Article(id=1321170241481192112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1321170163563614210, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020151, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739980800000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792921131725, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1769875200000, pubDateStr=2026-02-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921131725, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921131725, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921131725, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321170163563614210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='497', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769875200000', pubDateStr='2026-02-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921113148, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921113148, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=146, endPage=155, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321170241695101617, articleId=1321170241481192112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Comparative Study of Camel and Cow Milk Protein Peptides Based on Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Camel milk, a characteristic dairy resource in Northwest China, is rich in bioactive peptides. Released during in vivo digestion, bioactive peptides have potential health benefits, however, systematic studies in this field remain limited. In this study, simulated gastrointestinal digestion combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify and analyze peptides in camel and cow milk. Potential bioactive peptides were screened using peptide databases. The analysis identified 1074 peptides, including 561 unique to camel milk, 385 unique to cow milk, and 128 identical in both. These peptides predominantly had molecular weights of 750~1000 Da and lengths of 7~11 amino acids, most of which originated from casein. Bioactivity database analysis identified six bioactive peptides in camel milk, including two camel-specific dipeptidyl peptidase Ⅳ inhibitory peptides. The remaining four peptides, as in cow milk, had angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory, antimicrobial, antithrombin, and antithrombotic activities. In addition, the machine-learning-based peptide activity prediction tool, Peptide Ranker, predicted 70 potential bioactive peptides unique to camel milk and 44 unique to cow milk. These findings revealed the unique advantages of camel milk in terms of the diversity of bioactive peptide types and functional specificity. The study systematically elucidated the compositional differences of protein peptides between camel milk and cow milk, providing a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the development of novel dairy-based foods with precise nutritional functions, and contributing to the advancement of the relevant industries.

, authors=Danlei LI1, 2, 3, Xiabing KONG1, 2, 3, He CHEN4, Yue YU1, 2, Guoping LI1, 2, Jiukai ZHANG1, 2, *, Ying CHEN1, 2, 3, authorsList=Danlei LI, Xiabing KONG, He CHEN, Yue YU, Guoping LI, Jiukai ZHANG, Ying CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jiukai ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321170243452515008, articleId=1321170241481192112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=基于模拟胃肠道消化的驼乳与牛乳蛋白肽的比较研究, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

驼乳是西北地区重要的特色乳资源,富含多种活性蛋白,其在体内消化过程中释放的生物活性肽具有潜在的健康益处,但目前对其系统研究仍相对较少。本研究通过模拟胃肠道消化,利用液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)对驼乳和牛乳消化后的蛋白肽进行鉴定分析,并结合蛋白肽数据库筛选潜在的生物活性肽。结果显示,共鉴定出1074条蛋白肽,其中驼乳中特有561条,牛乳中特有385条,两种乳品共有128条。这些蛋白肽的分子质量主要集中在750~1000 Da,长度多在七到十一肽之间,多数来源于酪蛋白。通过生物活性数据库分析,从驼乳中鉴定出6条生物活性肽,其中2条为驼乳特有的二肽基肽酶Ⅳ(Dipeptidyl Peptidase Ⅳ,DPP-Ⅳ)抑制活性肽,其余4条与牛乳共有的活性肽则具有血管紧张素转化酶(Angiotensin Converting Enzyme,ACE)抑制、抗菌、抗凝血酶和抗血栓等活性。进一步通过基于机器学习的肽段活性预测工具Peptide Ranker,预测得到驼乳中特有的潜在生物活性肽有70条,牛乳中有44条。这些发现揭示了驼乳在生物活性肽种类多样性及功能特异性方面的独特优势。该研究系统解析了驼乳与牛乳蛋白肽的组成差异,为开发具有精准营养功能的新型乳基食品提供了理论基础和实践指导,有助于推动相关产业的发展。

, authors=李丹蕾1, 2, 3, 孔夏冰1, 2, 3, 陈贺4, 于悦1, 2, 李国萍1, 2, 张九凯1, 2, *, 陈颖1, 2, 3, authorsList=李丹蕾, 孔夏冰, 陈贺, 于悦, 李国萍, 张九凯, 陈颖, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张九凯, authorNote=

李丹蕾(1999−)(ORCID:0009−0008−2309−9142),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品真实性鉴别与品质识别,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
张九凯(1986−)(ORCID:0000−0002−7284−6748),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:食品真实性鉴别与品质识别,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=DstQ1gPA1Lj4uPUeWDnkHA==, magXml=2/q1ORPxuRPzoRwJmN2PSw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=2mXxYKAyypOuhXkl+j2r+Q==, pdfFileSize=2332223, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=PdE+bmXPtmVGniAV0EjRmw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=RinJ2Jf82w19XT//BOLPiA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1321170246241727182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=972693898@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1321170246367556306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, authorId=1321170246241727182, language=EN, stringName=Danlei LI, firstName=Danlei, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1Chinese Academy of Quality and Inspection and Testing, Beijing 100176, China
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李丹蕾(1999−)(ORCID:0009−0008−2309−9142),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品真实性鉴别与品质识别,E-mail:

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李丹蕾(1999−)(ORCID:0009−0008−2309−9142),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品真实性鉴别与品质识别,E-mail:

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Bioactive peptides and their preparation methods and applications: CN202410206734.9[P]. 2024-08-30., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1321170245402866369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170245411254978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, companyId=1321170245402866369, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Chinese Academy of Quality and Inspection and Testing, Beijing 100176, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170245423837891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, companyId=1321170245402866369, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国质量检验检测科学研究院,北京 100176)]), AuthorCompany(id=1321170245759382212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170245767770821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, companyId=1321170245759382212, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Key Laboratory of Food Authenticity Identification, State Administration for Market Regulation, Beijing 100176, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170245776159430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, companyId=1321170245759382212, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(食品真实性鉴别),北京 100176)]), AuthorCompany(id=1321170245843268295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170245851656904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, companyId=1321170245843268295, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170245860045513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, companyId=1321170245843268295, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3北京工商大学食品与健康学院,北京 100048)]), AuthorCompany(id=1321170246153646794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170246162035403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, companyId=1321170246153646794, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4Xinjiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Urumqi 830091, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170246170424012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, companyId=1321170246153646794, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4新疆农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐 830091)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1321170251195200259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Venn diagram of the number of protein peptides in camel milk and cow milk, figureFileSmall=Fc6SCF5IYfkvlAg7GTNzSg==, figureFileBig=PdE+bmXPtmVGniAV0EjRmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170251270697732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, language=CN, label=图1, caption=驼乳和牛乳蛋白肽数量的维恩图, figureFileSmall=Fc6SCF5IYfkvlAg7GTNzSg==, figureFileBig=PdE+bmXPtmVGniAV0EjRmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170251442664197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Molecular weight distribution of protein peptides in camel milk and cow milk, figureFileSmall=pzhDL7pjNQnZpbl+qUeMeQ==, figureFileBig=HGvBoFWnNJDv78DCm/cVjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170251522355974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, language=CN, label=图2, caption=驼乳与牛乳蛋白肽的分子质量分布

注:不同字母标记表示驼乳与牛乳在分子量上存在显著差异(P<0.05);图3同。

, figureFileSmall=pzhDL7pjNQnZpbl+qUeMeQ==, figureFileBig=HGvBoFWnNJDv78DCm/cVjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170251589464839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Amino acid sequence length distribution of camel milk and cow milk protein peptides, figureFileSmall=wVLaCFwbbZ6unkd41DhSvw==, figureFileBig=+8X5mymHKhFi9h8wFv6fGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170251660768008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, language=CN, label=图3, caption=驼乳和牛乳蛋白肽的氨基酸序列长度分布, figureFileSmall=wVLaCFwbbZ6unkd41DhSvw==, figureFileBig=+8X5mymHKhFi9h8wFv6fGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170251744654089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Bar chart of the proportion of corresponding peptides in camel milk and cow milk, figureFileSmall=WIL+bsBw7UAJEl5ULd7qiw==, figureFileBig=u0ANCxzkPtrwewh8Jwf7Qw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170251815957258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, language=CN, label=图4, caption=驼乳与牛乳中蛋白对应肽段数量占比柱状图, figureFileSmall=WIL+bsBw7UAJEl5ULd7qiw==, figureFileBig=u0ANCxzkPtrwewh8Jwf7Qw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170251904037643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Number of unique and shared protein peptides with a score >0.5 in camel milk and cow milk, figureFileSmall=fVOVSjveVWNHmTF9Ax3h7A==, figureFileBig=QigNQYg5VPP9RI6FaKBCxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170251962757900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, language=CN, label=图5, caption=驼乳与牛乳中评分>0.5的特有及共有蛋白肽数量, figureFileSmall=fVOVSjveVWNHmTF9Ax3h7A==, figureFileBig=QigNQYg5VPP9RI6FaKBCxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170252025672461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Volcanic diagram of differentially expressed protein peptides in camel milk and cow milk, figureFileSmall=fTeQbjgjxP71A64igufX3A==, figureFileBig=v+5xZJ1JRYQYvRUbK2Hd3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170252084392718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, language=CN, label=图6, caption=驼乳与牛乳的差异表达蛋白肽的火山图, figureFileSmall=fTeQbjgjxP71A64igufX3A==, figureFileBig=v+5xZJ1JRYQYvRUbK2Hd3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170252164084495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Heat map of cluster analysis of differentially expressed protein peptides in camel milk and cow milk, figureFileSmall=F8GpU81hOLpA9oFzJHv0IA==, figureFileBig=u6srUXSbipDeDtZOT1+fYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170252231193360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, language=CN, label=图7, caption=驼乳与牛乳差异表达蛋白肽的聚类分析热图

注:图中A为驼乳,B为牛乳。

, figureFileSmall=F8GpU81hOLpA9oFzJHv0IA==, figureFileBig=u6srUXSbipDeDtZOT1+fYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170252310885137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Potential bioactive peptides in camel milk and cow milk

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
蛋白质名称Uniprot ID基因名称氨基酸序列生物活性驼乳牛乳
α-乳球蛋白f[123-130]A0A9W3F240LALBAILDKEGIDYDPP-Ⅳ抑制剂√×
f[147-156]A0A452DI34VGINYWLAHKACE抑制剂、抗氧化DPP-Ⅳ抑制剂×√
α-S1-酪蛋白f[123-130]A0A9W3F965CSN1S1LLQLEAIRDPP-Ⅳ抑制剂√×
f[195-208]P02662SDIPNPIGSENSEK抗菌×√
f[209-214]TTMPLWACE抑制剂、抗菌、免疫×√
f[42-49]PFPEVFGKACE抑制剂×√
f[130-138]NAVPITPTL抗氧化、骨合成代谢×√
f[189-196]FALPQYLKACE抑制剂、抗氧化×√
f[40-47]NMAINPSKACE抑制剂×√
f[204-212]AMKPWIQPKACE抑制剂×√
f[205-212]MKPWIQPKACE抑制剂×√
f[96-106]ALNEINQFYQKACE抑制剂×√
f[83-98]FQSEEQQQTEDELQDK促进钙吸收×√
f[148-155]VKEAMAPK抗菌、抗氧化×√
β-酪蛋白f[220-233]A0A452DHW7CSN2VLPVPQKAVPYPQR抗菌√√
f[99-106]IHPFAQTQ改善记忆丧失、抑制PEP×√
f[227-233]AVPYPQRACE抑制剂、抗菌、抗氧化、结合、脂氧合酶抑制剂×√
f[243-252]YQEPVLGPVR抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌、ACE抑制剂√√
f[242-252]LYQEPVLGPVR抗炎、免疫×√
f[220-226]VLPVPQKACE抑制剂、ACE抑制剂、抗凋亡√√
f[253-259]GPFPIIVACE抑制剂×√
f[241-252]LLYQEPVLGPVRACE抑制剂×√
β-乳球蛋白f[49-56]A0A3Q1LYE8PAEPDAQSAPLR抗菌×√
f[100-107]IDALNENK抗菌、促进增殖×√
f[141-151]TPEVDDEALEK抗菌、DPP- IV抑制剂×√
f[108-116]VLVLDTDYK抗菌、DPP- IV抑制剂×√
f[41-56]AASDISLLDAQSAPLR抗菌×√
f[158-164]ALPMHIRACE抑制剂、减少的血管收缩素-1释放、刺激增殖×√
f[48-56]LDAQSAPLRACE抑制剂×√
f[110-116]VLDTDYKACE抑制剂×√
f[17-24]LIVTQTMK免疫反应×√
κ-酪蛋白f[46-55]A0A140T8A9CSN3YIPIQYVLSR抗炎、C3a受体激动剂、收缩、降压×√
f[119-126]HPHPHLSFACE抑制剂、抗氧化、促骨形成×√
f[127-133]MAIPPKKACE抑制剂、抗凝血酶、抗血栓√√
), ArticleFig(id=1321170253976023826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

驼乳与牛乳潜在生物活性肽

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
蛋白质名称Uniprot ID基因名称氨基酸序列生物活性驼乳牛乳
α-乳球蛋白f[123-130]A0A9W3F240LALBAILDKEGIDYDPP-Ⅳ抑制剂√×
f[147-156]A0A452DI34VGINYWLAHKACE抑制剂、抗氧化DPP-Ⅳ抑制剂×√
α-S1-酪蛋白f[123-130]A0A9W3F965CSN1S1LLQLEAIRDPP-Ⅳ抑制剂√×
f[195-208]P02662SDIPNPIGSENSEK抗菌×√
f[209-214]TTMPLWACE抑制剂、抗菌、免疫×√
f[42-49]PFPEVFGKACE抑制剂×√
f[130-138]NAVPITPTL抗氧化、骨合成代谢×√
f[189-196]FALPQYLKACE抑制剂、抗氧化×√
f[40-47]NMAINPSKACE抑制剂×√
f[204-212]AMKPWIQPKACE抑制剂×√
f[205-212]MKPWIQPKACE抑制剂×√
f[96-106]ALNEINQFYQKACE抑制剂×√
f[83-98]FQSEEQQQTEDELQDK促进钙吸收×√
f[148-155]VKEAMAPK抗菌、抗氧化×√
β-酪蛋白f[220-233]A0A452DHW7CSN2VLPVPQKAVPYPQR抗菌√√
f[99-106]IHPFAQTQ改善记忆丧失、抑制PEP×√
f[227-233]AVPYPQRACE抑制剂、抗菌、抗氧化、结合、脂氧合酶抑制剂×√
f[243-252]YQEPVLGPVR抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌、ACE抑制剂√√
f[242-252]LYQEPVLGPVR抗炎、免疫×√
f[220-226]VLPVPQKACE抑制剂、ACE抑制剂、抗凋亡√√
f[253-259]GPFPIIVACE抑制剂×√
f[241-252]LLYQEPVLGPVRACE抑制剂×√
β-乳球蛋白f[49-56]A0A3Q1LYE8PAEPDAQSAPLR抗菌×√
f[100-107]IDALNENK抗菌、促进增殖×√
f[141-151]TPEVDDEALEK抗菌、DPP- IV抑制剂×√
f[108-116]VLVLDTDYK抗菌、DPP- IV抑制剂×√
f[41-56]AASDISLLDAQSAPLR抗菌×√
f[158-164]ALPMHIRACE抑制剂、减少的血管收缩素-1释放、刺激增殖×√
f[48-56]LDAQSAPLRACE抑制剂×√
f[110-116]VLDTDYKACE抑制剂×√
f[17-24]LIVTQTMK免疫反应×√
κ-酪蛋白f[46-55]A0A140T8A9CSN3YIPIQYVLSR抗炎、C3a受体激动剂、收缩、降压×√
f[119-126]HPHPHLSFACE抑制剂、抗氧化、促骨形成×√
f[127-133]MAIPPKKACE抑制剂、抗凝血酶、抗血栓√√
), ArticleFig(id=1321170254076687123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Peptide Ranker score >0.5 protein peptides in camel milk and cow milk

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源蛋白质名称Uniport ID基因名称氨基酸序列得分
驼乳β-1,4-半乳糖基转移酶1f[51-59]A0A9W3F6C2B4GALT1GAALLPPLR0.88
上颌下腺雄激素调节蛋白3A f[52-59]A0A9W3FKT4SMR3APYLPFQPR0.85
β-酪蛋白f[1-10]A0A077SL35CSN2FLPPLQPAVM0.82
中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白f[27-35]A0A9W3GQ90LCN2LIPAPPLLR0.79
黏蛋白15f[318-329]A0A9W3GZ61MUC15DGIPMDDIPPLR0.78
嗜乳脂蛋白亚家族1成员A1亚型3f[233-242]A0A9W3FG03LOC105084142ISIPAPSFPR0.78
Serpin A3-8异构体X4f[249-258]A0A9W3FJE6LOC105079903IPSLVTPMFR0.78
乳凝集f[399-406]A0A9W3EQ51MFGE8NMFETPFL0.77
中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白f[27-34]A0A9W3GQ90LCN2LIPAPPLL0.76
β-酪蛋白(部分)f[1-8]A0A077B3P4FLPPLQPA0.75
中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白f[27-34]A0A9W3GQ90LCN2LIPAPPL0.73
κ-酪蛋白f[75-83]L0P304csn3FIPYPNYAK0.73
乳铁蛋白f[300-315]A0A9W3F6J9LTFGKPSAFQLFGSPAGQK0.71
κ-酪蛋白f[74-83]L0P304csn3QFIPYPNYAK0.71
低质量蛋白质:脂肪酸合酶f[796-802]A0A9W3EJJ1FASNFLSNMGR0.71
乳铁蛋白f[167-176]A0A9W3EQ51MFGE8NPWIQVNLLR0.70
蛋白质二硫键异构酶A3f[131-140]A0A9W3F3I1PDIA3QAGPASVPLR0.69
肽聚糖识别蛋白1f[130-136]A0A9W3GMC1PGLYRP1MGNYMNR0.66
乳过氧化物酶异构体X1 f[348-355]A0A9W3EK51LPODLSSPLGL0.66
α-S2-酪蛋白亚型X2 f[101-107]A0A9W3F984LOC105080410NPWDQGK0.66
乳铁蛋白f[633-639]A0A9W3F6J9LTFQQAHFGR0.66
低质量蛋白质:脂肪酸合酶f[1583-1591]A0A9W3EJJ1FASNLSPDAIPGK0.65
β-酪蛋白f[94-107]A0A077SL35CSN2PLQPAVMVPFLQPK0.65
β-酪蛋白f[96-107]A0A077SL35CSN2QPAVMVPFLQPK0.65
α-S2-酪蛋白亚型X2 f[110-118]A0A9W3F984LOC105080410AYPFIPTVN0.64
β-酪蛋白f[219-227]A0A077SL35CSN2GLHPVPQPL0.64
β-酪蛋白f[219-229]A0A077SL35CSN2GLHPVPQPLVP0.64
包含Ig样结构域的蛋白f[178-188]A0A3Q1N3I9PIQHQDWTGGK0.63
黄嘌呤脱氢酶/氧化酶亚型X2 f[1229-1240]A0A9W3EG81XDHIPAFGSIPTEFR0.63
肽聚糖识别蛋白1 f[113-124]A0A9W3GMC1PGLYRP1GAHAGPTWNPIS0.63
β-酪蛋白f[219-231]A0A077SL35CSN2GLHPVPQPLVPVI0.63
乳脂球EGF和因子Ⅴ/Ⅷ结构域f[168-175]F1MXX6MFGE8NPWIQVNL0.62
β-酪蛋白f[97-107]A0A077SL35CSN2PAVMVPFLQPK0.62
中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白f[36-42]A0A9W3GQ90LCN2VPLQPDF0.62
α-S1-酪蛋白f[140-146]A0A9W3F965CSN1S1LSSHPYL0.60
骨桥蛋白f[156-164]A0A9W3F4V6SPP1GDNIGYALR0.60
黏蛋白16样蛋f[2751-2758]A0A9W3G4A7LOC105068410SEYQLNFR0.60
乳脂球EGF和因子Ⅴ/Ⅷ结构域f[135-143]F1MXX6MFGE8HLGFMGLQR0.59
β-酪蛋白f[100-107]A0A077SL35CSN2MVPFLQPK0.59
Butyrophilin亚家族1成员A1异构体X3 f[334-341]A0A9W3FG03LOC105084142LPETPDRF0.59
β-酪蛋白f[219-230]A0A077SL35CSN2GLHPVPQPLVPV0.59
钠/氢交换调节因子NHE-RF1 f[2-13]A0A9W3GPX9SLC9A3R1SADSAAGAPLPR0.59
低质量蛋白质:脂肪酸合酶f[2121-2129]A0A9W3EJJ1FASNAVAHILGIR0.58
黄嘌呤脱氢酶/氧化酶亚型X2f[959-966]A0A9W3EG81LOC105080410LEGFNLPR0.57
骨桥蛋白f[156-164]A0A9W3F4V6SPP1GDNIGYAL0.57
κ-酪蛋白f[73-83]L0P304csn3NQFIPYPNYAK0.57
肌动蛋白f[19-28]A0A9W3F4H2ACTBAGFAGDDAPR0.56
白蛋白f[361-371]A0A9W3F988ALBHPEYAVSLLLR0.56
乳黏着蛋白f[399-408]A0A9W3EQ51MFGE8NMFETPFLAR0.55
低质量蛋白质:硫醇氧化酶1f[511-523]A0A9W3EPQ9QSOX1IVLDLPSAGLSPR0.55
β-酪蛋白f[98-107]A0A077SL35CSN2AVMVPFLQPK0.55
单核细胞分化抗原CD14 f[309-315]A0A9W3FCP8CD14APRPDEL0.54
糖基化依赖性细胞粘附分子1异构体X1f[181-187]A0A9W3F2R1LOC105076320ETMDFL0.54
乳过氧化物酶异构体X1f[447-453]A0A9W3EK51LPOMQIITFR0.54
低质量蛋白质:硫醇氧化酶1f[514-523]A0A9W3EPQ9QSOX1DLPSAGLSPR0.54
丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂 A3-8异构体X4f[241-248]A0A9W3FJE6LOC105079903SVEVPMMR0.54
低质量蛋白质:脂肪酸合酶f[1407-1415]A0A9W3EJJ1FASNLAPQASPVF0.54
β-酪蛋白f[65-71]A0A077SL35CSN2IYTFPQP0.54
醌氧化还原酶f[250-257]A0A9W3GYB7CRYZGPIEINPR0.53
κ-酪蛋白f[77-83]L0P304csn3PYPNYAK0.53
β-酪蛋白f[209-218]A0A077SL35CSN2FQEPVPDPVR0.53
乳脂球EGF和因子Ⅴ/Ⅷ结构域f[415-421]F1MXX6MFGE8PVAWHNR0.53
β-酪蛋白f[190-199]A0A077SL35CSN2PQQMVPYPQR0.52
β-酪蛋白f[207-218]A0A077SL35CSN2LPFQEPVPDPVR0.52
补体衰变加速因子f[176-186]A0A9W3HP00CD55NGHVIIPDGIL0.51
α-S2-酪蛋白异构体X2 f[86-93]A0A9W3F984LOC105080410FLQYLQAL0.51
嗜乳脂蛋白亚家族1成员A1异构体X3f[494-502]A0A9W3FG03LOC105084142EIPLSPMAG0.51
κ-酪蛋白f[76-83]L0P304csn3IPYPNYAK0.51
乳黏着蛋白f[413-420]A0A9W3EQ51MFGE8LPVAWHNR0.50
α-S1-酪蛋白f[47-55]A0A9W3F965CSN1S1AVVSPIQFR0.50
牛乳铁传递蛋白f[143-152]G3X6N3TFSAGWNIPMGK0.91
α-S1-酪蛋白P02662CSN1S1FVAPFPEVFGK0.84
低质量蛋白质:肌联蛋白f[38-49]A0A9W3GCD8TTNPFPEVLW0.83
α-S1-酪蛋白f[41-49]P02662CSN1S1APFPEVFGK0.83
乳转铁蛋白f[308-315]B3VTM3LFFGSPPGQR0.81
κ-酪蛋白f[76-84]A0A140T8A9CSN3FLPYPYYAK0.79
免疫球蛋白样结构域蛋白f[341-348]G5E513GFAPADVF0.79
ATP结合盒亚家族G成员2f[477-485]A7E3T8ABCG2LLSDLLPMR0.79
α-S2-酪蛋白f[189-195]P02663CSN1S2FALPQYL0.78
α-S1-酪蛋白f[40-49]P02662CSN1S1VAPFPEVFGK0.77
κ-酪蛋白f[90-97]A0A140T8A9CSN3SPAQILQW0.76
E1A激活基因阻遏子1f[45-53]A0A3Q1LS20CREG1LLLPPLPPR0.76
β-酪蛋白f[234-240]A0A452DHW7CSN2DMPIQAF0.72
α-S2-酪蛋白f[206-212]P02663CSN1S2KPWIQPK0.71
NFX1型锌指蛋白1f[706-712]A0A9W3GAE9ZNFX1NLPMHLR0.71
乳转铁蛋白f[305-315]B3VTM3LFFQLFGSPPGQR0.68
黄嘌呤脱氢酶/氧化酶f[931-938]A0A3Q1LW91XDHGFGGPQAL0.66
κ-酪蛋白f[78-84]A0A140T8A9CSN3PYPYYAK0.66
α-乳白蛋白f[148-156]A0A452DI34LALBAGINYWLAHK0.65
κ-酪蛋白f[74-84]A0A140T8A9CSN3NQFLPYPYYAK0.65
40S核糖体蛋白S24类似物f[28-34]A0A9W3H8R9LOC105081288TPPDVIF0.65
含解整素和金属蛋白酶结构域蛋白25类似物f[8-15]A0A9W3FEL2LOC105083421VAPYPGAR0.64
免疫球蛋白轻链λ基因簇f[133-144]Q1RMN8IGL@SPPSVTLFPPST0.64
囊泡胺转运1f[77-91]F1MUP9VAT1PAAPSAPGTGQLTLR0.63
免疫球蛋白轻链λ基因簇f[293-301]A5D7Q2FTWNPTGGK0.62
κ-酪蛋白f[77-84]A0A140T8A9CSN3LPYPYYAK0.61
乳过氧化物酶f[722-729]G3MXZ0LPODLSPWASR0.60
乳转铁蛋白f[256-262]B3VTM3LFAPVDAFK0.59
脂蛋白脂酶f[201-208]P11151LPLLSPDDADF0.58
黄嘌呤脱氢酶/氧化酶f[458-465]A0A3Q1LW91XDHVLFQPGSM0.57
多聚免疫球蛋白受体蛋白f[608-625]A6QNW3PIGRDAAGGPGAPADPGRPTGY0.56
类似Sal蛋白4 f[330-340]A0A9W3GV78SALL4LPGALLPQAPG0.56
免疫球蛋白样结构域蛋白f[179-188]A0A3Q1N3I9IQHQDWTGGK0.56
β-酪蛋白f[238-252]A0A452DHW7CSN2QAFLLYQEPVLGPVR0.54
免疫球蛋白轻链λ基因簇f[318-324]G5E513YLLPPTR0.54
α-S1-酪蛋白f[23-37]P02662CSN1S1HQGLPQEVLNENLLR0.54
免疫球蛋白轻链λ基因簇f[293-301]G5E513HSDLPFPEK0.53
脂蛋白脂酶f[21-30]A0A3Q1LR40LIPGDPTPLGPEGR0.52
多聚免疫球蛋白受体f[20-27]A6QNW3PIGRSPIFGPEE0.51
β-酪蛋白f[131-147]A0A452DHW7CSN2PVVVPPFLQPEVMGVSK0.51
乳脂肪球表皮生长因子和凝血因子Ⅴ/Ⅷ结构域包含蛋白f[211-220]F1MXX6MFGE8QFQFIQVAGR0.51
白蛋白f[131-138]A0A140T897ALBDDSPDLPK0.51
孕激素相关子宫内膜蛋白f[165-172]A0A3Q1LYE8PAEPLSFNPTQL0.51
孕激素相关子宫内膜蛋白f[157-164]A0A3Q1LYE8PAEPKALPMHIR0.51
), ArticleFig(id=1321170254160573204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170241481192112, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

驼乳与牛乳中 Peptide Ranker评分>0.5的蛋白肽

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源蛋白质名称Uniport ID基因名称氨基酸序列得分
驼乳β-1,4-半乳糖基转移酶1f[51-59]A0A9W3F6C2B4GALT1GAALLPPLR0.88
上颌下腺雄激素调节蛋白3A f[52-59]A0A9W3FKT4SMR3APYLPFQPR0.85
β-酪蛋白f[1-10]A0A077SL35CSN2FLPPLQPAVM0.82
中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白f[27-35]A0A9W3GQ90LCN2LIPAPPLLR0.79
黏蛋白15f[318-329]A0A9W3GZ61MUC15DGIPMDDIPPLR0.78
嗜乳脂蛋白亚家族1成员A1亚型3f[233-242]A0A9W3FG03LOC105084142ISIPAPSFPR0.78
Serpin A3-8异构体X4f[249-258]A0A9W3FJE6LOC105079903IPSLVTPMFR0.78
乳凝集f[399-406]A0A9W3EQ51MFGE8NMFETPFL0.77
中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白f[27-34]A0A9W3GQ90LCN2LIPAPPLL0.76
β-酪蛋白(部分)f[1-8]A0A077B3P4FLPPLQPA0.75
中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白f[27-34]A0A9W3GQ90LCN2LIPAPPL0.73
κ-酪蛋白f[75-83]L0P304csn3FIPYPNYAK0.73
乳铁蛋白f[300-315]A0A9W3F6J9LTFGKPSAFQLFGSPAGQK0.71
κ-酪蛋白f[74-83]L0P304csn3QFIPYPNYAK0.71
低质量蛋白质:脂肪酸合酶f[796-802]A0A9W3EJJ1FASNFLSNMGR0.71
乳铁蛋白f[167-176]A0A9W3EQ51MFGE8NPWIQVNLLR0.70
蛋白质二硫键异构酶A3f[131-140]A0A9W3F3I1PDIA3QAGPASVPLR0.69
肽聚糖识别蛋白1f[130-136]A0A9W3GMC1PGLYRP1MGNYMNR0.66
乳过氧化物酶异构体X1 f[348-355]A0A9W3EK51LPODLSSPLGL0.66
α-S2-酪蛋白亚型X2 f[101-107]A0A9W3F984LOC105080410NPWDQGK0.66
乳铁蛋白f[633-639]A0A9W3F6J9LTFQQAHFGR0.66
低质量蛋白质:脂肪酸合酶f[1583-1591]A0A9W3EJJ1FASNLSPDAIPGK0.65
β-酪蛋白f[94-107]A0A077SL35CSN2PLQPAVMVPFLQPK0.65
β-酪蛋白f[96-107]A0A077SL35CSN2QPAVMVPFLQPK0.65
α-S2-酪蛋白亚型X2 f[110-118]A0A9W3F984LOC105080410AYPFIPTVN0.64
β-酪蛋白f[219-227]A0A077SL35CSN2GLHPVPQPL0.64
β-酪蛋白f[219-229]A0A077SL35CSN2GLHPVPQPLVP0.64
包含Ig样结构域的蛋白f[178-188]A0A3Q1N3I9PIQHQDWTGGK0.63
黄嘌呤脱氢酶/氧化酶亚型X2 f[1229-1240]A0A9W3EG81XDHIPAFGSIPTEFR0.63
肽聚糖识别蛋白1 f[113-124]A0A9W3GMC1PGLYRP1GAHAGPTWNPIS0.63
β-酪蛋白f[219-231]A0A077SL35CSN2GLHPVPQPLVPVI0.63
乳脂球EGF和因子Ⅴ/Ⅷ结构域f[168-175]F1MXX6MFGE8NPWIQVNL0.62
β-酪蛋白f[97-107]A0A077SL35CSN2PAVMVPFLQPK0.62
中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白f[36-42]A0A9W3GQ90LCN2VPLQPDF0.62
α-S1-酪蛋白f[140-146]A0A9W3F965CSN1S1LSSHPYL0.60
骨桥蛋白f[156-164]A0A9W3F4V6SPP1GDNIGYALR0.60
黏蛋白16样蛋f[2751-2758]A0A9W3G4A7LOC105068410SEYQLNFR0.60
乳脂球EGF和因子Ⅴ/Ⅷ结构域f[135-143]F1MXX6MFGE8HLGFMGLQR0.59
β-酪蛋白f[100-107]A0A077SL35CSN2MVPFLQPK0.59
Butyrophilin亚家族1成员A1异构体X3 f[334-341]A0A9W3FG03LOC105084142LPETPDRF0.59
β-酪蛋白f[219-230]A0A077SL35CSN2GLHPVPQPLVPV0.59
钠/氢交换调节因子NHE-RF1 f[2-13]A0A9W3GPX9SLC9A3R1SADSAAGAPLPR0.59
低质量蛋白质:脂肪酸合酶f[2121-2129]A0A9W3EJJ1FASNAVAHILGIR0.58
黄嘌呤脱氢酶/氧化酶亚型X2f[959-966]A0A9W3EG81LOC105080410LEGFNLPR0.57
骨桥蛋白f[156-164]A0A9W3F4V6SPP1GDNIGYAL0.57
κ-酪蛋白f[73-83]L0P304csn3NQFIPYPNYAK0.57
肌动蛋白f[19-28]A0A9W3F4H2ACTBAGFAGDDAPR0.56
白蛋白f[361-371]A0A9W3F988ALBHPEYAVSLLLR0.56
乳黏着蛋白f[399-408]A0A9W3EQ51MFGE8NMFETPFLAR0.55
低质量蛋白质:硫醇氧化酶1f[511-523]A0A9W3EPQ9QSOX1IVLDLPSAGLSPR0.55
β-酪蛋白f[98-107]A0A077SL35CSN2AVMVPFLQPK0.55
单核细胞分化抗原CD14 f[309-315]A0A9W3FCP8CD14APRPDEL0.54
糖基化依赖性细胞粘附分子1异构体X1f[181-187]A0A9W3F2R1LOC105076320ETMDFL0.54
乳过氧化物酶异构体X1f[447-453]A0A9W3EK51LPOMQIITFR0.54
低质量蛋白质:硫醇氧化酶1f[514-523]A0A9W3EPQ9QSOX1DLPSAGLSPR0.54
丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂 A3-8异构体X4f[241-248]A0A9W3FJE6LOC105079903SVEVPMMR0.54
低质量蛋白质:脂肪酸合酶f[1407-1415]A0A9W3EJJ1FASNLAPQASPVF0.54
β-酪蛋白f[65-71]A0A077SL35CSN2IYTFPQP0.54
醌氧化还原酶f[250-257]A0A9W3GYB7CRYZGPIEINPR0.53
κ-酪蛋白f[77-83]L0P304csn3PYPNYAK0.53
β-酪蛋白f[209-218]A0A077SL35CSN2FQEPVPDPVR0.53
乳脂球EGF和因子Ⅴ/Ⅷ结构域f[415-421]F1MXX6MFGE8PVAWHNR0.53
β-酪蛋白f[190-199]A0A077SL35CSN2PQQMVPYPQR0.52
β-酪蛋白f[207-218]A0A077SL35CSN2LPFQEPVPDPVR0.52
补体衰变加速因子f[176-186]A0A9W3HP00CD55NGHVIIPDGIL0.51
α-S2-酪蛋白异构体X2 f[86-93]A0A9W3F984LOC105080410FLQYLQAL0.51
嗜乳脂蛋白亚家族1成员A1异构体X3f[494-502]A0A9W3FG03LOC105084142EIPLSPMAG0.51
κ-酪蛋白f[76-83]L0P304csn3IPYPNYAK0.51
乳黏着蛋白f[413-420]A0A9W3EQ51MFGE8LPVAWHNR0.50
α-S1-酪蛋白f[47-55]A0A9W3F965CSN1S1AVVSPIQFR0.50
牛乳铁传递蛋白f[143-152]G3X6N3TFSAGWNIPMGK0.91
α-S1-酪蛋白P02662CSN1S1FVAPFPEVFGK0.84
低质量蛋白质:肌联蛋白f[38-49]A0A9W3GCD8TTNPFPEVLW0.83
α-S1-酪蛋白f[41-49]P02662CSN1S1APFPEVFGK0.83
乳转铁蛋白f[308-315]B3VTM3LFFGSPPGQR0.81
κ-酪蛋白f[76-84]A0A140T8A9CSN3FLPYPYYAK0.79
免疫球蛋白样结构域蛋白f[341-348]G5E513GFAPADVF0.79
ATP结合盒亚家族G成员2f[477-485]A7E3T8ABCG2LLSDLLPMR0.79
α-S2-酪蛋白f[189-195]P02663CSN1S2FALPQYL0.78
α-S1-酪蛋白f[40-49]P02662CSN1S1VAPFPEVFGK0.77
κ-酪蛋白f[90-97]A0A140T8A9CSN3SPAQILQW0.76
E1A激活基因阻遏子1f[45-53]A0A3Q1LS20CREG1LLLPPLPPR0.76
β-酪蛋白f[234-240]A0A452DHW7CSN2DMPIQAF0.72
α-S2-酪蛋白f[206-212]P02663CSN1S2KPWIQPK0.71
NFX1型锌指蛋白1f[706-712]A0A9W3GAE9ZNFX1NLPMHLR0.71
乳转铁蛋白f[305-315]B3VTM3LFFQLFGSPPGQR0.68
黄嘌呤脱氢酶/氧化酶f[931-938]A0A3Q1LW91XDHGFGGPQAL0.66
κ-酪蛋白f[78-84]A0A140T8A9CSN3PYPYYAK0.66
α-乳白蛋白f[148-156]A0A452DI34LALBAGINYWLAHK0.65
κ-酪蛋白f[74-84]A0A140T8A9CSN3NQFLPYPYYAK0.65
40S核糖体蛋白S24类似物f[28-34]A0A9W3H8R9LOC105081288TPPDVIF0.65
含解整素和金属蛋白酶结构域蛋白25类似物f[8-15]A0A9W3FEL2LOC105083421VAPYPGAR0.64
免疫球蛋白轻链λ基因簇f[133-144]Q1RMN8IGL@SPPSVTLFPPST0.64
囊泡胺转运1f[77-91]F1MUP9VAT1PAAPSAPGTGQLTLR0.63
免疫球蛋白轻链λ基因簇f[293-301]A5D7Q2FTWNPTGGK0.62
κ-酪蛋白f[77-84]A0A140T8A9CSN3LPYPYYAK0.61
乳过氧化物酶f[722-729]G3MXZ0LPODLSPWASR0.60
乳转铁蛋白f[256-262]B3VTM3LFAPVDAFK0.59
脂蛋白脂酶f[201-208]P11151LPLLSPDDADF0.58
黄嘌呤脱氢酶/氧化酶f[458-465]A0A3Q1LW91XDHVLFQPGSM0.57
多聚免疫球蛋白受体蛋白f[608-625]A6QNW3PIGRDAAGGPGAPADPGRPTGY0.56
类似Sal蛋白4 f[330-340]A0A9W3GV78SALL4LPGALLPQAPG0.56
免疫球蛋白样结构域蛋白f[179-188]A0A3Q1N3I9IQHQDWTGGK0.56
β-酪蛋白f[238-252]A0A452DHW7CSN2QAFLLYQEPVLGPVR0.54
免疫球蛋白轻链λ基因簇f[318-324]G5E513YLLPPTR0.54
α-S1-酪蛋白f[23-37]P02662CSN1S1HQGLPQEVLNENLLR0.54
免疫球蛋白轻链λ基因簇f[293-301]G5E513HSDLPFPEK0.53
脂蛋白脂酶f[21-30]A0A3Q1LR40LIPGDPTPLGPEGR0.52
多聚免疫球蛋白受体f[20-27]A6QNW3PIGRSPIFGPEE0.51
β-酪蛋白f[131-147]A0A452DHW7CSN2PVVVPPFLQPEVMGVSK0.51
乳脂肪球表皮生长因子和凝血因子Ⅴ/Ⅷ结构域包含蛋白f[211-220]F1MXX6MFGE8QFQFIQVAGR0.51
白蛋白f[131-138]A0A140T897ALBDDSPDLPK0.51
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基于模拟胃肠道消化的驼乳与牛乳蛋白肽的比较研究
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李丹蕾 1, 2, 3 , 孔夏冰 1, 2, 3 , 陈贺 4 , 于悦 1, 2 , 李国萍 1, 2 , 张九凯 1, 2, * , 陈颖 1, 2, 3
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(3): 146-155
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (3) : 146 -155
基于模拟胃肠道消化的驼乳与牛乳蛋白肽的比较研究
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李丹蕾1, 2, 3 , 孔夏冰1, 2, 3, 陈贺4, 于悦1, 2, 李国萍1, 2, 张九凯1, 2, * , 陈颖1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1中国质量检验检测科学研究院,北京 100176
  • 2国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(食品真实性鉴别),北京 100176
  • 3北京工商大学食品与健康学院,北京 100048
  • 4新疆农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐 830091
通讯作者:
张九凯(1986−)(ORCID:0000−0002−7284−6748),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:食品真实性鉴别与品质识别,E-mail:。
作者简介:

李丹蕾(1999−)(ORCID:0009−0008−2309−9142),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品真实性鉴别与品质识别,E-mail:

Comparative Study of Camel and Cow Milk Protein Peptides Based on Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion
Danlei LI1, 2, 3 , Xiabing KONG1, 2, 3, He CHEN4, Yue YU1, 2, Guoping LI1, 2, Jiukai ZHANG1, 2, * , Ying CHEN1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1Chinese Academy of Quality and Inspection and Testing, Beijing 100176, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Food Authenticity Identification, State Administration for Market Regulation, Beijing 100176, China
  • 3School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
  • 4Xinjiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Urumqi 830091, China
出版时间: 2026-02-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020151
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驼乳是西北地区重要的特色乳资源,富含多种活性蛋白,其在体内消化过程中释放的生物活性肽具有潜在的健康益处,但目前对其系统研究仍相对较少。本研究通过模拟胃肠道消化,利用液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)对驼乳和牛乳消化后的蛋白肽进行鉴定分析,并结合蛋白肽数据库筛选潜在的生物活性肽。结果显示,共鉴定出1074条蛋白肽,其中驼乳中特有561条,牛乳中特有385条,两种乳品共有128条。这些蛋白肽的分子质量主要集中在750~1000 Da,长度多在七到十一肽之间,多数来源于酪蛋白。通过生物活性数据库分析,从驼乳中鉴定出6条生物活性肽,其中2条为驼乳特有的二肽基肽酶Ⅳ(Dipeptidyl Peptidase Ⅳ,DPP-Ⅳ)抑制活性肽,其余4条与牛乳共有的活性肽则具有血管紧张素转化酶(Angiotensin Converting Enzyme,ACE)抑制、抗菌、抗凝血酶和抗血栓等活性。进一步通过基于机器学习的肽段活性预测工具Peptide Ranker,预测得到驼乳中特有的潜在生物活性肽有70条,牛乳中有44条。这些发现揭示了驼乳在生物活性肽种类多样性及功能特异性方面的独特优势。该研究系统解析了驼乳与牛乳蛋白肽的组成差异,为开发具有精准营养功能的新型乳基食品提供了理论基础和实践指导,有助于推动相关产业的发展。

驼乳  /  牛乳  /  模拟胃肠道消化  /  多肽组学  /  生物活性预测

Camel milk, a characteristic dairy resource in Northwest China, is rich in bioactive peptides. Released during in vivo digestion, bioactive peptides have potential health benefits, however, systematic studies in this field remain limited. In this study, simulated gastrointestinal digestion combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify and analyze peptides in camel and cow milk. Potential bioactive peptides were screened using peptide databases. The analysis identified 1074 peptides, including 561 unique to camel milk, 385 unique to cow milk, and 128 identical in both. These peptides predominantly had molecular weights of 750~1000 Da and lengths of 7~11 amino acids, most of which originated from casein. Bioactivity database analysis identified six bioactive peptides in camel milk, including two camel-specific dipeptidyl peptidase Ⅳ inhibitory peptides. The remaining four peptides, as in cow milk, had angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory, antimicrobial, antithrombin, and antithrombotic activities. In addition, the machine-learning-based peptide activity prediction tool, Peptide Ranker, predicted 70 potential bioactive peptides unique to camel milk and 44 unique to cow milk. These findings revealed the unique advantages of camel milk in terms of the diversity of bioactive peptide types and functional specificity. The study systematically elucidated the compositional differences of protein peptides between camel milk and cow milk, providing a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the development of novel dairy-based foods with precise nutritional functions, and contributing to the advancement of the relevant industries.

camel milk  /  cow milk  /  simulates gastrointestinal digestion  /  peptidomics  /  bioactivity prediction
李丹蕾, 孔夏冰, 陈贺, 于悦, 李国萍, 张九凯, 陈颖. 基于模拟胃肠道消化的驼乳与牛乳蛋白肽的比较研究. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (3) : 146 -155 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020151
Danlei LI, Xiabing KONG, He CHEN, Yue YU, Guoping LI, Jiukai ZHANG, Ying CHEN. Comparative Study of Camel and Cow Milk Protein Peptides Based on Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (3) : 146 -155 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020151
驼乳营养丰富,对西北地区的饮食和经济具有重要意义。2024年3月,国家卫生健康委发布的《GB 19644-2024食品安全国家标准 乳粉和调制乳粉》正式纳入了驼乳等特色奶畜的奶粉及其基本要求,进一步促进了驼乳产业的高质量发展。与牛乳相比,驼乳乳清蛋白含量较高,不含有易于致敏的β-乳球蛋白[1]。富含多种活性蛋白,包括参与PI3K-Akt信号通路的长链脂肪酸-CoA连接酶等代谢相关蛋白[2],以及乳铁蛋白、乳过氧化物酶等免疫营养因子[3]。此外,驼乳酪蛋白中含有特有的乳清酸性蛋白和铁蛋白重链[4],进一步突显其营养价值。
近年来,营养学研究发现,乳制品中的蛋白质在消化过程中可分解为由2~50个氨基酸残基组成的小分子肽段[5],这些肽段在消化后被激活,具有多种生物学作用[6]。体外消化模型广泛用于模拟人体消化过程,以评估食物的营养和生物活性[7]。在特色乳品的生物活性肽分析中,该模型展现出了显著的应用价值。Li等[8]利用多肽生物活性数据库分析了牦牛、黄牛和犏牛乳清蛋白在模拟胃肠道消化后的产物,发现一些多肽具有抗氧化和ACE抑制等多种生物活性。Shi等[9]和魏光强等[10]的研究也发现,在模拟消化后,云南传统乳制品(如乳扇和奶渣)中的蛋白肽分子量主要集中在500~1000 Da,且存在多种具有免疫调节和抗菌作用的生物活性肽。这些发现进一步凸显了这些传统乳制品的高生物学价值。此外,Basilicata等[11]对六种水牛乳产品进行了研究,揭示了其中存在多种ACE抑制肽等活性肽,并强调了制造工艺对肽生物利用性的重要影响。Moreno-Montoro等[12]的研究发现,超滤羊奶和植物乳杆菌发酵羊奶在模拟消化后能够释放出长度主要集中在7~20个氨基酸的蛋白肽,透析膜分离实验表明,部分具有生物活性的肽段在透析后仍能被有效检测到,这表明这些肽段在消化过程中具有较高的稳定性,可能在人体内发挥生理功能,显示出显著的健康促进潜力。
已有研究显示脱脂驼乳粉相较于牛乳粉有更高的消化率,且能产生更小的粒子和低分子量肽段[13]。Zou等[14]的研究比较了单峰驼乳、牛乳和人乳的消化特性,表明驼乳适合作为婴儿配方奶粉的蛋白质来源。中国作为全球双峰驼核心分布区之一,驼乳富含优质蛋白,可作为生物活性肽的重要来源,基于此,本研究通过对比双峰驼乳与牛乳原料乳在模拟胃肠道消化后的蛋白肽谱,旨在揭示两者蛋白肽种类和来源的差异。并鉴定潜在生物活性肽,为推动驼乳的研究与应用提供科学支持。
驼乳样本 来源于新疆维吾尔自治区哈密市伊州区某合作社的准噶尔双峰驼;荷斯坦奶牛乳样本 采集自北京某乳品公司的牧场。每种乳样均设有6个生物学重复。所有参与采样的动物均为混合养殖方式,并处于泌乳中期。在实验过程中,每头动物提供的乳汁样本均被视作独立的生物学重复样本进行分析。样品采集后立即进行低温保存,并经冻干处理后制成粉末,最终于−80 ℃冰箱中保存,以待后续分析;尿素(Urea,UA) 北京伊诺凯有限公司;三羟甲基氨基甲烷盐酸盐(Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride,Tris-HCl) 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;胃蛋白酶(来自猪胃黏膜,≥250 U/mg)、胰蛋白酶(来自牛胰腺,≥10000 U/mg)、Bradford试剂盒 美国Sigma-Aldrich公司;考马斯亮蓝G-250、牛血清白蛋白 北京鼎国生物技术有限公司;二硫苏糖醇(Dithiothreitol,DTT)、三氟乙酸(Trifluoroacetic acid,TFA) 上海生工生物工程股份有限公司;iRT Kit 美国Biognosys公司;5 kDa超滤膜 德国Sartorius公司;甲酸、乙腈 上海TCI公司。
FD-1A-50 冷冻干燥机 上海比朗仪器制造有限公司;Q-Exactive HFX质谱仪、Easy-nLC 1000液相色谱仪 美国赛默飞世尔科技公司。
蛋白质的提取参考了董雅静等[15]的实验方法,并进行了适当调整。准确称取200 mg乳样冻干粉,置于50 mL离心管中,随后加入10 mL UA裂解液(7 mol/L尿素,50 mmol/L Tris-HCl,pH7.8)。使用涡旋振荡器进行充分混匀,直至冻干粉完全溶解。将混合液置于冰浴中,使用超声波处理器处理30 min。随后,在4 ℃下以12000×g离心20 min,去除不溶性杂质,收集上清液。采用Bradford法测定蛋白浓度。提取的蛋白溶液分装至1.5 mL离心管中,置于−80 ℃冰箱保存,以备后续实验使用。
参考Brodkorb等[16]以及Liu等[17]的方法,对来自驼乳和牛乳的乳蛋白进行体外胃肠道消化,并进行了适当修改。具体步骤如下:首先将驼乳和牛乳蛋白置于37 ℃的水浴中预热,随后用1.0 mol/L HCl调节pH至1.5。按照2%(w/w蛋白质)的比例加入胃蛋白酶,将混合物置于37 ℃的摇床中连续振荡孵育2 h。接着使用1.0 mol/L NaOH将胃消化后的混合物pH调节至7.5,加入2%(w/w蛋白质)的胰蛋白酶,在37 ℃下继续振荡孵育2 h。然后将反应混合物置于95 ℃的沸水中加热10 min,以终止消化反应。将反应混合物在4 ℃下以8000×g的转速离心15 min,收集上清液。
针对肽段样本,将收集到的上清液采用5 kDa超滤膜进行过滤。随后使用C18 Cartridge进行脱盐处理,具体操作如下:用10 mL甲醇和10 mL超纯水依次活化和冲洗C18 Cartridge,使填料充分润湿。用HCl将酶解肽段溶液pH调至2~3,缓慢加入活化的小柱中,控制流速1 mL/min以确保充分吸附。再用10 mL含0.1% TFA的超纯水以同样流速洗涤小柱去除杂质,最后用10 mL含50%乙腈和0.1% TFA的溶液以1 mL/min的流速洗脱肽段,收集洗脱液于干净的离心管中,进行冻干处理。冻干后的肽段样本加入20 μL 0.1%甲酸溶液进行复溶,并通过在OD280条件下测定肽段的浓度。在2 μg酶解肽段中加入6 μL 1×iRT标准肽段后,随后进行质谱检测。
参照Li等[18]的方法,使用纳升流速HPLC系统进行样品色谱分离。流动相A为0.1%甲酸水溶液,流动相B为0.1%甲酸乙腈水溶液。色谱柱首先以95%A平衡,样品通过自动进样器上样至捕获柱(Thermo Scientific Acclaim PepMap100,100 μm×2 cm,nanoViper C18),随后在分析柱(Thermo Scientific EASY Column,75 μm×10 cm,3 μm,C18)上进行分离,流速设定为300 nL/min。分离后的样品通过Q-Exactive HFX质谱仪进行分析。梯度洗脱程序如下:0~3.0 min,B:0%;3.0~68 min,B:0%~30%;68~83 min,B:30%~55%;83~85 min,B:55%~100%;85~90 min,B:100%。质谱条件:正离子模式,母离子扫描范围为300~1800 m/z,一级质谱分辨率设为60000,AGC目标值为1×106,最大注射时间为50 ms,动态排除时间为30 s。MS2扫描设置:每次循环采集20次碎片图谱,采用HCD激活,隔离窗口宽度为1.5 m/z,二级质谱分辨率设为15000,碰撞能量为30 eV,Underfill比率设为0.1%。
DIA数据采用Spectronaut软件进行处理,数据库来源于UniProt,涵盖的物种包括骆驼(Camelus bactrianus)和牛(Bos taurus)。软件参数设置如下:retention time prediction type设置为dynamic iRT;interference on MS2 level correction设置为enabled;cross run normalization设置为enabled。所有结果必须通过设定的过滤参数,Q Value cutoff为0.01(相当于FDR<1%)。
采用Microsoft Excel 2019软件对数据进行处理及分析。采用IBM SPSS Statistics 25中独立样本t检验进行差异显著性分析,显著性定义为P<0.05。使用R语言工具包进行火山图、热图的绘制。
先通过BIOPEP[19](https://www.uwm.edu.pl/biochemia/index.php/en/biopep)和MBPDB[20](https://mbpdb.nws.oregonstate.edu/)数据库对多肽的功能活性进行了分析。这些数据库收录了众多经过实验验证并报道的生物活性肽,并且随着科研进展不断更新扩充。同时利用在线肽段活性预测数据库Peptide Ranker(https://distilldeep.ucd.ie/PeptideRanker/)来对鉴定到的多肽进行生物活性预测,它是一种用于预测肽段活性的机器学习算法,会为每个独特的肽序列分配了一个介于0~1之间的生物活性概率评分,接近1的评分表示该肽具有较高的可能性展现生物活性。根据这一标准,评分超过0.5的多肽被普遍认为具有显著的生物活性[21]。
本研究采用液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)技术对驼乳和牛乳的消化产物进行了肽段序列解析,将驼乳和牛乳消化产物与现有的蛋白数据库进行比对,共鉴定出1208条蛋白肽,对定量多肽进行筛选时,以半数以上数据具有有效值作为标准。共检测到1074条蛋白肽,其中源自驼乳的特有蛋白肽为561条,源自牛乳特有的蛋白肽为385条,两个品种共有的多肽为128条(图1)。这一结果不仅揭示了驼乳和牛乳在蛋白质氨基酸序列组成上的差异,而且也反映了它们在消化过程中产生的多肽谱的差异。
乳品消化产物的分子质量分布分析显示,驼乳与牛乳多肽主要分布于500~3500 Da区间,其中750~1250 Da组分占比最高(图2)。具体而言,750~1000 Da多肽在驼乳和牛乳中分别占36.97%与42.42%,其次是1000~1250 Da的组分,分别占各自蛋白肽总量的31.58%和31.57%。驼乳中500~1000 Da多肽的累积占比显著低于牛乳(P<0.05),而1250~3500 Da大分子多肽比例显著更高(P<0.05),表明驼乳蛋白在消化过程中更易生成大分子量水解产物。分子质量分布特征与蛋白酶切割位点选择性及肽键断裂效率密切相关[22],且750~1250 Da多肽因分子量较低,可能通过肠上皮被动扩散或主动转运机制高效吸收[9],结果提示两种酶解产物均具有潜在生物可利用性。进一步分析多肽链长分布发现,驼乳与牛乳中多肽主要集中于7~11个氨基酸残基区间(图3),其中八肽占比最高,驼乳和牛乳中八肽的占比分别为16.87%和19.55%。差异对比显示,驼乳中7~10个氨基酸组成的蛋白肽占比显著低于牛乳(P<0.05),而由11~13个氨基酸组成的蛋白肽的比例则显著更高(P<0.05),表明驼乳酶解产物具有长链多肽富集特性。从结构化学角度,长链多肽因更多氨基酸残基可形成密集的分子内氢键网络及疏水相互作用,显著增强其构象稳定性。这种稳定性可能延缓消化酶切割效率,使长链多肽以完整形式抵达靶点,从而延长其功能活性[23]。相比之下,短链多肽因分子量较低,更易通过肠道快速吸收并参与免疫调节、抗氧化等生理过程[24]。上述结果表明,驼乳酶解产物中长链多肽的富集特性可能赋予其缓释功能优势,而牛乳中高比例短链多肽则利于快速生物效应。二者差异为乳源功能成分的精准开发提供了理论依据。
驼乳和牛乳在蛋白质组成、酪蛋白胶束结构以及氨基酸序列上存在显著差异,这些差异对它们的消化性、生物活性以及对健康的潜在益处产生影响。图4展示了驼乳与牛乳中蛋白肽的主要来源。在驼乳中,主要的蛋白质贡献者包括β-酪蛋白(9.72%)、α-S1-酪蛋白(7.26%)和白蛋白(5.95%)。而在牛乳中,免疫球蛋白轻链,λ基因簇(11.89%)、α-S1-酪蛋白(6.43%)和β-酪蛋白(6.04%)是蛋白肽的主要来源。
Zhang等[25]在对单峰驼和双峰驼乳内源性多肽的比较分析中,在单峰驼乳中,有55%的肽段来自β-酪蛋白,在双峰驼乳中没有发现来自β-酪蛋白的内源性肽段[14]。Jiang等[13]的研究通过模拟消化脱脂驼乳粉,发现蛋白肽源于β-酪蛋白的数量最多。在本研究中,驼乳中也得到了同样的结果,蛋白肽的产生数量和种类,并非仅与亲本蛋白的丰度有关,还可能受到酶解条件、蛋白底物的结构和大小等多种因素的共同影响[26−27]。此外,在牛乳中发现了β-乳球蛋白的蛋白肽,但在驼乳中没有出现,与前人研究结果一致[13]。在该研究中也鉴定到一些源自乳脂肪球膜蛋白的低丰度的蛋白。如黄嘌呤脱氢酶/氧化酶,乳凝聚素等,这些亲本蛋白质也在Ras奶酪中鉴定到过[28]。
为了探究驼乳和牛乳中蛋白肽的生物活性及其潜在的健康益处,利用BIOPEP和MBPDB数据库对驼乳和牛乳中的蛋白肽进行了分析,结果表明,经酶解处理的蛋白肽呈现出多样化的生物活性特征。驼乳中的肽段ILDKEGIDY和LLQLEAIR显示出的DPP-Ⅳ抑制活性,对血糖控制具有重要意义。DPP-Ⅳ抑制剂通过减少肠促胰岛素的降解,增强胰岛素分泌,从而改善2型糖尿病患者的血糖水平。Nongonierma等[29]通过胰蛋白酶水解驼乳蛋白,利用LC-MS/MS和QSAR模型鉴定了这两条肽段,其IC50值分别为347.8±42.8 µmol/L和177.8±22.2 µmol/L,均表现出显著的DPP-Ⅳ抑制活性。这些肽段在模拟胃肠消化后表现出良好的稳定性,体现它们在人体中具有较高的潜在生物利用度,为驼乳作为糖尿病管理的功能性食品成分提供了科学支持。
在牛乳中,鉴定出28条具有抗氧化、抗菌、免疫调节和ACE抑制等多种生物活性的蛋白肽,其中多数表现出显著的ACE抑制作用。此外,还识别出4种驼乳和牛乳共有的生物活性蛋白肽:VLPVPQKAVPYPQR、YQEPVLGPVR、VLPVPQK和MAIPPKK。Sowmya等[30]研究发现,水牛乳酪蛋白衍生的十肽YQEPVLGPVR具有显著的抗炎和抗氧化特性。该肽在体外和细胞实验中表现出强大的免疫调节能力,能显著抑制小鼠脾细胞的增殖(P<0.01),降低促炎细胞因子IFN-γ的水平,同时提高抗炎细胞因子IL-10和TGF-β的水平,并显著增强小鼠腹膜巨噬细胞的吞噬能力(P<0.01)。Liu等[31]也鉴定到了牛乳酪蛋白衍生肽VLPVPQK,研究发现其对HepG2细胞胰岛素抵抗的影响及其调节机制,能有效清除自由基,逆转高葡萄糖和脂肪酸对HepG2细胞葡萄糖摄取的负面影响,同时不影响细胞活性,并能逆转AKR1B10的抑制。在发酵驴乳中鉴定到的肽段MAIPPKK具有增强抗氧化性和抑制大肠杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌生长的能力,这些特性不仅能够提升驴乳的营养价值,也为开发新型功能性食品提供了重要的生物活性成分[32]。
大多数生物活性肽源自酪蛋白(表1)。酪蛋白含量高、易于消化且具有多种生物活性,为生物活性多肽的来源提供了充足的原料。相较于牛乳,驼乳中鉴定出的蛋白肽段数量虽多,但具有生物活性肽的数量相对较低,这种现象可能由几个因素导致。首先,数据库中收录的生物活性肽大多源自牛乳,而骆驼等特色乳物种的肽段信息相对缺乏[10]。其次,许多肽段可能需要更深入的水解和更精细的分析方法才能揭示其潜在的生物活性。此外,生物活性肽的功能可能依赖于特定的序列、结构或与其他分子的相互作用。同时,由于BIOPEP数据库主要收录较短的肽段,而较长的活性蛋白肽难以被准确鉴定,容易被忽视[9]。
该研究采用模拟胃肠道消化结合生物活性数据库分析的方法,首次对双峰驼乳和牛乳原料乳中的蛋白肽潜在生物活性进行了系统研究。通过模拟人体消化过程,能够更准确地评估这两种乳源蛋白肽在实际消化环境中的生物活性表现。同时,借助生物活性数据库的分析,挖掘这些蛋白肽可能具有的多种生物活性功能,旨在研究二者的差异,为驼乳的开发利用提供科学依据。
为了进一步分析驼乳和牛乳中潜在的生物活性蛋白肽,并识别现有数据库中未记录的活性肽,本研究采用基于机器学习的在线工具Peptide Ranker对驼乳和牛乳中的蛋白肽进行生物活性预测。研究结果显示,驼乳中特有的潜在生物活性蛋白肽共有70条,而牛乳中则有44条(图5)。此外,牛乳中评分超过0.9的肽段有1条。这些数据表明,驼乳和牛乳中存在尚未被充分研究的生物活性肽。驼乳与牛乳中潜在生物活性多肽的主要来源均为酪蛋白,其中驼乳中源自酪蛋白的生物活性肽占比为35.7%,牛乳中占比34.1%。具体氨基酸序列及来源详见表2。该研究揭示了驼乳和牛乳中具有潜在生物活性的成分及其来源,为挖掘乳制品中的功能性成分提供了基础。
在驼乳和牛乳蛋白肽的比较分析过程中,采用了火山图可视化工具,以揭示两组间蛋白肽的显著性差异。图6中显著下调的蛋白肽以蓝色标记(Fold Change<0.67且P<0.05),显著上调的蛋白肽则以红色突出(Fold Change>1.5且P<0.05)。最终筛选出49条差异显著表达的蛋白肽,其中19条在驼乳中上调表达,30条则表现出下调表达。进一步利用层次聚类算法对这些多肽进行分类,并通过热图直观展现了分类结果(图7),这些多肽分为两个主要聚类,反映了驼乳与牛乳蛋白肽在表达模式上的差异。在此基础上,分析发现牛乳中的MAIPPKK和YQEPVLGPVR两种蛋白肽的丰度较高,且已知它们具有多种生物活性,包括ACE抑制作用和抗菌活性。值得注意的是,ISQFYQK这种蛋白肽在驼乳中的丰度是牛乳的344倍,VPFLQPK的丰度是牛乳的161倍,且该肽段的Peptide Ranker评分为0.59,表明其具有较高概率的生物活性,张少辉等[33]发现,该蛋白肽可通过降低α-葡萄糖苷酶与α-淀粉酶的活性,减缓了肠道中碳水化合物的分解及葡萄糖的摄取,从而有效减少了餐后血糖水平。这些蛋白肽的发现不仅为区分驼乳与牛乳提供了潜在的生物标志物,还为未来研究驼乳和牛乳的营养价值提供了新的线索,这些线索有待进一步探索和验证。
本研究通过模拟胃肠消化过程,利用LC-MS/MS技术对驼乳和牛乳中的蛋白肽进行了比较分析。共鉴定出1074条蛋白肽,其中驼乳中特有561条,牛乳中特有385条,两种乳品共有128条。这些蛋白肽的分子量主要分布在500~3500 Da之间,长度由6~23个氨基酸残基组成。驼乳蛋白肽主要来源于β-酪蛋白,而牛乳蛋白肽主要来源于免疫球蛋白轻链,λ基因簇。通过生物活性数据库分析,在驼乳和牛乳中共鉴定出34条具有生物活性的蛋白肽,涵盖了DPP-IV抑制、ACE抑制和抗菌等多种生物活性。Peptide Ranker评分分析显示,驼乳中具有潜在生物活性的蛋白肽的数量高于牛乳。此外,ISQFYQK蛋白肽在驼乳中的丰度是牛乳的344倍,VPFLQPK的丰度是牛乳的161倍。结果表明,驼乳和牛乳在蛋白肽的种类和功能上存在差异。这些发现不仅为驼乳与牛乳的差异分析提供了重要的参考依据,也为乳制品的进一步开发和功能性产品的创制提供了科学支持。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020151
  • 接收时间:2025-02-20
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2026-02-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-20
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    1中国质量检验检测科学研究院,北京 100176
    2国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(食品真实性鉴别),北京 100176
    3北京工商大学食品与健康学院,北京 100048
    4新疆农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐 830091

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张九凯(1986−)(ORCID:0000−0002−7284−6748),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:食品真实性鉴别与品质识别,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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