Article(id=1320890168656117936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320889471592149951, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030126, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1741536000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854357160, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854357160, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854357160, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854357160, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320889471592149951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771084800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854190967, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854190967, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=453, endPage=460, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320890168870027441, articleId=1320890168656117936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of D-allulose on the Longevity and Antioxidant Capacity of Drosophila melanogaster, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the effects of D-allulose (D-Alu) on the lifespan and antioxidant capacity of Drosophila melanogaster, D. melanogaster were fed with different concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10 mg/mL) of D-allulose, and experiments on lifespan, climbing, reproduction, food intake, intestinal homeostasis, and antioxidant enzyme activities were carried out. The results showed that the mean and maximum lifespan of D. melanogaster in the group with 5 mg/mL of D-allulose were prolonged by 18.86% and 25.77%, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The exercise capacity of aged D. melanogaster was significantly improved, and the climbing index of D. melanogaster at 30 d of age with the addition of D-allulose 5 mg/mL was increased by 21.10% compared with the control group (P<0.01). The egg production of D. melanogaster in the group supplemented with D-allulose 1 mg/mL increased by 10.9% (P<0.05) and the developmental cycle of D. melanogaster was shortened by 7.81% (P<0.01) compared with the control group. In addition, the addition of D-allulose 5 mg/mL increased the intestinal length of 30-d-old D. melanogaster by 13.06% (P<0.01) compared with the control group, and the proportion of intestinal leakage was reduced by 4.06% (P<0.01) compared with the control group, which reduced the shortening of the intestinal tract and the increase in permeability caused by aging. In the antioxidant assay, the mean survival time of D. melanogaster under oxidative stress conditions was prolonged by 12.34% (P<0.05) in the group supplemented with D-allulose 5 mg/mL, and the activities of D. melanogaster's superoxide dismutase (SOD) Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD were increased by 13.49% (P<0.01) and 16.19% (P<0.05), catalase (CAT) activity increased by 32.21% (P<0.01), and the malonaldehyde (MDA) content decreased by 20.75% (P<0.01) compared to the control. In conclusion, D-allulose can significantly improve the antioxidant capacity and prolong the healthy lifespan of D. melanogaster, showing a potential anti-aging efficacy.

, authors=Changsheng LÜ1, Jianhao FENG1, Zhen'ou SUN1, 2, Qingbin GUO1, 2, Wentao DING1, 2, *, Changlu WANG1, 2, *, authorsList=Changsheng LÜ, Jianhao FENG, Zhen'ou SUN, Qingbin GUO, Wentao DING, Changlu WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wentao DING, Changlu WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320890170283507902, articleId=1320890168656117936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=D-阿洛酮糖对果蝇寿命及抗氧化能力的影响, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探讨D-阿洛酮糖(D-Allulose,D-Alu)对黑腹果蝇的寿命和抗氧化能力的影响,用不同浓度(0、1、5、10 mg/mL)D-阿洛酮糖喂养果蝇,分别进行寿命、攀爬、繁殖、摄食量、肠道稳态、抗氧化酶活性等实验。结果表明,与对照组相比,添加D-阿洛酮糖5 mg/mL组果蝇的平均寿命和最大寿命分别延长了18.86%和25.77%,均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。老龄果蝇的运动能力得到显著改善(P<0.01),添加5 mg/mL D-阿洛酮糖30 d龄果蝇攀爬指数与对照组相比,提高了21.10%。添加1 mg/mL D-阿洛酮糖组果蝇的产卵量与对照组相比提高了10.9%(P<0.05),果蝇的发育周期减少了7.81%(P<0.01)。此外,添加5 mg/mL D-阿洛酮糖30 d龄果蝇的肠道长度比对照组提高了13.06%(P<0.01),肠道泄露比例与对照组相比,降低了4.06%(P<0.01),缓解了衰老导致的肠道缩短和通透性增加。在抗氧化实验中,添加5 mg/mL D-阿洛酮糖组果蝇在氧化应激条件下平均存活时间提高了12.34%(P<0.05),果蝇的超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)Cu/Zn-SOD和Mn-SOD活性分别提高了13.49%(P<0.01)和16.19%(P<0.05),过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性提高了32.21%(P<0.01),丙二醛(Malonaldehyde,MDA)含量与对照组相比减少了20.75%(P<0.01)。综上所述,D-阿洛酮糖可以显著提高果蝇的抗氧化能力,延长果蝇健康寿命,具有潜在的抗衰老作用。

, authors=吕长生1, 封建浩1, 孙振欧1, 2, 郭庆彬1, 2, 丁文涛1, 2, *, 王昌禄1, 2, *, authorsList=吕长生, 封建浩, 孙振欧, 郭庆彬, 丁文涛, 王昌禄, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=丁文涛, 王昌禄, authorNote=

吕长生(1998−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:精准营养与干预,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
丁文涛(1984−),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:。
王昌禄(1960−),男,硕士,教授,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:。
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吕长生(1998−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:精准营养与干预,E-mail:

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吕长生(1998−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:精准营养与干预,E-mail:

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注:CK为空白对照组(0 mg/mL),DA-L为低剂量(1 mg/mL),DA-M为中剂量(5 mg/mL),DA-H为高剂量(10 mg/mL)D-阿洛酮糖组。

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注:与对照组比较,*表示具有显著性差异,P<0.05;**表示具有极显著性差异,P<0.01;ns表示数据间无显著性差异;图3~图5同。

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Effects of D-allulose on average lifespan and maximum lifespan of D. melanogaster

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别数量
(只)
平均寿命
(d)
中位数寿命
(d)
最大寿命
(d)
Log-rank检验
(vs CK)
CK8039.19±1.443960.375−
DA-L8043.76±1.55*4563.750P=0.0148
DA-M8046.58±1.62**4868.625P=0.0011
DA-H8040.73±1.554260.750P=0.35
), ArticleFig(id=1320890181905924350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890168656117936, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

D-阿洛酮糖对果蝇平均寿命和最大寿命的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别数量
(只)
平均寿命
(d)
中位数寿命
(d)
最大寿命
(d)
Log-rank检验
(vs CK)
CK8039.19±1.443960.375−
DA-L8043.76±1.55*4563.750P=0.0148
DA-M8046.58±1.62**4868.625P=0.0011
DA-H8040.73±1.554260.750P=0.35
), ArticleFig(id=1320890181994004735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890168656117936, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effects of D-Allulose on Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT activity and MDA content

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别数量
(只)
Cu/Zn-SOD
(U/mg protein)
Mn-SOD
(U/mg
protein)
CAT
(U/mg
protein)
MDA
(nmol/mg
protein)
CK80202.63±7.6694.64±6.3639.86±3.211.06±0.06
DA-L80224.09±8.94*103.59±7.4245.44±1.660.92±0.05*
DA-M80229.96±7.41**109.97±5.09*52. 70±5.37**0.84±0.04**
DA-H80216.89±8.5898.81±6.4643.71±2.920.98±0.04
), ArticleFig(id=1320890182098862336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890168656117936, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

D-阿洛酮糖对Cu/Zn-SOD、Mn-SOD、CAT活性和MDA含量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别数量
(只)
Cu/Zn-SOD
(U/mg protein)
Mn-SOD
(U/mg
protein)
CAT
(U/mg
protein)
MDA
(nmol/mg
protein)
CK80202.63±7.6694.64±6.3639.86±3.211.06±0.06
DA-L80224.09±8.94*103.59±7.4245.44±1.660.92±0.05*
DA-M80229.96±7.41**109.97±5.09*52. 70±5.37**0.84±0.04**
DA-H80216.89±8.5898.81±6.4643.71±2.920.98±0.04
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D-阿洛酮糖对果蝇寿命及抗氧化能力的影响
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吕长生 1 , 封建浩 1 , 孙振欧 1, 2 , 郭庆彬 1, 2 , 丁文涛 1, 2, * , 王昌禄 1, 2, *
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(4): 453-460
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食品工业科技 |营养与保健 2026 , 47 (4) : 453 -460
D-阿洛酮糖对果蝇寿命及抗氧化能力的影响
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吕长生1 , 封建浩1, 孙振欧1, 2, 郭庆彬1, 2, 丁文涛1, 2, * , 王昌禄1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1天津科技大学食品科学与工程学院,天津 300457
  • 2省部共建食品营养与安全国家重点实验室,天津 300457
通讯作者:
丁文涛(1984−),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:。
王昌禄(1960−),男,硕士,教授,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:。
作者简介:

吕长生(1998−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:精准营养与干预,E-mail:

Effects of D-allulose on the Longevity and Antioxidant Capacity of Drosophila melanogaster
Changsheng LÜ1 , Jianhao FENG1, Zhen'ou SUN1, 2, Qingbin GUO1, 2, Wentao DING1, 2, * , Changlu WANG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
  • 2State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin 300457, China
出版时间: 2026-02-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030126
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为探讨D-阿洛酮糖(D-Allulose,D-Alu)对黑腹果蝇的寿命和抗氧化能力的影响,用不同浓度(0、1、5、10 mg/mL)D-阿洛酮糖喂养果蝇,分别进行寿命、攀爬、繁殖、摄食量、肠道稳态、抗氧化酶活性等实验。结果表明,与对照组相比,添加D-阿洛酮糖5 mg/mL组果蝇的平均寿命和最大寿命分别延长了18.86%和25.77%,均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。老龄果蝇的运动能力得到显著改善(P<0.01),添加5 mg/mL D-阿洛酮糖30 d龄果蝇攀爬指数与对照组相比,提高了21.10%。添加1 mg/mL D-阿洛酮糖组果蝇的产卵量与对照组相比提高了10.9%(P<0.05),果蝇的发育周期减少了7.81%(P<0.01)。此外,添加5 mg/mL D-阿洛酮糖30 d龄果蝇的肠道长度比对照组提高了13.06%(P<0.01),肠道泄露比例与对照组相比,降低了4.06%(P<0.01),缓解了衰老导致的肠道缩短和通透性增加。在抗氧化实验中,添加5 mg/mL D-阿洛酮糖组果蝇在氧化应激条件下平均存活时间提高了12.34%(P<0.05),果蝇的超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)Cu/Zn-SOD和Mn-SOD活性分别提高了13.49%(P<0.01)和16.19%(P<0.05),过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性提高了32.21%(P<0.01),丙二醛(Malonaldehyde,MDA)含量与对照组相比减少了20.75%(P<0.01)。综上所述,D-阿洛酮糖可以显著提高果蝇的抗氧化能力,延长果蝇健康寿命,具有潜在的抗衰老作用。

D-阿洛酮糖  /  黑腹果蝇  /  抗衰老  /  抗氧化

To investigate the effects of D-allulose (D-Alu) on the lifespan and antioxidant capacity of Drosophila melanogaster, D. melanogaster were fed with different concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10 mg/mL) of D-allulose, and experiments on lifespan, climbing, reproduction, food intake, intestinal homeostasis, and antioxidant enzyme activities were carried out. The results showed that the mean and maximum lifespan of D. melanogaster in the group with 5 mg/mL of D-allulose were prolonged by 18.86% and 25.77%, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The exercise capacity of aged D. melanogaster was significantly improved, and the climbing index of D. melanogaster at 30 d of age with the addition of D-allulose 5 mg/mL was increased by 21.10% compared with the control group (P<0.01). The egg production of D. melanogaster in the group supplemented with D-allulose 1 mg/mL increased by 10.9% (P<0.05) and the developmental cycle of D. melanogaster was shortened by 7.81% (P<0.01) compared with the control group. In addition, the addition of D-allulose 5 mg/mL increased the intestinal length of 30-d-old D. melanogaster by 13.06% (P<0.01) compared with the control group, and the proportion of intestinal leakage was reduced by 4.06% (P<0.01) compared with the control group, which reduced the shortening of the intestinal tract and the increase in permeability caused by aging. In the antioxidant assay, the mean survival time of D. melanogaster under oxidative stress conditions was prolonged by 12.34% (P<0.05) in the group supplemented with D-allulose 5 mg/mL, and the activities of D. melanogaster's superoxide dismutase (SOD) Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD were increased by 13.49% (P<0.01) and 16.19% (P<0.05), catalase (CAT) activity increased by 32.21% (P<0.01), and the malonaldehyde (MDA) content decreased by 20.75% (P<0.01) compared to the control. In conclusion, D-allulose can significantly improve the antioxidant capacity and prolong the healthy lifespan of D. melanogaster, showing a potential anti-aging efficacy.

D-allulose  /  Drosophila melanogaster  /  anti-aging  /  antioxidant
吕长生, 封建浩, 孙振欧, 郭庆彬, 丁文涛, 王昌禄. D-阿洛酮糖对果蝇寿命及抗氧化能力的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (4) : 453 -460 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030126
Changsheng LÜ, Jianhao FENG, Zhen'ou SUN, Qingbin GUO, Wentao DING, Changlu WANG. Effects of D-allulose on the Longevity and Antioxidant Capacity of Drosophila melanogaster[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (4) : 453 -460 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030126
D-阿洛酮糖(D-Allulose)是一种稀有糖,又称D-核糖-2-己酮糖,是D-果糖在C-3位置的差相异构体,分子式为C6H12O6,相对分子质量为180.16[1]。D-阿洛酮糖是一种白色粉末状晶体,无气味,熔点为96 ℃,在常温常压下的性质稳定[2]。D-阿洛酮糖可以溶于水和有机溶剂,在水中的溶解度较高:25 ℃下,每100 g水中可以溶解291 g D-阿洛酮糖[3]。此外,D-阿洛酮糖是一种还原性单糖,加热会发生美拉德反应,其甜度是蔗糖的70%,食用后热量极低,基本不产生能量,是传统甜味剂的理想替代品[4]。Matsuo等[5]通过大鼠实验验证,D-阿洛酮糖的热值为0.007 kcal/g,能量吸收效率仅为蔗糖的0.3%。
D-阿洛酮糖除具有独特的理化性质外,在以往的多项研究中也表现出显著的生理功能,包括降血糖、抵抗肥胖和神经保护等。例如,Buranapin等[6]在健康人群中发现,D-阿洛酮糖对葡萄糖和胰岛素的抑制反应表现为剂量依赖性,向蔗糖中添加D-阿洛酮糖后,餐后血糖和胰岛素水平降低,添加的D-阿洛酮糖越多,越不容易发生葡萄糖和胰岛素反应。Matsuo等[7]研究发现,D-阿洛酮糖能够通过降低肝脏中脂肪合成酶的活性,减少甘油三酯的合成,从而有助于减少脂肪在体内的积累,降低血脂水平。Takata等[8]在体外细胞实验中发现,添加50 mmol/L的D-阿洛酮糖可以通过提高细胞内谷胱甘肽(Glutathione,GSH)水平来抑制神经毒素——6-羟基多巴胺(6-Hydroxydopamine,6-OHDA)诱导的PC12细胞凋亡。除了这些已知的生理功能外,D-阿洛酮糖在抗氧化和延缓衰老方面的潜力也得到广泛关注。Shintani等[9]研究发现,D-阿洛酮糖可通过饮食限制机制减轻氧化损伤、增加超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide ismutase,SOD)和过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)的mRNA表达和酶活性来延长秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命。Choi等[10]研究发现,D-阿洛酮糖可以抑制肥胖小鼠肝脏中脂肪合成酶的活性,减少氧化应激标志物——丙二醛(Malonaldehyde,MDA)的含量,提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)的活性,从而抑制肥胖小鼠肝脏脂肪堆积,改善血脂异常和肝脂肪变性。
目前,关于D-阿洛酮糖抗氧化和抗衰老相关的研究较少,且仅在线虫模型中进行。黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)是果蝇模型生物中的一种,相比于其他品种具有繁殖力强、生命周期短、约75%致病基因与人类同源等优点,是抗衰老研究中常用的动物模型[11]。本文以黑腹果蝇为研究对象,研究饲喂不同浓度D-阿洛酮糖对果蝇寿命和抗氧化酶活性等方面的影响,为开发基于D-阿洛酮糖的功能食品提供依据。
D-阿洛酮糖(纯度98%) 上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;酵母 安琪酵母股份有限公司;琼脂粉、蔗糖、无水葡萄糖 天津市永大化学试剂有限公司;30%过氧化氢 天津大学科威公司;以上试剂均为分析纯;亮蓝、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)试剂盒、过氧化氢酶(CAT)试剂盒、丙二醛(MDA)试剂盒 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;氮气 飞林气体(天津)有限公司;W1118型黑腹果蝇 天津科技大学食品科学与工程学院发酵食品与微生物资源开发实验室。
HWS-1000型恒温恒湿培养箱 宁波海曙赛福实验仪器厂;Infinite 200 Pro型酶标仪 上海安景科技有限公司;TDZ5-WS型台式离心机 长沙湘仪离心机仪器有限公司;SQP型十万分之一电子天平 赛多利斯科学仪器(北京)有限公司;SZ810型连续变倍体式显微镜 重庆奥特光学仪器有限公司。
所有W1118型黑腹果蝇均用标准葡萄糖玉米琼脂培养基饲养,放置于恒温恒湿培养箱中,采用25 ℃、65%湿度,12 h光照/12 h黑暗的饲养条件[12]。基础培养基的配制参考吴俊豪等[13]方法,D-阿洛酮糖培养基是在基础培养基中加入D-阿洛酮糖溶液,搅拌均匀后配制。每3 d将果蝇转移到含有或不含D-阿洛酮糖标准培养基的培养瓶中。除非另有说明,所有实验均使用未交配的雌性果蝇。
收集8 h内羽化的雌性W1118型果蝇320只,分成4组,不添加D-阿洛酮糖的自然衰老果蝇为空白对照组,低剂量(1 mg/mL)、中剂量(5 mg/mL)、高剂量(10 mg/mL)D-阿洛酮糖饲喂的果蝇为实验组。每3 d更换一次各组果蝇培养基,分别记录每组果蝇死亡数量,逃逸或非正常死亡的果蝇不计在内,直到每组最后一只果蝇死亡,同时,将每组最后10%存活果蝇的平均寿命作为最长寿命[14]。最后统计分析果蝇的平均寿命、半数死亡时间和最长寿命,同时绘制果蝇的生存曲线,每组重复4次。各项寿命指标的计算公式如下:
$\rm 平均寿命(d)=\frac{每组果蝇寿命之和}{每组果蝇总数} $
$\rm 半数死亡时间(d)=每组50\text{%}果蝇死亡时的时间 $
$\rm 最长寿命(d)=\frac{每组最后10\text{%}果蝇寿命之和}{每组10\text{%}果蝇总数} $
果蝇分组及饲喂方法同1.2.2。使用负地向性测试来评估果蝇垂直攀爬能力[15]。分别在培养第15、30 d时将果蝇转移至透明玻璃管中,轻拍管壁,使待测果蝇全部落至玻璃管底部。统计15 s垂直移动超过8 cm的果蝇数量,计算各组果蝇的攀爬指数(Climbing Index,CI)。每组重复4次。攀爬指数计算公式如下:
$ \rm 攀爬指数(\text{%})=\frac{每组15\;s移动超过8\;cm果蝇总数}{每组果蝇总数}\times 100 $
果蝇体重测量和食物摄取测定分组及饲喂方法同1.2.2。在果蝇培养第30 d时,将待测果蝇用氮气进行麻醉,采用电子天平记录果蝇体重。在果蝇培养第15 d时进行食物摄取测定。在5%的蔗糖溶液中加入可食用色素亮蓝,配制成浓度为1%的果蝇培养液。将待测果蝇饥饿2 h,转移到含有亮蓝培养液滤纸条的培养管中饲养18 h。将以上果蝇用氮气麻醉,立即置于预冷的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中研磨,离心5 min后收集上清液。将上清液滴加到96孔板中,625 nm处测定吸光度。以x轴为蓝色染料在水中连续稀释的浓度,y轴为吸光度,绘制标准曲线y=6.85242x+0.0618,R2=0.9976,计算果蝇摄食量[16]。以上实验每组重复4次。
果蝇分组及饲喂方法同1.2.2。果蝇饲喂15 d后,每管各取20只雌性果蝇和20只雄性果蝇,将其移至含有葡萄糖-琼脂的培养皿中25 ℃下培养24 h,取出所有果蝇,在显微镜下计数每组果蝇的产卵量[17]。另外,用磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)洗涤培养皿表面,分别均匀地放置在对应浓度的D-阿洛酮糖培养基中。计算每组果蝇虫卵总数和虫卵的孵化时间。每组重复4次。
果蝇分组及饲喂方法同1.2.2。果蝇培养第30 d时,测试其饥饿抗性,将每瓶20只雌性果蝇转移到含有1%琼脂的培养瓶中,每隔8 h统计果蝇死亡数,直至果蝇全部死亡。测试果蝇对氧化应激的抵抗力,在5%的蔗糖溶液中加入30% H2O2,最终得到含10% H2O2的蔗糖溶液。将培养30 d的果蝇转入空的培养管中,饥饿2 h。然后,将果蝇转移到含有沾有过氧化氢、葡萄糖溶液滤纸条的培养管中,每隔2 h统计果蝇死亡个数,直至培养管内果蝇全部死亡[18]。每组重复4次。果蝇各项寿命指标计算同1.2.2。
果蝇分组及饲喂方法同1.2.2,喂养至30 d。在5%的蔗糖溶液中加入可食用色素亮蓝,配制成浓度为1%的果蝇培养液。吸取200 μL果蝇培养液,滴加在裁剪好的滤纸条上,8 h后观察管内的果蝇状态。将蓝色扩散到肠道以外的果蝇判定为“蓝精灵”[19]。计算每组“蓝精灵”的数量占果蝇总数量的百分比。每组重复4次。
$\rm 蓝精灵比例(\text{%})=\frac{每组蓝精灵果蝇数量}{每组果蝇总数}\times 100 $
果蝇分组及饲喂方法同1.2.2,喂养至30 d。在磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中解剖果蝇,取出中肠,在10%福尔马林固定液中固定30 min,清洗两次,置于载玻片密封。肠管长度用游标卡尺测量[20]。每组重复4次。
果蝇分组及饲喂方法同1.2.2,喂养至30 d。用氮气将果蝇吹晕,每20只果蝇一组,放入冰上的离心管中,加入100 μL预冷的生理盐水,充分研磨。4 ℃,3500 r/min离心15 min,按照试剂盒步骤进行铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase,Cu/Zn-SOD)、锰超氧化物歧化酶(Mn-superoxide dismutase,Mn-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量测定[21]。每组重复4次。
本研究结果均采用GraphPad Prism 9.5进行分析和绘图;数据以均数±标准差(Mean±SD)表示;采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA)和t-检验分析各组间差异的显著性;采用Log-rank检验生存试验的显著性;以*P<0.05、**P<0.01为差异具有统计学意义。
为探究D-阿洛酮糖对果蝇寿命的影响,评估了添加0、1、5和10 mg/mL D-阿洛酮糖的W1118型雌性黑腹果蝇的寿命,统计各组寿命差异并绘制寿命曲线,果蝇存活率结果如图1所示,平均寿命、最大寿命等指标如表1所示。
由表1可以看出,低剂量组和中剂量组果蝇寿命显著延长(P<0.05)。其中,中剂量组果蝇寿命延长的效果最为显著。与对照组相比,中剂量组果蝇的平均寿命延长了18.86%(P<0.01),中位寿命从39 d增加到48 d,延长了23.08%(P<0.01),最大寿命为68.63 d,比对照组延长了13.67%(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,D-阿洛酮糖对果蝇的寿命具有明显的调节作用,其中,在1~10 mg/mL浓度范围内,5 mg/mL D-阿洛酮糖组的效果最为显著。Shintani等[9]研究5~25 mmol/L浓度的D-阿洛酮糖对低氧条件下培养的野生型N2秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命实验发现,D-阿洛酮糖处理显著增加了秀丽隐杆线虫的平均寿命,其中5、10、25 mmol/L D-阿洛酮糖组的寿命分别比空白对照组延长了4.0%、12.0%及7.0%,寿命延长效应呈剂量依赖性,本实验结果与之一致。即低浓度时,随着D-阿洛酮糖的浓度增加,寿命延长效果越显著;随着浓度进一步增大,延长寿命的效果减弱。
为探究D-阿洛酮糖对果蝇运动能力的影响,通过攀爬实验对其进行评估,结果如图2所示。
由图2可以看出,在饲喂15 d果蝇攀爬实验中,中剂量组的果蝇攀爬指数(CI)比对照组提高了14.79%(图2A,P<0.05);而低剂量组和高剂量组与对照组相比无显著差异(图2A,P>0.05)。在饲喂30 d果蝇攀爬实验中,对照组攀爬指数比饲喂15 d时下降了25%,低剂量组和高剂量组与对照组相比分别提高12.5%和13.1%(图2B,P<0.05),中剂量组果蝇攀爬指数比对照组提高了21.19%(图2B,P<0.01),且与饲喂15 d相比仍维持较高水平。果蝇攀爬实验是依据果蝇负地向性行为的特点而设计的,果蝇的攀爬能力随着年龄的增长而下降。因此,攀爬实验可以很好地反映果蝇的健康状况和衰老程度[22]。本实验结果表明,果蝇攀爬能力随着年龄的增长而降低,添加D-阿洛酮糖可以有效改善老龄果蝇的攀爬能力,提高老龄果蝇运动活力。Huang等[23]研究发现,添加5 mg/mL红毛丹皮多酚提取物(RPPEs)可以显著改善中老年果蝇的攀爬能力,表明RPPEs可能有助于维持肌肉功能和运动能力,从而延缓衰老带来的运动能力下降。该研究结果与本研究结果相一致,推测可能由于D-阿洛酮糖在果蝇体内发挥抗衰老作用,维持了果蝇的健康状态,从而提高了攀爬能力。
为探究D-阿洛酮糖对果蝇饮食规律的影响,测定了不同添加浓度果蝇的摄食量和体重,结果如图3所示。
由图3可以看出,实验组果蝇平均摄食量与对照组相比无明显差异(图3A,P>0.05)。在体重实验中,低剂量组和中剂量组与对照组相比无明显差异(图3B,P>0.05),高剂量组果蝇体重与对照组相比具有显著性差异(图3B,P<0.05),降低了1.96%。有研究表明,通过饮食限制,如卡路里限制或间歇性进食可以在一定程度上延长寿命[24]。本实验结果表明,添加D-阿洛酮糖并没有改变果蝇的摄食量和体重,因此,可以排除饮食限制对于果蝇寿命的影响。Li等[17]研究发现,通过卡路里限制可以在一定程度上延长高热量饮食中老龄雌性黑腹果蝇的寿命。动物实验证明,D-阿洛酮糖的体内代谢并不显著。通过大鼠摄入D-阿洛酮糖代谢和能量值的实验发现,约有70%的D-阿洛酮糖被小肠吸收后通过尿液排出,剩下的不能被利用或在大肠中进行发酵[25]。这些结果表明,D-阿洛酮糖可以被机体部分吸收从而进入代谢循环系统,但能量转化效率很低。结合热量限制理论和D-阿洛酮糖低热量的特性,推测D-阿洛酮糖可能通过热量限制延长黑腹果蝇寿命。
为探究D-阿洛酮糖对果蝇繁殖和发育的影响,评估了添加不同浓度D-阿洛酮糖果蝇的产卵量和卵孵化时间,结果如图4所示。
由图4可以看出,饲喂15 d后,低剂量组雌蝇在饲喂后繁殖能力显著增强(P<0.05),单只雌性果蝇日均产卵量从对照组的9.7枚提升至10.7枚,产卵量提高了10.9%;中剂量组果蝇的产卵量与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),而高剂量组果蝇的产卵量显著降低(P<0.05),下降了16.6%。此外,低剂量组果蝇卵的孵化时间与对照组相比显著缩短7.81%(P<0.01)。有研究表明,果蝇的寿命和繁殖能力存在一定关联,果蝇的繁殖能力会随着机体衰老而减退[26]。本研究中,D-阿洛酮糖在延长果蝇寿命的同时不影响果蝇的繁殖能力,且在低浓度范围内可提高果蝇的繁殖效率,促进果蝇发育进程,表明摄入适量D-阿洛酮糖对果蝇繁殖能力具有一定的保护潜力。但随着D-阿洛酮糖添加浓度的增大,表现出对果蝇繁殖能力的抑制效果。Yoshihara等[27]研究结果表明,D-阿洛酮糖对秀丽隐杆线虫的半数生长抑制浓度为52.7 mmol/L。此外,Sato等[28]研究发现,D-阿洛酮糖通过抑制核酸的生物合成从而抑制秀丽隐杆线虫的生长,但对L4期的影响小于L1期。本实验结果表明,高浓度下的D-阿洛酮糖对果蝇繁殖以及幼虫生长发育的抑制作用与上述研究结果相一致。
为探究D-阿洛酮糖对果蝇肠道的影响,评估了添加不同浓度D-阿洛酮糖果蝇肠道蓝色染料扩散率[29]和长度,结果如图5所示。
“蓝精灵”是指果蝇摄入蓝色染料后,蓝色染料突破肠道屏障扩散到果蝇全身的状态,“蓝精灵”比例越高,肠道屏障功能越差。由图5可以看出,饲喂30 d后,中剂量组果蝇的“蓝精灵”比例为10%,与对照组相比降低4.06%(P<0.01),低剂量组果蝇的“蓝精灵”比例为12.81%,高剂量组果蝇“蓝精灵”比例为14.69%,与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。
随着年龄的增长,果蝇肠道干细胞功能衰退,肠道上皮细胞凋亡增加、再生能力下降等最终导致果蝇的肠道缩短。因此,肠道长度也是果蝇衰老的一个重要标志。肠道长度测量结果显示,饲喂30 d的中剂量组果蝇肠道长度比对照组增加13.06%(P<0.01),低剂量组与高剂量组果蝇肠道长度与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。
肠道稳态与衰老之间具有紧密的关联,衰老会破坏肠道内稳态,导致果蝇肠道长度缩短、肠道通透性增加和免疫功能下降[30]。本研究结果表明,添加适当浓度的D-阿洛酮糖可维持衰老果蝇的肠道稳态,抑制衰老诱导的肠道缩短并改善老龄果蝇肠道通透性,减轻老龄果蝇的肠道损伤。Tian等[31]通过敲除果蝇VhaAC39-1基因后发现,果蝇肠道出现酸性环境破坏、肠道菌群数量增加、肠上皮完整性受损以及肠道干细胞过度增殖等问题,引起果蝇食物摄入、甘油三酯水平和繁殖力等许多生理指标的干扰,最终导致果蝇寿命缩短。以上结果揭示了肠道稳态与寿命的关系,本研究结果与之相一致。
为了探究D-阿洛酮糖对果蝇抗逆性的影响,评估了添加不同浓度D-阿洛酮糖果蝇在饥饿环境以及氧化应激环境下的存活率,结果如图6所示。
由图6可以看出,在饥饿应激条件下,对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组的果蝇平均存活时间分别为103.2、105.75、106.65、99.15 h,各组生存时间接近,生存曲线经Log-rank检验,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。饥饿应激实验结果表明,添加D-阿洛酮糖并没有对果蝇饥饿状态下的寿命产生影响。结合图3,D-阿洛酮糖未改变果蝇体重和摄食量的结果,推测摄入D-阿洛酮糖没有促进果蝇糖原和脂肪的储备,在饥饿时无法提供额外能量支持果蝇在长期饥饿环境下寿命的延长。
在H2O2氧化应激诱导条件下,饲喂30 d时,中剂量组果蝇的平均寿命从对照组的21.07 h延长至23.67 h(P<0.05),延长了12.34%,最大寿命从29.6 h延长至30.6 h。结果表明,添加适当浓度的D-阿洛酮糖可能通过提高老龄果蝇抵抗氧化损伤的能力,延长果蝇在氧化应激环境下的寿命。
在2.6中已经阐述了氧化应激条件下,D-阿洛酮糖对果蝇寿命的影响,推测果蝇寿命延长是由于D-阿洛酮糖在果蝇抗氧化防御机制中发挥了积极的作用。为进一步确定D-阿洛酮糖在老龄果蝇体内的抗氧化作用,测定了果蝇体内Cu/Zn-SOD、Mn-SOD、CAT的活性和MDA的含量,结果如表2所示。
由表2的SOD活性测定结果可以看出,与对照组相比,低剂量组果蝇的Cu/Zn-SOD活性显著提高,增加了10.59%,Mn-SOD活性提高了9.46%;中剂量组果蝇的Cu/Zn-SOD和Mn-SOD活性显著提高(P<0.05),分别增加了13.49%和16.19%;高剂量组果蝇的Cu/Zn-SOD和Mn-SOD活性分别提高了7.04%和4.41%,与对照组相比无显著性差异(P>0.05)。
CAT活性测定结果显示,D-阿洛酮糖组的CAT活性与对照组相比,从低剂量到高剂量分别提高了13.99%、32.21%和9.65%,中剂量组CAT活性与对照组相比具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。
MDA含量测定结果显示,与对照组相比,低剂量组和中剂量组果蝇的MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05),分别降低了13.21%和20.75%。SOD和CAT均可以有效的清除机体内的超氧自由基,是机体自由基清除能力的间接指标[32]。MDA是脂质过氧化的终产物之一,具有细胞毒性,是间接反应脂质氧化程度的重要指标[33]。通过测定上述抗氧化酶活性以及脂质过氧化产物的含量发现,长期摄入适当浓度的D-阿洛酮糖可以通过增强老龄果蝇SOD、CAT的活力,从而提高老龄果蝇体内活性氧的清除能力,减少羟基自由基生成并减轻脂质过氧化损伤。结合其改善氧化应激抗性、维持肠道稳态和增强运动能力等多重效应,提示D-阿洛酮糖可能通过多种作用方式延缓果蝇的衰老进程。
本文以W1118型黑腹果蝇为研究模型,探究了D-阿洛酮糖对黑腹果蝇寿命及抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明,摄入适量的D-阿洛酮糖可以延长果蝇寿命,改善老龄果蝇的运动能力。摄入低浓度D-阿洛酮糖可以提高果蝇的繁殖效率并缩短果蝇的发育周期。同时,摄入适量的D-阿洛酮糖可以减少衰老导致的果蝇肠道缩短和通透性增加,改善老龄果蝇肠道屏障功能。在抗氧化方面,摄入适量的D-阿洛酮糖可以改善老龄果蝇的氧化应激抵抗能力,延长在氧化应激环境下的寿命,提高果蝇的Cu/Zn-SOD、Mn-SOD和CAT活性以及降低MDA含量。D-阿洛酮糖改善了果蝇衰老相关的生理指标,提高了抗氧化酶活力,实现了延长果蝇寿命的作用。值得注意的是,D-阿洛酮糖未显著改变果蝇体重、摄食量及饥饿应激下的生存能力,表明其抗衰作用依赖于正常状态下的代谢优化与氧化防御机制,而非能量储备干预。
目前,D-阿洛酮糖对果蝇寿命和抗氧化能力影响的机制尚不明确。本文通过研究果蝇寿命和抗氧化的相关实验,进一步阐明D-阿洛酮糖在果蝇体内的作用机制,为开发D-阿洛酮糖的抗衰老和抗氧化产品提供依据。然而,在研究中仍存在一些问题,如D-阿洛酮糖对果蝇寿命和抗氧化能力的影响可能涉及多种生物化学途径和基因表达的调控。此外,果蝇与人类在生理和代谢方面存在差异,将果蝇的研究结果直接应用于人类可能存在一定的局限性。未来可以利用基因编辑技术和转录组学等手段,从分子层面研究D-阿洛酮糖对果蝇寿命和抗氧化能力的调节机制。在果蝇研究的基础上,进一步验证D-阿洛酮糖对其他模式生物的作用效果,并探索其中的作用机制。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030126
  • 接收时间:2025-03-10
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-10
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    1天津科技大学食品科学与工程学院,天津 300457
    2省部共建食品营养与安全国家重点实验室,天津 300457

通讯作者:

丁文涛(1984−),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:。
王昌禄(1960−),男,硕士,教授,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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