Article(id=1320889668636361295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320889172802515656, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020212, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740499200000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854237946, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1768406400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854237946, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854237946, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854237946, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320889172802515656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='514', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768406400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854119730, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854119730, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=337, endPage=346, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889668875436624, articleId=1320889668636361295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Analysis and Comparison of Edible Quality of Rice Porridge of Different Varieties, columnId=1261343843585241413, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Analysis and Determination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To identify suitable rice varieties for porridge preparation, seven different rice cultivars were selected for physicochemical characterization. Starch was isolated from each variety to analyze its amylose content, molecular weight distribution, and pasting properties. The cooking characteristics, textural properties, and eating quality of the prepared porridge were evaluated to establish correlations between rice starch properties and porridge quality. The results revealed significant differences (P<0.05) in protein and amylose contents among the seven varieties. 'Sui-Japonica 101' and 'Long-Japonica 31' exhibited protein contents of 7.90% and 7.84%, with amylose contents of 19.76% and 19.96%, respectively. These values fell within the optimal range for porridge quality, preventing undesirable viscosity and hardness imbalances. The molecular weight distribution of rice starch also varied significantly (P<0.05), with 'Sui-Japonica 101' exhibiting the narrowest distribution, resulting in a more homogeneous porridge structure. Pasting property analysis indicated that 'Sui-Japonica 101' had the lowest breakdown value (930 mPa·s), suggesting better structural stability during cooking. Regarding porridge quality, 'Sui-Japonica 101' and 'Long-Japonica 31' received the highest sensory scores. Texture profile analysis showed that 'Sui-Japonica 101' porridge had the highest springiness (2.71 mm), while 'Long-Japonica 31' displayed the lowest soup cohesiveness (0.68). Correlation analysis demonstrated that sensory evaluation was significantly positively correlated with protein content (P<0.01), whereas the breakdown value showed a significant negative correlation with textural properties (P<0.05). In conclusion, starch molecular weight distribution and pasting properties can serve as effective indicators for evaluating porridge quality. 'Sui-Japonica 101' and 'Long-Japonica 31' were identified as promising varieties for porridge preparation, providing a theoretical basis for rice breeding selection.

, authors=Ze YIN1, Xuechun WANG1, Shixin WANG1, Jinrui ZHANG1, Feifei WEI1, Aihua ZHAI1, 2, *, Ying WANG1, 2, *, authorsList=Ze YIN, Xuechun WANG, Shixin WANG, Jinrui ZHANG, Feifei WEI, Aihua ZHAI, Ying WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Aihua ZHAI, Ying WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889669718491731, articleId=1320889668636361295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=不同品种大米米粥的食用品质分析比较, columnId=1261343846139572559, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=分析检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为筛选适宜煮粥的粥米品种,选用7种不同品种大米,分析大米的理化特性,从大米提取淀粉,分析直链淀粉、淀粉分子量分布及糊化特性,并测定米粥的蒸煮特性、质构特性及食用品质,以期获得大米淀粉相关特性与米粥品质的相关性。结果表明,7种不同品种间蛋白质及直链淀粉含量方面均存在显著差异(P<0.05),‘绥粳101’和‘龙粳31’的蛋白质含量为7.90%和7.84%,直链淀粉含量分别为19.76%和19.96%,均处于米粥品质的理想范围内,避免了过高或过低的含量导致米粥的粘度和硬度失衡。大米淀粉分子量分布存在差异(P<0.05),其中‘绥粳101’的分子量分布最窄,使米粥结构更均匀。糊化特性分析表明,‘绥粳101’的崩解值最低为930 mPa·s,蒸煮过程中米粥结构不易被破坏。在米粥品质方面,‘绥粳101’和‘龙粳31’具有较高的感官评分,质构特性中‘绥粳101’的米粥弹性最高为2.71 mm,‘龙粳31’的米汤内聚性最低为0.68。相关性分析显示,感官评价与蛋白质含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),崩解值与米粥质构特性呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。综上,淀粉分子量分布和糊化特性可作为测定米粥品质的指标,‘绥粳101’和‘龙粳31’是适合煮粥且具有开发潜力的品种,并为大米品种的选育提供了理论依据。

, authors=殷泽1, 王雪纯1, 王世鑫1, 张津睿1, 韦菲菲1, 翟爱华1, 2, *, 王颖1, 2, *, authorsList=殷泽, 王雪纯, 王世鑫, 张津睿, 韦菲菲, 翟爱华, 王颖, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=翟爱华, 王颖, authorNote=

殷泽(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
翟爱华(1970−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程,E-mail:。
王颖(1979−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏工程及食品质量安全,E-mail:。
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Influence of accelerating storage of foxtail millet on the edible and cooking quality of its porridge: An insight into the structural alteration of the in situ protein and starch and physicochemical properties[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2023, 240: 124375., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320889669957567060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889668636361295, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889669965955669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889668636361295, companyId=1320889669957567060, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural Univercity, Daqing 163000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889669974344278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889668636361295, companyId=1320889669957567060, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院,黑龙江大庆 163000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320889670054036055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889668636361295, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889670062424664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889668636361295, companyId=1320889670054036055, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2National Engineering Research Center of Coarse Grain Technology, Daqing 163000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889670070813273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889668636361295, companyId=1320889670054036055, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2国家杂粮技术工程研究中心,黑龙江大庆 163000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320889674164454025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889668636361295, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Heat map of the correlation between the main components of rice and their edible quality, figureFileSmall=7KWOT/3oI7ZTUUigqq/ZyA==, figureFileBig=trStrFD3vCUTS6/Mxcx8BA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889674252534410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889668636361295, language=CN, label=图1, caption=大米理化性质与米粥食用品质的相关性热图, figureFileSmall=7KWOT/3oI7ZTUUigqq/ZyA==, figureFileBig=trStrFD3vCUTS6/Mxcx8BA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889674458055307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889668636361295, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Criteria for sensory evaluation of rice porridge

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标评价标准评分(分)
气味
(15分)
具有米粥的香气,香气浓郁10~15
香气不足,但无异味5~9
无香气,有明显异味0~4
色泽
(15分)
白色或正常米色,颜色均一有光泽10~15
略有黄色,颜色不均一,光泽不够5~9
明显异色,无光泽0~4
外观
(15分)
米粒饱满,整体均一完整,表面光滑10~15
米粒膨大,表面轻度开裂,有粗糙感5~9
米粒过度膨大,粒形难辨,破损严重0~4
组织状态
(25分)
米汤滑爽,稠度适当,米粒分散均一20~25
米汤稀薄,稠度较低,米水略有分层8~19
米汤几乎无稠度,米水分层严重0~7
黏性
(10分)
米粒适度分散,有一定黏性8~10
米粒发生黏结,黏度大或无黏性5~7
黏结成团,不易分开0~4
咀嚼性
(10分)
咀嚼有一定弹性8~10
咀嚼略有弹性5~7
咀嚼无弹性0~4
硬度
(10分)
软硬适中,无夹生感8~10
稍硬或过软5~7
软烂或夹生感严重0~4
), ArticleFig(id=1320889674533552780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889668636361295, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

米粥感官评价标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标评价标准评分(分)
气味
(15分)
具有米粥的香气,香气浓郁10~15
香气不足,但无异味5~9
无香气,有明显异味0~4
色泽
(15分)
白色或正常米色,颜色均一有光泽10~15
略有黄色,颜色不均一,光泽不够5~9
明显异色,无光泽0~4
外观
(15分)
米粒饱满,整体均一完整,表面光滑10~15
米粒膨大,表面轻度开裂,有粗糙感5~9
米粒过度膨大,粒形难辨,破损严重0~4
组织状态
(25分)
米汤滑爽,稠度适当,米粒分散均一20~25
米汤稀薄,稠度较低,米水略有分层8~19
米汤几乎无稠度,米水分层严重0~7
黏性
(10分)
米粒适度分散,有一定黏性8~10
米粒发生黏结,黏度大或无黏性5~7
黏结成团,不易分开0~4
咀嚼性
(10分)
咀嚼有一定弹性8~10
咀嚼略有弹性5~7
咀嚼无弹性0~4
硬度
(10分)
软硬适中,无夹生感8~10
稍硬或过软5~7
软烂或夹生感严重0~4
), ArticleFig(id=1320889674604855949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889668636361295, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Physicochemical characteristics of different varieties of rice

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编号品种蛋白质(%)总淀粉含量(%)直链淀粉含量(%)
N1‘东农456’7.32±0.10c83.90±0.41b17.22±0.30e
N2‘吉粳511’8.21±0.05a82.62±0.31cd21.13±0.40b
N3‘绥粳101’7.90±0.08ab81.56±0.56d19.76±0.02c
N4‘吉粳83’7.10±0.03c79.65±0.66e18.75±0.10d
N5‘吉宏6号’7.47±0.21bc85.62±0.33a22.58±0.15a
N6‘龙粳31’7.84±0.14ab83.52±0.13bc19.96±0.03c
N7‘龙稻20’7.51±0.30bc85.08±0.15a19.84±0.07c
), ArticleFig(id=1320889674705519246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889668636361295, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同品种大米理化特性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号品种蛋白质(%)总淀粉含量(%)直链淀粉含量(%)
N1‘东农456’7.32±0.10c83.90±0.41b17.22±0.30e
N2‘吉粳511’8.21±0.05a82.62±0.31cd21.13±0.40b
N3‘绥粳101’7.90±0.08ab81.56±0.56d19.76±0.02c
N4‘吉粳83’7.10±0.03c79.65±0.66e18.75±0.10d
N5‘吉宏6号’7.47±0.21bc85.62±0.33a22.58±0.15a
N6‘龙粳31’7.84±0.14ab83.52±0.13bc19.96±0.03c
N7‘龙稻20’7.51±0.30bc85.08±0.15a19.84±0.07c
), ArticleFig(id=1320889676379046543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889668636361295, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Molecular structure parameters of different varieties of rice starch

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编号品种PDIMn
(×108 g/mol)
Mw
(×108 g/mol)
Rz
(nm)
ρ
(g/mol/nm3)
N1‘东农456’2.14±0.02c4.74±0.03e10.15±0.04c169.68±0.02b2.08±0.01e
N2‘吉粳511’2.08±0.02d4.47±0.05f9.28±0.01d151.69±0.01e2.66±0.00b
N3‘绥粳101’1.85±0.01f4.93±0.01d9.10±0.02e153.34±0.01d2.52±0.01c
N4‘吉粳83’1.89±0.02e5.57±0.02a10.56±0.04b168.95±0.06c2.19±0.01d
N5‘吉宏6号’2.31±0.03a3.07±0.05g7.09±0.02f134.16±0.06f2.94±0.02a
N6‘龙粳31’2.19±0.02b5.04±0.05c11.01±0.02a176.70±0.01a2.00±0.01f
N7‘龙稻20’2.07±0.01d5.13±0.02b10.61±0.02b168.99±0.06c2.20±0.01d
), ArticleFig(id=1320889676471321232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889668636361295, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同品种大米淀粉的分子结构

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号品种PDIMn
(×108 g/mol)
Mw
(×108 g/mol)
Rz
(nm)
ρ
(g/mol/nm3)
N1‘东农456’2.14±0.02c4.74±0.03e10.15±0.04c169.68±0.02b2.08±0.01e
N2‘吉粳511’2.08±0.02d4.47±0.05f9.28±0.01d151.69±0.01e2.66±0.00b
N3‘绥粳101’1.85±0.01f4.93±0.01d9.10±0.02e153.34±0.01d2.52±0.01c
N4‘吉粳83’1.89±0.02e5.57±0.02a10.56±0.04b168.95±0.06c2.19±0.01d
N5‘吉宏6号’2.31±0.03a3.07±0.05g7.09±0.02f134.16±0.06f2.94±0.02a
N6‘龙粳31’2.19±0.02b5.04±0.05c11.01±0.02a176.70±0.01a2.00±0.01f
N7‘龙稻20’2.07±0.01d5.13±0.02b10.61±0.02b168.99±0.06c2.20±0.01d
), ArticleFig(id=1320889676584567441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889668636361295, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Gelatinization characteristic parameters of different varieties of rice starch

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号品种峰值黏度(mPa·s)热浆黏度(mPa·s)崩解值
(mPa·s)
最终黏度(mPa·s)回生值(mPa·s)糊化温度
(℃)
N1‘东农456’3483.68±0.10e2171.77±0.69c1312.75±0.36g4010.63±0.27c1838.86±0.42b70.81±0.04c
N2‘吉粳511’3637.74±0.24c1190.90±0.96f2742.62±0.24a2373.88±0.34f1182.98±0.63f73.16±0.04a
N3‘绥粳101’3136.59±0.36f2207.37±1.44b930.41±0.27g4218.42±0.11a2011.05±1.32a70.67±0.03d
N4‘吉粳83’3932.58±0.45a2233.51±0.09a1404.62±0.08e4047.51±0.41b1814.01±0.32c71.50±0.05b
N5‘吉宏6号’2943.06±0.14g801.69±0.29g2142.73±0.22c1601.66±0.31g799.96±0.03g73.11±0.03a
N6‘龙粳31’3753.27±0.29b1277.57±0.25e2476.78±0.37b3007.71±0.33e1730.14±0.09e73.09±0.17a
N7‘龙稻20’3551.65±0.41d1588.24±1.31d1963.56±0.28d3386.52±0.42d1798.28±0.89d71.60±0.07b
), ArticleFig(id=1320889676655870610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889668636361295, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同品种大米淀粉的糊化特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号品种峰值黏度(mPa·s)热浆黏度(mPa·s)崩解值
(mPa·s)
最终黏度(mPa·s)回生值(mPa·s)糊化温度
(℃)
N1‘东农456’3483.68±0.10e2171.77±0.69c1312.75±0.36g4010.63±0.27c1838.86±0.42b70.81±0.04c
N2‘吉粳511’3637.74±0.24c1190.90±0.96f2742.62±0.24a2373.88±0.34f1182.98±0.63f73.16±0.04a
N3‘绥粳101’3136.59±0.36f2207.37±1.44b930.41±0.27g4218.42±0.11a2011.05±1.32a70.67±0.03d
N4‘吉粳83’3932.58±0.45a2233.51±0.09a1404.62±0.08e4047.51±0.41b1814.01±0.32c71.50±0.05b
N5‘吉宏6号’2943.06±0.14g801.69±0.29g2142.73±0.22c1601.66±0.31g799.96±0.03g73.11±0.03a
N6‘龙粳31’3753.27±0.29b1277.57±0.25e2476.78±0.37b3007.71±0.33e1730.14±0.09e73.09±0.17a
N7‘龙稻20’3551.65±0.41d1588.24±1.31d1963.56±0.28d3386.52±0.42d1798.28±0.89d71.60±0.07b
), ArticleFig(id=1320889676739756691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889668636361295, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Cooking characteristics of different kinds of rice porridge

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号品种吸水率(%)膨胀率(%)固形物含量(%)米汤pH
N1‘东农456’1.98±0.06e3.14±0.05d3.40±0.06c7.28±0.03a
N2‘吉粳511’2.63±0.03ab3.56±0.10a3.15±0.05d6.58±0.03d
N3‘绥粳101’2.41±0.07cd3.29±0.04bc4.26±0.04a7.12±0.01b
N4‘吉粳83’2.21±0.09d3.22±0.03cd2.64±0.08e6.41±0.03e
N5‘吉宏6号’2.78±0.07a3.64±0.10a4.03±0.05b7.33±0.04a
N6‘龙粳31’2.47±0.05bc3.38±0.08b3.40±0.06c6.90±0.12c
N7‘龙稻20’2.48±0.12bc3.32±0.07bc3.29±0.03cd6.61±0.02d
), ArticleFig(id=1320889676827837076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889668636361295, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同品种大米粥的蒸煮特性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号品种吸水率(%)膨胀率(%)固形物含量(%)米汤pH
N1‘东农456’1.98±0.06e3.14±0.05d3.40±0.06c7.28±0.03a
N2‘吉粳511’2.63±0.03ab3.56±0.10a3.15±0.05d6.58±0.03d
N3‘绥粳101’2.41±0.07cd3.29±0.04bc4.26±0.04a7.12±0.01b
N4‘吉粳83’2.21±0.09d3.22±0.03cd2.64±0.08e6.41±0.03e
N5‘吉宏6号’2.78±0.07a3.64±0.10a4.03±0.05b7.33±0.04a
N6‘龙粳31’2.47±0.05bc3.38±0.08b3.40±0.06c6.90±0.12c
N7‘龙稻20’2.48±0.12bc3.32±0.07bc3.29±0.03cd6.61±0.02d
), ArticleFig(id=1320889676903334549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889668636361295, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Color intensity of different varieties of rice porridge

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号品种L*a*b*
N1‘东农456’58.39±1.76ab2.49±0.16a2.97±0.13a
N2‘吉粳511’55.01±3.12b2.36±0.15a2.03±0.66ab
N3‘绥粳101’60.36±1.80a2.52±0.06a1.70±0.16b
N4‘吉粳83’57.80±3.43ab2.60±0.11a1.71±0.11ab
N5‘吉宏6号’55.62±2.13ab2.64±0.25a2.18±0.68ab
N6‘龙粳31’58.07±2.98ab2.61±0.18a1.92±0.91ab
N7‘龙稻20’58.87±1.78ab2.43±0.09a2.04±0.89ab
), ArticleFig(id=1320889676983026326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889668636361295, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同品种大米粥的色度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号品种L*a*b*
N1‘东农456’58.39±1.76ab2.49±0.16a2.97±0.13a
N2‘吉粳511’55.01±3.12b2.36±0.15a2.03±0.66ab
N3‘绥粳101’60.36±1.80a2.52±0.06a1.70±0.16b
N4‘吉粳83’57.80±3.43ab2.60±0.11a1.71±0.11ab
N5‘吉宏6号’55.62±2.13ab2.64±0.25a2.18±0.68ab
N6‘龙粳31’58.07±2.98ab2.61±0.18a1.92±0.91ab
N7‘龙稻20’58.87±1.78ab2.43±0.09a2.04±0.89ab
), ArticleFig(id=1320889677058523799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889668636361295, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Texture characteristics of different kinds of rice porridge

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号品种粘附性内聚性胶粘性
(N)
咀嚼性
(mJ)
弹性
(mm)
N1‘东农456’0.24±0.03a0.43±0.01cd0.16±0.04a0.26±0.08a2.49±0.29a
N2‘吉粳511’0.10±0.02c0.57±0.01a0.08±0.00b0.1±0.05bc1.22±0.58b
N3‘绥粳101’0.22±0.04ab0.41±0.01de0.10±0.01b0.28±0.08a2.71±0.43a
N4‘吉粳83’0.17±0.03b0.49±0.04b0.11±0.01b0.23±0.60a2.28±0.28a
N5‘吉宏6号’0.21±0.01ab0.38±0.01e0.11±0.02b0.26±0.08a2.46±0.31a
N6‘龙粳31’0.09±0.03c0.47±0.04bc0.07±0.01b0.06±0.04c0.85±0.49b
N7‘龙稻20’0.19±0.03b0.42±0.03de0.09±0.01b0.19±0.07ab2.06±0.49a
), ArticleFig(id=1320889677138215576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889668636361295, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同品种大米粥的质构特性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号品种粘附性内聚性胶粘性
(N)
咀嚼性
(mJ)
弹性
(mm)
N1‘东农456’0.24±0.03a0.43±0.01cd0.16±0.04a0.26±0.08a2.49±0.29a
N2‘吉粳511’0.10±0.02c0.57±0.01a0.08±0.00b0.1±0.05bc1.22±0.58b
N3‘绥粳101’0.22±0.04ab0.41±0.01de0.10±0.01b0.28±0.08a2.71±0.43a
N4‘吉粳83’0.17±0.03b0.49±0.04b0.11±0.01b0.23±0.60a2.28±0.28a
N5‘吉宏6号’0.21±0.01ab0.38±0.01e0.11±0.02b0.26±0.08a2.46±0.31a
N6‘龙粳31’0.09±0.03c0.47±0.04bc0.07±0.01b0.06±0.04c0.85±0.49b
N7‘龙稻20’0.19±0.03b0.42±0.03de0.09±0.01b0.19±0.07ab2.06±0.49a
), ArticleFig(id=1320889677201130137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889668636361295, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Texture characteristics of different rice porridge grains

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号品种粘附性内聚性胶粘性
(N)
咀嚼性
(mJ)
弹性
(mm)
N1‘东农456’0.15±0.02b0.27±0.01ab0.49±0.13a0.40±0.13a0.81±0.05a
N2‘吉粳511’0.26±0.09a0.33±0.18a0.48±0.17a0.44±0.17a0.81±0.18a
N3‘绥粳101’0.11±0.01b0.33±0.04a0.45±0.05a0.31±0.03a0.68±0.03a
N4‘吉粳83’0.11±0.02b0.18±0.02b0.36±0.13a0.25±0.12a0.69±0.08a
N5‘吉宏6号’0.13±0.02b0.21±0.01ab0.38±0.03a0.28±0.03a0.75±0.02a
N6‘龙粳31’0.14±0.04b0.20±0.04ab0.55±0.27a0.31±0.12a0.80±0.19a
N7‘龙稻20’0.11±0.01b0.31±0.03ab0.63±0.13a0.51±0.22a0.71±0.08a
), ArticleFig(id=1320889677326959258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889668636361295, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

不同品种米粥米粒的质构特性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号品种粘附性内聚性胶粘性
(N)
咀嚼性
(mJ)
弹性
(mm)
N1‘东农456’0.15±0.02b0.27±0.01ab0.49±0.13a0.40±0.13a0.81±0.05a
N2‘吉粳511’0.26±0.09a0.33±0.18a0.48±0.17a0.44±0.17a0.81±0.18a
N3‘绥粳101’0.11±0.01b0.33±0.04a0.45±0.05a0.31±0.03a0.68±0.03a
N4‘吉粳83’0.11±0.02b0.18±0.02b0.36±0.13a0.25±0.12a0.69±0.08a
N5‘吉宏6号’0.13±0.02b0.21±0.01ab0.38±0.03a0.28±0.03a0.75±0.02a
N6‘龙粳31’0.14±0.04b0.20±0.04ab0.55±0.27a0.31±0.12a0.80±0.19a
N7‘龙稻20’0.11±0.01b0.31±0.03ab0.63±0.13a0.51±0.22a0.71±0.08a
), ArticleFig(id=1320889677423428251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889668636361295, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Texture characteristics of rice porridge and rice soup of different varieties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号品种粘附性内聚性胶粘性
(N)
咀嚼性
(mJ)
弹性
(mm)
N1‘东农456’0.14±0.0.2d0.72±0.02bc0.47±0.02c0.50±0.03c1.06±0.01b
N2‘吉粳511’0.24±0.01c0.94±0.14a0.72±0.04b0.92±0.04b1.46±0.10a
N3‘绥粳101’0.10±0.04e0.79±0.05bc0.38±0.05d0.34±0.10d0.88±0.17bc
N4‘吉粳83’0.03±0.01f0.81±0.03b0.37±0.01d0.53±0.07c1.46±0.16a
N5‘吉宏6号’0.44±0.03a0.73±0.07bc1.03±0.04a0.82±0.14b0.79±0.12c
N6‘龙粳31’0.30±0.01b0.68±0.01c0.75±0.03b1.09±0.03a1.46±0.03a
N7‘龙稻20’0.03±0.01f0.79±0.01bc0.37±0.01d0.49±0.02c1.30±0.02a
), ArticleFig(id=1320889677528285852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889668636361295, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

不同品种米粥米汤的质构特性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号品种粘附性内聚性胶粘性
(N)
咀嚼性
(mJ)
弹性
(mm)
N1‘东农456’0.14±0.0.2d0.72±0.02bc0.47±0.02c0.50±0.03c1.06±0.01b
N2‘吉粳511’0.24±0.01c0.94±0.14a0.72±0.04b0.92±0.04b1.46±0.10a
N3‘绥粳101’0.10±0.04e0.79±0.05bc0.38±0.05d0.34±0.10d0.88±0.17bc
N4‘吉粳83’0.03±0.01f0.81±0.03b0.37±0.01d0.53±0.07c1.46±0.16a
N5‘吉宏6号’0.44±0.03a0.73±0.07bc1.03±0.04a0.82±0.14b0.79±0.12c
N6‘龙粳31’0.30±0.01b0.68±0.01c0.75±0.03b1.09±0.03a1.46±0.03a
N7‘龙稻20’0.03±0.01f0.79±0.01bc0.37±0.01d0.49±0.02c1.30±0.02a
), ArticleFig(id=1320889677599589021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889668636361295, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Sensory evaluation score of rice porridge

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号品种气味(15分)色泽(15分)外观(15分)组织状态(25分)黏性(10分)咀嚼性(10分)硬度(10分)总分(100分)
N1‘东农456’11.67±2.89a12.00±0.00ab12.33±2.31ab16.00±5.29b7.00±1.00cd6.67±0.58b8.67±0.58a74.33±1.53c
N2‘吉粳511’13.33±2.08a10.67±1.16b11.33±1.16abc20.67±1.53ab6.67±0.58d7.33±1.53ab8.33±1.16a78.33±4.04bc
N3‘绥粳101’13.33±2.89a14.67±0.58a13.33±1.53a22.33±1.53a9.00±0.00a9.00±0.00a8.33±1.16a90.00±1.73a
N4‘吉粳83’13.00±2.65a12.00±3.00ab10.67±1.16abc18.33±2.08ab6.67±1.16d7.33±0.58ab6.67±0.58b74.67±2.08bc
N5‘吉宏6号’11.67±2.89a11.67±1.53ab8.00±1.73c21.00±1.73a8.33±1.16abc7.33±1.16ab8.33±0.58a76.33±2.89bc
N6‘龙粳31’13.33±1.16a13.00±2.65ab9.00±3.46bc20.33±0.58ab8.67±0.58ab8.67±0.58a7.67±0.58ab80.67±2.52b
N7‘龙稻20’11.67±1.53a10.67±0.58b10.33±1.53abc20.67±2.08ab7.33±0.58bcd8.00±1.00ab6.67±0.58b75.33±5.51bc
), ArticleFig(id=1320889677696058014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889668636361295, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

大米粥的感官评价

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号品种气味(15分)色泽(15分)外观(15分)组织状态(25分)黏性(10分)咀嚼性(10分)硬度(10分)总分(100分)
N1‘东农456’11.67±2.89a12.00±0.00ab12.33±2.31ab16.00±5.29b7.00±1.00cd6.67±0.58b8.67±0.58a74.33±1.53c
N2‘吉粳511’13.33±2.08a10.67±1.16b11.33±1.16abc20.67±1.53ab6.67±0.58d7.33±1.53ab8.33±1.16a78.33±4.04bc
N3‘绥粳101’13.33±2.89a14.67±0.58a13.33±1.53a22.33±1.53a9.00±0.00a9.00±0.00a8.33±1.16a90.00±1.73a
N4‘吉粳83’13.00±2.65a12.00±3.00ab10.67±1.16abc18.33±2.08ab6.67±1.16d7.33±0.58ab6.67±0.58b74.67±2.08bc
N5‘吉宏6号’11.67±2.89a11.67±1.53ab8.00±1.73c21.00±1.73a8.33±1.16abc7.33±1.16ab8.33±0.58a76.33±2.89bc
N6‘龙粳31’13.33±1.16a13.00±2.65ab9.00±3.46bc20.33±0.58ab8.67±0.58ab8.67±0.58a7.67±0.58ab80.67±2.52b
N7‘龙稻20’11.67±1.53a10.67±0.58b10.33±1.53abc20.67±2.08ab7.33±0.58bcd8.00±1.00ab6.67±0.58b75.33±5.51bc
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不同品种大米米粥的食用品质分析比较
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殷泽 1 , 王雪纯 1 , 王世鑫 1 , 张津睿 1 , 韦菲菲 1 , 翟爱华 1, 2, * , 王颖 1, 2, *
食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026,47(2): 337-346
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食品工业科技 |分析检测 2026 , 47 (2) : 337 -346
不同品种大米米粥的食用品质分析比较
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殷泽1 , 王雪纯1, 王世鑫1, 张津睿1, 韦菲菲1, 翟爱华1, 2, * , 王颖1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院,黑龙江大庆 163000
  • 2国家杂粮技术工程研究中心,黑龙江大庆 163000
通讯作者:
翟爱华(1970−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程,E-mail:。
王颖(1979−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏工程及食品质量安全,E-mail:。
作者简介:

殷泽(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程,E-mail:

Analysis and Comparison of Edible Quality of Rice Porridge of Different Varieties
Ze YIN1 , Xuechun WANG1, Shixin WANG1, Jinrui ZHANG1, Feifei WEI1, Aihua ZHAI1, 2, * , Ying WANG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural Univercity, Daqing 163000, China
  • 2National Engineering Research Center of Coarse Grain Technology, Daqing 163000, China
出版时间: 2026-01-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020212
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为筛选适宜煮粥的粥米品种,选用7种不同品种大米,分析大米的理化特性,从大米提取淀粉,分析直链淀粉、淀粉分子量分布及糊化特性,并测定米粥的蒸煮特性、质构特性及食用品质,以期获得大米淀粉相关特性与米粥品质的相关性。结果表明,7种不同品种间蛋白质及直链淀粉含量方面均存在显著差异(P<0.05),‘绥粳101’和‘龙粳31’的蛋白质含量为7.90%和7.84%,直链淀粉含量分别为19.76%和19.96%,均处于米粥品质的理想范围内,避免了过高或过低的含量导致米粥的粘度和硬度失衡。大米淀粉分子量分布存在差异(P<0.05),其中‘绥粳101’的分子量分布最窄,使米粥结构更均匀。糊化特性分析表明,‘绥粳101’的崩解值最低为930 mPa·s,蒸煮过程中米粥结构不易被破坏。在米粥品质方面,‘绥粳101’和‘龙粳31’具有较高的感官评分,质构特性中‘绥粳101’的米粥弹性最高为2.71 mm,‘龙粳31’的米汤内聚性最低为0.68。相关性分析显示,感官评价与蛋白质含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),崩解值与米粥质构特性呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。综上,淀粉分子量分布和糊化特性可作为测定米粥品质的指标,‘绥粳101’和‘龙粳31’是适合煮粥且具有开发潜力的品种,并为大米品种的选育提供了理论依据。

大米粥  /  食用品质  /  淀粉  /  分子量  /  质构特性

To identify suitable rice varieties for porridge preparation, seven different rice cultivars were selected for physicochemical characterization. Starch was isolated from each variety to analyze its amylose content, molecular weight distribution, and pasting properties. The cooking characteristics, textural properties, and eating quality of the prepared porridge were evaluated to establish correlations between rice starch properties and porridge quality. The results revealed significant differences (P<0.05) in protein and amylose contents among the seven varieties. 'Sui-Japonica 101' and 'Long-Japonica 31' exhibited protein contents of 7.90% and 7.84%, with amylose contents of 19.76% and 19.96%, respectively. These values fell within the optimal range for porridge quality, preventing undesirable viscosity and hardness imbalances. The molecular weight distribution of rice starch also varied significantly (P<0.05), with 'Sui-Japonica 101' exhibiting the narrowest distribution, resulting in a more homogeneous porridge structure. Pasting property analysis indicated that 'Sui-Japonica 101' had the lowest breakdown value (930 mPa·s), suggesting better structural stability during cooking. Regarding porridge quality, 'Sui-Japonica 101' and 'Long-Japonica 31' received the highest sensory scores. Texture profile analysis showed that 'Sui-Japonica 101' porridge had the highest springiness (2.71 mm), while 'Long-Japonica 31' displayed the lowest soup cohesiveness (0.68). Correlation analysis demonstrated that sensory evaluation was significantly positively correlated with protein content (P<0.01), whereas the breakdown value showed a significant negative correlation with textural properties (P<0.05). In conclusion, starch molecular weight distribution and pasting properties can serve as effective indicators for evaluating porridge quality. 'Sui-Japonica 101' and 'Long-Japonica 31' were identified as promising varieties for porridge preparation, providing a theoretical basis for rice breeding selection.

rice porridge  /  edible quality  /  starch  /  molecular weight  /  texture characteristics
殷泽, 王雪纯, 王世鑫, 张津睿, 韦菲菲, 翟爱华, 王颖. 不同品种大米米粥的食用品质分析比较. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (2) : 337 -346 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020212
Ze YIN, Xuechun WANG, Shixin WANG, Jinrui ZHANG, Feifei WEI, Aihua ZHAI, Ying WANG. Analysis and Comparison of Edible Quality of Rice Porridge of Different Varieties[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (2) : 337 -346 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020212
稻谷作为中国人的主食,占国内主食消费总量的65%以上,其中以米饭和米粥为主[1]。淀粉是大米的主要组成部分,分为直链淀粉和支链淀粉,其比例和特性直接影响大米的食用品质。在中国,吃粥的传统可以追溯到几千年前[2]。大米在煮制过程中充分吸水膨胀,使米汤变得浓稠,米粥因其解渴、充饥的特性,口味多样、易于消化吸收,适合各个年龄段的人群食用,因而深受喜爱[3]。米粥的食用品质受多种因素影响,包括大米品种、蒸煮品质和质构特性等。不同品种大米的水分含量、蛋白质含量、淀粉含量均存在较大差异[4]。随着大众生活水平的提升,人们对大米食用品质的要求越来越高,尤其是对大米蒸煮后食用品质的研究显得尤为重要[5]。
现有研究对米粥系统的研究较少,米粥的食用品质主要集中在感官评价等特性上,这些特性与大米的品种密切相关。研究表明,大米的直链淀粉含量、不同大米品种的直链淀粉含量是影响米粥品质的关键,米粥的黏度变化主要源于淀粉颗粒的膨胀行为[6]。Deng等[7]研究认为适中的直链淀粉含量能使米粥形成最佳黏度,当含量过低时,淀粉颗粒过度膨胀并破裂降低黏度,含量过高时抑制颗粒膨胀使黏度不足;米粥对颗粒完整性要求相对较低且米粥的适口性主要取决于其黏性和流动性[8]。Sim等[9]对米粥的质构特性进行了初步分析;Mi等[10]通过感官评价对不同品种大米煮制的米粥进行了评估。这些研究局限于单一的分析,在不同品种大米的成分、蒸煮品质和质构特性之间的关联性研究上缺乏系统性分析。
研究基于东北地区丰富的水稻种质资源,从众多大米品种中筛选7个黑龙江省、吉林省主栽且具区域特色的代表性品种。所选品种全面覆盖区域内主流类型,包括高产型、优质型及粥用型大米品种。有助于深入探究米粥食用品质的内在规律,为后续研究提供丰富且具代表性的数据样本。对食用品质、理化特性和蒸煮品质进行测定分析。在蒸煮品质测定上,创新性地将米粥分为全米粥、米粒和米汤三部分利用质构仪测定,研究各部分的特性及差异。明确理化特性、蒸煮特性及质构特性与米粥食用品质的关联,筛选适宜煮粥的品种,为大米加工利用和市场开发提供依据,推动大米产业发展。
粳稻原料 均购置于当地超市,品种分别为‘东农456’、‘吉粳511’、‘绥粳101’、‘吉粳83’、‘吉宏6号’、‘龙粳31’、‘龙稻20’,编号记作N1~N7,样品均为圆粒粳米;直链/支链/总淀粉含量(酶法)试剂盒 格锐思生物有限公司;无水乙醇、乙酸 分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司;DMSO(二甲基亚砜) 色谱纯,CNW公司;溴化锂 分析纯,Sigma公司。
TGL-16M高速台式冷冻离心机 湖南湘仪离心机仪器有限公司;FC162微电脑电饭煲 广东美的生活电器制造有限公司;WR10QC色差仪 威福光电科技有限公司;TA.XT.Plus质构仪 英国Sable Micro System公司;SpectraMax 190全波长酶标仪 美国MD公司;DELTA320精密pH计 梅特勒-托利多测量技术有限公司;XH-T漩涡混合器 新宝仪器有限公司;Ultimate3000高效液相色谱仪 Thermo公司;OPTILAB T-rex示差检测器、DAWN HELEOS-Ⅱ激光光散射检测器 Wyatt公司。
蛋白质含量采用凯氏定氮法,参照GB 5009.5-2016《食品中蛋白质的测定》。
总淀粉含量参照GB 5009.9-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中淀粉的测定》;直链淀粉含量用直链淀粉含量(酶法)试剂盒测定,按说明书操作进行测定,按下列公式计算。
$ \mathrm{直}\mathrm{链}\mathrm{淀}\mathrm{粉}\mathrm{含}\mathrm{量}(\mathrm{m}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{g})=\frac{6\times ({\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{直}\mathrm{链}\mathrm{淀}\mathrm{粉}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{空}\mathrm{白}})}{({\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{标}\mathrm{准}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{空}\mathrm{白}})\times \mathrm{W}} $
$ \mathrm{直}\mathrm{链}\mathrm{淀}\mathrm{粉}\mathrm{含}\mathrm{量}(\text{%})=\frac{({\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{直}\mathrm{链}\mathrm{淀}\mathrm{粉}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{空}\mathrm{白}})}{({\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{标}\mathrm{准}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{空}\mathrm{白}})}\times 61.54 $
式中,A为吸光值;W为样品质量,g;6为直链淀粉稀释倍数;61.54为6除以9.75(总淀粉稀释倍数)的百分数。
首先,称取100 g大米粉,加入800 mL质量分数为0.15%的NaOH溶液,在25 ℃下,使用磁力搅拌器搅拌30 min,然后室温下静置12 h,期间每4 h更换一次NaOH溶液。然后,用蒸馏水洗涤形成的淀粉层,在20 ℃、4000 r/min的条件下离心10 min,以去除上清液、上层黄色蛋白质和杂质。此步骤需重复2~3次进行,直至淀粉层中其他物质被完全去除。最后,将洗净的白色淀粉沉淀物重新悬浮于500 mL蒸馏水中,通过加入盐酸溶液调整pH至7.0。再次在20 ℃、4000 r/min的条件下离心10 min,然后用蒸馏水多次洗涤沉淀物直至干净。将提取出的大米淀粉进行干燥处理,并粉碎过100目筛备用[11]。
采用凝胶色谱-示差-多角度激光光散射系统,液相系统为U3000,示差检测器为Optilab T-rEX,激光光散射检测器为DAWN HELEOS Ⅱ,λ=663.7 nm。称取已纯化淀粉5 mg,加5 mL流动相DMSO,80 ℃加热溶解3 h,过 0.22 μm 微孔滤膜后上机测试。色谱条件如下:凝胶排阻色谱柱(Ohpak SB-805 HQ(300×8 mm),Ohpak SB-804 HQ(300×8 mm),Ohpak SB-803 HQ(300×8 mm));柱温60 ℃;进样量200 μL;流动相A(0.5% LiBr,DMSO);流速0.3 mL/min;洗脱梯度:等度120 min;DMSO溶液:dn/dc值0.07 mL/g。采用ASTRA6.1数据分析,计算重均分子量、数均分子量,多分散指数(Polydispersity Index,PDI)和分支密度(ρ)[12]。
$ \mathrm{P}\mathrm{D}\mathrm{I}=\frac{{\mathrm{M}}_{\mathrm{W}}}{{\mathrm{M}}_{\mathrm{n}}} $
$ \rho =\frac{{\mathrm{M}}_{\mathrm{w}}}{{{\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{z}}}^{3}} $
式中:Mw为重均分子量;Mn为数均分子量;Rz为平均回转半径。
称取3 g样品与25 mL蒸馏水混匀置于铝盒内,采用快速黏度分析仪进行测定[13]。检测条件:50 ℃保持1 min,以12 ℃/min升至95 ℃,保持2.5 min,以120 ℃/min降至50 ℃,保持3 min;前10 s搅拌速率960 r/min,10 s之后保持160 r/min,并记录样品数据。
准确称取50 g大米,使用清水将大米清洗3次,随后置于室温环境下,按照1:7.5的料水比加入自来水进行浸泡,持续时间为30 min后,将浸泡后的大米置于电饭煲中,选择煮粥程序,进行45 min的蒸煮处理。
米粥的吸水率、膨胀率的测定参照周湘寒等[14]的方法。米粥冷却至室温后称重,测定蒸煮前大米样品质量和体积及蒸煮后米粥的质量和体积。按照下列公式计算吸水率(A,%)和膨胀率(B,%)。
$ \mathrm{A}(\text{%})=\frac{{\mathrm{m}}_{1}}{{\mathrm{m}}_{0}}\times 100 $
$ \mathrm{B}(\text{%})=\frac{{\mathrm{v}}_{1}}{{\mathrm{v}}_{0}}\times 100 $
式中:m0为大米样品质量,g;m1为蒸煮后米粥质量,g;v0为大米样品体积,mL;v1为蒸煮后米粥体积,mL。
将蒸煮好的米粥米汤冷却至室温后,使用pH计进行测定[14]。将pH计的电极插入米汤中,读取并记录pH。每个样品重复测定3次,结果取平均值。
米汤固形物含量的测定参照韦智[15]的方法进行修改。称量未加入米汤试管质量和蒸煮米汤于试管中的质量,再将试管于110 ℃干燥至恒重。通过称量烘干后试管质量。按照下列公式计算米汤固形物含量(C,%)。
$\rm C(\text{%})= \frac{{\mathrm{m}}_{3}-{\mathrm{m}}_{1}}{{\mathrm{m}}_{2}-{\mathrm{m}}_{1}}\times 100 $
式中:m1为空试管质量,g;m2为蒸煮后米汤和试管总质量,g;m3为烘干后米汤和试管总质量,g。
将蒸煮后的米粥样品进行匀浆,随后倒入石英皿中,使用色差仪前严格校准,将色差仪垂直于7种不同品种米粥样品表面进行测定,每个样品在3个不同的位置测定[16],结果采用三色协调系统(L*、a*、b*)表示。
将蒸煮后的米粥样品分为三部分使用质构仪测定,均匀混合米粥和米汤选用TPA程序和P/50的圆盘形挤压检测探头,测前速度、测试速度为10 mm/min,测后速度20 mm/min,测试距离30 mm,感应力Auto 4.0 g[17];米粒用镊子从容器中部夹起10粒煮好的米粥,均匀地分别以放射状放置在平台中央,选用TPA程序和P/50的圆柱形挤压检测探头,测前速度、测试速度、测后速度为10 mm/min,压缩比75%;米汤待米粥蒸煮放凉后过滤米粒后选用TA/2圆柱形探头,米汤与米粥测定参数条件相同,每个样品重复测定3次,结果取平均值。
感官评价小组由10名经过系统感官评价培训的食品专业研究生组成,按照 GB/T 15682-2008《粮油检验 稻谷、大米蒸煮食用品质感官评价方法》评分方法结合米粥的品质特性,选择气味、色泽、外观、组织状态、黏性、咀嚼性、硬度共7个因素对7个不同品种米粥的口感进行评价,具体评价标准见表1[18]。
所有数据均为3次重复试验,结果以平均值±标准差表示,图表由Excel绘制,使用IBM SPSS 22.0软件对所得数据进行相关性分析(Pearson相关系数法),采用Duncan极差法进行多重比较,P<0.05表示差异显著。
淀粉是大米的主要成分,总淀粉和直支链淀粉含量的高低对米粥品质有不同影响,总淀粉由直链和支链淀粉构成,品种间总淀粉含量差异源于二者动态变化。如表2所示,不同品种间淀粉含量存在较大的差异(P<0.05),N5的淀粉含量最高为85.62%,N4最低为79.65%,淀粉含量较高的大米,在蒸煮后米粥质地较软,而淀粉含量相对较低的品种,可能会导致米粥口感偏硬;在黑龙江省水稻品种的理化性质及结构的研究中,大米淀粉含量在75.00%~85.94%之间[19],本研究与之结果一致。总淀粉含量高,煮粥时释放淀粉多,提升米粥浓稠度和碳水化合物含量。
从表2可以看出,直链淀粉含量在17.22%~22.58%范围内,最高的N5为22.58%,直、支链淀粉比例可能会影响米粥的质构,直链淀粉含量高,米粥颗粒感强、黏性弱,支链淀粉含量高则黏性强、口感软糯[20]。此外,N2的蛋白质含量最高为8.21%,其余大米的蛋白质含量范围在7%~8%之间,蛋白质是大米的第二大组成部分,主要分布于胚乳中,蛋白质含量高的品种的大米结构更为紧密,在蒸煮过程中更不易吸水,间接影响米粥蒸煮品质和口感[21]。
淀粉的分子量会影响淀粉直链淀粉和支链淀粉的比例和特性,进而影响米粥的黏稠度、口感和适口性。数均分子量(Mn)是样品中所有聚合链分子量的统计平均值,它代表了聚合物链的平均分子量;重均分子量(Mw)表示聚合物在溶液中的分子体积;多分散性指数(PDI)用于衡量聚合物分子量分布的广度,是通过Mw和Mn的比值计算得出的,PDI越大,表明分子量分布越宽[22];平均旋转半径(Rz)是表征线性聚合物分子尺寸的常数;分支密度(ρ)是表征聚合物分支程度的参数[23]。
不同品种的大米淀粉的分子量分布存在显著差异(P<0.05),如表3所示,淀粉的Mn范围为3.07×108~5.57×108 g/mol,其中N4最大,在糊化过程中,N4因其较大的分子体积和复杂的分支结构,更易形成稳定且致密的网络结构。较大的分子体积不仅增大了分子间相互作用位点,其较大的分支结构使水分子更易包裹,进而提升米粥的黏稠度[24]。
Mw为7.09×108~11.01×108 g/mol,N5的Mw低于其他品种。同时,N5的分支密度ρ最大为2.94 g/mol/nm3,N5虽分子量较低,但分支密度高,分子排列紧密。在糊化过程中,紧密排列的分子结构限制水分子的进入,导致吸水较少,进而黏性较低。此外,N5的PDI最高为2.31,表明其分子量分布较广,既有短链分子快速参与溶出和凝胶形成,又有长链分子影响结构稳定性,然而过度宽泛的分子量分布会破坏淀粉结构的均匀性,致使米粥质地呈现出不均匀的状态;N6的Mw最高,Rz也最大。较低的分子密度使分子结构更松散,在煮粥过程中,大量水分子促使淀粉颗粒充分膨胀,分子间的相互作用较弱,水分子更易扩散进入淀粉分子的空隙中,从而极大地增加了米粥的黏稠性[25]。
通常情况下,高分子量淀粉具有较大的分子体积和较低的分支密度。在煮粥时,能更好地与水分子相互作用,淀粉颗粒充分吸水膨胀,进而构建均匀的网络结构,赋予米粥柔软、细腻的口感[26]。与之相反,低分子量淀粉结构紧密,分子间空隙小,导致吸水能力差,使米粥呈现出稀薄的状态。短链淀粉在水中能够快速溶解并聚集,促进淀粉的溶出和凝胶形成,长链淀粉一般维持结构的稳定性[27]。
糊化特性通过影响淀粉颗粒的膨胀程度或者结合水的能力,进而影响峰值黏度来反映颗粒的凝胶结构[28]。由表4可知,七种大米淀粉的峰值黏度范围在2943~3932 mPa·s。其中N4的峰值黏度最高为3932 mPa·s,支链淀粉含量高通常会导致更高的峰值黏度,高分子量的N4显著(P<0.05)增强了分子链的水合能力,通过空间位阻促进颗粒膨胀,这与段慧玲等[29]研究中关于支链淀粉分子量对黏度影响的相符;峰值黏度越高,说明其膨胀能力较好,米粥的黏滞性越强。崩解值反映淀粉在加热搅拌过程中的剪切力,是淀粉在加热过程中颗粒结构裂解难易程度的量度[30]。结果表明,N3崩解值相对最低,崩解值为930 mPa·s,分子量的大小可能影响淀粉的溶解性和凝胶结构的稳定性,N3的分子量分布最窄,表明分子链长度高度均一,增强了分子链的缠结密度,形成更均匀的三维网络结构,从而具有较好的稳定性,崩解值较低;N2崩解值最大,为2742.62 mPa·s,N2的数均分子量较低,表明其分子链较短,这些短链在加热时更容易溶解,导致黏度下降更快,崩解值增加。
七种淀粉样品的成糊温度在70.67~73.11 ℃之间,N2的糊化温度最高,为73.11 ℃,如表2和表3,直链淀粉含量较高的N2呈现分子量分布较窄的特征,这种分子特征因为直链分子排列更紧密通过限制颗粒溶胀速率,导致其较其他品种需要更高温度才能分解糊化。王德生等[31]研究了大米淀粉的糊化性质,发现较高直链淀粉含量在一定程度上减缓了淀粉颗粒吸水膨胀的速度,本研究结果与其研究结论相契合。回生值为最终黏度和热浆黏度的差值,能够反映淀粉糊冷却后的稳定性和回生特性,通常作为评价淀粉糊老化程度的指标。七种样品中N3的回生值最高,为2011.05 mPa·s,回生值差异与淀粉链重结晶动力学相关,N3的分子量较低,有利于冷却过程中分子链的快速重排,通过分子间氢键形成致密结晶区,导致其回生值增强。
对7种不同品种大米的蒸煮品质(吸水率、膨胀率、米汤固形物含量)进行指标测定,测定结果见表5。在大米蒸煮过程中,颗粒内部的淀粉、蛋白质等成分会发生吸水并产生膨胀现象,直链淀粉、蛋白质、脂质、可溶性糖等物质溶出[32]。N5的吸水率和膨胀率显著高于其他品种(P<0.05),分别为2.78%和3.64%,N1的吸水率和膨胀率相对最低,分别为1.98%和3.14%。大米吸水率越高,蒸煮时间会随之缩短,从而得到口感更佳的米粥。此外,较高的吸水率会使大米在蒸煮后具有更高的膨胀率,吸水率较高的大米通常颗粒硬度较小、黏性较大,这与前文感官评分结果相呼应。Li等[33]的研究也指出,大米的吸水率和膨胀率会影响米粥的食用品质。
米汤固形物含量是反映谷物蒸煮品质好坏的指标之一,其含量高低与直链淀粉的溶出特性及米粒结构特征密切相关[34]。N3的米汤固形物含量最高为4.26%,这与其较高的直链淀粉含量直接相关。研究表明,直链淀粉含量与米汤固形物呈显著正相关(P<0.05),高直链淀粉含量的谷物在蒸煮过程中更易释放可溶性物质,导致米汤固形物含量增加[35]。N4的米汤固形物含量最低为2.64%,N3在蒸煮时淀粉溶出更充分,形成更密集的凝胶网络结构,从而提升米粥黏度并提升口感品质
测定米汤的pH是为了了解米粥的化学特性,不同品种米粥的pH差异反映了其反应程度的不同,这归因于淀粉含量与结构的差异。直链淀粉含量会影响米粥蒸煮过程中酸性或碱性物质的产生,进而导致米汤pH的不同。米汤pH越接近中性,淀粉颗粒更促进吸水膨胀和糊化,进而影响米粥的黏度使米粥食用品质更好[36]。由表5可以看出,N3、N6的pH接近中性,更适合作为粥米蒸煮。
色泽是检验蒸煮后米粥品质的指标之一[37],表6表明不同品种的大米粥色度空间分布情况。L*值衡量米粥的亮度;a*值反映米粥表面红绿程度,正值表示红色较强,负值则指绿色更明显;而b*值表示米粥表面的黄蓝程度,正值指黄色成分占优,负值则表明蓝色成分更突出。米粥的亮度和黄度越大,越容易被消费者接受,由表6可知,N3具有较高亮度(L*)和较低的黄度(b*),7种大米粥的红绿度(a*)差异不大,说明N3的米粥在色泽上亮度较高更具光泽。
米粥的质构对大米食用品质起到重要作用[38],它能够客观地反映食品的质地与组织结构,质构与形态、化学组成等因素有关。淀粉作为大米的主要成分,其含量(直支链比例)及分子量分布对质构特性具有决定性作用,进而影响米粥的质构特性,具有较大分子量的支链淀粉有助于形成更柔软、更细腻的米粥[39]。将7种不同品种大米蒸煮制成米粥分为全米粥、米粒和米汤三部分进行分析,表7~表9是质构特性的结果,全米粥的质地和口感可能与米粒和米汤有所不同。由表7可知,不同品种的大米米粥在粘附性、咀嚼性和内聚性方面存在显著差异(P<0.05),而在胶粘性和弹性方面的差异则较小。不同品种的大米在蒸煮成粥后,其硬度和粘度的变化直接影响了粥的口感,粘附性是评价大米粥食用品质的重要指标,内聚性是模拟口腔中的食物被咀嚼前的压缩程度,同时可以反映食物的硬度[40],由表7可知,N2的内聚性最高,而其余品种的内聚性与之呈负相关,N2和N6的弹性显著低于其他品种(P<0.05),这是由于直链淀粉分子链长且线性,在糊化过程中易与游离脂肪酸形成刚性淀粉-脂复合物[41],抑制凝胶网络延展性,导致米粥质地偏硬、弹性降低。此外,研究表明蛋白质含量与大米蒸煮后的硬度呈正相关[42],即蛋白质含量越高,米粒结构越紧密,这与前文表2理化特性结果相互印证。
除了N1的胶粘性较高以外,其余品种胶粘性的差异均不显著,胶粘性主要受支链淀粉含量影响,N1因支链淀粉的高度分支化结构可促进分子链水合及缠绕,形成粘性凝胶,从而提升米粥的顺滑度[43];N2和N5的咀嚼性和弹性也相较其他品种有显著的降低(P<0.05),这归因于大米的直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量和水分含量等理化特性都会对米粥的食用品质有影响,在蒸煮过程中,直链淀粉会与游离脂肪酸形成淀粉脂复合物[44],从而影响粘弹性,N2和N5的直链淀粉含量较其他品种含量最高,过高的直链淀粉含量会导致米粥煮熟后较硬,粘性较低。
高直链淀粉品种的淀粉分子量分布较宽,蒸煮后会导致米粒硬度高、弹性低[45],低直链淀粉品种分子链较短,使米粥糊化更彻底,米粒质地柔软且弹性保留较好;如表8所示,米粒的质构特性差异较小,表明蒸煮对米粒的质构特性与淀粉分子量分布的影响有限,可能由于品种间直链淀粉含量比较集中,使米粒的硬度、粘性差异不显著。米汤的粘附性和胶粘性相较于米粥和米粒明显更高,并且存在显著差异(P<0.05),米汤的粘度特性取决于溶出淀粉的类型及分子量,如表9所示,淀粉比例高的N5在蒸煮过程中淀粉颗粒在吸水膨胀后逐渐破裂,释放出淀粉分子,这些分子在水中相互缠绕形成网状结构,从而增加了米汤的粘度[46]。相反,直链淀粉含量较高的品种因溶出淀粉较少,米汤粘度降低。
感官评价是评估大米粥食用品质的最直观的方式。由不同品种大米所制成的米粥,在口感维度展现出显著的多样性。通过感官评价对不同品种大米粥的口感和食用品质予以区分[47],由表10可知,在组织状态方面,N3的评分较高,米粥的稠度适中,米粒分散,质地较好;在外观、黏性和色泽方面N3、N1的评分相对较高,米汤和米粒之间有一定的粘性,米粒完整表面无破损,并且米粥又亮有光泽,呈正常的米色。N1的综合评分相对较低,可能是米粒破碎较严重,米粥过度粘稠;在硬度和咀嚼性方面,N3的评分相对较高,米粥的米粒较软,适口性好,口感比较舒适;N3和N6米粥的咀嚼性相对适中,符合大部分人的选择,而评分较低的米粥在咀嚼性相较过软和过硬;在香气方面,7种米粥均具有较浓郁的米香气,香气的整体协调性较好。通过综合评价不同品种间N3的组织状态、外观和色泽较好,使其感官评分提高。7种不同品种大米粥感官得分由高到低依次为:N3>N6>N2≈N4≈N5≈N7>N1。研究表明,淀粉含量处于中间值的大米所制米粥,米粒和米汤在外观、质地和口感等感官指标表现更优。其中,N3的感官评价最高,且直链淀粉含量处于七个不同品种大米的中间值,与2.1节理化特性的研究结果相互印证。
如图1所示,米粥的食用品质与大米理化性质之间存在相关性。直链淀粉含量和吸水率、膨胀率呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),说明在蒸煮过程中直链淀粉与水分子结合,会增加米粥的吸水膨胀能力[48];膨胀率与分支密度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与数均分子量呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。这是因为分支结构能使淀粉颗粒更吸水,进而促使米粥膨胀,且大分子淀粉可抑制淀粉颗粒的膨胀,使米粥整体膨胀程度降低[49];膨胀率和热浆黏度、最终黏度、回生值呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),膨胀率和糊化温度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),证实膨胀过程中从淀粉颗粒中溶出的淀粉分子在米汤内分散,淀粉颗粒间相互作用使米粥黏度升高[50];崩解值与黏附性、咀嚼性、弹性和胶粘性呈显著负相关(P<0.05),这归因于崩解值较高时,淀粉分子溶出增多,形成的凝胶网络相对疏松,导致米粥质构特性降低[51];峰值黏度和米汤固形物含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05),说明峰值黏度高的淀粉在糊化时更易形成凝胶网络使固形物含量减少[52];感官评价和蛋白质含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),说明蛋白质在加热过程中限制淀粉颗粒膨胀,会改善米粥的质地均匀性,提升口感[53]。直链淀粉含量、分子量分布和糊化特性可作为测定米粥质构特性的指标。
通过对7种不同品种大米理化特性、蒸煮品质和感官评价的测定,考察了其特性对米粥品质的影响。结果表明,不同品种大米淀粉的糊化特性差异与米粥质构特性密切相关,峰值黏度与固形物含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05),分子量与蒸煮特性具有显著相关性(P<0.05)。感官评价和蛋白质含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。淀粉含量及分子量分布是使米粥质构产生差异的重要因素,其中,‘绥粳101’、‘龙粳31’的直链淀粉含量处于中间值,使米粥的弹性和黏度优于其他品种,并且‘绥粳101’固形物含量最高为4.26%,‘龙粳31’的吸水率和膨胀率分别为2.47%和3.38%,两种粥体具有更佳的口感,相对于其他品种感官评分较高。故蒸煮特性和质构特性均能验证食用品质,‘绥粳101’和‘龙粳31’可作为优质粥米品种。本研究阐明了大米理化特性与米粥食用品质的关系,并为粥用大米的品种选育和市场选择提供了科学依据。

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2026年第47卷第2期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020212
  • 接收时间:2025-02-26
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-26
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    1黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院,黑龙江大庆 163000
    2国家杂粮技术工程研究中心,黑龙江大庆 163000

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翟爱华(1970−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程,E-mail:。
王颖(1979−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏工程及食品质量安全,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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