Article(id=1320889664974737712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320889471592149951, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030099, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1741536000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854237072, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854237072, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854237072, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854237072, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320889471592149951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771084800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854190967, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854190967, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=107, endPage=114, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889665180258609, articleId=1320889664974737712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Preparation, Characterization, and Effects of Fraction PKP84 of Polygonatum kingianum Polysaccharides on Drosophila melanogaster with Alcohol Dependence, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective: To separate and purify novel fraction PKP84 of Polygonatum kingianum polysaccharides, and to analyze its structure and effects on Drosophila melanogaster with alcohol dependence. Methods: Polysaccharides were extracted from P. kingianum using water decoction and ethanol precipitation. Fraction PKP84 was isolated using various methods, such as grading-alcoholic precipitation and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The physicochemical properties of PKP84 were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis. The structural characteristics of PKP84 were identified using circular dichroism, scanning electron microscopy, and Congo red experiment. Results: Intervention with PKP84 significantly decreased alcohol levels (P<0.05) in D. melanogaster and reduced the alcohol preference index value to less than zero after 3 d. Moreover, PKP84 increased the activities of certain antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, and notably decreased malondialdehyde levels (P<0.01). PKP84 had a triple helical structure composed of glucose, galactose, xylose, and rhamnose, and its molecular weight was 1.7×105 Da. There was a strong positive Cotton effect near 212 nm and a weak negative Cotton effect near 198 nm. The micromorphology of PKP84 was complex and multibranched. PKP84 thermally lost weight at the range of 214~390 ℃, and the average weight loss rate was approximately 49%. Conclusion: PKP84 reverses alcohol preference and alleviates oxidative stress in D. melanogaster with alcohol dependence. These findings support the potential application of P. kingianum in the prevention and treatment of alcohol dependence.

, authors=Yichao LIU1, 2, Xiaohua YANG2, Huafeng ZHANG1, *, Jiaqi YANG1, Ziqi LIU1, authorsList=Yichao LIU, Xiaohua YANG, Huafeng ZHANG, Jiaqi YANG, Ziqi LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Huafeng ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889668837691719, articleId=1320889664974737712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=滇黄精多糖组分PKP84的制备、表征及其对果蝇酒精依赖的干预效应, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的:分离纯化滇黄精多糖新组分PKP84,分析其结构及对模式生物果蝇酒精依赖的干预效应。方法:采用水提醇沉法提取滇黄精多糖,经乙醇分级分离和Sephadex G-100凝胶柱层析等分离纯化得到多糖组分PKP84,采用热重分析等研究其理化性质,采用圆二色谱、扫描电子显微镜、刚果红实验等进行结构表征,采用果蝇模型探究其对酒精依赖的干预效果。结果:PKP84干预后,果蝇体内酒精含量显著降低(P<0.05),酒精偏好指数(alcohol preference index,PI)减小,干预3 d时PI<0,过氧化氢酶等活力升高,丙二醛水平明显下降(P<0.01)。PKP84由葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖、鼠李糖4种单糖组成,分子量为1.7×105 Da,在212 nm处有较强的正Cotton效应,在198 nm处有较弱的负Cotton效应,具有三螺旋体结构,微观形貌表现为多分支复杂立体结构,热失重主要集中在214~390 ℃温度区间内,平均失重率约为49%。结论:PKP84能够逆转酒精依赖果蝇的酒精偏好性,改善氧化应激状态。本研究为滇黄精在酒精依赖干预中的应用提供了参考。

, authors=刘翌超1, 2, 杨晓华2, 张华峰1, *, 杨嘉琪1, 刘紫祺1, authorsList=刘翌超, 杨晓华, 张华峰, 杨嘉琪, 刘紫祺, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张华峰, authorNote=

刘翌超(1997−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:药食同源植物资源开发与利用,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
张华峰(1975−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品营养与安全,E-mail:。
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Journal of Experimental Zoology, 2025, 343(4): 511−520., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320889669030629704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889664974737712, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889669039018313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889664974737712, companyId=1320889669030629704, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, National Engineering Laboratory of Endangered Medicinal Materials Resources Development in Northwest China, International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Food and Health Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889669047406922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889664974737712, companyId=1320889669030629704, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陕西师范大学中俄食品与健康科学国际联合研究中心,西北濒危药材资源开发国家工程实验室,食品工程与营养科学学院,陕西西安 710119)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320889669118710091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889664974737712, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889669127098700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889664974737712, companyId=1320889669118710091, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Research Station of Selenium-Enriched Tea of Shaanxi Province, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889669131293005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889664974737712, companyId=1320889669118710091, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2西安交通大学医学部,陕西省富硒茶科技创新试验示范站,陕西西安 710061)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320889672721617266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889664974737712, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effects of fractions PKP42, PKP63 and PKP84 on alcohol preference of Drosophila melanogaster suffering from alcohol dependence, figureFileSmall=bpdyaqeeYK/eXk5D+O46WA==, figureFileBig=1bBuOv7cYWCWPMsjiJtUFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889672788726131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889664974737712, language=CN, label=图1, caption=滇黄精多糖PKP42、PKP63和PKP84组分对酒精依赖果蝇酒精偏好性的影响, figureFileSmall=bpdyaqeeYK/eXk5D+O46WA==, figureFileBig=1bBuOv7cYWCWPMsjiJtUFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889672969081204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889664974737712, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Alcohol level in Drosophila melanogaster, figureFileSmall=XoaqFq1QU+8QXTn1zE+VvA==, figureFileBig=M0NK11XLH2fd7PTJRzWydA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889673027801461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889664974737712, language=CN, label=图2, caption=果蝇体内酒精含量

注:AcE:酒精暴露组;NaX:盐酸纳洛酮组(阳性对照组);PKP42:滇黄精多糖PKP42组分干预组;PKP63:滇黄精多糖PKP63组分干预组;PKP84:滇黄精多糖PKP84组分干预组;**表示与AcE组比较,P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=XoaqFq1QU+8QXTn1zE+VvA==, figureFileBig=M0NK11XLH2fd7PTJRzWydA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889673086521718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889664974737712, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of PKP fractions on SOD and CAT activities and MDA level of Drosophila melanogaster, figureFileSmall=pAKnszdK6S33DWqlN/kkyA==, figureFileBig=DKWt7k50/V3qSJUh1nEAbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889673157824887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889664974737712, language=CN, label=图3, caption=滇黄精多糖组分对果蝇SOD、CAT活力和MDA水平的影响

注:NC:正常组;AcE:酒精暴露组;NaX:盐酸纳洛酮组(阳性对照组);PKP42:滇黄精多糖PKP42组分干预组;PKP63:滇黄精多糖PKP63组分干预组;PKP84:滇黄精多糖PKP84组分干预组;##表示与NC组相比,P<0.01;*表示与AcE组相比,P<0.05,**为P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=pAKnszdK6S33DWqlN/kkyA==, figureFileBig=DKWt7k50/V3qSJUh1nEAbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889673224933752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889664974737712, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Ultraviolet spectrum of PKP84, figureFileSmall=9CGVjJvk8z1pvm+XJ7vlVA==, figureFileBig=9ihFfGsSnVfgW5S7PT9n0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889673292042617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889664974737712, language=CN, label=图4, caption=PKP84的紫外光谱, figureFileSmall=9CGVjJvk8z1pvm+XJ7vlVA==, figureFileBig=9ihFfGsSnVfgW5S7PT9n0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889673363345786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889664974737712, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Elution curve of gel chromatography, figureFileSmall=sKKUon4lH75ws3CjWAD77A==, figureFileBig=WSfDIS46GEyeRjOMbzvCRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889673426260347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889664974737712, language=CN, label=图5, caption=凝胶层析洗脱曲线, figureFileSmall=sKKUon4lH75ws3CjWAD77A==, figureFileBig=WSfDIS46GEyeRjOMbzvCRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889673497563516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889664974737712, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Analysis of viscosity-average molecular weight of PKP84, figureFileSmall=25bfuoY4td70hovUs2Bh0w==, figureFileBig=8Mpd4nq66/iaFxyIHvcMYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889673560478077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889664974737712, language=CN, label=图6, caption=PKP84的黏均分子量分析, figureFileSmall=25bfuoY4td70hovUs2Bh0w==, figureFileBig=8Mpd4nq66/iaFxyIHvcMYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889673619198334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889664974737712, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=TGA of PKP84, figureFileSmall=uQI7B+jlYhOJPgavd9NT9Q==, figureFileBig=Z/al6xD3TsCldgYBNkXcxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889673677918591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889664974737712, language=CN, label=图7, caption=PKP84的热重分析, figureFileSmall=uQI7B+jlYhOJPgavd9NT9Q==, figureFileBig=Z/al6xD3TsCldgYBNkXcxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889673753416064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889664974737712, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Circular dichroism spectrum of PKP84, figureFileSmall=thC4Sjf4GduGO2t/6doIMA==, figureFileBig=jYZAuNZ82pUpCnpcNSy0Ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889673820524929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889664974737712, language=CN, label=图8, caption=PKP84的圆二色光谱, figureFileSmall=thC4Sjf4GduGO2t/6doIMA==, figureFileBig=jYZAuNZ82pUpCnpcNSy0Ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889673887633794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889664974737712, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Congo red test of PKP84, figureFileSmall=xrRXwyDG44w6W9fCrzqngQ==, figureFileBig=Z55AtelUYJfYHxYDdMGONQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889673954742659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889664974737712, language=CN, label=图9, caption=PKP84的刚果红实验, figureFileSmall=xrRXwyDG44w6W9fCrzqngQ==, figureFileBig=Z55AtelUYJfYHxYDdMGONQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889674026045828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889664974737712, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Scanning electron micrographs of PKP84(150×, 500×, 1000×), figureFileSmall=1J4T/UyQ7SZJq3pqxHEmyw==, figureFileBig=TL8vKVE2OfbHOBd4eOCaKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889674093154693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889664974737712, language=CN, label=图10, caption=PKP84的扫描电镜图谱(150×,500×,1000×), figureFileSmall=1J4T/UyQ7SZJq3pqxHEmyw==, figureFileBig=TL8vKVE2OfbHOBd4eOCaKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889674168652166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889664974737712, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Composition of liquid medium for Drosophila melanogaster

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培养液建模期样品干预期
无酒精培养液0.05 g·mL−1蔗糖,0.05 g·mL−1酵母提取物,蒸馏水0.05 g·mL−1蔗糖,0.05 g·mL−1酵母提取物,蒸馏水,样品溶液(0.25 mg·mL−1的盐酸纳洛酮或者1.0 mg·mL−1的PKP42、PKP63或PKP84)
含酒精培养液0.05 g·mL−1蔗糖,0.05 g·mL−1酵母提取物,15.0%(V/V)酒精、蒸馏水0.05 g·mL−1蔗糖,0.05 g·mL−1酵母提取物,15.0%(V/V)酒精,蒸馏水,样品溶液(0.25 mg·mL−1的盐酸纳洛酮或者1.0 mg·mL−1的PKP42、PKP63或PKP84)
), ArticleFig(id=1320889674252538247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889664974737712, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

果蝇液体培养基成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
培养液建模期样品干预期
无酒精培养液0.05 g·mL−1蔗糖,0.05 g·mL−1酵母提取物,蒸馏水0.05 g·mL−1蔗糖,0.05 g·mL−1酵母提取物,蒸馏水,样品溶液(0.25 mg·mL−1的盐酸纳洛酮或者1.0 mg·mL−1的PKP42、PKP63或PKP84)
含酒精培养液0.05 g·mL−1蔗糖,0.05 g·mL−1酵母提取物,15.0%(V/V)酒精、蒸馏水0.05 g·mL−1蔗糖,0.05 g·mL−1酵母提取物,15.0%(V/V)酒精,蒸馏水,样品溶液(0.25 mg·mL−1的盐酸纳洛酮或者1.0 mg·mL−1的PKP42、PKP63或PKP84)
), ArticleFig(id=1320889674323841416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889664974737712, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Changes in alcohol preference index of Drosophila melanogaster

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项目1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d
含酒精培养液
消耗量(μL)
3.27±0.30d3.66±0.42c4.37±0.44b4.39±0.35ab4.38±0.20ab4.39±0.35ab4.40±0.27a
无酒精培养液
消耗量(μL)
2.89±0.35a2.82±0.57b2.93±0.44a2.92±0.24a2.65±0.25c2.58±0.41d2.41±0.35e
酒精偏好指数(PI)0.06±0.05f0.13±0.10e0.20±0.05d0.20±0.05d0.24±0.04c0.26±0.07b0.29±0.06a
), ArticleFig(id=1320889674386755977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889664974737712, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

果蝇酒精偏好指数变化趋势

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d
含酒精培养液
消耗量(μL)
3.27±0.30d3.66±0.42c4.37±0.44b4.39±0.35ab4.38±0.20ab4.39±0.35ab4.40±0.27a
无酒精培养液
消耗量(μL)
2.89±0.35a2.82±0.57b2.93±0.44a2.92±0.24a2.65±0.25c2.58±0.41d2.41±0.35e
酒精偏好指数(PI)0.06±0.05f0.13±0.10e0.20±0.05d0.20±0.05d0.24±0.04c0.26±0.07b0.29±0.06a
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滇黄精多糖组分PKP84的制备、表征及其对果蝇酒精依赖的干预效应
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刘翌超 1, 2 , 杨晓华 2 , 张华峰 1, * , 杨嘉琪 1 , 刘紫祺 1
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(4): 107-114
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (4) : 107 -114
滇黄精多糖组分PKP84的制备、表征及其对果蝇酒精依赖的干预效应
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刘翌超1, 2 , 杨晓华2, 张华峰1, * , 杨嘉琪1, 刘紫祺1
作者信息
  • 1陕西师范大学中俄食品与健康科学国际联合研究中心,西北濒危药材资源开发国家工程实验室,食品工程与营养科学学院,陕西西安 710119
  • 2西安交通大学医学部,陕西省富硒茶科技创新试验示范站,陕西西安 710061
通讯作者:
张华峰(1975−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品营养与安全,E-mail:。
作者简介:

刘翌超(1997−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:药食同源植物资源开发与利用,E-mail:

Preparation, Characterization, and Effects of Fraction PKP84 of Polygonatum kingianum Polysaccharides on Drosophila melanogaster with Alcohol Dependence
Yichao LIU1, 2 , Xiaohua YANG2, Huafeng ZHANG1, * , Jiaqi YANG1, Ziqi LIU1
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, National Engineering Laboratory of Endangered Medicinal Materials Resources Development in Northwest China, International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Food and Health Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
  • 2Research Station of Selenium-Enriched Tea of Shaanxi Province, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
出版时间: 2026-02-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030099
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目的:分离纯化滇黄精多糖新组分PKP84,分析其结构及对模式生物果蝇酒精依赖的干预效应。方法:采用水提醇沉法提取滇黄精多糖,经乙醇分级分离和Sephadex G-100凝胶柱层析等分离纯化得到多糖组分PKP84,采用热重分析等研究其理化性质,采用圆二色谱、扫描电子显微镜、刚果红实验等进行结构表征,采用果蝇模型探究其对酒精依赖的干预效果。结果:PKP84干预后,果蝇体内酒精含量显著降低(P<0.05),酒精偏好指数(alcohol preference index,PI)减小,干预3 d时PI<0,过氧化氢酶等活力升高,丙二醛水平明显下降(P<0.01)。PKP84由葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖、鼠李糖4种单糖组成,分子量为1.7×105 Da,在212 nm处有较强的正Cotton效应,在198 nm处有较弱的负Cotton效应,具有三螺旋体结构,微观形貌表现为多分支复杂立体结构,热失重主要集中在214~390 ℃温度区间内,平均失重率约为49%。结论:PKP84能够逆转酒精依赖果蝇的酒精偏好性,改善氧化应激状态。本研究为滇黄精在酒精依赖干预中的应用提供了参考。

滇黄精  /  多糖组分PKP84  /  结构  /  黑腹果蝇  /  酒精依赖

Objective: To separate and purify novel fraction PKP84 of Polygonatum kingianum polysaccharides, and to analyze its structure and effects on Drosophila melanogaster with alcohol dependence. Methods: Polysaccharides were extracted from P. kingianum using water decoction and ethanol precipitation. Fraction PKP84 was isolated using various methods, such as grading-alcoholic precipitation and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The physicochemical properties of PKP84 were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis. The structural characteristics of PKP84 were identified using circular dichroism, scanning electron microscopy, and Congo red experiment. Results: Intervention with PKP84 significantly decreased alcohol levels (P<0.05) in D. melanogaster and reduced the alcohol preference index value to less than zero after 3 d. Moreover, PKP84 increased the activities of certain antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, and notably decreased malondialdehyde levels (P<0.01). PKP84 had a triple helical structure composed of glucose, galactose, xylose, and rhamnose, and its molecular weight was 1.7×105 Da. There was a strong positive Cotton effect near 212 nm and a weak negative Cotton effect near 198 nm. The micromorphology of PKP84 was complex and multibranched. PKP84 thermally lost weight at the range of 214~390 ℃, and the average weight loss rate was approximately 49%. Conclusion: PKP84 reverses alcohol preference and alleviates oxidative stress in D. melanogaster with alcohol dependence. These findings support the potential application of P. kingianum in the prevention and treatment of alcohol dependence.

Polygonatum kingianum  /  fraction PKP84 of polysaccharides  /  structure  /  Drosophila melanogaster  /  alcohol dependence
刘翌超, 杨晓华, 张华峰, 杨嘉琪, 刘紫祺. 滇黄精多糖组分PKP84的制备、表征及其对果蝇酒精依赖的干预效应. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (4) : 107 -114 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030099
Yichao LIU, Xiaohua YANG, Huafeng ZHANG, Jiaqi YANG, Ziqi LIU. Preparation, Characterization, and Effects of Fraction PKP84 of Polygonatum kingianum Polysaccharides on Drosophila melanogaster with Alcohol Dependence[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (4) : 107 -114 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030099
我国的酒文化源远流长,但是长期过量饮酒可能对人体产生较大危害[1−3]。世界卫生组织《酒精与健康全球状况报告(Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health)》指出,全球每年因过量饮酒死亡的人数高达330万,致死率远高于结核病、糖尿病等慢性疾病[1−4]。酒精的过度摄入是人体肝脏、消化道、心血管与神经系统等多系统、多脏器发病的重要诱因,其中神经、精神类疾病的发病率和危害性居于前列[1]。据统计,我国人群酒精依赖的年发生率约为0.7%,其中男性发生率远高于女性[5]。酒精依赖是一种连续或周期性发作的慢性、易复发性、酒精性神经损伤,其发生机制可能是长期反复饮酒造成大脑动机环路系统失衡,进而造成学习、记忆衰退以及躯体功能障碍[6−7]。传统的药食同源植物在酒精依赖、中毒防治中具有重要用途[3]。研究药食同源植物活性物质对酒精依赖的干预效应,开发新型保健食品或特殊医学用途配方食品,对于消除过度饮酒危害具有一定的现实意义。
百合科(Liliaceae)黄精属(Polygonatum)植物滇黄精(大黄精,Polygonatum kingianum)、黄精(鸡头黄精,Polygonatum sibiricum)、多花黄精(姜形黄精,Polygonatum cyrtonema)是我国重要的药食同源植物,被国家卫生部(现国家卫生健康委员会)许可为“既是食品又是药品的物品”,在食品特别是保健食品和特殊医学用途配方食品领域中具有重要用途[8−9]。多糖是黄精等药食同源植物的重要活性成分[8,10]。Chen等[11]采用乙醇分级分离技术从化橘红中制备得到了3个多糖组分,发现其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性和自由基清除能力存在较大差异。Zheng[12]研究发现,鸡头黄精多糖(Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides)能够明显提升大鼠的学习记忆能力。本实验室发现,滇黄精多糖(Polygonatum kingianum polysaccharides,PKP)具有显著的降血糖活性,在此基础上研制出了新型辅助降血糖功能性食品[8,13]。总体上看,目前对鸡头黄精多糖的研究较多,而对滇黄精多糖的研究相对较少,鲜见关于滇黄精多糖干预酒精中毒或酒精依赖的研究报道。黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)是生物医药研究的重要动物模型,其遗传背景清晰,具有大量与人类疾病基因相对应的核酸序列,并且常在富含酒精的发酵基质(培养基)中活动,是天然的酒精暴露生物,比啮齿类动物更适于作为酒精依赖动物模型[14−16]。鉴于此,本研究采用水提醇沉法提取得到滇黄精总多糖,经乙醇分级分离和Sephadex G-100凝胶柱层析等分离纯化到多糖新组分PKP84,采用果蝇模型探究PKP84对酒精依赖的干预效果,应用热重分析(TGA)等方法分析PKP84的理化性质,并应用圆二色谱(CD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、刚果红实验等技术进行结构表征,旨在为滇黄精保健食品或特殊医学用途配方食品的开发提供参考。
新鲜滇黄精 由云南省澜沧澎勃生物药业公司提供,经鉴定为百合科黄精属植物滇黄精的根茎;黑腹果蝇 由陕西师范大学生命科学学院提供,培养于温度(24±1)℃、相对湿度70%的恒温恒湿培养箱;薄层层析硅胶板G 青岛海洋化工公司;酵母提取物 美国Sigma公司;蔗糖 天力公司;盐酸纳洛酮(纯度≥99%) 上海麦克林公司;乙醇含量检测试剂盒 北京索莱宝公司;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醇(MDA)检测试剂盒 南京建成生工研究所;环标毛细管(内径1.35 mm) 德国Hirschmann公司;葡萄糖(纯度≥98%)、鼠李糖(纯度≥98%)、木糖(纯度≥98%)、半乳糖(纯度≥98%)标准品、氯仿、无水乙醇等 西安市欣维瑞化学仪器站。
FDU-1200真空冷冻干燥机 日本Tokyo Rikakikai公司;Q1000DSC+LNCS+FACS Q600SDT热分析系统 美国TA公司;T9CS双光束紫外分光光度计 北京普析通用公司;S-3400N扫描电子显微镜 日本Hitachi公司;Chirascan圆二色光谱仪 英国Applied Photophysics公司;5804R高速冷冻离心机 德国Eppendorf公司。
将新鲜滇黄精根茎清洗、切片、干燥后粉碎成80(目)粉末,以蒸馏水为提取剂,在固液比为1:20(m/V)条件下沸水浴提取60 min,过滤后收集滤液,滤渣再重复提取2次,合并滤液,浓缩至原体积的1/4,再按1:5(V/V)体积比加入无水乙醇,在4 ℃沉淀24 h,离心后收集沉淀,用Sevage法除去其中的蛋白质杂质,冷冻干燥后制得PKP样品[17−19]。将PKP样品复溶于蒸馏水中,用体积分数为42%、63%、84%(终浓度)的梯度乙醇溶液进行分级分离[19],得到3种粗分级样品。用Sephadex G-100凝胶柱层析方法对粗分级样品进行纯化(上样浓度为5.0 mg·mL−1),收集单一洗脱峰流出液[19],冻干后得到分子量不同的3种多糖新组分:PKP42、PKP63、PKP84。
采用毛细管饲喂双选法建立果蝇酒精依赖模型[20−21]。取1~3日龄的成熟雄性果蝇,随机放入毛细管饲喂舱(每舱10只),采用液体培养基(培养液)饲喂(表1),果蝇可通过毛细管自行选择含酒精培养液或无酒精培养液进食,24 h后更换毛细管并记录培养液消耗量,持续7 d后建立果蝇酒精依赖模型[20−21]。自第8 d起,将果蝇随机分为6组:正常组、酒精暴露组(AcE组)、阳性对照组(盐酸纳洛酮组,NaX组)、滇黄精多糖PKP42组分干预组(PKP42组)、滇黄精多糖PKP63组分干预组(PKP63组)、滇黄精多糖PKP84组分干预组(PKP84组),持续饲喂7 d。按照下列公式计算酒精偏好值(酒精偏好指数):
$ \mathrm{PI=(V}_{ \mathrm{e}} -\mathrm{V}_{ \mathrm{ne}} \mathrm{)/V}_{ \mathrm{t}} $
式中,PI为酒精偏好指数;Ve为含酒精培养液消耗量;Vne为无酒精培养液消耗量;Vt为含酒精培养液和无酒精培养液消耗总量。
酒精依赖干预实验结束后,参照Yang等[16]的方法收集果蝇样本,测定其体内酒精含量。
依照试剂盒说明书方法测定果蝇样本的SOD、CAT活力以及MDA含量。
参照Yang等[22]的方法进行Molish实验,分别以葡萄糖溶液(0.01 g·mL−1)和蒸馏水作为阳性和阴性对照,观察PKP84样品溶液的颜色变化。
参照文献[19,23]报道的方法进行I2-KI实验,以淀粉溶液和蒸馏水分别作为阳性和阴性对照,观察PKP84样品溶液的颜色变化。
参照Liang等[24]的方法进行Fehling实验,分别以葡萄糖溶液(0.05 g·mL−1)和蒸馏水作为阳性和阴性对照,观察PKP84样品溶液的颜色变化。
参照Qi等[25]的方法分析PKP84的单糖组成。称取PKP84样品,用2 mol·L−1三氟乙酸在100 ℃水浴中酸解,再用NaOH溶液中和,制备样品待测液。用薄层硅胶板对样品待测液与单糖标准品溶液进行色谱分离,展开剂为乙酸乙酯-吡啶-无水乙醇-水体系,显色剂为苯胺-二苯胺-磷酸体系,显色温度为110 ℃,显色时间为3 min。
使用内径0.55 mm的乌氏黏度计测定黏均分子量(温度为25 ℃),将PKP84的比浓黏度对应梯度浓度进行绘图[19,26],根据Mark-Houwink-Sakurada方程算出分子量[19]。
在N2为保护气、升温速率为10 ℃·min−1、温度由30 ℃升至700 ℃的条件下,测定PKP84的重量变化[8]。
使用蒸馏水溶解适量多糖组分PKP84,于190~400 nm波长区间内进行光谱扫描[22]。
将PKP84溶于蒸馏水中,于190~300 nm波长区间内进行圆二色谱分析[27]。
取1.0 mL的PKP84溶液(1.0 mg·mL−1)与2.0 mL的刚果红溶液(2.0 mmol·L−1)混匀,按比例加入NaOH溶液(1.0 mol·L−1)使其终浓度分别为0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5 mol·L−1,静置30 min后在300~800 nm波长区间内扫描,以蒸馏水为空白对照(对照水)[18]。
取适量PKP84样品均匀粘附于导电胶上,将导电胶放置在样品台上,喷金3 min后取出,用电子显微镜观察其微观形貌[28]。
使用Microsoft Excel软件录入并计算实验数据,使用GraphPad Prism等软件绘图,使用SPSS软件进行数据分析,使用TA Instruments Universal Analysis软件进行TGA数据处理,使用Chirascan软件进行CD数据处理。在显著性分析中,P<0.05、P<0.01和P˃0.05分别表示显著、极显著和不显著。
由表2可知,果蝇在酒精暴露期间,无酒精培养液的消耗量自第4 d起不断减少(P<0.05),而含酒精培养液的消耗量呈现出逐渐增加的趋势。第1~3 d的含酒精培养液消耗量显著增加(P<0.05),第4 d后增速减缓。第1~7 d的酒精偏好指数也呈现出不断增加的趋势,除第1 d接近0外,其余6 d均大于0.1,第7 d时接近0.3,说明果蝇的酒精偏好性随着时间的延长不断加强,所建酒精依赖模型符合要求[20−21]。由图1可见,3种滇黄精多糖组分(PKP42、PKP63、PKP84)干预后,PI均有所下降。其中,PKP42干预后,果蝇的PI虽然略有下降,但是第1 d到第7 d的PI>0(图1A),提示PKP42不能完全逆转果蝇酒精依赖;PKP63干预6 d后,PI<0(图1B),提示PKP63能在一定程度上逆转果蝇酒精依赖;PKP84干预3 d后,PI<0(图1C),提示PKP84能够较好地逆转果蝇酒精依赖。由图1还可看出,在3种多糖组分中,PKP84对酒精偏好性的逆转效果与盐酸纳洛酮最为接近。综上,PKP84对果蝇酒精偏好性的逆转效果优于PKP63和PKP42。
PKP42、PKP63、PKP84持续干预7 d后,果蝇体内酒精含量均产生变化(图2)。与酒精暴露组相比,PKP84组果蝇体内酒精含量极显著减少(P<0.01),而PKP63、PKP42组的酒精含量虽有减少,但并不明显(P˃0.05)。与盐酸纳洛酮组相比,PKP84组果蝇体内酒精含量较高(P<0.05),即盐酸纳洛酮对酒精依赖果蝇体内酒精含量的降低效果优于PKP84。可以看出,3种多糖组分对酒精依赖果蝇体内酒精含量的影响效果与其对酒精偏好性的影响趋势一致(图1),PKP84对果蝇酒精依赖具有较好的缓解效应。
长期饮酒可能导致机体抗氧化系统失衡[29]。如图3所示,与正常组相比,持续酒精暴露导致果蝇CAT、SOD活力极显著降低(P<0.01),MDA水平极显著升高(P<0.01)。饲喂滇黄精多糖PKP42、PKP63、PKP84组分后,抗氧化酶活性均有不同程度的提升。与酒精暴露组相比,3种多糖组分干预组果蝇CAT活力均显著升高(P<0.05),SOD活力也有一定程度的升高(P˃0.05),同时体内MDA水平明显降低(P<0.01)。PKP84对2种酶活力的提升效果略强于PKP42、PKP63(P˃0.05)。
综上可知,3种滇黄精多糖新组分中,PKP84能够有效逆转酒精依赖果蝇的酒精偏好性,显著降低果蝇体内酒精含量,提升CAT、SOD活力,降低MDA水平,对酒精依赖的干预效果优于PKP42、PKP63,因此对其理化性质与结构进行了进一步探究。
PKP84样品为苍白色固体。UV分析发现,PKP84样品仅在200 nm附近有吸收峰,而在260~280 nm处没有吸收峰(图4),暗示样品中不存在蛋白质、核酸或黄酮类化合物,或者这类杂质含量极低[22]。Sephadex G-100凝胶柱层析得到单一对称峰(图5),说明PKP84样品为均一组分。Molish实验发现,PKP84显色反应后出现紫色环,说明其属于糖类化合物。碘-碘化钾实验发现,PKP84处理后未出现蓝色,说明其不含淀粉。Fehling实验发现,PKP84处理后未产生砖红色沉淀,说明其不是还原糖。
单糖组成和分子量是多糖的重要属性[11]。PKP84的比黏浓度与浓度关系如图6所示,其分子量为1.7×105 Da,由葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖、鼠李糖4种单糖构成。Chen等[11]采用乙醇分级分离技术制得的抗氧化活性最高的化橘红多糖组分(EP90)的分子量为2.7×104 Da,由阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、木糖、葡萄糖等单糖构成。
由图7可以看出,在30~700 ℃温度区间内,PKP84样品共经历了3次失重(重量减少)过程。其中,当温度由30 ℃升至214 ℃时,损失量约为14%,该阶段主要是多糖内部结晶水以及吸附水分的蒸发损失;当温度继续升至390 ℃时,样品重量极显著降低(P<0.01),损失量约为62%;当温度升至700 ℃时,样品重量下降速率减小,此时样品已成为碳化结构,热稳定性较好。本实验室前期研究发现,滇黄精总多糖样品在温度从248 ℃升至350 ℃时,重量降低幅度最大,失重率约为59%[8]。与之相比,滇黄精多糖新组分PKP84的热失重主要集中在214~390 ℃温度区间内,平均失重率约为49%,热失重温度区间明显变宽。
由图8可知,PKP84在198 nm附近产生较弱的负吸收峰,说明其在此波长下具有负Cotton效应;在212 nm附近产生较强的正吸收峰,说明在此波长下具有正Cotton效应。滇黄精总多糖的正Cotton效应处于210 nm波长处[8],与新组分PKP84不同。CD分析结果提示PKP84存在空间不对称结构,糖链中可能存在螺旋结构[27]。
刚果红可与具有三螺旋体结构(triple helical structure)的糖类化合物发生络合反应,络合物的最大吸收波长会向长波长处移动即出现红移现象[18]。由图9可见,PKP84与刚果红形成的络合物产生明显的红移,随着NaOH溶液浓度的增大,最大吸收波长呈现下降趋势,提示糖链螺旋结构解体,变为自由卷曲形态。刚果红实验表明PKP84糖链中存在三螺旋体结构,该结果与CD分析结果基本一致。淫羊藿多糖组分EP80与刚果红作用后,其最大吸收波长也发生红移,提示其糖链中也存在三螺旋体结构[19]。
PKP84的微观形貌如图10所示。可以看出,PKP84样品呈多分支黏连结构,多数类似于血管发散式分布,少数表现为碎片式堆叠,样品表面较为光滑,无明显的褶皱凸起,分支较多,互相交叉联结,说明PKP84为多分支复杂立体结构。滇黄精总多糖主要为多网孔片状结构和多分支链聚集结构[8],与新组分PKP84存在明显差异。
天然多糖是一类结构复杂且生物活性丰富的大分子物质,其结构和生物活性往往受到分离纯化技术的影响[30−31]。乙醇分级分离技术通过梯度浓度乙醇溶液对多糖进行分级纯化,可能制得纯度更高、活性更强、结构更稳定的新组分[19,32]。本研究运用乙醇分级分离技术制备了3种不同分子量的滇黄精多糖新组分,其中多糖组分PKP84、PKP63、PKP42分别采用体积分数为84%、63%、42%的乙醇溶液制备。研究发现,PKP84对果蝇酒精依赖偏好性、抗氧化应激能力的效应强于PKP42和PKP63。在乙醇分级分离过程中,高浓度乙醇溶液通常分离析出低分子量多糖(组分),而低浓度乙醇溶液通常分离析出高分子量多糖[32]。这可能是因为高分子量多糖往往极性较低,容易被低浓度乙醇溶液沉淀,而低分子量多糖往往溶解度较高,需要高浓度乙醇溶液才能充分沉淀[11]。一些学者认为,多糖的抗氧化活性与其分子量关系密切,低分子量多糖通常具有更多的还原性羟基末端(reductive hydroxyl group terminal)和更好的水溶性,使得其更容易在体外水相系统和体内环境中发挥自由基清除作用,显示出更高的抗氧化应激能力[11,28]。这可能是PKP84抗氧化活性高于PKP63和PKP42的主要原因。圆二色谱、刚果红实验结果表明,PKP84中含有三螺旋体结构。Lü等[31]认为三螺旋体结构多糖的抗肿瘤活性往往高于单螺旋型(single helical conformation)多糖;本实验室也发现三螺旋体结构硒多糖(selenium polysaccharides)通常具有较高的降血糖活性[33]。据此推测,PKP84逆转酒精依赖果蝇偏好性的功效与其化学结构特别是三螺旋体结构密切相关。
本研究发现,滇黄精多糖新组分PKP84能够显著提升果蝇抗氧化酶活力,降低MDA水平,改善果蝇氧化应激状态,减少酒精消耗量,缓解酒精偏好性。这为传统医学使用滇黄精防治“五劳七伤”提供了部分现代依据。一些学者研究发现,黄精多糖可以改善抑郁小鼠的氧化应激状态,减少炎症反应[34];黄精水提物能够保护小鼠肝脏免受酒精诱导的氧化应激损伤[35],显著提升实验动物氨基丁酸A亚型受体2(GABA type A receptor 2)、5-羟色胺1A受体(5-hydroxytryptamine type A receptor 1)的mRNA和蛋白质表达水平,进而发挥助眠功能[36]。5-羟色胺和γ-氨基丁酸均为中枢神经系统的重要神经递质,与酒精依赖关系密切[3,6]。PKP84减少果蝇酒精摄入量、逆转酒精偏好性的作用可能是通过调节5-羟色胺、γ-氨基丁酸等受体相关中枢神经系统通路而实现的。果蝇作为探讨学习记忆、行为认知、毒性毒理的重要模式生物,被广泛应用于酒精依赖研究[15,37]。今后可利用果蝇等动物模型以及蛋白质组学等研究方法进一步探究滇黄精多糖新组分PKP84的抗氧化应激和缓解酒精依赖机制。
本研究分离纯化得到了滇黄精多糖新组分PKP84,应用热重分析等分析了其理化性质,应用圆二色谱、扫描电子显微镜、刚果红实验等进行了结构表征,采用果蝇模型探究了其对酒精依赖的干预效果。结果表明,PKP84由葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖、鼠李糖4种单糖组成,分子量为1.7×105 Da,在212 nm处有较强的正Cotton效应,在198 nm处有较弱的负Cotton效应,具有三螺旋体结构,微观形貌表现为多分支复杂立体结构,热失重主要集中在214~390 ℃温度区间内,平均失重率约为49%。PKP84干预后,果蝇酒精偏好指数减小,体内酒精含量降低,抗氧化酶活力升高,丙二醛水平下降,说明PKP84能够逆转酒精依赖果蝇的酒精偏好性,改善氧化应激状态。滇黄精多糖组分PKP84显示出较好的酒精依赖干预效果,值得进一步探究。

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2026年第47卷第4期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030099
  • 接收时间:2025-03-10
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-10
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    1陕西师范大学中俄食品与健康科学国际联合研究中心,西北濒危药材资源开发国家工程实验室,食品工程与营养科学学院,陕西西安 710119
    2西安交通大学医学部,陕西省富硒茶科技创新试验示范站,陕西西安 710061

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张华峰(1975−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品营养与安全,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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