Article(id=1320889937457697130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320889471592149951, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120406, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735747200000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854302038, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854302038, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854302038, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854302038, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320889471592149951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771084800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854190967, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854190967, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=271, endPage=281, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889938925703531, articleId=1320889937457697130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Extraction and Purification of Polysaccharides from Calyx of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino and Its Effect on the Inhibition of Glucose Metabolic Enzymes, columnId=1261343843090313538, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Processing Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, exploring the physicochemical properties and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharides from calyx of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino. Based on the single factor experiment, the best extraction process of PACP was optimized by response surface. The polysaccharide was purified by DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The free radical scavenging ability of the purified polysaccharides was determined in vitro. The polysaccharides with the best scavenging ability were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The structure of the polysaccharide was preliminarily characterized by ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), triple helix structure analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and to evaluate its hypoglycemic activity in vitro. Results showed that the optimum extraction conditions of PACP were extraction temperature 90 ℃, liquid-solid ratio 36:1 mL/g and extraction time 2.2 h. Under these conditions, the yield was 4.47%±0.13%. In vitro antioxidant experiments revealed that PACP-1a had a strong effect on DPPH and ABTS+, with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) were 0.26 mg/mL and 0.31 mg/mL, respectively. PACP-1a was a β-pyranose with a molecular weight of 109443 Da and a triple helix structure. The contents of sugar, protein and uronic acid in PACP-1a were 88.82%, 1.29% and 28.77%, respectively. PACP-1a consisted of mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and xylose with the molar ratio of 0.112:0.025:0.054:0.122:0.054:0.102. PACP-1a had a good hypoglycemic activity, with the IC50 values of PACP-1a on α-amylase and α-glucosidase were 3.42 mg/mL and 3.11 mg/mL, respectively. This study provides a theoretical basis for the industrial preparation of polysaccharides from calyx of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino and its development and application in the field of functional food.

, authors=Yushuang LIU, Wei LIU, Jia GAO, Rui HONG, Qi YUAN, Shaofei TENG, Chenchen SUN, Yang TENG*, authorsList=Yushuang LIU, Wei LIU, Jia GAO, Rui HONG, Qi YUAN, Shaofei TENG, Chenchen SUN, Yang TENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yang TENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889941224182146, articleId=1320889937457697130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=锦灯笼宿萼多糖的提取纯化及对糖代谢酶的抑制活性, columnId=1261343845481066826, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=工艺技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究提取纯化锦灯笼宿萼中的多糖(polysaccharides from calyx of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino,PACP)成分,探究其理化性质及降糖活性。在单因素实验的基础上,通过响应面试验优化PACP的最佳提取工艺,经DEAE-52和Sephadex G-100柱层析进行纯化。采用体外抗氧化实验测定纯化多糖对DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基的清除能力,并将清除能力最好的多糖进行定性和定量分析,利用紫外光谱(Ultraviolet Spectroscopy,UV)、高效凝胶渗透色谱(High Performance Gel Permeation Chromatography,HPGPC)、高效液相色谱(High Performance Liquid Chromatography,HPLC)、傅里叶红外光谱(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy,FT-IR)、三螺旋结构分析和扫描电镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)对多糖结构进行初步表征,并考察其体外降血糖活性。结果表明,PACP的最佳提取工艺为提取温度90 ℃,液料比36:1 mL/g,提取时间2.2 h,在此条件下的得率为4.47%±0.13%。体外抗氧化实验表明,纯化多糖PACP-1a对DPPH和ABTS+自由基清除能力较强,其半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为0.26和0.31 mg/mL。PACP-1a是一种分子量为109443 Da含有三螺旋结构的β型吡喃糖,其糖含量为88.82%,蛋白质含量为1.29%,糖醛酸含量为28.77%。单糖组成及摩尔比为甘露糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖和木糖组成=0.112:0.025:0.054:0.122:0.054:0.102。PACP-1a对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶IC50值分别为3.42和3.11 mg/mL,表现出良好的降血糖活性,为锦灯笼宿萼多糖的工业制备及其在功能性食品领域的开发与应用提供理论依据。

, authors=刘玉双, 刘伟, 高佳, 洪瑞, 袁琪, 滕少菲, 孙晨晨, 滕杨*, authorsList=刘玉双, 刘伟, 高佳, 洪瑞, 袁琪, 滕少菲, 孙晨晨, 滕杨, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=滕杨, authorNote=

刘玉双(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:天然植物化学成分提取、分离及活性研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
滕杨(1982−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:天然植物化学成分分析及活性研究,E-mail:。
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刘玉双(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:天然植物化学成分提取、分离及活性研究,E-mail:

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刘玉双(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:天然植物化学成分提取、分离及活性研究,E-mail:

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Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(9): 352−362.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320889959167414812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889937457697130, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=50, rfOrder=69, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CAI S, ZHONG C, LI M Z, et al. Isolation, purification, and in vitro hypoglycemic activity of Pumpkin Seed polysaccharides[J]. 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J Biochem Mol Toxicol, 2023, 37(4): e23296., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320889941475840387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889937457697130, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889941484228996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889937457697130, companyId=1320889941475840387, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889941492617605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889937457697130, companyId=1320889941475840387, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=佳木斯大学药学院,黑龙江佳木斯 154007)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320889946051826104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889937457697130, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Extraction efficiency of PACP with different single factor conditions, figureFileSmall=XNNGyeB7ik/rphTWBRBtIQ==, figureFileBig=PyCAl/N+rdm1ibJDXH6vIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889947725353403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889937457697130, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同单因素条件下的PACP的提取效果

注:图中不同小写字母(a~e)表示不同处理组之间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=XNNGyeB7ik/rphTWBRBtIQ==, figureFileBig=PyCAl/N+rdm1ibJDXH6vIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889947926679997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889937457697130, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Response surface of the interaction on extraction of PACP, figureFileSmall=+E/aBNgCdqUk24DgQgBH8g==, figureFileBig=nUV9Im3bl/wvDQ6lhqVw6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889948006371774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889937457697130, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各因素交互作用对PACP得率影响的响应面图, figureFileSmall=+E/aBNgCdqUk24DgQgBH8g==, figureFileBig=nUV9Im3bl/wvDQ6lhqVw6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889948073480639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889937457697130, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Elution curves DEAE-52(a) and SephadexG-100 (b~f) column chromatography, figureFileSmall=gSxTwJcvTfDpY4+WBpU+Lg==, figureFileBig=X3k7I0jWsf5xBNT7fa93NA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889948144783808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889937457697130, language=CN, label=图3, caption=DEAE-52(a)和SephadexG-100(b~f)柱层析洗脱曲线

注:(a) PACP0为蒸馏水洗脱;PACP1为0.1 mol/L NaCl洗脱;PACP2为0.2 mol/L NaCl洗脱;PACP3为0.3 mol/L NaCl洗脱;PACP4为0.4 mol/L NaCl洗脱;(b)为PACP-0a和PACP-0b洗脱曲线;(c)为PACP-1a洗脱曲线;(d)为PACP-2a洗脱曲线;(e)为PACP-3a洗脱曲线;(f)为PACP-4a洗脱曲线。

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注:1.甘露糖;2.鼠李糖;3.葡萄糖醛酸;4.半乳糖醛酸;5.葡萄糖;6.半乳糖;7.木糖;8.阿拉伯糖;9.岩藻糖。

, figureFileSmall=NQbIyQXsuwX6ZphcQXpNSg==, figureFileBig=f/KxUcUmO7Le7/rQDu/XsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889948891369929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889937457697130, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Infrared spectra of PACP-1a, figureFileSmall=j1JxNlXZi68OVYkKIzjyJQ==, figureFileBig=YBe7g1J/RJuQhc6DAGtllA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889948992033226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889937457697130, language=CN, label=图8, caption=PACP-1a的红外光谱图, figureFileSmall=j1JxNlXZi68OVYkKIzjyJQ==, figureFileBig=YBe7g1J/RJuQhc6DAGtllA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889949067530699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889937457697130, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Maximum absorption wavelength of mixed solution, figureFileSmall=oCrmlnPQeqXkq8mXxBBLig==, figureFileBig=iiLYM/CBtVJTu6qF5bLHIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889949147222476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889937457697130, language=CN, label=图9, caption=混合溶液最大吸收波长, figureFileSmall=oCrmlnPQeqXkq8mXxBBLig==, figureFileBig=iiLYM/CBtVJTu6qF5bLHIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889949239497165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889937457697130, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Scanning electron microscopy of PACP-1a, figureFileSmall=qLi5bSS8BxNF2/HegrOPCw==, figureFileBig=W4zxt432b3oCOg6iOA9yWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889949314994638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889937457697130, language=CN, label=图10, caption=PACP-1a的扫描电镜图

注:(a)200倍;(b)500倍;(c)1000倍。

, figureFileSmall=qLi5bSS8BxNF2/HegrOPCw==, figureFileBig=W4zxt432b3oCOg6iOA9yWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889949398880719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889937457697130, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Inhibition of α-amylase (A) and α-glucosidase (B) by PACP-1a, figureFileSmall=749dPWw0YwE+EhCsFFY/bQ==, figureFileBig=wtaPURaxwGCBHoFNkcWHVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889949474378192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889937457697130, language=CN, label=图11, caption=PACP-1a对α-淀粉酶(A)和α-葡萄糖苷酶(B)的抑制作用, figureFileSmall=749dPWw0YwE+EhCsFFY/bQ==, figureFileBig=wtaPURaxwGCBHoFNkcWHVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889949554069969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889937457697130, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Response surface experimental design factors and levels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素水平
−101
A提取温度(℃)8090100
B液料比(mL/g)25:135:145:1
C提取时间(h)1.52.02.5
), ArticleFig(id=1320889949625373138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889937457697130, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

响应面试验设计因素和水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素水平
−101
A提取温度(℃)8090100
B液料比(mL/g)25:135:145:1
C提取时间(h)1.52.02.5
), ArticleFig(id=1320889949721842131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889937457697130, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Experimental design and results of response surface analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验号因素多糖得率(%)
ABC
101−13.34
21103.01
31−102.52
4−1−102.62
50004.52
60004.35
710−13.37
8−10−12.65
90113.73
101013.32
110004.48
12−1103.12
130−1−12.40
14−1013.68
150004.39
160−113.54
170004.46
), ArticleFig(id=1320889949805728212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889937457697130, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

响应面设计方案及结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验号因素多糖得率(%)
ABC
101−13.34
21103.01
31−102.52
4−1−102.62
50004.52
60004.35
710−13.37
8−10−12.65
90113.73
101013.32
110004.48
12−1103.12
130−1−12.40
14−1013.68
150004.39
160−113.54
170004.46
), ArticleFig(id=1320889949893808597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889937457697130, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of response surface experiment variance analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源平方和自由度均方F值P值显著性
模型8.5590.9566.59<0.0001**
A-提取温度2.81×10−312.81×10−30.20.6705
B-液料比0.5610.5639.380.0004**
C-提取时间0.7910.7955.190.0001**
AB2.5×10−512.5×10−51.75×10−30.9678
AC0.2910.2920.440.0027**
BC0.1410.149.860.0164*
A22.7612.76193.62<0.0001**
B22.7812.78194.82<0.0001**
C20.5910.5941.50.0004**
残差0.170.014
失拟项0.08130.0275.680.0634
纯误差0.01944.75×10−3
总变异8.6516
), ArticleFig(id=1320889949990277590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889937457697130, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

响应面试验结果方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源平方和自由度均方F值P值显著性
模型8.5590.9566.59<0.0001**
A-提取温度2.81×10−312.81×10−30.20.6705
B-液料比0.5610.5639.380.0004**
C-提取时间0.7910.7955.190.0001**
AB2.5×10−512.5×10−51.75×10−30.9678
AC0.2910.2920.440.0027**
BC0.1410.149.860.0164*
A22.7612.76193.62<0.0001**
B22.7812.78194.82<0.0001**
C20.5910.5941.50.0004**
残差0.170.014
失拟项0.08130.0275.680.0634
纯误差0.01944.75×10−3
总变异8.6516
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锦灯笼宿萼多糖的提取纯化及对糖代谢酶的抑制活性
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刘玉双 , 刘伟 , 高佳 , 洪瑞 , 袁琪 , 滕少菲 , 孙晨晨 , 滕杨 *
食品工业科技 | 工艺技术 2026,47(4): 271-281
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食品工业科技 |工艺技术 2026 , 47 (4) : 271 -281
锦灯笼宿萼多糖的提取纯化及对糖代谢酶的抑制活性
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刘玉双 , 刘伟, 高佳, 洪瑞, 袁琪, 滕少菲, 孙晨晨, 滕杨*
作者信息
  • 佳木斯大学药学院,黑龙江佳木斯 154007
通讯作者:
滕杨(1982−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:天然植物化学成分分析及活性研究,E-mail:。
作者简介:

刘玉双(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:天然植物化学成分提取、分离及活性研究,E-mail:

Extraction and Purification of Polysaccharides from Calyx of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino and Its Effect on the Inhibition of Glucose Metabolic Enzymes
Yushuang LIU , Wei LIU, Jia GAO, Rui HONG, Qi YUAN, Shaofei TENG, Chenchen SUN, Yang TENG*
Affiliations
  • College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
出版时间: 2026-02-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120406
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本研究提取纯化锦灯笼宿萼中的多糖(polysaccharides from calyx of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino,PACP)成分,探究其理化性质及降糖活性。在单因素实验的基础上,通过响应面试验优化PACP的最佳提取工艺,经DEAE-52和Sephadex G-100柱层析进行纯化。采用体外抗氧化实验测定纯化多糖对DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基的清除能力,并将清除能力最好的多糖进行定性和定量分析,利用紫外光谱(Ultraviolet Spectroscopy,UV)、高效凝胶渗透色谱(High Performance Gel Permeation Chromatography,HPGPC)、高效液相色谱(High Performance Liquid Chromatography,HPLC)、傅里叶红外光谱(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy,FT-IR)、三螺旋结构分析和扫描电镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)对多糖结构进行初步表征,并考察其体外降血糖活性。结果表明,PACP的最佳提取工艺为提取温度90 ℃,液料比36:1 mL/g,提取时间2.2 h,在此条件下的得率为4.47%±0.13%。体外抗氧化实验表明,纯化多糖PACP-1a对DPPH和ABTS+自由基清除能力较强,其半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为0.26和0.31 mg/mL。PACP-1a是一种分子量为109443 Da含有三螺旋结构的β型吡喃糖,其糖含量为88.82%,蛋白质含量为1.29%,糖醛酸含量为28.77%。单糖组成及摩尔比为甘露糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖和木糖组成=0.112:0.025:0.054:0.122:0.054:0.102。PACP-1a对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶IC50值分别为3.42和3.11 mg/mL,表现出良好的降血糖活性,为锦灯笼宿萼多糖的工业制备及其在功能性食品领域的开发与应用提供理论依据。

锦灯笼宿萼  /  多糖  /  提取纯化  /  结构表征  /  降血糖

In this study, exploring the physicochemical properties and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharides from calyx of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino. Based on the single factor experiment, the best extraction process of PACP was optimized by response surface. The polysaccharide was purified by DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The free radical scavenging ability of the purified polysaccharides was determined in vitro. The polysaccharides with the best scavenging ability were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The structure of the polysaccharide was preliminarily characterized by ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), triple helix structure analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and to evaluate its hypoglycemic activity in vitro. Results showed that the optimum extraction conditions of PACP were extraction temperature 90 ℃, liquid-solid ratio 36:1 mL/g and extraction time 2.2 h. Under these conditions, the yield was 4.47%±0.13%. In vitro antioxidant experiments revealed that PACP-1a had a strong effect on DPPH and ABTS+, with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) were 0.26 mg/mL and 0.31 mg/mL, respectively. PACP-1a was a β-pyranose with a molecular weight of 109443 Da and a triple helix structure. The contents of sugar, protein and uronic acid in PACP-1a were 88.82%, 1.29% and 28.77%, respectively. PACP-1a consisted of mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and xylose with the molar ratio of 0.112:0.025:0.054:0.122:0.054:0.102. PACP-1a had a good hypoglycemic activity, with the IC50 values of PACP-1a on α-amylase and α-glucosidase were 3.42 mg/mL and 3.11 mg/mL, respectively. This study provides a theoretical basis for the industrial preparation of polysaccharides from calyx of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino and its development and application in the field of functional food.

calyx of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino  /  polysaccharide  /  extraction and purification  /  structure characterization  /  hypoglycemic
刘玉双, 刘伟, 高佳, 洪瑞, 袁琪, 滕少菲, 孙晨晨, 滕杨. 锦灯笼宿萼多糖的提取纯化及对糖代谢酶的抑制活性. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (4) : 271 -281 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120406
Yushuang LIU, Wei LIU, Jia GAO, Rui HONG, Qi YUAN, Shaofei TENG, Chenchen SUN, Yang TENG. Extraction and Purification of Polysaccharides from Calyx of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino and Its Effect on the Inhibition of Glucose Metabolic Enzymes[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (4) : 271 -281 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120406
锦灯笼(Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii)又名酸浆、挂金灯,为茄科植物酸浆的干燥宿萼或带果实的宿萼,主要应用于食品和药品当中,其果实部位可作为水果进行食用,宿萼部位可当茶饮用,有着“草本水果”之称,并且广泛分布于中国的东北、朝鲜和日本等地区[1−2]。其主要含有黄酮类、甾体类、多糖、生物碱和苯丙素类等化学成分,并具有降血糖、抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌、抗肿瘤和免疫调节等生物活性[3−5]。
多糖作为锦灯笼宿萼的主要化学成分之一,不仅具有多种生物活性且对机体几乎无毒副作用[6],近年来已成为研究热门课题,而其不同的生物活性还与自身分子量、单糖组成及分子结构密切相关[7−8]。陶硕[9]通过水提醇沉法在锦灯笼宿萼中提取分离得到16、71、77和299 kDa四种不同分子量的均一多糖,并且发现分子量为77 kDa,含有较高糖醛酸和三螺旋结构的多糖具有很好的抗炎效果。Guo等[10]在锦灯笼宿萼中分离出的多糖通过口服给药可以对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠起到治疗的作用。但是不同产地的锦灯笼宿萼所含多糖类化合物含量、结构及活性也有较大差异[11−12]。锦灯笼作为黑龙江省道地药材,民间药用历史悠久,蕴藏丰富、品质良好、性质稳定,引起了食品研究领域专家的广泛关注,尤其多糖类化合物的制备及活性已成为研究热点。
因此,本研究以黑龙江省佳木斯市(130°E,46°N)寒地产锦灯笼宿萼为原料,在单因素实验结果的基础上,通过响应面试验优化得到水提醇沉法制备锦灯笼宿萼多糖的最佳工艺条件;采用柱层析分离技术(DEAE-52纤维素和SephadexG-100)对宿萼多糖进行分离纯化;采用光谱、色谱手段结合化学方法对宿萼多糖的进行结构表征和含量测定;利用体外实验筛选抗氧化活性,考察抗氧化能力较强的均一多糖进行α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性,为其在食品工业及保健医疗领域的开发应用提供数据参考。
锦灯笼 采集自黑龙江省佳木斯市,经佳木斯大学药学院杜鹃教授鉴定为酸浆属茄科植物锦灯笼(Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii);无水乙醇 辽宁泉瑞试剂有限公司;苯酚 天津盛通泰化工有限公司;葡萄糖、半乳糖醛酸 国药集团化学试剂有限公司;牛血清白蛋白 合肥市千盛生物科技有限公司;二乙氨基乙基纤维素-52型层析柱(DEAE-52)、葡聚糖凝胶G-100(Sephadex G-100) 北京索莱宝生物科技有限公司;木瓜蛋白酶(800 U/mg)、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、α-淀粉酶(500 U/mg)、α-葡萄糖苷酶(50 U/mg) 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;2,2’-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸(ABTS) 上海迈瑞尔生化科技有限公司;抗坏血酸(VC) 天津市华盛化学试剂有限公司;过硫酸钾 上海易恩化学技术有限公司;以上试剂均为分析纯。
BSA224S-CW电子天平 江苏迅迪仪器科技有限公司;RE-2000A型旋转蒸发仪 上海亚荣生化仪器厂;JIDI-21D台式高速离心机 广州吉迪仪器有限公司;752N紫外可见分光光度计 上海仪电分析仪器有限公司;BS-160A自动部分收集器 上海嘉鹏科技有限公司;FD-1C-50冷冻干燥机 上海继谱电子科技有限公司;DZF-6020真空干燥箱 上海博讯实业有限公司;ACQUITY液相色谱仪 上海硅仪生化科技有限公司;IR RESTIGE-21傅里叶红外光谱仪 天津恒创立达科技发展有限公司。
将干燥的锦灯笼宿萼粉碎,石油醚中回流提取5次除去脂溶性小分子化合物即脱脂。再热水回流提取重复3次,合并滤液,旋转蒸发仪中浓缩,加入无水乙醇至提取液终浓度达到75%,4 ℃下醇沉24 h。离心去上清液,冷冻干燥,得到锦灯笼宿萼粗多糖(PACP)。多糖的得率根据以下公式计算:
$\rm \text{W}(\text{%}) =\frac{{\text{M}}_{\text{1}}}{{\text{M}}_{\text{0}}}\times 100 $
式中:W为粗多糖得率,%;M1为锦灯笼宿萼多糖质量,g;M0为锦灯笼宿萼质量,g。
准确称取脱脂处理后的锦灯笼宿萼10 g,分别研究提取温度(60、70、80、90、100 ℃)、液料比(15:1、25:1、35:1、45:1、55:1 mL/g)和提取时间(1、1.5、2、2.5、3 h)三个因素五个水平对多糖得率影响[13−15]。在考察某一因素时,其他基础条件为固定提取温度90 ℃、液料比35:1 mL/g和提取时间2 h,重复3次,计算多糖得率。
在单因素实验结果的基础上,基于Box-Behnken试验设计原理,按照下列响应面试验设计因素与水平,见表1,以PACP得率为响应值,使用Design-Expert 8.0.6软件分析处理相关数据,以此获得PACP的最佳提取工艺条件。
通过酶-Sevage法联用除去PACP中的蛋白,首先将PACP配制成浓度为20 mg/mL的多糖溶液,加入木瓜蛋白酶,加酶量为2400 U/g多糖,54 ℃下酶解1.7 h,除去与多糖结合的蛋白质,继续用Sevage法(氯仿:正丁醇=4:1,v/v)除去游离的蛋白质;通过D101大孔树脂静态吸附4 h重复3次,过滤合并滤液,完成粗多糖除色素[16]。再通过DEAE-52柱层析进行分离纯化,精确称量1.00 g PACP,配制成5 mg/mL的多糖水溶液,3000 r/min离心10 min。将多糖上清液加入DEAE-52层析柱中,依次用0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5 mol/L的NaCl溶液洗脱,控制洗脱流速为5 mL/min,每管2 min[17],苯酚硫酸法隔管检测多糖含量,绘制洗脱曲线,收集合并多糖主峰部分洗脱液,透析除盐后减压浓缩,冷冻干燥;再将得到的组分配制成5 mg/mL的多糖水溶液,0.22 μm滤膜过滤,加入到Sephadex G-100层析柱中,以蒸馏水为流动相进行洗脱,控制洗脱流速为0.5 mL/min,每管10 min[18],同上苯酚硫酸法逐管检测多糖含量,得到纯化多糖组分。
取PACP-1a多糖样品溶液1 mL(0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6、3.2、6.4 mg/mL),加入1 mL用无水乙醇溶液配制的 0.2 mmol/L DPPH溶液,摇匀,室温避光放置30 min,于517 nm处测吸光度,每个样品平行测定3次[19]。以VC作为阳性对照,DPPH自由基清除率计算公式如下:
$\rm \text{D}PPH自由基清除率(\text{%}) =\left(1-\frac{{A}_{2}-{A}_{1}}{{A}_{0}}\right)\times 100 $
式中:A0为无水乙醇溶液+DPPH溶液的吸光度;A1为无水乙醇溶液+样品溶液的吸光度;A2为样品溶液+DPPH溶液的吸光度。
ABTS+自由基溶液配制:7 mmol/L ABTS溶液与2.45 mmol/L 过硫酸钾溶液等体积混合,避光反应16 h,蒸馏水调至吸光度为0.7±0.02之间(734 nm)。取1.2.5.1项下多糖样品溶液1 mL,加入1 mL ABTS+自由基溶液,摇匀,室温避光放置1 h后,于734 nm处测吸光度,每个样品平行测定3次[20]。以VC作为阳性对照,ABTS+自由基的清除率计算公式如下:
$\rm {\text{ABTS}}^+自由基清除率(\text{%}) =\left(1-\frac{{A}_{2}-{A}_{1}}{{A}_{0}}\right)\times 100 $
式中:A0为蒸馏水+ABTS+自由基溶液的吸光度;A1为样品溶液+过硫酸钾溶液的吸光度;A2为样品溶液+ABTS+自由基溶液的吸光度。
采用苯酚-硫酸法测定PACP-1a的多糖含量[21]。取葡萄糖标准品溶液(0、0.02、0.04、0.06、0.08、0.1 mg/mL)绘制标准曲线,得到的回归方程为y=6.679x−0.021, R2=0.9994。将PACP样品配制成0.1 mg/mL的溶液,移取1 mL待测溶液置于试管中,加入0.5 mL 6%苯酚和2.5 mL浓硫酸溶液,在490 nm波长处测定其吸光度,根据葡萄糖标准曲线计算糖含量。
采用考马斯亮蓝法测定PACP-1a的蛋白质含量[22]。取牛血清白蛋白标准品溶液(0、0.02、0.04、0.06、0.08、0.1 mg/mL)绘制标准曲线,得到的回归方程为y=6.2105x+0.1325,R2=0.9992。将PACP样品配制成0.1 mg/mL的溶液,移取1 mL待测溶液置于试管中,加入5 mL考马斯亮蓝溶液反应10 min,在595 nm波长处测定其吸光度,根据牛血清白蛋白标准曲线计算蛋白质含量。
采用硫酸-咔唑法测定PACP-1a中的糖醛酸含量[23]。取半乳糖醛酸标准品溶液(0、0.02、0.04、0.06、0.08、0.1 mg/mL)绘制标准曲线,得到的回归方程为y=0.5483x+0.1064,R2=0.9989。将PACP样品配制成0.1 mg/mL的溶液,移取1 mL待测溶液置于试管中,加入1.2 mL硫酸-硼砂溶液,置于沸水浴中煮沸5 min,再分别加入0.1%的咔唑-无水乙醇溶液0.04 mL,摇匀后在沸水浴中煮沸10 min,在523 nm波长处测定其吸光度,根据半乳糖醛酸标准曲线计算糖醛酸含量。
将PACP-1a配制成浓度为1 mg/mL的多糖溶液,在200~800 nm范围内进行紫外全波长扫描,检测PACP-1a中的核酸和蛋白质[24]。
采用HPGPC测定PACP-1a的纯度和分子量[25]。用超纯水配制成浓度为2 mg/mL的多糖溶液,8000 r/min离心10 min,过0.22 μm微孔滤膜,使用HPGPC串联柱进行检测。色谱条件:流动相:0.05 mol/L NaCl溶液,进样量:20 μL,流速:0.6 mL/min,柱温:40 ℃,检测器:示差折光检测器。根据不同分子量的右旋糖酐(5000、8000、20000、50000、90000、350000 Da)为标准品绘制标准曲线(lgMw=−0.7902x+14.911,R2=0.9952),计算PACP-1a的分子量。
采用PMP衍生化HPLC分析法进行PACP-1a的单糖组成分析[26]。称取多糖组分5 mg,加入2 mL浓度为2 mol/L的三氟乙酸(TFA),110 ℃下水解4 h,冷却后加入甲醇,减压蒸馏除去剩余的TFA,加入双蒸水500 μL,备用。取200 μL经过完全酸水解后得到的多糖产物,加入PMP试剂和0.3 mol/L NaOH各200 μL,置于70 ℃水浴中反应1 h,取出冷却至室温。加入0.3 mol/L HCl溶液200 μL中和,混匀后再加入等体积的氯仿,充分振荡混匀后,离心,取上层,重复操作4次,取上清液过0.22 μm微孔滤膜,供HPLC进样分析。标准品采用甘露糖(Man)、鼠李糖(Rha)、葡萄糖醛酸(GlcA)、半乳糖醛酸(GalA)、葡萄糖(Glu)、半乳糖(Gal)、木糖(Xyl)、阿拉伯糖(Ara)和岩藻糖(Fuc)九种单糖配制成标准品溶液。
色谱条件:色谱柱:ACQUITY UPLCTM HSS T3(100 mm×2.1 mm i.d.,1.8 μm);流动相0.05 mol/L磷酸盐溶液:乙腈=83:17;流速:1.0 mL/min;柱温40 ℃;检测波长:250 nm;进样量:10 μL。
取干燥后的PACP-1a组分2 mg,加入少量干燥的KBr粉末,在研钵中充分研磨,经压片机压成薄片,用红外光谱仪在4000~500 cm−1波长范围内进行扫描。
将PACP-1a样品配制成浓度为1 mg/mL的多糖溶液,加入等体积刚果红(80 μmol/L)混匀。然后加入NaOH溶液,得到终浓度为0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5 mol/L的NaOH溶液,反应30 min。通过紫外分光光度计测定样品溶液在400~600 nm范围内的最大吸收波长[27]。
将PACP-1a样品粉末附着在含有双面胶的导电碳膜上进行喷金处理。在2 kV加速电压下,用扫描电镜观察200、500和1000倍下PACP-1a样品的微观形貌。
将PACP-1a配制浓度梯度为6.4、3.2、1.6、0.8、0.4、0.2、0.1 mg/mL的样品溶液,备用。设定三组实验分别为样品组、空白组和对照组,样品组加入1 mL α-淀粉酶和0.5 mL样品溶液,空白组加入0.5 mL PBS和1 mL α-淀粉酶,对照组加入1 mL PBS和0.5 mL样品溶液,在25 ℃孵育10 min,加入0.5 mL 1%淀粉溶液25 ℃孵育10 min,再加入1 mL水杨酸(DNS)沸水浴10 min,在540 nm处测定吸光度[28]。以阿卡波糖为阳性对照,计算α-淀粉酶的抑制率公式如下:
$\rm \alpha \text{-}淀粉酶抑制率(\text{%})=\left(1-\frac{{A}_{2}-{A}_{1}}{{A}_{0}}\right)\times 100 $
式中:A0为空白组的吸光度;A1为对照组的吸光度;A2为样品组的吸光度。
同1.2.13.1项下制备样品溶液,备用。设定三组实验分别为样品组、空白组和对照组,样品组加入0.8 mL PBS、0.2 mL α-葡萄糖苷酶和0.1 mL样品溶液,空白组加入0.9 mL PBS和0.2 mL α-葡萄糖苷酶,对照组加入1 mL PBS和0.1 mL样品溶液,在37 ℃孵育10 min,然后加入0.5 mL对硝基苯酚-α-D-葡萄糖苷(pNPG)溶液37 ℃孵育10 min,然后再加入1 mL Na2CO3沸水浴10 min,在波长405 nm处测定吸光度[29]。以阿卡波糖为阳性对照,计算α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率如下:
$\rm \alpha \text{-}葡萄糖苷酶(\text{%})=\left(1-\frac{{A}_{2}-{A}_{1}}{{A}_{0}}\right)\times 100 $
式中:A0为空白组的吸光度;A1为对照组的吸光度;A2样品组的吸光度。
每组数据进行3次平行试验,实验结果以平均值±标准差表示。利用Design-Expert 8.0.6软件进行实验设计,采用方差分析(ANOVA)对数据进行显著性分析,P<0.05表示组间差异显著,P<0.01表示组间差异极显著,并采用Origin 2021软件进行数据处理和图片绘制。
由图1A知,随着提取温度的升高,PACP的得率也不断升高,在90 ℃时得率最高,而继续升高温度其得率开始下降。说明适当升高温度有利于PACP的提取,但温度过高会使多糖发生降解,内部结构被破坏,降低多糖得率[30]。所以,继续提升温度会降低PACP的得率,选取温度80、90、100 ℃进行响应面试验。
由图1B可知,PACP的得率在液料比为15:1~35:1 mL/g之间处于上升趋势,这是由于溶剂用量的增加从而增加固液接触面积和质量浓度差,有利于扩散速度的提高。而液料比超过35:1 mL/g时多糖得率降低,可能是多糖成分已被充分提取,溶出达到平衡,继续增大液料比使非多糖类成分溶出,反而使多糖浓度下降,还增加后期浓缩工作量,多糖损失量也随之增加,导致多糖得率下降[31]。当液料比为35:1 mL/g时,多糖得率最高。因此选择25:1、35:1、45:1 mL/g作为响应面设计的3水平。
由图1C可知,随着提取时间的增加,PACP的得率也处于上升趋势,在2 h达到最大值,这是由于提取时间的增加有利于多糖在溶剂中充分溶解;而提取时间超过2 h时,多糖得率下降,可能是多糖长时间处于高温中多糖降解,导致其得率下降[32]。因此选择1.5、2、2.5 h作为响应面试验的3个水平。
根据Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计原理,以提取温度(A)、液料比(B)、提取时间(C)为基础设计3因素3水平,共17组响应面试验分析。响应面设计的试验方案及结果见表2。
对中心组合的实验结果进行回归分析,得到的二次多项回归方程:Y=4.44+0.019A+0.27B+0.31C−0.0025AB−0.27AC−0.19BC−0.81A2−0.81B2−0.37C2。
由表3可知,模型的P<0.0001,表明回归模型极其显著,失拟项P值为0.0634不显著。R2=0.9885,R2Adj=0.9736,表明该模型可以解释98.85%的变化,可用于优化PACP的提取工艺。由显著性分析可知,除A、AB、BC外的其他因素P值均小于0.01,说明这些条件极显著影响PACP的多糖得率。并且影响PACP得率大小次序为:提取时间(C)>液料比(B)>提取温度(A)。
各因素的响应面见图2。响应面的陡峭程度反映了各因素间的交互规律,图中料液比与提取温度等高线近似圆形,表明AB交互项不显著;其中提取温度和提取时间最近似椭圆,表明AC交互项极显著,与方差分析结果一致。
通过Design-Expert8.0.6软件得到优化后提取工艺条件:提取温度89.44 ℃、液料比为36.16:1 mL/g、提取时间为2.21 h,由此计算多糖得率为4.52%。根据实际情况将条件调整为提取温度90 ℃、液料比为36:1 mL/g、提取时间为2.2 h。在该条件下重复三次试验,PACP得率为4.47%±0.13%,验证结果与预测值相近,说明该模型准确,优化PACP的工艺参数可靠。
PACP经过除蛋白和脱色素后,在DEAE-52柱层析中通过蒸馏水,0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5 mol/L的NaCl溶液洗脱得到PACP0(15.93%)、PACP1(17.12%)、PACP2(7.66%)、PACP3(11.99%)、PACP4(1.59%)五个洗脱峰,见图3(a)。将五个组分通过Sephadex G-100柱层析进行洗脱,对PACP0组分分离得到两个洗脱峰,命名为PACP-0a和PACP-0b,其余组分均得到一个洗脱峰,分别命名为PACP-1a、PACP-2a、PACP-3a、PACP-4a,见图3(b)~图3(f)。
由于糖尿病会导致体内自由基过多,增强组织氧化应激,对机体造成氧化损伤[33],而具有抗氧化活性的多糖可以通过减少氧化应激损伤降低糖尿病并发症,并提高胰岛素敏感性,其中DPPH和ABTS+是体外评价抗氧化能力较稳定的方法[34],因此通过抗氧化活性测定结果,初步筛选锦灯笼宿萼多糖降糖活性组分。
如图4A所示,6个纯化多糖对DPPH自由基都有一定的清除能力,在浓度为0.1~3.2 mg/mL范围内,6个纯化多糖对DPPH自由基的清除率不断增加,而PACP-1a的清除能力明显高于其他组分,当浓度达到3.2 mg/mL时,清除率达到最大为96.22%,其IC50值为0.26 mg/mL,表明PACP-1a有较强的清除DPPH自由基的能力。
如图4B所示,6个纯化多糖都表现出了明显的ABTS+自由基清除能力,多糖在浓度为0.1~6.4 mg/mL范围内具有浓度依赖性,其PACP-1a、PACP-0a和PACP-2a的清除能力都明显强于其他三组分,而当浓度达到6.4 mg/mL时,PACP-1a的清除率达到最大为98.97%,其IC50值为0.31 mg/mL,表明PACP-1a多糖组分有较强的ABTS+自由基清除能力。根据以上抗氧化活性测定结果对抗氧化活性最好的PACP-1a组分进行结构表征及降糖活性评价。
按照1.2.6项下方法测得PACP-1a的总糖含量、蛋白质含量和糖醛酸含量分别为88.82%、1.29%和28.77%。
图5为PACP-1a的UV图,在200 nm左右出现最大吸收峰,为多糖的特征吸收峰。在260 nm处未出现吸收峰,表明PACP-1a不含有核酸;而在280 nm也未检测到吸收峰,可能与其蛋白质含量较低有关[35]。
如图6所示,通过HPGPC测定PACP-1a组分为单一对称峰,表明PACP-1a为纯度较高的均一多糖,保留时间为12.4928 min,代入葡聚糖标准曲线的拟合方程,计算出的PACP-1a分子量(Mw)大小为109443 Da。
图7A为9种单糖标准品HPLC色谱图,PACP-1a的单糖组成色谱图如图7B所示,由甘露糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖和木糖组成,根据峰面积得其摩尔比为0.112:0.025:0.054:0.122:0.054:0.102。其中甘露糖和葡萄糖为主要单糖。与陶硕[9]分离纯化得到四种多糖的单糖组成均不相同,其四种多糖均不含半乳糖,却都含有山梨糖成分,而形成该结果的原因可能是因为其锦灯笼宿萼的产地和提取条件不同。此外,葡萄糖和甘露糖作为PACP-1a的主要成分,可能在抗氧化活性中发挥了重要作用[36]。
FT-IR用于对多糖的糖苷键类型、官能团的类型以及糖环构型等进行分析[37]。如图8所示,PACP-1a组分在4000~400 cm−1范围内存在多糖类物质的典型特征吸收峰。其中,在3435.17 cm−1处出现一个较宽的强吸收峰,这是多糖的O-H伸缩振动[38]。在2929.83 cm−1处的吸收峰为C-H的伸缩振动峰[39]。在1612.47 cm−1处的吸收峰是糖醛酸的C=O的伸缩振动峰[40]。在1425.37 cm−1处附近的是C-O变角振动特征吸收峰[41]。在1300~1000 cm−1之间出现的吸收峰是C-O-C的不对称伸缩振动,表明PACP-1a存在吡喃环结构[42]。在896.89 cm−1处的吸收峰表明β-糖苷键的存在[43]。由此推测PACP-1a为β型吡喃糖。
多糖的三螺旋结构在弱碱条件下能与刚果红结合形成络合物,最大吸收波长发生红移[44]。如图9所示,PACP-1a的最大吸收波长在NaOH浓度为0~0.3 mol/L时随着浓度的增加而发生红移,继续提高NaOH浓度,则最大吸收波长减小,三螺旋结构遭到破坏,表明PACP-1a存在三螺旋结构[45]。
根据SEM的结果见图10(a),在200倍下PACP-1a多糖都为不规则片状,并且含有蜷缩状态;如图10(b)所示,在500倍下,观察到表面褶皱,边缘存在毛刺样;如图9(c)所示,在1000倍下观察到表面为有序条状脉络。其PACP-1a的不规则片状结构,可能是由于较高的糖醛酸含量增加了黏度,使三螺旋结构多糖聚合而成[46]。
α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂被认为是治疗餐后高血糖的有效药物,且可以延缓糖尿病的发展进程及其并发症,包括糖尿病肾病、糖尿病视网膜病变和神经病变等[47]。
PACP-1a对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用如图11A所示。结果表明,在0.1~6.4 mg/mL试验浓度范围内,PACP-1a多糖组分对α-淀粉酶活性抑制随多糖浓度的升高而增大。当多糖浓度为6.4 mg/mL时,PACP-1a组分对α-淀粉酶的抑制率最高为55.77%,其IC50值为3.42 mg/mL,低于李景恩等[48]在南枣中分离的均一多糖组分(CAP-40)抑制α-淀粉酶的IC50值(8.351 mg/mL),从而表明PACP-1a对α-淀粉酶具有良好的抑制作用。这可能与多糖的三螺旋结构有关,其含有三螺旋结构的多糖对α-淀粉酶的抑制效果要强于不含有三螺旋结构的多糖[49]。
PACP-1a对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用如图11B所示。结果表明,在0.1~6.4 mg/mL试验浓度范围内,PACP-1a组分对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制呈现剂量依赖。当多糖浓度为6.4 mg/mL时,PACP-1a组分对α-淀粉酶的抑制能力最高为58.51%,其IC50值为3.11 mg/mL。蔡舒等[50]在南瓜籽中分离出了对α-葡萄糖苷酶具有显著抑制作用的多糖成分PSP-1-1,其IC50值为3.92 mg/mL,高于本研究PACP-1a的结果(3.11 mg/mL),从而表明锦灯笼宿萼多糖PACP-1a对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性具有很好的抑制作用,表现了显著的降糖效果。
本研究通过单因素实验和响应面试验优化得到锦灯笼宿萼多糖水提法的最佳工艺条件为:提取温度90 ℃,液料比36:1 mL/g,提取时间2.2 h,得率为4.47%±0.13%,与理论值4.52%接近,表明该条件下溶液能与锦灯笼宿萼充分接触,破坏细胞壁提高多糖的溶出速度使多糖完全溶出,从而达到理想的提取效果,该提取条件相对可靠,对锦灯笼宿萼多糖的工业生产的工艺优化具有一定的参考价值。通过分离纯化得到一种含有三螺旋结构分子量(Mw)为109443 Da的均一多糖PACP-1a,由甘露糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖和木糖组成,其摩尔比为0.112:0.025:0.054:0.122:0.054:0.102,测定PACP-1a的糖含量、蛋白质含量和糖醛酸含量分别为88.82%、1.29%和28.77%,对DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基清除能力较强,其较强的抗氧化能力可能与其较高的糖醛酸含量有关,与Qiao等[51]在黑莓中分离出的五种含有不同糖醛酸含量的多糖进行抗氧化活性对比得到的结果相同,其抗氧化能力最强的成分,糖醛酸含量也最高。红外光谱图中显示,PACP-1a具有多糖特征吸收峰并含有β型吡喃糖。在体外降糖活性试验中,通过α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制试验显示PACP-1a具有良好的降糖活性,并且氧化应激也与糖尿病的发生发展有关,因此该多糖所表现出的良好的降糖活性可能与其较高的抗氧化活性有关[52]。
本研究对锦灯笼宿萼多糖的提取纯化、结构及降糖活性进行了研究,通过响应面优化得到了锦灯笼宿萼多糖的最佳提取工艺,为其进一步研究与开发提供了理论依据。并且通过抗氧化活性的初步筛选,考察其降糖活性,此研究为其在功能性食品和药品的开发和应用提供了科学依据和实验基础。虽然对锦灯笼宿萼多糖结构进行表征,但要确定其具体结构后续还需进行核磁解析,并采用动物或细胞实验进行活性研究。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120406
  • 接收时间:2025-01-02
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-02
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    佳木斯大学药学院,黑龙江佳木斯 154007

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滕杨(1982−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:天然植物化学成分分析及活性研究,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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