Article(id=1320889887675498731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320889471592149951, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040187, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744819200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854290169, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854290169, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854290169, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854290169, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320889471592149951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771084800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854190967, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854190967, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=25, endPage=35, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889887897796844, articleId=1320889887675498731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of Sodium Nitroprusside Treatment on Storage Quality and Flavor Profile in Fresh-cut Purple Potatoes, columnId=1261336279195726298, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Papers Invited by Guest Editors, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) treatment on storage quality and flavor changes in fresh-cut purple potatoes, fresh-cut samples were treated with 0.1 mmol·L−1 SNP and stored at 4 ℃ for 8 days. Regular sampling was conducted to measure color parameters, soluble solid content, cooking loss rate, water status and distribution, antioxidant enzyme activities, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total anthocyanin content, and volatile organic compound profiles during storage. The results indicated that SNP treatment effectively delayed color deterioration and reduced internal water mobility in fresh-cut purple potatoes. Furthermore, the treatment modulated antioxidant enzyme activities during later storage periods. By the end of storage, total phenolic, total flavonoid, and total anthocyanin contents in SNP-treated samples were found to be 1.11 fold, 1.44 fold, and 1.22 fold higher than those in the control group, respectively, thereby enhancing antioxidant capacity. Analysis of volatile organic compounds demonstrated that SNP treatment mitigated off-odors primarily by suppressing the formation of aldehydes, particularly hexanal. In conclusion, SNP treatment maintained storage quality and antioxidant capacity while preserving desirable flavor attributes in fresh-cut purple potatoes. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the application of sodium nitroprusside in fresh-cut fruit and vegetable preservation.

, authors=Chaoqi HAN1, Linnan WANG1, Yang ZHAO1, Zhupeng ZHANG1, Wenxiu WANG1, 2, Qianyun MA1, 2, Jianfeng SUN1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=Chaoqi HAN, Linnan WANG, Yang ZHAO, Zhupeng ZHANG, Wenxiu WANG, Qianyun MA, Jianfeng SUN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jianfeng SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889890447933689, articleId=1320889887675498731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=硝普钠处理对鲜切紫马铃薯贮藏品质与风味特征的影响, columnId=1261336280563069408, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=特邀主编专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了探究硝普钠(Sodium nitroprusside,SNP)处理对鲜切紫马铃薯贮藏品质和风味变化的影响。本研究以鲜切紫马铃薯为研究对象,采用0.1 mmol·L−1 SNP进行处理并于4 ℃下冷藏8 d,定期取样测定鲜切紫马铃薯贮藏期间的颜色、可溶性固形物含量、蒸煮损失率、水分状态与分布、抗氧化酶活性、总酚含量、总黄酮含量、总花色苷含量及挥发性有机化合物的变化情况。结果表明,SNP处理有效地延缓了鲜切紫马铃薯贮藏期间的颜色变化,并降低了内部水分的流动性。此外,SNP处理调节了贮藏后期的抗氧化酶活性,同时在贮藏结束时,SNP处理组中总酚、总黄酮和总花色苷的含量分别为对照组的1.11、1.44和1.22倍,这提升了鲜切紫马铃薯贮藏期间的抗氧化能力。挥发性有机化合物的分析结果则表明,硝普钠处理主要通过抑制醛类物质尤其是己醛的产生来改善鲜切紫马铃薯在贮藏期间产生的异味。总之,SNP处理能够保持鲜切紫马铃薯的贮藏品质和抗氧化能力,同时维持良好的风味,研究结果在一定程度上为硝普钠在鲜切果蔬中的应用提供了理论依据。

, authors=韩朝淇1, 王林楠1, 赵扬1, 张主鹏1, 王文秀1, 2, 马倩云1, 2, 孙剑锋1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=韩朝淇, 王林楠, 赵扬, 张主鹏, 王文秀, 马倩云, 孙剑锋, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=孙剑锋, authorNote=

韩朝淇(2000−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:果蔬贮藏与保鲜,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
孙剑锋(1979−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品加工技术,E-mail:。
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韩朝淇(2000−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:果蔬贮藏与保鲜,E-mail:

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韩朝淇(2000−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:果蔬贮藏与保鲜,E-mail:

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Food Chemistry, 2022, 369: 130939., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320889890678620410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889887675498731, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889890687009019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889887675498731, companyId=1320889890678620410, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889890695397628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889887675498731, companyId=1320889890678620410, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1河北农业大学食品科技学院,河北保定 071000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320889890758312189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889887675498731, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889890770895102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889887675498731, companyId=1320889890758312189, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Hebei Technology Innovation Centre of Agricultural Products Processing, Baoding 071000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889890779283711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889887675498731, companyId=1320889890758312189, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2河北省农产品加工技术创新中心,河北保定 071000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320889890842198272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889887675498731, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889890850586881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889887675498731, companyId=1320889890842198272, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Hebei Potato Processing Technology Innovation Center, Zhangjiakou 076576, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889890858975490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889887675498731, companyId=1320889890842198272, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3河北省马铃薯加工技术创新中心,河北张家口 076576)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320889895082639668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889887675498731, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (A) and T2-weighted MRI images (B) of fresh-cut purple potatoes during storage, figureFileSmall=+LgD9lmrGzw5hTA/EJtf3w==, figureFileBig=iVCsaMOZhNv93+iGNvHZbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889895158137141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889887675498731, language=CN, label=图1, caption=鲜切紫马铃薯贮藏期间的低场核磁共振波谱(A)和T2加权MRI图像(B), figureFileSmall=+LgD9lmrGzw5hTA/EJtf3w==, figureFileBig=iVCsaMOZhNv93+iGNvHZbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889895388823862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889887675498731, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of control and SNP treatments on the activities of PAL (A), POD (B), PPO (C), SOD (D), CAT (E) and APX (F) of fresh-cut purple potatoes during storage, figureFileSmall=9xSJ50oFfaA6xJd01M2nKw==, figureFileBig=PvCTPWuXcUQkbb2YgRRZNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889895455932727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889887675498731, language=CN, label=图2, caption=对照和SNP处理对鲜切紫马铃薯贮藏期间PAL(A)、POD(B)、PPO(C)、SOD(D)、CAT(E)和APX(F)活性的影响

注:不同大写字母表示相同处理的不同时间点的值之间的显著差异(P<0.05),不同小写字母表示不同处理在同一时间点的值有显著差异(P<0.05);图3同。

, figureFileSmall=9xSJ50oFfaA6xJd01M2nKw==, figureFileBig=PvCTPWuXcUQkbb2YgRRZNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889895535624504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889887675498731, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of control and SNP treatments on total phenol content (A), total flavone content (B) and total anthocyanin content (C) of fresh-cut purple potatoes during storage, figureFileSmall=BI1m2ar+do4Lzhm6tlSk5A==, figureFileBig=yNPxA35NEBRiql0DdOgK1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889895627899193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889887675498731, language=CN, label=图3, caption=对照和SNP处理对鲜切紫马铃薯贮藏期间总酚含量(A)、总黄酮含量(B)和总花色苷含量(C)的影响, figureFileSmall=BI1m2ar+do4Lzhm6tlSk5A==, figureFileBig=yNPxA35NEBRiql0DdOgK1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889895745339706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889887675498731, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Fingerprint of volatile organic compounds in fresh-cut purple potatoes during storage, figureFileSmall=rmrPOpCLje7XqL0/f6iznQ==, figureFileBig=Eq+WJPbdcaaiwoZm3mukTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889895820837179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889887675498731, language=CN, label=图4, caption=鲜切紫马铃薯贮藏期间挥发性有机化合物的指纹图谱, figureFileSmall=rmrPOpCLje7XqL0/f6iznQ==, figureFileBig=Eq+WJPbdcaaiwoZm3mukTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889895900528956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889887675498731, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Three-dimensional PCA analysis of volatile organic compounds in fresh-cut purple potatoes during storage, figureFileSmall=WT5DUK1tD3I5A4ogev1ugw==, figureFileBig=jGES8TyC4ASpI8HkAYfi2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889895971832125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889887675498731, language=CN, label=图5, caption=鲜切紫马铃薯贮藏期间挥发性有机化合物的三维PCA分析, figureFileSmall=WT5DUK1tD3I5A4ogev1ugw==, figureFileBig=jGES8TyC4ASpI8HkAYfi2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889896038940990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889887675498731, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effects of different treatments on L*, a*, b*, soluble solids and cooking loss of fresh-cut purple potatoes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标处理0 d2 d4 d6 d8 d
L*CK38.58±0.94Aa32.14±0.27Ba29.66±0.20BCb28.05±0.12CDb26.32±2.45Da
SNP36.64±0.97Aa34.11±1.38Ba31.24±0.64Ca30.18±0.27CDa29.01±0.30Da
a*CK29.10±0.83Da38.57±0.49Ca41.52±1.19BCa45.03±0.74ABa48.10±2.60Aa
SNP30.00±0.78Da34.53±0.08Cb38.51±2.00Ba40.90±0.17Bb44.41±1.17Aa
b*CK−20.39±0.94Da−15.54±0.59Ca−13.38±0.30Ba−11.81±0.33Aa−10.50±0.25Aa
SNP−19.41±0.47Da−16.81±0.34Cb−14.60±0.03Bb−14.22±0.30Bb−12.52±0.14Ab
TSS(%)CK6.24±0.15Aa6.00±0.52Aa5.89±0.83Aa5.77±0.61Aa5.54±0.67Aa
SNP6.27±0.46Aa6.20±0.35ABa6.04±0.17ABa5.87±0.42ABa5.79±0.72Ba
蒸煮损失率(%)CK7.84±0.15Ca8.80±0.32BCa9.33±0.24ABa9.88±0.76ABa10.25±0.54Aa
SNP7.87±0.10Ca8.31±0.03BCa8.89±0.58ABCa9.08±0.67ABa9.63±0.32Aa
), ArticleFig(id=1320889896282210623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889887675498731, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同处理对鲜切马铃薯贮藏期间L*、a*、b*、可溶性固形物和蒸煮损失率的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标处理0 d2 d4 d6 d8 d
L*CK38.58±0.94Aa32.14±0.27Ba29.66±0.20BCb28.05±0.12CDb26.32±2.45Da
SNP36.64±0.97Aa34.11±1.38Ba31.24±0.64Ca30.18±0.27CDa29.01±0.30Da
a*CK29.10±0.83Da38.57±0.49Ca41.52±1.19BCa45.03±0.74ABa48.10±2.60Aa
SNP30.00±0.78Da34.53±0.08Cb38.51±2.00Ba40.90±0.17Bb44.41±1.17Aa
b*CK−20.39±0.94Da−15.54±0.59Ca−13.38±0.30Ba−11.81±0.33Aa−10.50±0.25Aa
SNP−19.41±0.47Da−16.81±0.34Cb−14.60±0.03Bb−14.22±0.30Bb−12.52±0.14Ab
TSS(%)CK6.24±0.15Aa6.00±0.52Aa5.89±0.83Aa5.77±0.61Aa5.54±0.67Aa
SNP6.27±0.46Aa6.20±0.35ABa6.04±0.17ABa5.87±0.42ABa5.79±0.72Ba
蒸煮损失率(%)CK7.84±0.15Ca8.80±0.32BCa9.33±0.24ABa9.88±0.76ABa10.25±0.54Aa
SNP7.87±0.10Ca8.31±0.03BCa8.89±0.58ABCa9.08±0.67ABa9.63±0.32Aa
), ArticleFig(id=1320889896353513792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889887675498731, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Volatile organic compounds in fresh-cut purple potatoes with different treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类化合物CAS号化学式保留时间(s)迁移时间(a.u.)峰体积(a.u.)
CK-0SNP-0CK-4SNP-4CK-8SNP-8
醇类(11)     
 α-甲基苯甲醇C98851C8H10O639.3981.189881950.17935.093502.003319.143178.042376.53
 1-辛醇C111875C8H18O547.2931.47154309.43297.23388.64368.79387.80359.28
 2,3-丁二醇C513859C4H10O2252.731.366286329.036205.559735.138234.029506.308297.24
 5-甲基-2-呋喃甲醇C3857258C6H8O2406.4271.263012203.402082.362163.242156.251989.751881.76
 2-己醇C626937C6H14O466.5591.56894242.40199.35303.64246.86369.40262.18
 2-甲基-1-戊醇C105306C6H14O241.5481.583892271.342248.012358.782362.612636.662661.50
 3-辛烯-1-醇C20125842C8H16O612.3091.74087400.80470.75363.14298.01259.25273.97
5-辛烯-1-醇C64275736C8H16O673.1711.680522228.671993.354452.073887.126198.014367.75
2-苯基乙醇C60128C8H10O717.5771.64774598.31315.22625.98836.12979.461201.97
庚醇C53535334C7H16O422.8511.39618461.56266.31629.71759.44702.42548.52
戊-2-醇C6032297C5H12O210.4481.432042797.392968.961549.991578.011731.961730.90
醛类(12)     
 (E)-庚-2-烯醛C18829555C7H12O447.181.258811411.571336.561297.471448.321217.831144.59
 2-甲基丁醛C96173C5H10O189.1321.4021511600.7612729.5211440.5311327.2113112.6612929.8
 3-甲基丁醛C590863C5H10O142.6571.20606298.92291.87374.44395.45464.87359.16
 苯甲醛C100527C7H6O421.1581.46215741.33509.43965.83913.54965.57898.72
 丁醛C123728C4H8O130.0771.133137349.217342.591783.432507.082424.511594.75
 庚醛C111717C7H14O417.2341.69944976.775067.154629.323354.013384.803359.13
 己醛C66251C6H12O273.4361.255982247.182237.362445.242042.492332.541921.10
 壬醛C124196C9H18O792.4781.4746604.09696.621052.67983.951298.531249.66
 辛醛C124130C8H16O573.7731.39734721.99771.631010.261046.141183.781114.07
 戊醛C110623C5H10O178.31.17856401.31415.23478.66568.33529.84548.79
 苯乙醛C122781C8H8O587.5991.2553315026.6515099.6117201.7614530.9217680.3614287.9
 反式-2-己烯醛C6728263C6H10O270.0661.511932513.142072.411969.862232.942095.762023.29
酮类(11)     
 2,3-戊二酮C600146C5H8O2170.9611.292151264.911083.5261078.081003.13504.561220.72
 2-壬酮C821556C9H18O630.1921.401991308.581417.961186.44938.941142.001081.15
 2-辛酮C111137C8H16O427.3451.330973426.413654.062827.182811.932633.012823.27
 3-巯基-2-丁酮C40789988C4H8OS267.4441.436931811.311778.781963.561869.791730.661984.80
 3-戊酮C96220C5H10O166.0691.347153370.843018.391203.051376.16987.831649.11
 3-戊烯-2-酮C625332C5H8O200.6641.07813195.98212.69244.29248.62250.21188.13
 2,6-二甲基-4-庚酮C108838C9H18O387.1821.32558124.66104.93209.54227.26488.34282.71
苯乙酮C98862C8H8O685.81.56955361.19152.53625.79547.69754.31678.52
二氢-2-呋喃酮C96480C4H6O2360.9751.30169608.44478.99401.71354.72402.65364.76
庚烷-2-酮C110430C7H14O376.7911.63909239.88269.47560.56425.53757.27650.87
甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮C110930C8H14O485.7631.17611136.151074.091089.961627.741426.421377.26
酯类(8)      
 3-己烯-1-醇甲酸酯C33467731C7H12O2398.5111.180991663.931636.381909.011231.921894.521546.92
 乙酸丁酯C123864C6H12O2240.851.23503336.40340.85416.05538.44488.07433.17
 己-3-烯酸乙酯C2396830C8H14O2528.8721.258025146.075137.985577.225911.484748.394865.57
 己酸乙酯C123660C8H16O2501.6071.34385146.075137.985577.225911.4834748.394865.57
 异硫氰酸异丁酯C591822C5H9NS423.2261.536382325.791273.302846.122200.382339.622462.10
 戊酸甲酯C624248C6H12O2291.4111.5657215404.4015203.4312491.9412504.8311165.9911238.57
 乙酸戊酯C628637C7H14O2307.5131.75972759.86666.80907.05719.16883.02658.14
丁酸戊酯C540181C9H18O2686.9351.41316594.98643.14226.79310.96347.94424.20
烃类(8)     
 异丁烷C78842C4H8O112.9551.26704418.29332.17785.89848.36682.38615.48
 八甲基环四硅氧烷C556672C8H24O4Si4520.0451.668418458.937911.067893.279141.626130.906276.76
 (R)-α-蒎烯C7785708C10H16377.5371.22298286.36287.23491.27462.59578.05466.13
 α-水芹烯C99832C10H16618.0171.67547502.49459.76447.70625.61537.62469.33
 4-异丙烯基-1-甲基环己烯C138863C10H16609.081.224713436.194443.785995.424240.116284.123911.37
 二丙烯基二硫化物C2179579C6H10S2692.3591.194421072.12728.511629.341295.231039.251120.25
异戊二烯C78795C5H8111.5571.20487457.56231.87631.80614.55630.20590.33
呋喃类(2)
 2,5-二甲基呋喃C625865C6H8O197.0311.35712550.28547.99365.34358.50354.03537.01
 2-乙基呋喃C3208160C6H8O185.9871.313674135.914218.144595.934601.843843.953829.34
酸类(8)     
 1-苯丙氨酸C4221981C10H16485.0641.22673502.49459.76447.70625.61537.62469.33
 2-乙基丁酸C88095C6H12O2387.8231.55995889.44883.02719.80978.16872.12809.50
 2-甲基丁酸C116530C5H10O2285.0451.46628722.94718.75740.56638.54751.98801.51
 2-甲基丙酸C79312C4H8O2210.0981.385412426.592385.721731.661740.711851.392048.96
乙酸C64197C2H4O2158.7311.076931205.021062.271512.971218.491051.921091.08
(E)-3-己烯酸C1577180C6H10O2486.6031.61791535.69484.41916.26971.111117.97915.66
2-庚烯酸C18999285C7H12O2905.9651.413161322.661025.801138.811455.091054.30927.71
3-辛烯酸C1577191C8H14O2792.4781.887911084.431147.411082.57773.40977.62787.60
吡嗪类(4)
2,5-二甲基吡嗪C123320C6H8N2379.4121.11252340.05324.35589.38447.77606.11487.52
2-乙酰基吡嗪C22047252C6H6N2O550.7091.151151135.741166.221739.991647.791860.441649.85
2-乙基-5-甲基吡嗪C13360640C7H10N2465.5221.20479655.75602.86835.38749.89939.80707.58
3-仲丁基-2-甲氧基吡嗪C24168705C9H14N2O715.3071.733382748.402064.043596.312730.592390.111785.11
乙基吡嗪C13925003C6H8N2355.821.515194065.213879.266167.246206.865397.244831.88
其它(7)
乙偶姻C513860C4H8O2203.8091.30655625.575541.548737.608887.259322.249236.67
二甲基二硫C624920C2H6S2199.2661.00639635.63573.80476.06506.26336.06304.53
邻甲酚C95487C7H8O573.8731.11273292.49418.08193.47173.74205.66225.61
苯酚C108952C6H6O431.4641.09132607.82280.77771.861056.711182.22802.62
2,4,5-三甲基噻唑C13623115C6H9NS510.6071.1406126.25127.04370.89188.07464.89262.81
噻吩C110021C4H4S175.5041.067371335.481354.151070.21901.531000.68917.70
2-甲酰基吡咯C1003298C5H5NO505.7291.08954455.20361.13470.60373.49464.44424.27
), ArticleFig(id=1320889896454177089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889887675498731, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同处理鲜切紫马铃薯中的挥发性有机物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类化合物CAS号化学式保留时间(s)迁移时间(a.u.)峰体积(a.u.)
CK-0SNP-0CK-4SNP-4CK-8SNP-8
醇类(11)     
 α-甲基苯甲醇C98851C8H10O639.3981.189881950.17935.093502.003319.143178.042376.53
 1-辛醇C111875C8H18O547.2931.47154309.43297.23388.64368.79387.80359.28
 2,3-丁二醇C513859C4H10O2252.731.366286329.036205.559735.138234.029506.308297.24
 5-甲基-2-呋喃甲醇C3857258C6H8O2406.4271.263012203.402082.362163.242156.251989.751881.76
 2-己醇C626937C6H14O466.5591.56894242.40199.35303.64246.86369.40262.18
 2-甲基-1-戊醇C105306C6H14O241.5481.583892271.342248.012358.782362.612636.662661.50
 3-辛烯-1-醇C20125842C8H16O612.3091.74087400.80470.75363.14298.01259.25273.97
5-辛烯-1-醇C64275736C8H16O673.1711.680522228.671993.354452.073887.126198.014367.75
2-苯基乙醇C60128C8H10O717.5771.64774598.31315.22625.98836.12979.461201.97
庚醇C53535334C7H16O422.8511.39618461.56266.31629.71759.44702.42548.52
戊-2-醇C6032297C5H12O210.4481.432042797.392968.961549.991578.011731.961730.90
醛类(12)     
 (E)-庚-2-烯醛C18829555C7H12O447.181.258811411.571336.561297.471448.321217.831144.59
 2-甲基丁醛C96173C5H10O189.1321.4021511600.7612729.5211440.5311327.2113112.6612929.8
 3-甲基丁醛C590863C5H10O142.6571.20606298.92291.87374.44395.45464.87359.16
 苯甲醛C100527C7H6O421.1581.46215741.33509.43965.83913.54965.57898.72
 丁醛C123728C4H8O130.0771.133137349.217342.591783.432507.082424.511594.75
 庚醛C111717C7H14O417.2341.69944976.775067.154629.323354.013384.803359.13
 己醛C66251C6H12O273.4361.255982247.182237.362445.242042.492332.541921.10
 壬醛C124196C9H18O792.4781.4746604.09696.621052.67983.951298.531249.66
 辛醛C124130C8H16O573.7731.39734721.99771.631010.261046.141183.781114.07
 戊醛C110623C5H10O178.31.17856401.31415.23478.66568.33529.84548.79
 苯乙醛C122781C8H8O587.5991.2553315026.6515099.6117201.7614530.9217680.3614287.9
 反式-2-己烯醛C6728263C6H10O270.0661.511932513.142072.411969.862232.942095.762023.29
酮类(11)     
 2,3-戊二酮C600146C5H8O2170.9611.292151264.911083.5261078.081003.13504.561220.72
 2-壬酮C821556C9H18O630.1921.401991308.581417.961186.44938.941142.001081.15
 2-辛酮C111137C8H16O427.3451.330973426.413654.062827.182811.932633.012823.27
 3-巯基-2-丁酮C40789988C4H8OS267.4441.436931811.311778.781963.561869.791730.661984.80
 3-戊酮C96220C5H10O166.0691.347153370.843018.391203.051376.16987.831649.11
 3-戊烯-2-酮C625332C5H8O200.6641.07813195.98212.69244.29248.62250.21188.13
 2,6-二甲基-4-庚酮C108838C9H18O387.1821.32558124.66104.93209.54227.26488.34282.71
苯乙酮C98862C8H8O685.81.56955361.19152.53625.79547.69754.31678.52
二氢-2-呋喃酮C96480C4H6O2360.9751.30169608.44478.99401.71354.72402.65364.76
庚烷-2-酮C110430C7H14O376.7911.63909239.88269.47560.56425.53757.27650.87
甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮C110930C8H14O485.7631.17611136.151074.091089.961627.741426.421377.26
酯类(8)      
 3-己烯-1-醇甲酸酯C33467731C7H12O2398.5111.180991663.931636.381909.011231.921894.521546.92
 乙酸丁酯C123864C6H12O2240.851.23503336.40340.85416.05538.44488.07433.17
 己-3-烯酸乙酯C2396830C8H14O2528.8721.258025146.075137.985577.225911.484748.394865.57
 己酸乙酯C123660C8H16O2501.6071.34385146.075137.985577.225911.4834748.394865.57
 异硫氰酸异丁酯C591822C5H9NS423.2261.536382325.791273.302846.122200.382339.622462.10
 戊酸甲酯C624248C6H12O2291.4111.5657215404.4015203.4312491.9412504.8311165.9911238.57
 乙酸戊酯C628637C7H14O2307.5131.75972759.86666.80907.05719.16883.02658.14
丁酸戊酯C540181C9H18O2686.9351.41316594.98643.14226.79310.96347.94424.20
烃类(8)     
 异丁烷C78842C4H8O112.9551.26704418.29332.17785.89848.36682.38615.48
 八甲基环四硅氧烷C556672C8H24O4Si4520.0451.668418458.937911.067893.279141.626130.906276.76
 (R)-α-蒎烯C7785708C10H16377.5371.22298286.36287.23491.27462.59578.05466.13
 α-水芹烯C99832C10H16618.0171.67547502.49459.76447.70625.61537.62469.33
 4-异丙烯基-1-甲基环己烯C138863C10H16609.081.224713436.194443.785995.424240.116284.123911.37
 二丙烯基二硫化物C2179579C6H10S2692.3591.194421072.12728.511629.341295.231039.251120.25
异戊二烯C78795C5H8111.5571.20487457.56231.87631.80614.55630.20590.33
呋喃类(2)
 2,5-二甲基呋喃C625865C6H8O197.0311.35712550.28547.99365.34358.50354.03537.01
 2-乙基呋喃C3208160C6H8O185.9871.313674135.914218.144595.934601.843843.953829.34
酸类(8)     
 1-苯丙氨酸C4221981C10H16485.0641.22673502.49459.76447.70625.61537.62469.33
 2-乙基丁酸C88095C6H12O2387.8231.55995889.44883.02719.80978.16872.12809.50
 2-甲基丁酸C116530C5H10O2285.0451.46628722.94718.75740.56638.54751.98801.51
 2-甲基丙酸C79312C4H8O2210.0981.385412426.592385.721731.661740.711851.392048.96
乙酸C64197C2H4O2158.7311.076931205.021062.271512.971218.491051.921091.08
(E)-3-己烯酸C1577180C6H10O2486.6031.61791535.69484.41916.26971.111117.97915.66
2-庚烯酸C18999285C7H12O2905.9651.413161322.661025.801138.811455.091054.30927.71
3-辛烯酸C1577191C8H14O2792.4781.887911084.431147.411082.57773.40977.62787.60
吡嗪类(4)
2,5-二甲基吡嗪C123320C6H8N2379.4121.11252340.05324.35589.38447.77606.11487.52
2-乙酰基吡嗪C22047252C6H6N2O550.7091.151151135.741166.221739.991647.791860.441649.85
2-乙基-5-甲基吡嗪C13360640C7H10N2465.5221.20479655.75602.86835.38749.89939.80707.58
3-仲丁基-2-甲氧基吡嗪C24168705C9H14N2O715.3071.733382748.402064.043596.312730.592390.111785.11
乙基吡嗪C13925003C6H8N2355.821.515194065.213879.266167.246206.865397.244831.88
其它(7)
乙偶姻C513860C4H8O2203.8091.30655625.575541.548737.608887.259322.249236.67
二甲基二硫C624920C2H6S2199.2661.00639635.63573.80476.06506.26336.06304.53
邻甲酚C95487C7H8O573.8731.11273292.49418.08193.47173.74205.66225.61
苯酚C108952C6H6O431.4641.09132607.82280.77771.861056.711182.22802.62
2,4,5-三甲基噻唑C13623115C6H9NS510.6071.1406126.25127.04370.89188.07464.89262.81
噻吩C110021C4H4S175.5041.067371335.481354.151070.21901.531000.68917.70
2-甲酰基吡咯C1003298C5H5NO505.7291.08954455.20361.13470.60373.49464.44424.27
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硝普钠处理对鲜切紫马铃薯贮藏品质与风味特征的影响
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韩朝淇 1 , 王林楠 1 , 赵扬 1 , 张主鹏 1 , 王文秀 1, 2 , 马倩云 1, 2 , 孙剑锋 1, 2, 3, *
食品工业科技 | 特邀主编专栏 2026,47(4): 25-35
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食品工业科技 |特邀主编专栏 2026 , 47 (4) : 25 -35
硝普钠处理对鲜切紫马铃薯贮藏品质与风味特征的影响
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韩朝淇1 , 王林楠1, 赵扬1, 张主鹏1, 王文秀1, 2, 马倩云1, 2, 孙剑锋1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1河北农业大学食品科技学院,河北保定 071000
  • 2河北省农产品加工技术创新中心,河北保定 071000
  • 3河北省马铃薯加工技术创新中心,河北张家口 076576
通讯作者:
孙剑锋(1979−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品加工技术,E-mail:。
作者简介:

韩朝淇(2000−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:果蔬贮藏与保鲜,E-mail:

Effects of Sodium Nitroprusside Treatment on Storage Quality and Flavor Profile in Fresh-cut Purple Potatoes
Chaoqi HAN1 , Linnan WANG1, Yang ZHAO1, Zhupeng ZHANG1, Wenxiu WANG1, 2, Qianyun MA1, 2, Jianfeng SUN1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
  • 2Hebei Technology Innovation Centre of Agricultural Products Processing, Baoding 071000, China
  • 3Hebei Potato Processing Technology Innovation Center, Zhangjiakou 076576, China
出版时间: 2026-02-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040187
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为了探究硝普钠(Sodium nitroprusside,SNP)处理对鲜切紫马铃薯贮藏品质和风味变化的影响。本研究以鲜切紫马铃薯为研究对象,采用0.1 mmol·L−1 SNP进行处理并于4 ℃下冷藏8 d,定期取样测定鲜切紫马铃薯贮藏期间的颜色、可溶性固形物含量、蒸煮损失率、水分状态与分布、抗氧化酶活性、总酚含量、总黄酮含量、总花色苷含量及挥发性有机化合物的变化情况。结果表明,SNP处理有效地延缓了鲜切紫马铃薯贮藏期间的颜色变化,并降低了内部水分的流动性。此外,SNP处理调节了贮藏后期的抗氧化酶活性,同时在贮藏结束时,SNP处理组中总酚、总黄酮和总花色苷的含量分别为对照组的1.11、1.44和1.22倍,这提升了鲜切紫马铃薯贮藏期间的抗氧化能力。挥发性有机化合物的分析结果则表明,硝普钠处理主要通过抑制醛类物质尤其是己醛的产生来改善鲜切紫马铃薯在贮藏期间产生的异味。总之,SNP处理能够保持鲜切紫马铃薯的贮藏品质和抗氧化能力,同时维持良好的风味,研究结果在一定程度上为硝普钠在鲜切果蔬中的应用提供了理论依据。

紫马铃薯  /  鲜切  /  硝普钠  /  贮藏品质  /  风味

To investigate the effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) treatment on storage quality and flavor changes in fresh-cut purple potatoes, fresh-cut samples were treated with 0.1 mmol·L−1 SNP and stored at 4 ℃ for 8 days. Regular sampling was conducted to measure color parameters, soluble solid content, cooking loss rate, water status and distribution, antioxidant enzyme activities, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total anthocyanin content, and volatile organic compound profiles during storage. The results indicated that SNP treatment effectively delayed color deterioration and reduced internal water mobility in fresh-cut purple potatoes. Furthermore, the treatment modulated antioxidant enzyme activities during later storage periods. By the end of storage, total phenolic, total flavonoid, and total anthocyanin contents in SNP-treated samples were found to be 1.11 fold, 1.44 fold, and 1.22 fold higher than those in the control group, respectively, thereby enhancing antioxidant capacity. Analysis of volatile organic compounds demonstrated that SNP treatment mitigated off-odors primarily by suppressing the formation of aldehydes, particularly hexanal. In conclusion, SNP treatment maintained storage quality and antioxidant capacity while preserving desirable flavor attributes in fresh-cut purple potatoes. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the application of sodium nitroprusside in fresh-cut fruit and vegetable preservation.

purple potatoes  /  fresh-cut  /  sodium nitroprusside  /  storage quality  /  flavor
韩朝淇, 王林楠, 赵扬, 张主鹏, 王文秀, 马倩云, 孙剑锋. 硝普钠处理对鲜切紫马铃薯贮藏品质与风味特征的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (4) : 25 -35 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040187
Chaoqi HAN, Linnan WANG, Yang ZHAO, Zhupeng ZHANG, Wenxiu WANG, Qianyun MA, Jianfeng SUN. Effects of Sodium Nitroprusside Treatment on Storage Quality and Flavor Profile in Fresh-cut Purple Potatoes[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (4) : 25 -35 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040187
近年来,由于消费理念的变化,方便和即食食品逐渐受到消费者的青睐,鲜切果蔬产品也因此越来越得到餐饮行业的重视。然而,果蔬的组织细胞在切割作用下易被破坏,导致细胞内容物暴露在空气中。这会加快果蔬的呼吸速率并且使果蔬细胞的生理代谢紊乱,导致营养物质的消耗,这是引起果蔬的褐变、质地变软和衰老的一个重要原因[1]。紫马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)是马铃薯的一个亚种,其皮呈黑紫色,肉质呈深紫色,与普通马铃薯相比,不仅含有相应的营养物质,更重要的是其花青素含量高于黄白肉马铃薯。花青素具有很强的抗氧化活性,因此紫马铃薯抗氧化能力是普通马铃薯品种的数倍[2−3]。花青素还具有较好的抑癌、抑制衰老、护眼、护肝、降血糖、降血脂等功能[4]。同时与其他富含花青素的果蔬相比,紫马铃薯营养价值更高而且价格更为亲民,因此近年来越来越得到人们的关注。鲜切是紫马铃薯常见的加工方式之一,鲜切紫马铃薯具有广阔的发展前景。然而,鲜切处理过程中机械损伤引发的酶促褐变反应,同时伴随营养成分的流失以及不良风味的产生,这些品质劣变成为制约其产业化发展的主要瓶颈。这些不可逆的生理变化不仅造成产品价值的损失,更导致了生物活性物质的损耗。目前常见的保鲜方法过度依赖物理化学手段,未能充分结合植物自身抗病抗逆的生物学特性[5]。因此,开发新型保鲜技术已成为当前鲜切农产品加工领域亟待突破的关键技术难题。
硝普钠(Sodium nitroprusside,SNP)作为一氧化氮(Nitric oxide,NO)的供体,能够分解产生NO,影响果蔬中的多种生理代谢,具有较好的保鲜效果,能够延长新鲜果蔬的货架期,因此常被用于延缓鲜切水果和蔬菜的品质劣化。研究表明,SNP处理能够降低活性氧(Reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平而延缓采后胡萝卜的衰老[6],Sahu等[7]对于番石榴果实的研究也证实了这一点。此外,Ren等[8]发现SNP处理提高了芒果果实中超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)和过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)等抗氧化酶的活性,同时降低了脂氧合酶(Lipoxygenases,LOX)和多酚氧化酶(Polyphenol oxidase,PPO)的活性,从而通过调节抗氧化系统中关键酶的活性来改善芒果果实的品质。Dai等[9]关于鲜切马铃薯贮藏品质的研究中也报道了SNP对抗氧化防御关键酶的调节作用。然而,SNP对鲜切紫马铃薯的贮藏品质的影响尚不明确,同时,目前有关SNP的研究大多集中于其对果蔬贮藏品质、抗氧化相关酶活性及其基因表达等方面,鲜有研究报道SNP处理对鲜切果蔬风味劣变的影响。
为提升紫马铃薯的附加值,改善鲜切紫马铃薯贮藏品质并延长其货架期,本研究以0.1 mmol·L−1 SNP作为外源保鲜剂,对处理鲜切紫马铃薯贮藏期间的品质变化(色泽、蒸煮损失率和可溶性固形物含量)进行考察,并进一步对水分分布、抗氧化能力和挥发性有机化合物进行分析,研究SNP对鲜切紫马铃薯贮藏品质和风味特征的影响。
紫马铃薯(‘黑金刚’) 河北省保定市果蔬超市,紫马铃薯根据大小相近、成熟度均匀且无明显病虫害感染及机械损伤的原则进行选择;硝普钠(SNP) 分析纯,上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钠、氢氧化钠、氯化钠、硫代巴比妥酸、愈创木酚 分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司;过氧化氢、邻苯二酚、芦丁、硼酸钠 分析纯,上海源叶试剂有限公司;福林酚、硝酸铝 分析纯,上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;乙二胺四乙酸、L-苯丙氨酸、三氯乙酸 分析纯,天津市光复科技发展有限公司;乙醇、盐酸、β-巯基乙醇、没食子酸 分析纯,天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)试剂盒(货号BC0170)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)试剂盒(货号BC0205)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)试剂盒(货号BC0220) 北京索莱宝科技有限公司。
CR-400色差计 日本柯尼卡美能达公司;A11低温研磨仪 艾卡(广州)仪器设备有限公司;PAL-1手持式糖度仪 日本艾拓公司;T6紫外可见分光光度计 北京普析通用仪器有限公司;TMS-Pro质构仪 美国FTC公司;MesoMR12低场核磁共振分析仪 苏州纽迈分析仪器股份有限公司;FlavourSpec®气相色谱-离子迁移谱联用仪 德国G.A.S公司。
本研究所用的紫马铃薯样品采购后立即运输至河北农业大学食品科技学院实验室进行实验。前期研究用不同浓度的SNP处理鲜切紫马铃薯,结果发现0.1 mmol·L−1处理的样品具有更好的品质,因此本研究选用0.1 mmol·L−1的SNP浓度。实验过程中,将紫马铃薯切成5 mm左右的薄片并随机分为2组。通过排水法测定紫马铃薯切片体积,按切片体积:浸泡溶液体积=4:1(v/v)的比例,将切片浸没于处理溶液中,溶液体积以量筒精确量取(mL)。一组样品在0.1 mmol·L−1 SNP溶液中浸泡10 min作为处理组,记为SNP,另一组则浸泡在蒸馏水中同样为10 min作为对照,记为CK。随后,用无菌纱布擦去表面水分。最终,将样品置于自封袋中并分装至食品级聚丙烯保鲜盒(210 mm×150 mm×75 mm)中,并在4 ℃条件下储存8 d,每个处理组均设置3个重复。实验期间,每2 d取样测定其表观品质,并将样品在液氮中迅速冷冻,随后储存于−80 ℃的冰箱中以备后续分析。
用色度计进行测定。在测定样品之前,用白色校准板对色度计进行校准以确保测量的准确性。样品的颜色评估涉及亮度(L*,0~100表示从暗到亮)、红绿变化(a*,正值表示红色,负值表示绿色)和蓝黄色变化(b*,正值表示黄色,负值表示蓝色)[10]。
用手持式糖度仪进行测定,使用仪器前用蒸馏水进行校正,以保证测定的准确性。使用时将鲜切紫马铃薯均质后离心,收集上清液进行测定。
测定鲜切紫马铃薯片在贮藏前的质量(C0),随后将样品煮沸10 min,干燥后每隔2 d测定样品质量(C1)。煮沸并干燥后样品质量与初始样品质量之比即为蒸煮损失率,计算公式如式(1)所示:
$ {蒸煮损失率(\text{%})}=\frac{{\text{C}}_{\text{0}}-{\text{C}}_{\text{1}}}{{\text{C}}_{\text{0}}}\text{×100} $
参照苑丽婧等[11]的方法并稍作修改。将鲜切紫马铃薯分切为5 g左右,使用低场核磁共振分析仪中的Carr-Purcell-MeiboomGill(CPMG)脉冲序列进行测定。测定时设置的参数如下:主频为21 kHz,等待时间(TW)为3000 ms;回波时间(TE)为1 ms;模拟增益为20 dB,数字增益为3,回波个数(NECH)为9000,采样频率为125 kHz,扫描次数(NS)为8。
使用核磁共振成像(Magnetic Resonance Imaging,MRI)分析鲜切紫马铃薯样品的横截面氢质子密度图,来评价鲜切紫马铃薯样品的水分分布[12]。首先使用油样进行校准以保证测定准确度,取鲜切紫马铃薯样品进行MRI测定。MRI检测参数如下:循环时间(TR)=500 ms,回波时间(TE)=20 ms,矩阵大小=256×192 mm,视场= 256×256 mm,平均数=2。
PAL酶的活性参照Wang等[13]的方法并稍作修改。准确称取1.0 g冻样,加入2 mL酶提取液,匀浆后在4 ℃,10000×g条件下离心20 min,所得上清液即为粗酶提取液。随后在0.2 mL酶提取液中加入1 mL反应液,于40 ℃水浴1 h,加入2 mL终止液后,在290 nm处测定吸光度值,以每小时吸光度变化0.01作为1个酶活力单位,酶活性表示为U·g−1。其中酶提取液为0.2 mmol·L−1硼酸钠缓冲液(pH8.7,含有20 mmol·L−1 β-巯基乙醇,2 mmol·L−1 乙二胺四乙酸和4%聚乙烯吡咯烷酮),反应液为0.6 mmol·L−1 L-苯丙氨酸,终止液为6 mol·L−1 盐酸溶液。
POD酶活性采用2-甲氧基苯酚法测定[13]。准确称取0.3 g冻样,加入3 mL预冷的酶提取液,匀浆后在4 ℃,12000×g条件下离心10 min,所得上清液即为粗酶提取液。随后将3 mL反应液与500 μL酶液进行混合。在470 nm处测定吸光度值,以每分钟吸光度变化0.01为1个酶活力单位,酶活性表示为U·mg−1。其中酶提取液为0.1 mol·L−1 磷酸钠(PBS)缓冲液(pH7.0,含1% Triton X-100和4%聚乙烯吡咯烷酮),反应液为0.2 mol·L−1 PBS缓冲液(pH6.0,含25 mmol·L−1 2-甲氧基苯酚和30%过氧化氢溶液)。
PPO酶活性采用邻苯二酚法测定[14]。准确称取0.3 g冻样,加入3 mL预冷的酶提取液,匀浆后在4 ℃,12000×g条件下离心10 min,所得上清液即为粗酶提取液。随后将1 mL反应液与500 μL酶液进行混合,混匀后于37 ℃水浴10 min。在420 nm处测定吸光度值,每分钟吸光度变化0.01为1个酶活性单位,酶活性表示为U·mg−1。其中酶提取液为0.1 mol·L−1 PBS缓冲液(pH7.0,含1% Triton X-100和4%聚乙烯吡咯烷酮),反应液为50 mmol·L−1 PBS缓冲液(pH7.0)和50 mmol·L−1邻苯二酚溶液。
利用商业化试剂盒分别测定SOD、CAT和APX的活性。
参照Dai等[9]的方法并稍作修改。准确称取1.0 g冻样,与3 mL 80%甲醇混合并匀浆,室温下孵育1 h,随后在4 ℃,12000×g条件下离心20 min,取0.5 mL上清液,加入1 mL的福林酚试剂,反应10 min后,再加入2 mL 1 mol·L−1碳酸钠溶液。混合液于30 ℃水浴 1 h,随后测定其在765 nm处的吸光度值,以没食子酸标准曲线计算总酚含量,鲜切紫马铃薯中总酚含量表示为mg·g−1。
参照Gheysarbigi等[15]的方法并稍作修改。准确称取1.0 g冻样,与3 mL 80%甲醇混合并匀浆,随后在4 ℃,12000×g条件下离心10 min,取30 μL上清液,加入0.3 mL 5%亚硝酸钠溶液。5 min后,加入600 μL 10%硝酸铝溶液。6 min后,加入400 μL的0.5 mol·L−1 氢氧化钠溶液,于室温下反应25 min。随后测定混合液在517 nm处的吸光度值,以芦丁标准曲线计算总黄酮含量,鲜切紫马铃薯中的总黄酮表示为mg·g−1。
参照Chen等[16]的方法,将冷冻样品1.0 g磨成粉末,与10 mL盐酸甲醇混合,在4 ℃下黑暗提取24 h。然后,将混合物在4 ℃下约12000×g离心20 min,收集上清。取0.5 mL上清液分别与2 mL 0.4 mmol·L−1醋酸钠缓冲液(pH4.5)和2 mL 25 mmol·L−1氯化钾缓冲液(pH1.0)混合,在40 ℃下孵育20 min。记录溶液在510和700 nm处的吸光度。总花色苷含量计算方法如式(2)所示:
$ \rm{\text{花青素含量}}(mg\cdot\text{g}^{-1})=\frac{\text{A}\times\text{M}_{\text{W}}\times V\times\text{D}_{\text{F}}}{\varepsilon\times l\times m} $
式中:A为花色苷溶液吸光度[(A520–A700)pH1.0–(A520–A700)pH4.5];MW为矢车菊-3-葡萄糖苷的摩尔质量,449.2 g·mol−1;DF为稀释倍数;$ \varepsilon $为矢车菊-3-葡萄糖苷的摩尔消光系数,29600 L·(mol·cm)−1;l为光程,1 cm:m为样品的质量,g。
使用气相色谱-离子迁移谱联用仪(GC-IMS)进行分析[14]。准确称取5.0 g样品于20 mL顶空瓶中。90 ℃孵育30 min后进样,GC-IMS实验主要参数为:FS-SE-54-CB-1色谱柱,柱温为60 ℃,进样体积为500 µL,载气为氮气(N2),检测器温度为45 ℃,注射针温度为85 ℃,孵育转速为500 r·min−1,载气流速为初始2 mL·min−1,保持2 min;2~10 min内线性升至100 mL·min−1;20~30 min内升至150 mL·min−1。
所有实验均采用完全随机设计。每个指标设置3个生物学重复,每个生物学重复设置3个技术性重复。除非另有说明,所有生化参数均以鲜重(FW)为基础表示。数据处理和绘图采用R统计分析软件(4.3.2版)。经单因素方差分析和LSD多重比较检验,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。数据以3个独立生物重复的平均数±标准差表示。
从表1中可以看出,鲜切紫马铃薯在贮藏期间亮度变暗、红度上升、蓝度下降。鲜切马铃薯极易发生酶促褐变,导致色泽发生变化[17−18]。在贮藏第6 d时,SNP处理组的L*值显著高于CK组(P<0.05),同时a*和b*值显著低于CK组(P<0.05),这说明SNP处理有效延缓了贮藏期间鲜切紫马铃薯的色泽变化,维持了鲜切紫马铃薯较好的品相。同时,b*值增大表示色泽向黄色方向移动,在贮藏第4 d时,b*已经增大至-13.38,此时鲜切紫马铃薯已经发生较为明显的黄变,可食用性大大降低,而SNP处理组则在6~8 d内达到此劣变程度,因此,本研究的贮藏周期设定为8 d。
TSS包含果蔬中的可溶性糖类、蛋白质和维生素等营养物质的总量,能够反映果蔬营养物质的含量[19]。而在贮藏过程中,糖类和蛋白质等营养物质作为细胞呼吸代谢的底物,在贮藏期间不断被消耗,因此导致了可溶性固形物含量呈下降趋势[20]。表1中列出了TSS含量与蒸煮损失率的变化情况,与CK组相比,SNP处理减少了TSS的消耗,这可能是由于SNP处理调控了鲜切紫马铃薯细胞的呼吸代谢过程,减少了对细胞代谢底物的消耗[20],研究表明SNP处理调控鲜切紫马铃薯的贮藏期间的能量代谢过程,在一定程度上增加糖类物质的含量[21],但在整个贮藏过程中,SNP处理组和CK组的TSS并未表现出显著差异(P>0.05),这可能是由于尽管SNP处理能够少量增加代谢底物的含量,但是由于鲜切紫马铃薯受到逆境胁迫时自身的防御体系被激活,生理反应加剧,其可溶性固形物的消耗速率仍然远大于合成速率。
蒸煮损失率则能够表示贮藏过程中的水溶性营养成分的流失程度,这与细胞结构的稳定性密切相关[14]。从表1中可以看出,SNP处理能够在一定程度上延缓蒸煮损失率的上升,但SNP处理组与对照组在贮藏过程中的蒸煮损失率变化没有明显的差异(P>0.05),刘慧等[20]的研究表明SNP处理能够维持桃果实细胞壁结构的完整性,而吴敏等[22]则报道了SNP能够延缓无核白葡萄果梗相对电导率的增加,从而维持细胞膜的完整性,降低电解质的渗透,因此可以推测SNP处理能够维持贮藏期间细胞壁膜的功能,从而在一定程度上降低水溶性成分的流失。
果蔬的内部水分流动性越强,越容易导致其品质的下降[23]。如图1A所示,利用低场核磁共振技术(LF-NMR)得到鲜切紫马铃薯在贮藏期间的水分分布反演曲线。水分横向弛豫时间代表了不同的水分状态,弛豫时间越小,水分与基质之间的结合程度越高,根据横向弛豫时间的不同,鲜切紫马铃薯中的水分可分为:结合水T21(0.01~10 ms)、固定水T22(10~100 ms)和自由水T23(100~10000 ms)[10],弛豫时间越长,内部水分的结合度越低。由于氢质子弛豫时间的信号振幅峰面积与含水量成正比,可以用来估计样品的含水量。从图可以看出,鲜切紫马铃薯中自由水的含量最高,并且随着贮藏时间的延长,T23含量逐渐减少。在贮藏期间,SNP处理组的T23含量始终低于对照组。而较低的自由水水平则能够有效防止水分的过度移动和流失,减缓酶促反应速度,延长保质期。SNP处理能够保持较低的自由水水平,产生更好的保鲜效果[14]。
图1B为贮藏过程中鲜切紫马铃薯的MRI成像,其中红色为高强度氢质子信号,蓝色为低强度氢质子信号[10]。如图所示,随着贮藏时间的增加,红色区域逐渐减少,表明信号强度和含水量降低。同时可以观察到对照组在贮藏期间保持了比较高的水分含量,这与低场核磁波谱的结果一致。
图2显示了不同处理(CK和SNP)对鲜切紫马铃薯贮藏期间抗氧化相关酶活性的影响。PAL是产生多酚类物质的重要酶类,是果实中苯丙烷代谢途径的起点,能够催化产生酚类物质作为褐变的底物[24]。如图2A所示,鲜切紫马铃薯中的PAL活性呈现先升高后下降的趋势。对照组样品在2 d时达到峰值后活性持续下降,而SNP处理组在4 d时达到峰值,贮藏结束时其PAL活性比对照组高出31.69%。
POD进一步将H2O2分解为H2O等无害物质[25],但同时也催化酚类物质的氧化,加速酶促褐变[26]。如图2B所示,POD活性在贮藏期间持续上升,贮藏前4 d,SNP处理组的POD活性高于对照组,然而在贮藏后期,对照组的POD活性显著高于SNP处理组(P<0.05),贮藏结束时,蒸馏水处理组的POD活性是SNP处理组的1.84倍。
在植物细胞老化的过程中,因为细胞壁膜受损而产生的有氧环境,会促使PPO将酚类化合物转变为醌,经过一系列的氧化聚合,最后会产生出黑色素的物质,这是一种普遍存在的酶促褐变的现象[27−28]。如图2C所示,PPO活性在贮藏期表现为持续上升的趋势。与对照组相比,贮藏前4 d两组的PPO活性无显著差异(P>0.05),但在4~8 d之间,SNP处理组显著延缓了PPO活性的上升(P<0.05)。
SOD可以消除细胞内的氧自由基[25]。如图2D所示,在8 d的低温贮藏期间,SOD活性在两组中均呈现先升后降的趋势,且均在4 d时达到峰值。尽管在贮藏前期,SNP处理组的SOD活性略低于对照组,但在贮藏后期,对照组SOD活性下降,而SNP处理显著延缓了SOD活性的降低(P<0.05),至8 d时,SNP处理组的SOD活性比对照组高出16.61%。
CAT是降解活性氧产生H2O2的重要酶类[19]。如图2E所示,CAT的活性在贮藏前期迅速上升并在2 d时达到峰值,随后逐渐下降。然而在贮藏后期,SNP处理组的CAT活性下降速度快于对照组。在4 d时,SNP处理组的CAT活性比对照组高出40.07%,此时表现出显著差异(P<0.05)。
APX是一种能够清除活性氧的酶系,可催化H2O2转变为H2O,在植物中发挥着重要的作用[19]。如图2F所示,APX的活性在贮藏期间保持上升趋势,SNP处理组在整个贮藏期间的APX活性均高于蒸馏水处理组,特别是在2 d时,SNP处理组的APX活性比对照组高出41.05%,且这两个处理组在此时表现出显著差异(P<0.05);此后,两组间未表现出显著差异(P>0.05)。
从研究结果来看,在贮藏前期,蒸馏水处理组和SNP处理组的样品中抗氧化相关酶的活性变化趋势相似。然而,在贮藏后期,两组样品的抗氧化酶活性表现出不同的趋势。可能原因在于:在贮藏前期,受低温胁迫和机械损伤的影响,鲜切紫马铃薯防御体系被激活,抗氧化相关酶在植物的防御中发挥了重要作用。在此过程中,NO作为重要的信号分子,能够协同增强样品的防御能力。而在贮藏后期,蒸馏水处理的鲜切紫马铃薯逐渐衰败,其防御体系遭到破坏,导致氧化应激加剧,从而降低了抗氧化能力[21]。而SNP处理的样品由于维持了较高的NO水平,仍然保持了良好的抗氧化能力,从而维持了表观品质。这些结果与其他研究中的发现相一致[29−30]。
酚类物质一般包含简单酚类和类黄酮化合物,其中愈创木酚、绿原酸、儿茶酚等简单酚类物质通常是PPO的底物,可促进酶促褐变。而类黄酮化合物则具有抗氧化能力,能够在逆境胁迫中发挥重要作用[31]。如图3A所示,对照组和SNP处理组的总酚含量在贮藏期间总体呈现上升的趋势,并且SNP处理组的总酚含量在整个贮藏期间都显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。6 d时,SNP处理组的总酚含量最高,在贮藏结束时SNP处理组的总酚含量是对照组的1.11倍,可见SNP处理有助于保持较高水平的总酚含量。
类黄酮化合物及衍生物通过植物体中的苯丙烷代谢途径产生,包括花色素、黄酮、查尔酮和异黄酮等,具有一定的抗氧化能力和抑菌能力,同时也使果蔬呈现不同的颜色,如花青素在植物液泡中会由于pH的不同而呈现出不同的颜色,黄酮和黄酮醇则大多呈现黄色[19]。如图3B所示,SNP处理组中鲜切紫马铃薯总黄酮的含量呈现先上升后降低的趋势,而对照组的总黄酮含量则持续降低,并且在整个贮藏期间,SNP处理组中总黄酮的含量始终显著高于对照组(P<0.05),在贮藏结束时,SNP处理组中的总黄酮含量达到了对照组的1.44倍,这表明SNP处理能提高鲜切紫马铃薯贮藏期间总黄酮的含量。
花色苷属于水溶性色素,为一类广泛存在于植物里的天然花青素,属于黃酮类化合物,植物能表现出颜色主要因为含有这类物质,其具有多种生理活性[32],这也是紫马铃薯中主要的抗氧化物质。如图3C所示,SNP处理能够显著提高鲜切紫马铃薯贮藏期间的花青素含量(P<0.05)。对照组和处理组在贮藏期间都呈现先升高后降低的趋势,但SNP处理组在整个贮藏期间的花色苷含量都高于对照组,贮藏结束时,SNP处理组的花色苷含量达到处理组的1.22倍。这可能是由于在贮藏过程中PAL酶活性提升,从而导致苯丙烷代谢途径被激活,导致产生的酚类物质、类黄酮和花色苷增多。
风味是评价鲜切果蔬的重要感官指标。本研究测定了不同处理下鲜切紫马铃薯在贮藏0、4、8 d时的挥发性成分,利用NIST 2014数据库和IMS迁移时间数据库,对挥发性成分进行了定性分析,通过分析确定了71种挥发性化合物,表2展示了测定得到的所有的挥发性化合物,如表所示,在鉴定得到的挥发性成分中,共包括11种醇类物质、12种醛类物质、11种酮类物质、8种酯类物质、8种烃类物质、2种呋喃类物质、8种有机酸类物质和4种吡嗪类物质。
图4展示了不同处理下鲜切紫马铃薯贮藏期间挥发性化合物的指纹图谱,显示了所有样本的总体比较和分析。其中烃类化合物的阈值较高,不易引起嗅觉反应。因此选择非烃类化合物作为风味物质的主要来源[14],但值得注意的是,有研究表明α-蒎烯是马铃薯植物毒性的标志物[33],而在本研究中,SNP处理对α-蒎烯具有抑制作用。如图所示,2-甲基丁醛、2-乙基丁酸、2-甲基丙酸等化合物在8 d的贮藏期间含量均没有较大变化。且仅在0 d时采集的样品中检测到戊醇、2-辛酮、邻甲酚、丁醛、戊酸甲酯和丁酸戊酯,因此可以认为这些物质是新鲜紫马铃薯中的特征性挥发物。鲜切果蔬由于切割、洗涤等加工操作,导致细胞损伤,促进了脂氧合酶与底物的接触,加快脂质的氧化,产生醛、酮和醇等脂质氧化产物,这是鲜切果蔬挥发性成分的主要来源[34−35]。而本研究发现,在贮藏过程中,SNP处理对戊醛、己醛、3-甲基丁醛、乙酸戊酯、苯酚、(E)-3-己烯酸和苯乙酮含量具有抑制作用。在鲜切紫马铃薯中,异味主要由醛类物质引起[36−37],Xu等[38]的研究发现生马铃薯中己醛是主要的挥发性物质。而从化学指纹图谱中可以看出,SNP处理抑制了己醛的产生,这能够减少鲜切紫马铃薯的异味。结合抗氧化酶活性及总黄酮与花色苷含量的分析,SNP处理能够提升鲜切紫马铃薯的抗氧化性,有效缓解细胞内脂质的氧化降解,从而减少醛类物质尤其是己醛的产生,减少贮藏期间异味的产生,这对于保持鲜切紫马铃薯风味具有实际意义。
以特征峰对应的峰体积为参数变量,利用R统计分析软件对不同处理下鲜切紫马铃薯贮藏期间的挥发性成分进行主成分分析(PCA),将高维的数据变量进行维度压缩,从而保留主要的数据信息[39−40]。如图5所示,PC1、PC2和PC3分别解释了数据中49.35%、14.9%和11.9%的变化。不同贮藏时间和处理组的数据点能够明显区分,平行样本则聚类在一起,说明在不同的贮藏时间下,鲜切紫马铃薯的挥发性成分发生了明显的变化,同时SNP处理也显著改变了鲜切紫马铃薯的风味。在0 d时,不同处理组之间分布较为集中,可见在贮藏初期,SNP处理对鲜切紫马铃薯的风味的影响还不明显。而在4 d和8 d,不同处理组之间分离度明显增加,说明在贮藏中后期,SNP处理明显影响了样品的挥发性成分。这与指纹图谱所呈现的结果一致。
本研究探究了SNP处理对鲜切紫马铃薯贮藏品质的影响。研究结果表明0.1 mmol·L−1 SNP处理显著延缓了鲜切紫马铃薯贮藏期间的颜色变化,同时保持较低的蒸煮损失率和较高水平的可溶性固形物含量。此外,SNP处理降低鲜切紫马铃薯内细胞的水分流动性、提高了抗氧化酶的活性同时保持较高水平的总酚和总黄酮含量。对挥发性有机化合物的分析表明,SNP处理主要抑制脂质降解产物醛类物质的增加,尤其是对生马铃薯中的主要异味物质己醛含量的抑制,减少了贮藏期间鲜切紫马铃薯异味的产生,维持了较好的风味。综上所述,SNP处理能够有效延长鲜切紫马铃薯的货架期。然而本实验缺乏鲜切紫马铃薯贮藏过程中防御相关基因的变化,未来可进一步利用基因组学和转录组学等技术探究分子水平上的变化。

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2026年第47卷第4期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040187
  • 接收时间:2025-04-17
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-17
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    1河北农业大学食品科技学院,河北保定 071000
    2河北省农产品加工技术创新中心,河北保定 071000
    3河北省马铃薯加工技术创新中心,河北张家口 076576

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孙剑锋(1979−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品加工技术,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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