Article(id=1320889587250082734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320889471592149951, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020176, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740326400000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854218542, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854218542, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854218542, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854218542, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320889471592149951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771084800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854190967, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854190967, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=78, endPage=88, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889587438826415, articleId=1320889587250082734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of Drying Techniques on Flavor Profile and Related Physicochemical Properties of Semi-dried Trachinotus ovatus, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sunlight exposure and drying temperature on the flavor profile and related physicochemical properties of semi-dried Trachinotus ovatus, with a view to providing insights into optimal drying technique. Five drying treatments were applied: sunlight drying, hot-air drying at 60 ℃, heat pump drying at 20 ℃, combined sunlight/heat pump drying at 20 ℃, and sunlight/heat pump drying with variable-temperature. The sample analysis included content assessment of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and malondialdehyde (MDA), identification of volatile compounds through headspace solid-phase microextraction GC-MS, screening of characteristic flavor compounds based on OAV value, and categorization of flavor profile via clustering heatmap. Finaly, the optimal drying technique was identified by principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed that the sunlight drying and hot-air drying groups exhibited elevated levels of TVB-N and MDA, characterised by a rich bouquet but also containing pungent and undesirable odours. In contrast, compared with the sunlight drying and hot-air drying groups, the three groups treated with heat pump drying showed more than 13% and 55% decrease on TVB-N and MDA respectively, and relatively weak flavors. Meanwhile, the total relative contents for key flavor contributors of alcohols, aldehydes and ketones were as follows: Sunlight/heat pump drying with variable-temperature>combined sunlight/heat pump drying at 20 ℃>heat pump drying at 20 ℃. Furthermore, the cluster heatmap demonstrated that, in comparison with hot air drying, the flavor of semi-dried Trachinotus ovatus dried by the three groups of heat pumps was more analogous to that of sun-drying. The highest PCA score was obtained in the group of sunlight/heat pump drying with variable-temperature. In summary, this finding suggests that low temperatures are conducive to preserving the quality of semi-dried Trachinotus ovatus, and reducing the production of unpleasant odors. Besides, the appropriate levels of heat and light can promote the formation of flavor substances. Among the five sample groups, the semi-dried Trachinotus ovatus with the best comprehensive flavor and related physicochemical properties was the group of sunlight/heat pump drying with variable-temperature.

, authors=Zuanhao LIANG1, 3, Haiqiang CHEN1, 3, Fengxue LIANG1, 3, Ming YU2, 3, *, authorsList=Zuanhao LIANG, Haiqiang CHEN, Fengxue LIANG, Ming YU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ming YU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889588814558139, articleId=1320889587250082734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=不同干燥方法对半干金鲳鱼风味及其相关理化指标的影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究光照和温度对半干金鲳鱼风味及其相关理化指标的影响,并确定适宜的干燥方法,本研究采用日晒、60 ℃热风干燥、20 ℃热泵干燥、日光+20 ℃热泵干燥和日光+变温热泵干燥5种方式干制半干金鲳鱼,测定样品总挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)和丙二醛含量,利用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)定性挥发性成分,同时基于气味活性值(OAV)筛选特征风味化合物,并采用聚类热图对样品风味进行归类,最后根据主成分分析(PCA)综合得分确定最佳干燥方式。结果表明,日晒和热风组具有较高的TVB-N和丙二醛含量,气味丰富但含有刺鼻的不良气味;相比日晒和热风组,3组热泵干燥的TVB-N和丙二醛含量分别下降13%以上和55%以上,风味相对较弱,其中对风味有重要贡献的醇、醛和酮类化合物总相对含量为日光+变温热泵>日光+20 ℃热泵>20 ℃热泵。聚类热图显示,相比热风干燥,3组热泵干燥半干金鲳鱼的风味更接近日晒组。PCA综合得分以日光+变温热泵干燥组最高。综上所述,低温有利于保持半干金鲳鱼品质,减少不良气味的产生,增加光照和适当的高温则能促进风味物质的形成;5种干燥方式中,半干金鲳鱼风味及其相关理化指标综合最佳的是日光+变温热泵干燥组。

, authors=梁钻好1, 3, 陈海强1, 3, 梁凤雪1, 3, 余铭2, 3, *, authorsList=梁钻好, 陈海强, 梁凤雪, 余铭, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=余铭, authorNote=

梁钻好(1989−),女,硕士,工程师,研究方向:食品低温加工,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
余铭(1973−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品保藏新技术,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=ZbDHO9aKYj/HPQZA4wxg0w==, magXml=SI7JNBkgFnylO1jY8qQwWw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=hnj+n0IMqsdWVvBY9JavdQ==, pdfFileSize=1997871, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=YEqgyb4Sm8ERF7mNNTU5JQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=OrZJ0UKcbqWYYDe/Qt7fyQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320889589317874630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889587250082734, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=jaly1031@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320889589414343625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889587250082734, authorId=1320889589317874630, language=EN, stringName=Zuanhao LIANG, firstName=Zuanhao, middleName=null, lastName=LIANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, address=1Yangjiang Polytechnic, Yangjiang 529566, China
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注:不同字母代表有显著差异(P<0.05),图3同。

, figureFileSmall=LZPE4wSwdTEiP0cl6xVHqw==, figureFileBig=WpMc1q00pbpds3ug2OsYbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889593084359660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889587250082734, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of drying methods on malondialdehyde contents of semi-dried Trachinotus ovatus, figureFileSmall=e0r29CY7cAKPY2yBaYdzUg==, figureFileBig=VnG69Qahm4TCeRQ4gDdyuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889593147274221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889587250082734, language=CN, label=图3, caption=干燥方式对半干金鲳鱼丙二醛含量的影响, figureFileSmall=e0r29CY7cAKPY2yBaYdzUg==, figureFileBig=VnG69Qahm4TCeRQ4gDdyuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889593214383086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889587250082734, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Relative content and species quantity of various types of volatile components in semi-dried Trachinotus ovatus, figureFileSmall=+yUl/DvKKFM1I8r7gGbtWw==, figureFileBig=2UQt6izj3U5wQz5Pf+BA8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889593281491951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889587250082734, language=CN, label=图4, caption=半干金鲳鱼各类别挥发性成分的相对含量及种类数量, figureFileSmall=+yUl/DvKKFM1I8r7gGbtWw==, figureFileBig=2UQt6izj3U5wQz5Pf+BA8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889593348600816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889587250082734, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Cluster heatmap of semi-dried Trachinotus ovatus based on characteristic flavor compounds, figureFileSmall=t4DfXViiLQ5eiuWP8fkqRg==, figureFileBig=z5Qk9AH9F05JPXcitCxwLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889593407321073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889587250082734, language=CN, label=图5, caption=基于特征风味化合物的半干金鲳鱼聚类热图, figureFileSmall=t4DfXViiLQ5eiuWP8fkqRg==, figureFileBig=z5Qk9AH9F05JPXcitCxwLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889593478624242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889587250082734, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Main volatile components of stinky semi-dried Trachinotus ovatus

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物日晒60 ℃热风20 ℃热泵日光+20 ℃热泵日光+热泵变温
浓度
(μg/100 g)
相对含量(%)浓度
(μg/100 g)
相对含量(%)浓度
(μg/100 g)
相对含量(%)浓度
(μg/100 g)
相对含量(%)浓度
(μg/100 g)
相对含量(%)
醇类71.91130.17048.55326.24437.74317.99236.31220.61428.66916.743
2,3-丁二醇−−0.5890.3181.3640.6501.1570.6570.2880.168
1-戊烯-3-醇−−1.1630.6281.0410.4961.0230.5811.5970.933
β-松油醇−−3.3701.821−−3.7452.126−−
戊醇2.1140.8873.5451.9162.0590.9823.3081.8782.4941.457
2-丁基-1-辛醇10.3154.328−−−−−−−−
己醇2.0420.8571.5880.8582.9761.4191.5980.9071.6940.989
反-2-壬烯-1-醇6.7412.828−−−−−−−−
十一醇1.3830.580−−−−−−−−
1-辛烯-3-醇9.6204.03617.1599.27512.8966.14711.6986.6417.2294.222
庚醇2.9141.2233.1151.6842.8801.3732.2041.2512.2751.328
2-己基-1-辛醇20.9328.782−−−−−−−−
十八醇0.8130.341−−−−−−−−
4-乙基环己醇0.4630.194−−−−−−−−
己基癸醇0.5220.219−−−−−−−−
辛醇2.8711.2051.7710.9571.8840.8981.2600.7151.4040.820
反-2-辛烯-1-醇2.3330.9795.2382.8312.7051.2902.4291.3792.0981.225
壬烯-4-醇1.5650.6571.8010.9730.7730.3690.8740.496−−
十三醇−−−−−−−−0.4060.237
壬醇1.4220.5970.6840.3700.9010.4291.0500.5960.8290.484
3-环己烯-1-乙醇2.5221.0583.1641.7102.1641.0322.5361.4392.1751.270
十四醇−−0.3130.1690.6860.327−−−−
3,7,11-三甲基十二醇0.5900.247−−−−−−−−
四氢薰衣草醇0.3340.140−−0.5010.2390.2940.1670.2660.155
2-乙基-1-己醇0.2460.1031.9871.0740.5340.2551.2410.7051.7971.049
2-癸炔-1-醇−−−−0.3840.1830.2110.1200.3410.199
9-十二炔-1-醇−−1.4630.7911.0300.4910.7940.4511.1950.698
十二醇−−−−0.9690.462−−0.5340.312
β-苯氧乙醇−−−−−−0.6820.387−−
百秋李醇0.1230.051−−0.2740.131−−0.1460.085
合金欢醇1.6960.7111.3910.7521.1840.565−−1.4690.858
十六醇0.3490.1460.2140.1150.5370.2560.2110.1200.4330.253
醛类87.67936.78676.88841.56074.61935.57166.73437.88576.68444.785
戊醛1.3010.5461.9131.034−−1.2980.7371.0030.586
己醛27.35111.47543.80023.67532.16315.33230.12317.10132.64419.065
庚醛7.1292.9911.5410.8332.9601.4111.7681.0042.7181.587
2,4-壬二烯醛−−0.4680.2530.5840.2780.5620.319−−
反-4-庚烯醛1.1360.476−−−−−−−−
辛醛0.8040.3373.2261.7444.2112.0073.7672.1384.5182.639
反-2-庚烯醛4.1211.729−−−−−−−−
壬醛29.79012.4998.7714.74116.6377.93117.96810.20115.5409.076
5-乙基环戊-1-烯甲醛−−−−−−−−0.4020.235
反-2-辛烯醛−−3.3071.788−−−−−−
十一醛3.8221.604−−−−−−−−
癸醛3.5891.5064.9252.6629.8154.6794.1152.33612.3767.228
苯甲醛2.9861.2535.7743.1214.8692.3214.8002.7254.7362.766
反-2-壬烯醛1.1600.4860.7870.4251.2320.5870.9510.5401.0300.602
反,顺-2,6-壬二烯醛0.3330.1400.4520.2440.4710.2240.4280.2430.3000.175
十四醛1.7440.732−−0.5150.2460.3850.2190.6680.390
反-2-癸烯醛0.9330.391−−−−−−−−
十二醛0.4910.206−−−−−−−−
反-2,4-癸二烯醛−−0.3790.2050.4220.2010.1630.0930.1580.093
2,4-癸二烯醛0.4490.1880.8540.4620.5180.2470.3430.1950.2970.174
十五醛0.5400.2270.2100.1130.2230.1060.0620.0350.2920.170
十六醛−−0.4810.260−−−−−−
酮类19.0537.99421.74611.75421.84910.41617.0929.70315.8669.266
2-丁酮−−−−−−3.0391.725−−
3-羟基-2-丁酮0.6190.260−−−−−−−−
2,3-辛二酮2.2500.944−−2.2961.094−−−−
2-甲基-3-辛酮−−15.6048.43411.6345.5469.4275.3526.9564.063
甲基庚烯酮4.2011.7631.9331.0454.3632.0801.9231.0923.1421.835
3-辛烯-2-酮−−0.6570.355−−−−−−
3,5-辛二烯-2-酮5.0492.1181.8460.998−−−−−−
2-十一酮−−0.1750.0950.5320.2540.6410.3640.4450.260
香叶基丙酮6.9332.9091.5310.8272.8241.3462.0621.1705.3233.109
3,5-二壬烯-2-酮−−−−0.2010.096−−−−
酯类2.6951.1310.4930.2661.9960.9510.7110.4042.2521.315
丙氨酸乙酯0.2900.122−−−−−−−−
己酸乙烯基酯0.8870.372−−−−−−−−
丁酸丁酯0.4320.181−−−−−−0.3630.212
水杨酸辛酯1.0860.4560.4930.2661.9960.9510.7110.4041.8891.103
芳香类6.8472.8735.4592.95121.15810.0866.0813.4525.0732.963
2-戊基呋喃0.9940.4170.8740.4730.5730.2730.5880.334−−
甲苯0.4670.1960.5070.2740.4070.1943.4151.939−−
对二甲苯−−0.8840.478−−−−−−
1,2,3-三甲苯−−−−1.5130.721−−0.4310.252
对乙基甲苯−−−−0.7010.334−−−−
1,3,5-三甲苯0.6850.2870.1520.0821.3670.652−−−−
1,2,4-三甲苯1.3460.565−−0.8740.417−−−−
邻乙基甲苯−−0.4070.2201.7100.8150.6350.3600.6250.365
4-异丙基甲苯0.7060.296−−−−−−−−
4-乙基邻二甲苯−−0.1240.0670.7740.3690.0990.056−−
3-乙基邻二甲苯−−0.1350.0731.6430.783−−−−
2-乙基对二甲苯−−0.3480.1881.2960.6180.3040.1730.4650.272
1,2,4,5-四甲苯1.9400.8140.7260.3935.6562.6960.2590.1472.4911.455
5-乙基-3,5-二甲苯−−1.3010.7032.7281.301−−1.0600.619
3,4-二甲基异丙苯−−−−1.5030.716−−−−
五甲苯0.7100.298−−−−−−−−
苯酚−−−−0.4130.1970.7820.444−−
含氮类1.1960.5021.8941.0240.0000.0007.3254.1581.6470.962
三甲胺1.0450.439−−−−−−−−
2-甲基-2,4-戊二胺−−1.7270.934−−6.8843.9081.6470.962
吲哚0.1510.0630.1660.090−−0.4410.250−−
烯炔类10.9724.6038.5894.6427.3723.5147.6304.3325.7623.365
十二烯2.3140.971−−−−−−−−
7-甲基-4-癸烯1.5740.660−−−−−−−−
1-丁基环戊烯−−0.3830.207−−−−−−
3,5,5-三甲基-2-己烯4.3881.8415.4782.9613.1981.5255.4833.1134.2552.485
十七烯−−1.2830.6941.6160.7700.8150.4630.8570.501
1-石竹烯−−0.6570.3551.3040.622−−−−
十五烯−−−−−−0.4200.239−−
α-蒎烯−−−−0.6550.3120.4970.282−−
菖蒲烯−−−−0.2730.130−−0.1720.101
5,7-十二碳二烯1.1480.482−−−−−−−−
8-甲基-1-十一烯−−0.3100.1680.3250.1550.1280.0730.1810.106
3-十二炔1.1330.475−−−−−−−−
1,11-十二烷二炔0.4150.1740.4780.258−−0.2870.1630.2970.173
烷烃类37.99715.94221.38511.55945.03521.46933.67019.11435.27320.600
癸烷2.8471.195−−−−1.2640.717−−
3,3,5-三甲基庚烷3.1911.339−−0.8940.426−−0.8110.474
5-(2-甲基丙基)壬烷2.4801.041−−−−1.5660.8890.6300.368
2-甲基-6-丙基十二烷1.2520.525−−−−−−−−
5-甲基十一烷0.6390.268−−−−−−−−
3,8-二甲基癸烷0.9910.416−−−−−−−−
十二烷4.9232.065−−0.9900.472−−2.0991.226
3-甲基-5-丙基壬烷−−1.3020.7042.9421.403−−−−
十三烷0.4690.1973.7562.0304.7112.2463.2251.8313.4702.027
3.5-二甲基十二烷1.4260.598−−−−−−−−
十七烷3.0331.2722.8191.5247.2483.4555.5393.1455.0492.949
十四烷−−2.5241.3645.4362.5914.5962.6093.9762.322
十五烷2.0200.8471.6180.8752.8421.3552.1091.1972.1731.269
十六烷−−6.0283.25811.9885.7158.5034.8278.0954.727
9-甲基十七烷−−−−0.4420.211−−0.2030.119
2,6,10-三甲基十二烷−−−−2.1441.0221.2300.6981.6010.935
2-甲基十二烷1.7800.747−−−−0.1170.067−−
2,3-二甲基十二烷−−−−−−0.4330.246−−
2,6,10,14-四甲基十
五烷
8.8333.7062.9481.5935.3982.5735.0862.8877.1654.185
十九烷4.1141.726−−−−−−−−
5-丙基十三烷−−0.3910.212−−−−−−
酸类0.000.000.000.000.000.000.5390.2670.000.00
2-乙基丁酸−−−−−−0.5930.337−−
), ArticleFig(id=1320889593583481843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889587250082734, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

半干金鲳鱼主要挥发性成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物日晒60 ℃热风20 ℃热泵日光+20 ℃热泵日光+热泵变温
浓度
(μg/100 g)
相对含量(%)浓度
(μg/100 g)
相对含量(%)浓度
(μg/100 g)
相对含量(%)浓度
(μg/100 g)
相对含量(%)浓度
(μg/100 g)
相对含量(%)
醇类71.91130.17048.55326.24437.74317.99236.31220.61428.66916.743
2,3-丁二醇−−0.5890.3181.3640.6501.1570.6570.2880.168
1-戊烯-3-醇−−1.1630.6281.0410.4961.0230.5811.5970.933
β-松油醇−−3.3701.821−−3.7452.126−−
戊醇2.1140.8873.5451.9162.0590.9823.3081.8782.4941.457
2-丁基-1-辛醇10.3154.328−−−−−−−−
己醇2.0420.8571.5880.8582.9761.4191.5980.9071.6940.989
反-2-壬烯-1-醇6.7412.828−−−−−−−−
十一醇1.3830.580−−−−−−−−
1-辛烯-3-醇9.6204.03617.1599.27512.8966.14711.6986.6417.2294.222
庚醇2.9141.2233.1151.6842.8801.3732.2041.2512.2751.328
2-己基-1-辛醇20.9328.782−−−−−−−−
十八醇0.8130.341−−−−−−−−
4-乙基环己醇0.4630.194−−−−−−−−
己基癸醇0.5220.219−−−−−−−−
辛醇2.8711.2051.7710.9571.8840.8981.2600.7151.4040.820
反-2-辛烯-1-醇2.3330.9795.2382.8312.7051.2902.4291.3792.0981.225
壬烯-4-醇1.5650.6571.8010.9730.7730.3690.8740.496−−
十三醇−−−−−−−−0.4060.237
壬醇1.4220.5970.6840.3700.9010.4291.0500.5960.8290.484
3-环己烯-1-乙醇2.5221.0583.1641.7102.1641.0322.5361.4392.1751.270
十四醇−−0.3130.1690.6860.327−−−−
3,7,11-三甲基十二醇0.5900.247−−−−−−−−
四氢薰衣草醇0.3340.140−−0.5010.2390.2940.1670.2660.155
2-乙基-1-己醇0.2460.1031.9871.0740.5340.2551.2410.7051.7971.049
2-癸炔-1-醇−−−−0.3840.1830.2110.1200.3410.199
9-十二炔-1-醇−−1.4630.7911.0300.4910.7940.4511.1950.698
十二醇−−−−0.9690.462−−0.5340.312
β-苯氧乙醇−−−−−−0.6820.387−−
百秋李醇0.1230.051−−0.2740.131−−0.1460.085
合金欢醇1.6960.7111.3910.7521.1840.565−−1.4690.858
十六醇0.3490.1460.2140.1150.5370.2560.2110.1200.4330.253
醛类87.67936.78676.88841.56074.61935.57166.73437.88576.68444.785
戊醛1.3010.5461.9131.034−−1.2980.7371.0030.586
己醛27.35111.47543.80023.67532.16315.33230.12317.10132.64419.065
庚醛7.1292.9911.5410.8332.9601.4111.7681.0042.7181.587
2,4-壬二烯醛−−0.4680.2530.5840.2780.5620.319−−
反-4-庚烯醛1.1360.476−−−−−−−−
辛醛0.8040.3373.2261.7444.2112.0073.7672.1384.5182.639
反-2-庚烯醛4.1211.729−−−−−−−−
壬醛29.79012.4998.7714.74116.6377.93117.96810.20115.5409.076
5-乙基环戊-1-烯甲醛−−−−−−−−0.4020.235
反-2-辛烯醛−−3.3071.788−−−−−−
十一醛3.8221.604−−−−−−−−
癸醛3.5891.5064.9252.6629.8154.6794.1152.33612.3767.228
苯甲醛2.9861.2535.7743.1214.8692.3214.8002.7254.7362.766
反-2-壬烯醛1.1600.4860.7870.4251.2320.5870.9510.5401.0300.602
反,顺-2,6-壬二烯醛0.3330.1400.4520.2440.4710.2240.4280.2430.3000.175
十四醛1.7440.732−−0.5150.2460.3850.2190.6680.390
反-2-癸烯醛0.9330.391−−−−−−−−
十二醛0.4910.206−−−−−−−−
反-2,4-癸二烯醛−−0.3790.2050.4220.2010.1630.0930.1580.093
2,4-癸二烯醛0.4490.1880.8540.4620.5180.2470.3430.1950.2970.174
十五醛0.5400.2270.2100.1130.2230.1060.0620.0350.2920.170
十六醛−−0.4810.260−−−−−−
酮类19.0537.99421.74611.75421.84910.41617.0929.70315.8669.266
2-丁酮−−−−−−3.0391.725−−
3-羟基-2-丁酮0.6190.260−−−−−−−−
2,3-辛二酮2.2500.944−−2.2961.094−−−−
2-甲基-3-辛酮−−15.6048.43411.6345.5469.4275.3526.9564.063
甲基庚烯酮4.2011.7631.9331.0454.3632.0801.9231.0923.1421.835
3-辛烯-2-酮−−0.6570.355−−−−−−
3,5-辛二烯-2-酮5.0492.1181.8460.998−−−−−−
2-十一酮−−0.1750.0950.5320.2540.6410.3640.4450.260
香叶基丙酮6.9332.9091.5310.8272.8241.3462.0621.1705.3233.109
3,5-二壬烯-2-酮−−−−0.2010.096−−−−
酯类2.6951.1310.4930.2661.9960.9510.7110.4042.2521.315
丙氨酸乙酯0.2900.122−−−−−−−−
己酸乙烯基酯0.8870.372−−−−−−−−
丁酸丁酯0.4320.181−−−−−−0.3630.212
水杨酸辛酯1.0860.4560.4930.2661.9960.9510.7110.4041.8891.103
芳香类6.8472.8735.4592.95121.15810.0866.0813.4525.0732.963
2-戊基呋喃0.9940.4170.8740.4730.5730.2730.5880.334−−
甲苯0.4670.1960.5070.2740.4070.1943.4151.939−−
对二甲苯−−0.8840.478−−−−−−
1,2,3-三甲苯−−−−1.5130.721−−0.4310.252
对乙基甲苯−−−−0.7010.334−−−−
1,3,5-三甲苯0.6850.2870.1520.0821.3670.652−−−−
1,2,4-三甲苯1.3460.565−−0.8740.417−−−−
邻乙基甲苯−−0.4070.2201.7100.8150.6350.3600.6250.365
4-异丙基甲苯0.7060.296−−−−−−−−
4-乙基邻二甲苯−−0.1240.0670.7740.3690.0990.056−−
3-乙基邻二甲苯−−0.1350.0731.6430.783−−−−
2-乙基对二甲苯−−0.3480.1881.2960.6180.3040.1730.4650.272
1,2,4,5-四甲苯1.9400.8140.7260.3935.6562.6960.2590.1472.4911.455
5-乙基-3,5-二甲苯−−1.3010.7032.7281.301−−1.0600.619
3,4-二甲基异丙苯−−−−1.5030.716−−−−
五甲苯0.7100.298−−−−−−−−
苯酚−−−−0.4130.1970.7820.444−−
含氮类1.1960.5021.8941.0240.0000.0007.3254.1581.6470.962
三甲胺1.0450.439−−−−−−−−
2-甲基-2,4-戊二胺−−1.7270.934−−6.8843.9081.6470.962
吲哚0.1510.0630.1660.090−−0.4410.250−−
烯炔类10.9724.6038.5894.6427.3723.5147.6304.3325.7623.365
十二烯2.3140.971−−−−−−−−
7-甲基-4-癸烯1.5740.660−−−−−−−−
1-丁基环戊烯−−0.3830.207−−−−−−
3,5,5-三甲基-2-己烯4.3881.8415.4782.9613.1981.5255.4833.1134.2552.485
十七烯−−1.2830.6941.6160.7700.8150.4630.8570.501
1-石竹烯−−0.6570.3551.3040.622−−−−
十五烯−−−−−−0.4200.239−−
α-蒎烯−−−−0.6550.3120.4970.282−−
菖蒲烯−−−−0.2730.130−−0.1720.101
5,7-十二碳二烯1.1480.482−−−−−−−−
8-甲基-1-十一烯−−0.3100.1680.3250.1550.1280.0730.1810.106
3-十二炔1.1330.475−−−−−−−−
1,11-十二烷二炔0.4150.1740.4780.258−−0.2870.1630.2970.173
烷烃类37.99715.94221.38511.55945.03521.46933.67019.11435.27320.600
癸烷2.8471.195−−−−1.2640.717−−
3,3,5-三甲基庚烷3.1911.339−−0.8940.426−−0.8110.474
5-(2-甲基丙基)壬烷2.4801.041−−−−1.5660.8890.6300.368
2-甲基-6-丙基十二烷1.2520.525−−−−−−−−
5-甲基十一烷0.6390.268−−−−−−−−
3,8-二甲基癸烷0.9910.416−−−−−−−−
十二烷4.9232.065−−0.9900.472−−2.0991.226
3-甲基-5-丙基壬烷−−1.3020.7042.9421.403−−−−
十三烷0.4690.1973.7562.0304.7112.2463.2251.8313.4702.027
3.5-二甲基十二烷1.4260.598−−−−−−−−
十七烷3.0331.2722.8191.5247.2483.4555.5393.1455.0492.949
十四烷−−2.5241.3645.4362.5914.5962.6093.9762.322
十五烷2.0200.8471.6180.8752.8421.3552.1091.1972.1731.269
十六烷−−6.0283.25811.9885.7158.5034.8278.0954.727
9-甲基十七烷−−−−0.4420.211−−0.2030.119
2,6,10-三甲基十二烷−−−−2.1441.0221.2300.6981.6010.935
2-甲基十二烷1.7800.747−−−−0.1170.067−−
2,3-二甲基十二烷−−−−−−0.4330.246−−
2,6,10,14-四甲基十
五烷
8.8333.7062.9481.5935.3982.5735.0862.8877.1654.185
十九烷4.1141.726−−−−−−−−
5-丙基十三烷−−0.3910.212−−−−−−
酸类0.000.000.000.000.000.000.5390.2670.000.00
2-乙基丁酸−−−−−−0.5930.337−−
), ArticleFig(id=1320889593684145140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889587250082734, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Characteristic flavor compounds of semi-dried Trachinotus ovatus (OAV>1)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化合物气味描述阈值
(μg/100 g)
OAV值
日晒60 ℃热风20 ℃热泵日光+20 ℃热泵日光+变温热泵
1己醇绿色青草味,脂肪气味,叶菜味[14]0.57[14]3.5832.7865.2212.8032.972
21-辛烯-3-醇鱼肉香,脂肪气味,草和蘑菇的气味[14]0.15[14]64.136114.39685.97177.98748.196
3庚醇新鲜的绿色气味,坚果味[14]0.55[14]5.2985.6645.2374.0074.136
4反-2-辛烯-1-醇绿色柑橘、蔬菜、奶油、脂肪和蜡香[7]2.00[7]1.1662.6191.3531.2141.049
5戊醛辛辣味,杏仁味,橡胶味[27]0.9[27]1.4462.126−1.4421.115
6己醛鱼味,青葱味,未成熟的青涩水果味[14]0.5[14]54.70287.59964.32660.24665.288
7庚醛鱼干味,甜杏、坚果香气[14,26]0.29[14]24.5825.31510.2056.0979.372
84-庚烯醛饼干味,奶油味,脂肪味[14]0.42[14]2.70453.770−−−
9辛醛橙皮味,脂肪味,甜杏子味[26]0.06[14]13.394−70.17562.77875.305
10壬醛青葱味、牛脂味、薰衣草味[14]0.11[14]270.82379.738151.246163.348141.274
11反-2-辛烯醛尖刺的脂肪、肉香、青香气[26]0.30[7]−11.024−−−
12十一醛蜡、脂肪、黄油、花香、柑桔的气味[26]0.5[27]7.644−−−−
13癸醛青香、蜡香、柑橘香、花香[26−27]0.01[27]358.933492.499981.453411.5251237.625
14苯甲醛苦杏仁、樱桃及坚果香[26]4.17[27]0.716<11.3851.1681.1511.136
15反-2-壬烯醛脂肪、青香、蜡香、蔬菜香[26]0.008[7]144.94698.332154.047118.895128.796
16反,顺-2,6-壬二烯醛甜香、青香,并带有蔬菜香韵[26]0.08[14]4.1615.6535.8835.3503.754
172,3-辛二酮甜的奶油香[26]1.2[27]1.875−1.913−−
182-十一酮脂肪香,果香,酮香,乳酪、奶油的味道[26]0.55[14]−0.319<10.967<11.1650.810<1
192-戊基呋喃青豆气味,面包香,麦芽香的气息[14,26]0.59[14]1.6841.4820.971<10.997<1−
204-异丙基甲苯油脂味,辛辣味,汽油味、柠檬香[14]0.5[14]1.412−−−−
21三甲胺腐败鱼肉味、氨臭味0.01[14]104.550−−−−
), ArticleFig(id=1320889593780614133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889587250082734, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

半干金鲳的特征风味化合物(OAV>1)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化合物气味描述阈值
(μg/100 g)
OAV值
日晒60 ℃热风20 ℃热泵日光+20 ℃热泵日光+变温热泵
1己醇绿色青草味,脂肪气味,叶菜味[14]0.57[14]3.5832.7865.2212.8032.972
21-辛烯-3-醇鱼肉香,脂肪气味,草和蘑菇的气味[14]0.15[14]64.136114.39685.97177.98748.196
3庚醇新鲜的绿色气味,坚果味[14]0.55[14]5.2985.6645.2374.0074.136
4反-2-辛烯-1-醇绿色柑橘、蔬菜、奶油、脂肪和蜡香[7]2.00[7]1.1662.6191.3531.2141.049
5戊醛辛辣味,杏仁味,橡胶味[27]0.9[27]1.4462.126−1.4421.115
6己醛鱼味,青葱味,未成熟的青涩水果味[14]0.5[14]54.70287.59964.32660.24665.288
7庚醛鱼干味,甜杏、坚果香气[14,26]0.29[14]24.5825.31510.2056.0979.372
84-庚烯醛饼干味,奶油味,脂肪味[14]0.42[14]2.70453.770−−−
9辛醛橙皮味,脂肪味,甜杏子味[26]0.06[14]13.394−70.17562.77875.305
10壬醛青葱味、牛脂味、薰衣草味[14]0.11[14]270.82379.738151.246163.348141.274
11反-2-辛烯醛尖刺的脂肪、肉香、青香气[26]0.30[7]−11.024−−−
12十一醛蜡、脂肪、黄油、花香、柑桔的气味[26]0.5[27]7.644−−−−
13癸醛青香、蜡香、柑橘香、花香[26−27]0.01[27]358.933492.499981.453411.5251237.625
14苯甲醛苦杏仁、樱桃及坚果香[26]4.17[27]0.716<11.3851.1681.1511.136
15反-2-壬烯醛脂肪、青香、蜡香、蔬菜香[26]0.008[7]144.94698.332154.047118.895128.796
16反,顺-2,6-壬二烯醛甜香、青香,并带有蔬菜香韵[26]0.08[14]4.1615.6535.8835.3503.754
172,3-辛二酮甜的奶油香[26]1.2[27]1.875−1.913−−
182-十一酮脂肪香,果香,酮香,乳酪、奶油的味道[26]0.55[14]−0.319<10.967<11.1650.810<1
192-戊基呋喃青豆气味,面包香,麦芽香的气息[14,26]0.59[14]1.6841.4820.971<10.997<1−
204-异丙基甲苯油脂味,辛辣味,汽油味、柠檬香[14]0.5[14]1.412−−−−
21三甲胺腐败鱼肉味、氨臭味0.01[14]104.550−−−−
), ArticleFig(id=1320889593872888822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889587250082734, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Principal component load matrix of characteristic flavor compounds and related physicochemical properties of semi-dried Trachinotus ovatus

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标成分
PC1PC2PC3
己醇−0.2240.370−0.890
1-辛烯-3-醇0.538−0.665−0.472
庚醇−0.121−0.720−0.619
反-2-辛烯-1-醇0.552−0.806−0.185
戊醛0.116−0.7610.625
己醛0.749−0.589−0.064
庚醛−0.983−0.112−0.060
4-庚烯醛0.499−0.848−0.029
辛醛0.1910.9810.009
壬醛−0.9740.1190.031
反-2-辛烯醛0.541−0.822−0.031
十一醛−0.947−0.3200.038
癸醛0.2780.681−0.041
苯甲醛0.989−0.098−0.088
反-2-壬烯醛−0.6430.572−0.494
反,顺-2,6-壬二烯醛0.541−0.207−0.694
2,3-辛二酮−0.6930.083−0.712
2-十一酮0.5440.755−0.044
2-戊基呋喃−0.350−0.771−0.375
4-异丙基甲苯−0.947−0.3200.038
三甲胺−0.947−0.3200.038
TVB-N−0.730−0.6040.274
丙二醛−0.862−0.4980.091
特征值10.3507.9933.305
方差贡献率(%)45.02034.75014.370
累计方差贡献率(%)45.02079.77094.140
), ArticleFig(id=1320889595546416119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889587250082734, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

半干金鲳鱼特征风味化合物及其相关理化指标的主成分载荷矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标成分
PC1PC2PC3
己醇−0.2240.370−0.890
1-辛烯-3-醇0.538−0.665−0.472
庚醇−0.121−0.720−0.619
反-2-辛烯-1-醇0.552−0.806−0.185
戊醛0.116−0.7610.625
己醛0.749−0.589−0.064
庚醛−0.983−0.112−0.060
4-庚烯醛0.499−0.848−0.029
辛醛0.1910.9810.009
壬醛−0.9740.1190.031
反-2-辛烯醛0.541−0.822−0.031
十一醛−0.947−0.3200.038
癸醛0.2780.681−0.041
苯甲醛0.989−0.098−0.088
反-2-壬烯醛−0.6430.572−0.494
反,顺-2,6-壬二烯醛0.541−0.207−0.694
2,3-辛二酮−0.6930.083−0.712
2-十一酮0.5440.755−0.044
2-戊基呋喃−0.350−0.771−0.375
4-异丙基甲苯−0.947−0.3200.038
三甲胺−0.947−0.3200.038
TVB-N−0.730−0.6040.274
丙二醛−0.862−0.4980.091
特征值10.3507.9933.305
方差贡献率(%)45.02034.75014.370
累计方差贡献率(%)45.02079.77094.140
), ArticleFig(id=1320889595621913592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889587250082734, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Principal component scores and comprehensive scores of semi-dried Trachinotus ovatus

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
干燥方式F1F2F3综合得分排名
日晒−5.449−1.6190.125−3.1845
60 ℃热风3.114−4.159−0.100−0.0614
20 ℃热泵0.5022.099−2.9290.5683
日光+20 ℃热泵1.1371.1781.0061.1322
日光+变温热泵0.6952.5021.8981.5451
), ArticleFig(id=1320889595701605369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889587250082734, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

半干金鲳鱼的因子得分及综合得分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
干燥方式F1F2F3综合得分排名
日晒−5.449−1.6190.125−3.1845
60 ℃热风3.114−4.159−0.100−0.0614
20 ℃热泵0.5022.099−2.9290.5683
日光+20 ℃热泵1.1371.1781.0061.1322
日光+变温热泵0.6952.5021.8981.5451
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不同干燥方法对半干金鲳鱼风味及其相关理化指标的影响
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梁钻好 1, 3 , 陈海强 1, 3 , 梁凤雪 1, 3 , 余铭 2, 3, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(4): 78-88
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (4) : 78 -88
不同干燥方法对半干金鲳鱼风味及其相关理化指标的影响
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梁钻好1, 3 , 陈海强1, 3, 梁凤雪1, 3, 余铭2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1阳江职业技术学院,广东阳江 529566
  • 2广东海洋大学食品科学与工程学院,广东阳江 529500
  • 3广东省食品低温加工工程技术研究中心,广东阳江 529566
通讯作者:
余铭(1973−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品保藏新技术,E-mail:。
作者简介:

梁钻好(1989−),女,硕士,工程师,研究方向:食品低温加工,E-mail:

Effects of Drying Techniques on Flavor Profile and Related Physicochemical Properties of Semi-dried Trachinotus ovatus
Zuanhao LIANG1, 3 , Haiqiang CHEN1, 3, Fengxue LIANG1, 3, Ming YU2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1Yangjiang Polytechnic, Yangjiang 529566, China
  • 2School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529566, China
  • 3Engineering Technology Research Center of Low Temperature Food Pocessing of Guangdong Provice, Yangjiang 529500, China
出版时间: 2026-02-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020176
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为探究光照和温度对半干金鲳鱼风味及其相关理化指标的影响,并确定适宜的干燥方法,本研究采用日晒、60 ℃热风干燥、20 ℃热泵干燥、日光+20 ℃热泵干燥和日光+变温热泵干燥5种方式干制半干金鲳鱼,测定样品总挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)和丙二醛含量,利用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)定性挥发性成分,同时基于气味活性值(OAV)筛选特征风味化合物,并采用聚类热图对样品风味进行归类,最后根据主成分分析(PCA)综合得分确定最佳干燥方式。结果表明,日晒和热风组具有较高的TVB-N和丙二醛含量,气味丰富但含有刺鼻的不良气味;相比日晒和热风组,3组热泵干燥的TVB-N和丙二醛含量分别下降13%以上和55%以上,风味相对较弱,其中对风味有重要贡献的醇、醛和酮类化合物总相对含量为日光+变温热泵>日光+20 ℃热泵>20 ℃热泵。聚类热图显示,相比热风干燥,3组热泵干燥半干金鲳鱼的风味更接近日晒组。PCA综合得分以日光+变温热泵干燥组最高。综上所述,低温有利于保持半干金鲳鱼品质,减少不良气味的产生,增加光照和适当的高温则能促进风味物质的形成;5种干燥方式中,半干金鲳鱼风味及其相关理化指标综合最佳的是日光+变温热泵干燥组。

半干金鲳鱼  /  日光低温热泵干燥  /  挥发性成分  /  主成分分析  /  聚类分析

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sunlight exposure and drying temperature on the flavor profile and related physicochemical properties of semi-dried Trachinotus ovatus, with a view to providing insights into optimal drying technique. Five drying treatments were applied: sunlight drying, hot-air drying at 60 ℃, heat pump drying at 20 ℃, combined sunlight/heat pump drying at 20 ℃, and sunlight/heat pump drying with variable-temperature. The sample analysis included content assessment of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and malondialdehyde (MDA), identification of volatile compounds through headspace solid-phase microextraction GC-MS, screening of characteristic flavor compounds based on OAV value, and categorization of flavor profile via clustering heatmap. Finaly, the optimal drying technique was identified by principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed that the sunlight drying and hot-air drying groups exhibited elevated levels of TVB-N and MDA, characterised by a rich bouquet but also containing pungent and undesirable odours. In contrast, compared with the sunlight drying and hot-air drying groups, the three groups treated with heat pump drying showed more than 13% and 55% decrease on TVB-N and MDA respectively, and relatively weak flavors. Meanwhile, the total relative contents for key flavor contributors of alcohols, aldehydes and ketones were as follows: Sunlight/heat pump drying with variable-temperature>combined sunlight/heat pump drying at 20 ℃>heat pump drying at 20 ℃. Furthermore, the cluster heatmap demonstrated that, in comparison with hot air drying, the flavor of semi-dried Trachinotus ovatus dried by the three groups of heat pumps was more analogous to that of sun-drying. The highest PCA score was obtained in the group of sunlight/heat pump drying with variable-temperature. In summary, this finding suggests that low temperatures are conducive to preserving the quality of semi-dried Trachinotus ovatus, and reducing the production of unpleasant odors. Besides, the appropriate levels of heat and light can promote the formation of flavor substances. Among the five sample groups, the semi-dried Trachinotus ovatus with the best comprehensive flavor and related physicochemical properties was the group of sunlight/heat pump drying with variable-temperature.

semi-dried Trachinotus ovatus  /  combined sunlight/heat pump drying  /  volatile components  /  principal component analysis  /  clustering analysis
梁钻好, 陈海强, 梁凤雪, 余铭. 不同干燥方法对半干金鲳鱼风味及其相关理化指标的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (4) : 78 -88 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020176
Zuanhao LIANG, Haiqiang CHEN, Fengxue LIANG, Ming YU. Effects of Drying Techniques on Flavor Profile and Related Physicochemical Properties of Semi-dried Trachinotus ovatus[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (4) : 78 -88 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020176
金鲳鱼,学名卵形鲳鯵,为鲈形目鲹科鲳鲹属。据中国水产科学研究院统计,2023年全国金鲳鱼的年产量为29.23万吨,成为我国第一大海水鱼养殖品种。金鲳鱼更是华南地区海洋牧场的重要养殖品种之一[1];广东湛江就是其全国最大的养殖基地,养殖量占全国40%,被誉为“中国金鲳鱼之都”;广东阳江也是仅次于湛江的国内第二大金鲳鱼主产区。金鲳鱼无肌间刺、肉质鲜嫩、富有弹性、口感滑嫩饱满,但它的脂肪含量较高,不适宜全干。半干金鲳鱼(水分含量40%~70%),既延长了鱼肉保鲜期,也保留了水产品的鲜甜味,其口感独特,为华南地区特色水产制品。
水产品干燥方式包括传统的人工晒制、高温机械烘干(热风干燥)和一些新型的低温干燥方式,如热泵干燥、真空冷冻干燥、微波干燥、远红外干燥等。传统日晒的鱼干风味独特,市场接受度高;高温机械烘干干燥速度快,虽可有效避免人工晒制的缺陷,但干燥过程也容易发生蛋白质热变性、脂质氧化、美拉德反应等影响干制品品质和外观(硬化)的不良反应[2],且太阳光氧化降解产生的风味物质有别于热反应降解[3]。高脂类水产更适宜采用低温干燥以减少脂肪氧化,延长货架期。低温干燥方式中,以低能耗的低温热泵干燥技术最具推广前景,由于干燥温度低,表面水分的蒸发速度与内部向表面迁移速度比较接近,避免了水产品中不饱和脂肪酸的氧化和表面发黄,减少了蛋白质受热变性、物料变形、变色和呈味类物质的损失;但也正因为干燥温度太低,产品色泽较淡,风味物质难以形成[4],感官欠佳,市场接受度较低。本团队研发的日光低温集成干燥设备[5],是在热泵干燥的基础上进行升级改造,实际为日光-热泵的组合干燥装备,生产的产品既保留大众喜好的日晒风味,又能更好地保持水产品营养、延缓氧化、增强贮藏性。但实际上,阳光与热能复合作用下的水产品风味变化非常复杂。相较于阴干处理,光照更能促进干腌武昌鱼脂肪氧化、风味形成和香气积累[6],有效提高腌腊草鱼风味物质的气味活性值[7]。但目前关于阳光与温度双变量对水产品风味影响的研究较为匮乏。基于此,本研究采用不同干燥方法干制半干金鲳鱼,深入探究太阳光和温度对半干金鲳鱼风味及其相关理化指标(TVB-N、丙二醛含量)的影响,旨在为水产品新型组合干燥方式提供理论依据。
金鲳鱼、食盐、味精 购于阳江市木赉市场;2,4,6-三甲基吡啶(纯度99%) 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司;氯化钠、硼酸、乙醇、氧化镁、盐酸、无水碳酸钠、溴甲酚绿、甲基红、亚甲基蓝、三氯乙酸、硫代巴比妥酸、乙二胺四乙酸二钠 分析纯,天津市福晨化学试剂厂。
日光低温集成干燥设备 实验室研发见图1,阳江市江湾冷气机电有限公司制造;DHG-9070A电热恒温鼓风干燥箱 成都圣欣科学仪器有限公司;萃取头(50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS) 美国Supelo公司;GCMS-QP2010 UItra气质联用仪、DB-Wax色谱柱 日本(岛津)有限公司;ATN-300自动凯氏定氮仪 上海洪纪仪器设备有限公司;SP-752紫外可见分光光度计 上海光谱仪器有限公司;SY204分析天平 上海佑科仪器仪表有限公司;HH·S21-4恒温水浴锅 上海悦丰仪器仪表有限公司;BC/BD-320HEK冰柜 青岛海尔特种电冰柜有限公司。
挑选质量(500±50)g的鲜活金鲳鱼,去鱼鳞、鱼鳃和内脏,切成连块状,用清水冲洗干净鱼体至无血丝。配制腌制液:8%食盐水中加入0.5%味精。腌制处理:鱼肉重量和腌制液体积比为1:2,再按鱼肉重量加入20%碎冰,确保鱼肉完全浸泡于腌制液中,腌制时间1 h。腌制结束后把鱼肉捞起沥干备用。
腌制后的金鲳鱼按5种干燥方式进行干燥处理,干燥时间通过鱼肉最终水分含量降到50%±5%来确定,干燥结束后样品真空包装至−18 ℃冻藏。5种干燥方式及工艺参数:A:日晒3 d;B:60 ℃热风干燥6 h;C:20 ℃热泵干燥21 h;D:日光+20 ℃热泵干燥16 h;E:日光+变温热泵干燥16 h,温度变化设置:20 ℃ 2 h,40 ℃ 0.5 h,20 ℃ 2 h,40 ℃ 0.5 h,20 ℃ 11 h。C、D、E组均采用本团队研发并授权专利[5]的日光低温集成干燥设备进行干燥,其中C组在室内避光运行,D、E组露天运行。
TVB-N含量参照GB 5009.228-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中挥发性盐基氮的测定》中的半微量滴定法进行测定;丙二醛含量参照GB 5009.181-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中丙二醛的测定》中的分光光度法进行测定。
参照梁钻好等[8]的方法稍作修改。取鱼肉研磨成鱼糜后待测。于顶空瓶中准确称取5.00 g鱼肉样品,并加入20 mL饱和氯化钠溶液和10 μL 0.05 mL/L 2,4,6-三甲基吡啶溶液后迅速密闭顶空瓶,80 ℃平衡10 min后将已老化的萃取头插入顶空瓶中富集萃取30 min, 在240 ℃脱附3 min进样。
色谱条件:DB-Wax极性毛细管柱(30 m×250 μm×0.25 μm),载气为氦气,流速1 mL/min;恒压模式,压力112 kPa;色谱柱起始柱温为50 ℃,首先以4 ℃/min升到100 ℃,然后以3 ℃/min升到150 ℃,最后以10 ℃/min升到230 ℃。进样量10 μL,不分流。进样口温度240 ℃,检测器温度280 ℃。
质谱条件:EI离子源温度230 ℃,能量70 eV,扫描范围35~500 m/z。数据由Xcalibur软件系统处理,未知化合物经计算机检索NIST谱库(107 k compounds)相匹配,正反匹配度>80的鉴定结果才予以报道。
化合物含量和内标物质含量计算公式分别如公式(1)和公式(2)所示:
$ \mathrm{化}\mathrm{合}\mathrm{物}\mathrm{浓}\mathrm{度}(\text{µ}\mathrm{g}/100\;\mathrm{g})=\frac{\mathrm{化}\mathrm{合}\mathrm{物}\mathrm{峰}\mathrm{面}\mathrm{积}}{\mathrm{内}\mathrm{标}\mathrm{物}\mathrm{峰}\mathrm{面}\mathrm{积}}\times \mathrm{内}\mathrm{标}\mathrm{物}\mathrm{质}\mathrm{量}\mathrm{浓}\mathrm{度} $
$\rm \mathrm{内}\mathrm{标}\mathrm{物}\mathrm{质}\mathrm{量}\mathrm{浓}\mathrm{度}(\text{µ}\mathrm{g}/100\;\mathrm{g})=\frac{\rho \times v\times c}{m} $
式中:ρ,内标物密度,视为1 g/mL;v,内标物体积,mL;c,内标物浓度,mL/L;m,鱼肉质量,g。
查阅相关文献获得挥发性化合物的嗅觉阈值,OAV值大于1的确定为特征风味化合物,计算如公式(3)所示:
$ \mathrm{O}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{V}=\frac{\mathrm{化}\mathrm{合}\mathrm{物}\mathrm{浓}\mathrm{度}}{\mathrm{该}\mathrm{化}\mathrm{合}\mathrm{物}\mathrm{的}\mathrm{嗅}\mathrm{觉}\mathrm{阈}\mathrm{值}} $
试验数据采用WPS Office Execl 6.14.0进行绘图,GraphPad Prism 9进行方差分析和主成分分析,TBtools-II进行聚类热图分析,采用SPSS 23软件中的单因素ANOVA检验中的Duncan’s post-hoc检测对数据间的差异显著性进行评价(P<0.05)。
TVB-N含量反映蛋白质的变性程度,丙二醛含量反映脂肪氧化程度,二者含量越高代表蛋白质变性、脂肪氧化程度越严重[9−10]。如图2、图3所示,干燥方式对半干金鲳鱼的TVB-N及丙二醛含量有显著影响(P<0.05)。TVB-N含量高低排序为:日晒>60 ℃热风>日光+变温热泵>日光+20 ℃热泵>20 ℃热泵,两者之间均有显著差异。在丙二醛含量上,日晒组也是位居第一,高达2.76 mg/kg,其含量分别为20 ℃热泵、日光+20 ℃热泵和日光+变温热泵这3组热泵干燥的19.83倍、8.41倍和9.87倍;热风组次之,其含量也分别达到3组热泵干燥的5.27倍、2.24倍和2.63倍。3组热泵干燥中,以20 ℃热泵组的TVB-N和丙二醛含量最低,即20 ℃低温热泵干燥有利于延缓半干金鲳鱼的蛋白质变性。
鱼肉蛋白质在细菌蛋白酶与内源性蛋白酶的共同作用下逐步降解成肽类和氨基酸,再经脱氨酶和脱羧酶作用生成大量的挥发性氨和生物胺类[11]。日晒过程鱼肉中微生物含量显著增加[11],温暖阳光下也适合内源性蛋白酶作用,表现为TVB-N含量最高。高温同样会加速蛋白质、游离氨基酸和核苷酸的降解,使蛋白质发生热变性[9]。3组热泵干燥的干燥温度较低,低温下微生物繁殖速率减慢,各种生化反应速率受到抑制[9],表现为3组热泵干燥的半干金鲳鱼TVB-N含量较低。且根据光和温度变化,表现为20 ℃热泵组的TVB-N含量最低,增加光照和提高温度后,即日光+变温热泵干燥组,其TVB-N含量显著增加。这表明低温避光干燥有利于降低蛋白质变性程度。
温度高于35 ℃时,鱼脂肪氧化加速,因此60 ℃热风干燥的半干金鲳鱼脂肪氧化的产物丙二醛含量显著高于3组热泵干燥的;然而光照亦可加速脂肪氧化[7,12],故温度同样控制在20 ℃,日光+热泵组的丙二醛含量略高于单独热泵组,日晒组的金鲳鱼长时间受太阳光尤其是强烈的紫外线直接照射,丙二醛含量甚至高于热风组。这与顾赛麒等[7]研究发现光照组腌腊鱼脂质氧化指标均高于避光组这一结果一致。
采用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)测定半干金鲳鱼的挥发性成分,结果见表1。5组半干金鲳鱼分别被检测出77、65、70、65和61种挥发性成分,共同化合物29种。其中以1-辛烯-3-醇、己醛和壬醛含量相对较高,这3种化合物的总相对含量约占总挥发性物质的1/3,可能是半干金鲳鱼重要的挥发性成分。1-辛烯-3-醇主要源于氧化酶对不饱和脂肪酸的氧化分解作用[13],具有鱼肉香、脂肪气味、草和蘑菇的气味[14],阈值低;己醛和壬醛的风味前体物质是源于油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸及花生四烯酸等不饱和脂肪酸的氧化[15],具有青葱味[14],也是低阈值化合物。现有研究表明,1-辛烯-3-醇、己醛和壬醛是腌腊红牙鱼[16]、干腌武昌鱼[6]、腌腊草鱼[7,17]等多种腌腊鱼制品的特征风味化合物。对比5组样品中1-辛烯-3-醇、己醛和壬醛含量可知,60 ℃热风组的1-辛烯-3-醇和己醛含量最高,而3组光照(日晒、日光+20 ℃热泵、日光+变温热泵)的壬醛含量相对偏高。因此可推测脂肪酸的热氧化降解有利于形成1-辛烯-3-醇和己醛,而这可能又与美拉德反应促进形成这类化合物有关[18];壬醛的合成则更偏向于光氧化降解。顾赛麒等[19]在光敏剂高铁肌红蛋白介导腌腊草鱼脂质光氧化反应实验得出壬醛含量与脂肪酸的光氧化反应呈正相关。陈方雪等[6]研究也发现日晒的干腌武昌鱼中壬醛含量显著高于阴干的。
如图4所示,在半干金鲳鱼挥发性化合物大类方面,5组样品共检测出9大类122种挥发性成分,以醇类、醛类、酮类和烷烃类化合物为主,其次是烯炔类,还有少量的芳香类、酯类和含氮类化合物。20 ℃热泵组未被检测出含氮类化合物,只有日光+20 ℃热泵组被检测出1种酸类化合物(2-乙基丁酸),其他4组未被检测出酸类化合物。
日晒组的挥发性成分种类最多,以醇类和醛类含量最高、种类最多(图4)。从挥发性成分类别分析,醇类主要源于不饱和脂肪酸的降解[19−20],醛类主要源自脂肪酸自氧化(线性醛)和氨基酸降解(支醛和芳香醛)[21−23],二者阈值低,对气味有极大贡献作用。此外,不饱和烯醇和烯醛被认为对腌腊鱼的干香、青香、脂香贡献显著[19]。这些表明,日晒半干金鲳鱼气味更丰富。除了1-辛烯-3-醇、己醛和壬醛外,日晒组的2-丁基-1-辛醇、2-己基-1-辛醇、反-2-壬烯-1-醇、反-2-庚烯醛和庚醛含量也较高,其中2-丁基-1-辛醇、2-己基-1-辛醇、反-2-壬烯-1-醇、反-2-庚烯醛只在日晒组中被检测出,是日晒组区别于其他干燥方式的重要挥发性成分。现有研究也发现类似现象,反-2-壬烯-1-醇和反-2-庚烯醛只在日晒组的腌草鱼[7]和腌武昌鱼中[6]被检测出。
酮类主要由脂肪酸的氧化降解以及醇类物质的氧化生成[24]。酮类化合物在各组半干金鲳鱼中占比也较高,但大部分阈值也较高,对半干金鲳鱼整体风味贡献度不如醇类和醛类,但对成品风味具有一定的修饰作用[25]。
5组样品中被检测出3种含氮类化合物,其中具有腐败特征臭味的三甲胺阈值较高,对半干金鲳鱼风味有重要影响,是鱼腥气味的重要来源。三甲胺只在日晒组中被检测出,与半干金鲳鱼长时间暴露在外被微生物污染有关[11],也从侧面反映日晒半干金鲳鱼不耐贮藏,与2.1日晒组TVB-N含量较高相一致。20 ℃热泵组未被检测出含氮化合物,说明低温有利于减少不良气味的产生。
3组热泵干燥均被检测出约10种烷烃类化合物,相对含量约占总挥发性成分的20%,远高于日晒组(15.9%)和热风组(11.6%)。烷烃类化合物阈值较高,对半干金鲳鱼风味几乎无贡献,表明3组热泵干燥的风味显著相对较弱。这与20 ℃热泵干燥温度太低,延缓了脂质和蛋白质氧化降解或阻碍了美拉德反应等从而抑制了部分风味前体物质的形成密切相关。虽然如此,但3组热泵干燥中对风味有重要贡献的醇类、醛类和酮类化合物总相对含量为日光+变温热泵(70.8%)>日光+20 ℃热泵(68.2%)>20 ℃热泵(64.0%),即相同干燥温度下,增加光照和适当的高温,有利于加速脂质和蛋白质氧化降解(与2.1的理化指标变化规律一致),从而促进风味前体物质的形成。
如表2所示,通过OAV值大于1确定半干金鲳鱼的特征风味化合物有21种,共有特征风味化合物10种,包括4种醇类(己醇、1-辛烯-3-醇、庚醇、反-2-辛烯-1-醇)和6种醛类(己醛、庚醛、壬醛、癸醛、反-2-壬烯醛、反,顺-2,6-壬二烯醛)。
醇类特征风味物质中,以1-辛烯-3-醇的OAV值最高,在5组半干金鲳鱼中占4种醇类特征风味化合物贡献度的85%以上,表明1-辛烯-3-醇对半干金鲳鱼香气贡献较大。醇类香气差异也较大,己醇具有青草味,1-辛烯-3-醇具有蘑菇味、庚醇具有坚果味[14],这3种醇类物质也被顾赛麒等[11]确定为腌腊草鱼的重要气味活性物质。反-2-辛烯-1-醇则有脂香和奶油香[7],香气各异的醇类赋予半干金鲳鱼丰富细腻的风味。
C5~C10的饱和醛主要来自油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和花生四烯酸等的氧化降解,不饱和烯醛主要来自亚油酸酯和亚麻酸酯氢过氧化物的降解[11,19]。根据气味描述(表2),上述4种饱和醛和2种烯醛赋予了半干金鲳鱼典型的鱼香、青香和脂香风味,顾赛麒等[11]的研究也得出类似的结果。其中癸醛、壬醛、反-2-壬烯醛、己醛的OAV值均超50,这4种醛类特征风味化合物在5组半干金鲳鱼中分别占10种共有特征风味化合物总贡献度的88.96%、84.75%、92.23%、88.55%和95.77%,在10种共有特征风味化合物中对半干金鲳鱼风味贡献度较大。
十一醛具有脂肪、黄油和蜡香,对半干金鲳鱼风味有正向贡献作用,而含有汽油和辛辣气味的4-异丙基甲苯以及具有腐败氨臭味的三甲胺(OAV值104.55)对风味起反向贡献作用[14,26]。5组半干金鲳鱼中,仅日晒组被检出十一醛、4-异丙基甲苯和三甲胺,且OAV>1,可推测这3种风味化合物是日晒半干金鲳鱼区别于其它干燥方式的重要特征风味化合物。此外,反-2-辛烯醛只在热风组被检测出,并且具有较高的OAV值(11.024),可能与高温有利于熟肉中的热反应和不饱和脂肪酸的降解有关,其尖刺的脂肪气味[26]可能是热风干燥半干金鲳鱼哈喇味的重要来源。
根据特征风味化合物的OAV值进行聚类热图分析,结果如图5所示,可把5组半干金鲳鱼样品分成3大类。热风组和日晒组各为一类,3组热泵干燥的风味较为接近,可归为一类。5组样品中,同一特征化合物在某组样品中的贡献度越大(OAV值越大),颜色越红,反之颜色越蓝。对比其他组,热风组的特征风味化合物贡献度要么最大,要么最小,呈明显的两极分化,表现为风味较尖锐。日晒组的特征风味化合物贡献度也有明显的分化,且大部分特征风味化合物贡献度大小与热风组相反,即日晒组的风味明显区别于热风组,这表明光氧化降解反应产生的风味物质是有别于热反应降解产生的。日光+20 ℃热泵组和日光+变温热泵组的特征风味化合物贡献度最为接近,大部分为中偏低贡献度,表明两组半干金鲳鱼风味较柔和。相比热风组,3组热泵干燥的半干金鲳鱼风味特征更接近日晒组。
结合特征风味化合物和风味相关理化指标(TVB-N和丙二醛含量)对5组半干金鲳鱼进行PCA分析,提取出3个主成分,累计方差贡献率达97.14%(表3),表明3个主成分可以解释原始数据的绝大部分信息。以不同主成分的方差贡献率为权重,根据提取的3个主成分得分与相应权重乘积的累加和计算得到5组半干金鲳鱼特征风味化合物、TVB-N和丙二醛的综合得分和排序结果见表4。综合得分越高,说明该组样品的风味及相关理化指标综合指标越好[28]。综合得分由高到低依次排序为:日光+变温热泵、日光+20 ℃热泵、20 ℃热泵、60 ℃热风、日晒。
酶促反应、热降解反应、美拉德反应等导致的脂肪氧化与水解、蛋白质降解与氧化,是食品形成风味物质的重要途径。高温和光照均有利于加速脂解和蛋白水解,释放风味前体物质,从而促进半干金鲳鱼风味的形成。同时,脂解和蛋白水解也是鱼肉品质劣变的两个重要生化过程[29],表现为TVB-N、丙二醛含量增加,贮藏性降低。过度的脂解和蛋白水解所释放的挥发性氨和生物胺类(如三甲胺、吲哚等)同样会给半干金鲳鱼带来刺鼻的不良气味。如何找到平衡点以获得品质风味兼优的半干金鲳鱼产品,是目前行业亟待解决的关键问题。日光+变温热泵组利用低温热泵干燥技术抑制脂解和蛋白水解,获得TVB-N和丙二醛含量较低的半干金鲳鱼;结合日光和短时高温加工适当促进脂解和蛋白水解[30],提升产品风味,从而获得风味及其相关理化指标综合最佳的半干金鲳鱼。
本研究表明,光照和温度对半干金鲳鱼风味及其相关指标有重要影响。日晒和热风干燥半干金鲳鱼的TVB-N和丙二醛含量显著高于3组热泵干燥的(P<0.05),日晒组样品具有独特的2-丁基-1-辛醇、2-己基-1-辛醇、反-2-壬烯-1-醇和反-2-庚烯醛,气味更丰富,但也含有不良风味组分(4-异丙基甲苯和三甲胺)。3组热泵干燥能有效抑制TVB-N和丙二醛含量的增加,但其样品中对气味几乎无贡献的烷烃类化合物占比远高于日晒组和热风组,导致其风味相对较弱;进一步深入分析,3组热泵干燥中对风味有重要贡献的醇类、醛类和酮类化合物总相对含量为日光+变温热泵(70.8%)>日光+20 ℃热泵(68.2%)>20 ℃热泵(64.0%)。这表明低温有利于保持半干金鲳鱼品质,增加光照和适当的高温有利于促进风味物质的形成,基于特征风味化合物的聚类热图分析结果表明,3组热泵干燥的半干金鲳鱼风味特征比热风组更接近日晒组。结合特征风味化合物、TVB-N和丙二醛的PCA分析表明,日光+变温热泵干燥能获得风味和品质较佳的半干金鲳鱼。

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2026年第47卷第4期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020176
  • 接收时间:2025-02-24
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-24
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    1阳江职业技术学院,广东阳江 529566
    2广东海洋大学食品科学与工程学院,广东阳江 529500
    3广东省食品低温加工工程技术研究中心,广东阳江 529566

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余铭(1973−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品保藏新技术,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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