Article(id=1320889891853029395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320889471592149951, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030264, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1742313600000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854291164, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854291164, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854291164, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854291164, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320889471592149951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771084800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854190967, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854190967, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=313, endPage=323, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889892054355988, articleId=1320889891853029395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Extraction of Cerasus humilis Polyphenol by the Probe-type Ultrasound Assisted with NADES and Its Enrichment Mechanism and Antioxidant Activity, columnId=1261343843090313538, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Processing Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, probe-type ultrasound assisted natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) were used for the extraction of Cerasus humilis polyphenols (CHP). The extraction parameters were optimised by single factor and orthogonal experiments, and the optimal resin was selected based on adsorption/desorption capacity. The adsorption mechanism of the resin on CHP was investigated by resin adsorption kinetics and isothermal equilibrium experiments, and the composition and antioxidant activity of CHP were analysed. The results showed that choline chloride and citric acid were the optimal solvents for extracting CHP with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:50 (g/mL), ultrasonic power of 420 W, NADES moisture content of 35% (V/V) and ultrasonic extraction for 30 min. The CHP extraction content reached 491.25 mg/100 g dry weight. AB-8 had favorable adsorption/desorption capacity and desorption rate (80.20%, 57.81% and 46.36%, respectively) and was selected as the optimal resin. The adsorption process was monolayer adsorption, and low temperature was conducive to adsorption. Seventeen polyphenolic compounds, including chlorogenic acid, catechins and epicatechins, were identified from the purified extract by LC-MS2. In addition, CHP exhibited strong antioxidant activity with SC50 values of 0.059 and 0.032 mg/mL for DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging, respectively. This study may provide a theoretical basis for the green extraction and application of functional agents in Cerasus humilis.

, authors=Shutong CHEN1, 2, Jin LIU2, Yaru LI2, Ailin ZHANG1, *, Wenhai KUANG2, Yujie XIONG2, Shu HAO2, Si CHEN2, Huahao ZHANG2, Shenhua JIANG1, 2, *, authorsList=Shutong CHEN, Jin LIU, Yaru LI, Ailin ZHANG, Wenhai KUANG, Yujie XIONG, Shu HAO, Si CHEN, Huahao ZHANG, Shenhua JIANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ailin ZHANG, Shenhua JIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889894860345375, articleId=1320889891853029395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=脉冲超声辅助天然低共熔溶剂提取欧李多酚及其富集机制和抗氧化活性的研究, columnId=1261343845481066826, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=工艺技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究采用脉冲超声辅助天然低共熔溶剂(Natural deep eutectic solvents,NADES)提取欧李多酚(Cerasus humilis polyphenol,CHP),经单因素实验和正交试验优化提取参数,利用吸附/解吸能力筛选最优树脂,采用树脂吸附动力学、等温线平衡实验探究树脂对CHP的吸附机制,并对CHP组成及抗氧化活性进行了分析。结果表明,氯化胆碱和柠檬酸为提取CHP最优溶剂,料液比1:50 (g/mL)、超声功率420 W、NADES含水率35%(V/V)、超声提取30 min,CHP提取量达491.25 mg/100 g干重。AB-8具有良好的吸附/解吸能力和解吸率(分别为80.20%、57.81%和46.36%),被筛选为最佳树脂。吸附过程为单分子层吸附,且低温有利于吸附进行。通过LC-MS2从提取物中鉴定出包括绿原酸、儿茶素和表儿茶素在内的17种多酚类化合物。此外,CHP对DPPH、ABTS+自由基SC50分别为0.059和0.032 mg/mL,展示出较强的抗氧化能力。本研究可为欧李功能性活性物质的绿色提取和应用提供理论依据。

, authors=陈姝彤1, 2, 刘谨2, 李雅茹2, 张爱琳1, *, 况文海2, 熊钰洁2, 郝澍2, 陈思2, 张化浩2, 江慎华1, 2, *, authorsList=陈姝彤, 刘谨, 李雅茹, 张爱琳, 况文海, 熊钰洁, 郝澍, 陈思, 张化浩, 江慎华, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张爱琳, 江慎华, authorNote=

陈姝彤(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品科学,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
张爱琳(1977−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品质量与安全,E-mail:。
江慎华(1973−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品营养学,农副产品精深加工,E-mail:。
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Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 52(3): 95−104.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320889909406191796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG J, LI D F, GUO J L. Study on the changes and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds in Cerasus humilis fruits with different flesh colors[J]. Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 52(3): 95−104., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320889909473300661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU H, ZHAO W R, ZHOU J J, et al. Extraction, analysis of antioxidant activities and structural characteristics of flavonoids in fruits of Diospyros lotus L.[J]. LWT, 2024, 201: 1−10., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320889909536215222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SINGH M C, KELSO C, PRICE W E, et al. Validated liquid chromatography separation methods for identification and quantification of anthocyanins in fruit and vegetables: A systematic review[J]. Food Research International, 2020, 138: 1−12., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320889895061671968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889895065866273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, companyId=1320889895061671968, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889895074254882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, companyId=1320889895061671968, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1天津农学院食品科学与生物工程学院,天津 300384)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320889895141363747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889895149752356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, companyId=1320889895141363747, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Jiujiang Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety, Jiujiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Development of Major Cyprinidae Fish, School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889895158140965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, companyId=1320889895141363747, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2九江学院药学与生命科学学院,九江市食品加工与安全重点实验室,九江市鲤科重要经济鱼类保护及开发重点实验室,江西九江 332000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320889900199694438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effect of different solvents on the extraction of polyphenols from Cerasus humilis, figureFileSmall=8Phb3zrjMvsBqOAfoIMwYA==, figureFileBig=F59K6rxUfmRS9dqCS5rbVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889900275191911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同溶剂对CHP提取量的影响

注:不同大写字母表示各组间差异显著,P<0.05,图2同。

, figureFileSmall=8Phb3zrjMvsBqOAfoIMwYA==, figureFileBig=F59K6rxUfmRS9dqCS5rbVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889900472324200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of solid to solvent ratio (A), ultrasonic power (B), ultrasonic time (C), and water content of NADES (D) on the yields of CHP, figureFileSmall=qQHEKkNbFJyH2XSGfPErJA==, figureFileBig=4lI7QXz7gqmY8Ujar5omKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889900543627369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=CN, label=图2, caption=料液比(a)、超声功率(b)、NADES含水量(c)和超声波时间(d)对CHP提取量的影响, figureFileSmall=qQHEKkNbFJyH2XSGfPErJA==, figureFileBig=4lI7QXz7gqmY8Ujar5omKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889900606541930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Adsorption kinetic curves (a) and linear correlations based on the pseudo-first-order (b), pseudo-second-order (c), and intra-particle diffusion (d) models for CHP on AB-8 resin at 25 ℃, figureFileSmall=jbOEb5eS1JRvR/hwL4oC4A==, figureFileBig=MfQ72tt/J3Du6T344kTToA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889900677845099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=CN, label=图3, caption=25 ℃下CHP在AB-8树脂上的吸附动力学曲线(a)和基于一级(b)、二级(c)和颗粒内扩散(d)模型的线性相关性, figureFileSmall=jbOEb5eS1JRvR/hwL4oC4A==, figureFileBig=MfQ72tt/J3Du6T344kTToA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889900736565356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Adsorption isotherms (a), and linear correlations based on the Langmuir (b), Freundlich (c), and Temkin (d) models for CHP on AB-8 resin at different temperatures, figureFileSmall=TthVV/beJG2ltZVC79V0pQ==, figureFileBig=jJbCLL3iuBOC1+uMNE8rWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889900799479917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同温度下CHP在AB-8树脂上吸附的吸附等温线(a)和基于Langmuir(b)、Freundlich(c)和Temkin(d)模型的线性相关性, figureFileSmall=TthVV/beJG2ltZVC79V0pQ==, figureFileBig=jJbCLL3iuBOC1+uMNE8rWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889900862394478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Antioxidant capacity of CHP, figureFileSmall=ucvTdnXs9Tmt1GKieBb0ZQ==, figureFileBig=PL8gjOXSWvWzpdy3COFC1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889900925309039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=CN, label=图5, caption=CHP抗氧化能力

注:a. DPPH自由基清除能力; b. ABTS+自由基清除能力;c. FRAP; d. FeSO4 标准曲线。

, figureFileSmall=ucvTdnXs9Tmt1GKieBb0ZQ==, figureFileBig=PL8gjOXSWvWzpdy3COFC1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889900992417904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Molar ratios and water contents of prepared NADES

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
NADES
缩写
氢键受体氢键供体摩尔比NADES含
水率 (%)
CC-UR氯化胆碱
(Choline chloride,CC)
尿素 (Urea,UR)1:225
CC-MA苹果酸 (Malonic acid,MA)1:125
CC-GLY甘油 (Glycerol,GLY)1:225
CC-CIT柠檬酸 (Citric acid,CIT)1:125
CC-GLU葡萄糖 (Glucose,GLU)1:125
), ArticleFig(id=1320889901055332465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

天然低共熔溶剂成分摩尔比及含水率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
NADES
缩写
氢键受体氢键供体摩尔比NADES含
水率 (%)
CC-UR氯化胆碱
(Choline chloride,CC)
尿素 (Urea,UR)1:225
CC-MA苹果酸 (Malonic acid,MA)1:125
CC-GLY甘油 (Glycerol,GLY)1:225
CC-CIT柠檬酸 (Citric acid,CIT)1:125
CC-GLU葡萄糖 (Glucose,GLU)1:125
), ArticleFig(id=1320889901139218546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Factors and levels of the orthogonal design L9 (34)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因子水平
123
A 料液比(g/mL)1:301:401:50
B 超声功率(W)420540660
C NADES含水率(%)152535
D 超声时间(min)102030
), ArticleFig(id=1320889901202133107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

正交实验L9 (34) 因素及水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因子水平
123
A 料液比(g/mL)1:301:401:50
B 超声功率(W)420540660
C NADES含水率(%)152535
D 超声时间(min)102030
), ArticleFig(id=1320889901273436276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of the orthogonal experimental

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验号因素 (水平)结果
A 料液比
(g/mL)
B超声功率(W)C NADES 含水
率(%,w/w)
D超声时
间(min)
CHP 提取量
(mg/100 g DW)
11:30(1)420(1)15(1)10(1)374.58±1.74
21:30(1)540(2)25(2)30(3)405.87±4.12
31:30(1)660(3)35(3)20(2)420.26±7.03
41:40(2)420(1)35(3)30(3)450.68±3.06
51:40(2)540(2)15(1)20(2)289.05±1.11
61:40(2)660(3)25(2)10(1)426.23±12.54
71:50(3)420(1)25(2)20(2)412.48±16.29
81:50(3)540(2)35(3)10(1)456.58±15.61
91:50(3)660(3)15(1)30(3)372.70±17.50
), ArticleFig(id=1320889901348933749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

正交试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验号因素 (水平)结果
A 料液比
(g/mL)
B超声功率(W)C NADES 含水
率(%,w/w)
D超声时
间(min)
CHP 提取量
(mg/100 g DW)
11:30(1)420(1)15(1)10(1)374.58±1.74
21:30(1)540(2)25(2)30(3)405.87±4.12
31:30(1)660(3)35(3)20(2)420.26±7.03
41:40(2)420(1)35(3)30(3)450.68±3.06
51:40(2)540(2)15(1)20(2)289.05±1.11
61:40(2)660(3)25(2)10(1)426.23±12.54
71:50(3)420(1)25(2)20(2)412.48±16.29
81:50(3)540(2)35(3)10(1)456.58±15.61
91:50(3)660(3)15(1)30(3)372.70±17.50
), ArticleFig(id=1320889901420236918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Results of the range analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目A料液比B超声功
率(W)
C NADES
含水率 (%)
D超声时
间(min)
K1j3602.153713.233108.993772.19
K2j3497.903454.503733.753365.35
K3j3725.263657.573982.573687.76
k1j400.24412.58345.44419.13
k2j388.66383.83414.86373.93
k3j413.92406.40442.51409.75
R25.2628.7597.0645.20
最优水平A3B1C3D1
次序C>D>B>A
), ArticleFig(id=1320889903089569911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

极差分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目A料液比B超声功
率(W)
C NADES
含水率 (%)
D超声时
间(min)
K1j3602.153713.233108.993772.19
K2j3497.903454.503733.753365.35
K3j3725.263657.573982.573687.76
k1j400.24412.58345.44419.13
k2j388.66383.83414.86373.93
k3j413.92406.40442.51409.75
R25.2628.7597.0645.20
最优水平A3B1C3D1
次序C>D>B>A
), ArticleFig(id=1320889903232176248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目SSdfMSF值P值显著性
模型692.362346.1782.3110.131不显著
A2878.1721439.0809.608P<0.005显著
B4120.8922060.45013.756P<0.001极显著
C45017.90222508.950150.277P<0.001极显著
D10243.7425121.87034.195P<0.001极显著
误差2396.5316149.783
总计65349.5826
R2=0.963
), ArticleFig(id=1320889903349616761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

方差分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目SSdfMSF值P值显著性
模型692.362346.1782.3110.131不显著
A2878.1721439.0809.608P<0.005显著
B4120.8922060.45013.756P<0.001极显著
C45017.90222508.950150.277P<0.001极显著
D10243.7425121.87034.195P<0.001极显著
误差2396.5316149.783
总计65349.5826
R2=0.963
), ArticleFig(id=1320889903492223098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Multiple comparisons of the average values of important factors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素ABCD
水平123123123123
CHP提取量
(mg/100 g DW)
400.24Bb388.66bB412.58aA412.58aA383.83bB406.40aA345.44cC414.86bB442.51aA419.13aA373.93bB409.75aA
), ArticleFig(id=1320889903588692091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

重要因素平均值的多重比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素ABCD
水平123123123123
CHP提取量
(mg/100 g DW)
400.24Bb388.66bB412.58aA412.58aA383.83bB406.40aA345.44cC414.86bB442.51aA419.13aA373.93bB409.75aA
), ArticleFig(id=1320889903668383868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Verification of the experimental results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组合A3B1C3D1A3B1C3D3A3B3C3D1A3B3C3D3
CHP提取量
(mg/100 g DW)
432.37bB491.25aA477.89aA480.64aA
), ArticleFig(id=1320889903760658557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

验证实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组合A3B1C3D1A3B1C3D3A3B3C3D1A3B3C3D3
CHP提取量
(mg/100 g DW)
432.37bB491.25aA477.89aA480.64aA
), ArticleFig(id=1320889903844544638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Physical properties of the MAR used and results of resin screen

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
树脂种类粒径 (mm)比表面积 (m2/g)平均孔径 (nm)极性吸附量(mg/g)吸附率(%)解吸量(mg/g)解吸率 (%)回收率 (%)
DM-210.2~0.61000~110080~90非极性1.38D74.11D0.78B56.41B41.80AB
AB-80.3~1.25480~53013.0~14.0弱极性1.49A80.20A0.86A57.81A46.36A
XDA-70.4~1.25800~110012.0~14.0非极性1.38D74.48D0.79B56.89B42.36A
X-50.3~1.25500~60021.0~23.0非极性1.32E70.92E0.72C54.35C38.54B
LX-680.3~1.254506.3弱极性1.41C76.01C0.82A58.00A44.09A
LX-120.315~1.25500-6008.0-10.0弱极性1.44B77.55B0.71D49.05D38.02C
), ArticleFig(id=1320889903911653503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

大孔树脂的物理特性及树脂筛选结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
树脂种类粒径 (mm)比表面积 (m2/g)平均孔径 (nm)极性吸附量(mg/g)吸附率(%)解吸量(mg/g)解吸率 (%)回收率 (%)
DM-210.2~0.61000~110080~90非极性1.38D74.11D0.78B56.41B41.80AB
AB-80.3~1.25480~53013.0~14.0弱极性1.49A80.20A0.86A57.81A46.36A
XDA-70.4~1.25800~110012.0~14.0非极性1.38D74.48D0.79B56.89B42.36A
X-50.3~1.25500~60021.0~23.0非极性1.32E70.92E0.72C54.35C38.54B
LX-680.3~1.254506.3弱极性1.41C76.01C0.82A58.00A44.09A
LX-120.315~1.25500-6008.0-10.0弱极性1.44B77.55B0.71D49.05D38.02C
), ArticleFig(id=1320889904016511104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Adsorption kinetic equations and parameters of CHP adsorption onto AB-8 resin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
动力学模型公式动态参数
一级动力学ln(qe−qt)=−0.0101t−0.221k1=−0.0101 min−1, qe=0.8017 mg/g,R2=0.9028
二级动力学t/qt=0.5189t+7.9394k2=0.0337 g/(mg·min), qe=1.9272 mg/g,R2=0.9999
颗粒内扩散qt=0.0805t1/2+0.8529
(t1/2≈0~11)
qt=0.0143t1/2+1.5732
(t1/2≈11~20.5)
qt=0.0017t1/2+1.8409
(t1/2>20.5)
k3=0.0805 mg/(g·min1/2), C=0.8529 mg/g,R2=0.9299
k3=0.0143 mg/(g·min1/2)
C=1.5732 mg/g,R2=0.9814
k3=0.0017mg/(g·min1/2), C=1.8409 mg/g,R2=0.6466
), ArticleFig(id=1320889904104591489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

欧李多酚在AB-8树脂上的吸附动力学方程和参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
动力学模型公式动态参数
一级动力学ln(qe−qt)=−0.0101t−0.221k1=−0.0101 min−1, qe=0.8017 mg/g,R2=0.9028
二级动力学t/qt=0.5189t+7.9394k2=0.0337 g/(mg·min), qe=1.9272 mg/g,R2=0.9999
颗粒内扩散qt=0.0805t1/2+0.8529
(t1/2≈0~11)
qt=0.0143t1/2+1.5732
(t1/2≈11~20.5)
qt=0.0017t1/2+1.8409
(t1/2>20.5)
k3=0.0805 mg/(g·min1/2), C=0.8529 mg/g,R2=0.9299
k3=0.0143 mg/(g·min1/2)
C=1.5732 mg/g,R2=0.9814
k3=0.0017mg/(g·min1/2), C=1.8409 mg/g,R2=0.6466
), ArticleFig(id=1320889904192671874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Adsorption isotherms equations and parameters of CHP adsorption onto AB-8 resin at 25, 35, and 45 ℃

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型温度
(℃)
公式参数
KL (L/mg)qm (mg/g)R2
Langmuir25ce/qe=0.7714ce+1.0347
ce/qe=0.7866ce+1.2675
ce/qe=0.7966ce+1.4135
0.74551.29640.9995
350.62061.27130.9990
450.56351.25540.9989
KF [(mg/g)·
(L/mg)1/n]
1/nR2
Freundlich25lnqe=0.3389lnce−0.6826
lnqe=0.3760lnce−0.7386
lnqe=0.3895lnce−0.8103
0.50530.33890.991
350.47300.37600.9797
450.44470.38950.9842
KT (L/mg)BT (J/mol)R2
Temkin25qe=0.2551lnce+0.5364
qe=0.2709lnce+0.4845
qe=0.2711lnce+0.4517
8.18830.25510.9957
355.980.27090.9951
455.29160.27110.9946
), ArticleFig(id=1320889904263975043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

在25、35、45 ℃下, CHP在AB-8树脂上吸附的吸附等温线方程和参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型温度
(℃)
公式参数
KL (L/mg)qm (mg/g)R2
Langmuir25ce/qe=0.7714ce+1.0347
ce/qe=0.7866ce+1.2675
ce/qe=0.7966ce+1.4135
0.74551.29640.9995
350.62061.27130.9990
450.56351.25540.9989
KF [(mg/g)·
(L/mg)1/n]
1/nR2
Freundlich25lnqe=0.3389lnce−0.6826
lnqe=0.3760lnce−0.7386
lnqe=0.3895lnce−0.8103
0.50530.33890.991
350.47300.37600.9797
450.44470.38950.9842
KT (L/mg)BT (J/mol)R2
Temkin25qe=0.2551lnce+0.5364
qe=0.2709lnce+0.4845
qe=0.2711lnce+0.4517
8.18830.25510.9957
355.980.27090.9951
455.29160.27110.9946
), ArticleFig(id=1320889904331083908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=EN, label=Table 11, caption=

Thermodynamic parameters of CHP adsorption on AB-8 resin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
T (℃)Keq (L/g)ΔG (kJ/mol)ΔH (kJ/mol)ΔS (J/mol·K)
25745.5A−16.36A−11.0617.77
35620.6B−16.53A
45563.5C−16.71A
), ArticleFig(id=1320889904406581381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=CN, label=表11, caption=

CHP在AB-8树脂上吸附的热力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
T (℃)Keq (L/g)ΔG (kJ/mol)ΔH (kJ/mol)ΔS (J/mol·K)
25745.5A−16.36A−11.0617.77
35620.6B−16.53A
45563.5C−16.71A
), ArticleFig(id=1320889904473690246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=EN, label=Table 12, caption=

Compounds identified in polyphenols of Cerasus humilis by LC-Q-TOF/MS2

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号保留时间 (min)前体离子 m/z分子式质量误差(ppm)加合离子碎片离子m/z预测化合物
11.283336.0992C20H17O5−3.33[M-H]−286.1075,249.0646-异戊烯基染料木素
21.31191.0566C7H12O62.54[M-H]−191.0552,127.0394,111.0086奎宁酸
31.377353.0726C12H18O120.14[M-H]−173.00893-O-羧甲基葡萄糖
41.405191.02C6H8O71.43[M-H]−191.0185,111.0088柠檬酸
52.561289.0663C15H14O6−1.31[M-H]−245.0467表儿茶素
62.617367.0822C20H16O7−0.34[M-H]−367.0817,173.00884-O-阿魏酰奎宁酸
72.633379.089C14H20O122.11[M-H]−191.05534-羟基-2-氧代庚烷二酸
83.813173.0093C6H6O60.8[M-H]−111.0088trans-乌头酸
94.647477.161C20H30O13−0.76[M-H]−431.1562,269.103异鼠李素葡萄糖
104.675431.1541C19H28O11−4.13[M-H]−269.1021染料木黄铜-O-葡萄糖异构体2
114.775447.0928C21H20O10−1.08[M-H]−284.0319山奈酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷
125.013289.0725C15H14O6−1.25[M-H]−191.0569儿茶素
135.217287.0613C15H14O7−0.37[M-H]−125.0234,137.0315没食子儿茶素
146.146353.0864C16H18O9−1.48[M-H]−191.0567绿原酸
156.966471.2081C18H34O11−0.5[M+COOH]−425.2018,263.1492unknown
168.212723.502C40H70O8−4.82[M-H]−677.4955,338.2435unknown
179.013836.5869C44H85O121.01[M-H]−790.5799,451.3305,225.1594unknown
), ArticleFig(id=1320889904565964935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889891853029395, language=CN, label=表12, caption=

欧李多酚组分鉴定

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号保留时间 (min)前体离子 m/z分子式质量误差(ppm)加合离子碎片离子m/z预测化合物
11.283336.0992C20H17O5−3.33[M-H]−286.1075,249.0646-异戊烯基染料木素
21.31191.0566C7H12O62.54[M-H]−191.0552,127.0394,111.0086奎宁酸
31.377353.0726C12H18O120.14[M-H]−173.00893-O-羧甲基葡萄糖
41.405191.02C6H8O71.43[M-H]−191.0185,111.0088柠檬酸
52.561289.0663C15H14O6−1.31[M-H]−245.0467表儿茶素
62.617367.0822C20H16O7−0.34[M-H]−367.0817,173.00884-O-阿魏酰奎宁酸
72.633379.089C14H20O122.11[M-H]−191.05534-羟基-2-氧代庚烷二酸
83.813173.0093C6H6O60.8[M-H]−111.0088trans-乌头酸
94.647477.161C20H30O13−0.76[M-H]−431.1562,269.103异鼠李素葡萄糖
104.675431.1541C19H28O11−4.13[M-H]−269.1021染料木黄铜-O-葡萄糖异构体2
114.775447.0928C21H20O10−1.08[M-H]−284.0319山奈酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷
125.013289.0725C15H14O6−1.25[M-H]−191.0569儿茶素
135.217287.0613C15H14O7−0.37[M-H]−125.0234,137.0315没食子儿茶素
146.146353.0864C16H18O9−1.48[M-H]−191.0567绿原酸
156.966471.2081C18H34O11−0.5[M+COOH]−425.2018,263.1492unknown
168.212723.502C40H70O8−4.82[M-H]−677.4955,338.2435unknown
179.013836.5869C44H85O121.01[M-H]−790.5799,451.3305,225.1594unknown
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脉冲超声辅助天然低共熔溶剂提取欧李多酚及其富集机制和抗氧化活性的研究
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陈姝彤 1, 2 , 刘谨 2 , 李雅茹 2 , 张爱琳 1, * , 况文海 2 , 熊钰洁 2 , 郝澍 2 , 陈思 2 , 张化浩 2 , 江慎华 1, 2, *
食品工业科技 | 工艺技术 2026,47(4): 313-323
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食品工业科技 |工艺技术 2026 , 47 (4) : 313 -323
脉冲超声辅助天然低共熔溶剂提取欧李多酚及其富集机制和抗氧化活性的研究
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陈姝彤(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品科学,E-mail:

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陈姝彤1, 2 , 刘谨2, 李雅茹2, 张爱琳1, * , 况文海2, 熊钰洁2, 郝澍2, 陈思2, 张化浩2, 江慎华1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1天津农学院食品科学与生物工程学院,天津 300384
  • 2九江学院药学与生命科学学院,九江市食品加工与安全重点实验室,九江市鲤科重要经济鱼类保护及开发重点实验室,江西九江 332000
通讯作者:
张爱琳(1977−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品质量与安全,E-mail:。
江慎华(1973−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品营养学,农副产品精深加工,E-mail:。
作者简介:

陈姝彤(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品科学,E-mail:

Extraction of Cerasus humilis Polyphenol by the Probe-type Ultrasound Assisted with NADES and Its Enrichment Mechanism and Antioxidant Activity
Shutong CHEN1, 2 , Jin LIU2, Yaru LI2, Ailin ZHANG1, * , Wenhai KUANG2, Yujie XIONG2, Shu HAO2, Si CHEN2, Huahao ZHANG2, Shenhua JIANG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
  • 2Jiujiang Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety, Jiujiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Development of Major Cyprinidae Fish, School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
出版时间: 2026-02-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030264
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本研究采用脉冲超声辅助天然低共熔溶剂(Natural deep eutectic solvents,NADES)提取欧李多酚(Cerasus humilis polyphenol,CHP),经单因素实验和正交试验优化提取参数,利用吸附/解吸能力筛选最优树脂,采用树脂吸附动力学、等温线平衡实验探究树脂对CHP的吸附机制,并对CHP组成及抗氧化活性进行了分析。结果表明,氯化胆碱和柠檬酸为提取CHP最优溶剂,料液比1:50 (g/mL)、超声功率420 W、NADES含水率35%(V/V)、超声提取30 min,CHP提取量达491.25 mg/100 g干重。AB-8具有良好的吸附/解吸能力和解吸率(分别为80.20%、57.81%和46.36%),被筛选为最佳树脂。吸附过程为单分子层吸附,且低温有利于吸附进行。通过LC-MS2从提取物中鉴定出包括绿原酸、儿茶素和表儿茶素在内的17种多酚类化合物。此外,CHP对DPPH、ABTS+自由基SC50分别为0.059和0.032 mg/mL,展示出较强的抗氧化能力。本研究可为欧李功能性活性物质的绿色提取和应用提供理论依据。

欧李  /  多酚  /  天然低共溶溶剂(Natural deep eutectic solvents,NADES)  /  脉冲超声辅助提取  /  大孔树脂吸附机制  /  抗氧化活性

In this study, probe-type ultrasound assisted natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) were used for the extraction of Cerasus humilis polyphenols (CHP). The extraction parameters were optimised by single factor and orthogonal experiments, and the optimal resin was selected based on adsorption/desorption capacity. The adsorption mechanism of the resin on CHP was investigated by resin adsorption kinetics and isothermal equilibrium experiments, and the composition and antioxidant activity of CHP were analysed. The results showed that choline chloride and citric acid were the optimal solvents for extracting CHP with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:50 (g/mL), ultrasonic power of 420 W, NADES moisture content of 35% (V/V) and ultrasonic extraction for 30 min. The CHP extraction content reached 491.25 mg/100 g dry weight. AB-8 had favorable adsorption/desorption capacity and desorption rate (80.20%, 57.81% and 46.36%, respectively) and was selected as the optimal resin. The adsorption process was monolayer adsorption, and low temperature was conducive to adsorption. Seventeen polyphenolic compounds, including chlorogenic acid, catechins and epicatechins, were identified from the purified extract by LC-MS2. In addition, CHP exhibited strong antioxidant activity with SC50 values of 0.059 and 0.032 mg/mL for DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging, respectively. This study may provide a theoretical basis for the green extraction and application of functional agents in Cerasus humilis.

Cerasus humilis  /  polyphenol  /  natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES)  /  probe-type ultrasound-assisted extraction  /  macroporous resin adsorption mechanism  /  antioxidant activity
陈姝彤, 刘谨, 李雅茹, 张爱琳, 况文海, 熊钰洁, 郝澍, 陈思, 张化浩, 江慎华. 脉冲超声辅助天然低共熔溶剂提取欧李多酚及其富集机制和抗氧化活性的研究. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (4) : 313 -323 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030264
Shutong CHEN, Jin LIU, Yaru LI, Ailin ZHANG, Wenhai KUANG, Yujie XIONG, Shu HAO, Si CHEN, Huahao ZHANG, Shenhua JIANG. Extraction of Cerasus humilis Polyphenol by the Probe-type Ultrasound Assisted with NADES and Its Enrichment Mechanism and Antioxidant Activity[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (4) : 313 -323 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030264
多酚是植物中重要的二级代谢产物,含有多个羟基的芳香族化合物,具有抗炎、抗氧化、抑制癌细胞生长等多种功能特性,对人体健康有重要作用[1]。欧李(Cerasus humilis (Bge.) Sok.)是我国特有多年生樱桃属小灌木,抗逆性极强,可耐干旱、耐酸、耐碱,在我国北方已有3000年种植历史[2]。欧李富含多种营养成分(多酚、有机酸、矿物质等),这些成分在抗氧化、免疫调节肠道微生物菌群及对黏膜屏障的调节方面发挥了重要作用。钙含量尤其丰富,因此被称为“钙果”,既可鲜食又可药用,其欧李仁常被用来治疗便秘、水肿和消化不良[3]。
以往植物多酚的提取主要是通过甲醇、乙醇、丙酮等有机溶剂,这些溶剂对环境及人体有一定的影响,而热水浸提对于一些极性较强的目标产物很难达到较高的提取效率[4]。天然低共熔溶剂(Natural deep eutectic solvents,NADES)是由两种或两种以上来自天然初级代谢产物的氢键供体(hydrogen-bond donors,HBD)和氢键受体(hydrogen-bond acceptors,HBA)组成,该混合物熔点远低于其各自组分,且在常温下能以液体形式稳定存在,具有天然、不易挥发、可降解,亦被认为是超高效的绿色提取溶剂,近年来在提取天然产物领域取得显著的效果[5−7],但NADES的高黏度会阻碍溶质与溶剂间的传质。脉冲超声所产生的空化效应和机械扰动可缓解NADES黏度高的不足,同时聚能式探头与溶液直接接触,有更高的能量传递效率[8]。脉冲超声波与NADES结合广泛应用在天然产物提取领域,一方面可解决NADES黏度高、在提取过程中传质效率低等问题;另一方面NADES可与目标多酚形成氢键并产生静电相互作用,从而显著提高多酚提取量[5,9]。但NADES结合脉冲超声波辅助提取(probe-type ultrasonic assisted extraction,pr-UAE-NADES)欧李多酚 (Cerasus humilis polyphenol,CHP) 尚未见相关报道。
植物粗提液需进一步富集纯化以达到各种工业要求。大孔树脂拥有独特的比表面积、孔径和表面极性,有较高的吸附能力、理化性质稳定、低成本等优良特性,对目标产物表现出特有的选择性被广泛应用于天然产物纯化等领域[10]。Li等[11]采用X-5富集欧洲李中富含新绿原酸的多酚,其吸附率、解吸率和回收率分别达99.62%、44.80%和44.29%,借助超高效液相色谱结合三重四极杆质谱鉴定出21种多酚类化合物。大孔树脂吸附过程中吸附机理可通过吸附动力学来阐明,同时吸附等温线有助于理解吸附剂与吸附质之间的相互作用,优化性能参数和解释能量守恒。Liu等[12]表明LSA-21树脂对甘草次碱的吸附符合二级动力学和朗缪尔模型,且整个过程为放热、自发进行的单分子层吸附。但对于采用大孔树脂富集CHP的最适大孔树脂的选择及富集过程中的对应机制尚不明确。
因此,本研究采用脉冲超声辅助NADES法提取CHP,通过单因素实验及正交试验优化提取条件,确定CHP最佳提取工艺;进而采用大孔树脂富集CHP,通过吸附动力学及等温线平衡模型阐明吸附机理,最大限度提升CHP提取量。采用 DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除实验和FRAP还原力实验验证CHP的抗氧化能力,为欧李在食品和药品领域的开发及综合利用提供理论参考。
欧李 购自江西华富乐康农林发展有限公司;没食子酸(纯度≥99%)、抗坏血酸、氯化胆碱、柠檬酸等试剂 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;树脂 购自西安蓝晓科技新材料股份有限公司、河北沧州宝恩股份有限公司;其余溶剂均为国产分析纯。
CR22E型高速冷冻离心机 日本日立公司;TU-1901双光束紫外可见分光光度计 北京普析通用仪器有限责任公司;SpectraMax 190酶标仪 美国MD公司; 6545 LC/Q-TOF高效液相色谱-质谱仪 安捷伦科技有限公司。
总多酚含量采用Folin-Ciocalteu比色法测定,以每克干重(dry weight,DW)没食子酸当量(gallic acid equivalents,GAE)表示[11]。向0.5 mL不同浓度的没食子酸标准液或样品溶液中加入2.25 mL、10%(v/v)Folin-Ciocalteu溶液,混匀、室温避光静置3 min后,再加2.25 mL 15% Na2CO3溶液,室温避光静置1 h后于765 nm测吸光度值。以浓度为x轴、吸光度值为y轴,得到标准曲线y=0.000 9x+0.0099(决定系数R2=0.9980),通过该标准曲线计算获得样品总多酚提取量。
$\rm \mathrm{多酚提取量}(\mathrm{mg}/100\;\mathrm{g}\;DW)=\frac{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{v}}{\mathrm{m}}\times 100 $
式中:c、v、m分别为CHP提取液浓度(mg/L)、所用溶剂体积(L)和所用原料质量(g)。
NADES制备参照文献[2,13]稍作修改。将选定的氢键供体、氢键受体和水按一定比例混合,80 ℃水浴搅拌直至形成稳定的无色透明溶液(表1)。
称取1.00 g样品置烧瓶中,加入40 mL不同提取溶剂(5种NADES、60%甲醇、60%乙醇),脉冲超声(工作及间隔时间均为2 s)提取功率300 W,50 ℃提取20 min,所得提取液8000 r/min 离心10 min后测定欧李多酚含量。
以CC-CIT为溶剂进行单因素筛选实验,以料液比1:40、提取温度50 ℃、提取时间20 min、超声功率300 W、NADES含水率25% 为初始条件,GHP提取量为指标,依次对料液比(1:30、1:40、1:50、1:60、1:70)、超声功率(300、420、540、660、780 W)、NADES含水率(15%、25%、35%、45%、55%)和超声时间(10、15、20、25、30 min)进行优化。
为进一步优化提取工艺,选取单因素各因素中最优水平及临近两个水平为新水平进行四因素三水平(L9 (34))正交试验(表2)。
选取6种不同种类的代表性大孔树脂,将各树脂采用Hou等[14]方法并稍作修改,进行预处理以除去致孔剂和单体:95% 乙醇浸泡24 h,3% HCl浸泡4 h,用蒸馏水洗至中性;再用3% NaOH浸泡4 h,水洗后调节pH为中性,按照大孔树脂干重,通过静态吸附/解吸实验,综合考虑吸附/解吸能力和吸附/解吸率来确定吸附CHP的最优树脂。
采用上述最佳工艺提取CHP,用预先活化好的2 g(DW)树脂与100 mL样品溶液(浓度37.17 mg/L)混合在250 mL锥形瓶中置于水浴摇床以130 r/min转速静态吸附12 h,吸附完成后测定样液吸光度值。上述吸附结束的树脂采用200 mL酸化水水洗,然后采用100 mL 80%乙醇混合水洗后的树脂在250 mL锥形瓶中置于水浴摇床以130 r/min静态解吸12 h,解吸结束后测洗脱后样液吸光度值,计算吸附量、解吸量、解吸率,选出最优树脂。
$ {\mathrm{q}}_{\mathrm{e}}=({\mathrm{C}}_{0}-{\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{e}})/\mathrm{m}\times {\mathrm{V}}_{0} $
$ {\mathrm{q}}_{\mathrm{d}}={\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{d}}/\mathrm{m} $
$ \mathrm{D}=\mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{d}}\mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{d}}/(\mathrm{C}_0-\mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{e}})\mathrm{V}_0\times100 $
式中:qe、qd分别为平衡吸附量和解吸量(mg/g);V0和Vd分别表示初始吸附溶液和解吸溶液的体积(L);C0、Ce和Cd分别表示多酚的初始浓度、平衡浓度和解吸浓度(mg/L);m是树脂干重(g);D代表解吸率(%)。
将3 g(DW)AB-8树脂和150 mL样品溶液(浓度7.20 mg/L)在500 mL锥形瓶中25 ℃水浴摇床振荡(转速130 r/min)吸附12 h,并定期(0、10、20、30、40、50、60、80、100、120、150、180、210、240、270、300、360、480、600、720 min)吸取样液分析吸附过程中CHP的浓度。
$ \text{一级动力学}: \mathrm{ln} ({\mathrm{q}}_{\mathrm{e}}-{\mathrm{q}}_{\mathrm{t}})=\ln {\mathrm{q}}_{\mathrm{e}}-{\mathrm{k}}_{1}\mathrm{t} $
$ \text{二级动力学}: \mathrm{t}/{\mathrm{q}}_{\mathrm{t}}=1/{\mathrm{k}}_{2}{\mathrm{q}}_{{\mathrm{e}}}^2+\mathrm{t}/{\mathrm{q}}_{\mathrm{e}} $
$ \text{颗粒内扩散}: {\mathrm{q}}_{\mathrm{t}}={\mathrm{t}}^{1/2}{\mathrm{k}}_{3}+\mathrm{C} $
式中:qe和qt是时间t(min)时的平衡吸附量(mg/g)和吸附量(mg/g);k1、k2和k3分别是一级(min−1)、二级 [g/(mg·min)]和颗粒扩散动力学模型 [mg/(g·min1/2)] 的吸附速率常数;C是颗粒内扩散动力学模型常数。
按Liu等[12]的方法略作修改进行。将1 g(DW)AB-8树脂和100 mL样品溶液(总多酚浓度梯度依次为5.21、10.42、15.63、20.84、26.05 mg/L)分别置于250 mL锥形瓶中。在25、35、45 ℃水浴摇床(130 r/min)中振荡、静态吸附8 h,吸附结束后测定所吸附CHP的浓度。
$ \text{Langmuir模型}: \frac{{\mathrm{c}}_{\mathrm{e}}}{{\mathrm{q}}_{\mathrm{e}}}=\frac{1}{{\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{L}}{\mathrm{q}}_{\mathrm{m}}}+\frac{{\mathrm{c}}_{\mathrm{e}}}{{\mathrm{q}}_{\mathrm{m}}} $
$ \text{Freundlich模型}: \ln {\mathrm{q}}_{\mathrm{e}}=\frac{1}{\mathrm{n}}\ln {\mathrm{c}}_{\mathrm{e}}+\ln {\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{F}} $
$ \text{Temkin模型}: {\mathrm{q}}_{\mathrm{e}}={\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{T}}\ln {\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{T}}+{\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{T}}\ln {\mathrm{c}}_{\mathrm{e}} $
$ \ln {\mathrm{K}}_{\text{eq}}=-\frac{\text{ΔH}}{\text{RT}}+\frac{\text{ΔS}}{\mathrm{R}} $
$ \Delta \mathrm{G}=-\text{RT}\ln {\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{C}} $
式中:qm表示最大吸附量(mg/g);KL、KF和KT分别是Langmuir模型(L/mg)、Freundlich模型 [(mg/g) (L/min)1/n] 和Temkin模型(L/min)的平衡常数;1/n反映了吸附驱动力的大小;BT是与吸附热相关的常数(J/mol);Keq是平衡分配系数;T是温度(K);R是气体常数8.314(J mol−1K−1),ΔG(kJ/mol)、ΔH(kJ/mol)和ΔS(J mol−1K−1)是热力学参数。
LC-MS2耦合色谱分离可电离和蒸发不稳定和复杂分子,基于前体离子和碎片离子的存在,借助分子计算器和已有文献对比,初步鉴定多酚类物质[15]。在Wu等[15]的方法上略作修改,采用LC-Q-TOF/MS鉴定CHP(C18柱,100 mm×3.0 mm,粒径2.7 µm),负电离模式,流动相为A 0.1%甲酸乙腈(v/v)和B 0.1%甲酸水,流速0.4 mL/min。洗脱程序如下:0~5 min,5%~20% A;5~10 min,20%~25% A;气体温度350 ℃,干燥气体流量8 L/min,喷雾器35 bar,鞘气流量11 L/min,毛细管电压3.5 kV,扫描范围m/z 100~1500,碰撞能量15 eV和35 eV。
采用Li等[11]的方法略作修改。测定1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、2,2′-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸(ABTS+)自由基清除活性和铁还原抗氧化能力(Ferric reducing antioxidant power,FRAP)。
将样品溶液(40 μL)(VC作为阳性对照,下同)和160 μL DPPH溶液混合后避光孵育30 min后在517 nm处测量样液吸光度[16]。
将ABTS溶液(7 mmol/L)与等体积的过硫酸钾(2.4 mmol/L)混合,避光孵育12 h以产生 ABTS储备溶液,然后稀释得到工作溶液(在734 nm处的吸光度:0.70±0.02)。将混合物(50 μL样品溶液和150 μL ABTS工作溶液)在室温孵育10 min,在734 nm处测量样液吸光度。通过公式(13)测定对DPPH和ABTS+自由基清除活性。
$ \text{自由基清除率}(\text{%})=\left(1-\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{1}-{\mathrm{A}}_{0}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{2}}\right)\times 100 $
式中:A0、A1和A2分别表示空白、样品和对照组的吸光度。
在37 ℃下将混合物(样品溶液:FRAP工作溶液=1:10,v/v)孵育10 min后,在593 nm处测量样液吸光度值。FRAP工作液制备过程:将10 mmol/L TPTZ(溶剂为40 mmol/L优级纯HCl)、12 mmol/L FeCl3、0.3 mol/L醋酸钠(pH3.6)以体积比为:1:1:10混合。根据标准曲线确定FRAP值(y=9.6203x−0.4318,R2=0.9999)。结果以mmol Fe2+/g表示。
每项实验均设三次重复,数据以平均值±标准差表示;采用Origin和 SPSS 25.0对实验数据进行统计处理,通过Tukey检验,不同字母在组间显示出显著差异,统计结果以P<0.05代表显著性差异。
以CC为主要氢键受体,结合不同类型的氢键供体制备5种环境友好型NADES结合UAE来筛选提取CHP的最佳溶剂,并与传统溶剂60%乙醇和60%甲醇比较(以CHP提取量为指标)。如图1所示,CC-CIT提取量最高,显著高于其他NADES及传统溶剂(P<0.05),其余依次为60%乙醇≈60%甲醇≈CC-MA>CC-GLY>CC-UR>CC-GL。CC-CIT提取量高的原因可能是NADES间形成了氢键,加速了内容物溶出[7,17−19]。Rashid等[8]也得出CC-CIT最适合提取苹果渣中生物活性物质的结论。CC和甜菜碱已被广泛用于食品行业提取生物活性物质,CIT是国家标准规定的食品添加剂[19]。因此,选用CC-CIT优化欧李多酚提取工艺。
单因素实验结果均呈现出先增加后降低的趋势(图2)。原料一定,溶剂使用较少时,体系黏度大需克服较大的共价作用力才能使溶质溶出;随着溶剂体积增大,CHP提取量逐渐增加,主要是由于原料与溶剂接触的比表面积增大,氢键形成增加,有利于多酚溶出[13]。当料液比为1:40时提取量达最大,再增加溶剂体积,提取量显著降低,原因可能是体系达过饱和,目标产物进一步反应转化为其他物质,进而降低提取量。Rashid等[8]也得出相似结论。因此,综合考虑成本,选择料液比1:40作为提取多酚最优提取条件。
超声功率在超声辅助提取实验过程中产生的空化效应会产生微射流,加速粒子间碰撞导致细胞壁破裂、目标化合物的流出[20]。当超声功率升高至540 W时,多酚提取量达最大。随着超声功率的逐渐增大,多酚提取量呈下降趋势,原因可能是更强的空化效应产生更多的剪切力导致气泡破裂,以及目标产物在瞬时的超高温和超高压下部分降解[21]。因此,选择540 W作为提取多酚最优提取条件。
溶剂黏度过高会阻碍溶质与溶剂间传质[22],含水率增加为25%(w/w)时,提取量达最大。这是因为添加一定的水有利于降低溶剂黏度,促进溶质与溶剂的相互作用,提高了提取量;随着水分含量逐渐增加,提取量呈降低趋势,大量水分将溶剂稀释,氢键形成受阻,会造成提取量降低[13]。赵悦等[13]也得出相似结论。因此,水的添加量要适量,选择含水率为25%(w/w)作为提取CHP最优提取条件。
随着超声时间的增加,提取量呈增加趋势,这是因为超声空化效应逐渐增大,超声波的空化效应增强了植物组织基质的肿胀、水化、碎裂导致孔隙形成,有利于内容物溶出[23]。继续延长时间CHP提取量呈下降趋势,表明超声所产生的过热和超高压会对内容物产生不同程度降解,同时多酚以外的其他物质也会溶出。Rashid等[8]也有相同结论。因此,选择超声提取时间20 min作为提取CHP最优提取条件。
正交试验结果(表3)表明料液比1:50、540 W、NADES含水率35%和超声10 min下,CHP提取量可达456.58±15.61 mg/100 g DW。
极差分析属于直观分析法,不同因素对实验结果的影响可根据极差的大小顺序来确定,R值越大,对结果的影响就越大[24]。由表4可得,影响CHP提取量的因素依次为C>D>B>A。但是仅根据R值不能区分数据的波动是由这些因素及其水平的变化引起、还是由实验误差造成。因此进行方差分析各因素是否对指标有影响。
模型项P>0.05,表明实验具有重现性[25]。方差分析结果表明四个因素均具有显著差异,需用多重比较进一步证明各因素水平间是否有显著性影响(表5)。
由表6可知,最优提取条件B1、B3不显著,D1、D3不显著。因此,最优提取条件为A3B1C3D1、A3B1C3D3、A3B3C3D1或A3B3C3D3。
由表7可得,与A3B1C3D1相比,A3B1C3D3、A3B3C3D1或A3B3C3D3均极显著(P<0.01),综合考虑时间因素,选取最优提取条件为A3B1C3D3。
大孔树脂对目标产物的吸附/解吸能力受到包括树脂的结构、极性、孔径、比表面积以及目标化合物的分子大小和极性等多种因素的影响[26]。由表8可得,6种树脂对CHP吸附/解吸能力略有差异,其中,弱极性的AB-8、LX-12和LX-68有较高的吸附能力(P<0.05),AB-8吸附能力最佳,达1.49 mg/g,有较高的吸附率、解吸率和回收率得益于AB-8树脂的极性与目标产物的极性相似,符合相似相溶原则[12]。另外,AB-8含有相对较大的孔径,使其对CHP有高效的解吸能力。LX-12解吸能力较低的原因是孔径较小,限制了目标物质的溶出[27]。Hou等[14]也根据NKA-Ⅱ树脂有最佳的吸附/解吸能力确定其为吸附斑蝥多酚的最佳树脂。综上所述,AB-8对CHP有较好的吸附/解吸能力和解吸率,选用AB-8作为富集CHP的最优树脂,进一步研究其具体吸附过程及吸附机制。
吸附动力学可用于评估CHP在AB-8树脂上的吸附速率和时间之间的关系,并探索其吸附机理[11]。由图3a显示,CHP在AB-8上的吸附在最初的60 min迅速增加,然后缓慢增加,直到大约480 min接近完全饱和,这可能是因为AB-8树脂的位点随着时间的推移逐渐被占据接近饱和[11]。采用伪一级动力学、伪二级动力学和颗粒内扩散模型拟合了吸附动力学曲线去阐明CHP在AB-8树脂上的吸附行为,相关拟合参数如表9所示。首先,二级动力学模型的R2值(0.9999)高于一级动力学模型(0.9028),这表明二级动力学更适合描述吸附过程。其次,二级动力学模型的理论qe值(1.9272 mg/g)与实验qe值(1.885 mg/g)更为接近,也证明其吸附过程存在多个限制因素[12]。在之前的研究中也观察到了类似的结果[11]。此外,颗粒内扩散模型可以揭示目标物质在树脂上的吸附过程。如图3d所示,颗粒内扩散模型显示出多重线性关系,分别表示CHP在AB-8树脂上吸附的三个阶段[27]:即CHP在树脂外表面的吸附(t1/2≈0~11)、CHP在树脂孔中的扩散(t1/2≈11~20.5)和CHP在树脂内的吸收(t1/2>20.5)。C为正值表明颗粒内扩散不是唯一的速率限制步骤,而是CHP吸附的主要速率限制因素,树脂外表面扩散也影响吸附过程[28]。Liu等[12]也得出相似结论:LSA-21树脂吸附甘草次碱受多种因素影响。
吸附等温线常被用来研究目标产物在树脂上的吸附能力与温度的关系,进而确定动态吸附条件下的最适浓度[29]。测定了三种不同温度(25、35和45 ℃)下CHP在AB-8树脂上的平衡吸附等温线(图4a),并采用Langmuir(图4b),Friedrich(图4c)和Temkin(图4d)模型来评价吸附行为。由图可知,吸附能力随温度的升高而降低,说明高温不利于CHP在AB-8树脂上的吸附。在特定温度下,吸附能力随着初始浓度的增加而迅速增加,当浓度 > 9.10 mg/L后逐渐趋于平缓,表明树脂位点逐渐被占据,吸附缓慢进行直至到达饱和[11]。
吸附等温线的相关参数如表10所示。在不同温度下,三种模型均表现出良好的相关性,Langmuir模型的R2值远高于Friedrich模型和Temkin模型,表明CHP在AB-8树脂上的吸附为单分子层吸附。qm、KL和KF随温度升高呈现下降趋势,表明低温下有利于吸附的进行,进而说明CHP在AB-8树脂上的吸附为放热过程。除此之外,0<1/n<0.5,表明吸附易于进行,1/n随温度升高呈降低趋势,表明高温不利于吸附进行[29]。Hou等[14]也得出了相似结论:NKA-Ⅱ树脂吸附斑蝥多酚为单分子层吸附的放热过程。
利用吸附热力学可以研究AB-8树脂吸附前后体系的能量变化,并通过计算热力学相关参数判断吸附过程是否可以自发进行[30]。如表11所示,ΔG < 0表明吸附可自发进行,且在25 ℃下平衡常数最大,表明吸附的自发性在低温下最大,低温下利于吸附进行,和吸附等温线结果一致(图4)。ΔH < 0,且|ΔH| < 43 kJ/mol,表明吸附过程为物理吸附,作用力为范德华力。ΔS>0表明吸附是一个熵驱动的放热反应。
粗提液经过初步富集后,采用LC-Q-TOF/MS2对纯化液中的化合物进行鉴定。LC-MS2耦合色谱分离是常用于表征多酚等天然产物的工具,可以基于前体离子和碎片离子的存在初步鉴定多酚类物质[31−32]。如表12所示,负离子模式下共鉴定出17种多酚类化合物,组分分子式是在考虑高精度准分子加合离子如 [M-H]− 和 [M+COOH]− 的情况下建立,质量误差阈值为0.0005%[7]。分子离子m/z 289初步确定该化合物是儿茶素类,碎片离子分别为245和191,表明化合物分别为表儿茶素和儿茶素。李姝琪[33]和赵悦等[13]也从欧李中鉴定出了儿茶素、表儿茶素和绿原酸等物质。
多酚类物质的抗氧化活性通常通过其清除自由基的能力来评估,自由基具有天生不稳定,寿命短的特性,极易发生氧化反应进而干扰细胞的新陈代谢,阻碍细胞正常生长[34]。酚类化合物主要通过结构中供氢和单电子转移至自由基来达抗氧化效果[35]。VC为阳性对照组、CHP的体外抗氧化活性(DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除和FRAP)如图5所示,即随着CHP/VC浓度升高,提取物DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除活性均增加。在相同浓度下,CHP对ABTS+ 自由基的清除能力优于VC。这种现象可能是因为酚类物质具有供氢的抗氧化特性[36]。SC50值越低,表明其抗氧化能力越强[37]。CHP对DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除的SC50值分别为0.059 mg/mL和0.032 mg/mL,这些特性对活性氧具有高度反应性,并被认为是其抗氧化的基础[38]。除此之外,在相同浓度下,对ABTS+自由基的清除能力优于DPPH。徐璐瑶等[21]、Liu等[30]也获得了相似的研究结果:其目标产物对ABTS+自由基的清除能力均优于DPPH。
本研究通过脉冲超声辅助NADES提取法提取CHP,结合单因素实验和正交试验确定了pr-UAE-NADES对CHP最佳提取工艺:CC-CIT为最佳提取CHP溶剂,料液比1:50(g/mL)、超声功率420 W、NADES含水率35%(V/V)、脉冲超声时间提取30 min,此最优条件下CHP提取量为491.25 mg/100 g DW,优于传统提取方法(P<0.05),为CHP确定了一种更为绿色高效的提取方法。AB-8被筛选为富集CHP的最优树脂,二级动力学模型(R2=0.9997)最适合描述其吸附过程;等温线实验表明CHP在AB-8上的吸附方式为单分子层吸附,且整个过程为熵驱动的放热过程。经LC-MS2鉴定出包括绿原酸、儿茶素和表儿茶素在内的17种多酚类化合物。抗氧化能力测试表明,CHP对DPPH、ABTS+自由基均具有良好的清除活性和较强的还原能力。本研究为CHP的绿色和高效制备提供了实验基础,还展示了其在食品和药物领域的应用。

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2026年第47卷第4期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030264
  • 接收时间:2025-03-19
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-19
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    1天津农学院食品科学与生物工程学院,天津 300384
    2九江学院药学与生命科学学院,九江市食品加工与安全重点实验室,九江市鲤科重要经济鱼类保护及开发重点实验室,江西九江 332000

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张爱琳(1977−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品质量与安全,E-mail:。
江慎华(1973−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品营养学,农副产品精深加工,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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