Article(id=1321170219842777631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1321170163563614210, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010116, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736784000000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792921126565, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1769875200000, pubDateStr=2026-02-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921126565, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921126565, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921126565, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321170163563614210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='497', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769875200000', pubDateStr='2026-02-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921113148, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921113148, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=99, endPage=108, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321170220065075744, articleId=1321170219842777631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of Different Grinding Processes on the Physicochemical Properties and Structural Characteristics of Mango Powder, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study investigated the effects of different powder processing techniques on the physicochemical and structural characteristics of mango powder. Mango powder was treated using conventional grinding (CG), ball milling (BM) and vibratory crushing (VC) methods, yielding seven types of processed mango powder samples: conventional grinding (CG), ball milling samples with different grinding times (1, 2, 3 hours corresponding to BM1, BM2, BM3), and vibratory-crushed samples with different grinding times (1, 7, 15 minutes corresponding to VC1, VC7, VC15). By measuring physicochemical properties such as particle size, moisture content, water activity, and solubility, along with structural characteristics including differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, the physicochemical and structural properties of mango powder were analyzed. Results showed that both BM and VC treatments significantly modified the physicochemical attributes of mango powder compared to the CG. BM and VC significantly reduced the particle size of the fruit powder. BM decreased the moisture content and water activity of mango powder, whereas VC exhibited an inverse pattern. BM and VC increased the water solubility of mango powder from 53.467% (CG) to 68.230% (BM) and 76.207% (VC), respectively. Based on physicochemical parameters, samples BM2 and VC7, which correspond to the optimal grinding times in the BM and VC groups respectively, were selected. Through the further determination of BM2 and VC7, it was found that the density, fluidity and swelling property of BM2 and VC7 decreased, but they effectively retarded the moisture absorption of mango powder and increased the water solubility and oil holding capacity. As the particle size of mango powder decreased, the peak temperature also decreased. BM2 treatment reduced the content of bound water and semi-bound water in the sample, while VC7 exhibited the opposite effect. No new chemical functional groups were detected in all mango powder, and all X-ray diffraction patterns showed similar profiles. However, BM2 and VC7 induced the formation of hemispherical or irregular structures in the mango powder. In summary, ball milling for 2 h and vibration crushing for 7 min can improve the quality of mango powder.

, authors=Qiaomei SHEN1, Xianhong BI1, Kewei LIN1, Wenjun LI1, Wenqian HUANG2, Gengsheng XIAO1, 2, *, authorsList=Qiaomei SHEN, Xianhong BI, Kewei LIN, Wenjun LI, Wenqian HUANG, Gengsheng XIAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Gengsheng XIAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321170225131794991, articleId=1321170219842777631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=不同制粉工艺对芒果粉理化性质和结构特征的影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

研究不同制粉工艺对芒果粉理化性质和结构特征的影响。采用普通粉碎(CG)、球磨粉碎(BM)和振动粉碎(VC)对芒果粉进行处理,获得普通粉碎(CG)、不同时间的球磨粉碎(粉碎时间:1、2、3 h,对应样品:BM1、BM2、BM3)和振动粉碎(粉碎时间:1、7、15 min,对应样品:VC1、VC7、VC15)处理后的7种芒果粉样品,并对芒果粉的粒径、水分含量、水分活度、溶解性等理化指标及差示扫描量热、傅里叶变换红外光谱等结构指标进行测定。结果表明,与CG相比,BM、VC处理显著改变了芒果粉的理化特性。BM、VC显著降低了果粉的粒度,BM可降低芒果粉水分含量、水分活度,而VC呈相反规律。BM、VC使芒果粉的溶解性,从53.467%(CG)分别增加至68.230%(BM)、76.207%(VC)。基于理化指标筛选出BM组和VC组中最佳粉碎时间样品BM2、VC7。通过对BM2、VC7样品进一步测定,发现BM2、VC7处理虽降低芒果粉的密度、流动性、溶胀性,但有效延缓芒果粉吸湿,增加了溶解性、持油性。随着芒果粉粒径的减小,峰值温度也随之降低。BM2使样品中结合水和半结合水的含量减少,而VC7呈相反规律。所有芒果粉均未发现新的化学官能团,所有X射线衍射图显示出相似的形状,但BM2和VC7使芒果粉呈半球状或不规则结构。综上所述,球磨粉碎2 h和振动粉碎7 min均可改善芒果粉的品质。

, authors=沈乔眉1, 毕先洪1, 林可为1, 李文骏1, 黄雯倩2, 肖更生1, 2, *, authorsList=沈乔眉, 毕先洪, 林可为, 李文骏, 黄雯倩, 肖更生, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=肖更生, authorNote=

沈乔眉(1995−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品加工,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
肖更生(1965−),男,硕士,研究员,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=FJWBO+tdYqz74PRn1yGh6A==, magXml=WNVVHpJg0JK11lUF4XtlzQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=52EiEdDZTvG8hEhqdRkdkg==, pdfFileSize=7334110, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=pnKz0ak8l1pWCUP8zfl6Cw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=lRWHJtE7GYGW5PhzCCsCXQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1321170225517670967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170219842777631, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2092486644@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1321170225597362745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170219842777631, authorId=1321170225517670967, language=EN, stringName=Qiaomei SHEN, firstName=Qiaomei, middleName=null, lastName=SHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Village Department of Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Lingnan Characteristic Food of Guangdong Province, College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1321170227287667258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170219842777631, authorId=1321170225517670967, language=CN, stringName=沈乔眉, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1仲恺农业工程学院轻工食品学院,农业农村部岭南特色食品绿色加工与智能制造重点实验室,广东省岭南特色食品科学与技术重点实验室,广东广州 510225, bio={"content":"

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注:图中不同小字母表示差异显著,P<0.05,图2同。

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Physical characteristics of the mango powder particles obtained from different grinding methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
芒果粉CGBMVC
BM1BM2BM3VC1VC7VC15
D10(μm)12.943±0.207aA6.549±0.111b3.064±0.083d4.763±0.016c6.317±1.019B4.043±0.129C3.659±0.074C
D50(μm)246.520±3.962aA44.209±1.024b20.635±0.381d28.459±0.032c30.754±0.716B15.016±0.273C13.882±0.140C
D90(μm)913.626±23.681aA297.817±18.556b113.647±6.602d228.200±0.107c128.955±4.352B35.183±0.880C30.773±0.458C
Span3.650±0.037dB6.584±0.265b5.365±0.423c7.851±0.006a3.992±0.266A2.074±0.013C1.953±0.008C
SSA(m2/g)0.178±0.003dC0.601±0.008c0.885±0.009a0.734±0.002b0.620±0.075B0.865±0.013A0.904±0.009A
Φ0.117±0.002dD0.537±0.009c0.863±0.007a0.727±0.000b0.693±0.010C0.963±0.004B0.978±0.002A
), ArticleFig(id=1321170232052396654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170219842777631, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同制粉工艺的芒果粉颗粒的物理特性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
芒果粉CGBMVC
BM1BM2BM3VC1VC7VC15
D10(μm)12.943±0.207aA6.549±0.111b3.064±0.083d4.763±0.016c6.317±1.019B4.043±0.129C3.659±0.074C
D50(μm)246.520±3.962aA44.209±1.024b20.635±0.381d28.459±0.032c30.754±0.716B15.016±0.273C13.882±0.140C
D90(μm)913.626±23.681aA297.817±18.556b113.647±6.602d228.200±0.107c128.955±4.352B35.183±0.880C30.773±0.458C
Span3.650±0.037dB6.584±0.265b5.365±0.423c7.851±0.006a3.992±0.266A2.074±0.013C1.953±0.008C
SSA(m2/g)0.178±0.003dC0.601±0.008c0.885±0.009a0.734±0.002b0.620±0.075B0.865±0.013A0.904±0.009A
Φ0.117±0.002dD0.537±0.009c0.863±0.007a0.727±0.000b0.693±0.010C0.963±0.004B0.978±0.002A
), ArticleFig(id=1321170232115311215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170219842777631, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Moisture content, water activity, water-solubility for different mango powder

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标CGBMVC
BM1BM2BM3VC1VC7VC15
水分含量(%)5.063±0.034aC4.477±0.061b3.683±0.097c3.598±0.091c5.114±0.037C5.251±0.055B5.643±0.047A
水分活度0.248±0.001aD0.243±0.002a0.236±0.006b0.236±0.001b0.250±0.001C0.254±0.001B0.259±0.001A
溶解性(%)53.467±0.236dC62.390±0.139c68.230±0.070a67.187±0.102b63.350±0.372B75.210±0.387A76.207±0.964A
), ArticleFig(id=1321170232182420080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170219842777631, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同芒果粉的含水量、水分活度、溶解性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标CGBMVC
BM1BM2BM3VC1VC7VC15
水分含量(%)5.063±0.034aC4.477±0.061b3.683±0.097c3.598±0.091c5.114±0.037C5.251±0.055B5.643±0.047A
水分活度0.248±0.001aD0.243±0.002a0.236±0.006b0.236±0.001b0.250±0.001C0.254±0.001B0.259±0.001A
溶解性(%)53.467±0.236dC62.390±0.139c68.230±0.070a67.187±0.102b63.350±0.372B75.210±0.387A76.207±0.964A
), ArticleFig(id=1321170232266306161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170219842777631, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Density and fluidity of mango powder

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品振实密度(g/cm3)堆积密度(g/cm3)休止角(°)
CG0.756±0.010a0.524±0.008a24.848±0.982b
BM20.592±0.013c0.367±0.002c28.932±0.344a
VC70.645±0.000b0.418±0.013b29.723±0.227a
), ArticleFig(id=1321170232329220722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170219842777631, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

芒果粉的密度和流动性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品振实密度(g/cm3)堆积密度(g/cm3)休止角(°)
CG0.756±0.010a0.524±0.008a24.848±0.982b
BM20.592±0.013c0.367±0.002c28.932±0.344a
VC70.645±0.000b0.418±0.013b29.723±0.227a
), ArticleFig(id=1321170232392135283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170219842777631, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Moisture absorption rate on the 7th day and attainment of constant weight for mango powder processed by different grinding processes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间样品水分吸湿率(%)
CGBM2VC7
7 d23.967±1.060a17.700±0.606b18.300±0.440b
吸湿至恒重24.633±1.52a22.500±1.082a23.300±0.200a
), ArticleFig(id=1321170232484409972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170219842777631, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同制粉工艺芒果粉第7 d和吸湿至恒重的吸湿率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间样品水分吸湿率(%)
CGBM2VC7
7 d23.967±1.060a17.700±0.606b18.300±0.440b
吸湿至恒重24.633±1.52a22.500±1.082a23.300±0.200a
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不同制粉工艺对芒果粉理化性质和结构特征的影响
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沈乔眉 1 , 毕先洪 1 , 林可为 1 , 李文骏 1 , 黄雯倩 2 , 肖更生 1, 2, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(3): 99-108
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (3) : 99 -108
不同制粉工艺对芒果粉理化性质和结构特征的影响
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Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Village Department of Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Lingnan Characteristic Food of Guangdong Province, College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
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2广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所/农业农村部功能食品重点实验室/广东省农产品加工重点实验室,广东广州 510610, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1321170225345704496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170219842777631, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170225354093105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170219842777631, companyId=1321170225345704496, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Village Department of Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Lingnan Characteristic Food of Guangdong Province, College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170225358287410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170219842777631, companyId=1321170225345704496, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1仲恺农业工程学院轻工食品学院,农业农村部岭南特色食品绿色加工与智能制造重点实验室,广东省岭南特色食品科学与技术重点实验室,广东广州 510225)]), AuthorCompany(id=1321170225437979187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170219842777631, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170225446367796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170219842777631, companyId=1321170225437979187, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170225450562101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170219842777631, companyId=1321170225437979187, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所/农业农村部功能食品重点实验室/广东省农产品加工重点实验室,广东广州 510610)])])]
沈乔眉1 , 毕先洪1, 林可为1, 李文骏1, 黄雯倩2, 肖更生1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1仲恺农业工程学院轻工食品学院,农业农村部岭南特色食品绿色加工与智能制造重点实验室,广东省岭南特色食品科学与技术重点实验室,广东广州 510225
  • 2广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所/农业农村部功能食品重点实验室/广东省农产品加工重点实验室,广东广州 510610
通讯作者:
肖更生(1965−),男,硕士,研究员,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:。
作者简介:

沈乔眉(1995−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品加工,E-mail:

Effects of Different Grinding Processes on the Physicochemical Properties and Structural Characteristics of Mango Powder
Qiaomei SHEN1 , Xianhong BI1, Kewei LIN1, Wenjun LI1, Wenqian HUANG2, Gengsheng XIAO1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Village Department of Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Lingnan Characteristic Food of Guangdong Province, College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
  • 2Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
出版时间: 2026-02-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010116
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研究不同制粉工艺对芒果粉理化性质和结构特征的影响。采用普通粉碎(CG)、球磨粉碎(BM)和振动粉碎(VC)对芒果粉进行处理,获得普通粉碎(CG)、不同时间的球磨粉碎(粉碎时间:1、2、3 h,对应样品:BM1、BM2、BM3)和振动粉碎(粉碎时间:1、7、15 min,对应样品:VC1、VC7、VC15)处理后的7种芒果粉样品,并对芒果粉的粒径、水分含量、水分活度、溶解性等理化指标及差示扫描量热、傅里叶变换红外光谱等结构指标进行测定。结果表明,与CG相比,BM、VC处理显著改变了芒果粉的理化特性。BM、VC显著降低了果粉的粒度,BM可降低芒果粉水分含量、水分活度,而VC呈相反规律。BM、VC使芒果粉的溶解性,从53.467%(CG)分别增加至68.230%(BM)、76.207%(VC)。基于理化指标筛选出BM组和VC组中最佳粉碎时间样品BM2、VC7。通过对BM2、VC7样品进一步测定,发现BM2、VC7处理虽降低芒果粉的密度、流动性、溶胀性,但有效延缓芒果粉吸湿,增加了溶解性、持油性。随着芒果粉粒径的减小,峰值温度也随之降低。BM2使样品中结合水和半结合水的含量减少,而VC7呈相反规律。所有芒果粉均未发现新的化学官能团,所有X射线衍射图显示出相似的形状,但BM2和VC7使芒果粉呈半球状或不规则结构。综上所述,球磨粉碎2 h和振动粉碎7 min均可改善芒果粉的品质。

芒果粉  /  振动粉碎  /  球磨粉碎  /  理化性质  /  结构特征

This study investigated the effects of different powder processing techniques on the physicochemical and structural characteristics of mango powder. Mango powder was treated using conventional grinding (CG), ball milling (BM) and vibratory crushing (VC) methods, yielding seven types of processed mango powder samples: conventional grinding (CG), ball milling samples with different grinding times (1, 2, 3 hours corresponding to BM1, BM2, BM3), and vibratory-crushed samples with different grinding times (1, 7, 15 minutes corresponding to VC1, VC7, VC15). By measuring physicochemical properties such as particle size, moisture content, water activity, and solubility, along with structural characteristics including differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, the physicochemical and structural properties of mango powder were analyzed. Results showed that both BM and VC treatments significantly modified the physicochemical attributes of mango powder compared to the CG. BM and VC significantly reduced the particle size of the fruit powder. BM decreased the moisture content and water activity of mango powder, whereas VC exhibited an inverse pattern. BM and VC increased the water solubility of mango powder from 53.467% (CG) to 68.230% (BM) and 76.207% (VC), respectively. Based on physicochemical parameters, samples BM2 and VC7, which correspond to the optimal grinding times in the BM and VC groups respectively, were selected. Through the further determination of BM2 and VC7, it was found that the density, fluidity and swelling property of BM2 and VC7 decreased, but they effectively retarded the moisture absorption of mango powder and increased the water solubility and oil holding capacity. As the particle size of mango powder decreased, the peak temperature also decreased. BM2 treatment reduced the content of bound water and semi-bound water in the sample, while VC7 exhibited the opposite effect. No new chemical functional groups were detected in all mango powder, and all X-ray diffraction patterns showed similar profiles. However, BM2 and VC7 induced the formation of hemispherical or irregular structures in the mango powder. In summary, ball milling for 2 h and vibration crushing for 7 min can improve the quality of mango powder.

mango powder  /  vibratory crushing  /  ball milling  /  physicochemical properties  /  structural characteristics
沈乔眉, 毕先洪, 林可为, 李文骏, 黄雯倩, 肖更生. 不同制粉工艺对芒果粉理化性质和结构特征的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (3) : 99 -108 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010116
Qiaomei SHEN, Xianhong BI, Kewei LIN, Wenjun LI, Wenqian HUANG, Gengsheng XIAO. Effects of Different Grinding Processes on the Physicochemical Properties and Structural Characteristics of Mango Powder[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (3) : 99 -108 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010116
芒果(Mangifera indica L.)是世界五大水果代表之一,具有“热带水果之王”的美称[1]。其丰富的蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖和有机酸物质赋予了芒果甘甜与美味。此外,芒果中富含类胡萝卜素、酚类化合物、维生素C、芒果苷等生物活性物质,具有较高的营养价值[2],因其独特的口感、风味以及较高的营养价值而深受消费者喜爱。芒果采摘后仍保持较高的生理代谢活动,如若贮藏不当极易发生品质劣变,影响其食用价值。对芒果进行精深加工,开发成芒果干、芒果汁、芒果粉等产品[3],不仅能减轻芒果采后因贮藏不当引起的资源浪费,还极大丰富了芒果的产品类型,能提升芒果的附加值。其中芒果粉因其方便携带、用途广泛、贮藏时间长等优点,已成为芒果的重要加工产品之一[4]。但目前其制粉工艺较为单一,不同制粉工艺对芒果粉品质的影响有待进一步研究。
超微粉碎是一种新型的食品加工技术,可以制备出比粗颗粒更小的粉末颗粒,在生产开发营养和功能食品方面具有巨大潜力,常见超微粉碎技术有球磨粉碎、振动粉碎、气流粉碎。行星球磨是由一个或多个装在罐架上的罐组成,并绕罐轴以角的速度旋转,通过高速研磨混合样品,使原料发生行星运动,通过摩擦、碰撞、撞击、剪切以及其它机械作用改变样品的性能,使产品具有颗粒均匀、细腻、分散性好的特点[5];振动粉碎是一种将粉末加工成微颗粒的高速研磨技术,主要是在破碎腔内通过切割、研磨和高强度研磨棒之间摩擦使颗粒破碎成小颗粒[6]。振动粉碎具有大批量生产、连续生产等特点[7]。另外,振动粉碎可通过冷却系统,实现低温或常温破碎;高速气流粉碎技术通过压缩空气驱动原料高速喷射入粉碎腔,借助颗粒碰撞和腔体冲击实现物料细化[8]。许佳林等[9]将紫色马铃薯生全粉进行不同程度的振动粉碎,颗粒与粉碎腔内壁及颗粒间相互摩擦产生静电力,颗粒受静电力及范德华力影响产生较小颗粒附着在较大颗粒表面的现象,导致振实密度及堆积密度下降。而Weng等[10]对连翘叶粉末进行球磨粉碎,发现粒径减小的同时增大了比表面积,促进酚类、类黄酮等营养物质溶解。另外,颗粒间孔隙空间的减少,从而导致更紧凑的粉末积聚,使堆积密度增大。Bender等[11]对葡萄渣进行球磨,粒径降低的同时增大了比表面积,提高了儿茶素等酚类物质的提取量。综上可知,不同制粉工艺对原料品质等方面存在显著性影响,通过统一原料探究不同制粉工艺的差异性对补充超微粉碎研究领域具有重要意义。目前,振动粉碎和行星球磨是制备超细粉体最有效的方法[12],具有高效、经济的特点,有利于产品的产业化。
本研究将对芒果粉进行球磨粉碎和振动粉碎处理,探究不同制粉工艺处理后的芒果粉粉体的理化性质和结构特征。采用普通粉碎、球磨粉碎和振动粉碎工艺制备了不同的芒果粉,测定其粒度、体积和密度、粉末流动性、溶解性、吸湿性、低场核磁和热力学性能等。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射和扫描电镜对不同制粉工艺的芒果粉的结构变化进行了评价,为开发高品质的芒果粉提供科学指导。
实验使用芒果为7~8成熟台芒 市售;溴化钾、氯化钠 均为分析纯,阿拉丁化学科技有限公司;金龙鱼玉米油 南海油脂工业(赤湾)有限公司。
1000Y高速多功能粉碎机 永康市铂欧五金制品有限公司;QM-3SP4行星球磨仪 南京南大仪器有限公司;XDW-6B振动式细胞级超微粉碎机 济南达微机械有限公司;Mastersizer 3000激光衍射粒度分析仪 英国马尔文(Malvern)公司;HD-5型水分活度测量仪 上海析牛莱伯仪器有限公司;CR-10 Plus比色仪 日本KONICA MINOLTA公司;RCT basic磁力搅拌器 德国艾卡(IKA)公司;LGJ12真空冷冻干燥机 北京松源实验仪器有限公司;IRAffinity-1S傅里叶红外光度计 日本岛津公司;MesoQMR23-060HNMR低场核磁共振成像分析仪 苏州Niumag分析仪器公司;XD-2 X射线衍射仪 北京普析通用仪器有限公司;SU8100扫描电镜 日本日立(HITACHI)公司;P008超声清洗机 深圳洁盟技术股份有限公司;Neo 15R离心机 上海力申科学仪器有限公司;DSC-q20差示扫描量热仪 美国TA Instruments公司。
挑选无机械损坏、无病虫害的芒果样品洗净后去皮去核,将新鲜芒果切成片(5 cm×5 cm×1 cm),然后放在−20 ℃冰箱中预冻24 h。将冷冻的芒果放入真空冷冻干燥机中进行干燥,冷阱温度设定为−60 ℃,真空度10 Pa,干燥48 h。
所有样品取出并被分成7组,分别置于高速多功能粉碎机中进行预粉碎时间为30 s,1组为普通粉碎(CG),再将3组(已预粉碎30 s)置于行星球磨仪(球磨珠材质:陶瓷球,研磨珠尺寸配比为5 mm:8 mm:10 mm=5:3:2,球磨珠:样品=1:1,转速530 r/min,正反方向运行时间1∶1,运行30 min、停5 min)中分别粉碎1 h(BM1)、2 h(BM2)、3 h(BM3)和3组(已预粉碎30 s)置于振动式细胞级超微粉碎机(冷却系统温度为0 ℃)中分别粉碎1 min(VC1)、7 min(VC7)、15 min(VC15)。待样品粉碎好后装入铝制袋进行真空包装在25 ℃下贮藏。
参考许佳林等[9]的方法,并略作修改。取1.000 g芒果粉分散于去离子水中,超声波振荡5 min,使其分散均匀后,采用激光衍射粒度分析仪进行分析,测定参数:颗粒折射率1.52,颗粒吸收率0.1,分散剂为去离子水。测定粉体的粒径及其分布,D50常用于表示粉体的平均粒度。当D50<10 μm时,Φ=1,其中Span、Φ计算公式如下:
$ {\text{Span}} = \frac{{{\text{D}}{}_{90} - {{\text{D}}_{10}}}}{{{{\text{D}}_{50}}}} $
$ \text{Φ}=1-\left(1-\frac{10}{{\text{D}}_{50}}\right)^{3} $
式中,Span为粒度分布的宽度;Φ为细胞壁破损率;D10、D50、D90分别为累计粒度分布达到10%、50%、90%时所对应的粒径,μm。
水分含量:将1.000 g的芒果粉置于水分测定仪中,设定温度为105 ℃,点击快速干燥功能,测定芒果粉的水分含量。
水分活度:采用水分活度仪测定芒果粉的水分活度,称取5.000 g的芒果粉置于仪器固定的样品瓶中,待样本的温度与室温(25 ℃)一致后,点击测定即可。
参考Cheng等[13]的方法,并略作修改。称取1.000 g芒果粉于100 mL离心管中,加入50 mL蒸馏水溶解,漩涡使其分散,于80 ℃下水浴振荡30 min,取出后冷却,进行高速离心5000 r/min、20 min,分离上清液并倒入已干燥至恒重的培养皿中,于105 ℃下干燥至恒重:
$ \text{WSI}(\text{%})=\frac{{\text{m}}_{2}}{{\text{m}}_{\text{1}}}\times 100 $
式中,WSI为样品的溶解性,%;m1为称量的样品质量,g;m2为干燥至恒重的样品质量,g。
使用比色仪测定芒果粉样品的颜色特性(L*、a*和b*值)。在记录样品颜色值之前,用白色瓷砖对设备进行校准,标准值为:L*=88.6、a*=−1.6、b*=5.6。以CG的色泽值为对照值:
$ \text{chroma}=\sqrt{{a}^{\text{*}2}+{{b}^{\text{*}2}}} $
$ \Delta {E}=\sqrt{({{L}}_{{\mathrm{i}}}^{\text{*} }-{{L}}_{0}^{\text{*} })^{2}+({{a}}_{{\mathrm{i}}}^{\text{*} }-{{a}}_{0}^{\text{*} })^{2}+({{b}}_{\rm i}^{\text{*} }-{{b}}_{0}^{\text{*} })^{2}} $
式中,ΔE为样品的色差;chroma为样品的色度;L*为样品的亮度;a*为样品的红绿度;b*为样品的黄蓝度;i为被测样品;0为CG样品。
参考许佳林等[9]的方法,并略作修改。称取10.000 g芒果粉,移入量筒(25 mL)中,振实至量筒内物料体积不再变化,读取物料体积V。
$ \text{TD}({\text{g/cm}}^{3})=\frac{10}{\text{V}} $
式中,TD为样品的振实密度,g/cm3;V为物料体积,mL。
参考许佳林等[9]的方法,并略作修改。取适量的芒果粉填充至量筒(10 mL)的2 mL刻度线处,称取量筒和样品的总质量:
$ \text{BD}(\text{g}/{\text{cm}}^{3})=\frac{{\text{m}}_{2}-{\text{m}}_{1}}{2} $
式中,BD为样品的堆积密度,g/cm3;m1为量筒的质量,g;m2为样品加量筒的质量,g。
参考许佳林等[9]的方法,并略作修改。准确称取10.000 g芒果粉放置在水平漏斗中,垂直下落,测量形成锥体的直径和锥体高度,休止角的计算如公式(8)所示:
$ \theta(\text{°})=\text{arctan}\frac{\text{D}}{\text{H}} $
式中,θ为样品的休止角,°;D为锥体的直径,cm;H为锥体高度,cm。
参考Dong等[14]的方法,并略作修改。芒果粉样品1.000 g(m1),置于50 mL离心管中;加入10 mL蒸馏水或玉米油,磁力搅拌30 min、转速800 r/min,静置2 h;然后高速冷冻离心10 min、转速10000 r/min、温度4 ℃,高速离心后去除上清液,称取样品加离心管的最终质量,然后根据公式计算持水性和持油性:
$ \text{WHC}(\text{%})=\frac{\text{m}_{\text{4}}-\text{m}_{\text{2}}}{\text{m}_{\text{1}}} $
$ \text{OHC}(\text{%})=\frac{\text{m}_{\text{5}}-\text{m}_{\text{3}}}{\text{m}_{\text{1}}} $
式中,WHC为持水性,%;OHC为持油性,%;m1为样品的质量,g;m2、m3为样品加离心管的质量,g;m4、m5分别为样品吸水、油后离心去除上清液后,沉淀物加离心管的质量,g。
参考夏晓霞[15]的方法,并略作修改。准确称取1.000 g(m)芒果粉放入量筒中,记录体积(V1),加入10 mL纯水,振荡均匀并封口,室温静置24 h,并记录体积(V2),计算公式如下:
$ \text{SC}(\text{mL/g})=\frac{{\text{V}}_{\text{2}}-{\text{V}}_{\text{1}}}{\text{m}} $
式中,V1为样品在量筒中未溶胀的体积,mL;V2为样品在量筒中溶胀后的体积,mL;m为样品的质量,g。
参考吴钊龙等[16]的方法,并略作修改。称取2.000 g的芒果粉样品,放入装有饱和NaCl溶液的密封器中,以建立75%的相对湿度,在25 ℃条件下放置7 d后称重,按下式计算吸湿率。
$\rm MA(\text{%})=\frac{m_2-m_1}{m_1}\times 100 $
式中,MA为吸湿率,%;m1为称量的样品质量,g;m2为吸湿7 d的样品质量,g。
采用低场核磁共振成像分析仪,磁场强度为0.5 T,测定芒果粉的自旋T2弛豫。核磁共振分析仪的温度保持在32 ℃。将芒果粉放在特四氟乙烯管上,并将其插入直径为25 mm的核磁共振探针上,以收集CPMG衰减信号。CPMG序列的参数包括90脉冲、180脉冲和p值(90~180脉冲之间的时间)分别为9.52、22.48和200 μs。两次扫描间隔为1500 ms,数据采集为4次扫描重复,共8000个回波。
参考李丹彤[17]实验方法进行测定。精确称取芒果粉2.000~3.000 mg置于密封铝锅。DSC曲线由DSC-q20仪器获得。温度扫描范围为−30~200 ℃,加热速率为10 ℃/min,氮气(99.999%)流速为50 cm3/min,氮气作为载气和保护气,数据分析采用TA Universal analysis 4.5A软件。
根据Souillac等[18]方法,并略作修改。取适量芒果粉与干燥后的溴化钾(1:100比例)于玛瑙研钵中进行研磨,然后取适量的粉压成薄片。以空气为扫描背景,扫描范围500~4000 cm−1,扫描分辨率4 cm−1,扫描32次。
参考李丹彤[17]实验方法进行测定,用X射线衍射仪测定芒果粉的XRD图样。电压和电流分别为36 kV和20 mA,采用镍过滤的Cu kα辐射(λ=1.5405)。衍射角(2θ)从4°到60°进行,速度为1°/min。
用扫描电镜观察芒果粉的形态,适量的样品均匀分布在导电性粘合剂上。在扫描电镜阶段喷上金,然后加入样品,在工作电压为3.00 kV和1000、200的放大倍数下观察样品形态,图像选择清晰的典型粒子。
所有样品的实验均重复至少3次,所有值均以平均值±标准差表示,采用单因素方差分析,差异在95%显著水平(P<0.05)。使用SPSS(版本26,IBM)、Origin软件(版本9.1, OriginLab)进行数据分析。
不同制粉工艺的芒果粉粒度如表1所示。球磨粉碎(BM)与振动粉碎(VC)处理后的芒果粉D50值具有显著性差异(P<0.05),其中BM组的最大粒径为44.209 μm(BM1),VC组为30.754 μm(VC1),属于超微尺度。BM的D50值在2 h内显著下降后因过磨回升,而VC的D50值随粉碎时间延长持续降低但效率递减,BM和VC分别在2 h(BM2)、15 min(VC15)果粉粒径分别为20.635、13.882 μm,更小和更细的颗粒有助于提高溶解性。但VC7(15.016)和VC15(13.882)无显著性差异,而BM组粉碎时间超过2 h,粒径逐渐增大,可能是粉碎时间的延长,比表面积较大、表层能量较高、表面活性增强,与周围的小颗粒团聚成为了较大的颗粒[19]。BM的离散度(Span)先增大(从3.650到6.584)后减小(从6.584到5.365),再增大(从5.365到7.851)。而VC组的样品随着粉碎时间的延长,果粉的Span越小,说明VC粉碎的芒果粉分布更加均匀。该结果可能是由于制粉工艺差异性导致[20−21]。与CG相比,BM和VC处理使芒果粉的比表面积(SSA)显著提高,且粒径越小比表面积越大。SSA的提升可增强芒果粉吸附性能,同时通过暴露更多活性位点促进其溶解性的提高[22]。
综上所述,BM和VC显著降低芒果粉的粒径,BM和VC样品的粒径分别在2 h、15 min达到最小,但VC15与VC7无统计学意义,从节能角度VC7更具有优势。另外,粒径越小比表面积越大,但不同的制粉工艺会导致芒果粉Span发生不一样的变化趋势。
如表2所示,随着粉碎时间的延长,BM组水分含量及水分活度显著降低(P<0.05),机械球磨过程中,物料处于密闭的陶瓷罐中,球磨珠、球磨罐与果粉之间发生碰撞、挤压、摩擦、剪切等产生巨大的能量,一部分能量会使果粉的温度升高[23],促使果粉表面的水分蒸发,导致果粉水分含量和水分活度的降低。VC组芒果粉水分含量、水分活度显著升高(P<0.05),可能是在振动粉碎过程中,在碾磨和剪切作用下,粉体破碎且与空气充分接触,导致粉体吸收了空气中的水分[9]。其次随着粉碎时间延长,果粉中糖类物质充分暴露,其中亲水基团-OH与空气水分结合,导致水分含量及水分活度升高。
果粉的溶解性是衡量其食用品质的关键指标之一。据表2显示,CG、BM组(BM1、BM2、BM3)、VC组(VC1、VC7、VC15)的溶解性分别为53.467%、62.390%~68.230%、63.350%~76.207%。超微粉碎处理后,BM组和VC组的芒果粉溶解性显著提升(P<0.05)。但VC组内VC7与VC15之间的溶解性无显著性差异(P>0.05)。两种超微粉碎工艺使芒果粉颗粒细胞破碎程度增大,同时显著增大其比表面积,更有利于可溶性物质的溶出,从而促进芒果粉在水中的溶解与分散[24]。因此,从溶解性产品的开发角度来看,超微粉碎的芒果粉更具优势。根据粒径、水分性指标及从节约能源的角度出发,BM在2 h和VC在7 min的样品比同组其它时间段的芒果粉的品质更加有优势,因此接下来的研究将围绕着CG、BM2和VC7进行对比探究。
不同制粉工艺生产的芒果粉颜色值见图1。与CG相比,BM2、VC7样品的总色差(ΔE)分别为2.557、8.891,说明不同制粉工艺显著改变了样品的色差(P<0.05),主要由于颗粒尺寸减小使L*值显著增大,导致ΔE显著增加[25]。对于CG而言,L*、a*、b*和C(chroma)分别为88.367、6.500、36.300和36.877,而BM2和VC7样品的L*值分别为90.433、92.066,说明两种制粉工艺提高了粉末的亮度,可能与粉末的粒径(CG>BM2>VC7)有关,当粉末的粒径减小时,粉末的比表面积增加导致光的反射更多,从而增加了果粉的亮度[25]。而BM2、VC7的a*值分别下降至5.600、3.667;b*值分别下降至34.100、28.767,表明两种制粉工艺显著降低了果粉的红、黄色度(P<0.05),归因于超微粉碎过程中碰撞、剪切、挤压及摩擦等效应促使类胡萝卜素等深色物质部分降解[26],导致粉体整体颜色变浅。与BM2、VC7相比,CG的C值最高,说明CG样品具有更加饱满色泽。
根据表3可知,与CG(振实密度:0.756 g/cm3、堆积密度:0.524 g/cm3)相比,BM2和VC7样品的振实密度分别降低至0.592、0.645 g/cm3,堆积密度分别降低至0.367、0.418 g/cm3,原因是超微粉碎后,芒果粉体的比表面积和孔隙空间增加,导致相同体积芒果粉质量减少,密度降低;另一方面,超微粉碎过程中,芒果粉的颗粒间发生摩擦产生静电力,颗粒受静电力和范德华力(物质固有分子间作用力)的影响出现颗粒间吸附、团聚现象,形成疏松大颗粒,导致密度减小[9]。在绿豆淀粉[12]和三七粉[24]中均观察到一致的趋势。而有研究表明,对连翘叶粉末进行球磨粉碎,随着粉末粒径的减小,颗粒间孔隙空间减少,促使粉末堆积更加紧密,使堆积密度增大[10]。但BM2样品的振实密度和堆积密度均显著小于VC7(P<0.05),说明粉末密度与制粉工艺也有关,BM2使得芒果粉的压缩性降低,其疏松性、填充性和成形性相对不足。可能由于机械球磨使粉体间相互作用力增强,促使团聚成较大的颗粒,导致孔隙的增加,粉体间空气增多,密度相应降低[9]。因此,在最终产品包装方面,同一质量芒果粉,BM2所制的粉末需要更大的容器。休止角可反映粉体的流动性,通常其值越小粉体的流动性越好。芒果粉末的休止角(θ)如表3所示,与CG相比,BM2、VC7的θ均显著增大(P<0.05),分别从24.848°增加至28.932°、29.723°,表明BM2、VC7均降低了芒果粉的流动性,可能是BM2、VC7颗粒被破碎程度加剧使粒径显著降低,增大的比表面积使颗粒表面粗糙度增加,进而增强了颗粒间的摩擦作用,导致休止角增大[9]。另外,3种芒果粉的休止角均小于40°,说明本研究制备的芒果粉能够满足生产需求[15]。
不同制粉工艺对芒果粉的持水性、持油性和溶胀性结果如图3所示。与CG相比,BM2和VC7样品的OHC值由58.267%分别增加至61.767%、65.533%,可能是超微粉碎后,粉末比表面积增大同时提升粉末孔隙率增强油脂吸附作用[27],且促使更多亲油基团暴露提升持油性。经过超微粉碎后,BM2、VC7样品的WHC和SC值由110.867%(CG)分别降低至94.467%、90.500%;由3.830 mL/g(CG)分别降低至2.832 mL/g和2.508 mL/g。不溶性膳食纤维中的多孔基质结构(由多糖链构成)可能会影响WHC和SC。而超微粉碎破坏了芒果粉多孔基质结构导致WHC和SC下降[20]。另外,根据表1可知,VC7样品的细胞壁破损率(Φ=0.963)高于BM2(Φ=0.863),表明VC7样品的多孔基体结构可能受损较为严重,使VC7样品的WHC和SC低于BM2样品。研究发现,对红薯叶粉[20]和羊栖菜残渣粉末[28]进行超微粉碎后,其WHC和SC均有所降低。但甜菜粕粉[29]和铁皮石斛粉[30]却发现了相反结果。比表面积和孔隙空间的增加可能有助于提升持油性,而多孔基质结构的破坏会导致持水性及溶胀性下降。
吸湿性是指固体物质表面吸附水分的能力,是衡量粉末稳定性的重要指标。从表4可知,芒果粉经吸湿7 d,经过超微粉碎的VC7和BM2样品吸湿率均显著低于CG(P<0.05),由此可知VC7和BM2可以有效延缓芒果粉吸湿,本结果与七里散粉[31]、番茄粉[32]、枣粉[15]吸湿规律相似。CG、BM2、VC7样品分别在第9、10、10 d吸湿至恒重,且吸湿率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。因此推测,在吸湿初始阶段超微粉碎后的芒果粉因其粒径较小,比表面积增大,与水分充分接触后并较快吸湿,果粉聚集结成块,从而减缓了水分进一步渗透的速度[15]。在第7 d时,BM2(17.700%)与VC7(18.300%)样品的吸湿率无显著性差异(P>0.05),说明芒果粉的粒径不是越小对延缓芒果粉的吸湿效果越好。综上所述,BM2和VC7处理有利于延缓芒果粉吸湿速率,但在长期贮藏条件下,三种芒果粉的吸湿性能并无明显区别。
不同制粉工艺处理的芒果粉水分状态变化通过LF-NMR分析,结果如图3所示。与CG对比,芒果粉经过球磨粉碎后,BM2的T21(结合水:0~10 ms)、T22(半结合水:10~100 ms)的峰顶点向左偏移,T22信号强度显著下降,总峰面积从2545.05降低至2300.51,说明BM2可以降低芒果粉的水分含量,使水分与底物结合越紧密或自由度越小,可能是密闭的研磨罐中球体与果粉碰撞、摩擦等产生能量,部分能量转变成热能,同时因球磨罐的散热效果不理想,导致粉体温度升高并出现局部过热现象,致使粉体的水分含量减少;VC7使芒果粉中T21和T22峰值增加,总峰面积从2545.05增加至3172.92,说明振动粉碎会引起芒果粉结合水和半结合水分含量的增加。猜测是振动粉碎降低芒果粉粒径的同时增大了比表面积,促使细胞内中的糖类物质和有机酸的溶出,而这类物质中含有大量的亲水基团羟基、羧酸基,这些基团与空气中的水分子结合导致内在的结合水和不易流动水增加[24,33]。另外,振动粉碎机具有较好的冷却循环系统,可有效降低粉碎产生的温度,从而抑制水分的流失。因此,BM2较其它粉碎方式,更加有利于芒果粉的贮藏,该结果与水分含量、水分活度的结果相对应。
DSC曲线的热流值均小于零,说明在温度范围内存在明显的吸热过程(图4)。在75~150 ℃范围内,所有曲线均观察到吸热峰温度(Tp),说明不同种芒果粉的成分发生了部分质的变化,其原因可能是芒果粉末中蛋白质通过吸热作用打开了其结构中的非共价键,从而产生热变性[34]。BM2、VC7对果粉进行超微粉碎处理后Tp均降低,是由于超微粉碎过程中所产生的机械能使芒果粉蛋白质结构被破坏,导致果粉结构的稳定性降低[35]。另外,粒径对Tp可能有影响,粒径越小,Tp越低,与Wu等[24]结果相一致。
如图5所示,不同制粉工艺处理后芒果粉的红外光谱特征峰位置未发生明显偏移,且未检测到新化学基团,说明制粉工艺的差异对芒果粉的分子结构影响较小,该结果与辣木叶粉的研究结果相似[36]。芒果粉的主要吸收峰包括:3395 cm−1处的峰是芒果粉中纤维素衍生的酚和醇中的-OH拉伸振动[37];在2919 cm−1处的峰与蛋白质、多糖中亚甲基伸缩振动相关[38];2368 cm−1处的峰则代表-C≡C、-C≡N等叁键及-C=C=C、-C=C=O等累积双键的不对称性伸缩振动[39];1605 cm−1处的峰可能对应芒果粉中胡萝卜素C=C伸缩振动、酰胺的N-H面内弯曲或芳香化合物C=C骨架振动[40],这是芳香分子的一个典型特征;1369 cm−1处的峰为多糖、蛋白质、脂类的混合吸收峰区域[41]。1251 cm−1和1062 cm−1处的峰归因于多糖的C-O键伸缩振动以及糖类骨架伸缩振动[42]。在800~400 cm−1区域的多个峰主要由糖环和芳香环中C-H键的伸缩振动引起[41]。超微粉碎(BM2、VC7)通过机械力破坏纤维素/半纤维素分子内氢键,形成可溶性糖及无定形纤维素,同时增强酚类和多糖相关峰(如2919、1062 cm−1)强度,可能与抗氧化性提升相关。其中VC7样品因振动粉碎导致粒径显著降低(VC7:15.016 μm<BM2:20.635 μm),纤维素断裂加剧,产生酚类聚集使其在3395、1062 cm−1处吸光度显著增强[24]。此外,亲水基团的暴露和转化促进了粉末水合能力提升[10]。总而言之,不同制粉工艺芒果粉的FTIR谱相似,没有产生新的化学官能团样品,说明两种超微粉碎工艺没有破坏芒果粉组成分子的主要结构。
芒果粉中的糖类物质由葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖构成,本研究获得的冻干芒果粉的衍射图与标准蔗糖的结晶峰相对应[43],说明芒果粉中富含蔗糖。根据图6可知,XRD谱图在10°~30°,表明样品中存在未结晶的无定形区域,推测是可溶性果胶[33]。不同制粉工艺(CG、BM2、VC7)样品的XRD图谱具有相似的非晶态特征,且未检测到新的结晶峰,说明制粉工艺的差异未显著改变果粉的化学组成。BM2样品在15.072°、17.080°、17.986°、22.972°的4处衍射峰强度较CG和VC7样品低,说明球磨过程中球体与罐壁的冲击、摩擦作用促使芒果粉非晶区结构有序性下降。可能是球磨过程中产生的能量,部分能量用于颗粒破碎,罐内产生热能的速度比散热速度快,导致余下的未转化成热能使粉碎后的果粉虽然宏观粒径变化不大,但体系内部不稳定,导致其衍射峰强度降低[44]。另外,VC7在15.072°、22.972°处的衍射峰强度较CG低,说明振动粉碎会降低芒果粉的有序性,使无序性增加。但球磨粉碎和振动粉碎对芒果粉晶体结构、结晶度以及无定形区域分布特征无显著影响。
扫描电镜图表明(图7),不同制粉工艺对芒果粉微观结构具有显著影响。在机械粉碎过程中,施加的机械力会破坏分子间作用力,导致其因机械损伤而发生从有序向无序(无定形)结构的转变[45]。CG颗粒呈多分散性分布,大小不均一且有明显的球体状,而BM2和VC7的粉末颗粒大小均一。另外,BM2有明显半球状,VC7呈不规则结构、颗粒结构破损较为严重。最后,与CG相比,BM2、VC7出现明显的聚集,可能机械粉碎使芒果粉粒度降低,同时颗粒表面性能因机械力被机械能激活,粒径较小的颗粒之间的相互作用面积增大,使其更容易聚集[46]。另一方面,芒果粉因静电力和范德华力作用,导致分子间或分子内产生聚集现象[47]。VC7的聚集现象较BM2的明显,这可能与粒径有关,果粉粒径降低(VC7:15.016 μm<BM2:20.645 μm)不仅增加吸附接触面积,同时促进糖类黏性物质的溶出,通过分子间氢键与黏性作用加剧团聚效应,在图1(A)中观察到了类似的结果。BM2和VC7可以改变粉末的微观形态,从而影响物理化学特性。
本研究发现,球磨粉碎(BM)和振动粉碎(VC)两种超微粉碎技术对芒果粉的理化性质产生显著差异性影响。具体而言,超微粉碎显著降低了芒果粉的粒度,增大了比表面积,并提高了粉体的亮度。通过工艺参数优化,确定BM2(2 h球磨)与VC7(7 min振动)为最优处理条件。与CG样品相比,BM2和VC7样品的密度、流动性及持水性均显著降低,而持油性(OHC)和溶解度有所增加。芒果超微粉因易团聚而一定程度延缓果粉吸湿,且BM能够有效控制芒果粉的水分含量及水分活度,而振动粉碎则呈现相反趋势。这一结果通过低场核磁共振技术得到了进一步验证。FTIR和XRD分析表明,超微粉碎对芒果粉的原始化学结构和晶体结构无显著影响。最后,BM2和VC7显著改变了芒果粉的微观结构。综上所述,BM2和VC7在改善芒果粉的理化性质方面具有显著效果,同时保持了其结构稳定性,为其在食品、药品或其他工业应用中的进一步开发提供了科学依据。本文只从宏观角度进行研究,未来将从微观方面深入分析超微粉碎对芒果粉的影响,并探究粉碎方式对芒果粉风味及消化特性的影响,以实现更高效的处理效果和获得更优质的产品。最后,制粉工艺中节约耗能对工业化应用十分重要,后续研究中将对此展开深入探讨。

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2026年第47卷第3期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010116
  • 接收时间:2025-01-14
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2026-02-01
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    1仲恺农业工程学院轻工食品学院,农业农村部岭南特色食品绿色加工与智能制造重点实验室,广东省岭南特色食品科学与技术重点实验室,广东广州 510225
    2广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所/农业农村部功能食品重点实验室/广东省农产品加工重点实验室,广东广州 510610

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肖更生(1965−),男,硕士,研究员,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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