Article(id=1320890003866107996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320889471592149951, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030053, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1741276800000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854317871, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854317871, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854317871, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854317871, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320889471592149951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771084800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854190967, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854190967, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=381, endPage=391, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320890004080017501, articleId=1320890003866107996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Changes in Physicochemical Properties of Starch in Chestnuts During Storage, columnId=1261343845820805453, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Storage and Preservation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To explore the variation patterns of starch quality in chestnuts during short-term storage, three cultivars—Dabanhong, Laoshuli, and Yanshan Zaofeng—were selected for investigation. The physicochemical and structural properties of starch were analyzed after storage at −2 ± 0.5 ℃ and 90%~95% relative humidity. After 63 days, total starch content decreased by 6.13%~15.44%, while rapidly digestible starch declined by 34.82%~43.44%. In contrast, amylose content increased by 5.37%~19.54%, and resistant starch rose by 1.04 to 3.23 times, indicating enhanced starch resistance and reduced digestibility. In terms of thermal properties, the gelatinization peak temperatures of Dabanhong and Laoshuli starches increased by 2.38% and 2.45%, respectively, while Yanshan Zaofeng starch exhibited a higher gelatinization temperature and a 23.72% increase in enthalpy, suggesting superior thermal stability. Structurally, the starch granule morphology remained unchanged, whereas both short-range molecular order and relative crystallinity increased, indicating structural reorganization induced by storage. From a processing perspective, chestnuts stored for approximately 14 days showed higher sweetness, making them suitable for chestnut paste and ready-to-eat products, those stored for 63 days, enriched in resistant starch, were ideal for developing low-glycemic index functional foods. This study elucidates the regulatory role of storage in modulating chestnut starch structure and digestibility, providing theoretical support and practical guidance for optimizing postharvest processing timing and functional product development.

, authors=Huijie FANG1, Jiyuan LÜ1, Liwen WANG1, Qingquan TAO2, Xianghong WANG1, *, authorsList=Huijie FANG, Jiyuan LÜ, Liwen WANG, Qingquan TAO, Xianghong WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xianghong WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320890007758422132, articleId=1320890003866107996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=板栗贮藏期间淀粉理化性质的变化, columnId=1261343846517059923, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=贮运保鲜, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究板栗在短期贮藏期间淀粉品质的变化规律,以大板红、老树栗和燕山早丰为对象,在温度−2±0.5 ℃、湿度90%~95%贮藏后对淀粉理化性质和结构性质进行了测定分析。结果表明,贮藏63 d后,三种板栗淀粉总淀粉含量下降6.13%~15.44%,快消化淀粉含量下降34.82%~43.44%,直链淀粉提升5.37%~19.54%,抗性淀粉升高1.04~3.23倍。热特性结果表示大板红和老树栗淀粉糊化峰值温度分别增加了2.38%和2.45%;燕山早丰糊化温度较高,且糊化焓增加了23.72%,热稳定性较强。结构上,三种板栗淀粉颗粒形状未发生明显改变、短程有序性和结晶度增加。加工指导方面,贮藏14 d左右板栗甜度高,宜制栗酱和即食产品;63 d抗性淀粉高,适合开发低GI功能食品。本研究揭示贮藏调控板栗淀粉结构与消化特性的变化,为采后加工时机筛选及功能化产品研发提供理论支撑和实践指导。

, authors=方慧杰1, 吕际元1, 王利文1, 陶清泉2, 王向红1, *, authorsList=方慧杰, 吕际元, 王利文, 陶清泉, 王向红, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王向红, authorNote=

方慧杰(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品安全与品质,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
王向红(1973−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品安全与品质,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=I5KxIx8lAfBkAQiY13bGpg==, magXml=0BJSEuM/Q4W42EME+Izg7Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=e0F+dRhecV7VYKXza32Oog==, pdfFileSize=5394110, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=hHCFkdzsh+ekkG0C80OlMA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=FEsAMQCIEzsiAPEd/zLqKQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320890008186241148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=jiehui_fang2000@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320890008274321534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, authorId=1320890008186241148, language=EN, stringName=Huijie FANG, firstName=Huijie, middleName=null, lastName=FANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320890008362401919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, authorId=1320890008186241148, language=CN, stringName=方慧杰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1河北农业大学食品科技学院,河北保定 071000, bio={"content":"

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方慧杰(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品安全与品质,E-mail:

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注:同一品种不同小写字母表示不同贮藏时间之间差异显著(P<0.05),图2~图7同。

, figureFileSmall=Buf189DNQEC1PfwCQsS94A==, figureFileBig=hHCFkdzsh+ekkG0C80OlMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320890011994669216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Reducing sugar content of Dabanhong, Laoshuli and Yanshan Zaofeng during storage, figureFileSmall=J/tjq1HeF9mPEQ2mUm+hrw==, figureFileBig=X+x/nuB0iIN/lGCs83lXfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320890012074360993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, language=CN, label=图2, caption=大板红、老树栗和燕山早丰在贮藏期间的还原糖含量, figureFileSmall=J/tjq1HeF9mPEQ2mUm+hrw==, figureFileBig=X+x/nuB0iIN/lGCs83lXfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320890012158247074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Amylose content and amylose/amylopectin ratio of Dabanhong, Laoshuli and Yanshan Zaofeng during storage, figureFileSmall=ZC6B4IQVn8FRMKIve3fnJQ==, figureFileBig=C3hcWIRQ7WHcf6cdUfQc9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320890012237938851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, language=CN, label=图3, caption=大板红、老树栗和燕山早丰在贮藏期间的直链淀粉含量和直/支链淀粉, figureFileSmall=ZC6B4IQVn8FRMKIve3fnJQ==, figureFileBig=C3hcWIRQ7WHcf6cdUfQc9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320890012321824932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Solubility and swelling power of Dabanhong, Laoshuli and Yanshan Zaofeng starches during storage, figureFileSmall=V5wIw1aZIpfzTjybD8XPOg==, figureFileBig=Yx+NYMngGboJNO1HYHG/wQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320890012393128101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, language=CN, label=图4, caption=大板红、老树栗和燕山早丰在贮藏期间的溶解度和溶胀力, figureFileSmall=V5wIw1aZIpfzTjybD8XPOg==, figureFileBig=Yx+NYMngGboJNO1HYHG/wQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320890012460236966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Water absorption and oil absorption capacities of Dabanhong, Laoshuli and Yanshan Zaofeng starches during storage, figureFileSmall=ztheNjonPg9hLl3LXlC0vA==, figureFileBig=AU5s1hRTRz3aT64lz7oqUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320890012535734439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, language=CN, label=图5, caption=大板红、老树栗和燕山早丰淀粉在贮藏期间的吸水和吸油能力, figureFileSmall=ztheNjonPg9hLl3LXlC0vA==, figureFileBig=AU5s1hRTRz3aT64lz7oqUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320890012611231912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Thermal property curves of Dabanhong, Laoshuli and Yanshan Zaofeng starches during storage, figureFileSmall=9Y1YywsfZGKU3Q2Q9xE0PA==, figureFileBig=igHIYfrc4QvLJjt2KMbmDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320890012682535081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, language=CN, label=图6, caption=大板红、老树栗和燕山早丰淀粉在贮藏期间的热特性曲线, figureFileSmall=9Y1YywsfZGKU3Q2Q9xE0PA==, figureFileBig=igHIYfrc4QvLJjt2KMbmDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320890012770615466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Digestible starch content of Dabanhong, Laoshuli and Yanshan Zaofeng during storage, figureFileSmall=LpzklnRzhYmktOktU7Qbkg==, figureFileBig=NQ3x7XBx4CXjww7i/v6gGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320890012841918635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, language=CN, label=图7, caption=大板红、老树栗和燕山早丰在贮藏期间的消化淀粉含量, figureFileSmall=LpzklnRzhYmktOktU7Qbkg==, figureFileBig=NQ3x7XBx4CXjww7i/v6gGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320890012909027500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Scanning electron microscope of Dabanhong, Laoshuli and Yanshan Zaofeng during storage, figureFileSmall=MpVTWBbXe3riU6Wo4AUu4g==, figureFileBig=NBe8PBcg2hl/IcJgMpBRoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320890012980330669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, language=CN, label=图8, caption=大板红、老树栗和燕山早丰淀粉在贮藏期间的扫描电镜图

注:D、L和Y分别代表大板红、老树栗和燕山早丰板栗淀粉,0、14、28、42、63分别代表贮藏的天数,图9~图10同。

, figureFileSmall=MpVTWBbXe3riU6Wo4AUu4g==, figureFileBig=NBe8PBcg2hl/IcJgMpBRoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320890013085188270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Fourier transform infrared spectrum of Dabanhong, Laoshuli and Yanshan Zaofeng during storage, figureFileSmall=ULn+ejhJt2EEnrjWM9bxbA==, figureFileBig=lqQQ+jlmy3llI0ZkutyHjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320890013164880047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, language=CN, label=图9, caption=大板红、老树栗和燕山早丰淀粉在贮藏期间的傅里叶红外变换光谱图, figureFileSmall=ULn+ejhJt2EEnrjWM9bxbA==, figureFileBig=lqQQ+jlmy3llI0ZkutyHjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320890014817435824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=X-ray diffraction pattern of Dabanhong, Laoshuli and Yanshan Zaofeng during storage, figureFileSmall=6G5nact6RQzpxok0aNW+NA==, figureFileBig=4cQZcUWTpSQxvJ+wKN2x9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320890014892933297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, language=CN, label=图10, caption=大板红、老树栗和燕山早丰淀粉在贮藏期间的X射线衍射图, figureFileSmall=6G5nact6RQzpxok0aNW+NA==, figureFileBig=4cQZcUWTpSQxvJ+wKN2x9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320890014976819378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Principal component analysis of physicochemical indices of Dabanhong, Laoshuli and Yanshan Zaofeng during storage, figureFileSmall=q5q2m77N5IzJuVVCc+LJrQ==, figureFileBig=13SyrHbB98xMgfR46HiAbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320890015060705459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, language=CN, label=图11, caption=大板红、老树栗和燕山早丰在贮藏期间理化指标的主成分分析, figureFileSmall=q5q2m77N5IzJuVVCc+LJrQ==, figureFileBig=13SyrHbB98xMgfR46HiAbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320890015144591540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Thermal properties of Dabanhong, Laoshuli and Yanshan Zaofeng starches during storage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
贮藏时
间(d)
To(℃)Tp(℃)Tc(℃)∆H(J/g)
大板红老树栗燕山早丰大板红老树栗燕山早丰大板红老树栗燕山早丰大板红老树栗燕山早丰
056.78±0.15f56.79±0.25e65.09±0.48a61.29±0.07d61.67±0.26d69.30±0.50a66.11±0.19c66.07±0.17ef74.65±0.72a11.01±0.33d10.46±0.52d10.58±0.24e
757.28±0.24e56.49±0.33e63.59±0.09c61.49±0.26cd60.99±0.29e67.61±0.08c65.98±0.37c65.76±0.17f72.65±0.08c11.38±0.4abc10.62±0.15d12.53±0.69a
1457.35±0.03e56.69±0.19e64.09±0.13b61.44±0.07cd61.65±0.16d67.91±0.15bc65.94±0.06c66.38±0.23de72.65±0.21c11.28±0.31cd11.16±0.69cd11.29±0.39cd
2157.29±0.12e57.57±0.41d64.42±0.28b61.50±0.06cd62.01±0.25c68.29±0.31b66.28±0.07c66.64±0.30cd72.85±0.46bc11.29±0.43cd10.87±0.52d11.03±0.10de
2857.37±0.14e57.48±0.23d64.18±0.22b61.65±0.15c62.11±0.27c68.17±0.31b66.22±0.3c66.78±0.28c73.09±0.68bc11.24±0.35cd11.71±0.39bc11.82±0.19bc
3559.47±0.09a58.97±0.09a65.45±0.06a63.37±0.11a63.21±0.06a69.00±0.04a67.71±0.17a67.73±0.07ab73.18±0.17bc12.39±0.22a12.66±0.39a13.06±0.22a
4258.99±0.14b59.05±0.04a65.12±0.62a62.87±0.10b63.25±0.13a69.00±0.15a67.32±0.15ab67.61±0.15ab73.11±0.25bc12.17±0.73ab12.43±0.21ab12.98±0.07a
4958.29±0.06d58.57±0.02bc65.31±0.09a62.66±0.03b63.14±0.12a68.93±0.05a67.25±0.05b67.71±0.06ab73.09±0.02bc11.89±0.29abc12.50±0.34a13.01±0.21a
5658.66±0.28c58.36±0.11c64.94±0.24a62.83±0.34b62.73±0.09b69.08±0.33a67.34±0.46ab67.91±0.11a73.53±0.46b11.51±0.24bcd11.71±0.44bc11.93±0.43b
6358.59±0.05c58.90±0.14ab65.46±0.07a62.75±0.12b63.18±0.11a69.09±0.02a67.31±0.20ab67.54±0.17b73.28±0.09bc12.42±0.70a12.75±0.35a13.09±0.36a
), ArticleFig(id=1320890015224283317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

大板红、老树栗和燕山早丰淀粉在贮藏期间的热特性参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
贮藏时
间(d)
To(℃)Tp(℃)Tc(℃)∆H(J/g)
大板红老树栗燕山早丰大板红老树栗燕山早丰大板红老树栗燕山早丰大板红老树栗燕山早丰
056.78±0.15f56.79±0.25e65.09±0.48a61.29±0.07d61.67±0.26d69.30±0.50a66.11±0.19c66.07±0.17ef74.65±0.72a11.01±0.33d10.46±0.52d10.58±0.24e
757.28±0.24e56.49±0.33e63.59±0.09c61.49±0.26cd60.99±0.29e67.61±0.08c65.98±0.37c65.76±0.17f72.65±0.08c11.38±0.4abc10.62±0.15d12.53±0.69a
1457.35±0.03e56.69±0.19e64.09±0.13b61.44±0.07cd61.65±0.16d67.91±0.15bc65.94±0.06c66.38±0.23de72.65±0.21c11.28±0.31cd11.16±0.69cd11.29±0.39cd
2157.29±0.12e57.57±0.41d64.42±0.28b61.50±0.06cd62.01±0.25c68.29±0.31b66.28±0.07c66.64±0.30cd72.85±0.46bc11.29±0.43cd10.87±0.52d11.03±0.10de
2857.37±0.14e57.48±0.23d64.18±0.22b61.65±0.15c62.11±0.27c68.17±0.31b66.22±0.3c66.78±0.28c73.09±0.68bc11.24±0.35cd11.71±0.39bc11.82±0.19bc
3559.47±0.09a58.97±0.09a65.45±0.06a63.37±0.11a63.21±0.06a69.00±0.04a67.71±0.17a67.73±0.07ab73.18±0.17bc12.39±0.22a12.66±0.39a13.06±0.22a
4258.99±0.14b59.05±0.04a65.12±0.62a62.87±0.10b63.25±0.13a69.00±0.15a67.32±0.15ab67.61±0.15ab73.11±0.25bc12.17±0.73ab12.43±0.21ab12.98±0.07a
4958.29±0.06d58.57±0.02bc65.31±0.09a62.66±0.03b63.14±0.12a68.93±0.05a67.25±0.05b67.71±0.06ab73.09±0.02bc11.89±0.29abc12.50±0.34a13.01±0.21a
5658.66±0.28c58.36±0.11c64.94±0.24a62.83±0.34b62.73±0.09b69.08±0.33a67.34±0.46ab67.91±0.11a73.53±0.46b11.51±0.24bcd11.71±0.44bc11.93±0.43b
6358.59±0.05c58.90±0.14ab65.46±0.07a62.75±0.12b63.18±0.11a69.09±0.02a67.31±0.20ab67.54±0.17b73.28±0.09bc12.42±0.70a12.75±0.35a13.09±0.36a
), ArticleFig(id=1320890015316558006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Short-range orderliness of Dabanhong, Laoshuli and Yanshan Zaofeng starches during storage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
贮藏时间(d)短程有序性
大板红老树栗燕山早丰
00.8724±0.0002e0.8690±0.0009d0.8644±0.0001d
140.8745±0.0004d0.8698±0.0008cd0.8778±0.0002a
280.8897±0.0007a0.8701±0.0003c0.8678±0.0002bc
420.8790±0.0002b0.8794±0.0002a0.8750±0.0004ab
630.8765±0.0003c0.8724±0.0002b0.8838±0.0115a
), ArticleFig(id=1320890015392055479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

大板红、老树栗和燕山早丰淀粉在贮藏期间的短程有序性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
贮藏时间(d)短程有序性
大板红老树栗燕山早丰
00.8724±0.0002e0.8690±0.0009d0.8644±0.0001d
140.8745±0.0004d0.8698±0.0008cd0.8778±0.0002a
280.8897±0.0007a0.8701±0.0003c0.8678±0.0002bc
420.8790±0.0002b0.8794±0.0002a0.8750±0.0004ab
630.8765±0.0003c0.8724±0.0002b0.8838±0.0115a
), ArticleFig(id=1320890015484330168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Relative crystallinity of Dabanhong, Laoshuli, and Yanshan Zaofeng starches during storage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
贮藏时间(d)相对结晶度
大板红老树栗燕山早丰
023.02±0.07d22.64±0.08d26.36±0.11b
1423.34±0.08c23.04±0.10c27.58±0.12a
2823.96±0.09b23.95±0.09b25.86±0.12c
4224.21±0.03a23.76±0.27b25.03±0.12d
6323.24±0.07c24.22±0.10a26.45±0.06b
), ArticleFig(id=1320890015551439033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

大板红、老树栗和燕山早丰淀粉在贮藏期间的相对结晶度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
贮藏时间(d)相对结晶度
大板红老树栗燕山早丰
023.02±0.07d22.64±0.08d26.36±0.11b
1423.34±0.08c23.04±0.10c27.58±0.12a
2823.96±0.09b23.95±0.09b25.86±0.12c
4224.21±0.03a23.76±0.27b25.03±0.12d
6323.24±0.07c24.22±0.10a26.45±0.06b
), ArticleFig(id=1320890015631130810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

PC load matrix of chestnut starch during storage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标PC1PC2
淀粉−0.21610.2532
直链淀粉0.1441−0.4130
还原糖0.3237−0.1186
△H0.3119−0.1466
To0.32050.3409
Tp0.30480.3614
Tc0.28340.3867
RDS−0.25900.1167
SDS−0.02390.0907
RS0.2927−0.1273
溶解度0.0909−0.1919
溶胀力−0.15030.1257
WAC−0.35310.1235
OAC−0.03020.2033
短程有序性0.2295−0.3007
相对结晶度0.30370.3097
), ArticleFig(id=1320890015715016891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320890003866107996, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

板栗淀粉在贮藏期间的PC载荷矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标PC1PC2
淀粉−0.21610.2532
直链淀粉0.1441−0.4130
还原糖0.3237−0.1186
△H0.3119−0.1466
To0.32050.3409
Tp0.30480.3614
Tc0.28340.3867
RDS−0.25900.1167
SDS−0.02390.0907
RS0.2927−0.1273
溶解度0.0909−0.1919
溶胀力−0.15030.1257
WAC−0.35310.1235
OAC−0.03020.2033
短程有序性0.2295−0.3007
相对结晶度0.30370.3097
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板栗贮藏期间淀粉理化性质的变化
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方慧杰 1 , 吕际元 1 , 王利文 1 , 陶清泉 2 , 王向红 1, *
食品工业科技 | 贮运保鲜 2026,47(4): 381-391
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食品工业科技 |贮运保鲜 2026 , 47 (4) : 381 -391
板栗贮藏期间淀粉理化性质的变化
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方慧杰1 , 吕际元1, 王利文1, 陶清泉2, 王向红1, *
作者信息
  • 1河北农业大学食品科技学院,河北保定 071000
  • 2承德神栗食品股份有限公司,河北承德 067600
通讯作者:
王向红(1973−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品安全与品质,E-mail:。
作者简介:

方慧杰(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品安全与品质,E-mail:

Changes in Physicochemical Properties of Starch in Chestnuts During Storage
Huijie FANG1 , Jiyuan LÜ1, Liwen WANG1, Qingquan TAO2, Xianghong WANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
  • 2Chengde Shenli Food Co., Ltd., Chengde 067600, China
出版时间: 2026-02-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030053
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为探究板栗在短期贮藏期间淀粉品质的变化规律,以大板红、老树栗和燕山早丰为对象,在温度−2±0.5 ℃、湿度90%~95%贮藏后对淀粉理化性质和结构性质进行了测定分析。结果表明,贮藏63 d后,三种板栗淀粉总淀粉含量下降6.13%~15.44%,快消化淀粉含量下降34.82%~43.44%,直链淀粉提升5.37%~19.54%,抗性淀粉升高1.04~3.23倍。热特性结果表示大板红和老树栗淀粉糊化峰值温度分别增加了2.38%和2.45%;燕山早丰糊化温度较高,且糊化焓增加了23.72%,热稳定性较强。结构上,三种板栗淀粉颗粒形状未发生明显改变、短程有序性和结晶度增加。加工指导方面,贮藏14 d左右板栗甜度高,宜制栗酱和即食产品;63 d抗性淀粉高,适合开发低GI功能食品。本研究揭示贮藏调控板栗淀粉结构与消化特性的变化,为采后加工时机筛选及功能化产品研发提供理论支撑和实践指导。

板栗淀粉  /  贮藏  /  理化性质  /  热特性  /  消化性质

To explore the variation patterns of starch quality in chestnuts during short-term storage, three cultivars—Dabanhong, Laoshuli, and Yanshan Zaofeng—were selected for investigation. The physicochemical and structural properties of starch were analyzed after storage at −2 ± 0.5 ℃ and 90%~95% relative humidity. After 63 days, total starch content decreased by 6.13%~15.44%, while rapidly digestible starch declined by 34.82%~43.44%. In contrast, amylose content increased by 5.37%~19.54%, and resistant starch rose by 1.04 to 3.23 times, indicating enhanced starch resistance and reduced digestibility. In terms of thermal properties, the gelatinization peak temperatures of Dabanhong and Laoshuli starches increased by 2.38% and 2.45%, respectively, while Yanshan Zaofeng starch exhibited a higher gelatinization temperature and a 23.72% increase in enthalpy, suggesting superior thermal stability. Structurally, the starch granule morphology remained unchanged, whereas both short-range molecular order and relative crystallinity increased, indicating structural reorganization induced by storage. From a processing perspective, chestnuts stored for approximately 14 days showed higher sweetness, making them suitable for chestnut paste and ready-to-eat products, those stored for 63 days, enriched in resistant starch, were ideal for developing low-glycemic index functional foods. This study elucidates the regulatory role of storage in modulating chestnut starch structure and digestibility, providing theoretical support and practical guidance for optimizing postharvest processing timing and functional product development.

chestnut starch  /  storage  /  physicochemical properties  /  thermal properties  /  digestive properties
方慧杰, 吕际元, 王利文, 陶清泉, 王向红. 板栗贮藏期间淀粉理化性质的变化. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (4) : 381 -391 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030053
Huijie FANG, Jiyuan LÜ, Liwen WANG, Qingquan TAO, Xianghong WANG. Changes in Physicochemical Properties of Starch in Chestnuts During Storage[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (4) : 381 -391 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030053
板栗(Castanea mollissima B.),又称栗子、毛栗或油栗,属于壳斗科栗属,是中国本土的优质坚果树种,已有数千年的栽培历史,并广泛分布于欧洲、亚洲和北美等地[1]。凭借其独特风味[2]、丰富的生物活性成分[3]和优良营养价值[4],板栗不仅作为传统食品备受欢迎,还因其作为功能性食品的潜力而引起广泛关注[5]。板栗通常在每年9~10月成熟,由于果实含水量高、营养丰富及呼吸代谢活跃[6],采后仍保持较强的生命活性,并具备良好的抗氧化酶系统和清除活性氧自由基的能力[7]。然而,这些生理特点也使得板栗在采后贮藏期间易发生品质变化,因此研究其采后品质保持机制具有重要的理论和实际价值。
淀粉作为板栗的主要储存物质,其理化特性在很大程度上决定了板栗及其加工制品的质地、营养和功能特性[8]。淀粉不仅能提升食品的黏度和质构,稳定乳化体系,还广泛应用于食品加工中作为稀释剂、结构剂和稳定剂。根据结构不同,淀粉可划分为直链和支链两类[9],其中直链淀粉含量[10]和直/支链比值[11]被证实对淀粉的消化性质及最终产品品质产生显著影响[12]。此外,淀粉的颗粒形态、分子有序度及晶体结构等微观特征,也直接决定其加工适应性和营养功能。
目前,关于板栗采后品质变化的研究多集中于贮藏条件对果实整体品质的影响[13−14]和采后病原真菌引发的腐败机制[15−16],而针对贮藏过程中板栗淀粉结构与功能性质变化的系统研究仍显不足。随着消费者对高品质、营养健康食品需求的不断提升,板栗淀粉的消化特性及其在不同贮藏时间下的功能性变化,成为制备优质板栗制品和提升加工品质亟需关注的关键问题[17]。因此,本研究选取大板红、老树栗和燕山早丰三个主要品种,系统考察其在新鲜采摘后贮藏约2个月期间,淀粉的理化特性、消化性质和结构变化。通过揭示贮藏时间对淀粉品质指标的影响规律,旨在为板栗及其淀粉基食品的品质优化和贮藏提供科学依据,为高品质板栗产品开发提供理论支撑和数据参考。
大板红、老树栗、燕山早丰三种板栗 采自河北承德宽城;猪胰α-淀粉酶(5 U/mg)、直链淀粉含量试剂盒(货号:AC10666) 上海吉至生化科技有限公司;淀粉葡萄糖苷酶(100000 U/mL) 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;葡萄糖氧化酶试剂盒(GOPOD) 爱尔兰Megazeme公司;本实验中其他所有试剂均为分析纯,购自国药集团化学试剂有限公司。
1500-823型酶标仪 赛默飞世尔科技有限公司;TGL-16 G型离心机 北京鼎昊源科技有限公司;DSC 3+差示扫描量热仪 梅特勒-托利多(METTLER TOLEDO);Sigma300扫描电子显微镜 德国卡尔蔡司股份公司;Thermo Nicolet iS5傅里叶红外变换光谱仪 赛默飞世尔科技有限公司;日本理学Smartlab X射线衍射仪 日本理学公司。
大板红、老树栗和燕山早丰三种板栗均采用人工敲打的方式采集于河北省承德市宽城满族自治县,其中燕山早丰采集于2023年9月12日,大板红和老树栗采集于2023年10月12日。挑选板栗大小均匀、无病虫害和自然损伤的板栗置于−2±0.5 ℃的冰箱里贮藏,控制湿度90%~95%。贮藏后每隔7 d随机选取适量板栗进行后续测定。
参考Liu等[18]的方法并略加修改。板栗去壳、切片后于−20 ℃预冻24 h,经真空冷冻干燥机冻干,研磨机粉碎过80目筛得冻干板栗粉备用。取一定量冻干板栗粉以料液比1:2(w/v)于NaOH溶液(0.2%,w/v)中静置过夜,过200目筛以除去残留物。将滤液以4000×g离心5 min,除去上清液和棕色上层。用蒸馏水反复洗涤沉淀物并离心,直到上清液澄清,继续将沉淀物用无水乙醇洗涤,直至上清液澄清,倾去上清液。将所得沉淀物在40 ℃烘箱中干燥24 h,研磨机粉碎过80目筛得到板栗淀粉。
淀粉含量采用GB 5009.9-2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中淀粉的测定》方法测定;还原糖含量采用GB 5009.7-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中还原糖的测定》方法测定。
采用试剂盒测定直链淀粉含量。
参考Jia等[19]的方法并略加修改。将30 mL淀粉悬浮液(2%,w/v)在80 ℃水浴30 min,并不断搅拌。然后冷却至室温,以4000×g离心15 min。将上清液干燥至恒重后称重。计算溶解度和溶胀力:
$ \mathrm{溶}\mathrm{解}\mathrm{度}(\text{%})=\frac{{\mathrm{W}}_{1}}{{\mathrm{W}}_{0}}\times 100 $
$\rm 溶胀力(g/100\;g)=\frac{{W}_{2}}{{W}_{0}\times (1-溶解度)}\times 100 $
式中:W0:样品干重,g;W1:干燥上清液的质量,g;W2:沉淀物质量,g。
参考Liu等[20]的方法并略加修改。将1.0 g板栗淀粉均匀分散在装有10 mL蒸馏水或玉米油预先称重的离心管,混合物在室温涡旋30 min,4500×g离心10 min,倾去上清液,称重。淀粉的吸水能力(water absorbing capacity,WAC)和吸油能力(oil absorbing capacity,OAC)按以下公式计算。
$\rm WAC(g/g)=\frac{{W}_{2}-{W}_{1}}{{W}_{0}} $
$\rm OAC(g/g)=\frac{{W}_{2}-{W}_{1}}{{W}_{0}} $
式中:W0:样品质量,g,W1:样品和离心管质量,g,W2:沉淀和离心管质量,g。
参考Chandak等[21]的方法。采用差示扫描量热法分析淀粉的热性能。将淀粉样品粉末(3 mg)和一定量去离子水(1:3,w/v)于坩埚中平衡过夜,空坩锅被用作空白。设置温度范围为20~120 ℃,加热速率为10 ℃/min。
参考Wang等[22]的方法并略加修改。取1.0 g猪胰α-淀粉酶充分溶解于10 mL蒸馏水中,在4000×g离心10 min,取上清液备用。将猪胰α-淀粉酶液与淀粉葡萄糖苷酶液按100:1(v/v)的比例进行充分混合。取100 mg淀粉(干基)放入装有4 mL 0.1 mol/L醋酸钠缓冲液(pH5.2)的锥形瓶,向锥形瓶中加入1 mL猪胰α-淀粉酶和淀粉葡萄糖苷酶的混合物并混合均匀。随后将锥形瓶置于37 ℃恒温水浴锅反应。每隔一定时间(20、40、60、80、100、120 min)取0.1 mL反应液与0.9 mL 95%乙醇混合灭酶。水解产物中的葡萄糖释放量用GOPOD法测定。快速消化淀粉(rapidly digestible starch,RDS),缓慢消化淀粉(slowly digestible starch,SDS)和抗性淀粉(resistant starch,RS)含量可通过下式计算得出。
$\rm RDS(\text{%})=({G}_{20}-FG)\times 0.9 $
$\rm SDS(\text{%})=({G}_{120}-{G}_{20})\times 0.9 $
$\rm RS(\text{%})=1-(RDS+SDS)=1-{G}_{120}\times 0.9 $
式中:G20:20 min时的葡萄糖含量,mg/mL;G120:120 min时的葡萄糖含量,mg/mL;FG:游离葡萄糖含量,mg/mL。
参考Chen等[23]的方法并略加修改。用扫描电子显微镜观察样品的形态,放大倍数为1000倍。将淀粉样品均匀固定在导电双面胶带上。涂金后,将样品置于扫描电子显微镜的样品室中进行观察。
参考Ahmed等[24]的方法并略加修改。使用傅立叶红外变换光谱仪测量淀粉样品的短程有序性。淀粉样品与KBr以1:100的比例一起研磨,压成片状进行测量。光谱扫描范围为4000~400 cm−1,扫描次数为32次,分辨率为4 cm−1。
参考Mei等[25]的方法并略加修改。使用X射线衍射测定淀粉样品的晶体结构。使用波长为0.1542 nm的Cu-Kα射线作为X射线源,扫描范围为5°~50°,扫描速度为2°/min。用MDI jade 6软件计算淀粉样品的相对结晶度。
所有试验重复测定三次,用平均值±标准差表示;采用IBM SPSS Statistics 23进行数据分析,采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA)进行Duncan多范围检验(DMRT),以确定平均值之间的显著差异(P<0.05);使用Origin 2021 Pro软件进行绘图。
如图1所示,大板红与燕山早丰板栗的总淀粉含量在贮藏过程中整体呈现先下降后增加的趋势,而老树栗品种则表现为先增加再下降后增加的波动趋势。尽管三种板栗淀粉含量的变化规律存在差异,但在贮藏63 d后,相较于初始值(0 d),三者总淀粉含量均显著下降(P<0.05),总淀粉含量下降6.13%~15.44%。这可能是因为采后板栗为了维持呼吸代谢和生命活动,通过内源性淀粉酶系统催化淀粉水解为可溶性糖,以供能量需求,从而导致淀粉含量下降[26]。大板红、老树栗和燕山早丰的淀粉含量分别在贮藏第42 d、第35 d和第35 d降至最低点,此阶段可能对应于板栗呼吸强度的高峰期,淀粉水解速率加快,导致消耗速率超过合成速度,进而使淀粉含量降至谷值。不同品种间最低点出现时间的差异,可能与其品种特异性的呼吸特性、淀粉酶活性水平及糖代谢途径调控能力有关[27]。
如图2所示,大板红、老树栗和燕山早丰三种板栗在贮藏过程中,还原糖含量均呈现出先上升、后下降、再度上升的波动趋势。贮藏63 d后,与初始值(0 d)相比,三者的还原糖含量均显著增加(P<0.05),表明贮藏期内糖类积累现象普遍存在。这一变化主要与贮藏期间淀粉酶系统活化,催化淀粉降解为小分子糖类物质(如麦芽糖和葡萄糖)密切相关[28],从而导致还原糖水平上升。这一趋势与总淀粉含量的下降相对应,且与Li等[16]的研究结果相符。具体来看,大板红与燕山早丰品种的还原糖含量在贮藏第14 d达到峰值,而老树栗的还原糖含量在第7 d达到最高水平,但与第14 d的含量相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。这一时期还原糖的积累,可能是由于淀粉及其他糖类物质分解速率超过了还原糖消耗速率,使得糖类在短期内呈现净积累状态。不同品种间峰值出现时间的差异,可能与其内源性淀粉酶和转化酶活性水平、呼吸代谢速率及糖类代谢途径的品种特异性调控机制有关[27]。贮藏中后期,还原糖含量的下降与后续回升,可能反映出呼吸消耗与淀粉持续降解过程之间的动态平衡调整。
直链淀粉在决定淀粉的结构特征与理化性质中发挥关键作用[29]。如图3所示,贮藏63 d后,大板红与燕山早丰品种的直链淀粉含量均显著增加(P<0.05),直链淀粉提升5.37%~19.54%,这一趋势与张玉荣等[30]关于贮藏对直链淀粉影响的研究结论一致。贮藏过程中,淀粉酶的活化导致淀粉结构的分解,尤其是对支链淀粉长链部分的优先水解,从而生成较短的支链片段和直链淀粉结构单元[31],这可能解释了大板红和燕山早丰贮藏后直链淀粉含量相对升高的现象。而老树栗的直链淀粉含量在贮藏前后变化不显著(P>0.05)。直链/支链淀粉比值(直/支比)通常被视为评价淀粉基食品糯性和抗性的重要指标,其中直/支比较低时,食品糯性较强;直/支比较高时,抗性增强[32]。本研究中,大板红和燕山早丰品种在贮藏后直/支比显著升高,其变化趋势与直链淀粉含量提升相一致,说明贮藏导致板栗淀粉结构朝着糯性降低、抗性增强方向转化。老树栗的直/支比在贮藏前后无显著差异,与其直链淀粉含量保持稳定的结果相互印证。
淀粉的溶解度与溶胀力不仅反映了淀粉颗粒在加热膨胀过程中直链淀粉的浸出程度和吸水膨胀能力[33],也揭示了淀粉与水分子之间的相互作用强度。溶解度高的淀粉有助于增强制品的粘附性和成膜性。溶胀能力强的淀粉有利于形成致密、柔软的凝胶结构,从而提升板栗制品的糯性与细腻感。如图4所示,贮藏期间,大板红、老树栗和燕山早丰三种板栗淀粉的溶解度均呈现出先上升后下降的变化趋势,而溶胀力则表现为先下降后回升的波动模式。贮藏63 d后,与贮藏前(0 d)相比,大板红和老树栗淀粉的溶解度与溶胀力无显著差异(P>0.05),而燕山早丰淀粉的溶解度显著升高(P<0.05),但其溶胀力却降低。这种现象的形成,可能与淀粉微观结构在贮藏中的动态变化密切相关。一方面,贮藏过程中的酶促水解作用导致支链淀粉部分降解,生成短链直链淀粉片段,这些新生片段与残留支链淀粉之间相互作用,可能诱导出新的双螺旋结构或再结晶,增强了淀粉颗粒的致密性和内部稳定性[34]。这种致密结构抑制了淀粉分子的溶出行为,从而导致溶解度上升受限。另一方面,结晶区的强化以及颗粒表面片层结构的改变,限制了水分进入颗粒内部,削弱了颗粒的膨胀能力[35],尤其在燕山早丰品种中表现突出,导致其溶胀力降低。此外,大板红和老树栗淀粉贮藏后溶解度和溶胀力未显著变化,可能与其淀粉链长分布、直链/支链比例及酶解敏感性存在品种特异性差异,从而对淀粉颗粒的水合作用和膨胀特性产生不同影响[36]。
吸水能力直接影响板栗粉在再加工过程中对水分的保持性能,从而决定产品的持水性、糊化特性及加工适口性;而吸油能力则作为风味载体,对板栗制品的风味丰富度与口感润滑性起到关键作用。如图5所示,贮藏63 d后,大板红、老树栗和燕山早丰三种板栗淀粉的吸水能力均下降,而吸油能力的变化则呈现品种间差异:大板红和老树栗淀粉吸油能力增加,而燕山早丰则下降。吸水能力的下降,可能与贮藏期间淀粉分子结构的重排与直链淀粉含量增加密切相关。直链淀粉呈现较为紧密封闭的螺旋线型结构,这种构象有利于分子内氢键的形成,同时限制水分子进入,从而降低淀粉的总体吸水率[37]。此外,贮藏过程中,大板红在第49 d、老树栗和燕山早丰在第21 d时,其淀粉吸水能力达到较高水平,这可能因为贮藏早期酶促降解作用增强了淀粉颗粒表面亲水位点的暴露,从而暂时提升吸水能力。吸油能力的变化趋势亦显示出复杂性:大板红和老树栗淀粉的吸油能力在贮藏期内总体呈先增加后下降再增加的波动,而燕山早丰则表现为先下降后增加再下降的趋势。这种差异性变化,除与淀粉结构改变有关外,还可能受三种板栗品种中蛋白质、脂肪等非淀粉组分含量及其与淀粉分子的相互作用影响[37]。蛋白质与脂质组分在淀粉颗粒表面或内部的结合状态,可能调节了颗粒对油脂分子的吸附能力,从而导致不同品种在贮藏后的吸油特性出现分化。
淀粉的热力学性质,包括糊化起始温度(To)、峰值温度(Tp)、终止温度(Tc)及糊化焓值(ΔH),共同反映了其晶体结构的稳定性与能量需求特征。To和Tc分别指示淀粉颗粒中微晶区域和完善晶体区域的熔融起止温度,Tp则反映淀粉结构的致密化程度[38];ΔH代表双螺旋结构解离所需能量,亦是淀粉热稳定性的标志[39]。如图6所示,大板红和老树栗淀粉的热特性曲线峰值范围集中于60~70 ℃,糊化峰值温度分别增加了2.38%和2.45%;而燕山早丰淀粉峰值分布在65~75 ℃,燕山早丰糊化温度较高,且糊化焓增加了23.72%,热稳定性较强。贮藏过程中,大板红和老树栗淀粉的出峰位置整体向右偏移,表明糊化温度升高;燕山早丰淀粉则表现为先向左后向右的动态偏移,显示出结构调整的阶段性。由表1数据可见,贮藏63 d后,大板红和老树栗淀粉的To、Tp、Tc及ΔH值均显著上升(P<0.05),而燕山早丰淀粉糊化温度变化幅度较小。燕山早丰淀粉在贮藏前后均表现出较高的糊化温度,进一步说明其晶区排列更紧密。贮藏过程中,支链淀粉部分降解,释放出更多直链片段,这些直链淀粉通过线性排列易于形成双螺旋和晶体结构,从而提升淀粉颗粒的致密性与有序性[31]。结构致密化使糊化时所需能量增加,导致To、Tp、Tc和ΔH同步提升。
根据在人体内的消化速度,淀粉可分为三类:快速消化淀粉,缓慢消化淀粉和抗性淀粉[40]。快消化淀粉在口腔和小肠中迅速消化,导致餐后血糖迅速升高;慢消化淀粉在小肠中以相对较慢的速度被消化,抗性淀粉则能被大肠中的微生物利用,两者对消化系统、血糖指数和糖尿病的控制有积极作用。贮藏63 d后,大板红、老树栗和燕山早丰三种板栗的快消化淀粉含量均显著下降(P<0.05),快消化淀粉含量下降了34.82%~43.44%,说明贮藏过程降低了淀粉的快速消化能力(图7A)。与此同时,大板红和老树栗的慢消化淀粉含量显著上升(P<0.05),而燕山早丰的慢消化淀粉含量变化不显著(P>0.05)。此外,三种板栗淀粉的抗性淀粉含量均显著增加(P<0.05),抗性淀粉增加1.04~3.23倍,表明贮藏使淀粉的抗消化能力普遍提升。一方面,在贮藏条件下,酶促降解作用导致支链淀粉的部分断裂,使直链淀粉比例相对升高。这一直链淀粉的累积促进了淀粉分子的再结晶,形成更为稳定致密的凝胶网络结构,从而减少了酶水解的作用位点,提升了淀粉对消化酶的抗性[41]。另一方面,贮藏过程中,淀粉经历回生现象,通过重结晶过程使无序的淀粉链段向有序双螺旋和晶体结构转变。这一结构重组进一步限制了酶的入侵和作用,显著降低了淀粉的消化速率[42]。因此,贮藏2个月后的板栗淀粉表现出较低的消化速率和较强的抗消化性,有助于延缓淀粉向葡萄糖的转化过程。这一特性对于糖尿病人群、血糖控制需求者及特殊膳食人群而言,更具营养优势和食用价值。
如图8所示,贮藏过程中,大板红、老树栗和燕山早丰三种板栗淀粉的颗粒形态均保持椭圆形、圆形、三角形及不规则形状,颗粒表面依然光滑[43],未见显著性结构变化。这一现象表明,尽管贮藏可能促进了淀粉分子内部结晶结构的调整和重组,但并未对颗粒的宏观形态产生破坏性影响。其原因可能在于,淀粉颗粒的形态主要由半结晶结构中的晶区和无定型区共同维持,贮藏过程中发生的分子链回生与结晶度改变主要局限于晶区内部结构重排,而未达到破坏颗粒整体结构的程度。
如图9所示,吸收峰值在3000~3600 cm−1之间对应于淀粉分子中的O-H拉伸,2800~3000 cm−1处峰对应于C-H键的拉伸。800~1500 cm−1反映葡萄糖单元的骨架振动,400~800 cm−1波长范围的吸收峰主要显示为葡萄糖吡喃糖环的骨架振动[44]。大板红、老树栗和燕山早丰淀粉的傅立叶红外吸收光谱图在贮藏期间的吸收带相似,仅在峰位和峰强度上存在微小差异,说明贮藏期间淀粉颗粒结构没有形成新的官能团,与Gong等[45]的研究结果相似。1047 cm−1处的吸收带与淀粉的结晶区有关,无定形区则通过1022 cm−1的吸收带来反映。因此,1047/1022 cm−1 处的吸光度比值可以用来反映淀粉的短程有序性[46]。在贮藏期间,大板红和老树栗淀粉的短程有序性呈现先增加后下降的趋势,燕山早丰淀粉的短程分子有序性呈现先增加后下降再增加的趋势,但在贮藏后三种板栗淀粉的短程有序性均增加(表2)。这可能是因为在贮藏时,板栗中的淀粉分子会经历回生过程,直链淀粉和部分支链淀粉在低温或适宜水分条件下,重新排列形成有序结构[47]。这一过程导致短程分子有序性增加。
如图10所示,大板红、老树栗和燕山早丰淀粉在贮藏期间呈现相似的衍射峰,均在2θ为15°、17°和23°左右出现特征衍射峰,说明贮藏期间淀粉的晶体类型未发生改变[48]。由表3可知,在贮藏期间,大板红淀粉的相对结晶度呈现先增加后下降的趋势,大板红淀粉结晶度在贮藏初期上升,随后下降,推测初期由于直链淀粉链段在低温贮藏环境下发生回生作用,形成双螺旋并聚集成结晶区,从而提高结晶度;但贮藏后期,随着内源性淀粉酶的持续作用以及支链淀粉长链的降解会导致双螺旋结构的破坏和淀粉结晶度降低,结晶度略有下降[49];老树栗淀粉的相对结晶度呈现不断增加的趋势,可能是由于其直链淀粉比例较高、链长分布较为适中,有利于分子链在贮藏期内不断重组为有序结构,使得结晶区稳步增长[50];燕山早丰淀粉的相对结晶度呈现先增加后下降后增加的趋势,可能与其支链淀粉比例偏高及短链含量较丰富有关,这一结构特征使其在贮藏中易于发生晶区与无定型区的动态转化,受水分变化与酶活性波动影响较大,导致结晶度出现波动[51]。总体来看,贮藏63 d后,大板红与老树栗淀粉结晶度均显著提高,表明贮藏促进了分子链的有序重组和结晶结构增强;而燕山早丰淀粉结晶度虽经历波动,但整体变化无显著性,与热特性结果一致,表明其分子结构具有较强稳定性。
为进一步揭示不同板栗淀粉在贮藏过程中的性质演变,本研究采用主成分分析(PCA)对三种板栗淀粉贮藏品质的各项指标进行综合量化与可视化分析[52],并绘制了PCA得分图(图11)和主成分载荷矩阵(表4)。如图11所示,前两个主成分(PC1和PC2)的累计贡献率为55.2%,表明这两个主成分能够解释原始数据中超过一半的信息变异度,具备较强的代表性。根据载荷矩阵结果(表4),在16个分析指标中,还原糖含量、起始糊化温度(To)和糊化焓变(ΔH)在PC1轴上具有较高的正载荷,提示PC1主要反映了与淀粉糊化特性和还原糖积累相关的综合特征;而峰值糊化温度(Tp)和终止糊化温度(Tc)在PC2轴上负载较高,说明PC2主要关联于淀粉热性质的变化模式。从PCA得分图(图11)来看,大板红和老树栗两种淀粉样品在贮藏期间的各指标分布较为接近,呈现出较强的聚类趋势,说明它们在贮藏过程中淀粉性质变化轨迹相似。相较之下,燕山早丰淀粉样品与上述两者在得分图中的分布位置存在明显偏离,反映出该品种在贮藏期间的淀粉品质特性与其他品种存在一定差异。这一结果提示,大板红与老树栗在贮藏适应性和淀粉品质稳定性方面较为一致,而燕山早丰表现出品种特异性变化规律。
本研究探究了大板红、老树栗和燕山早丰三种板栗在−2 ℃贮藏条件下淀粉理化性质及结构特征的变化。结果显示,三种板栗贮藏期间还原糖、直链淀粉、抗性淀粉含量及糊化焓值上升,而总淀粉和快消化淀粉含量下降,呈现出一定的共性规律。贮藏63 d后,三类板栗淀粉的总淀粉含量减少6.13%~15.44%,快速消化淀粉降低34.82%~43.44%;同时直链淀粉比例提高5.37%~19.54%,抗性淀粉增加1.04~3.23倍。热特性方面,大板红与老树栗的糊化峰温分别上升2.38% 和2.45%;燕山早丰的糊化温度相对更高,且糊化焓提高23.72%,表明其热稳定性更好。结构层面,三种板栗淀粉颗粒形态相似,在短期贮藏期间无显著性变化;短程分子有序性和相对结晶度在贮藏后均增加,反映了淀粉再结晶现象,但提升幅度存在品种间差异:大板红和老树栗的结晶度提升更为显著,而燕山早丰淀粉结晶区的有序化水平变化相对平稳。功能特性上,三种板栗的还原糖含量在贮藏第14 d左右达到峰值,甜度较高,适宜加工栗子酱、即食板栗仁等甜型产品;而贮藏至63 d时抗性淀粉含量显著上升,适用于开发低GI、高纤维功能食品。品种间异同对加工应用具有指导意义:大板红表现出较高的直链淀粉积累、结晶度提升和糊化温度上升,利于开发耐热型栗粉制品;老树栗贮藏后吸油能力提升,结晶区扩张,适合制备风味丰富、质地细腻的烘焙产品;燕山早丰则以颗粒结构致密、热稳定性强和结晶结构稳定为特点,可用作高稳定性淀粉原料应用于功能食品体系中。本研究为板栗采后适宜加工时间的筛选提供了科学依据,并为开发高品质、高营养价值的板栗及淀粉基产品提供了关键数据支撑,兼具理论与实用价值。然而,贮藏过程中的酶活性动态及非淀粉成分(如多酚、蛋白)对结构与品质的调控作用亦有待深入探讨。

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2026年第47卷第4期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030053
  • 接收时间:2025-03-07
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-07
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    1河北农业大学食品科技学院,河北保定 071000
    2承德神栗食品股份有限公司,河北承德 067600

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王向红(1973−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品安全与品质,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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