Article(id=1321170250415063653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1321170163563614210, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010254, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737561600000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792921133855, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1769875200000, pubDateStr=2026-02-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921133855, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921133855, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921133855, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321170163563614210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='497', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769875200000', pubDateStr='2026-02-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921113148, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921113148, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=109, endPage=115, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321170250633167462, articleId=1321170250415063653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of Heating Temperature on the Gel Properties of Shrimp Surimi of Penaeus vannamei, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, heat-induced shrimp surimi gel was prepared from Penaeus vannamei. The effects of heating temperature on the gel's formation properties were evaluated by examining its texture, microstructure, and swelling rate. The results revealed that the storage modulus and loss modulus of the shrimp surimi gels decreased as the heating temperature increased from 20 ℃ to 40 ℃. Furthermore, shrimp surimi underwent a transition from a sol-gel state to a thermally irreversible gel between 50 ℃ and 75 ℃. The textural hardness, breaking force, and breaking distance of the shrimp surimi gel initially increased and then decreased with increasing heating temperature. The highest values were recorded at 89 ℃, with textural hardness of 1225.74 g, breaking force of 158.86 g, and breaking distance of 9.28 mm. The water-holding capacity of the shrimp surimi gels peaked at 94.28% at a heat-induced temperature of 89 ℃, decreasing when the temperature was either raised or lowered from this point. The L* value of the gel decreased with increasing heating temperature, while the a* and b* values increased. No obvious changes were observed in the myosin heavy chain and actin bands of the shrimp surimi gel treated with different heating temperature. A dense and orderly network structure gradually formed in the shrimp surimi gel as the heating temperature increased from 86 ℃ to 89 ℃. However, the network structure was disrupted when the heating temperature was further increased beyond 89 ℃. Additionally, the swelling rate of the shrimp surimi gel increased from 32.89% to 118.97% as the heating temperature rose from 86 ℃ to 98 ℃. Therefore, the shrimp surimi gel prepared at 89 ℃ exhibited optimal textural properties and a stable network structure.

, authors=Chenhui DING1, Zhongyang REN1, 2, Linfan SHI1, 2, Wuyin WENG1, 2, *, authorsList=Chenhui DING, Zhongyang REN, Linfan SHI, Wuyin WENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wuyin WENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321170251807572593, articleId=1321170250415063653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=加热温度对凡纳滨对虾虾糜凝胶性质的影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究以凡纳滨对虾为原料制备热诱导虾糜凝胶,通过测定凝胶的质构、微观结构和膨胀率等指标,探究加热温度对虾糜凝胶形成性能的影响规律。结果表明,当加热温度从20 ℃升高至40 ℃时虾糜凝胶的储能模量和损耗模量均发生下降,而在50 ℃至75 ℃之间虾糜从溶胶态转变为热不可逆凝胶。虾糜凝胶的质构硬度、破断力和破断距离均随加热温度升高呈先上升后下降的趋势,在89 ℃时出现最高值,分别为1225.74 g、158.86 g和9.28 mm。虾糜凝胶持水性在89 ℃热诱导温度下制备时达到最高值94.28%,但升高或降低热诱导温度均发生下降。随加热温度的升高,虾糜凝胶的L*值逐渐降低,而a*和b*值逐渐上升。不同加热温度处理的虾糜凝胶的肌球蛋白重链和肌动蛋白条带没有明显的变化。当加热温度从86 ℃升高至89 ℃虾糜凝胶逐渐形成了致密有序的网络结构,但继续升高加热温度凝胶网络结构会遭到破坏。当加热温度从86 ℃升高至98 ℃时,虾糜凝胶的膨胀率从32.89%增大到118.97%。因此,在89 ℃下加热诱导的虾糜凝胶具有良好的质构性质和稳定的网络结构。

, authors=丁陈辉1, 任中阳1, 2, 石林凡1, 2, 翁武银1, 2, *, authorsList=丁陈辉, 任中阳, 石林凡, 翁武银, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=翁武银, authorNote=

丁陈辉(2000−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:水产品加工,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
翁武银(1974−)(ORCID:0000−0003−2996−5423),男,博士,教授,研究方向:水产品加工与综合利用,E-mail:。
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丁陈辉(2000−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:水产品加工,E-mail:

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丁陈辉(2000−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:水产品加工,E-mail:

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Food and Bioprocess Technology, 2024, 17(8): 2459−2469., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321170263144776400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170250415063653, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHU Kai, YAN Wen, DAI Zhiyuan, et al. Astaxanthin extract from shrimp (Trachypenaeus curvirostris) by-products improves quality of ready-to-cook shrimp surimi products during frozen storage at −18 ℃[J]. 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Food Science, 2024, 45(13): 58−66.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321170263283188434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170250415063653, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LEI Jiajia, HUANG Xiaolan, HUANG Wanyi, et al. Effects of steaming and boiling on the color, astaxanthin content and antioxidant activity of crayfish[J]. 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Food Hydrocolloids, 2022, 131: 107777., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1321170252038259314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170250415063653, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170252046647923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170250415063653, companyId=1321170252038259314, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170252055036532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170250415063653, companyId=1321170252038259314, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1集美大学海洋食品与生物工程学院,福建厦门 361021)]), AuthorCompany(id=1321170252130534005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170250415063653, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170252138922614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170250415063653, companyId=1321170252130534005, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170252147311223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170250415063653, companyId=1321170252130534005, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2福建省海洋功能食品工程技术研究中心,福建厦门 361021)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1321170255636972185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170250415063653, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effect of heating temperature on the energy storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G'') of shrimp surimi, figureFileSmall=ThADc1WtALB8daK3DWeM0w==, figureFileBig=toMoMr1OH3RPHMhTUTIp0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170255729246874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170250415063653, language=CN, label=图1, caption=加热温度对虾糜储能模量(G')和损耗模量(G'')的影响, figureFileSmall=ThADc1WtALB8daK3DWeM0w==, figureFileBig=toMoMr1OH3RPHMhTUTIp0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170255943156379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170250415063653, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of heating temperature on the water content (A) and water holding capacity (B) of shrimp surimi gels, figureFileSmall=wxhwLGf7bIgH/PjHKFqBhA==, figureFileBig=sA7zWI818AYCHpwWt+vM9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170256039625372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170250415063653, language=CN, label=图2, caption=加热温度对虾糜凝胶水分含量(A)和持水性(B)的影响

注:不同小写字母表示组间差异显著(P<0.05);图5同。

, figureFileSmall=wxhwLGf7bIgH/PjHKFqBhA==, figureFileBig=sA7zWI818AYCHpwWt+vM9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170256127705757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170250415063653, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of heating temperature on protein patterns of shrimp surimi gels, figureFileSmall=AwQuvXCFJKY3x2JSNe8WCQ==, figureFileBig=wxi6HmaN7bg2GSzTftM6Og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170256211591838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170250415063653, language=CN, label=图3, caption=加热温度对虾糜凝胶蛋白组分的影响

注:M:标准蛋白;HMWF:高分子聚合物;MHC:肌球蛋白重链;Actin:肌动蛋白;TM:原肌球蛋白。

, figureFileSmall=AwQuvXCFJKY3x2JSNe8WCQ==, figureFileBig=wxi6HmaN7bg2GSzTftM6Og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170256270312095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170250415063653, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of heating temperature on the microstructure and fractal dimension of shrimp surimi gels, figureFileSmall=wc4nAifccbkUPiw54Wdd0A==, figureFileBig=brWD9FjEPIxw/fgjqSdhzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170256345809568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170250415063653, language=CN, label=图4, caption=加热温度对虾糜凝胶微观结构和分形维数的影响, figureFileSmall=wc4nAifccbkUPiw54Wdd0A==, figureFileBig=brWD9FjEPIxw/fgjqSdhzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170256412918433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170250415063653, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of heating temperature on the expansion rate of shrimp surimi gels, figureFileSmall=o4VUrc5Kh3PbgAkSYgvyMw==, figureFileBig=7SoLLoyIYmFjiJx6IbaNPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170256488415906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170250415063653, language=CN, label=图5, caption=加热温度对虾糜凝胶膨胀率的影响, figureFileSmall=o4VUrc5Kh3PbgAkSYgvyMw==, figureFileBig=7SoLLoyIYmFjiJx6IbaNPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170256563913379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170250415063653, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effect of heating temperature on the TPA of shrimp surimi gels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
加热温度(℃)硬度(g)咀嚼性(g)内聚性回复性弹性
861149.98±23.74b896.36±27.30b0.84±0.01b0.57±0.01ab0.92±0.01a
891225.74±11.60a938.07±14.00a0.84±0.01b0.57±0.01ab0.94±0.01a
92962.08±9.82c766.90±11.55c0.85±0.01a0.58±0.01a0.94±0.01a
95870.47±5.96d688.40±2.24d0.84±0.01b0.56±0.01b0.94±0.01a
98589.59±51.51e469.32±52.10e0.83±0.01c0.54±0.01c0.95±0.03a
), ArticleFig(id=1321170256635216548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170250415063653, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

加热温度对虾糜凝胶TPA的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
加热温度(℃)硬度(g)咀嚼性(g)内聚性回复性弹性
861149.98±23.74b896.36±27.30b0.84±0.01b0.57±0.01ab0.92±0.01a
891225.74±11.60a938.07±14.00a0.84±0.01b0.57±0.01ab0.94±0.01a
92962.08±9.82c766.90±11.55c0.85±0.01a0.58±0.01a0.94±0.01a
95870.47±5.96d688.40±2.24d0.84±0.01b0.56±0.01b0.94±0.01a
98589.59±51.51e469.32±52.10e0.83±0.01c0.54±0.01c0.95±0.03a
), ArticleFig(id=1321170256710714021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170250415063653, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effect of heating temperature on the breaking force and breaking distance of shrimp surimi gels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
加热温度(℃)破断力(g)破断距离(mm)
86133.54±3.45b8.00±0.08d
89158.86±6.51a9.28±0.15a
92133.59±4.02b9.10±0.08a
95121.49±2.84c8.50±0.10b
98113.61±8.10c8.19±0.07c
), ArticleFig(id=1321170256777822886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170250415063653, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

加热温度对虾糜凝胶破断力和破断距离的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
加热温度(℃)破断力(g)破断距离(mm)
86133.54±3.45b8.00±0.08d
89158.86±6.51a9.28±0.15a
92133.59±4.02b9.10±0.08a
95121.49±2.84c8.50±0.10b
98113.61±8.10c8.19±0.07c
), ArticleFig(id=1321170258438767271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170250415063653, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effect of heating temperature on the color of shrimp surimi gels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
加热温度(℃)颜色参数
L*a*b*
8676.59±0.58a8.06±0.24c8.34±0.43c
8975.42±0.16b8.21±0.04c8.61±0.11c
9274.51±0.19c8.33±0.30bc9.51±0.19b
9573.53±0.36d8.94±0.35a10.16±0.04a
9871.86±0.21e8.75±0.12ab10.31±0.26a
), ArticleFig(id=1321170258522653352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170250415063653, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

加热温度对虾糜凝胶色泽的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
加热温度(℃)颜色参数
L*a*b*
8676.59±0.58a8.06±0.24c8.34±0.43c
8975.42±0.16b8.21±0.04c8.61±0.11c
9274.51±0.19c8.33±0.30bc9.51±0.19b
9573.53±0.36d8.94±0.35a10.16±0.04a
9871.86±0.21e8.75±0.12ab10.31±0.26a
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加热温度对凡纳滨对虾虾糜凝胶性质的影响
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丁陈辉 1 , 任中阳 1, 2 , 石林凡 1, 2 , 翁武银 1, 2, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(3): 109-115
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (3) : 109 -115
加热温度对凡纳滨对虾虾糜凝胶性质的影响
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丁陈辉1 , 任中阳1, 2, 石林凡1, 2, 翁武银1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1集美大学海洋食品与生物工程学院,福建厦门 361021
  • 2福建省海洋功能食品工程技术研究中心,福建厦门 361021
通讯作者:
翁武银(1974−)(ORCID:0000−0003−2996−5423),男,博士,教授,研究方向:水产品加工与综合利用,E-mail:。
作者简介:

丁陈辉(2000−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:水产品加工,E-mail:

Effect of Heating Temperature on the Gel Properties of Shrimp Surimi of Penaeus vannamei
Chenhui DING1 , Zhongyang REN1, 2, Linfan SHI1, 2, Wuyin WENG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
  • 2Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
出版时间: 2026-02-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010254
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本研究以凡纳滨对虾为原料制备热诱导虾糜凝胶,通过测定凝胶的质构、微观结构和膨胀率等指标,探究加热温度对虾糜凝胶形成性能的影响规律。结果表明,当加热温度从20 ℃升高至40 ℃时虾糜凝胶的储能模量和损耗模量均发生下降,而在50 ℃至75 ℃之间虾糜从溶胶态转变为热不可逆凝胶。虾糜凝胶的质构硬度、破断力和破断距离均随加热温度升高呈先上升后下降的趋势,在89 ℃时出现最高值,分别为1225.74 g、158.86 g和9.28 mm。虾糜凝胶持水性在89 ℃热诱导温度下制备时达到最高值94.28%,但升高或降低热诱导温度均发生下降。随加热温度的升高,虾糜凝胶的L*值逐渐降低,而a*和b*值逐渐上升。不同加热温度处理的虾糜凝胶的肌球蛋白重链和肌动蛋白条带没有明显的变化。当加热温度从86 ℃升高至89 ℃虾糜凝胶逐渐形成了致密有序的网络结构,但继续升高加热温度凝胶网络结构会遭到破坏。当加热温度从86 ℃升高至98 ℃时,虾糜凝胶的膨胀率从32.89%增大到118.97%。因此,在89 ℃下加热诱导的虾糜凝胶具有良好的质构性质和稳定的网络结构。

凡纳滨对虾  /  加热温度  /  虾糜凝胶  /  凝胶性质  /  微观结构

In this study, heat-induced shrimp surimi gel was prepared from Penaeus vannamei. The effects of heating temperature on the gel's formation properties were evaluated by examining its texture, microstructure, and swelling rate. The results revealed that the storage modulus and loss modulus of the shrimp surimi gels decreased as the heating temperature increased from 20 ℃ to 40 ℃. Furthermore, shrimp surimi underwent a transition from a sol-gel state to a thermally irreversible gel between 50 ℃ and 75 ℃. The textural hardness, breaking force, and breaking distance of the shrimp surimi gel initially increased and then decreased with increasing heating temperature. The highest values were recorded at 89 ℃, with textural hardness of 1225.74 g, breaking force of 158.86 g, and breaking distance of 9.28 mm. The water-holding capacity of the shrimp surimi gels peaked at 94.28% at a heat-induced temperature of 89 ℃, decreasing when the temperature was either raised or lowered from this point. The L* value of the gel decreased with increasing heating temperature, while the a* and b* values increased. No obvious changes were observed in the myosin heavy chain and actin bands of the shrimp surimi gel treated with different heating temperature. A dense and orderly network structure gradually formed in the shrimp surimi gel as the heating temperature increased from 86 ℃ to 89 ℃. However, the network structure was disrupted when the heating temperature was further increased beyond 89 ℃. Additionally, the swelling rate of the shrimp surimi gel increased from 32.89% to 118.97% as the heating temperature rose from 86 ℃ to 98 ℃. Therefore, the shrimp surimi gel prepared at 89 ℃ exhibited optimal textural properties and a stable network structure.

Penaeus vannamei  /  heating temperature  /  shrimp surimi gel  /  gel properties  /  microstructure
丁陈辉, 任中阳, 石林凡, 翁武银. 加热温度对凡纳滨对虾虾糜凝胶性质的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (3) : 109 -115 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010254
Chenhui DING, Zhongyang REN, Linfan SHI, Wuyin WENG. Effect of Heating Temperature on the Gel Properties of Shrimp Surimi of Penaeus vannamei[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (3) : 109 -115 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010254
凡纳滨对虾(Penaeus vannamei)又称南美白对虾,是目前国内养殖规模最大的对虾品种,具有高蛋白低脂肪的营养特性并富含多种人体必需氨基酸、维生素以及矿物质[1]。我国凡纳滨对虾养殖业近年来稳步发展,2023年养殖总产量高达224万吨[2]。凡纳滨对虾中的肌原纤维蛋白含量丰富,具有良好的凝胶形成能力[3],围绕凡纳滨对虾市场上已经开发出各种虾滑产品。虾滑是一种以虾肉为主要原料制成的生虾糜制品,具有营养丰富、食用便捷、口感嫩滑和味道鲜美等特点,深受广大消费者青睐[4−5]。然而,虾滑在烹饪过程中常因高温沸煮出现结构松散和质地软化等品质缺陷问题,这与虾滑主要成分中虾糜的热诱导凝胶特性密切相关[4,6]。因此,探究加热温度对虾糜凝胶性质的影响,对于帮助解决实际生产中遇到的虾滑品质问题具有重要意义。
虾糜凝胶的制备过程中,热处理是形成凝胶的关键环节,其中肌球蛋白分子的结构变化与热诱导凝胶的形成机制紧密相关[7−8]。加热升温会促使虾糜中的肌球蛋白分子结构展开,导致其内部疏水基团暴露;这些未折叠的肌球蛋白分子随后通过疏水相互作用以及二硫键等化学作用力相互交联,构建形成稳定的凝胶网络结构[9]。这一过程使得虾糜从溶胶态转变为热不可逆凝胶,并赋予其独特的凝胶质地和稳定性。当前,水浴沸煮是满足饮食要求的一种合理且快捷的传统烹饪方式[10]。但已有研究表明,高温烹饪不可避免地会对产品品质造成一定程度的破坏。Wang等[11]研究报道猪肉丸在100 ℃沸水煮制过程中其质地会随煮制时间的延长而不断变差,这是由于高温造成其凝胶网络结构破坏。Chen等[12]探究了高温(75~95 ℃)处理下鸡肉MP凝胶的劣化机制,发现过热(85~95 ℃)会引起蛋白质过度聚集使凝胶网络结构间的交联减弱,导致凝胶品质劣化。Li等[13]的研究也表明,在100 ℃下加热制备的鲢鱼鱼糜凝胶的凝胶强度明显低于在90 ℃下加热制备的凝胶。然而,有关加热温度对虾糜凝胶性质的影响尚未见报道。
因此,本研究基于虾滑在烹饪过程中出现的品质缺陷问题,以凡纳滨对虾为原料,探究加热温度对虾糜凝胶的凝胶强度、微观结构和膨胀率等主要指标的影响,旨在阐明虾糜的凝胶性质受加热温度的影响规律,结果将为热诱导虾糜凝胶制品的品质调控提供理论指导。
冷冻凡纳滨对虾虾仁 福建盛匠食品科技有限公司;十二烷基硫酸钠(sodium dodecyl sulfate,SDS)、丙烯酰胺(化学纯) 美国Bio-Rad公司;磷酸二氢钠、磷酸氢二钠 西陇化工股份有限公司;其他试剂均属于分析纯。
MQ335手持式料理机 上海德龙博朗家电有限公司;BHS-4数显恒温水浴锅 中国福州泰美实验仪器有限公司;DHR-2流变仪 美国TA仪器有限公司;TA-XT Plus质构仪 英国Stable Micro System公司;Avanti J-25高速冷冻离心机 美国Beckman公司;YS3010分光测色仪 深圳市三恩时科技有限公司;Phenom ProX G6扫描电子显微镜 美国赛默飞世尔科技公司。
凡纳滨对虾虾仁于4 ℃冰箱中过夜解冻后,利用料理机将其搅碎,经过3 min空擂处理,随后加入虾仁质量2%的NaCl进行盐擂15 min,制备成虾糜溶胶。整个擂溃过程在10 ℃以下的低温环境中进行。将制备好的虾糜溶胶填充至敞口模具(内径30 mm,高度60 mm)中。依据文献报道的鱼糜凝胶最佳加热温度90~95 ℃[14−15],结合实验地区大气压条件下的水沸腾点(98 ℃),本研究设置了86、89、92、95和98 ℃五个温度梯度研究加热温度对虾糜凝胶理化性质的影响。样品在各设定温度下水浴加热15 min后,立即移至40 ℃水浴中保温30 min,最后脱模进行各项指标测定。
使用流变仪测定虾糜溶胶的流变性质。将虾糜溶胶置于平行板间并调整间隙为1 mm,使用硅油对平行板四周进行液封用于防止水分蒸发。测定前采用0.01%~100%的剪切应变及10 rad/s的角频率先确定样品的线性黏弹区域,然后将虾糜溶胶在线性黏弹区范围内以5.0 ℃/min的升温速率进行20~100 ℃温度扫描,并监测虾糜溶胶储能模量(G')和损耗模量(G'')的变化。
参考Fang等[16]的方法,在室温下利用装配P/36R圆柱形探头的质构仪对虾糜凝胶进行连续的双压缩循环测试。将虾糜凝胶统一切成高度30 mm的圆柱体并置于探头与平台正中央。触发力设定为5 g,最大压缩比设定为原始样品高度的30%,间隔设定为5 s,测试前和测试中速度均为1 mm/s,探头回升速度为5 mm/s。记录硬度、咀嚼性和弹性等TPA参数。
参考杨玉等[17]的方法,在室温下使用装配P/5S球形探头的质构仪测定虾糜凝胶的凝胶强度。触发力设定为5 g,穿刺深度设定为20 mm,以0.5 mm/s的下压速度对虾糜凝胶(高度30 mm)进行穿刺实验。记录虾糜凝胶的破断力和破断距离。
采用直接干燥法测定虾糜凝胶的水分含量。准确称取2 g左右的虾糜凝胶置于干燥的称量皿中并于105 ℃的条件下干燥至恒重后,冷却至室温并称重。
参考柳丽宁等[18]的方法,准确称取2 g左右的块状虾糜凝胶(W1),经三层滤纸包裹置于离心管底部进行离心(4 ℃,1000×g,15 min),离心结束后称量虾糜凝胶重量(W2)。根据公式计算虾糜凝胶的持水性。
$ \text{WHC}(\text{%})=\frac{{\text{W}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{W}}_{\text{1}}}\text{×100} $
式中:W1表示虾糜凝胶离心前重量,g;W2表示虾糜凝胶离心后重量,g。
在室温下,利用便携式色差仪对虾糜凝胶的色泽进行测定,测定前使用标准白板(L*=96.79,a*=−0.28,b*=0.34)及黑板(L*=0.08,a*=0.09,b*=−0.03)对色差仪进行校准,测定参数包括:L*值(亮度)、a*值(红度)、b*值(黄度)。
参考Zhang等[19]的方法,将虾糜凝胶溶解于含有20 mmol/L Tris-HCl、2% SDS、8 mol/L 尿素的可溶性液(pH8.8)中,利用离心(10000×g,15 min)得到的上清液调制成电泳样品,采用浓度为5 g/100 mL的浓缩胶和8 g/100 mL的分离胶对样品进行电泳。电泳结束后,将凝胶浸泡于含考马斯亮蓝的染色液中过夜,再用含有甲醇的乙酸溶液进行脱色并拍照。
将虾糜凝胶切成3 mm×3 mm×2 mm的薄片,浸泡在含戊二醛(2.5%)的0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(pH7.2)中并放置于4 ℃环境下固定1 d,而后用0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(pH7.2)漂洗以去除残留的戊二醛,再经酒精梯度脱水后对样品进行冷冻干燥。最后,将冻干的样品喷金并在扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)下采用10 kV的电压进行观察。利用ImageJ软件和盒子计数法根据公式计算分形维数(fractal dimension,Df)。
$\rm D=-\frac{\text{log}\;{\text{N}}_{{ \varepsilon }}}{\text{log}\;{ \varepsilon }} $
$ {\text{D}}_{\text{f}}=\text{D+1} $
式中:Nԑ表示在一定比例(ԑ)下图像中的盒子数;D和Df分别代表二维空间和三维空间的分形维数。
参考王丹丹等[20]的方法,选取一个大小适宜的量筒,并将纯水作为置换介质,分别对初始和膨胀后的虾糜体积进行测定。根据公式计算虾糜凝胶的膨胀率。
$ \text{膨胀率}(\text{%})=\frac{{\text{V}}_{\text{2}}-{\text{V}}_{\text{1}}}{{\text{V}}_{\text{1}}}\text{×100} $
式中:V1表示虾糜凝胶初始的体积,mL;V2表示虾糜凝胶膨胀后的体积,mL。
实验数据以平均值±标准偏差的形式表示,采用SPSS statistics 17.0软件进行Duncan检验,对数据进行显著性分析,显著性水平设为0.05。
储能模量(G')和损耗模量(G'')分别代表凝胶的弹性和胶黏性质[21],通过测定G'和G''能够了解加热过程中虾糜凝胶形成能的变化特征。图1显示了加热温度对凡纳滨对虾虾糜G'和G''的影响。随着加热温度从20 ℃升高至40 ℃,虾糜溶胶的G'逐渐下降,这是因为虾糜肌球蛋白尾部发生变性和肌动球蛋白发生解离,从而使凝胶结构遭到破坏[3]。在40~50 ℃加热范围内G'保持相对平稳的状态,不同于Zhang等[21]研究报道的凡纳滨对虾虾糜流变性质中G'在48 ℃左右出现峰值,这可能是由于本研究采用的虾仁原料中内源性转谷氨酰胺酶(glutamine transaminase,TGase)含量较低的缘故。Jiang等[22]研究发现添加TGase使凡纳滨对虾虾糜G'在45 ℃附近的峰值出现升高是因为促进了肌球蛋白交联和凝胶化反应。当加热温度从50 ℃继续升高,G'值快速增加并于75 ℃左右开始趋于稳定,表明虾糜在该温度下开始形成稳定的凝胶结构。这与鲢鱼鱼糜(75 ℃)[23]和阿拉斯加狭鳕鱼糜(75 ℃)[24]的凝胶化转变温度接近,表明了凡纳滨对虾虾糜热诱导凝胶形成的温度与鱼糜相类似。在升温过程中虾糜凝胶G''的变化趋势与G'类似,但G''值始终低于G'值,表明虾糜蛋白有序聚集的强度较高。
表1显示,虾糜凝胶的硬度和咀嚼性随加热温度的升高呈现先上升后下降的趋势,其中在89 ℃下制备的凝胶硬度和咀嚼性均最大。98 ℃下制备的虾糜凝胶硬度和咀嚼性比89 ℃下制备的虾糜凝胶分别下降了51.90%和49.97%。并且,虾糜凝胶的内聚性和回复性伴随着加热温度的升高出现减弱的趋势。这与孔保华等[25]探究加热温度(50~90 ℃)对猪肉肌原纤维蛋白凝胶特性的影响,所观察到凝胶硬度和咀嚼性的变化趋势一致。这可能是由于加热有助于虾糜蛋白展开并形成三维网状结构。然而,虾糜凝胶内部的蒸汽可能随着加热温度的升高而增加,过高的加热温度促使逸出大量的蒸汽破坏了凝胶网络结构。在本研究中虾糜凝胶的弹性受加热温度的影响不显著(P>0.05),可能是在30%压缩比的测试条件下虾糜凝胶的网络结构未受到破坏。
加热温度对虾糜凝胶破断力和破断距离的影响如表2所示。随着加热温度的升高,虾糜凝胶的破断力和破断距离呈现先增大后减小的趋势,其中利用89 ℃水浴加热制备的虾糜凝胶破断力和破断距离最大。这可能是因为肌原纤维蛋白中疏水基团及巯基的暴露促进了肌球蛋白相互作用形成致密的网络结构,而高温诱导蛋白质过度聚集会导致凝胶网络结构被破坏。类似的现象也出现在热处理温度(75~95 ℃)对猪肉肌原纤维蛋白凝胶强度的影响[26]。因此,在89 ℃下加热有利于高强度的凡纳滨对虾虾糜凝胶的形成。
不同加热温度对虾糜凝胶水分含量和持水性的影响如图2所示。当加热温度升高至89 ℃时,虾糜凝胶的水分含量从82.97 g/100 g增加到84.32 g/100 g,而进一步提高加热温度虾糜凝胶水分含量无显著变化。这是因为加热能够促进蛋白质的结构展开发生相互作用从而增强对水分子的束缚能力[27]。另一方面,虾糜凝胶的持水性在加热温度为89 ℃时达到最高值,降低或升高加热温度均会使虾糜凝胶的持水性下降。这与虾糜凝胶的硬度和凝胶强度变化趋势一致,表明致密的凝胶网络结构能够束缚更多水分子,而高温加热会对凝胶网络造成破坏导致持水性下降[28]。
表3显示了不同加热温度下虾糜凝胶色泽的变化。虾糜凝胶的L*值越高代表色泽越明亮,a*值越高代表红度越深,b*值越高代表色泽越黄[4]。随着加热温度的升高,虾糜凝胶的L*值降低,a*和b*值增加。这表明了高温加热会导致虾糜凝胶的亮度降低并使色泽朝红、黄方向转变。有研究报道,虾糜凝胶的亮度与凝胶网络结构的致密性有关,致密的凝胶网络结构会使虾糜凝胶的亮度增大[29]。因此,虾糜凝胶的L*值降低可能是由于加热温度的升高使凝胶网络结构变得松散,从而削弱了对光的反射能力。虾糜凝胶的a*和b*值增加可能源于虾肉中虾青素与蛋白质或脂质间的酯键热分解作用[30]。雷佳佳等[31]在研究蒸制和水煮对小龙虾色泽的影响时,虾肉的a*、b*值升高可归因于结合态的虾青素因受热转变成游离态。
利用SDS-PAGE分析了加热温度对虾糜凝胶蛋白组分的影响(图3)。虾糜凝胶的主要蛋白条带包括肌球蛋白重链(myosin heavy chain,MHC)、肌动蛋白(Actin)和原肌球蛋白(tropomyosin,TM)[29]。在非还原状态的SDS-PAGE中,虾糜凝胶主要含有MHC、Actin和TM,以及未能进入浓缩胶的高分子量聚合物(high molecular weight fractions,HMWF)。然而,不同加热温度并未引起虾糜凝胶蛋白组分发生明显改变。在还原状态的SDS-PAGE中,浓缩胶顶部的HMWF条带浓度明显减弱,而MHC条带和Actin条带浓度明显增强,表明虾糜凝胶中MHC分子与Actin分子主要通过二硫键交联形成HMWF。
虾糜凝胶微观组织结构如图4所示。在放大500倍的SEM图中,发现经86 ℃制备的虾糜凝胶具有明显的孔隙,孔隙随着加热温度的升高逐渐增大且数量逐渐增加,98 ℃下制备的凝胶网络结构遭到明显破坏。在放大8000倍的SEM图中,发现当加热温度从86 ℃上升至89 ℃,虾糜凝胶网络结构由粗糙的片状转变为致密的网状;当加热温度进一步升高,结构转向聚集的团簇状。为了定量描述虾糜凝胶网络结构的致密程度,利用分形维数(Df)对SEM图像进行量化分析,其中Df值越大所代表的凝胶网络结构越致密有序[32]。结果表明,89 ℃制备的虾糜凝胶具有最大的Df值,伴随加热温度的升高或降低,Df值均出现下降的趋势。该趋势与虾糜凝胶的硬度、破断力、破断距离和持水性结果一致,表明适当的加热温度能够促进虾糜形成致密有序的网络结构,进而提高虾糜凝胶的物理性质。
图5显示了加热温度对虾糜凝胶膨胀率的影响。虾糜在86 ℃下加热15 min后,膨胀率为32.89%,并随着加热温度的升高逐渐增大。这是由于加热温度升高促进了凝胶内部水分的蒸发和气化逃逸,导致孔隙率增加(图4)。当加热温度升至98 ℃,虾糜凝胶内部蒸气压急剧增大,可能超过凝胶网络的机械强度阈值,致使其三维结构发生部分坍塌,从而导致膨胀率骤增至118.97%(图5)。这一结构变化直接导致了虾糜凝胶的硬度和咀嚼性发生显著降低(表1)。类似的现象也出现在加热温度对海藻酸钠水凝珠的影响,高温加热产生的内部蒸汽对网络骨架造成损坏[33]。结果表明,虾糜凝胶的膨胀行为受加热温度的显著调控。在86~92 ℃的适度加热条件下,有利于形成均匀致密的网状结构;而当温度超过95 ℃时,过高的蒸汽压会产生破坏作用,导致虾糜产品品质劣变。因此,在实际生产中,需要平衡凝胶化促进和热破坏预防之间的关系,以优化虾糜制品的质构特性。本研究的发现不仅为热诱导虾糜的品质控制提供了理论依据,同时也为后续通过外源添加剂优化配方体系以抑制高温加工导致的网络结构破坏,进而改进加工工艺指明了方向。
本研究揭示了加热温度对凡纳滨对虾虾糜凝胶性质的影响规律。研究发现,89 ℃的水浴加热能诱导虾糜形成致密有序的网络结构,进而提高凝胶的硬度、破断力、破断距离和持水性。然而,进一步提高加热温度会使虾糜凝胶内部孔隙逐渐增大且数量逐渐增加,结果导致凝胶网络结构遭到破坏,进而降低凝胶的物理性质。因此,采用89 ℃的加热温度有利于虾糜凝胶网络结构的形成,并能够抑制高温加热引起的膨胀对凝胶网络结构的破坏。今后,将通过添加亲水胶体及谷氨酰胺转氨酶等外源添加剂抑制虾糜凝胶在热加工中的膨胀,以进一步提高虾糜凝胶的口感品质。

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2026年第47卷第3期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010254
  • 接收时间:2025-01-23
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2026-02-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-23
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作者信息
    1集美大学海洋食品与生物工程学院,福建厦门 361021
    2福建省海洋功能食品工程技术研究中心,福建厦门 361021

通讯作者:

翁武银(1974−)(ORCID:0000−0003−2996−5423),男,博士,教授,研究方向:水产品加工与综合利用,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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