Article(id=1321170371206820610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1321170163563614210, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020100, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739721600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792921162653, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1769875200000, pubDateStr=2026-02-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921162653, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921162653, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921162653, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321170163563614210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='497', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769875200000', pubDateStr='2026-02-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921113148, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921113148, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=244, endPage=253, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321170371584307971, articleId=1321170371206820610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Optimization of Sea Buckthorn Pomace Cornmeal Steamed Bread Formulation Using Response Surface Methodology and Its Quality Analysis, columnId=1261343843090313538, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Processing Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, the effects of corn flour content, sea buckthorn pomace, yeast dosage, and fermentation time on the sensory evaluation of steamed bread were investigated. Based on single-factor experiments sensory scoring, a Box-Behnken experimental design was employed to optimize the formulation of sea buckthorn pomace-corn flour-steamed bread. Analyses were conducted on the quality characteristics, antioxidant activity, in vitro digestibility, and expected glycemic index (eGI) of the optimized product while using steamed bread without sea buckthorn pomace as a control. The results demonstrated that the optimal formulation was 100 g of medium-gluten wheat flour supplemented with 44% corn flour, 4% sea buckthorn pomace, and 1.5% yeast and a fermentation time of 50 min. The sensory score of steamed bread prepared with this formulation was 97.10, closely matching the predicted value of 97.29. Sea buckthorn pomace significantly influenced the specific volume, texture, and flavor of steamed bread. The optimized product contained 0.033 mg/g polyphenols and 0.21 mg/g flavonoids, with DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging rates of 23.15% and 54.46%, respectively. In vitro digestion tests revealed that incorporating sea buckthorn pomace reduced both the glycemic index value and starch digestion rate, yielding an expected glycemic index (eGI) of 71.87, classifying it as a medium-GI food. This study provides a theoretical reference for applying sea buckthorn pomace to steamed bread products.

, authors=Peng ZENG1, Yongping QIN1, Dandan FANG1, 2, *, Lin CHEN1, 2, authorsList=Peng ZENG, Yongping QIN, Dandan FANG, Lin CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Dandan FANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321170375233352474, articleId=1321170371206820610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=响应面法优化沙棘果渣玉米面馒头配方及其品质分析, columnId=1261343845481066826, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=工艺技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

研究玉米面、沙棘果渣、酵母的添加量以及发酵时间对馒头感官评价的影响。基于单因素感官评分,运用Box-Behnken试验设计优化沙棘果渣玉米面馒头的配方。以不添加沙棘果渣的馒头作为对照组,对其品质特性、抗氧化活性、体外消化以及模拟沙棘果渣玉米面馒头的血糖生成指数等进行分析。结果表明,馒头最优配方为:取100 g中筋小麦粉,添加44%玉米面、添加4%沙棘果渣、添加1.5%酵母、发酵时间为50 min。该配方下制备的馒头感官评分为97.10,与预测值97.29相近。沙棘果渣对馒头比容、质构、风味均有显著影响。采用最佳配方制作的沙棘果渣玉米面馒头,其多酚含量为0.033 mg/g,黄酮含量为0.21 mg/g、DPPH和ABTS+的自由基清除率分别达到23.15%和54.46%。经体外消化发现,添加沙棘果渣的馒头能够降低血糖生成指数值,降低淀粉消化速率,其预测血糖生成指数(expected glycemic index,eGI)为71.87,属于中GI食品。为沙棘果渣在馒头制品方面的应用提供参考。

, authors=曾鹏1, 秦永萍1, 房丹丹1, 2, *, 陈麟1, 2, authorsList=曾鹏, 秦永萍, 房丹丹, 陈麟, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=房丹丹, authorNote=

曾鹏(2004−),男,大学本科,研究方向:食品营养与检验教育,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
房丹丹(1987−),女,硕士,副教授,研究方向:食品加工与感官评价,E-mail:。
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曾鹏(2004−),男,大学本科,研究方向:食品营养与检验教育,E-mail:

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Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2024, 45(3): 75−82.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321170393633764275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=45, rfOrder=74, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Xiaoning, WANG Liping, TIAN Xiaohong, et al. Effects of wheat bran dietary fiber and raw wheat bran on the quality of steamed bread[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2024, 45(3): 75−82., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321170393721844660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=46, rfOrder=75, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵云珠, 李爽, 王明慧, 等. 改性豆渣的工艺优化及豆渣馒头的品质改良[J]. 食品研究与开发, 2024, 45(21): 144−151. [ZHAO Yunzhu, LI Shuang, WANG Minghui, et al. Process optimization of modified soybean residue and quality improvement of steamed bread with soybean residue[J]. Food Research and Development, 2024, 45(21): 144−151.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321170393805730741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=46, rfOrder=76, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO Yunzhu, LI Shuang, WANG Minghui, et al. Process optimization of modified soybean residue and quality improvement of steamed bread with soybean residue[J]. Food Research and Development, 2024, 45(21): 144−151., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321170393868645302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=47, rfOrder=77, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵晓燕, 张晓伟, 王萌, 等. 馕制品中淀粉消化特性及生物活性物质的研究[J]. 中国粮油学报, 2021, 36(9): 14−21. [ZHAO Xiaoyan, ZHANG Xiaowei, WANG Meng, et al. Digestion characteristics of starch and bioactive substance in Nang product[J]. Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association, 2021, 36(9): 14−21.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321170393952531383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=47, rfOrder=78, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO Xiaoyan, ZHANG Xiaowei, WANG Meng, et al. Digestion characteristics of starch and bioactive substance in Nang product[J]. 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注:不同字母代表数据间具有显著性差异(P<0.05),图2~图4、图10同。

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figureFileBig=9CmofnqfEvU2SQrZQ2p4zA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170379494765384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, language=CN, label=图3, caption=酵母添加量对馒头感官的影响, figureFileSmall=npxQYoWDu/b9HhnskwoWBg==, figureFileBig=9CmofnqfEvU2SQrZQ2p4zA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170379582845769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of fermentation time on the sensory quality of steamed bread, figureFileSmall=wgT8g1FtA0F+p8uP7qAe/g==, figureFileBig=sLsmEhNmo0am4AqEcArVyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170379658343242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, language=CN, label=图4, caption=发酵时间对馒头感官的影响, figureFileSmall=wgT8g1FtA0F+p8uP7qAe/g==, figureFileBig=sLsmEhNmo0am4AqEcArVyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170379738035019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of corn flour addition and sea buckthorn pomace addition on the sensory quality of steamed bread, figureFileSmall=y9pZuKvhKY74UtAR5r2RDw==, figureFileBig=uwPD8PAdyMGgpEwMTGqIKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170379809338188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, language=CN, label=图5, caption=玉米面添加量与沙棘果渣添加量对馒头感官品质的影响, figureFileSmall=y9pZuKvhKY74UtAR5r2RDw==, figureFileBig=uwPD8PAdyMGgpEwMTGqIKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170379884835661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of corn flour addition and yeast addition on the sensory quality of steamed bread, figureFileSmall=EAuSf86ydvdTkDrqfzginQ==, figureFileBig=iL9keGlyTPukgy8cYcHH1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170379947750222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, language=CN, label=图6, caption=玉米面添加量与酵母添加量对馒头感官品质的影响, figureFileSmall=EAuSf86ydvdTkDrqfzginQ==, figureFileBig=iL9keGlyTPukgy8cYcHH1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170380031636303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Morphological characteristics and internal structure of steamed bread, figureFileSmall=kYsHO/PVsjt9NNClJ2or7Q==, figureFileBig=tsnrUPOOZgsT8YVW0S2SpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170380136493904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, language=CN, label=图7, caption=馒头外观与内部结构图, figureFileSmall=kYsHO/PVsjt9NNClJ2or7Q==, figureFileBig=tsnrUPOOZgsT8YVW0S2SpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170380203602769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Radar chart of sensor response values for volatile flavor compounds in steamed bread, figureFileSmall=6mLswpg25maNCY/ElTlaWw==, figureFileBig=lKUpQq6pL2iuJUAtzzQPFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170380291683154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, language=CN, label=图8, caption=馒头挥发性风味成分传感器响应值雷达图, figureFileSmall=6mLswpg25maNCY/ElTlaWw==, figureFileBig=lKUpQq6pL2iuJUAtzzQPFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170380375569235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Principal component analysis (PCA) of electronic nose detection, figureFileSmall=o0wSkjVuTRWOT8yn/NCuUQ==, figureFileBig=8t0cIu8nxZ6Jyb4fWoOMEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170380463649620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, language=CN, label=图9, caption=电子鼻检测主成分分析(PCA), figureFileSmall=o0wSkjVuTRWOT8yn/NCuUQ==, figureFileBig=8t0cIu8nxZ6Jyb4fWoOMEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170380551730005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Analysis of antioxidant properties of steamed bread, figureFileSmall=PKok0JrKT+CZBwhk4AfNng==, figureFileBig=TE4qOvOTHcudfgB9OfAoxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170380660781910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, language=CN, label=图10, caption=馒头的抗氧化性能分析

注:A:黄酮和多酚含量;B:DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基清除率。

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Factors and levels of response surface experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平A玉米面添加量(%)B沙棘果渣添加量(%)C酵母添加量(%)
−14031
04541.5
15052
), ArticleFig(id=1321170381138932570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

响应面试验因素及水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平A玉米面添加量(%)B沙棘果渣添加量(%)C酵母添加量(%)
−14031
04541.5
15052
), ArticleFig(id=1321170381227012955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Sensory evaluation criteria for corn flour steamed bread with sea buckthorn pomace

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分值评分标准
表面色泽15表皮光泽性好,颜色均一(11~15)
表皮光泽性较好,颜色较均一(6~10)
表皮光泽性差,颜色不均匀(0~5)
外观形状15表皮光滑且形态完整(11~15)
表皮较为光滑,有少量气泡(6~10)
表皮不光滑,有气泡,有裂口,或起皱表皮(0~5)
气味20有浓郁馒头麦香、玉米及沙棘香气,无异味(16~20)
有较淡馒头麦香、玉米及沙棘香气,无异味(11~15)
有较淡馒头麦香、玉米及沙棘香气,有异味(6~10)
没有明显馒头麦香、玉米及沙棘香气,有异味(0~5)
内部结构20表皮光滑,气孔分布均匀,切片完整不碎裂,无掉屑(16~20)
表皮较光滑,气孔分布较均匀,切片无断裂,无明显掉渣(11~15)
表皮有气泡,局部较硬,皮心分离,切片易掉渣(6~10)
表皮鼓胀、无弹性、质地不均、皮芯脱落、切片后有断屑等现象(0~5)
口感30指压感强,咬劲好,口感爽滑,不粘牙(21~30)
手指压后恢复慢,咬劲一般,咀嚼略粘牙(11~20)
手指压感硬,复原性和咬劲差(0~10)
), ArticleFig(id=1321170381331870556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

沙棘果渣玉米面馒头感官评分标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分值评分标准
表面色泽15表皮光泽性好,颜色均一(11~15)
表皮光泽性较好,颜色较均一(6~10)
表皮光泽性差,颜色不均匀(0~5)
外观形状15表皮光滑且形态完整(11~15)
表皮较为光滑,有少量气泡(6~10)
表皮不光滑,有气泡,有裂口,或起皱表皮(0~5)
气味20有浓郁馒头麦香、玉米及沙棘香气,无异味(16~20)
有较淡馒头麦香、玉米及沙棘香气,无异味(11~15)
有较淡馒头麦香、玉米及沙棘香气,有异味(6~10)
没有明显馒头麦香、玉米及沙棘香气,有异味(0~5)
内部结构20表皮光滑,气孔分布均匀,切片完整不碎裂,无掉屑(16~20)
表皮较光滑,气孔分布较均匀,切片无断裂,无明显掉渣(11~15)
表皮有气泡,局部较硬,皮心分离,切片易掉渣(6~10)
表皮鼓胀、无弹性、质地不均、皮芯脱落、切片后有断屑等现象(0~5)
口感30指压感强,咬劲好,口感爽滑,不粘牙(21~30)
手指压后恢复慢,咬劲一般,咀嚼略粘牙(11~20)
手指压感硬,复原性和咬劲差(0~10)
), ArticleFig(id=1321170381415756637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Performance description of PEN3 electronic nose sensors

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阵列序号传感器名称敏感物质类型
1W1C芳烃成分
2W5S氮氧化合物
3W3C香成分,氨类
4W6S氢气
5W5C短链烷烃、芳香成分
6W1S甲基类
7W1W硫化物
8W2S醇类
9W2W芳香成分、有机硫化物
10W3S长链烷烃
), ArticleFig(id=1321170381512225630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

PEN3型电子鼻传感器性能描述

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阵列序号传感器名称敏感物质类型
1W1C芳烃成分
2W5S氮氧化合物
3W3C香成分,氨类
4W6S氢气
5W5C短链烷烃、芳香成分
6W1S甲基类
7W1W硫化物
8W2S醇类
9W2W芳香成分、有机硫化物
10W3S长链烷烃
), ArticleFig(id=1321170381604500319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Response surface design scheme and experimental results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号因素感官评分Y
A
玉米面添加量
B
沙棘果渣添加量
C
酵母添加量
1−10−193.0
2−10188.5
3−11092.0
4−1−1088.0
511078.5
610187.0
710−187.0
81−1089.0
90−1187.0
1001−186.5
110−1−188.5
1201185.5
1300097.0
1400096.5
1500097.0
1600096.0
1700097.5
), ArticleFig(id=1321170381717746528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

响应面设计方案及试验结果

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试验号因素感官评分Y
A
玉米面添加量
B
沙棘果渣添加量
C
酵母添加量
1−10−193.0
2−10188.5
3−11092.0
4−1−1088.0
511078.5
610187.0
710−187.0
81−1089.0
90−1187.0
1001−186.5
110−1−188.5
1201185.5
1300097.0
1400096.5
1500097.0
1600096.0
1700097.5
), ArticleFig(id=1321170381805826913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Analysis of variance for response surface regression simulation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变异来源自由度平方和均方F值P值显著性
模型9439.5148.8356.50<0.0001***
A150.0050.0057.850.0001**
B112.5012.5014.460.0067**
C16.136.137.090.0324*
AB152.5652.5660.820.0001**
AC15.065.065.860.0461*
BC10.0630.0630.0720.7958
A2166.1166.1176.49<0.0001***
B21149.69149.69173.20<0.0001***
C2166.1166.1176.49<0.0001***
残差76.050.86
失拟34.751.584.870.0801
误差41.300.33
总变异16445.56
R20.9864
R2Adj0.9690
), ArticleFig(id=1321170381898101602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

响应面回归模拟的方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变异来源自由度平方和均方F值P值显著性
模型9439.5148.8356.50<0.0001***
A150.0050.0057.850.0001**
B112.5012.5014.460.0067**
C16.136.137.090.0324*
AB152.5652.5660.820.0001**
AC15.065.065.860.0461*
BC10.0630.0630.0720.7958
A2166.1166.1176.49<0.0001***
B21149.69149.69173.20<0.0001***
C2166.1166.1176.49<0.0001***
残差76.050.86
失拟34.751.584.870.0801
误差41.300.33
总变异16445.56
R20.9864
R2Adj0.9690
), ArticleFig(id=1321170383567434595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Determination results of specific volume and texture properties of steamed bread

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样品比容(mL/g)硬度(g)弹性(mm)咀嚼性内聚性回复性
沙棘果渣玉米面馒头1.580±0.012b5391.923±30.385a0.741±0.043b2528.992±27.579a0.631±0.026b0.278±0.036b
玉米面馒头1.845±0.011a3710.786±97.647b0.783±0.024a1925.098±15.894b0.678±0.039a0.316±0.046a
), ArticleFig(id=1321170383642932068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

馒头比容、质构测定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品比容(mL/g)硬度(g)弹性(mm)咀嚼性内聚性回复性
沙棘果渣玉米面馒头1.580±0.012b5391.923±30.385a0.741±0.043b2528.992±27.579a0.631±0.026b0.278±0.036b
玉米面馒头1.845±0.011a3710.786±97.647b0.783±0.024a1925.098±15.894b0.678±0.039a0.316±0.046a
), ArticleFig(id=1321170383718429541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Determination results of basic components in steamed bread

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指标成分含量(每100 g样品)
沙棘果渣玉米面馒头玉米面馒头
水分(g)44.52±0.20a44.37±0.21b
蛋白质(g)5.98±0.02a5.36±0.02b
脂肪(g)2.64±0.03a2.20±0.01b
灰分(g)0.83±0.00a0.45±0.00b
), ArticleFig(id=1321170383789732710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

馒头基本成分测定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标成分含量(每100 g样品)
沙棘果渣玉米面馒头玉米面馒头
水分(g)44.52±0.20a44.37±0.21b
蛋白质(g)5.98±0.02a5.36±0.02b
脂肪(g)2.64±0.03a2.20±0.01b
灰分(g)0.83±0.00a0.45±0.00b
), ArticleFig(id=1321170383877813095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Predicted glycemic index values of steamed bread

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测定指标玉米面馒头沙棘果渣玉米面馒头
HI62.69±0.54a58.59±1.27b
eGI74.12±0.29a71.87±0.69b
), ArticleFig(id=1321170383961699176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

馒头血糖生成指数预测值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测定指标玉米面馒头沙棘果渣玉米面馒头
HI62.69±0.54a58.59±1.27b
eGI74.12±0.29a71.87±0.69b
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响应面法优化沙棘果渣玉米面馒头配方及其品质分析
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曾鹏 1 , 秦永萍 1 , 房丹丹 1, 2, * , 陈麟 1, 2
食品工业科技 | 工艺技术 2026,47(3): 244-253
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食品工业科技 |工艺技术 2026 , 47 (3) : 244 -253
响应面法优化沙棘果渣玉米面馒头配方及其品质分析
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[Author(id=1321170375631811362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=977692395@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1321170375698920228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, authorId=1321170375631811362, language=EN, stringName=Peng ZENG, firstName=Peng, middleName=null, lastName=ZENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Xinjiang Institute of Technology, Aksu 843000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1321170375787000613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170371206820610, authorId=1321170375631811362, language=CN, stringName=曾鹏, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1新疆理工学院 食品安全与营养实验教学示范中心,新疆阿克苏 843000, bio={"content":"

曾鹏(2004−),男,大学本科,研究方向:食品营养与检验教育,E-mail:

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曾鹏(2004−),男,大学本科,研究方向:食品营养与检验教育,E-mail:

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曾鹏1 , 秦永萍1, 房丹丹1, 2, * , 陈麟1, 2
作者信息
  • 1新疆理工学院 食品安全与营养实验教学示范中心,新疆阿克苏 843000
  • 2新疆黑木耳工程技术研究中心,新疆阿克苏 843000
通讯作者:
房丹丹(1987−),女,硕士,副教授,研究方向:食品加工与感官评价,E-mail:。
作者简介:

曾鹏(2004−),男,大学本科,研究方向:食品营养与检验教育,E-mail:

Optimization of Sea Buckthorn Pomace Cornmeal Steamed Bread Formulation Using Response Surface Methodology and Its Quality Analysis
Peng ZENG1 , Yongping QIN1, Dandan FANG1, 2, * , Lin CHEN1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Xinjiang Institute of Technology, Aksu 843000, China
  • 2Xinjiang Auricula Engineering Technology Research Center, Aksu 843000, China
出版时间: 2026-02-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020100
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研究玉米面、沙棘果渣、酵母的添加量以及发酵时间对馒头感官评价的影响。基于单因素感官评分,运用Box-Behnken试验设计优化沙棘果渣玉米面馒头的配方。以不添加沙棘果渣的馒头作为对照组,对其品质特性、抗氧化活性、体外消化以及模拟沙棘果渣玉米面馒头的血糖生成指数等进行分析。结果表明,馒头最优配方为:取100 g中筋小麦粉,添加44%玉米面、添加4%沙棘果渣、添加1.5%酵母、发酵时间为50 min。该配方下制备的馒头感官评分为97.10,与预测值97.29相近。沙棘果渣对馒头比容、质构、风味均有显著影响。采用最佳配方制作的沙棘果渣玉米面馒头,其多酚含量为0.033 mg/g,黄酮含量为0.21 mg/g、DPPH和ABTS+的自由基清除率分别达到23.15%和54.46%。经体外消化发现,添加沙棘果渣的馒头能够降低血糖生成指数值,降低淀粉消化速率,其预测血糖生成指数(expected glycemic index,eGI)为71.87,属于中GI食品。为沙棘果渣在馒头制品方面的应用提供参考。

沙棘果渣  /  玉米面  /  馒头  /  响应面法  /  抗氧化  /  预测血糖生成指数

In this study, the effects of corn flour content, sea buckthorn pomace, yeast dosage, and fermentation time on the sensory evaluation of steamed bread were investigated. Based on single-factor experiments sensory scoring, a Box-Behnken experimental design was employed to optimize the formulation of sea buckthorn pomace-corn flour-steamed bread. Analyses were conducted on the quality characteristics, antioxidant activity, in vitro digestibility, and expected glycemic index (eGI) of the optimized product while using steamed bread without sea buckthorn pomace as a control. The results demonstrated that the optimal formulation was 100 g of medium-gluten wheat flour supplemented with 44% corn flour, 4% sea buckthorn pomace, and 1.5% yeast and a fermentation time of 50 min. The sensory score of steamed bread prepared with this formulation was 97.10, closely matching the predicted value of 97.29. Sea buckthorn pomace significantly influenced the specific volume, texture, and flavor of steamed bread. The optimized product contained 0.033 mg/g polyphenols and 0.21 mg/g flavonoids, with DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging rates of 23.15% and 54.46%, respectively. In vitro digestion tests revealed that incorporating sea buckthorn pomace reduced both the glycemic index value and starch digestion rate, yielding an expected glycemic index (eGI) of 71.87, classifying it as a medium-GI food. This study provides a theoretical reference for applying sea buckthorn pomace to steamed bread products.

sea buckthorn pomace  /  cornmeal  /  steamed bread  /  response surface methodology  /  antioxidant activity  /  expected glycemic index
曾鹏, 秦永萍, 房丹丹, 陈麟. 响应面法优化沙棘果渣玉米面馒头配方及其品质分析. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (3) : 244 -253 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020100
Peng ZENG, Yongping QIN, Dandan FANG, Lin CHEN. Optimization of Sea Buckthorn Pomace Cornmeal Steamed Bread Formulation Using Response Surface Methodology and Its Quality Analysis[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (3) : 244 -253 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020100
沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.),隶属于胡秃子科,为落叶型灌木。中国是世界上沙棘资源最多的国家之一,占世界总产量的90%[1]。沙棘是一种被称为“绿色黄金”的植物,它含有丰富的营养物质,具有延缓衰老、抗氧化、抗辐射、抗癌等作用[2−3]。据相关数据显示,中国沙棘产业每年产生的废弃果渣量达到数百万吨[4],而沙棘果渣中依然含有丰富的营养物质,包括多酚、黄酮、氨基酸、维生素和多糖等成分[5−6],这不仅对环境造成了污染,同时也是对资源的一种浪费。
目前国内外关于沙棘果渣的研究主要集中在成分提取、利用与饲料应用方面。崔蔚然等[7]探究了沙棘果渣膳食纤维对吸附丙烯酰胺的影响和体内外吸附稳定性,结果表明,添加8 mg/mL沙棘果渣膳食纤维对丙烯酰胺的吸附率最大且具有较好的体内外稳定性。裴龙英等[8]利用超声波辅助提取沙棘果渣中的色素成分,研究其使用条件得出,沙棘果渣色素在70 ℃以下稳定性较强,且自然光照射对其破坏性较强。Wu等[9]采用不同溶剂结合超声辅助法提取沙棘果渣中的不同活性成分,探究了多酚提取物与抗氧化性能的相关性,得出沙棘果渣可成为天然酚类物质和抗氧化剂的宝贵来源。Qin等[10]研究了在饲料中添加沙棘果渣对羔羊品质的影响,研究结果表明沙棘果渣用作羔羊饲料可增加羔羊肌肉质量,改善肉的嫩度、持水性和抗氧化能力。
玉米作为我国第二位的粮食作物,具有很高的营养价值,可以预防便秘、癌症[11−12]。馒头作为中国传统主食之一,长期以来深受人们喜爱。传统上,馒头主要以小麦粉为原料制作。随着生活水平的提高,人们对主食的需求不再局限于单一的口感和营养价值,而是更加注重营养性和多样性。为满足这一需求,食品研究者们开始探索在馒头制作中加入绿茶粉[13]、香菇粉[14]、改性膳食纤维[15]等,以提升其营养价值和口感多样性,但鲜有以沙棘果渣为原料研制粗粮馒头的研究报道。因此,本实验将玉米面和沙棘果渣以一定比例与小麦粉混合,通过响应面法优化沙棘果渣玉米面馒头的配方,并探究该配方下馒头的风味、抗氧化活性、消化特性等指标,对拓展粗粮馒头的市场及沙棘果渣资源的综合利用具有重要参考价值。
小麦粉 阿克苏华星面粉有限公司;玉米面、白面包 市售;沙棘果渣(干品) 新疆达尔生物科技有限公司;酵母 安琪酵母股份有限公司;DPPH试剂、ABTS试剂 山东西亚化学股份有限公司;福林酚、芦丁标准品、糖化酶(≥10万 U/g)、猪胰腺α-淀粉酶(9 U/mg) 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;无水乙醇 国药集团化学试剂有限公司;过硫酸钾、无水碳酸钠 天津市光复百世化工有限公司;水杨酸 天津市永大化学试剂有限公司;没食子酸 天津市光复精细化工研究所;硝酸铝、乙酸钠、氢氧化钠、结晶乙酸钠 天津市鑫铂特化工有限公司,均为分析纯试剂。
SB-3200DTD型超声波清洗机 宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司;SHA-C型水浴恒温振荡器、HWS-24型恒温水浴锅 上海精密仪器仪表有限公司;TA.Touch质构仪 上海保圣实业发展有限公司;UV759型紫外可见分光光度计、JA3003N型佑科电子天平 上海佑科仪器仪表有限公司;TG16-WS型高速离心机 常州市金坛友联仪器研究所;GZX-9030MBE型电热鼓风干燥箱 上海博迅医疗生物仪器股份有限公司;C-PEN3型电子鼻 北京怡诺威腾科技发展有限公司;DZF-6050型真空干燥箱 上海一恒科学仪器有限公司;FD-1A-50型冷冻干燥机 江苏天翎仪器有限公司。
参考刘维汐等[16]方法清洗沙棘果渣,粉碎过筛备用。馒头制作工艺为:适量温水和面→发酵(37 ℃)→分割→醒发(30 min)→沸水蒸制(20 min)→静置。对照组选用普通玉米面馒头,玉米面馒头的配方为:取100 g中筋小麦粉,添加50%玉米面、添加1.5%酵母、发酵时间50 min;和面时不添加沙棘果渣,其余加工工艺与沙棘果渣玉米面馒头相同。
沙棘果渣玉米面馒头的配方为:取100 g中筋小麦粉,添加50%玉米面、添加3%沙棘果渣、添加1.5%酵母、发酵时间50 min。分别设置玉米面添加量(40%、45%、50%、55%、60%),沙棘果渣质量分数(2%、3%、4%、5%、6%),酵母质量分数(0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%),发酵时间(30、40、50、60、70 min)作为参考因素,对馒头的感官评分进行测定。
运用Design-Expert10软件,通过三因素三水平的试验设计,分析玉米面添加量、沙棘果渣添加量和酵母添加量对感官评分的影响,并进行响应面优化。因素及水平设计如表1。
参考叶双灵等[17]方法并略作修改,得到沙棘果渣玉米面馒头感官评价标准,如表2所示。由10位具有感官经验的食品专业学生(男女比例为1:1),按照评分标准对馒头的表面色泽、外观形状、气味、内部结构、口感进行感官评定,重复三次取平均值。
参考朱翠玲等[14]方法并略作修改。采用小米置换法对馒头的体积进行测定,电子天平测定馒头质量,重复测定3次,取平均值。计算公式如下:
$ \mathrm{\lambda }=\frac{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{m}} $
式中:λ表示馒头比容(mL/g);V表示馒头体积(mL);m表示馒头质量(g)。
参考饶颖等[18]方法并略作修改。将蒸制完成的馒头置于室温环境下自然冷却。采用标准切片法,选取厚度为25 mm的中间部分样品,并将其固定于测试探头下方。实验参数设置如下:下压位移为10 mm,选用TA/36柱形探头作为测试探头。测试前速率为3.0 mm/s,测试中速度为1.0 mm/s,测试后速度为1.0 mm/s,时间间隔设定为5.0 s。重复3次实验,取平均值。
参考张佳丽等[19]方法并略作修改。电子鼻包含10个不同的传感器阵列,其检测物质如表3所示。分别称取3.00 g馒头,立即装入15 mL电子鼻样品瓶中,室温下密封放置30 min,用PEN3型电子鼻进行测定。重复测定3次。
测定最优配方下的沙棘果渣玉米面馒头的基本成分,以不添加沙棘果渣的玉米面馒头为对照组。参考GB 5009-2016,对馒头进行水分、灰分、蛋白质、脂肪的基本成分测定。
参考王敬涵等[20]方法并略作修改。将馒头内芯预冷24 h后真空冷冻干燥,粉碎,制得馒头粉。将10.0 g馒头粉添加到100 mL的80%乙醇中,然后在37 ℃下水浴振荡2 h,37 ℃下超声提取15 min,以2500 r/min的速度离心10 min,获得提取液。
参考Guo等[21]方法并略作修改。取0.5 mL提取液,与9.5 mL蒸馏水、0.5 mL福林酚混匀,加入1.5 mL 20%的碳酸钠溶液,避光1 h后,在波长760 nm处测定吸光值。以没食子酸含量(mg/mL)为横坐标、吸光度值为纵坐标绘制标准曲线,制得标准曲线为y=1.6938x+0.014,R2=0.9936。
参考Ma等[22]方法并略作修改。取2 mL提取液、0.3 mL 10%的硝酸铝溶液于试管中,室温下静置6 min,再加入0.3 mL 5%的亚硝酸钠溶液,室温下静置6 min,加入4 mL 40%的氢氧化钠溶液,室温下静置15 min,在波长510 nm处测定吸光值。以芦丁含量(mg/mL)为横坐标、吸光度值为纵坐标绘制标准曲线,制得标准曲线为y=7.217x+0.0972,R2=0.9913。
参考江梦影等[23]的方法并略作修改。各取2 mL DPPH自由基乙醇溶液和提取液混合。以无水乙醇为对照组,以蒸馏水为空白组,波长517 nm处测定吸光值。
$ \mathrm{D}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{自}\mathrm{由}\mathrm{基}\mathrm{清}\mathrm{除}\mathrm{率}({\text{%}})=\left(1-\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{1}-{\mathrm{A}}_{2}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{0}}\right)\times 100 $
式中:A0表示DPPH试剂与蒸馏水的吸光值;A1表示DPPH试剂与提取液的吸光值;A2表示乙醇与提取液的吸光值。
参考Xiao等[24]的方法并略作修改。将ABTS和K2S2O8等体积混合后,放置12 h。稀释至在734 nm下吸收值为0.7±0.02。在进行测定时,取0.4 mL的提取液与3 mL的ABTS试剂在暗环境下混合,室温下静置6 min后,用无水乙醇替代提取液作对照,在734 nm波长处测定吸光值。
$ \mathrm{A}\mathrm{B}\mathrm{T}{\mathrm{S}}^+\mathrm{自}\mathrm{由}\mathrm{基}\mathrm{清}\mathrm{除}\mathrm{率}({\text{%}})=\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{0}-\mathrm{A}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{0}}\times 100 $
式中:A0表示ABTS试剂与乙醇的吸光值;A表示ABTS试剂与提取液的吸光值。
参考Agama-Acevedo等[25]的方法并略作修改,对馒头样品中的总淀粉含量进行测定。分别制备不同浓度梯度的葡萄糖标准溶液(0、0.02、0.04、0.08、0.10、0.12 mg/mL),在540 nm波长处测定各标准溶液的吸光值。以葡萄糖浓度(mg/mL)为横坐标、吸光度值为纵坐标,绘制标准曲线,并拟合得到线性回归方程:y=0.5007x−0.1579,R2=0.9970。参考孙康娜等[26]的方法制备还原糖提取液,使用3,5-二硝基水杨酸法测定还原糖含量。每组样品重复3次实验,取平均值。
$ \mathrm{总}\mathrm{淀}\mathrm{粉}\mathrm{含}\mathrm{量}({\text{%}})=\mathrm{葡}\mathrm{萄}\mathrm{糖}\mathrm{当}\mathrm{量}\times 0.9 $
参照汪雅馨等[27]的方法并略作修改。称取1 g馒头粉,与10 mL的混合酶液(0.01 g糖化酶、0.32 g猪胰腺α-淀粉酶)、20 mL的醋酸钠缓冲液(pH5.2)充分混匀,进行37 ℃恒温水浴振荡。在反应开始后的0、30、60、90、120、180 min时间点分别取样1 mL、加入4 mL无水乙醇在2500 r/min下离心10 min,使用3,5-二硝基水杨酸法测定溶液上清液的葡萄糖含量,并计算淀粉水解率。
$ {\mathrm{淀}\mathrm{粉}\mathrm{水}\mathrm{解}\mathrm{率}({\text{%}})=\dfrac{\mathrm{提}\mathrm{取}\mathrm{液}\mathrm{在}\mathrm{取}\mathrm{样}\mathrm{点}\mathrm{的}\mathrm{葡}\mathrm{萄}\mathrm{糖}\mathrm{当}\mathrm{量}\times 0.9}{\mathrm{总}\mathrm{淀}\mathrm{粉}\mathrm{含}\mathrm{量}}\times 100 }$
以时间(min)作为横轴坐标,以淀粉水解速率(%)作为纵轴坐标,绘制对应的曲线。HI为淀粉水解指数,表示样品和白面包对照品在0~180 min内水解曲线面积之比;eGI表示样品的预测血糖生成指数。
$ \mathrm{H}\mathrm{I}=\frac{\mathrm{样}\mathrm{品}\mathrm{淀}\mathrm{粉}\mathrm{水}\mathrm{解}\mathrm{曲}\mathrm{线}\mathrm{围}\mathrm{成}\mathrm{的}\mathrm{面}\mathrm{积}}{\mathrm{对}\mathrm{照}\mathrm{品}\mathrm{淀}\mathrm{粉}\mathrm{水}\mathrm{解}\mathrm{曲}\mathrm{线}\mathrm{围}\mathrm{成}\mathrm{的}\mathrm{面}\mathrm{积}} $
$ \mathrm{e}\mathrm{G}\mathrm{I}=0.549\times \mathrm{H}\mathrm{I}+39.71 $
各组数据重复测定3次,结果采用平均值±标准偏差(SD)表示,采用SPSS软件进行显著性分析(显著水平为P<0.05),用Origin2021软件对馒头各指标进行统计分析与作图。运用Design-Expert10软件进行响应面设计分析。
由图1可知,当玉米面添加至45%时,感官评分最高。随着玉米面比例的增大,馒头的感官评分显著降低(P<0.05),这是由于玉米面中缺乏面筋蛋白,无法为面团提供黏弾特性,阻碍了面团中面筋网络结构的形成[28],且含有大量的天然色素,随着玉米面的增加,馒头色泽变暗,体积变小[29],从而影响了馒头的整体外观。因此,将玉米面添加量定为40%~50%之间。
由图2可知,沙棘果渣添加量对馒头的感官评分影响显著(P<0.05),在沙棘果渣添加量为4%时,感官评分最高,馒头有沙棘香气,软硬适中;超过4%,馒头表面果渣颗粒感增加,口感粗糙。感官评分出现先升后降的现象是因为沙棘果渣粉的颗粒较大,少量的沙棘果渣在面团中形成了更多的空隙,使面团体积增大[30],并且沙棘果渣中的膳食纤维能够稀释面团中面筋含量,使面团适度胀润,提高疏松度;但当沙棘果渣添加量较高时,沙棘气味过重,不利于整体风味感知,且大量沙棘果渣粉破坏了面筋网络结构,导致面团的结合力变弱,影响气体保留,使得馒头变硬[31]。因此,将沙棘果渣添加量定为3%~5%之间。
由图3可知,酵母的添加量对馒头的感官评分影响显著(P<0.05),感官评分呈现先上升后急剧下降的趋势,当酵母添加量小于1.5%时,馒头面团较硬,发酵不充分,口感较差;当酵母添加量为1.5%时,感官评分达到最大值,说明该添加量下的馒头,软硬适中,口感更好;当酵母添加量大于1.5%时,面团发酵速度加快,在发酵时导致面团塌陷,内部气孔偏小,严重影响馒头口感,导致感官评分下降[32]。因此,将酵母添加量定为1.0%~2.0%之间。
由图4可知,发酵时间对馒头的感官评分影响显著(P<0.05),随着发酵时间的增加,馒头感官评分呈现出先升后降的趋势。当发酵时间为50 min时馒头的感官评分达到最大值,此时,馒头的表皮光滑,气孔分布均匀,口感较好。当发酵时间低于50 min时,馒头较硬,咬劲差。这可能是由于发酵时间过短,酵母产气不足,使馒头不松软;而发酵时间过长使得酵母活性增强,形成较大的蜂窝状气泡,造成馒头塌陷,对馒头的感官评分造成影响[33]。因此,确定馒头的最佳发酵时间为50 min。
在单因素实验基础上,固定馒头发酵时间为50 min,以感官评分值为响应值,选用玉米面添加量、沙棘果渣添加量、酵母添加量三个因素开展响应面优化试验。响应面的设计方案及其试验结果如表4所示。
由表5可知,该模型P值<0.0001,具有极显著性,且失拟项不显著,模型的R2=0.9864、R2Adj=0.9690,说明该模拟实验数据具有可信度。在模型各项系数中,一次项玉米面添加量(A)、沙棘果渣添加量(B)、玉米面添加量和沙棘果渣添加量的交互项(AB)都具有极显著性(P<0.01),酵母添加量(C)、玉米面添加量和酵母添加量的交互项(AC)具有显著性(P<0.05);玉米面添加量二次项(A2)、沙棘果渣添加量二次项(B2)、酵母添加量二次项(C2)均具有极显著性差异(P<0.0001)。
将表4及表5中的数据通过Design-Expert 10软件进行回归分析和拟合处理,得到方程模型为:Y=96.80−2.50×A−1.25×B−0.88×C−3.63×AB+1.12×AC+0.12×BC−3.96×A2−5.96×B2−3.96×C2。
由图5、图6可知,交互项AB、AC的等高线图呈椭圆形且具有比较陡的曲面坡度,表明玉米面添加量和沙棘果渣添加量、玉米面添加量和酵母添加量的交互作用更显著,对沙棘果渣玉米面馒头的感官品质影响较大。通过观察等高线之间间隔的紧密程度以及整体形状,可以推断出玉米面和沙棘果渣添加量的相互作用比玉米面和酵母添加量的相互作用更为显著,这与方差分析的结果相吻合。
经Design-Expert软件分析,获得沙棘果渣玉米面馒头的最优配方为玉米面添加量43.31%、沙棘果渣添加量3.99%、酵母添加量1.42%,此时的感官评分为97.29。为方便实际操作,将沙棘果渣玉米面馒头配方修正为:玉米面添加量44%、沙棘果渣添加量4%、酵母添加量1.5%,重复进行3次验证实验,得出此配方下的沙棘果渣玉米面馒头的感官评分为97.10,与理论感官评分相近,说明该模型真实可靠,具有一定的应用价值。
馒头品质的评价标准包括比容、硬度、弹性、咀嚼性、内聚性和回复性。其中弹性、内聚性和回复性与馒头的品质呈正相关关系,其硬度和咀嚼性与馒头的品质呈负相关关系[34]。由表6、图7可知,添加沙棘果渣后,馒头的比容、弹性、回复性、内聚性均显著降低(P<0.05),硬度、咀嚼性均显著增加(P<0.05)。这可能是由于沙棘果渣中富含膳食纤维,影响淀粉的吸水膨胀,导致馒头的硬度和咀嚼性增加[35],对应的馒头比容降低。沙棘果渣的添加会稀释面团中面筋蛋白的含量,导致面筋网络结构无法正常形成[36],使得沙棘果渣玉米面馒头的内部结构变得粗糙,从而导致其弹性、内聚性和回复性均降低。
由图7所示,沙棘果渣玉米面馒头与玉米面馒头在外观形态上均呈现出良好的圆润饱满特征。但沙棘果渣玉米面馒头的质地相对粗糙,气孔分布不均且孔径大小不一;相比之下,玉米面馒头的孔隙结构更为细腻,气孔细小且分布均匀,其口感会更适宜。
利用电子鼻检测馒头挥发性风味成分,结果如图8所示,与玉米面馒头相比,添加了沙棘果渣的玉米面馒头在W1S、W1W、W2S、W2W传感器中的响应值较高,表明添加沙棘果渣后,馒头含有更多的甲基类、硫化物、醇类等挥发性成分,这与沙棘果渣本身风味成分有关[37],在一定程度上增强了馒头的香气。
对电子鼻测定到的信号数据进行主成分分析,进而研究沙棘果渣对玉米面馒头挥发性风味成分的影响。由图9可知,第一主成分PC1和第二主成分PC2的贡献率分别为86.2%、8.5%,并且第一主成分PC1和第二主成分PC2的累计贡献率达到94.7%(>85%),表明PC1、PC2足以代表样品的整体信息[38]。沙棘果渣玉米面馒头与玉米面馒头样品相互分离,说明沙棘果渣对玉米面馒头的挥发性风味成分影响显著。因此,结合传感器响应值分析添加沙棘果渣,对于馒头的挥发性风味有改善作用。
水分含量对于馒头的口感和整体品质具有重要作用。由表7可知,两组馒头均展现出较高的含水量,根据GB/T 21118-2007《小麦粉馒头》标准,馒头水分含量低于45%,所测两组馒头均符合要求。此外,沙棘果渣玉米面馒头中的蛋白质、脂肪、灰分含量均显著高于不添加沙棘果渣的玉米面馒头(P<0.05)。综上,添加沙棘果渣提高了馒头的营养价值。
黄酮和多酚有着抗氧化、抗菌和抗炎等丰富的生物活性,这些性质对改善人体健康水平有着积极的作用[39−40]。由图10(a)可知,玉米面馒头和沙棘果渣玉米面馒头的黄酮含量分别为0.18、0.21 mg/g;多酚含量分别为0.024、0.033 mg/g。沙棘果渣的加入使玉米面馒头的多酚和黄酮含量显著提高(P<0.05)。这与沙棘果渣本身有着丰富的黄酮和多酚有关[41]。
由图10(b)可知,玉米面馒头和沙棘果渣玉米面馒头的DPPH自由基清除率分别为11.22%、23.15%;两组ABTS+自由基清除率分别为19.40%、54.46%。添加沙棘果渣对馒头的抗氧化能力提升有显著作用(P<0.05)。此外,图中两组馒头的黄酮和多酚含量与其对应的DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除能力之间呈较好的正相关,这与李东香等[42]研究结果一致。综上,馒头中添加沙棘果渣能够提高其抗氧化能力。
由图11可知,各组淀粉消化率均随消化时间的增加而增大,在被消化0~30 min时,淀粉消化速率最快,但沙棘果渣玉米面馒头的淀粉消化速率比玉米面馒头低。随着消化过程的持续进行,淀粉消化的速率减慢,在120 min后呈稳定趋势。在淀粉消化的整个过程中,白面包淀粉水解率达到60.60%,沙棘果渣玉米面馒头和玉米面馒头淀粉水解率分别为40.40%、42.50%。沙棘果渣玉米面馒头较玉米面馒头的淀粉水解速度更平缓且淀粉水解率均低于白面包。这主要是因为沙棘果渣和玉米面均富含膳食纤维[43−44],其网状结构有助于延缓碳水化合物的消化,从而减慢淀粉的分解速度;并且丰富的膳食纤维有助于延长饱腹感,满足了减肥人群的需求[45]。
血糖生成指数(glycaemic index,GI)是评估食物摄入后对人体血糖水平影响的重要指标。根据GI值的不同,食品可被划分为三类:GI值>75的高血糖食品、GI值为55~75的中血糖食品以及GI值<55的低血糖食品[46]。预测血糖生成指数(expected glycemic index,eGI)是反映馒头淀粉分解速度的重要指标,其结果与体内淀粉消化试验结果呈现正相关,有助于理解淀粉的吸收与代谢[47]。以沙棘果渣玉米面馒头为研究对象,采用eGI对馒头进行体外血糖指数预测。由表8可知,添加沙棘果渣对馒头的HI、eGI具有显著降低的效果,馒头的eGI由74.12显著降低至71.87(P<0.05)。因此,添加沙棘果渣能够降低馒头的体外血糖生成指数,并且沙棘果渣玉米面馒头的eGI值为71.87属于中GI食品。
本文以响应面法优化沙棘果渣玉米面馒头的配方,通过探究玉米面添加量、沙棘果渣添加量、酵母添加量、发酵时间对馒头感官指标的影响,最终确定沙棘果渣玉米面馒头的最优配方为:取100 g中筋小麦粉,添加44%玉米面、添加4%沙棘果渣、添加1.5%酵母、发酵时间为50 min。经响应面分析,该模型显著,且回归方程拟合度良好。采用此配方制作的沙棘果渣馒头具有表面光滑、弹性佳的特点,同时兼具良好的挥发性风味和丰富的营养价值。
向馒头中添加沙棘果渣,对馒头的抗氧化性能和淀粉消化特性均产生影响。实验结果显示,随着沙棘果渣的加入,馒头中的黄酮和多酚含量显著增加(P<0.05),并且DPPH和ABTS+自由基清除能力也同样显著增强(P<0.05),证明向馒头中添加沙棘果渣可以改善馒头的抗氧化性;并且沙棘果渣玉米面馒头中的膳食纤维能够降低淀粉的消化速率,起到降低血糖指数的作用,其预测血糖生成指数为71.87,属于中GI食品。本研究为沙棘果渣玉米面馒头的工业化生产及深入研究奠定了理论基础,拓展了沙棘果渣的应用领域。

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2026年第47卷第3期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020100
  • 接收时间:2025-02-17
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2026-02-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-17
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    1新疆理工学院 食品安全与营养实验教学示范中心,新疆阿克苏 843000
    2新疆黑木耳工程技术研究中心,新疆阿克苏 843000

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房丹丹(1987−),女,硕士,副教授,研究方向:食品加工与感官评价,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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