Article(id=1321170340273836404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1321170163563614210, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010086, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736352000000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792921155278, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1769875200000, pubDateStr=2026-02-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921155278, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921155278, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921155278, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321170163563614210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='497', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769875200000', pubDateStr='2026-02-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921113148, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921113148, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=361, endPage=374, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321170340533883253, articleId=1321170340273836404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of Cellulase-assisted Ethanol Aqueous Extraction on the Storage Stability of Rapeseed Oils, columnId=1261343845820805453, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Storage and Preservation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, in order to investigate the storage stability of rapeseed oil prepared by cellulase-assisted ethanol aqueous extraction processing (C-EAEP), the experimental design of C-EAEP oil, heat-treated C-EAEP oil, traditional hot-pressed oil, and tertiary commercial oil were used as research objects. and stored under accelerated oxidative conditions for 28 d. Changes in the physicochemical indexes, vitamin E contents, fatty acid compositions, and volatile flavour compositions of the four groups of samples were measured every 7 d during the storage cycle. The results showed that the C-EAEP process significantly improved the storage stability of rapeseed oil. During the storage period, the increase in peroxide value and acid value of C-EAEP oil on day 28 was lower than that of conventional hot-pressed oil and tertiary commercial oil, and the retention of total vitamin E was higher, among which the α-VE content of the unheat-treated C-EAEP oil maintained more than 40 mg/100 g on day 28, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). In addition, the rate of oxidative degradation of unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., oleic acid and linolenic acid) was lower in C-EAEP oil, and the total unsaturated fatty acid content was stable at 87.24%~88.65% after storage, which was higher than that of traditional hot-pressed oil and tertiary commercial oil. Fatty acid composition analysis showed that the content of C18:1 in C-EAEP oil changed from 28.21% to 28.47% after 28 days of storage, which was lower than that of tertiary commercial oils and traditional hot-pressed oils, whereas the content of C18:1 in heat-treated C-EAEP oil was significantly increased to 30.39%~30.86% (P<0.05) and the content of erucic acid (C22:1) was reduced, with better health attributes. Flavour analysis showed that the low temperature process inhibited the production of nitriles (2-butenenitrile) in the thioglycoside degradation products of C-EAEP oil, but the heat treatment activated the enzymatic reaction, which led to the enrichment of pyrazines (2,5-dimethylpyrazine) and furans (2-pentylfuran), with the contents of 9.23% and 5.13% in the late stage of storage, respectively, which conferred a stronger baking flavour of the oil. The oil had a stronger roasted flavour. Electronic nose analysis further showed that in the pre-storage period, the response values of heat-treated C-EAEP oil to the PA/2 and P70/2 sensors were higher than those of the other three groups of rapeseed oils, and in the late storage period the response values of heat-treated C-EAEP oil to the PA/2, P70/2 and T30/1 sensors were significantly increased to produce a richer amount of alcohols, organic amines, aromatic compounds, etc., with enhanced flavour. In conclusion, the C-EAEP process effectively preserved the natural antioxidant components of the oils and fats through low-temperature enzymatic hydrolysis to improve storage stability, and the heat treatment could enhance the organoleptic quality by regulating the formation of flavour substances on this basis. It provides an important theoretical reference for the commercial development of C-EAEP rapeseed oil, and has an important role in promoting the development of high-quality rapeseed oil and the industrial application of green oil extraction process.

, authors=Donglei JIANG, Sidi ZHANG, Yijun YAO, Guanjie YANG, Lifeng WANG*, authorsList=Donglei JIANG, Sidi ZHANG, Yijun YAO, Guanjie YANG, Lifeng WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lifeng WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321170343511839102, articleId=1321170340273836404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=纤维素酶辅助乙醇水提法对菜籽油贮藏稳定性的影响, columnId=1261343846517059923, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=贮运保鲜, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究为探究纤维素酶辅助乙醇水提法(Cellulase-assisted Ethanol Aqueous Extraction Processing,C-EAEP)制备菜籽油的贮藏稳定性,试验设计C-EAEP油、热处理后的C-EAEP油、传统热压油、三级商品油为研究对象,在加速氧化条件下贮藏28 d,在贮藏周期内每7 d测定四组样品理化指标、维生素E含量、脂肪酸组成、挥发性风味物质组成的变化。结果表明:C-EAEP工艺显著提升了菜籽油的贮藏稳定性。贮藏期间,C-EAEP油第28 d的过氧化值和酸值增幅均低于传统热压油与三级商品油,且维生素E总量保留率更高,其中未经热处理的C-EAEP油α-VE含量在28 d仍维持40 mg/100 g以上,显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。此外,C-EAEP油的不饱和脂肪酸(如油酸、亚麻酸)氧化降解速率更低,经贮藏后不饱和脂肪酸总量稳定在87.24%~88.65%,高于传统热压油和三级商品油。脂肪酸组成分析显示,C-EAEP油在贮藏28 d后C18:1的含量从28.21%变化至28.47%,低于三级商品油和传统热压油,而热处理后的C-EAEP油中C18:1含量显著提高至30.39%~30.86%(P<0.05),且芥酸(C22:1)含量降低,健康属性更优;风味物质分析表明,C-EAEP油因低温工艺抑制了硫苷降解产物中腈类(如2-丁烯腈)的生成,但热处理后激活酶促反应,促使吡嗪类(如2,5-二甲基吡嗪)和呋喃类物质(如2-戊基呋喃)富集,贮藏后期含量分别达9.23%和5.13%,赋予油品更浓郁的烘烤风味。电子鼻分析进一步显示,在贮藏前期,经热处理的C-EAEP油对PA/2和P70/2传感器的响应值高于其他三组菜籽油,在贮藏后期热处理C-EAEP油对PA/2、P70/2和T30/1传感器的响应值显著增加,产生了较丰富的醇类、有机胺类、芳香化合物等物质,风味增强。综上,C-EAEP工艺通过低温酶解有效保留了油脂天然抗氧化成分,使油脂的氧化稳定性提高,能够延缓酸败,提高贮藏稳定性,在该工艺基础上对C-EAEP油经热处理则可增加风味物质。本研究为C-EAEP菜籽油的商品化开发提供重要的理论参考,对发展高品质菜籽油,绿色油脂提取工艺的工业化应用具有重要的推动作用。

, authors=蒋栋磊, 张思迪, 姚轶俊, 杨冠杰, 王立峰*, authorsList=蒋栋磊, 张思迪, 姚轶俊, 杨冠杰, 王立峰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王立峰, authorNote=

蒋栋磊(1986−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品加工与开发,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
王立峰(1977−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:粮油加工与功能组分开发,E-mail:。
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Biotechnology Advances, 2022, 61: 108045., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321170356895863280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170340273836404, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=61, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIA X, ZHOU Q, WANG J Q, et al. Identification of key aroma-active compounds in sesame oil from microwaved seeds using E-nose and HS-SPME-GC×GC-TOF/MS[J]. 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Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2018, 98(6): 2147−2155., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1321170343797051775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170340273836404, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170343809634688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170340273836404, companyId=1321170343797051775, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170343818023297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170340273836404, companyId=1321170343797051775, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=南京财经大学食品科学与工程学院,江苏省现代粮食流通与安全协同创新中心,江苏南京 210023)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1321170346049393061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170340273836404, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Physicochemical properties of cellulose-assisted ethanol water extraction of rapeseed oil during storage, figureFileSmall=G5BBJGZ1lCvLHW/f81Py/Q==, figureFileBig=nwEJ/xneDX9oGEmWBw7+Ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170346116501926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170340273836404, language=CN, label=图1, caption=纤维素酶辅助乙醇水提菜籽油贮藏期间理化指标

注:A:过氧化值;B:酸值;C:碘值;D:皂化值;图中不同小写字母表示不同工艺间差异显著(P<0.05),图2同。

, figureFileSmall=G5BBJGZ1lCvLHW/f81Py/Q==, figureFileBig=nwEJ/xneDX9oGEmWBw7+Ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170347961995687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170340273836404, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Changes of vitamin E content of cellulose-assisted ethanol water extraction of rapeseed oil during storage, figureFileSmall=yLpPnb8vEa1flnDyo55yAA==, figureFileBig=tkIsvsmSHGDnand6Q1d+3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170348037493160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170340273836404, language=CN, label=图2, caption=纤维素酶辅助乙醇水提菜籽油贮藏期间维生素E含量变化

注:A:α-VE;B:δ-VE;C:γ-VE;D:VE总量。

, figureFileSmall=yLpPnb8vEa1flnDyo55yAA==, figureFileBig=tkIsvsmSHGDnand6Q1d+3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170348108796329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170340273836404, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Radar spectrum of electronic nose during storage of cellulose-assisted ethanol water extraction of rapeseed oil, figureFileSmall=Bk7tn4I1zVnJKCv229k5Mw==, figureFileBig=kOnQ7TECbF03pNzLUflUOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170348180099498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170340273836404, language=CN, label=图3, caption=纤维素酶辅助乙醇水提菜籽油贮藏期间电子鼻雷达图谱

注:A:7 d;B:14 d;C:21 d;D:28 d;图4同。

, figureFileSmall=Bk7tn4I1zVnJKCv229k5Mw==, figureFileBig=kOnQ7TECbF03pNzLUflUOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170348251402667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170340273836404, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Electronic nose PCA of cellulose-assisted ethanol water extraction of rapeseed oil during storage, figureFileSmall=/kF817EgYjp+OMRHk7bwfg==, figureFileBig=j7FjU3ZkHcP0P2gYVxUOeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170348326900140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170340273836404, language=CN, label=图4, caption=纤维素酶辅助乙醇水提菜籽油贮藏期间电子鼻PCA, figureFileSmall=/kF817EgYjp+OMRHk7bwfg==, figureFileBig=j7FjU3ZkHcP0P2gYVxUOeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170348406591917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170340273836404, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Regression equations, determination coefficients, and linear ranges for various vitamin E compounds

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物线性方程决定系数(R2)线性范围(mg/mL)
α-VEY=10198.21X−679.330.99920.25~10
γ-VEY=9769.39X+456.560.99940.25~10
δ-VEY=10893.42X−239.670.99910.25~10
), ArticleFig(id=1321170348477895086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170340273836404, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各维生素E的回归方程、决定系数和线性范围

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物线性方程决定系数(R2)线性范围(mg/mL)
α-VEY=10198.21X−679.330.99920.25~10
γ-VEY=9769.39X+456.560.99940.25~10
δ-VEY=10893.42X−239.670.99910.25~10
), ArticleFig(id=1321170348549198255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170340273836404, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Fatty acid composition of rapeseed oil during storage by different processes (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
脂肪酸组成贮藏天数(d)传统热压油三级商品油C-EAEPC-EAEP(热处理)
C14:000.05±0.01a0.05±0.01a0.06±0.01a0.05±0.00a
70.05±0.00a0.04±0.00a0.06±0.00a0.05±0.01a
140.05±0.00a0.04±0.00a0.06±0.01a0.05±0.01a
210.04±0.00a0.05±0.01a0.06±0.01a0.05±0.00a
280.05±0.01a0.05±0.00a0.05±0.01a0.05±0.00a
C16:003.07±0.03c4.50±0.01a3.15±0.04b3.14±0.04b
72.98±0.04c4.76±0.04a3.26±0.02b3.30±0.02b
143.11±0.06d4.68±0.05a3.28±0.00b3.24±0.08c
213.07±0.04d4.61±0.04a3.42±0.04c3.45±0.07b
283.27±0.04c4.38±0.02a3.24±0.00d3.48±0.08b
C18:001.32±0.04c1.26±0.08d1.42±0.03b1.53±0.03a
71.35±0.04b1.32±0.05c1.61±0.05a1.60±0.04a
141.30±0.02d1.46±0.06c1.55±0.06b1.62±0.06a
211.41±0.01b1.26±0.08d1.35±0.02c1.55±0.02a
281.43±0.02c1.35±0.05d1.63±0.02b1.71±0.10a
C18:1033.42±0.24b38.24±0.19a28.21±0.24d30.39±0.35c
733.29±0.19b37.95±0.11a29.02±0.28d30.86±0.36c
1432.98±0.14b38.15±0.12a29.21±0.20d30.74±0.29c
2133.08±0.16b38.22±0.17a28.75±0.24d30.69±0.33c
2832.73±0.17b38.73±0.19a28.47±0.27d30.52±0.26c
C18:2012.24±0.10d12.88±0.08b13.05±0.14a12.56±0.15c
713.01±0.09a12.59±0.06c12.58±0.09c12.90±0.11b
1413.42±0.04a13.11±0.04b12.96±0.12c13.12±0.09b
2113.29±0.05b12.46±0.04d13.31±0.17a12.84±0.20c
2812.94±0.11b12.36±0.06d13.06±0.05a12.91±0.18c
C18:308.73±0.06c8.89±0.13b8.69±0.21d9.06±0.23a
78.16±0.04d8.77±0.08b8.65±0.17c8.96±0.17a
148.32±0.03d8.43±0.05c8.83±0.08a8.48±0.15b
218.28±0.04d8.81±0.06a8.51±0.20c8.76±0.18b
288.41±0.04c8.64±0.13b8.62±0.16b8.84±0.20a
C20:000.59±0.02c0.69±0.03a0.67±0.00b0.67±0.01b
70.63±0.02c0.71±0.01b0.72±0.01a0.62±0.04c
140.72±0.01c0.80±0.01a0.59±0.01d0.75±0.02b
210.70±0.00d0.72±0.02c0.77±0.02a0.75±0.05b
280.68±0.02c0.81±0.03a0.81±0.02a0.72±0.04b
C20:1013.19±0.29c11.99±0.23d13.58±0.06b13.63±0.02a
713.22±0.24c12.13±0.16d14.28±0.05a14.08±0.01b
1413.18±0.22c12.18±0.14d14.07±0.08a13.91±0.05b
2113.27±0.19c11.85±0.17d13.65±0.09a13.63±0.02b
2813.01±0.13c12.49±0.10d13.75±0.11b14.01±0.06a
C20:200.33±0.01a0.23±0.01b0.07±0.02c0.06±0.00c
70.36±0.00a0.29±0.00b0.06±0.01d0.07±0.01c
140.29±0.01b0.31±0.01a0.06±0.00c0.05±0.01c
210.30±0.01b0.41±0.02a0.06±0.00c0.06±0.01c
280.41±0.02a0.27±0.01b0.06±0.01c0.06±0.00c
C22:000.32±0.01d0.39±0.00b0.34±0.00c0.44±0.01a
70.28±0.01c0.41±0.01b0.26±0.01d0.52±0.00a
140.42±0.02c0.44±0.01b0.23±0.02d0.56±0.04a
210.40±0.00c0.51±0.00a0.29±0.02d0.47±0.04b
280.32±0.01b0.33±0.01b0.32±0.03b0.39±0.02a
C22:1019.47±0.04c15.09±0.03d24.29±0.22a21.83±0.01b
719.52±0.10c16.31±0.07d23.74±0.22a20.19±0.01b
1420.02±0.13c15.68±0.09d23.99±0.25a20.34±0.02b
2119.62±0.13c15.35±0.10d23.68±0.22a21.04±0.01b
2819.39±0.09c15.22±0.04d23.72±0.24a21.09±0.01b
C22:200.21±0.01a0.18±0.01b0.02±0.00c0.01±0.00c
70.24±0.02a0.12±0.01b0.01±0.00c0.01±0.00c
140.15±0.02a0.14±0.01a0.01±0.00b0.02±0.00b
210.09±0.02b0.14±0.00a0.04±0.00c0.02±0.00d
280.07±0.00b0.13±0.00a0.04±0.01c0.02±0.00d
C24:100.69±0.03b0.72±0.00a0.74±0.00a0.72±0.00a
70.63±0.02d0.74±0.01b0.68±0.02c0.76±0.00a
140.62±0.02b0.69±0.01a0.59±0.01c0.56±0.00d
210.43±0.02c0.63±0.00a0.61±0.00a0.51±0.02b
280.51±0.02b0.63±0.01a0.64±0.00a0.39±0.00c
不饱和脂肪酸087.95±0.23c88.22±0.29b88.65±0.17a87.58±0.35d
787.83±0.21b88.01±0.17a88.02±0.33a87.40±0.26c
1487.48±0.13c88.03±0.18b88.13±0.21a87.22±0.21d
2187.53±0.22b87.37±0.27c87.61±0.14a87.29±0.19d
2887.17±0.18a87.29±0.19a87.24±0.28a87.07±0.32a
饱和脂肪酸012.05±0.11b11.78±0.14c11.35±0.13d12.42±0.09a
712.17±0.14b11.99±0.06c11.98±0.04c12.60±0.10a
1412.52±0.08b11.97±0.11b11.87±0.06c12.78±0.13a
2112.47±0.10c12.63±0.05b12.39±0.08d12.71±0.04a
2812.83±0.07b12.71±0.03c12.76±0.04b12.93±0.12a
), ArticleFig(id=1321170348654055856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170340273836404, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同工艺菜籽油贮藏期间的脂肪酸组成(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
脂肪酸组成贮藏天数(d)传统热压油三级商品油C-EAEPC-EAEP(热处理)
C14:000.05±0.01a0.05±0.01a0.06±0.01a0.05±0.00a
70.05±0.00a0.04±0.00a0.06±0.00a0.05±0.01a
140.05±0.00a0.04±0.00a0.06±0.01a0.05±0.01a
210.04±0.00a0.05±0.01a0.06±0.01a0.05±0.00a
280.05±0.01a0.05±0.00a0.05±0.01a0.05±0.00a
C16:003.07±0.03c4.50±0.01a3.15±0.04b3.14±0.04b
72.98±0.04c4.76±0.04a3.26±0.02b3.30±0.02b
143.11±0.06d4.68±0.05a3.28±0.00b3.24±0.08c
213.07±0.04d4.61±0.04a3.42±0.04c3.45±0.07b
283.27±0.04c4.38±0.02a3.24±0.00d3.48±0.08b
C18:001.32±0.04c1.26±0.08d1.42±0.03b1.53±0.03a
71.35±0.04b1.32±0.05c1.61±0.05a1.60±0.04a
141.30±0.02d1.46±0.06c1.55±0.06b1.62±0.06a
211.41±0.01b1.26±0.08d1.35±0.02c1.55±0.02a
281.43±0.02c1.35±0.05d1.63±0.02b1.71±0.10a
C18:1033.42±0.24b38.24±0.19a28.21±0.24d30.39±0.35c
733.29±0.19b37.95±0.11a29.02±0.28d30.86±0.36c
1432.98±0.14b38.15±0.12a29.21±0.20d30.74±0.29c
2133.08±0.16b38.22±0.17a28.75±0.24d30.69±0.33c
2832.73±0.17b38.73±0.19a28.47±0.27d30.52±0.26c
C18:2012.24±0.10d12.88±0.08b13.05±0.14a12.56±0.15c
713.01±0.09a12.59±0.06c12.58±0.09c12.90±0.11b
1413.42±0.04a13.11±0.04b12.96±0.12c13.12±0.09b
2113.29±0.05b12.46±0.04d13.31±0.17a12.84±0.20c
2812.94±0.11b12.36±0.06d13.06±0.05a12.91±0.18c
C18:308.73±0.06c8.89±0.13b8.69±0.21d9.06±0.23a
78.16±0.04d8.77±0.08b8.65±0.17c8.96±0.17a
148.32±0.03d8.43±0.05c8.83±0.08a8.48±0.15b
218.28±0.04d8.81±0.06a8.51±0.20c8.76±0.18b
288.41±0.04c8.64±0.13b8.62±0.16b8.84±0.20a
C20:000.59±0.02c0.69±0.03a0.67±0.00b0.67±0.01b
70.63±0.02c0.71±0.01b0.72±0.01a0.62±0.04c
140.72±0.01c0.80±0.01a0.59±0.01d0.75±0.02b
210.70±0.00d0.72±0.02c0.77±0.02a0.75±0.05b
280.68±0.02c0.81±0.03a0.81±0.02a0.72±0.04b
C20:1013.19±0.29c11.99±0.23d13.58±0.06b13.63±0.02a
713.22±0.24c12.13±0.16d14.28±0.05a14.08±0.01b
1413.18±0.22c12.18±0.14d14.07±0.08a13.91±0.05b
2113.27±0.19c11.85±0.17d13.65±0.09a13.63±0.02b
2813.01±0.13c12.49±0.10d13.75±0.11b14.01±0.06a
C20:200.33±0.01a0.23±0.01b0.07±0.02c0.06±0.00c
70.36±0.00a0.29±0.00b0.06±0.01d0.07±0.01c
140.29±0.01b0.31±0.01a0.06±0.00c0.05±0.01c
210.30±0.01b0.41±0.02a0.06±0.00c0.06±0.01c
280.41±0.02a0.27±0.01b0.06±0.01c0.06±0.00c
C22:000.32±0.01d0.39±0.00b0.34±0.00c0.44±0.01a
70.28±0.01c0.41±0.01b0.26±0.01d0.52±0.00a
140.42±0.02c0.44±0.01b0.23±0.02d0.56±0.04a
210.40±0.00c0.51±0.00a0.29±0.02d0.47±0.04b
280.32±0.01b0.33±0.01b0.32±0.03b0.39±0.02a
C22:1019.47±0.04c15.09±0.03d24.29±0.22a21.83±0.01b
719.52±0.10c16.31±0.07d23.74±0.22a20.19±0.01b
1420.02±0.13c15.68±0.09d23.99±0.25a20.34±0.02b
2119.62±0.13c15.35±0.10d23.68±0.22a21.04±0.01b
2819.39±0.09c15.22±0.04d23.72±0.24a21.09±0.01b
C22:200.21±0.01a0.18±0.01b0.02±0.00c0.01±0.00c
70.24±0.02a0.12±0.01b0.01±0.00c0.01±0.00c
140.15±0.02a0.14±0.01a0.01±0.00b0.02±0.00b
210.09±0.02b0.14±0.00a0.04±0.00c0.02±0.00d
280.07±0.00b0.13±0.00a0.04±0.01c0.02±0.00d
C24:100.69±0.03b0.72±0.00a0.74±0.00a0.72±0.00a
70.63±0.02d0.74±0.01b0.68±0.02c0.76±0.00a
140.62±0.02b0.69±0.01a0.59±0.01c0.56±0.00d
210.43±0.02c0.63±0.00a0.61±0.00a0.51±0.02b
280.51±0.02b0.63±0.01a0.64±0.00a0.39±0.00c
不饱和脂肪酸087.95±0.23c88.22±0.29b88.65±0.17a87.58±0.35d
787.83±0.21b88.01±0.17a88.02±0.33a87.40±0.26c
1487.48±0.13c88.03±0.18b88.13±0.21a87.22±0.21d
2187.53±0.22b87.37±0.27c87.61±0.14a87.29±0.19d
2887.17±0.18a87.29±0.19a87.24±0.28a87.07±0.32a
饱和脂肪酸012.05±0.11b11.78±0.14c11.35±0.13d12.42±0.09a
712.17±0.14b11.99±0.06c11.98±0.04c12.60±0.10a
1412.52±0.08b11.97±0.11b11.87±0.06c12.78±0.13a
2112.47±0.10c12.63±0.05b12.39±0.08d12.71±0.04a
2812.83±0.07b12.71±0.03c12.76±0.04b12.93±0.12a
), ArticleFig(id=1321170348737941937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170340273836404, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Relative content of volatile flavor substances of rapeseed oil during storage by different processes (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
挥发性风味物质名称工艺相对含量
0 d7 d14 d21 d28 d
2-丁烯腈传统热压油32.7529.4626.8227.2627.83
三级商品油24.2425.0324.9423.6823.54
C-EAEP油−−−−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)0.140.250.260.090.15
3-甲基-3-丁烯腈传统热压油28.3327.2923.3818.2320.99
三级商品油26.6324.7425.9322.9723.01
C-EAEP油18.2317.6818.0417.4318.42
C-EAEP油(热处理)26.4225.7926.2526.7525.88
3-丁烯基异硫氰酸酯传统热压油3.353.123.061.731.68
三级商品油1.511.241.181.091.15
C-EAEP油0.620.320.34−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)3.052.672.414.255.79
5-己腈传统热压油9.7111.046.7910.197.98
三级商品油12.0410.749.6013.058.66
C-EAEP油8.198.247.868.377.06
C-EAEP油(热处理)5.745.706.136.393.62
苯代丙腈传统热压油2.041.934.070.541.43
三级商品油0.721.121.083.653.74
C-EAEP油0.260.35−−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)1.121.081.351.460.91
苯乙腈传统热压油1.212.340.95−−
三级商品油1.080.430.751.581.48
C-EAEP油−−−0.130.24
C-EAEP油(热处理)0.430.640.260.430.31
环丙乙腈传统热压油−−1.463.692.95
三级商品油−−−−−
C-EAEP油−−−−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)−−−−−
环丁腈传统热压油−−−−−
三级商品油−−−−−
C-EAEP油0.040.050.120.060.10
C-EAEP油(热处理)0.100.120.050.140.22
2,4-戊二烯腈传统热压油2.070.522.523.194.08
三级商品油0.030.080.150.380.43
C-EAEP油3.192.792.593.152.67
C-EAEP油(热处理)−0.450.760.840.39
硫苷降解产物类总计传统热压油74.0472.0663.9963.1165.26
三级商品油64.7162.0663.0264.9360.86
C-EAEP油30.4129.1128.6129.1428.49
C-EAEP油(热处理)33.7134.0735.0636.1035.48
糠醛传统热压油10.258.899.538.469.24
三级商品油11.8611.6210.699.3110.42
C-EAEP油8.469.028.558.438.24
C-EAEP油(热处理)10.629.669.7010.3010.23
苯甲醛传统热压油0.620.751.02−−
三级商品油0.310.530.820.130.42
C-EAEP油−−0.210.240.18
C-EAEP油(热处理)0.730.811.121.462.82
苯乙醛传统热压油0.391.050.320.741.20
三级商品油−−−−−
C-EAEP油−−−−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)0.870.460.750.520.45
壬醛传统热压油0.183.142.030.280.10
三级商品油2.221.211.540.680.14
C-EAEP油3.282.972.292.353.28
C-EAEP油(热处理)−0.390.260.170.29
辛醛传统热压油0.360.140.10−−
三级商品油1.030.420.17−−
C-EAEP油−−−−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)−−−−−
2-吡咯甲醛传统热压油0.480.210.730.060.84
三级商品油1.070.240.761.311.47
C-EAEP油−−−−0.08
C-EAEP油(热处理)−−−−−
3-甲基丁醛传统热压油−−−6.215.47
三级商品油−−−−−
C-EAEP油28.2129.0428.6427.9828.34
C-EAEP油(热处理)26.1325.9826.2025.5225.08
2-庚烯醛传统热压油0.640.040.29−0.11
三级商品油0.240.871.262.061.64
C-EAEP油−−−−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)0.080.240.120.050.35
2-噻吩甲醛传统热压油0.170.150.310.590.62
三级商品油0.122.391.822.042.47
C-EAEP油−−−−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)0.390.530.481.020.29
醛类总计传统热压油12.1110.6912.2319.3420.26
三级商品油13.8816.8616.8917.6818.56
C-EAEP油41.2141.0339.6939.0140.04
C-EAEP油(热处理)38.2237.3737.7337.7036.69
辛酸乙酯传统热压油0.490.250.830.561.13
三级商品油0.840.820.761.931.26
C-EAEP油0.560.350.280.460.42
C-EAEP油(热处理)0.821.320.900.760.62
原甲酸三甲酯传统热压油−−−1.122.27
三级商品油0.053.252.902.412.75
C-EAEP油1.241.201.430.941.22
C-EAEP油(热处理)3.253.842.973.424.02
酯类总计传统热压油0.490.250.831.683.40
三级商品油0.894.073.704.344.01
C-EAEP油1.801.551.711.401.64
C-EAEP油(热处理)4.075.163.874.184.64
丙酸传统热压油−−−−−
三级商品油3.463.693.042.932.75
C-EAEP油2.191.862.061.481.56
C-EAEP油(热处理)3.022.842.943.353.70
乙酸传统热压油2.042.231.982.151.90
三级商品油−−−−−
C-EAEP油0.170.560.110.250.37
C-EAEP油(热处理)2.221.942.031.791.85
酸类总计传统热压油2.042.231.982.151.90
三级商品油3.463.693.042.932.75
C-EAEP油2.362.422.171.831.93
C-EAEP油(热处理)5.443.694.975.045.55
3-羟基-2-丁酮传统热压油0.161.140.200.050.06
3-羟基-2-丁酮三级商品油0.130.240.050.110.08
C-EAEP油−−0.050.130.24
C-EAEP油(热处理)0.520.240.080.320.26
3-辛烯-2-酮传统热压油4.232.341.961.562.20
三级商品油2.051.453.011.412.03
C-EAEP油4.284.584.093.623.68
C-EAEP油(热处理)4.974.454.014.413.83
2-庚酮传统热压油0.160.530.160.270.24
三级商品油0.170.060.120.170.11
C-EAEP油−0.07−0.170.14
C-EAEP油(热处理)−0.060.120.17−
3-甲基-4-庚酮传统热压油−0.520.420.930.28
三级商品油−−0.06−−
C-EAEP油−−−−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)−−0.060.250.38
3,5,5-三甲基-1-己烯传统热压油−−1.031.260.85
三级商品油−−−−0.24
C-EAEP油3.973.682.853.243.07
C-EAEP油(热处理)4.953.894.274.162.89
酮类总计传统热压油5.654.533.774.073.63
三级商品油2.351.753.181.692.22
C-EAEP油8.258.336.997.166.89
C-EAEP油(热处理)10.448.648.549.317.36
2-甲基吡嗪传统热压油1.651.061.630.941.22
三级商品油1.781.631.841.421.70
C-EAEP油6.246.316.125.635.95
C-EAEP油(热处理)5.496.135.925.425.78
2,5-二甲基吡嗪传统热压油−−−0.060.13
三级商品油−0.080.140.250.34
C-EAEP油−−−−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)1.250.681.141.252.34
2-乙基-5-甲基吡嗪传统热压油−0.040.120.130.12
三级商品油−−−−−
C-EAEP油−−−−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)−−−−0.04
2-乙基-3,5-二甲基吡嗪传统热压油0.150.210.070.320.08
三级商品油0.150.220.320.200.06
C-EAEP油−0.080.160.050.35
C-EAEP油(热处理)0.780.320.520.600.30
2-乙基-3-甲基吡嗪传统热压油−−−−−
三级商品油0.250.140.080.090.18
C-EAEP油−−−−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)−−−−−
2-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪传统热压油1.020.821.320.720.52
三级商品油0.420.160.100.200.35
C-EAEP油−0.420.621.091.04
C-EAEP油(热处理)−0.160.100.200.35
吡嗪类总计传统热压油2.082.313.142.172.07
三级商品油2.602.232.482.042.63
C-EAEP油6.246.816.906.777.34
C-EAEP油(热处理)8.357.447.777.869.23
庚烷传统热压油3.752.872.421.962.34
三级商品油0.920.240.630.540.80
庚烷C-EAEP油0.230.180.070.350.19
C-EAEP油(热处理)0.310.240.630.540.80
正己烷传统热压油1.171.391.011.171.22
三级商品油−−−−−
C-EAEP油−−−−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)−−−−−
正辛烷传统热压油−−0.040.080.14
三级商品油−−−−−
C-EAEP油−0.130.32−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)−−−−−
正十二烷传统热压油2.791.952.472.532.82
三级商品油0.320.830.620.490.19
C-EAEP油0.870.820.740.920.63
C-EAEP油(热处理)0.230.860.680.460.16
1-碘壬烷传统热压油0.140.680.081.020.34
三级商品油−0.08−−−
C-EAEP油0.940.280.620.430.73
C-EAEP油(热处理)4.243.583.294.044.09
烷烃类总计传统热压油7.856.896.026.766.80
三级商品油1.241.151.251.030.99
C-EAEP油2.491.911.751.971.89
C-EAEP油(热处理)5.415.355.636.776.01
2-戊基呋喃传统热压油−−−−−
三级商品油−−−−−
C-EAEP油−−−−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)−−−3.724.28
2-庚基呋喃传统热压油−−−−−
三级商品油−−−−−
C-EAEP油−−−−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)−−0.420.790.85
呋喃类总计传统热压油−−−−−
三级商品油−−−−−
C-EAEP油−−−−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)−−0.424.515.13
), ArticleFig(id=1321170348838605234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170340273836404, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同工艺菜籽油贮藏期间挥发性风味物质相对含量(%)

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挥发性风味物质名称工艺相对含量
0 d7 d14 d21 d28 d
2-丁烯腈传统热压油32.7529.4626.8227.2627.83
三级商品油24.2425.0324.9423.6823.54
C-EAEP油−−−−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)0.140.250.260.090.15
3-甲基-3-丁烯腈传统热压油28.3327.2923.3818.2320.99
三级商品油26.6324.7425.9322.9723.01
C-EAEP油18.2317.6818.0417.4318.42
C-EAEP油(热处理)26.4225.7926.2526.7525.88
3-丁烯基异硫氰酸酯传统热压油3.353.123.061.731.68
三级商品油1.511.241.181.091.15
C-EAEP油0.620.320.34−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)3.052.672.414.255.79
5-己腈传统热压油9.7111.046.7910.197.98
三级商品油12.0410.749.6013.058.66
C-EAEP油8.198.247.868.377.06
C-EAEP油(热处理)5.745.706.136.393.62
苯代丙腈传统热压油2.041.934.070.541.43
三级商品油0.721.121.083.653.74
C-EAEP油0.260.35−−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)1.121.081.351.460.91
苯乙腈传统热压油1.212.340.95−−
三级商品油1.080.430.751.581.48
C-EAEP油−−−0.130.24
C-EAEP油(热处理)0.430.640.260.430.31
环丙乙腈传统热压油−−1.463.692.95
三级商品油−−−−−
C-EAEP油−−−−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)−−−−−
环丁腈传统热压油−−−−−
三级商品油−−−−−
C-EAEP油0.040.050.120.060.10
C-EAEP油(热处理)0.100.120.050.140.22
2,4-戊二烯腈传统热压油2.070.522.523.194.08
三级商品油0.030.080.150.380.43
C-EAEP油3.192.792.593.152.67
C-EAEP油(热处理)−0.450.760.840.39
硫苷降解产物类总计传统热压油74.0472.0663.9963.1165.26
三级商品油64.7162.0663.0264.9360.86
C-EAEP油30.4129.1128.6129.1428.49
C-EAEP油(热处理)33.7134.0735.0636.1035.48
糠醛传统热压油10.258.899.538.469.24
三级商品油11.8611.6210.699.3110.42
C-EAEP油8.469.028.558.438.24
C-EAEP油(热处理)10.629.669.7010.3010.23
苯甲醛传统热压油0.620.751.02−−
三级商品油0.310.530.820.130.42
C-EAEP油−−0.210.240.18
C-EAEP油(热处理)0.730.811.121.462.82
苯乙醛传统热压油0.391.050.320.741.20
三级商品油−−−−−
C-EAEP油−−−−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)0.870.460.750.520.45
壬醛传统热压油0.183.142.030.280.10
三级商品油2.221.211.540.680.14
C-EAEP油3.282.972.292.353.28
C-EAEP油(热处理)−0.390.260.170.29
辛醛传统热压油0.360.140.10−−
三级商品油1.030.420.17−−
C-EAEP油−−−−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)−−−−−
2-吡咯甲醛传统热压油0.480.210.730.060.84
三级商品油1.070.240.761.311.47
C-EAEP油−−−−0.08
C-EAEP油(热处理)−−−−−
3-甲基丁醛传统热压油−−−6.215.47
三级商品油−−−−−
C-EAEP油28.2129.0428.6427.9828.34
C-EAEP油(热处理)26.1325.9826.2025.5225.08
2-庚烯醛传统热压油0.640.040.29−0.11
三级商品油0.240.871.262.061.64
C-EAEP油−−−−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)0.080.240.120.050.35
2-噻吩甲醛传统热压油0.170.150.310.590.62
三级商品油0.122.391.822.042.47
C-EAEP油−−−−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)0.390.530.481.020.29
醛类总计传统热压油12.1110.6912.2319.3420.26
三级商品油13.8816.8616.8917.6818.56
C-EAEP油41.2141.0339.6939.0140.04
C-EAEP油(热处理)38.2237.3737.7337.7036.69
辛酸乙酯传统热压油0.490.250.830.561.13
三级商品油0.840.820.761.931.26
C-EAEP油0.560.350.280.460.42
C-EAEP油(热处理)0.821.320.900.760.62
原甲酸三甲酯传统热压油−−−1.122.27
三级商品油0.053.252.902.412.75
C-EAEP油1.241.201.430.941.22
C-EAEP油(热处理)3.253.842.973.424.02
酯类总计传统热压油0.490.250.831.683.40
三级商品油0.894.073.704.344.01
C-EAEP油1.801.551.711.401.64
C-EAEP油(热处理)4.075.163.874.184.64
丙酸传统热压油−−−−−
三级商品油3.463.693.042.932.75
C-EAEP油2.191.862.061.481.56
C-EAEP油(热处理)3.022.842.943.353.70
乙酸传统热压油2.042.231.982.151.90
三级商品油−−−−−
C-EAEP油0.170.560.110.250.37
C-EAEP油(热处理)2.221.942.031.791.85
酸类总计传统热压油2.042.231.982.151.90
三级商品油3.463.693.042.932.75
C-EAEP油2.362.422.171.831.93
C-EAEP油(热处理)5.443.694.975.045.55
3-羟基-2-丁酮传统热压油0.161.140.200.050.06
3-羟基-2-丁酮三级商品油0.130.240.050.110.08
C-EAEP油−−0.050.130.24
C-EAEP油(热处理)0.520.240.080.320.26
3-辛烯-2-酮传统热压油4.232.341.961.562.20
三级商品油2.051.453.011.412.03
C-EAEP油4.284.584.093.623.68
C-EAEP油(热处理)4.974.454.014.413.83
2-庚酮传统热压油0.160.530.160.270.24
三级商品油0.170.060.120.170.11
C-EAEP油−0.07−0.170.14
C-EAEP油(热处理)−0.060.120.17−
3-甲基-4-庚酮传统热压油−0.520.420.930.28
三级商品油−−0.06−−
C-EAEP油−−−−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)−−0.060.250.38
3,5,5-三甲基-1-己烯传统热压油−−1.031.260.85
三级商品油−−−−0.24
C-EAEP油3.973.682.853.243.07
C-EAEP油(热处理)4.953.894.274.162.89
酮类总计传统热压油5.654.533.774.073.63
三级商品油2.351.753.181.692.22
C-EAEP油8.258.336.997.166.89
C-EAEP油(热处理)10.448.648.549.317.36
2-甲基吡嗪传统热压油1.651.061.630.941.22
三级商品油1.781.631.841.421.70
C-EAEP油6.246.316.125.635.95
C-EAEP油(热处理)5.496.135.925.425.78
2,5-二甲基吡嗪传统热压油−−−0.060.13
三级商品油−0.080.140.250.34
C-EAEP油−−−−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)1.250.681.141.252.34
2-乙基-5-甲基吡嗪传统热压油−0.040.120.130.12
三级商品油−−−−−
C-EAEP油−−−−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)−−−−0.04
2-乙基-3,5-二甲基吡嗪传统热压油0.150.210.070.320.08
三级商品油0.150.220.320.200.06
C-EAEP油−0.080.160.050.35
C-EAEP油(热处理)0.780.320.520.600.30
2-乙基-3-甲基吡嗪传统热压油−−−−−
三级商品油0.250.140.080.090.18
C-EAEP油−−−−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)−−−−−
2-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪传统热压油1.020.821.320.720.52
三级商品油0.420.160.100.200.35
C-EAEP油−0.420.621.091.04
C-EAEP油(热处理)−0.160.100.200.35
吡嗪类总计传统热压油2.082.313.142.172.07
三级商品油2.602.232.482.042.63
C-EAEP油6.246.816.906.777.34
C-EAEP油(热处理)8.357.447.777.869.23
庚烷传统热压油3.752.872.421.962.34
三级商品油0.920.240.630.540.80
庚烷C-EAEP油0.230.180.070.350.19
C-EAEP油(热处理)0.310.240.630.540.80
正己烷传统热压油1.171.391.011.171.22
三级商品油−−−−−
C-EAEP油−−−−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)−−−−−
正辛烷传统热压油−−0.040.080.14
三级商品油−−−−−
C-EAEP油−0.130.32−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)−−−−−
正十二烷传统热压油2.791.952.472.532.82
三级商品油0.320.830.620.490.19
C-EAEP油0.870.820.740.920.63
C-EAEP油(热处理)0.230.860.680.460.16
1-碘壬烷传统热压油0.140.680.081.020.34
三级商品油−0.08−−−
C-EAEP油0.940.280.620.430.73
C-EAEP油(热处理)4.243.583.294.044.09
烷烃类总计传统热压油7.856.896.026.766.80
三级商品油1.241.151.251.030.99
C-EAEP油2.491.911.751.971.89
C-EAEP油(热处理)5.415.355.636.776.01
2-戊基呋喃传统热压油−−−−−
三级商品油−−−−−
C-EAEP油−−−−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)−−−3.724.28
2-庚基呋喃传统热压油−−−−−
三级商品油−−−−−
C-EAEP油−−−−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)−−0.420.790.85
呋喃类总计传统热压油−−−−−
三级商品油−−−−−
C-EAEP油−−−−−
C-EAEP油(热处理)−−0.424.515.13
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纤维素酶辅助乙醇水提法对菜籽油贮藏稳定性的影响
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蒋栋磊 , 张思迪 , 姚轶俊 , 杨冠杰 , 王立峰 *
食品工业科技 | 贮运保鲜 2026,47(3): 361-374
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食品工业科技 |贮运保鲜 2026 , 47 (3) : 361 -374
纤维素酶辅助乙醇水提法对菜籽油贮藏稳定性的影响
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蒋栋磊 , 张思迪, 姚轶俊, 杨冠杰, 王立峰*
作者信息
  • 南京财经大学食品科学与工程学院,江苏省现代粮食流通与安全协同创新中心,江苏南京 210023
通讯作者:
王立峰(1977−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:粮油加工与功能组分开发,E-mail:。
作者简介:

蒋栋磊(1986−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品加工与开发,E-mail:

Effect of Cellulase-assisted Ethanol Aqueous Extraction on the Storage Stability of Rapeseed Oils
Donglei JIANG , Sidi ZHANG, Yijun YAO, Guanjie YANG, Lifeng WANG*
Affiliations
  • Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
出版时间: 2026-02-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010086
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本研究为探究纤维素酶辅助乙醇水提法(Cellulase-assisted Ethanol Aqueous Extraction Processing,C-EAEP)制备菜籽油的贮藏稳定性,试验设计C-EAEP油、热处理后的C-EAEP油、传统热压油、三级商品油为研究对象,在加速氧化条件下贮藏28 d,在贮藏周期内每7 d测定四组样品理化指标、维生素E含量、脂肪酸组成、挥发性风味物质组成的变化。结果表明:C-EAEP工艺显著提升了菜籽油的贮藏稳定性。贮藏期间,C-EAEP油第28 d的过氧化值和酸值增幅均低于传统热压油与三级商品油,且维生素E总量保留率更高,其中未经热处理的C-EAEP油α-VE含量在28 d仍维持40 mg/100 g以上,显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。此外,C-EAEP油的不饱和脂肪酸(如油酸、亚麻酸)氧化降解速率更低,经贮藏后不饱和脂肪酸总量稳定在87.24%~88.65%,高于传统热压油和三级商品油。脂肪酸组成分析显示,C-EAEP油在贮藏28 d后C18:1的含量从28.21%变化至28.47%,低于三级商品油和传统热压油,而热处理后的C-EAEP油中C18:1含量显著提高至30.39%~30.86%(P<0.05),且芥酸(C22:1)含量降低,健康属性更优;风味物质分析表明,C-EAEP油因低温工艺抑制了硫苷降解产物中腈类(如2-丁烯腈)的生成,但热处理后激活酶促反应,促使吡嗪类(如2,5-二甲基吡嗪)和呋喃类物质(如2-戊基呋喃)富集,贮藏后期含量分别达9.23%和5.13%,赋予油品更浓郁的烘烤风味。电子鼻分析进一步显示,在贮藏前期,经热处理的C-EAEP油对PA/2和P70/2传感器的响应值高于其他三组菜籽油,在贮藏后期热处理C-EAEP油对PA/2、P70/2和T30/1传感器的响应值显著增加,产生了较丰富的醇类、有机胺类、芳香化合物等物质,风味增强。综上,C-EAEP工艺通过低温酶解有效保留了油脂天然抗氧化成分,使油脂的氧化稳定性提高,能够延缓酸败,提高贮藏稳定性,在该工艺基础上对C-EAEP油经热处理则可增加风味物质。本研究为C-EAEP菜籽油的商品化开发提供重要的理论参考,对发展高品质菜籽油,绿色油脂提取工艺的工业化应用具有重要的推动作用。

菜籽油  /  纤维素酶辅助乙醇水提法  /  贮藏稳定性  /  热处理  /  加速氧化贮藏

In this study, in order to investigate the storage stability of rapeseed oil prepared by cellulase-assisted ethanol aqueous extraction processing (C-EAEP), the experimental design of C-EAEP oil, heat-treated C-EAEP oil, traditional hot-pressed oil, and tertiary commercial oil were used as research objects. and stored under accelerated oxidative conditions for 28 d. Changes in the physicochemical indexes, vitamin E contents, fatty acid compositions, and volatile flavour compositions of the four groups of samples were measured every 7 d during the storage cycle. The results showed that the C-EAEP process significantly improved the storage stability of rapeseed oil. During the storage period, the increase in peroxide value and acid value of C-EAEP oil on day 28 was lower than that of conventional hot-pressed oil and tertiary commercial oil, and the retention of total vitamin E was higher, among which the α-VE content of the unheat-treated C-EAEP oil maintained more than 40 mg/100 g on day 28, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). In addition, the rate of oxidative degradation of unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., oleic acid and linolenic acid) was lower in C-EAEP oil, and the total unsaturated fatty acid content was stable at 87.24%~88.65% after storage, which was higher than that of traditional hot-pressed oil and tertiary commercial oil. Fatty acid composition analysis showed that the content of C18:1 in C-EAEP oil changed from 28.21% to 28.47% after 28 days of storage, which was lower than that of tertiary commercial oils and traditional hot-pressed oils, whereas the content of C18:1 in heat-treated C-EAEP oil was significantly increased to 30.39%~30.86% (P<0.05) and the content of erucic acid (C22:1) was reduced, with better health attributes. Flavour analysis showed that the low temperature process inhibited the production of nitriles (2-butenenitrile) in the thioglycoside degradation products of C-EAEP oil, but the heat treatment activated the enzymatic reaction, which led to the enrichment of pyrazines (2,5-dimethylpyrazine) and furans (2-pentylfuran), with the contents of 9.23% and 5.13% in the late stage of storage, respectively, which conferred a stronger baking flavour of the oil. The oil had a stronger roasted flavour. Electronic nose analysis further showed that in the pre-storage period, the response values of heat-treated C-EAEP oil to the PA/2 and P70/2 sensors were higher than those of the other three groups of rapeseed oils, and in the late storage period the response values of heat-treated C-EAEP oil to the PA/2, P70/2 and T30/1 sensors were significantly increased to produce a richer amount of alcohols, organic amines, aromatic compounds, etc., with enhanced flavour. In conclusion, the C-EAEP process effectively preserved the natural antioxidant components of the oils and fats through low-temperature enzymatic hydrolysis to improve storage stability, and the heat treatment could enhance the organoleptic quality by regulating the formation of flavour substances on this basis. It provides an important theoretical reference for the commercial development of C-EAEP rapeseed oil, and has an important role in promoting the development of high-quality rapeseed oil and the industrial application of green oil extraction process.

rapeseed oil  /  cellulase-assisted ethanol aqueous extraction  /  storage stability  /  heat treatment  /  accelerated oxidative storage
蒋栋磊, 张思迪, 姚轶俊, 杨冠杰, 王立峰. 纤维素酶辅助乙醇水提法对菜籽油贮藏稳定性的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (3) : 361 -374 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010086
Donglei JIANG, Sidi ZHANG, Yijun YAO, Guanjie YANG, Lifeng WANG. Effect of Cellulase-assisted Ethanol Aqueous Extraction on the Storage Stability of Rapeseed Oils[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (3) : 361 -374 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010086
近年来,随着人们对食品安全和健康需求的不断提升,油脂的提取与加工技术研究得到了广泛关注。二十一世纪以来,中国油菜产业发展迅猛,2020年中国油菜籽产量约1405万吨,占世界总产量的第二位[1−2]。油菜籽作为我国重要的油料作物之一,其油脂含量高、营养组成丰富,其粗脂肪含量最高能达到42%,此外还含有35%~45%的蛋白质以及纤维素、维生素等其他组分,是植物油脂的重要来源[3−4]。油菜籽的利用渠道广泛,其中最主要的是通过成熟的油菜籽制取菜籽油,其次还包括生产动物饲料、生物柴油以及景观等方面[5]。菜籽油是世界范围内产量第二的食用植物油[6],随着现代油料制油技术的飞速发展,高质量菜籽油的市场潜力将得以充分体现。
目前菜籽油制备的传统工艺有热压法[7]、溶剂浸出法[8]和冷榨法[9]。通常存在油脂提取率较低、能源消耗较高以及溶剂残留等问题[10]。并且传统提取工艺对油脂的热处理过程可能导致部分活性物质的损失,同时产生不良风味物质,从而降低了菜籽油的品质与消费者的接受度[11]。因此,开发高效、绿色且兼具品质保护的新型提取技术具有重要意义。水酶法作为一种近年来兴起的绿色提取技术,以其环保、高效以及较低的能耗而受到研究者的青睐,根据提取介质可细分为水代法[12]、水酶法[13]和乙醇水提法[14]等。其结合酶促辅助技术,如纤维素酶,可显著提高植物细胞壁的破裂程度,促进植物油脂的释放[15],目前将纤维素酶同乙醇水提法协同处理制备菜籽油的相关报道较少。因此以油菜籽为原料,采用纤维素酶辅助乙醇水提法(Cellulase-assisted Ethanol Aqueous Extraction Processing,C-EAEP)作为提取方法,能够在有效提高油脂的提取率的同时减少溶剂使用量和能耗[16],且在较低温度条件下提取,有助于保留油脂中的天然活性成分(如维生素E、植物甾醇等)[17],使油脂的氧化稳定性更高,可有效延缓酸败,维持风味,对发展高品质菜籽油具有重要意义。
本研究围绕C-EAEP技术提取菜籽油的贮藏稳定性展开,通过选取传统热压油、三级商品油、未经热处理的C-EAEP菜籽油以及经热处理的C-EAEP菜籽油,系统分析了该技术提取的菜籽油在加速氧化贮藏条件下的理化指标、维生素E含量、脂肪酸组成、挥发性风味物质以及电子鼻分析数据的变化,以展示C-EAEP菜籽油在贮藏稳定性方面的表现。
金龙鱼三级商业菜籽油 益海嘉里食品有限公司;氢氧化钠、浓盐酸、碘化钾、无水乙醇、正己烷、冰乙酸、酚酞、乙醚、乙腈、异丙醇、三氯甲烷 分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司;纤维素酶 南宁庞博生物工程有限公司;37种脂肪酸甲酯混标、α、γ、δ维生素E标准品 坛墨质检科技股份有限公司。
CP213 SOP电子天平 赛多利斯科学仪器北京有限公司;FA1004精密分析天平 常州市幸运电子设备有限公司;6890N气相色谱仪、GC7890A-5975C气质联用仪 美国安捷伦科技公司;Heidolph Advantage旋转蒸发仪 德国IKA仪器设备有限公司;AEU45电热鼓风烘箱 上海精宏实验设备有限公司。
根据杨晓健等[18]的方法,称取500 g油菜籽,放入烘箱中烘烤后(烘烤温度130 ℃,烘烤时间40 min),立即进入榨油机压榨,滤渣进行二次压榨,收集两次压榨油后过滤,得到自制菜籽压榨毛油。而后对毛油进行精炼,取50 g毛油于烧杯中,加入磷酸和水,50 ℃恒温加热磁力搅拌20 min,之后8000 r/min离心20 min,收集上层清油得到脱胶油。再取50 g脱胶油于烧杯中,向油样中加入碱液,30 ℃恒温加热磁力搅拌,随后调整恒温加热磁力搅拌器温度至50 ℃继续脱酸20 min,反应结束后8000 r/min离心20 min收集上层清油得到脱酸油,所得即为传统热压油样品。
根据任燕勤[19]的方法,称取500 g油菜籽粉末,在料液比1:6(w/v)、提取温度50 ℃、提取pH4.8、添加35%(v/v)乙醇水溶液和1.5%纤维素酶的反应条件下恒温水浴2 h。将pH调整至9.0,温度调整至75℃,恒温水浴90 min后90 ℃灭酶10 min,室温冷却后8000 r/min离心30 min倒出上层液,用分液漏斗收集清油和乳状液,对乳状液冷冻破乳后再收集上层清油,收集两次清油并称重。由于C-EAEP水提菜籽毛油磷脂和游离脂肪酸含量较低,因此不需要脱胶和脱酸的步骤即可得到三级精炼油,考虑到微量的乙醇残留,将C-EAEP菜籽毛油65 ℃旋转蒸发2 h去除残留乙醇,所得即为C-EAEP菜籽油。
取50 g旋蒸后的C-EAEP菜籽油放入预热后的恒温电热套中,将温度调整至120 ℃加热20 min,加热后静置冷却至室温后过滤,放入20 mL玻璃瓶中避光保存。
分别取500 mL三级商品油、传统热压油、C-EAEP菜籽油和热处理的C-EAEP菜籽油样品分装于20 mL食品级聚乙烯瓶中,然后放入(60±1)℃恒温烘箱内分别于第0、7、14、21、28 d取出样品分析。
参考GB/T 5009.227-2016测定菜籽油中的过氧化值[20]。
参考GB/T 5009.229-2016测定菜籽油的酸值[21]。
参考GB/T 5532-2008测定菜籽油的碘值[22]。
参考GB/T 5534-2008测定菜籽油的皂化值[23]。
参考GB 5009.82-2016,通过高效液相色谱仪测定菜籽油中维生素E的含量[24]。色谱柱:DIONEX C18,检测器为荧光检测器,检测波长:λex=280 nm,λem=340 nm,流动相为乙腈,流速为1 mL/min,进样量为5 μL,洗脱时间设置为40 min。α、γ和δ维生素E的标准品溶解于正己烷,用于标准曲线的绘制,具体标曲见表1。
通过气质联用仪测定菜籽油的脂肪酸组成。油样预处理参考GB 5009.168-2016[25]。称取50 mg的油样转移至10 mL的带塞试管中,加入1.5 mL的1 mol/L的 KOH-CH3OH溶液,60 ℃下水浴振荡40 min,使脂肪酸转化为脂肪酸甲酯,从水浴上迅速取下试管,冷却至室温。然后准确加入10~25 mL异辛烷,振摇2 min后加入饱和氯化钠水溶液,待其静置分层。吸取上层异辛烷提取溶液约5~25 mL试管中,加入约5 g无水硫酸钠,振摇1 min后静置5 min待其分层,吸取上层溶液到进样瓶中待测定。
GC条件为:色谱柱:SP-2560(100 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm);检测器:FID;喷射器和检测器温度:260 ℃;升温程序:初温150 ℃,持续时间5 min,然后在30 min内以4 ℃/min的速率增加至250 ℃,保持时间30 min;载气:N2。
使用 Fox3000传感器进行电子鼻分析阵列指纹分析仪,包含12种金属氧化物半导体。各传感器响应敏感特性:LY2/LG对烷烃类灵敏;LY2/G对氢气、乙醇灵敏;LY2/AA对乙醇、丙酮灵敏;LY2/GH对硫化物灵敏;LY2/gCTL对醛类灵敏;LY2/gCT对酯类、萜烯类灵敏;T30/1对氨、胺类灵敏;P10/1对可燃气体灵敏;P10/2对芳香族化合物灵敏;P40/1对硫化氢、硫醇类灵敏;P70/2对长链醛酮)灵敏;PA/2对有机酸灵敏。
根据Zhang等[26]的方法,对不同菜籽油进行电子鼻分析。取10 mL菜籽油转移至50 mL顶空瓶中,静置10 min后,插入电子鼻探头吸取顶端空气,测定挥发性物质。电子鼻参数:样品间隔时间1 s,清洗时间90 s,归零时间15 s;样品准备时间5 s,测定时间150 s,载气流速200 mL/min,进样流量200 mL/min。样品测定3次以上重复,测定时保持室温。
根据Zhou等[27]的方法,用固相微萃取-气质联用法测定菜籽油中的挥发性风味物质组成。前处理:取5 mL菜籽油样品置于15m顶空进样瓶中,在70 ℃下预热10 min,萃取头吸附时间40 min,在250 ℃进样口,解析进样5 min。
GC条件:色谱柱:SH-Rxci-SSil MS(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm);柱箱温度:50 ℃;升温程序:初温160 ℃,先以4 ℃/min升高到180 ℃,再以10 ℃/min升温达到240 ℃,保持时间10 min;使用氦气作为载气,柱压为48.2 kPa,柱流量为0.98 mL/min。
MS条件:采用EI离子化方式,离子源温度220 ℃,接口温度30 ℃,电子能量90 eV,溶剂延迟时间90 s,发射电流34.6 μA,质量扫描范围50~450 m/z。
用NIST2.2谱库对测定结果进行检索,只报道相似度大于85%的物质。峰面积归一化法确定样品中各挥发性风味物质的相对含量[28],其计算公式如下:
$\text{X}({\text{%}})=\frac{\text{m}}{\text{n}}\times 100 $
式中:X为相对含量,%;m为单组分物质的峰面积;n为总峰面积。
所有实验均进行3次独立重复,实验数据以平均值±标准差表示。采用SPSS22.0软件进行统计分析,采用Origin 2018软件进行作图。差异显著水平采用Duncan检验,设置为P<0.05。
在评价植物油脂氧化程度的研究方法上,通常是从氧化过程中植物油脂物理、化学和感官性质的变化等方面进行研究[29]。图1显示了四组菜籽油样品在加速氧化贮藏条件下贮藏28 d期间的过氧化值、酸值、碘值、皂化值的变化。从四个理化指标综合分析,由C-EAEP工艺处理的菜籽油在贮藏期间氧化、水解等劣变反应更缓慢,不饱和成分与甘油三酯结构更稳定,使其贮藏稳定性显著优于传统热压油和三级商品油,得出该工艺对菜籽油贮藏理化性质的优化作用。
由图1(A)可知,四组菜籽油样品在储藏期间的过氧化值均不断升高,贮藏初期,四种菜籽油过氧化值均随时间上升,反映油脂氧化不断产生氢过氧化物。但总体来看,热处理后的C-EAEP油和未经热处理的C-EAEP油比三级商品油和传统热压油的过氧化值低,且经C-EAEP处理的菜籽油(尤其未加热组)过氧化值增幅显著减小(P<0.05),说明该工艺有效延缓氧化,维持贮藏稳定性。在贮藏的第14 d,三级商品油的过氧化值为6.56 mmol/kg,超过三级菜籽油国标的6.0 mmol/kg;传统热压油、未经热处理的C-EAEP油和热处理后C-EAEP油的过氧化值分别为5.98、5.33和5.79 mmol/kg,仍在国家三级菜籽油标准的阈值内。在贮藏的第21 d,四组菜籽油的过氧化值均超过国家标准。在贮藏的第28 d,传统热压油、三级商品油的过氧化值峰值分别为13.36、14.01 mmol/kg,远高于C-EAEP处理的菜籽油,这也表明其氧化反应剧烈,抗氧化能力弱。
酸值是衡量油脂酸败程度的关键指标,贮藏过程中,油脂因氧化、水解产生游离脂肪酸,酸值越高,表明油脂品质劣变越严重。由图1(B)可知,随着加速实验时间的延长,四组菜籽油的酸值均呈现先缓慢增长后快速增长的趋势,传统热压油、三级商品油酸值增长较快。但无论是热处理后的C-EAEP油还是未经热处理的C-EAEP油其酸值显著低于传统热压油和三级商品油(P<0.05),表明其工艺抑制了游离脂肪酸生成,延缓酸败,贮藏稳定性更优。可能是因为C-EAEP油中天然抗氧化物(维生素E、甾醇等)含量相对较高,因此比传统热压油和三级商品油具有更好的抗氧化效果[30]。贮藏后期油样品质劣变严重,从第21 d起,四组菜籽油的酸值均超过国家三级菜籽油标准的1.0 mg KOH/g。
碘值和皂化值分别反映油脂不饱和键含量和油脂中甘油三酯等成分的变化。由图1(C)和图1(D)可知,随着加速实验时间延长,四组菜籽油的碘值和皂化值均呈现先缓慢降低后快速降低的趋势。经C-EAEP处理的菜籽油皂化值较其他三种菜籽油变化小,表明其脂肪酸组成相对稳定。三级商品油在贮藏期间碘值和皂化值显著高于其他三组菜籽油(P<0.05);在贮藏后期,传统热压油、未经热处理的C-EAEP油和热处理后C-EAEP油碘值和皂化值接近。在加速氧化贮藏的第28 d,四组菜籽油的皂化值均低于160 mg KOH/g,品质下降严重,贮藏稳定性降低。
生育酚作为菜籽油的重要活性成分,可以通过改变自由基链的自动氧化过程和延缓不饱和脂肪酸氧化来实现油脂氧化稳定性的提高,从而有效降低异味和酸败的产生[31]。四组菜籽油在贮藏期间维生素E(VE)变化如图2所示,四组菜籽油在加速氧化贮藏期间维生素E总量呈下降趋势,在贮藏第7~21 d期间维生素E总量下降明显,而在贮藏前期(0~7 d)和贮藏后期(21~28 d)维生素E总量下降缓慢。四组菜籽油在加速氧化贮藏期间,三级商品油的α-VE从初始约32 mg/100 g降至28 d的25 mg/100 g以下,VE总量从近95 mg/kg降至88 mg/kg左右,反映出传统高温加工或精炼工艺可能破坏VE结构,且贮藏过程中氧化作用加剧其降解。相较之下,C-EAEP油及加热处理的C-EAEP油的VE保留效果更优,其中C-EAEP油的α-VE在28 d仍维持在40 mg/100 g以上,VE总量稳定在105 mg/kg以上,显著高于其他3组(P<0.05)。尽管加热后的C-EAEP油部分VE组分有所下降,但VE总量表现仍显著优于传统热压油(P<0.05),适度热处理对VE的影响弱于传统高温加工。因此,C-EAEP工艺的低温酶解机制未对VE结构造成显著破坏,并有效保留其抗氧化成分,使其能够有效延缓贮藏期间VE的降解,维持油脂的抗氧化性能。
目前,热处理对花生油、菜籽油、大豆油、茶籽油等食用油品质的影响已有文献报道[32],研究发现植物油脂经加热后,反式脂肪酸含量增加,不饱和脂肪酸含量减少,奇数碳脂肪酸含量升高[33]。由表2可知,四组菜籽油在加速氧化储藏期间脂肪酸组成较稳定,无新的短链脂肪酸或长链脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸相对含量在贮藏周期结束后减少但变化幅度较小,其中油酸(C18:1)、亚油酸(C18:2)、亚麻酸(C18:3)、花生一烯酸(C20:1)、芥酸(C22:1)等菜籽油特征不饱和脂肪酸含量稳定。
在贮藏初期(0 d),C-EAEP工艺表现出显著的脂肪酸富集特性:其芥酸(C22:1)含量达24.29%,显著高于传统热压油(19.47%)和三级商品油(15.09%)(P<0.05),表明酶解作用可有效释放长链不饱和脂肪酸;同时,其总不饱和脂肪酸比例(88.65%)高于其他工艺。相较之下,三级商品油因精炼工艺优化,棕榈酸(C16:0)和油酸(C18:1)含量最高,可能由于精炼选择性去除极性组分。而传统热压油的总不饱和脂肪酸较低,氧化稳定性较弱。
在贮藏中期(7~14 d),C-EAEP工艺的优势进一步凸显:14 d时其亚麻酸(C18:3)含量升至8.83%,显著高于传统热压油(8.32%)(P<0.05),且硬脂酸(C18:0)显著高于其他工艺(P<0.05),反映酶解对于中链饱和脂肪酸的保留作用。然而,C-EAEP的油酸(C18:1)含量始终低于三级商品油和传统热压油,可能与多不饱和脂肪酸竞争性积累有关。三级商品油在贮藏期间表现出优异的稳定性,总不饱和脂肪酸比例波动最小,且C18:1含量始终最高,表明精炼工艺可有效抑制氧化劣变。
在贮藏后期(21~28 d),C-EAEP热处理工艺的稳定性优势显现:热处理后C-EAEP油的C16:0含量升至3.48%,而未处理组仅升至3.24%,说明热处理可能加速了部分脂肪酸的分解或重组。经热处理后的C-EAEP油,与C-EAEP油相比芥酸(C22:1)含量显著降低(P<0.05),进一步体现热处理在改善油品健康属性中的作用。其硬脂酸(C18:0)含量由1.53%升至1.71%,总不饱和脂肪酸比例仅下降0.51%(87.58%~87.07%),下降变化量优于未处理的C-EAEP(1.41%)的下降速度。传统热压油在长期贮藏中总不饱和脂肪酸比例下降0.78%(87.95%~87.17%),证明其较弱的抗氧化能力,需依赖外源添加剂维持品质。
C-EAEP菜籽油贮藏期间电子鼻雷达图谱如图3所示。从图中可以看出,在贮藏第7 d和第14 d,经热处理的C-EAEP油对PA/2和P70/2传感器的响应值高于其他三组菜籽油;在贮藏第21 d,四组菜籽油对各电子鼻传感器的响应值均呈现出一定的下降趋势,未经热处理的C-EAEP油对LY2/gCTL和LY2/gCT传感器的响应值降低至接近0,联系GC-MS数据得到,可能是由于部分烷烃类物质在这一贮藏阶段消失。在贮藏第28 d,三级商品油和热处理后的C-EAEP菜籽油对PA/2、P70/2和T30/1传感器的响应值增加,高于其他两组菜籽油。说明三级商品油和热处理后的C-EAEP菜籽油在加速氧化贮藏后期产生了较丰富的醇类、有机胺类、芳香化合物等物质,风味增强。
C-EAEP菜籽油贮藏期间电子鼻PCA如图4所示。根据PCA,在贮藏前期,未经热处理的C-EAEP菜籽油风味与传统热压油和三级商品油接近;在贮藏第14 d,未经热处理的C-EAEP菜籽油与传统热压油和三级商品油无重合部分,风味上出现差异,而热处理的C-EAEP菜籽油风味与三级商品油相近;在贮藏第21 d,三级商品油风味减弱,与C-EAEP菜籽油和传统热压油区别明显;在贮藏第28 d,经热处理后的C-EAEP菜籽油风味上与三级商品油接近,在贡献率为92.4%的主成分1的数值高于热压油和三级商品油,说明在贮藏后期,经热处理的C-EAEP菜籽油比未经热处理风味增强,保持了与传统热压油和三级商品油相近的风味。
Kraljic等[34]考察了不同温度下加热油菜籽原料对菜籽油挥发性风味物质组成的影响,发现随着温度升高,菜籽油样品中的硫苷降解产物类、呋喃类和醛类等挥发性风味物质增加。菜籽油贮藏期间挥发性风味物质组成及相对含量如表3所示。在整个贮藏过程中共鉴定出55种化合物,其中烷烃类5种,硫苷降解产物类8种,醛类9种,酮类5种,醇类4种,酯类3种,酸类2种,醚类1种,呋喃类2种,烃类5种,吡嗪类化合物6种,烯类5种。
硫苷降解产物:由表3可知,硫苷降解产物在传统热压油中初始含量较高(74.04%),但随贮藏时间逐渐下降(至28 d时为65.26%),可能与贮藏期间硫苷进一步水解或挥发损失有关。相比之下,三级商品油的硫苷降解产物含量较低且变化幅度较小(64.71%~60.86%),可能因其精炼工艺减少了硫苷前体物质的残留。值得注意的是,在加速氧化贮藏周期内,2-丁烯腈始终未在未经热处理的C-EAEP菜籽油中被检出,而在另外三组菜籽油样品中2-丁烯腈始终存在。这是由于传统热压油和三级商品油在高温加工或精炼过程中可能激活黑芥子酶或通过氧化反应促进硫苷分解为腈类(如2-丁烯腈),而C-EAEP冷榨工艺在低温下进行,抑制了酶活性,硫苷更倾向于生成异硫氰酸酯(如3-丁烯基异硫氰酸酯)而非腈类[35]。此外,未热处理C-EAEP油的原料硫苷前体可能因细胞结构破坏较少或种类差异,限制了腈类的生成。热处理后,C-EAEP油因温度升高重新激活酶促反应或引发非酶热分解,促使硫苷转向腈类生成路径,因此微量2-丁烯腈被检出。这表明热处理可能通过激活内源酶或促进硫苷的热降解,导致硫苷衍生物积累。
氧化挥发物:氧化挥发性物质按化学类别分,可分为醛类、酮类、酸类、酯类、烷烃类等。由表3可知,传统热压油在贮藏期间,3-甲基丁醛于第21 d突然出现(6.21%)并持续至第28 d(5.47%),而三级商品油中未检出该物质,这可能与传统热压工艺的高温环境及贮藏后期氧化反应的加剧有关,三级商品油的醛类含量增长较缓(13.88%~18.56%),可能得益于精炼过程中抗氧化剂的添加或杂质的去除。3-甲基丁醛通常来源于支链氨基酸(如亮氨酸)的Strecker降解或支链脂肪酸(如异丁酸)的氧化,其突然积累反映贮藏中后期脂质氧化[36]。在贮藏期间,三级商品油和热处理C-EAEP油的酯类增加,可能与精炼工艺保留酯酶活性或热处理促进脂肪酸与醇类的结合有关。原甲酸三甲酯在热处理C-EAEP油中的含量大幅上升(3.25%~4.02%),可能是热处理加速了酯化反应的动力学进程。同时,热处理C-EAEP油中酸类含量高于未经热处理的C-EAEP油,表明热处理可能通过破坏细胞结构释放更多脂肪酸,或加速氧化酶活性,促进酸类积累。而烷烃类物质(如庚烷、正十二烷)在传统热压油中含量较高且随贮藏下降(7.85%~6.80%),可能因长链烷烃逐渐挥发或氧化分解。热处理C-EAEP油的烷烃类增加(5.41%~6.01%),尤其是1-碘壬烷从4.24%升至4.09%,热处理可能通过脱羧反应释放更多长链烷烃[37]。
吡嗪类物质和呋喃类物质:吡嗪类化合物是典型的美拉德反应产物,与热处理密切相关。传统热压油的吡嗪类含量较低且变化平缓,而热处理C-EAEP油的吡嗪类富集(8.35%~9.23%),尤其是2,5-二甲基吡嗪(1.25%~2.34%)和2-乙基-3,5-二甲基吡嗪(0.78%~0.30%)。这一趋势表明,热处理通过促进氨基酸与还原糖的反应,增强了吡嗪类风味物质的生成,可能赋予油类更浓郁的烘烤或坚果风味[38]。呋喃类是醛类物质在相对短时低温的条件下Strecker降解反应的产物,对风味的贡献很大。2-戊基呋喃主要来源于亚油酸或2-癸二烯醛的氧化,具有豆香和近似面包的特殊香味[39],呋喃类化合物(如2-戊基呋喃、2-庚基呋喃)仅在热处理后的C-EAEP菜籽油中检测到,并在28 d时达5.13%,进一步证实热处理诱导的脂质氧化和糖类热降解是呋喃生成的主要途径。
本研究系统探究了纤维素酶辅助乙醇水提工艺(C-EAEP)对菜籽油贮藏稳定性的影响,并与传统热压油、三级商品油进行对比。在加速氧化贮藏条件下贮藏28 d,测定加速氧化贮藏条件下菜籽油的理化指标、维生素E含量、脂肪酸组成、挥发性风味物质组成,并结合电子鼻分析,综合探究C-EAEP菜籽油的贮藏稳定性。研究结果表明,C-EAEP工艺通过低温酶解有效保留了油脂天然抗氧化成分,油脂的氧化稳定性高,可延缓酸败,维持风味。在整个贮藏期内,C-EAEP菜籽油在贮藏期间过氧化值与酸值在贮藏28 d时增幅较小,表现出显著的抗氧化优势,维生素E含量在贮藏期内变化小于10 mg/kg,油脂营养价值损失小,且在贮藏后期不饱和脂肪酸(如油酸、亚麻酸)仍保持87%以上。在贮藏前期,未经热处理的C-EAEP菜籽油风味有一定提高;在贮藏后期,未经热处理的C-EAEP菜籽油风味减弱,而经热处理的C-EAEP菜籽油中吡嗪类和呋喃类物质含量明显增加,赋予油品更丰富的风味特性。电子鼻分析表明,热处理C-EAEP油在贮藏后期风味与传统商品油接近,但挥发性氧化产物(如醛类)含量更低,风味稳定性更强。综上所述,C-EAEP工艺通过低温提取和酶促破壁技术能够减少热敏性成分损失,为绿色制油技术提供了科学依据。有望推动菜籽油加工向绿色化、高值化方向发展,满足消费者对健康油脂的需求。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010086
  • 接收时间:2025-01-09
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2026-02-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-09
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    南京财经大学食品科学与工程学院,江苏省现代粮食流通与安全协同创新中心,江苏南京 210023

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王立峰(1977−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:粮油加工与功能组分开发,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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