Article(id=1321170385081582235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1321170163563614210, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010077, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736352000000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792921165962, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1769875200000, pubDateStr=2026-02-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921165962, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921165962, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921165962, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321170163563614210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='497', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769875200000', pubDateStr='2026-02-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921113148, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921113148, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=275, endPage=283, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321170385308074652, articleId=1321170385081582235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Colorimetric Detection of Organophosphate Pesticides in Cabbage Sample with Gold Nanostar/Pt as an Oxidase Mimic, columnId=1261343843585241413, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Analysis and Determination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In view of the serious threat of organophosphorus pesticide (OPs) residues to the environment and human health, it is important to develop a rapid, sensitive and enzyme-free detection method to solve the problems of existing technologies that rely on biological enzymes, high cost and complex operation. In this study, gold nanostars (AuNS) were synthesized by seed-mediated growth method, and platinum nanoparticles were loaded on their surface to prepare AuNS/Pt nanocomposites (AuNS@Pt). The synthesized AuNS@Pt exhibited oxidase-like activity, whose catalytic mechanism was elucidated through kinetic analyses. Capitalizing on the inhibitory effect of OPs on the active sites of AuNS@Pt, a novel colorimetric detection platform was developed. AuNS@Pt could efficiently catalyze the oxidation of TMB to generate blue products (characteristic absorption peak 652 nm). The adsorption of OPs (dimethoate, omethoate, malathion) inhibited its catalytic activity. The absorbance value was linearly related to the concentration of OPs within a certain range, and the limit of detection were 0.015, 0.022 and 0.050 μg/mL, respectively. The recoveries of spiked cabbage samples ranged from 85.6% to 103.2%, with relative standard deviation below 5.18%, which was consistent with the results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The proposed method provides a new strategy for the rapid detection of OPs and is suitable for practical application in complex matrix samples.

, authors=Siqi WU1, Sisi CHEN1, Xingyu ZUO1, Zhiting ZHENG1, Xuanbing YU2, 3, Chengyi HONG1, *, Kailong ZHANG2, *, Quansheng CHEN1, authorsList=Siqi WU, Sisi CHEN, Xingyu ZUO, Zhiting ZHENG, Xuanbing YU, Chengyi HONG, Kailong ZHANG, Quansheng CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chengyi HONG, Kailong ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321170388642546353, articleId=1321170385081582235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=基于金纳米星/铂类氧化物模拟酶的白菜中有机磷比色检测, columnId=1261343846139572559, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=分析检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对有机磷农药(OPs)残留对环境和人体健康的严重威胁,开发一种快速、灵敏且无需天然酶的检测方法,以解决现有技术依赖生物酶、成本高及操作复杂等问题是非常重要的。本研究通过种子生长法合成金纳米星(AuNS),并在其表面负载铂纳米颗粒,制备金纳米星/铂双金属纳米材料(AuNS@Pt)。系统研究其类氧化酶活性及催化机制,利用有机磷农药对AuNS@Pt催化位点的抑制作用,构建基于吸光度变化的比色检测体系。AuNS@Pt可高效催化TMB氧化生成蓝色产物(特征吸收峰652 nm),有机磷农药(乐果、氧乐果、马拉硫磷)的吸附会抑制其催化活性,吸光度值与有机磷农药浓度在一定的范围内呈线性关系,检出限分别为0.015、0.022和0.050 μg/mL。白菜样品加标回收率为85.6%~103.2%,相对标准偏差低于5.18%,且与气相色谱-质谱法结果一致。本研究提出的AuNS@Pt比色检测方法为有机磷农药残留的快速检测提供了新策略,适用于复杂基质样品的实际应用。

, authors=伍思琪1, 陈思思1, 左星宇1, 郑枳亭1, 余宣炳2, 3, 洪诚毅1, *, 张凯龙2, *, 陈全胜1, authorsList=伍思琪, 陈思思, 左星宇, 郑枳亭, 余宣炳, 洪诚毅, 张凯龙, 陈全胜, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=洪诚毅, 张凯龙, authorNote=

伍思琪(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品质量与安全,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
洪诚毅(1990−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品质量与安全,E-mail:。
张凯龙(1991−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:生物医药与食品分析,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=vFJGtzz4HWGLhMqyYLPcWg==, magXml=FTuQoBVRQb+OMcm3ur8IrA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=KOoO65bBnFrTrzh9xlpVTw==, pdfFileSize=9127787, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Dvw87Dak9jxhvWoDl3WvJw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=slHmEt8vznKpil7dIFe7AQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1321170389154251452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1445321448@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1321170389246526142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, authorId=1321170389154251452, language=EN, stringName=Siqi WU, firstName=Siqi, middleName=null, lastName=WU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1321170389326217919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, authorId=1321170389154251452, language=CN, stringName=伍思琪, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1集美大学海洋食品与生物工程学院,福建省食品微生物与酶工程重点实验室,福建厦门 361021, bio={"content":"

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Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2017, 17(8): 5730−5734., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1321170388885815986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170388894204595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, companyId=1321170388885815986, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170388910981812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, companyId=1321170388885815986, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, 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colorimetric OPs detection based on oxidase-like activity of AuNS@Pt, figureFileSmall=m0X9qK7DGF5EuSmwlKxIUA==, figureFileBig=Dvw87Dak9jxhvWoDl3WvJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170393432441581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, language=CN, label=图1, caption=基于AuNS@Pt纳米材料的类氧化酶活性比色检测OPs原理图, figureFileSmall=m0X9qK7DGF5EuSmwlKxIUA==, figureFileBig=Dvw87Dak9jxhvWoDl3WvJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170393625379566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=TEM images of AuNS (A) and AuNS@Pt (B), and UV-Vis absorption spectra of AuNS and AuNS@Pt (C), figureFileSmall=kM6XHdlnfrgZh9wFD1WcmQ==, figureFileBig=c1Fm3RLP19W4k8wHkwPnuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170393700877039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, language=CN, label=图2, caption=AuNS的TEM图(A)、AuNS@Pt的TEM图(B)、AuNS和AuNS@Pt的紫外吸收光谱图(C), figureFileSmall=kM6XHdlnfrgZh9wFD1WcmQ==, figureFileBig=c1Fm3RLP19W4k8wHkwPnuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170393767985904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Oxidase-like activity of AuNS@Pt using TMB (A), OPD (B), ABTS (C) as substrates, figureFileSmall=ICdDjOs+r+lw5uHyfVChDQ==, figureFileBig=VLjY0kbjsDZz2U47kdKTXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170393826706161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, language=CN, label=图3, caption=以TMB(A)、OPD(B)、ABTS(C)作为底物研究AuNS@Pt的类氧化物酶活性, figureFileSmall=ICdDjOs+r+lw5uHyfVChDQ==, figureFileBig=VLjY0kbjsDZz2U47kdKTXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170393889620722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of temperature (A) and pH (B) on the catalytic activity of AuNS@Pt, figureFileSmall=gs96/RRpem1Eev7L7/xS1Q==, figureFileBig=uwfKySuIO08sZ6L97DXe7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170393969312499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同温度(A)和不同pH(B)对AuNS@Pt催化活性的影响, figureFileSmall=gs96/RRpem1Eev7L7/xS1Q==, figureFileBig=uwfKySuIO08sZ6L97DXe7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170394044809972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Michaelis-Menten diagram (A) and Lineweaver-Burk diagram (B) of TMB as substrate, figureFileSmall=acCYaXXBvvI+IYj9c05t7g==, figureFileBig=KxfO2tLGBfp/YaI/LS2+TA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170394120307445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, language=CN, label=图5, caption=以TMB作为底物的Michaelis-Menten图(A)和Lineweaver-Burk图(B), figureFileSmall=acCYaXXBvvI+IYj9c05t7g==, figureFileBig=KxfO2tLGBfp/YaI/LS2+TA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170394195804918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=UV-vis absorption spectra of solutions of different concentrations of dimethoate (A) and plot of dimethoate concentration versus absorbance value at 652 nm (B), figureFileSmall=sxW3LZbT1ruw2YdLooGDCA==, figureFileBig=tWLN/rMdlbRRg6ATkZa5EQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170394250330871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同浓度乐果溶液的紫外吸收光谱图(A)、乐果浓度与652 nm处吸光度值的关系图(B)

注:从a到m,分别为0、0.02、0.05、0.1、0.5、1、5、10、50、100、200、500、1000 µg/mL。

, figureFileSmall=sxW3LZbT1ruw2YdLooGDCA==, figureFileBig=tWLN/rMdlbRRg6ATkZa5EQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170394325828344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=UV-vis absorption spectra of solutions of different concentrations of omethoate (A) and plot of omethoate concentration versus absorbance value at 652 nm (B), figureFileSmall=cdSjSmEQ34gnnyRRN4qJrA==, figureFileBig=5LjYeRcNozpxiXOFLOn2Nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170394384548601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同浓度氧乐果溶液的紫外吸收光谱图(A)、氧乐果浓度与652 nm处吸光度值的关系图(B)

注:从a到l,分别为0、0.05、0.1、0.5、1、5、10、50、100、200、500、1000 µg/mL。

, figureFileSmall=cdSjSmEQ34gnnyRRN4qJrA==, figureFileBig=5LjYeRcNozpxiXOFLOn2Nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170394451657466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=UV-vis absorption spectra of solutions of different concentrations of malathion (A) and plot of malathion concentration versus absorbance value at 652 nm (B), figureFileSmall=h+kP+il6MjSrGj57ohpzvw==, figureFileBig=UhyBUg/pOcMCwEL3addMkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170394522960635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同浓度马拉硫磷溶液的紫外吸收光谱图(A)、马拉硫磷浓度与652 nm处吸光度值的关系图(B)

注:从a到l,分别为0、0.05、0.1、0.5、1、5、10、50、100、200、500、1000 µg/mL。

, figureFileSmall=h+kP+il6MjSrGj57ohpzvw==, figureFileBig=UhyBUg/pOcMCwEL3addMkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170394602652412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Selective experiment, figureFileSmall=vhk6/lHwwv4FcUgpMiH52Q==, figureFileBig=Kw+NvV3OHIkPLIUxM8QZOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170394661372669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, language=CN, label=图9, caption=选择性实验, figureFileSmall=vhk6/lHwwv4FcUgpMiH52Q==, figureFileBig=Kw+NvV3OHIkPLIUxM8QZOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170394724287230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Structural formula of dimethoate (A), omethoate (B), and malathion (C), figureFileSmall=00kO5GrCsdcZ5b3o3qpaSg==, figureFileBig=152M5OvocGbPx6J7Z5Oe2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170394787201791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, language=CN, label=图10, caption=乐果(A)、氧乐果(B)、马拉硫磷(C)的结构式, figureFileSmall=00kO5GrCsdcZ5b3o3qpaSg==, figureFileBig=152M5OvocGbPx6J7Z5Oe2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170394866893568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of kinetic parameters of AuNS@Pt with other nanomaterials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料底物Km(mmol/L)Vmax(10−8 mol/L/s)参考文献
Fe-N-CTMB1.810.0601[28]
Co-His-GQD-G0.6638[29]
Fe-PPOP1.0984.85[30]
CeO23.870[31]
MnO20.78166.8[32]
Ag@Ag3PO40.11632[33]
AuNS@Pt0.3115.3本实验
), ArticleFig(id=1321170394929808129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

AuNS@Pt与其他纳米酶的动力学参数比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料底物Km(mmol/L)Vmax(10−8 mol/L/s)参考文献
Fe-N-CTMB1.810.0601[28]
Co-His-GQD-G0.6638[29]
Fe-PPOP1.0984.85[30]
CeO23.870[31]
MnO20.78166.8[32]
Ag@Ag3PO40.11632[33]
AuNS@Pt0.3115.3本实验
), ArticleFig(id=1321170394996916994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of detection limits and linear ranges for different detection methods

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材料方法标准曲线决定系数(R2)检出限(µg/mL)线性范围(µg/mL)分析物参考文献
MIPs@CsPbBr3荧光−0.99701.88×10−20.05~0.4氧乐果[34]
β-CD@AgNPs荧光y=2366.1x+181980.95640.010.1~25马拉硫磷[35]
Rhodamine B /AuNPs荧光−0.99700.0890.969~3.635灭线磷[36]
AuNPs/MOF比色y=0.00595x+0.1260.99200.4380.438~10.915敌百虫[37]
Cysteamine/ AuNPs比色−−5.8×10−30.0116~0.0928对硫磷[38]
MoS2 Nanosheet比色−0.99300.0870.4~2.0草甘膦[39]
AuNS@Pt比色y=−0.1174lg[x]+1.49220.98900.0150.02~1.0乐果本实验
y=−0.0801lg[x]+1.57660.99280.0220.05~10氧乐果
y=−0.0358lg[x]+1.64360.99820.0500.05~5.0马拉硫磷
), ArticleFig(id=1321170395059831555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同检测方法检出限与线性范围对比

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材料方法标准曲线决定系数(R2)检出限(µg/mL)线性范围(µg/mL)分析物参考文献
MIPs@CsPbBr3荧光−0.99701.88×10−20.05~0.4氧乐果[34]
β-CD@AgNPs荧光y=2366.1x+181980.95640.010.1~25马拉硫磷[35]
Rhodamine B /AuNPs荧光−0.99700.0890.969~3.635灭线磷[36]
AuNPs/MOF比色y=0.00595x+0.1260.99200.4380.438~10.915敌百虫[37]
Cysteamine/ AuNPs比色−−5.8×10−30.0116~0.0928对硫磷[38]
MoS2 Nanosheet比色−0.99300.0870.4~2.0草甘膦[39]
AuNS@Pt比色y=−0.1174lg[x]+1.49220.98900.0150.02~1.0乐果本实验
y=−0.0801lg[x]+1.57660.99280.0220.05~10氧乐果
y=−0.0358lg[x]+1.64360.99820.0500.05~5.0马拉硫磷
), ArticleFig(id=1321170395139523332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of OPs recovery test in cabbage samples

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样品加标浓度(µg/mL)本方法RSD(n=3,%)气相色谱质谱联用法RSD(n=3,%)
检出值(µg/mL)回收率(%)检出值(µg/mL)回收率(%)
白菜I0未检出−−−−−
0.10.09393.02.260.09898.02.14
0.50.42885.65.180.49398.65.44
1.00.92292.23.621.039103.93.03
白菜II0未检出−−−−−
0.10.102102.13.500.96396.34.67
0.50.516103.24.154.88297.62.53
1.00.94694.63.879.59095.92.42
), ArticleFig(id=1321170395227603717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170385081582235, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

白菜样品中有机磷加标回收实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品加标浓度(µg/mL)本方法RSD(n=3,%)气相色谱质谱联用法RSD(n=3,%)
检出值(µg/mL)回收率(%)检出值(µg/mL)回收率(%)
白菜I0未检出−−−−−
0.10.09393.02.260.09898.02.14
0.50.42885.65.180.49398.65.44
1.00.92292.23.621.039103.93.03
白菜II0未检出−−−−−
0.10.102102.13.500.96396.34.67
0.50.516103.24.154.88297.62.53
1.00.94694.63.879.59095.92.42
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基于金纳米星/铂类氧化物模拟酶的白菜中有机磷比色检测
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伍思琪 1 , 陈思思 1 , 左星宇 1 , 郑枳亭 1 , 余宣炳 2, 3 , 洪诚毅 1, * , 张凯龙 2, * , 陈全胜 1
食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026,47(3): 275-283
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食品工业科技 |分析检测 2026 , 47 (3) : 275 -283
基于金纳米星/铂类氧化物模拟酶的白菜中有机磷比色检测
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361021)])])]
伍思琪1 , 陈思思1, 左星宇1, 郑枳亭1, 余宣炳2, 3, 洪诚毅1, * , 张凯龙2, * , 陈全胜1
作者信息
  • 1集美大学海洋食品与生物工程学院,福建省食品微生物与酶工程重点实验室,福建厦门 361021
  • 2龙岩学院生命科学学院,预防兽医学与生物技术福建省高等学校重点实验室,福建龙岩 364000
  • 3福建师范大学生命科学学院,福建福州 350117
通讯作者:
洪诚毅(1990−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品质量与安全,E-mail:。
张凯龙(1991−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:生物医药与食品分析,E-mail:。
作者简介:

伍思琪(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品质量与安全,E-mail:

Colorimetric Detection of Organophosphate Pesticides in Cabbage Sample with Gold Nanostar/Pt as an Oxidase Mimic
Siqi WU1 , Sisi CHEN1, Xingyu ZUO1, Zhiting ZHENG1, Xuanbing YU2, 3, Chengyi HONG1, * , Kailong ZHANG2, * , Quansheng CHEN1
Affiliations
  • 1Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
  • 2Fujian Province Universities Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364000, China
  • 3School of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
出版时间: 2026-02-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010077
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针对有机磷农药(OPs)残留对环境和人体健康的严重威胁,开发一种快速、灵敏且无需天然酶的检测方法,以解决现有技术依赖生物酶、成本高及操作复杂等问题是非常重要的。本研究通过种子生长法合成金纳米星(AuNS),并在其表面负载铂纳米颗粒,制备金纳米星/铂双金属纳米材料(AuNS@Pt)。系统研究其类氧化酶活性及催化机制,利用有机磷农药对AuNS@Pt催化位点的抑制作用,构建基于吸光度变化的比色检测体系。AuNS@Pt可高效催化TMB氧化生成蓝色产物(特征吸收峰652 nm),有机磷农药(乐果、氧乐果、马拉硫磷)的吸附会抑制其催化活性,吸光度值与有机磷农药浓度在一定的范围内呈线性关系,检出限分别为0.015、0.022和0.050 μg/mL。白菜样品加标回收率为85.6%~103.2%,相对标准偏差低于5.18%,且与气相色谱-质谱法结果一致。本研究提出的AuNS@Pt比色检测方法为有机磷农药残留的快速检测提供了新策略,适用于复杂基质样品的实际应用。

有机磷  /  双金属纳米材料  /  氧化酶活性  /  比色检测

In view of the serious threat of organophosphorus pesticide (OPs) residues to the environment and human health, it is important to develop a rapid, sensitive and enzyme-free detection method to solve the problems of existing technologies that rely on biological enzymes, high cost and complex operation. In this study, gold nanostars (AuNS) were synthesized by seed-mediated growth method, and platinum nanoparticles were loaded on their surface to prepare AuNS/Pt nanocomposites (AuNS@Pt). The synthesized AuNS@Pt exhibited oxidase-like activity, whose catalytic mechanism was elucidated through kinetic analyses. Capitalizing on the inhibitory effect of OPs on the active sites of AuNS@Pt, a novel colorimetric detection platform was developed. AuNS@Pt could efficiently catalyze the oxidation of TMB to generate blue products (characteristic absorption peak 652 nm). The adsorption of OPs (dimethoate, omethoate, malathion) inhibited its catalytic activity. The absorbance value was linearly related to the concentration of OPs within a certain range, and the limit of detection were 0.015, 0.022 and 0.050 μg/mL, respectively. The recoveries of spiked cabbage samples ranged from 85.6% to 103.2%, with relative standard deviation below 5.18%, which was consistent with the results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The proposed method provides a new strategy for the rapid detection of OPs and is suitable for practical application in complex matrix samples.

organophosphate pesticides  /  bimetallic nanomaterials  /  oxidase-like activity  /  colorimetric detection
伍思琪, 陈思思, 左星宇, 郑枳亭, 余宣炳, 洪诚毅, 张凯龙, 陈全胜. 基于金纳米星/铂类氧化物模拟酶的白菜中有机磷比色检测. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (3) : 275 -283 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010077
Siqi WU, Sisi CHEN, Xingyu ZUO, Zhiting ZHENG, Xuanbing YU, Chengyi HONG, Kailong ZHANG, Quansheng CHEN. Colorimetric Detection of Organophosphate Pesticides in Cabbage Sample with Gold Nanostar/Pt as an Oxidase Mimic[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (3) : 275 -283 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010077
有机磷(Organophosphorus pesticides,OPs)是一类广泛应用于农业中的杀虫剂,因其成本低廉而应用广泛。随着农业生产中为提高杀虫效率而不断增加的OPs使用量,农药残留问题日益严峻[1−2]。这些有毒物质在环境中的累积不仅污染了土壤和水源,还通过食物链进入人体,对人体健康构成严重威胁,引发急性或慢性的中毒[3]。传统的检测方法如气相色谱法[4]、高效液相色谱法[5]、质谱法[6]等,虽然检测结果准确,但往往需要用到昂贵的仪器,分析时间也较长。利用基于抑制天然酶活性而建立的有机磷检测方法也广为报道。例如通过设计乙酰胆碱酯酶-胆碱酯酶-金纳米棒的体系[7],OPs通过对乙酰胆碱酶活性的抑制作用,使得金纳米棒发生不同程度的刻蚀,通过溶液的多色变化检测OPs。OPs也可对碱性磷酸酶的活性产生抑制,引起对氨基苯酚还原银离子的反应变化,进而实现OPs的比色检测[8]。但这些方法中使用到的天然酶稳定性不高、易受环境因素影响且成本较高。因此,开发有效、快速、灵敏的OPs检测方法,对于保障食品安全、维护生态平衡和保护人类健康至关重要[9−10]。
近年来,一些具有天然酶活性的纳米材料,如贵金属、金属氧化物、金属有机骨架、双金属纳米结构等,因具有传统天然酶的高催化特性和底物专一性,并且能有效克服天然酶对环境敏感及合成成本高昂的局限[11−12],受到研究者的广泛关注和研究。金铂核壳纳米材料是以金纳米粒子为核,铂纳米颗粒为壳的一种具有高催化活性的纳米酶,它不但拥有金纳米粒子独特的光学性质、稳定性、易于表面改性等优点,其铂纳米颗粒还提供了丰富的催化位点。金铂双金属纳米酶通过两种金属间的协同作用,在光学性能和催化性能上均展现出更为卓越的表现,在检测时间、检测浓度范围、材料稳定性等方面相较于单金属纳米酶均有显著的提升。鉴于这些优点,金铂双金属纳米酶在环境保护[13]、生物传感[14−15]及食品安全检测[16−17]等多个领域已展现出广阔的应用前景。
本文利用金纳米星(AuNS)作为载体,氯铂酸为原料,通过抗坏血酸的还原作用在金纳米星(AuNS)表面合成铂纳米颗粒,形成AuNS@Pt纳米材料。研究发现AuNS@Pt纳米材料具有良好的类氧化酶催化活性,能够高效催化溶解氧与3,3',5,5'-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)的氧化反应,使溶液由无色变为蓝色,在652 nm处出现特征吸收峰。利用AuNS@Pt对OPs进行灵敏检测的原理如图1所示,OPs可吸附在AuNS@Pt的表面,使得其氧化酶活性位点被遮蔽[18−19],抑制了AuNS@Pt纳米材料的催化活性,根据OPs浓度不同所产生的颜色变化差异来实现OPs的快速、灵敏检测,方法也成功应用于实际样品中OPs的检测。
醋酸、醋酸钠、氯金酸(HAuCl4)、乙酸锌(C4H6O4Zn·2H2O)、葡萄糖 分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司;聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、氯铂酸(H2PtCl6) 分析纯,西格玛奥德里奇(上海)贸易有限公司;N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF) 分析纯,西陇科学股份有限公司;柠檬酸钠(C6H5Na3O7)、抗坏血酸(AA)、蔗糖、甘氨酸、色氨酸、邻苯二胺(OPD) 分析纯,阿拉丁试剂(上海)有限公司;3,3',5,5'-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)、2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS) 分析纯,上海麦克林生化科技有限公司;白菜 购自当地超市。
SpectraMax plus 384酶标仪 美国美谷分子仪器有限公司;FE28pH计 梅特勒-托利多仪器上海有限公司;AL104电子分析天平 奥豪斯仪器(常州)有限公司;Tecnai G2 F30场发射透射电子显微镜、Talos L120C透射电子显微镜 美国FEI公司;MS-H-Pro磁力搅拌器 大龙兴创实验仪器(北京)有限公司;Arium bagtank 50超纯水设备 德国赛多利斯仪器系统有限公司;TS300微孔板恒温振荡器 杭州瑞诚仪器有限公司。
参考Liu等[20]报道的种子生长法合成AuNS。首先,将10 mL 1 mmol/L的HAuCl4溶液加入三颈瓶中,升温至130 ℃后,快速加入1 mL 38.8 mmol/L的柠檬酸钠溶液,继续反应15 min后结束加热。待制备的金纳米粒子(Gold nanoparticle,AuNP)溶液冷却后与1 mmol/L的PVP溶液等体积混合,室温下搅拌24 h,对AuNP进行功能化处理得到PVP-AuNP溶液,最后将PVP-AuNP离心并分散在2 mL乙醇溶液中备用。在DMF溶解的15 mL 10 mmol/L PVP溶液中加入82 µL 50 mmol/L HAuCl4溶液,混匀。然后快速加入上述制备的43 µL PVP-AuNP溶液,搅拌反应15 min后反应结束,得到AuNS。将合成的AuNS用8000 r/min转速离心15 min并用乙醇洗涤两次,最后分散于5 mL超纯水中,于4 ℃下保存备用。将样品用超纯水稀释10倍后,滴加到300目的碳膜铜网,利用透射电子显微镜电压调节120 kV,放大倍数120000倍拍摄AuNS的透射电镜图像。用酶标仪测定AuNS在400~900 nm波长范围内的紫外可见吸收光谱。
AuNS@Pt参考Chi等[21]报道的方法合成。向圆底烧瓶中依次加入3 mL AuNS溶液、12 mL超纯水和5 mL 2 mmol/L的H2PtCl6溶液,将混合溶液加热至80 ℃,加入5 mL 5 mmol/L抗坏血酸溶液继续反应30 min,反应结束,得到AuNS@Pt。将合成的AuNS@Pt用10000 r/min转速离心20 min,离心水洗3次后分散在5 mL超纯水中,于4 ℃下保存备用。利用场发射透射电子显微镜电压调节200 kV,放大倍数38000倍拍摄AuNS@Pt的透射电镜图像。用酶标仪测定AuNS@Pt在400~900 nm波长范围内的紫外可见吸收光谱。
将10 µL AuNS@Pt溶液、20 µL 2.5 mmol/L TMB溶液加入220 µL 0.2 mol/L的HAc-NaAc缓冲液(pH4.0)中,45 ℃下反应10 min。用酶标仪测定反应体系在400~750 nm波长范围内的紫外可见吸收光谱,记录652 nm处的吸光度值并拍照记录颜色变化,根据吸光度数值的大小判断AuNS@Pt的类氧化酶活性。采用OPD与ABTS试剂作为显色底物重复上述操作进行氧化酶活性探究[22]。
将10 µL AuNS@Pt溶液、20 µL 2.5 mmol/L TMB溶液加入220 µL 0.2 mol/L的HAc-NaAc缓冲液(pH4.0)中,于不同温度(4、15、25、35、45、55、65、75 ℃)下反应10 min,用酶标仪记录652 nm处的吸光度值,将最优条件下的吸光度值设置为100%,计算不同温度下吸光度值与最大吸光度值的比值,绘制酶活性变化趋势曲线。用1 mol/L的HCl和NaOH调节HAc-NaAc溶液的pH为2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12,将10 µL AuNS@Pt溶液、20 µL 2.5 mmol/L TMB溶液加入220 µL上述不同pH的溶液中,45 ℃下反应10 min。用酶标仪记录652 nm处的吸光度值,将最优条件下的吸光度值设置为100%,计算不同pH下吸光度值与最大吸光度值的比值,绘制酶活性变化趋势曲线。
将10 µL AuNS@Pt溶液和20 µL不同浓度(0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.8、1 mmol/L)的TMB溶液加入到220 µL 0.2 mol/L的HAc-NaAc缓冲液(pH4.0)中,每10 s测定一次溶液在652 nm处的吸光度值。动力学参数Km值和Vmax值由Michaelis-Menten方程与Lineweaver-Burk双倒数图确定[23]。公式为:
$\rm V=\frac{{V}_{max}\cdot \left[S\right]}{{K}_{m}+\left[S\right]} $
式中:Km、Vmax、V和[S]分别表示米氏常数、最大反应速度、反应初始速度和底物TMB的浓度。
将100 µL不同浓度 (0、0.02、0.05、0.1、0.5、1、5、10、50、100、200、500、1000 μg/mL) 的乐果溶液分别与10 µL AuNS@Pt溶液在室温下混合30 min,然后向混合液中依次加入120 µL 0.2 mol/L HAc-NaAc缓冲液(pH4.0)和20 µL 2.5 mmol/L TMB溶液。在最优条件下反应10 min后,用酶标仪测定溶液在450~750 nm范围内的吸收光谱,记录652 nm处的吸光度值。当检测氧乐果和马拉硫磷时,两种有机磷设置的浓度均为0、0.05、0.1、0.5、1、5、10、50、100、200、500、1000 μg/mL。
选择在食品中可能存在的干扰物质研究方法的选择性。将100 µL的葡萄糖、蔗糖、Gly、Trp、Na+和Zn2+分别与10 µL AuNS@Pt溶液在室温下混合30 min,随后加入120 µL 0.2 mol/L HAc-NaAc缓冲液(pH4.0)与20 µL 2.5 mmol/L TMB溶液,利用相同的测定方法考察这些干扰物质对检测的影响。
选择白菜作为实际样品,参考已报道的文献进行样品前处理[24]。首先对白菜样品均质化处理,处理后称取5 g均质样品加入30 mL PBS缓冲液,室温下搅拌1 h后,95 ℃水浴加热10 min。将溶液用滤纸过滤收集滤液,滤液用8000 r/min离心10 min,收集上清液并用0.22 µm的滤膜进一步除去杂质。向处理好的实际样品溶液中加入已知浓度的乐果溶液,混合均匀后按1.2.6的实验步骤进行检测。气相色谱质谱联用法参考国家标准GB 23200.113-2018[25]中的方法进行。
所有实验重复三次,采用Excel 2019软件进行数据处理,所得数据通过Origin 9.0进行作图。
利用透射电镜和紫外吸收光谱表征所合成的AuNS@Pt纳米材料。从AuNS的TEM图中可以看出AuNS呈现多分支状的结构,尺寸在60 nm左右(图2A)。当Pt纳米颗粒被还原在AuNS表面后,AuNS的分支结构消失,AuNS@Pt纳米材料的尺寸比AuNS有所增大,呈近似球状(图2B)。AuNS与AuNS@Pt的紫外吸收光谱和溶液颜色如图2C所示,AuNS在550 nm处表现出弱的横向表面等离子体吸收峰,820 nm处显示出强的纵向表面等离子体吸收峰,溶液颜色为蓝色。当Pt纳米颗粒被还原在AuNS表面后,横向表面等离子体吸收峰变宽,而纵向表面等离子体吸收峰消失,溶液颜色变为灰色。
为了探究AuNS@Pt纳米材料的氧化酶活性,本文首先选择TMB作为显色底物。如图3A所示,溶液中只有TMB(图3A,黑线)或AuNS@Pt(图3A,红线)时,紫外可见吸收光谱图中没有明显特征吸收峰,溶液颜色为无色透明;与AuNS和TMB溶液(图3A,绿线)的颜色相比,AuNS@Pt与TMB溶液混合后(图3A,蓝线),溶液呈现明显的蓝色,在652 nm的吸光度值也显著增加。这一结果表明AuNS@Pt纳米材料具有氧化酶的活性。同时,选择另外两种显色底物OPD和ABTS进行验证,如图3B所示,与OPD(图3B,紫线)的紫外吸收曲线相比,在OPD溶液中加入AuNS@Pt后,在450 nm处出现oxOPD的特征吸收峰(图3B,黄线),溶液变为黄色。用ABTS(图3C,蓝线)作为显色底物的实验也得到类似的结论,体系中加入AuNS@Pt(图3C,绿线)后,能有效地催化氧化ABTS,在420 nm处出现特征吸收峰,ABTS溶液也变为绿色。以上实验结果表明AuNS@Pt纳米材料具有优良的类氧化酶活性。
纳米材料的类氧化酶活性与催化反应温度、缓冲液pH等参数密切相关[26−27]。在确定了AuNS@Pt纳米材料具有优异的类氧化酶活性后,为了实现最佳的实验效果,分别探究催化反应温度和缓冲液pH对催化反应的影响。将改变单因素实验下获得的652 nm处最大吸光度设置为100%,以此为标准计算其余吸光度值的相对百分比。如图4A所示,AuNS@Pt纳米材料在4~75 ℃均有较强的催化活性,在4~45 ℃范围内随着温度的上升,AuNS@Pt的催化性能逐渐增大,当温度达到45 ℃时,溶液的吸光度值达到最高,而45~75 ℃的范围内随着温度的上升吸光度值有所下降,原因可能是较高的温度下氧化型TMB不稳定易分解,因此选择45 ℃作为最佳的反应温度。图4B为优化缓冲液pH的实验结果,由图4B可知,当缓冲液pH为4时,AuNS@Pt催化效果达到最佳。因此,选择温度45 ℃且缓冲液的pH4为最佳催化条件完成后续实验。
为了进一步研究AuNS@Pt的催化性能,实验中改变底物TMB溶液浓度,得到不同TMB浓度下反应溶液在652 nm处的吸光度值随时间变化的数据,以初始反应速度与TMB的终浓度绘制曲线,从而计算出Michaelis-Menten常数(Km)和最大反应速率(Vmax),如图5A和图5B分别为AuNS@Pt的Michaelis-Menten曲线和Lineweaver-Burk双倒数图。图5A显示典型的米氏曲线,证明初始速度随着TMB浓度的增加而增加。由图5B可知,由初始速度与底物TMB的浓度倒数值之间的线性关系求得Km值与Vmax值。Km值与Vmax值如表1,与其他无机纳米材料相比,以TMB为底物时,AuNS@Pt的Km值较小,说明AuNS@Pt对底物TMB具有较强的亲和力,说明只需要较低的TMB浓度就能使催化反应的速率达到最大。
OPs对纳米材料的吸附作用会造成催化的活性位点被遮蔽,进而导致催化能力下降。因此,本研究利用AuNS@Pt纳米材料的高催化活性,设计了一种通过颜色变化的比色传感方法检测OPs。由图6A所示,选择乐果作为有机磷的代表物之一,考察不同浓度(0~1000 µg/mL)的乐果溶液与AuNS@Pt纳米材料混合之后对其催化性能的影响。氧化型TMB吸收峰的高度随着乐果浓度的增加而逐渐降低,溶液颜色由深蓝色逐渐变为浅蓝色。在浓度0.02~1 µg/mL的范围内,652 nm处的吸光度值与乐果浓度呈现负相关关系,A652=−0.1174lgC乐果+1.4922,R2=0.9890,检出限为0.015 µg/mL(图6B)。同理,在研究氧乐果和马拉硫磷对AuNS@Pt纳米材料催化的抑制作用时也得到相类似的结果,如图7A所示,在氧乐果浓度在0.05~10 µg/mL的范围内,652 nm处的吸光度值与氧乐果浓度呈现良好的线性关系(图7B),线性方程为A652=−0.0801lgC氧乐果+1.5766,R2=0.9928,检出限为0.022 µg/mL;如图8A所示,在马拉硫磷浓度在0.05~5 µg/mL的范围内,652 nm处的吸光度值与马拉硫磷浓度呈现良好的线性关系(图8B),线性方程为A652=−0.0358lgC马拉硫磷+1.6436,R2=0.9982,检出限为0.050 µg/mL,通过比较可以发现,乐果对AuNS@Pt纳米材料的抑制更灵敏,检出限更低,而方法对氧乐果检测的检测范围更宽。将本研究得到的OPs检测线性范围和检出限与文献报道方法比较(表2),本方法具有相对较优的检出限和线性范围,有望用于 OPs 的灵敏检测。
为验证检测体系的选择性和抗干扰能力,本研究选取食品基质中常见的葡萄糖、蔗糖、甘氨酸、色氨酸、Zn2+和Na+作为干扰物质进行测试(图9)。实验结果表明在相同浓度下,上述干扰物质对AuNS@Pt催化活性的抑制较小,溶液的吸光度值没有明显的降低,而乐果、氧乐果和马拉硫磷对AuNS@Pt催化活性的抑制明显,这一实验结果可归因于乐果、氧乐果和马拉硫磷分子中的硫代磷酸酯基团(图10)与AuNS@Pt表面Pt活性位点的强配位作用,对活性位点起到遮蔽作用,使得AuNS@Pt催化性能降低。上述结果证明,本研究构建的比色检测体系能够有效区分OPs与其他常见干扰物,为实际样品分析提供了可靠的选择性保障。
为了验证该分析方法的实用性,对两份白菜样品中有机磷农药的残留量进行测定。如表3所示,两份白菜样品中均未检测出有机磷,因此选择向处理之后的白菜处理液中加入终浓度为0.1、0.5、1.0 µg/mL的乐果溶液,两份样品中乐果的加标回收率为85.6%~103.2%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.26%~5.18%。同时,检测的结果与利用气相色谱质谱联用法检测的结果对比基本一致,表明该方法准确可靠,有望应用于实际样品中有机磷残留的检测。
本研究通过在AuNS表面还原Pt纳米颗粒,成功构建AuNS@Pt纳米材料。该材料展现出优异的氧化酶活性,能够高效地催化TMB氧化为oxTMB。当体系存在OPs时,AuNS@Pt的催化效能显著下降。温度45 ℃、pH4的最优条件下,以乐果、氧乐果、马拉硫磷作为OPs的代表物质,检出限可分别达到0.015、0.022、0.050 µg/mL,根据GB 2763-2021要求,本实验中马拉硫磷的检出限已经高于国家标准要求,而乐果与氧乐果的检出限基本达到国家标准的检测要求。同时,方法也成功应用于白菜中乐果含量的检测,而且能够有效应对实际样品复杂基质的干扰。然而,本研究仅针对单一农药进行,未探究多种OPs共存时的交叉干扰及检测能力,便携式检测器件的开发仍需进一步优化。同时,可以利用核酸适体特异性地识别不同OPs,增加方法的特异性,从而实现高选择性、现场化的OPs检测。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010077
  • 接收时间:2025-01-09
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2026-02-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-09
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    1集美大学海洋食品与生物工程学院,福建省食品微生物与酶工程重点实验室,福建厦门 361021
    2龙岩学院生命科学学院,预防兽医学与生物技术福建省高等学校重点实验室,福建龙岩 364000
    3福建师范大学生命科学学院,福建福州 350117

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洪诚毅(1990−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品质量与安全,E-mail:。
张凯龙(1991−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:生物医药与食品分析,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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