Article(id=1320889546988958339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320889471592149951, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040207, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744819200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854208942, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854208942, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854208942, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854208942, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320889471592149951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771084800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854190967, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854190967, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=172, endPage=183, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889547215450756, articleId=1320889546988958339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of Space Voltage Electrostatic Field Combined with Controlled Freezing Point Storage on Volatile Flavor Substances and Microbial Community Composition of Beef Steak, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined spatial electric field and subzero temperature storage on volatile flavor compounds and microbial community succession in marinated steak. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene were performed to analyze the dynamic changes in volatile flavor compounds and the characteristics of the microbial community structure during refrigerated storage, subzero storage, and combined spatial electric field and subzero storage. Volatile flavor compounds with significant characteristics were identified based on odor activity value (OAV) calculations and multivariate statistical analysis, and their associations with the microbial communities were explored using Spearman correlation analysis. The results showed that a total of 39 volatile flavor compounds were detected during the low-temperature storage of marinated steak. Among these, hexanal, benzaldehyde, heptanal, octanal, phenylacetaldehyde, E-2-decenal, 2-methyl-3-heptanone, 2-nonanone, 1-octen-3-ol, dimethyl disulfide, nonanal, and limonene were identified as the main characteristic flavor compounds (OAV>1). Compared with the single refrigeration group, the synergy of space electric field treatment maintained the stability of the composition and relative content of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and esters and inhibited the accumulation of spoilage-related flavor compounds. In addition, the space electric field regulated the succession of microbial communities, slowing the rate of transition from psychrophilic bacteria to dominant spoilage bacteria. Correlation analysis indicated that the genera Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter played a key role in flavor changes and would be positively correlated with the production of spoilage markers, such as octanal, dimethyl disulfide, and nonanal. Therefore, space electric fields can inhibit the proliferation of spoilage bacteria in the short term, slow flavor deterioration, and extend the shelf life of prepared beef steaks, providing a highly promising new strategy for the preservation of meat products.

, authors=Mingzhu WANG1, 2, Yong XIE1, Lijun TAN1, Cong LI1, Xianyan LIAO2, Junyi HUANG2, Baocai XU1, *, authorsList=Mingzhu WANG, Yong XIE, Lijun TAN, Cong LI, Xianyan LIAO, Junyi HUANG, Baocai XU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Baocai XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889549354545819, articleId=1320889546988958339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=空间电场联合冰温贮藏对调理牛排挥发性风味物质及微生物群落演替的影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究空间电场联合冰温贮藏对调理牛排挥发性风味物质及微生物群落演替的影响,本研究采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)与16S rRNA高通量测序技术,分别解析冷藏处理、冰温处理以及空间电场联合冰温贮藏过程中挥发性风味物质动态变化及菌群结构特征。基于气味活度值(OAV)计算与多元统计分析筛选特征风味物质,并利用Spearman相关性分析探讨其与微生物群落的关联性。结果表明,调理牛排低温贮藏过程中共检测到39种挥发性风味物质,其中己醛、苯甲醛、庚醛、辛醛、苯乙醛、E-2-癸烯醛、2-甲基-3-庚酮、2-壬酮、1-辛烯-3-醇、二甲基二硫醚、壬醛和柠檬烯为主要特征风味物质(OAV>1)。与单一冷藏组相比,空间电场协同冰温处理维持了醇、醛、酮和酯类物质的组成及相对含量的稳定,并抑制腐败相关风味物质的积累。此外,空间电场调控了微生物群落演替,延缓了嗜冷菌向优势腐败菌转变的速率。相关性分析表明,假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)在风味变化中起关键作用,并与辛醛、二甲基二硫醚、壬醛等腐败标志物的产生呈正相关。因此,空间电场能够在短期内抑制腐败菌群扩增,减缓风味劣变,进而延长调理牛排的货架期,为肌肉食品的保鲜提供一种极具潜力的新策略。

, authors=王明珠1, 2, 谢勇1, 檀利军1, 李聪1, 廖鲜艳2, 黄俊逸2, 徐宝才1, *, authorsList=王明珠, 谢勇, 檀利军, 李聪, 廖鲜艳, 黄俊逸, 徐宝才, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=徐宝才, authorNote=

王明珠(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:肉品加工,E-mail:

谢勇(1996−),男,博士,讲师,研究方向:肉品加工与质量控制,E-mail:

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徐宝才(1973−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:肉品加工与质量控制,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=lIP41K8r9yDQiCLhZY4pGw==, magXml=g6Fk0YWLK7iMNleGeQBgUA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=WgQkiaGc0c39iDK/BOAdYA==, pdfFileSize=17399164, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=5PBGcdMP+RJRwAiddY0oDw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Gkb/gmg0dj7vkoLzIn8F6A==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320889551397171879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889546988958339, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=wmz991219@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320889551489446570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889546988958339, authorId=1320889551397171879, language=EN, stringName=Mingzhu WANG, firstName=Mingzhu, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
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注:A. 聚类热图;B. 挥发性化合物总量堆积柱状图。

, figureFileSmall=RdpfsuOx+cOR4pRHcEGBEA==, figureFileBig=IxeEhf9SHwexRygBlPC2Rg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889556312896218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889546988958339, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=OPLS-DA results of GC-MS analysis of beef steak under different storage conditions, figureFileSmall=onjiZ04qI1FWdq2MS0GPlQ==, figureFileBig=ggYEh9D/b9JisbFAjoxcTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889556384199387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889546988958339, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同低温贮藏条件下调理牛排GC-MS分析的OPLS-DA结果

注:(A)得分图;(B)聚类热图;(C)置换检验图;(D)VIP值。

, figureFileSmall=onjiZ04qI1FWdq2MS0GPlQ==, figureFileBig=ggYEh9D/b9JisbFAjoxcTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889556442919644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889546988958339, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Rarefaction curve of high-throughput sequencing of beef steak under different storage conditions, figureFileSmall=ol4DotNg/BOYI/ISlXEnTA==, figureFileBig=NdmzNnKPym414p6UDBy70Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889556505834205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889546988958339, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同低温贮藏条件下调理牛排高通量测序分析的稀疏曲线, figureFileSmall=ol4DotNg/BOYI/ISlXEnTA==, figureFileBig=NdmzNnKPym414p6UDBy70Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889556581331678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889546988958339, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Comparison of Alpha diversity of beef steak under different storage conditions, figureFileSmall=kDIs88VQuLX4xU/06+SCjw==, figureFileBig=dW/1LLUyqdoqILge78Xvzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889556648440543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889546988958339, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同低温贮藏条件下调理牛排的Alpha多样性对比

注:*表示数据差异显著,P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=kDIs88VQuLX4xU/06+SCjw==, figureFileBig=dW/1LLUyqdoqILge78Xvzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889556715549408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889546988958339, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=NMDS analysis of beef steak under different storage conditions, figureFileSmall=BqityT8B200QsV/c1ZYQeg==, figureFileBig=u2V4rsTTuhvbVFxqbGgCcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889556812018401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889546988958339, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同低温贮藏条件下调理牛排的NMDS分析, figureFileSmall=BqityT8B200QsV/c1ZYQeg==, figureFileBig=u2V4rsTTuhvbVFxqbGgCcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889556904293090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889546988958339, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Phylum-level distribution of beef steak microbial community under different storage conditions, figureFileSmall=jslksgamJTXzpKLe60L97w==, figureFileBig=W9qNFIy+Ah1q6PTyDkKzJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889556992373475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889546988958339, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同低温贮藏条件下调理牛排微生物群落的门水平分布, figureFileSmall=jslksgamJTXzpKLe60L97w==, figureFileBig=W9qNFIy+Ah1q6PTyDkKzJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889557088842468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889546988958339, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Genus-level distribution of beef steak microbial community under different storage conditions, figureFileSmall=Wb5lWwblRd3hwFA+DYxoWQ==, figureFileBig=Eh88NgzG99tme+wGfXPkNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889557164339941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889546988958339, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同低温贮藏条件下调理牛排微生物群落的属水平分布, figureFileSmall=Wb5lWwblRd3hwFA+DYxoWQ==, figureFileBig=Eh88NgzG99tme+wGfXPkNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889557239837414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889546988958339, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Wayne diagram of beef steak OTU core-pan chart under different storage conditions, figureFileSmall=CshZ7bcGtqocmuaz36h7+g==, figureFileBig=FRBQEwcZmUIgbTD++YLH3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889557302751975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889546988958339, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同低温贮藏条件下调理牛排微生物群落的操作分类单元(OTU)韦恩图, figureFileSmall=CshZ7bcGtqocmuaz36h7+g==, figureFileBig=FRBQEwcZmUIgbTD++YLH3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889557365666536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889546988958339, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Species abundance clustering heatmap of beef steak under different storage conditions, figureFileSmall=eaQ+2mLMkZtk2HGaqzqY6g==, figureFileBig=H16u4JhX+vvQlzJNsLZQtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889557457941225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889546988958339, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同低温贮藏条件下调理牛排物种丰度聚类热图, figureFileSmall=eaQ+2mLMkZtk2HGaqzqY6g==, figureFileBig=H16u4JhX+vvQlzJNsLZQtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889557512467178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889546988958339, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Correlation cluster heatmap between microbial community composition and characteristic flavor compounds of beef steak under different storage conditions, figureFileSmall=vnbtvnJSmj57weIMTCPuBQ==, figureFileBig=DFzOEHILT1xhECrrg0MqWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889557571187435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889546988958339, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同低温贮藏条件下调理牛排菌群组成和特征风味物质的相关性聚类热图

注:*表示数据差异显著,P<0.05;**表示数据差异极显著,P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=vnbtvnJSmj57weIMTCPuBQ==, figureFileBig=DFzOEHILT1xhECrrg0MqWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889557638296300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889546988958339, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Components of PCR amplification system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分体积(μL)
Q5 high-fidelity DNA polymerase0.25
5×反应缓冲液5
5×高GC缓冲液5
dNTP(10 mmol/L)2
模板DNA2
正向引物(10 µmol/L)1
反向引物(10 µmol/L)1
水8.75
), ArticleFig(id=1320889557722182381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889546988958339, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

PCR扩增体系成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分体积(μL)
Q5 high-fidelity DNA polymerase0.25
5×反应缓冲液5
5×高GC缓冲液5
dNTP(10 mmol/L)2
模板DNA2
正向引物(10 µmol/L)1
反向引物(10 µmol/L)1
水8.75
), ArticleFig(id=1320889557806068462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889546988958339, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Quantitative comparison of volatile compounds in beef steak under different storage conditions by GC-MS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号RI名称分子式绝对含量(μg/kg)
FHCL-D5CFP-D5CFP-D10CFP-D15CFPE-D5CFPE-D10CFPE-D15CFPE-D20
1771己醛C6H12O136.7±9.11e193.27±16.32d198.67±19.88d431.73±40.08a378.5±0.52b272.61±28.35c460.57±25.8a446.62±30.75a286.56±37.66c
2882庚醛C7H14O58.66±3.25e75.29±8.61cd78.01±8.85bcd85.33±3.61abc66.56±0.67de79.28±9.37abcd89.85±12.36ab92±4.29a74.68±6.32cd
3927苯甲醛C7H6O3.41±0.45c7.71±0.89a5.47±1.01ab6.97±0.25a5.97±0.99ab4.08±0.15c5.23±1.77b5.25±0.21ab6.96±1.01a
4982辛醛C8H16O69.33±3.73b4.46±0.31de57.61±6.67cNDND90±7.99a72.66±8.56b12.26±0.32deND
51012苯乙醛C8H8OND69.41±4.26bND23.29±2.15e48.19±3.11cND37.77±4.66d44.18±1.21cd95.39±10.71a
61047丙醛二乙基乙缩醛C7H12O2ND157.79±8.54aND60.33±7.8d139±8.38bND52.31±5.95d117.48±1.12cd168.16±16.6a
71081壬醛C9H18O25.42±1.47f42.61±2.51bc26.06±2.71f31.07±2.85ef26.20±3.48a33.83±2.96de34.60±4.36de37.42±1.79cd27.78±5.14b
81236E-2-癸烯醛C10H18O56.93±3.8e97.1±3.99a70.31±7.02cd68.64±6.86d87.32±5.42ab75.7±6.22cd72.39±9.65cd77.09±1.01bcd81.2±7.27bc
914322-十二烯醛C12H22O64.33±4.19f188.07±10.2a100.4±9.95de94.27±8.5e161.52±7.61bc104.14±12.3de118.48±13.77d143.53±4.22cd168.51±19.8b
总计醛类411.78±18.5e835.51±37.47a536.13±23.84de801.63±30.53cd913.26±37.98a659.64±27.91d943.86±23.47bc975.83±1.55b909.24±46.78a
10480丙酮C3H6O28.09±2.28f113.47±7.23b44.06±4.81e63.5±6.6d145.12±7.25a42±4.56e58.42±6.45d82.79±0.72c138.56±13.33a
115602-丁酮C4H8O48.75±2.46f178.47±8.45a66.86±6.55e83.26±6.76d159.63±9.02b77.09±8.95de70.15±9.01de73.07±1.1de125.74±10.98cd
126783-羟基-2-丁酮C4H8O2ND85.44±3.25deND37.95±3.76f99.57±6.03c39.47±3.77f57.13±7.52e110.25±1.07e120.58±12.57a
138712-庚酮C7H14O13.11±0.9f128.51±7.24b52.43±6.05d96.78±11.38c139.65±8.29a17.54±1.7f34.25±4e58.28±1.62e63.41±5.71d
149182-甲基-3-庚酮C8H16O22.29±1.18e56.97±4.01b31.08±3.66d55.34±6.31b71.65±2.87a31.95±2.8d29.54±3.56d47.4±1.91d60.04±6b
1510702-壬酮C9H18O15.08±0.6f31.18±1.76bc21.03±1.75e28.14±2.35cd40.84±2.06a24.19±2.71de26.26±3.06d34.44±1.76d34.47±3.62b
总计酮类127.32±7.24f594.02±31.34b215.46±22.83e364.98±36.96cd656.47±34.76a232.24±24.47de275.76±33.54d406.22±4.65c542.81±52.15b
16706异戊醇C5H12O27.14±1.16f157.12±8.11b49.51±6.51e78.32±10.2d193.08±12a42.17±2.85e47.25±5.3e71.23±2.56d128.37±13.16c
17735正戊醇C5H12O16.63±1.16f67.18±4.92b31.67±3.2de47.93±6.07c65.74±2.92b27.36±2.95e28.13±3.95e38.56±1.1d81.7±8.89a
18747DL-2,3-丁二醇C4H10O2ND126.36±7.6bND36.45±3.65d121.2±5.69bNDND86.09±2.59c176.71±17.83a
19852正己醇C6H14OND52.91±2.5aNDND42.63±2.75bNDNDND13.06±1.27c
209221,4-丁二醇C4H10O212.47±0.46aNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND
219591-辛烯-3-醇C8H16OND119.37±4.85b65.99±6.31d92.26±12.2c141.39±7.54aND64.14±8.85d95.23±2.76c112.23±9.74b
2210202-乙基己醇C8H18OND154.93±8.89aNDND132.4±8.55bNDND73.56±2.06d90.89±9.56c
2310582,3,4-三甲基-1-戊醇C8H18OND39.39±1.87bNDND15±0.56cNDND36.59±1.15b48.28±4.78a
2411782-壬烯-1-醇C9H18O31.68±1.14g93.48±3.93a53.88±5.33cd64.1±5.05b89.71±6.22a42.73±4.4ef39.93±5.15f48.6±1.99de58.83±5.47bc
总计醇类87.93±3.79f810.74±40.88a201.05±21.32e319.07±37.08d801.14±43.85a112.25±10.2f179.45±23.23e449.86±14.14c710.06±70.64b
25577乙酸乙酯C4H8O227.17±0.98d72.01±4.1a45.15±5.16c46.12±5.55c76.88±2.91a40.74±2.97c45.05±6.1c62.09±2.52b79.22±7.7a
26749甘氨酸乙酯C4H9NO215.05±0.9d41.71±2.23a30.03±3.87b33.03±3.75b44.61±2.14a21.07±1.98c23.47±3.25c30.25±0.76b34.5±3.29b
2712732,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇二异丁酸酯C16H30O4ND38.61±2.02a14.87±2cND20.38±1.05b15.45±1.76c14.46±1.9c15.9±0.53c16.48±1.72c
281956草酸烯丙基乙酯C7H10O4ND25.45±1.48bND17.36±2.2c30.24±1.72aNDNDND28.75±2.87a
292548二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸甲酯C6H13NS28.32±0.68dND10.86±0.91d17.12±1.72c25.11±1.15b11.42±1.11d25.82±3.55b30.5±1.15a31.29±2.84a
总计酯类50.54±2.45e177.77±9.69a100.91±11.93cd113.63±13.24cd197.22±8.89a88.69±7.87d108.8±14.83cd138.73±5b190.23±18.42a
301020柠檬烯C10H16NDND41.98±5.13ab40.48±5.31b47.59±2.08aND39.06±4.95b44.51±2.11ab48.08±5.2a
311400十四烷C14H3036.23±2.61e71.08±3.71ab51.2±6.31d49.2±5.88d71.71±4.59a51.92±5.9d50.91±6.48d61.06±2.41c62.53±5.67bc
总计烃类36.22±2.58f71.08±3.71d93.17±11.46bc89.67±11.07cd119.3±6.38a51.93±5.91e89.97±11.39cd105.57±4.48ab110.6±10.91a
32642乙酸CH3COOH2.14±0.15f62.01±2.85a20.34±2.36d20.68±2.9d46.54±2.14bNDND14±0.64e36.37±3.21c
总计酸类2.14±0.15f62.01±2.82a20.34±2.36de20.68±2.88d46.54±2.14bNDND14±0.65e36.37±3.21c
33850乙苯C8H10ND5.75±0.35g76.28±9.1a45.74±5.25c15.51±0.61f26.83±1.86e35.89±3.9d48.29±2.08c63.65±7.15b
341049乙酰苯C8H8O24.29±1.36aNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND
总计芳香族类24.29±1.37e5.75±0.34f127.33±14.54a45.74±5.26cd15.51±0.61ef69.87±6.87b35.9±3.88d48.29±2.08c63.65±7.13b
355672-甲基环丙胺C3H7N10.63±0.59e35.29±1.11a17.2±1.85c17.41±1.5bc19.9±1.4b15.73±1.72cd14.28±2.1de16.2±0.7cd16.04±1.48cd
36625氮杂环丙烷C3H7N17.14±2.1f88.98±2.9a34.22±3.86e34.25±4.5e64.68±3.66b34.52±2.4e36.45±4.5de41.47±1.91d47.94±4.56c
37751丁酮肟C4H9NOND22.46±1.1bNDND26.53±1.59aNDND18.28±0.72c23.79±2.07b
38934二甲基二硫醚C2H6S2ND21.64±1.2aNDND7.73±0.26bNDNDNDND
391340四唑-5-胺CH3N5ND27.2±0.95a7.53±0.8d16.27±2.4c25.75±1.26aNDND14.65±0.74c19.5±1.69b
总计含氮含硫类27.77±2.63g195.57±7.25a58.95±6.56ef67.93±8.41e144.59±8.11b50.25±4.07fg50.73±6.57fg90.6±4.06d107.28±9.77c
), ArticleFig(id=1320889557894148847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889546988958339, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

GC-MS对不同低温贮藏条件下调理牛排中的挥发性化合物进行定量比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号RI名称分子式绝对含量(μg/kg)
FHCL-D5CFP-D5CFP-D10CFP-D15CFPE-D5CFPE-D10CFPE-D15CFPE-D20
1771己醛C6H12O136.7±9.11e193.27±16.32d198.67±19.88d431.73±40.08a378.5±0.52b272.61±28.35c460.57±25.8a446.62±30.75a286.56±37.66c
2882庚醛C7H14O58.66±3.25e75.29±8.61cd78.01±8.85bcd85.33±3.61abc66.56±0.67de79.28±9.37abcd89.85±12.36ab92±4.29a74.68±6.32cd
3927苯甲醛C7H6O3.41±0.45c7.71±0.89a5.47±1.01ab6.97±0.25a5.97±0.99ab4.08±0.15c5.23±1.77b5.25±0.21ab6.96±1.01a
4982辛醛C8H16O69.33±3.73b4.46±0.31de57.61±6.67cNDND90±7.99a72.66±8.56b12.26±0.32deND
51012苯乙醛C8H8OND69.41±4.26bND23.29±2.15e48.19±3.11cND37.77±4.66d44.18±1.21cd95.39±10.71a
61047丙醛二乙基乙缩醛C7H12O2ND157.79±8.54aND60.33±7.8d139±8.38bND52.31±5.95d117.48±1.12cd168.16±16.6a
71081壬醛C9H18O25.42±1.47f42.61±2.51bc26.06±2.71f31.07±2.85ef26.20±3.48a33.83±2.96de34.60±4.36de37.42±1.79cd27.78±5.14b
81236E-2-癸烯醛C10H18O56.93±3.8e97.1±3.99a70.31±7.02cd68.64±6.86d87.32±5.42ab75.7±6.22cd72.39±9.65cd77.09±1.01bcd81.2±7.27bc
914322-十二烯醛C12H22O64.33±4.19f188.07±10.2a100.4±9.95de94.27±8.5e161.52±7.61bc104.14±12.3de118.48±13.77d143.53±4.22cd168.51±19.8b
总计醛类411.78±18.5e835.51±37.47a536.13±23.84de801.63±30.53cd913.26±37.98a659.64±27.91d943.86±23.47bc975.83±1.55b909.24±46.78a
10480丙酮C3H6O28.09±2.28f113.47±7.23b44.06±4.81e63.5±6.6d145.12±7.25a42±4.56e58.42±6.45d82.79±0.72c138.56±13.33a
115602-丁酮C4H8O48.75±2.46f178.47±8.45a66.86±6.55e83.26±6.76d159.63±9.02b77.09±8.95de70.15±9.01de73.07±1.1de125.74±10.98cd
126783-羟基-2-丁酮C4H8O2ND85.44±3.25deND37.95±3.76f99.57±6.03c39.47±3.77f57.13±7.52e110.25±1.07e120.58±12.57a
138712-庚酮C7H14O13.11±0.9f128.51±7.24b52.43±6.05d96.78±11.38c139.65±8.29a17.54±1.7f34.25±4e58.28±1.62e63.41±5.71d
149182-甲基-3-庚酮C8H16O22.29±1.18e56.97±4.01b31.08±3.66d55.34±6.31b71.65±2.87a31.95±2.8d29.54±3.56d47.4±1.91d60.04±6b
1510702-壬酮C9H18O15.08±0.6f31.18±1.76bc21.03±1.75e28.14±2.35cd40.84±2.06a24.19±2.71de26.26±3.06d34.44±1.76d34.47±3.62b
总计酮类127.32±7.24f594.02±31.34b215.46±22.83e364.98±36.96cd656.47±34.76a232.24±24.47de275.76±33.54d406.22±4.65c542.81±52.15b
16706异戊醇C5H12O27.14±1.16f157.12±8.11b49.51±6.51e78.32±10.2d193.08±12a42.17±2.85e47.25±5.3e71.23±2.56d128.37±13.16c
17735正戊醇C5H12O16.63±1.16f67.18±4.92b31.67±3.2de47.93±6.07c65.74±2.92b27.36±2.95e28.13±3.95e38.56±1.1d81.7±8.89a
18747DL-2,3-丁二醇C4H10O2ND126.36±7.6bND36.45±3.65d121.2±5.69bNDND86.09±2.59c176.71±17.83a
19852正己醇C6H14OND52.91±2.5aNDND42.63±2.75bNDNDND13.06±1.27c
209221,4-丁二醇C4H10O212.47±0.46aNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND
219591-辛烯-3-醇C8H16OND119.37±4.85b65.99±6.31d92.26±12.2c141.39±7.54aND64.14±8.85d95.23±2.76c112.23±9.74b
2210202-乙基己醇C8H18OND154.93±8.89aNDND132.4±8.55bNDND73.56±2.06d90.89±9.56c
2310582,3,4-三甲基-1-戊醇C8H18OND39.39±1.87bNDND15±0.56cNDND36.59±1.15b48.28±4.78a
2411782-壬烯-1-醇C9H18O31.68±1.14g93.48±3.93a53.88±5.33cd64.1±5.05b89.71±6.22a42.73±4.4ef39.93±5.15f48.6±1.99de58.83±5.47bc
总计醇类87.93±3.79f810.74±40.88a201.05±21.32e319.07±37.08d801.14±43.85a112.25±10.2f179.45±23.23e449.86±14.14c710.06±70.64b
25577乙酸乙酯C4H8O227.17±0.98d72.01±4.1a45.15±5.16c46.12±5.55c76.88±2.91a40.74±2.97c45.05±6.1c62.09±2.52b79.22±7.7a
26749甘氨酸乙酯C4H9NO215.05±0.9d41.71±2.23a30.03±3.87b33.03±3.75b44.61±2.14a21.07±1.98c23.47±3.25c30.25±0.76b34.5±3.29b
2712732,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇二异丁酸酯C16H30O4ND38.61±2.02a14.87±2cND20.38±1.05b15.45±1.76c14.46±1.9c15.9±0.53c16.48±1.72c
281956草酸烯丙基乙酯C7H10O4ND25.45±1.48bND17.36±2.2c30.24±1.72aNDNDND28.75±2.87a
292548二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸甲酯C6H13NS28.32±0.68dND10.86±0.91d17.12±1.72c25.11±1.15b11.42±1.11d25.82±3.55b30.5±1.15a31.29±2.84a
总计酯类50.54±2.45e177.77±9.69a100.91±11.93cd113.63±13.24cd197.22±8.89a88.69±7.87d108.8±14.83cd138.73±5b190.23±18.42a
301020柠檬烯C10H16NDND41.98±5.13ab40.48±5.31b47.59±2.08aND39.06±4.95b44.51±2.11ab48.08±5.2a
311400十四烷C14H3036.23±2.61e71.08±3.71ab51.2±6.31d49.2±5.88d71.71±4.59a51.92±5.9d50.91±6.48d61.06±2.41c62.53±5.67bc
总计烃类36.22±2.58f71.08±3.71d93.17±11.46bc89.67±11.07cd119.3±6.38a51.93±5.91e89.97±11.39cd105.57±4.48ab110.6±10.91a
32642乙酸CH3COOH2.14±0.15f62.01±2.85a20.34±2.36d20.68±2.9d46.54±2.14bNDND14±0.64e36.37±3.21c
总计酸类2.14±0.15f62.01±2.82a20.34±2.36de20.68±2.88d46.54±2.14bNDND14±0.65e36.37±3.21c
33850乙苯C8H10ND5.75±0.35g76.28±9.1a45.74±5.25c15.51±0.61f26.83±1.86e35.89±3.9d48.29±2.08c63.65±7.15b
341049乙酰苯C8H8O24.29±1.36aNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND
总计芳香族类24.29±1.37e5.75±0.34f127.33±14.54a45.74±5.26cd15.51±0.61ef69.87±6.87b35.9±3.88d48.29±2.08c63.65±7.13b
355672-甲基环丙胺C3H7N10.63±0.59e35.29±1.11a17.2±1.85c17.41±1.5bc19.9±1.4b15.73±1.72cd14.28±2.1de16.2±0.7cd16.04±1.48cd
36625氮杂环丙烷C3H7N17.14±2.1f88.98±2.9a34.22±3.86e34.25±4.5e64.68±3.66b34.52±2.4e36.45±4.5de41.47±1.91d47.94±4.56c
37751丁酮肟C4H9NOND22.46±1.1bNDND26.53±1.59aNDND18.28±0.72c23.79±2.07b
38934二甲基二硫醚C2H6S2ND21.64±1.2aNDND7.73±0.26bNDNDNDND
391340四唑-5-胺CH3N5ND27.2±0.95a7.53±0.8d16.27±2.4c25.75±1.26aNDND14.65±0.74c19.5±1.69b
总计含氮含硫类27.77±2.63g195.57±7.25a58.95±6.56ef67.93±8.41e144.59±8.11b50.25±4.07fg50.73±6.57fg90.6±4.06d107.28±9.77c
), ArticleFig(id=1320889557969646320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889546988958339, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Characteristic aroma compounds identified by OAVs of beef steaks under different storage conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号挥发性化合物RI气味描述阈值(μg/kg)OAV
FHCL-D5CFP-D5CFP-D10CFP-D15CFPE-D5CFPE-D10CFPE-D15CFPE-D20
1己醛771青草味197.1924.2410.4615.0823.5110.1714.3519.9222.72
2庚醛882果香19.53.003.864.004.373.414.064.604.713.82
3苯甲醛927苦杏仁味2.01.703.852.703.482.982.042.612.623.48
4辛醛982花香味302.310.141.92NDND3.002.420.40ND
5苯乙醛1012风信子香6.3ND11.02ND3.77.65ND67.0115.14
7壬醛1081柑橘味1.123.1038.7323.6928.2423.8130.7531.4534.0125.25
8E-2-癸烯醛1236甜橙香173.355.714.144.045.144.454.264.534.78
142-甲基-3-庚酮918果香240.932.371.32.312.991.331.231.972.5
152-壬酮1070草本味410.370.760.510.6910.590.640.840.84
211-辛烯-3-醇959蘑菇香6ND19.891115.3823.57ND10.6915.8718.71
30柠檬烯1020柠檬香10NDND4.24.054.76ND3.914.454.81
39二甲基二硫醚934腐臭味0.45ND48.08NDND19.32NDNDNDND
), ArticleFig(id=1320889558053532401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889546988958339, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

通过 OAVs鉴定不同贮藏条件下调理牛排的特征香气化合物

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编号挥发性化合物RI气味描述阈值(μg/kg)OAV
FHCL-D5CFP-D5CFP-D10CFP-D15CFPE-D5CFPE-D10CFPE-D15CFPE-D20
1己醛771青草味197.1924.2410.4615.0823.5110.1714.3519.9222.72
2庚醛882果香19.53.003.864.004.373.414.064.604.713.82
3苯甲醛927苦杏仁味2.01.703.852.703.482.982.042.612.623.48
4辛醛982花香味302.310.141.92NDND3.002.420.40ND
5苯乙醛1012风信子香6.3ND11.02ND3.77.65ND67.0115.14
7壬醛1081柑橘味1.123.1038.7323.6928.2423.8130.7531.4534.0125.25
8E-2-癸烯醛1236甜橙香173.355.714.144.045.144.454.264.534.78
142-甲基-3-庚酮918果香240.932.371.32.312.991.331.231.972.5
152-壬酮1070草本味410.370.760.510.6910.590.640.840.84
211-辛烯-3-醇959蘑菇香6ND19.891115.3823.57ND10.6915.8718.71
30柠檬烯1020柠檬香10NDND4.24.054.76ND3.914.454.81
39二甲基二硫醚934腐臭味0.45ND48.08NDND19.32NDNDNDND
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空间电场联合冰温贮藏对调理牛排挥发性风味物质及微生物群落演替的影响
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王明珠 1, 2 , 谢勇 1 , 檀利军 1 , 李聪 1 , 廖鲜艳 2 , 黄俊逸 2 , 徐宝才 1, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(4): 172-183
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (4) : 172 -183
空间电场联合冰温贮藏对调理牛排挥发性风味物质及微生物群落演替的影响
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王明珠(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:肉品加工,E-mail:

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王明珠1, 2 , 谢勇1 , 檀利军1, 李聪1, 廖鲜艳2, 黄俊逸2, 徐宝才1, *
作者信息
  • 1合肥工业大学食品与生物工程学院,安徽合肥 230601
  • 2上海大学生命科学学院,上海 200444
通讯作者:
徐宝才(1973−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:肉品加工与质量控制,E-mail:。
作者简介:

王明珠(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:肉品加工,E-mail:

谢勇(1996−),男,博士,讲师,研究方向:肉品加工与质量控制,E-mail:

Effect of Space Voltage Electrostatic Field Combined with Controlled Freezing Point Storage on Volatile Flavor Substances and Microbial Community Composition of Beef Steak
Mingzhu WANG1, 2 , Yong XIE1 , Lijun TAN1, Cong LI1, Xianyan LIAO2, Junyi HUANG2, Baocai XU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
  • 2School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
出版时间: 2026-02-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040207
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为探究空间电场联合冰温贮藏对调理牛排挥发性风味物质及微生物群落演替的影响,本研究采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)与16S rRNA高通量测序技术,分别解析冷藏处理、冰温处理以及空间电场联合冰温贮藏过程中挥发性风味物质动态变化及菌群结构特征。基于气味活度值(OAV)计算与多元统计分析筛选特征风味物质,并利用Spearman相关性分析探讨其与微生物群落的关联性。结果表明,调理牛排低温贮藏过程中共检测到39种挥发性风味物质,其中己醛、苯甲醛、庚醛、辛醛、苯乙醛、E-2-癸烯醛、2-甲基-3-庚酮、2-壬酮、1-辛烯-3-醇、二甲基二硫醚、壬醛和柠檬烯为主要特征风味物质(OAV>1)。与单一冷藏组相比,空间电场协同冰温处理维持了醇、醛、酮和酯类物质的组成及相对含量的稳定,并抑制腐败相关风味物质的积累。此外,空间电场调控了微生物群落演替,延缓了嗜冷菌向优势腐败菌转变的速率。相关性分析表明,假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)在风味变化中起关键作用,并与辛醛、二甲基二硫醚、壬醛等腐败标志物的产生呈正相关。因此,空间电场能够在短期内抑制腐败菌群扩增,减缓风味劣变,进而延长调理牛排的货架期,为肌肉食品的保鲜提供一种极具潜力的新策略。

空间电场  /  冰温贮藏  /  调理牛排  /  特征风味  /  微生物群落  /  保鲜

This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined spatial electric field and subzero temperature storage on volatile flavor compounds and microbial community succession in marinated steak. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene were performed to analyze the dynamic changes in volatile flavor compounds and the characteristics of the microbial community structure during refrigerated storage, subzero storage, and combined spatial electric field and subzero storage. Volatile flavor compounds with significant characteristics were identified based on odor activity value (OAV) calculations and multivariate statistical analysis, and their associations with the microbial communities were explored using Spearman correlation analysis. The results showed that a total of 39 volatile flavor compounds were detected during the low-temperature storage of marinated steak. Among these, hexanal, benzaldehyde, heptanal, octanal, phenylacetaldehyde, E-2-decenal, 2-methyl-3-heptanone, 2-nonanone, 1-octen-3-ol, dimethyl disulfide, nonanal, and limonene were identified as the main characteristic flavor compounds (OAV>1). Compared with the single refrigeration group, the synergy of space electric field treatment maintained the stability of the composition and relative content of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and esters and inhibited the accumulation of spoilage-related flavor compounds. In addition, the space electric field regulated the succession of microbial communities, slowing the rate of transition from psychrophilic bacteria to dominant spoilage bacteria. Correlation analysis indicated that the genera Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter played a key role in flavor changes and would be positively correlated with the production of spoilage markers, such as octanal, dimethyl disulfide, and nonanal. Therefore, space electric fields can inhibit the proliferation of spoilage bacteria in the short term, slow flavor deterioration, and extend the shelf life of prepared beef steaks, providing a highly promising new strategy for the preservation of meat products.

space voltage electrostatic field (SVEF)  /  controlled freezing point storage  /  prepared steak  /  characteristic flavor  /  microbial community  /  preservation
王明珠, 谢勇, 檀利军, 李聪, 廖鲜艳, 黄俊逸, 徐宝才. 空间电场联合冰温贮藏对调理牛排挥发性风味物质及微生物群落演替的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (4) : 172 -183 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040207
Mingzhu WANG, Yong XIE, Lijun TAN, Cong LI, Xianyan LIAO, Junyi HUANG, Baocai XU. Effect of Space Voltage Electrostatic Field Combined with Controlled Freezing Point Storage on Volatile Flavor Substances and Microbial Community Composition of Beef Steak[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (4) : 172 -183 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040207
随着食品工业的不断发展,调理牛排因其加工便捷、营养均衡和较高的感官品质受到了越来越多消费者的青睐[1],主要通过4 ℃冷藏的方式进行贮运和销售。然而,传统的冷藏技术受限于冷链物流体系的不完善,虽然可以在一定程度上抑制微生物的生长,但产品的货架期仍然较短。相比之下,冰温贮藏作为新兴的保鲜方式,其温度范围介于食品冰点和0 ℃之间,能够有效地维持肌肉食品的品质[2]。值得注意的是,冰温贮藏的温度范围较窄,不仅对环境温度的稳定性提出了严格的要求,同时贮藏期间的微生物增殖、蛋白质和脂质的氧化仍会造成品质的劣变,不适合在当前的食品工业中进行大规模应用[3]。因此通过联合其他技术提高冰温贮藏的有效性引起了广泛的关注[2,4]。
近年来,电场技术已被证明是保持食品品质的有效方法,具有易于实施、适用性强和成本低廉等优势[5−6]。Sepulveda等[7]发现脉冲电场联合温和热处理可以有效抑制贮藏期间微生物的生长,将牛奶的保质期延长了14 d,并且奶香气味、甜味等关键风味指标在贮藏期内无显著变化。此外,对于果蔬食品,电场技术协同气调包装可以缓解贮藏期间柿子果肉褐变和软化现象,色泽与质地保持率分别提升20%和15%,并延长贮藏期至少10 d[8];同时,Xiong等[9]发现在新鲜蔬菜的冷藏期间施加交流电场,通过抑制微生物的生长繁殖,特别是大肠杆菌、霉菌和金黄色葡萄球菌等,可以将鲜切大白菜和菠菜的变质速度延缓约30%和25%,有效维持色泽、香气等感官品质。之前的研究表明空间电场联合冰温技术可以延长牛排产品的货架期[10]。值得注意的是,微生物群落的动态变化与肉品的新鲜度是紧密关联的,阐明肉制品在贮藏过程中优势腐败菌的群落演替有利于精准采取保鲜策略。
挥发性风味物质是肌肉食品感官品质的核心决定因素,而微生物群落的演替则直接影响腐败进程及食品安全风险。研究表明,调理牛排贮藏过程中易发生脂质氧化、美拉德反应及微生物代谢,导致特征性肉香物质(如醛类、酮类)的降解和不良风味化合物(如胺类、硫化物)的积累[11]。与此同时,假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)与不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)等特定腐败菌不仅在贮藏过程中占据优势地位,且其代谢活动与风味物质的形成密切相关,同时可能伴随生物胺等危害因子的积累,加速产品腐败进程[12]。目前静电场技术已成为一种极具潜力的食品保鲜策略。然而,其改善食品品质和延长保质期的分子机制尚不明晰,针对冰温环境下静电场对调理牛排的风味特性及微生物群落演替的影响缺乏系统性研究。
本研究创新地构建了空间电场联合冰温贮藏的保鲜体系,以系统解析其对调理牛排挥发性风味物质及微生物群落结构的影响。通过气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术分析风味物质的变化特征,并结合气味活度值(OAV)计算及多元统计分析筛选关键风味化合物。同时,基于高通量测序技术解析贮藏期间微生物群落的动态演替特征,并利用Spearman相关性分析探究关键腐败菌群与异味标志物的代谢关联,进一步阐明空间电场对微生物-风味互作网络的调控机制。研究成果从微生物调控的视角为肌肉食品的抑菌保鲜与风味保持提供了一种新的策略。
牛背最长肌 购于合肥大润发精选超市,全程装在冰盒中运回实验室并置于4 ℃冰箱中;食用盐 安徽润华盐业有限公司;蔗糖(食品级) 成都太古糖业有限公司;碳酸氢钠(食品级) 安琪酵母股份有限公司;盐酸、盐酸胍(AR,99.0%) 上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;2,4,6-三甲基吡啶(2,4,6-Trimethylpyridine,≥99.0%)、正己烷(色谱级, ≥98.0%)、无水乙醇、氢氧化钾(AR,85.0%)、无水硫酸钠(AR,99.0%) 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;75510-019琼脂糖凝胶试剂Agarose、AM9870琼脂糖凝胶电泳缓冲液TAE、P7589荧光定量染料Quant-iT Invitrogen公司;M0491L扩增聚合酶Q5® High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase New England Biolabs。
YP6001N电子天平 上海精密科学仪器有限公司;ESK真空滚揉机 德国Kakona Gmbh公司;IKA-Ultra-Turrax T25匀浆机 德国Braun公司;HEM酶标仪 美国伯乐公司;T10高速均质机 德国IKA公司;7890B气相色谱仪 美国WATERS公司;NC2000紫外定量设备 Thermo Scientific公司;CT14RD高速离心机 上海天美生化仪器设备工程有限公司;萃取头和配套固相微萃取手动进样手柄(75 μm/CAR/PDMS) 德国Supelco公司;XMTX2112数显恒温水浴锅 常州国宇仪器制造有限公司;8890-5977B安捷伦气质联用 美国Agilent公司;BG-gdsAUTO(130)凝胶成像系统 北京百晶公司;Tissuelyser-48研磨仪 上海净信实业发展有限公司;2720PCR扩增仪 ABI公司;DYY-6C电泳仪 北京六一公司;DENBA+鲜度保持电场装置 日本AGUA商业株式会社。
将研究所用牛肉(中华杂交夏南牛,雄性,24~36个月龄,屠宰后7 d)用冰盒运回实验室后置于4 ℃冰箱中。在去除可见的结缔组织和外部脂肪后,将牛肉垂直于纤维方向切割成40 mm×30 mm×10 mm的牛排(每块重50±0.5 g),共51块。牛排在腌制液中通过滚揉腌制2 h(真空度为 0.05 MPa,转速为15 r/min)。腌制液的成分包括2%氯化钠(NaCl)、0.4%白糖(蔗糖)、0.6%碳酸氢钠和20%冰水[13]。腌制后的样品用聚乙烯袋在常压下封口包装(所有操作均在4 ℃密闭操作间内进行)。将每块牛排标记编号,随后置于4 ℃冰箱中直到后续的贮藏实验。所有牛排随机分配为三组,分别用于4 ℃冷藏(CL)、−1 ℃冰温(CFP)和空间电场联合冰温处理(CFPE),各组牛排数量分别为12块、18块和24块。本课题组之前研究发现随着贮藏时间的继续增加,CL组样品和CFP组分别在贮藏5 d和15 d后发生严重腐败变质而不可食用,因此在后续的研究中不考虑CL组(>5 d)和CFP组(>15 d)的相关指标。CL组于0、5 d取样,CFP组于0、5、15 d取样,CFPE组于0、5、15、20 d取样并进行分析。CL-D5、CFP-D5、CFP-D15、CFPE-D5、CFPE-D15和CFPE-D20分别代表冷藏处理5 d的样品,冰温处理5、15 d的样品,空间电场联合冰温处理5、15、20 d的样品。
空间电场设施由配备电压控制器的电源(最大输出电压为2500 V,最大电流为0.2 mA)和电极板(43 cm×23 cm)组成。将调理牛排样品放置到固定在腔室上的铜板(30 cm×20 cm)上,铜板与放电板平行,在−1 ℃的恒温冰箱中进行贮藏实验。CFPE组施加电压为2500 V,放电间隙设定为30 cm,CFP和CL组仅设置环境温度,不开启电场设备。用于电场系统实现的实验装置如图1所示。
参考Li等[14]描述的方法,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)进行挥发性物质检测。样品预处理过程中,准确量取3.00 g经切割处理的牛排样本置于顶空瓶内,加入10 μL稀释10000倍的2,4,6-三甲基吡啶(内标),在完成萃取针活化程序后将装置在60 ℃下水浴加热45 min,然后进行富集和萃取。萃取结束后,进样并在250 ℃下解吸附10 min。
色谱参数设置:采用HP-5MS UI色谱柱(30 m×250 μm×250 μm),设置分流比为5:1。温度梯度程序:初始柱箱在40 ℃下维持3 min,然后以5 ℃/min的速度升温至230 ℃并维持6 min,总分析时间为47 min。质谱参数设置:电子轰击离子源(EI)温度为230 ℃,四级杆温度为150 ℃,溶剂延迟1 min,质量扫描范围35~400 m/z。通过NIST20.L谱库进行物质鉴定,选取匹配度≥80%的化合物按以下公式进行定量分析:
$ \text{物质浓度}(\text{μg}/\mathrm{kg})=\frac{\text{Area}_{\text{样品}}}{\text{Area}_{\text{内标}}}\times\mathrm{C}_{\text{内标}} $
式中:Area样品表示样品的峰面积;Area内标表示内标物质在气质图谱中对应的峰面积;C内标表示样品中添加内标物2,4,6-三甲基吡啶的浓度(μg/kg)。
将样本从低温保存环境中取出后立即称取0.3 g,加入裂解缓冲液后采用60 Hz频率进行机械破碎。基因组DNA提取产物经0.8%琼脂糖凝胶电泳评估完整性,并进行核酸浓度测定。
采用V3~V4区特异性引物338F(5'-barcode+ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCA-3')与806R(5'-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3')进行PCR扩增。其中前引物含7~10 bp特异性barcode序列用于样本区分。反应体系选用NEB Q5高保真DNA聚合酶(具体组分见表1),扩增程序包括:98 ℃预变性5 min;25个循环(98 ℃ 30 s,52 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃ 45 s);终延伸72 ℃ 5 min。扩增产物经2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离后,采用Axygen凝胶回收试剂盒纯化目的片段。
在使用Quant-iT PicoGreen法完成DNA浓度测定后,根据测定结果按比例混合样本。随后,依据TruSeq Nano DNA LT建库试剂盒并按照以下步骤进行实验操作:
首先进行末端修复,30 ng DNA与End Repair Mix2于30 ℃反应30 min,经磁珠纯化后获得17.5 μL洗脱产物,加入A-Tailing Mix后执行37 ℃ 30 min→70 ℃ 5 min温控程序,添加Ligation Mix及特异性接头于30 ℃孵育10 min,经终止反应后磁珠纯化,PCR富集后再次进行磁珠纯化,最后通过2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳回收目标条带进行片段筛选。
最终文库经Agilent 2100生物分析仪检测确认呈现单一峰型,使用Quant-iT PicoGreen法测定浓度≥2 nmol/L后,于Illumina NovaSeq(PE250)或MiSeq(PE300)平台进行双端测序。上机前采用0.1 mol/L NaOH对文库进行变性处理,控制终浓度在15~18 pmol/L范围内。
本实验采用Excel 2019软件处理数据,指标测定均为六次平行测定结果,表示为平均值±标准差,利用SPSS 25.0软件进行Duncan法多重比较及显著性分析(P<0.05表示差异显著)。通过Graphpad Prism 8.4.3和Origin 2022软件作图。
采用HS-SPME-GC-MS法对调理牛排挥发性化合物进行分析,得到不同低温贮藏条件下调理牛排中挥发性化合物的含量。由表2可以看出,共鉴定出相似度超过80%的物质39种,被分为8类,包括:9种醛、6种酮、9种醇、5种酯、2种烃、1种酸、2种芳香族化合物和5种含氮含硫化合物。
如表2所示,FH组有24种挥发物质,CL-D5的调理牛排中鉴定出35种挥发性化合物,CFP-D5、CFP-D10、CFP-D15的调理牛排中分别鉴定出27、30、36种挥发性化合物,CFPE-D5、CFPE-D10、CFPE-D15和CFPE-D20的调理牛排中分别鉴定出23、27、34、35种挥发性化合物。由此可见,牛排贮藏过程中,挥发性风味物质含量呈上升的趋势。与新鲜调理牛排相比,CL组的调理牛排挥发性化合物种类增加最为明显,主要归因于冷藏下调理牛排的特征风味物质(醛类、酮类、醇类和含氮含硫类等)的形成。
通过图2可以看出不同低温贮藏下调理牛排挥发性化合物的变化。第0 d时,牛排中相对含量占据前三的挥发性物质依次是醛类53.80%、酮类16.51%、醇类11.40%,相对含量最低的三类挥发性物质为含氮含硫类3.60%、芳香族类3.15%、酸类0.28%。第5 d时,CL组的调理牛排中相对含量占据前三的挥发性物质变为醛类30.36%、醇类29.45%、酮类21.58%,相对含量最低的三类挥发性物质变为烃类2.58%、酸类2.25%、芳香族类0.21%。而在此期间,CFP组与CFPE组调理牛排中相对含量较高和较低的三类挥发性物质始终与第0 d一致。这表明冰温处理可以稳定调理牛排样品中挥发性风味物质的构成。
醛类化合物具有较低的阈值,是构成食物风味香气的关键成分[13]。在CL组中比例持续升高,而CFP和CFPE组呈现“先增后减”的钟形变化曲线,于第10 d达到峰值,表明贮藏前10 d醛类生成速率显著超过分解速率。这种动态差异与脂质氧化密切相关[15],推测电场有效抑制了CFP组的脂质氧化进程,这可能归因于在空间电场的作用下,贮藏期间肌肉内部一些氧化酶和促氧化物质(如血红素铁)的释放受到干预[16]。酮类物质在各组中均呈现持续递增趋势,其生成机制具有多源性,可能源自脂质氧化降解、醇类氧化及酯类分解等协同作用[17]。值得注意的是,相较CL组,CFP和CFPE组挥发性风味物质比例更趋稳定,且含氮含硫化物始终保持较低水平,这表明冰温贮藏与电场协同作用能有效延缓挥发性物质的劣变进程,对维持牛肉贮藏期间风味品质稳定具有积极作用。
贮藏期间牛肉挥发性成分呈现显著动态变化,其中OAV>1的化合物被公认为食品风味的核心贡献者[18]。本研究共鉴定出12种OAV>1的关键挥发性物质。如表3所示,醛类(己醛、庚醛、壬醛、苯甲醛)、酮类(2-甲基-3-庚酮、2-壬酮)及醇类(1-辛烯-3-醇)凭借其高气味活性值,在调理牛排风味网络中占据主导地位。值得注意的是,贮藏至第5 d时,CFP组样品较CL组减少2种OAV>1的挥发性成分,分别为二甲基二硫醚(腐臭味)、苯乙醛(苦杏仁味),但多出了柠檬烯(柠檬香);CFPE-D5组在贮藏第5 d时共检测出8种OAV>1的挥发性物质,分别为6种醛类、2种酮类,和FH组调理牛排中OAV>1的挥发性物质种类一致。贮藏期间牛肉样品中挥发性成分呈现显著动态变化。具体而言,CL组以腐臭特征性化合物二甲基二硫醚为主导,而CFP和CFPE组则凸显柑橘香型壬醛的高气味活性值。以上结果表明,与冷藏相比,冰温贮藏样品的挥发性风味物质具有更好的气味特征,特别是空间电场联合冰温贮藏能够有效保持牛肉的良好挥发性风味。
所选择的挥发性化合物是所有样品中OAV>1的物质阈值无特殊标记则代表参考:COMPILATIONS OF ODOUR THRESHOLD VALUES IN AIR, WATER AND OTHER MEDIA。
利用OPLS-DA分析建立不同低温贮藏条件下调理牛排样品与特征挥发性化合物之间的关系模型,结果如图3所示。OPLS-DA得分图中R2X(cum)=0.997,R2Y(cum)=0.99、Q2=0.974,均趋近于1且大于建议值0.5。Q2的截距值为-0.897,低于建议的阈值0.05。此外,随着置换保留度的降低,随机模型中回归线呈上升趋势,这表明所建立的OPLS-DA模型具有良好的稳健性,且不存在过度拟合的问题[19]。同时,所有样本均位于95%置信椭圆区间内。因此,该OPLS-DA模型不仅对数据的拟合效果稳定,还具备较强的预测能力。
由图3(A)可以看出,样品间具有明显的分区,主要为Ⅰ区(FH、CFPE-D5)、Ⅱ区(CFP-D5、CFP-D10和CFPE-D10)和III区(CFPE-D15和CFPE-D20)和IV区(CL-D5和CFP-D15)。结合图3(B)热图的结果表明在不同低温贮藏条件下调理牛排特征挥发性化合物差异显著。在OPLS-DA模型中,通过变量重要性投影(VIP)分析筛选差异化的化合物。对于特征挥发性化合物而言,VIP值越高,表明其在模型中的重要性越强,且差异性越显著[20]。如图3(D)所示,6种特征香气化合物的VIP值超过1.0,分别是己醛(1)、苯甲醛(3)、庚醛(2)、二甲基二硫醚(39)、壬醛(7)和柠檬烯(30),表明这6种特征香气化合物可能对不同低温贮藏条件下调理牛排样品鉴别起重要作用。
稀释曲线的构建能够直观反映测序数据量与观测物种丰富度之间的函数关系[21]。由图4可知,各组样本在测序初期OTU数量增长迅速,当测序序列数超过20000时,曲线逐渐趋于平坦表明此时增加测序数据仅能产生少量新的OTU。这说明测序数据已足够反映样本中物种的总体分布,测序深度合理。
Alpha多样性(Alpha diversity)通过评估单一样本内微生物群落的物种丰富度(Richness)和均匀度(Evenness),反映群落组成的稳定性和生态功能潜力。本研究利用高通量测序技术,系统比较了CL、CFP及CFPE对调理牛排贮藏过程中微生物Alpha多样性的影响。如图5所示,所有样本的覆盖度均良好,表明测序结果能够准确反映样本中微生物的实际组成。CL处理显著降低了微生物的物种丰富度和多样性(P<0.05),随着贮藏时间的延长,四个指数均下降,这表明某些菌群逐渐占据主导地位,抑制了其他微生物的生长,导致物种组成趋向于单一化。这可能是由于冷藏虽抑制部分微生物活性,但选择性促进耐冷菌(如Pseudomonas)的竞争优势,导致群落结构失衡,其他菌群丰度被压制[22]。CFP组的Alpha多样性指数介于CL和CFPE之间,且在第0 d时CFP-D5的多样性略高于CL-D5组,但随着贮藏时间延长,CFP-D15的多样性指数逐渐降低,但仍高于CL-D5组,表明CFP处理在一定程度上延缓了微生物多样性的下降速度,可部分维持群落异质性,但无法完全阻止优势菌的竞争性生长[23]。贮藏 15 d后,CFPE组的Chao1 和Shannon指数显著高于CL-D5和CFP-D15组(P<0.05),表明CFPE处理能够有效维持较高的微生物多样性,减少优势菌群的竞争性生长,对调理牛排的品质具有积极作用。这些结果表明,CFPE处理在维持微生物群落多样性方面具有优势,而CFP处理也能在一定程度上减缓微生物多样性的下降。
Beta多样性(Beta diversity)是用于衡量不同生态系统或群落间物种组成的差异程度,是量化物种在空间或环境梯度上更替速率的重要生态学指标。本研究通过NMDS分析结合Bray-Curtis距离矩阵对其进行了评估见图6。NMDS分析结果表明,三种低温贮藏方式以及不同贮藏阶段的细菌群落存在显著差异(P<0.05)。NMDS分析中0.073(<0.2)的应力值证实了结果的可靠性和效度。FH组与CFPED5组样品在NMDS二维空间中呈现相对邻近分布,而贮藏末期样品(CL-D5、CFP-D15、CFPE-D20)显著偏离初始菌群结构。值得注意的是,三种不同低温贮藏条件的末期样品表现出高度趋同性(空间重叠度>85%),表明长期贮藏可能通过共性环境压力(如脂质氧化、水分活度变化)筛选出相似的腐败菌群优势类群,本研究观察到的微生物演替规律与Freitas等[24]关于真空包装牛肉贮藏中微生物群落动态变化的研究结果一致。研究发现,在不同贮藏温度条件下,牛肉微生物群落结构呈现显著的温度依赖性变化,研究结果证实CFPE处理在短期内(≤5 d)可有效维持原始菌群平衡,而贮藏时间延长将导致不同贮藏条件下组间微生物特征类似,这为优化肉类保鲜工艺提供了理论依据。
在对调理牛排微生物物种分布的研究中,采用堆叠图展示了不同低温贮藏条件下的微生物物种分布情况,并选取相对丰度前10位的微生物细菌门,将其他数量较少的物种归为“Others”。通过对细菌进行门级别的分类分析(如图7所示),在新鲜样品的十种细菌中,丰度最高的四个门依次为厚壁菌门Firmicutes(50.90%)、变形菌门Proteobacteria(40.22%)、放线菌门Actinobacteria(5.17%)以及拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes(3.39%)。这一结果与Bassey等[25]检测到的冰鲜猪里脊的菌相结构基本一致。且这4种菌门相对丰度在所检样品中达到了97%以上,表明调理牛排在门水平上的菌相结构较为稳定。
贮藏过程中菌相结构呈现动态变化:随着贮藏时间的延长,调理牛排中的微生物丰富度逐渐下降。Firmicutes作为初始优势菌群(50.90%),其相对丰度随贮藏时间延长呈现递减趋势。具体而言,CL-D5相对丰度降至38.55%,而CFP-D15和CFPE-D20分别保留42.74%和44.92%。Proteobacteria相对丰度从初始40.22%提升至54.56%~60.90%。大量研究表明,这两个菌门的动态平衡与肉类腐败进程密切相关,已被确定为肴肉和鲜牛肉门水平上与腐败相关的两个主要分类群[26−27]。Kaur等[28]在−0.5 ℃真空包装牛肉中同样观察到这两个菌门的主导地位。
通过对细菌进行属级别的分类分析(如图8所示),在新鲜样品的十种细菌中,丰度最高的四个属依次为嗜冷菌属Psychrobacter(25.22%)、索丝菌属Brochothrix(12.63%)、假单胞菌属Pseudomonas(8.28%)以及大球菌属Macrococcus(5.72%)。Chaillou等[29]以及Koo等[30]观察到了相似的微生物情况,他们指出这些细菌主要源自肉类加工环境,如土壤或水。
贮藏过程中菌相结构呈现动态变化:随着贮藏时间的延长,调理牛排中的微生物丰富度逐渐下降。各处理组经过贮藏后,调理牛排中都能发现Pseudomonas和Brochothrix。在贮藏后期,优势菌属较贮藏初期有较大差别,Psychrobacter和Macrococcus逐渐被不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)和肉杆菌属(Carnobacterium)所取代,这些优势菌属在调理牛排样本中的占比超过群落总数的85%。有报告发现,Pseudomonas和Acinetobacter是肉中最常见的腐败菌属[29]。其中,CL-D5组Pseudomonas、Acinetobacter、Brochothrix和Carnobacterium分别剧烈增长至78.28%、12.87%、4.21%和2.37%,成为优势菌。相较于CL组,CFP组中的Pseudomonas相对丰度较低,只占群落总数的73.28%。CFPE组中Pseudomonas、Acinetobacter、Brochothrix和Carnobacterium的相对丰度都比CL组和CFP组低,比例分别为72.28%、10.87%、3.91%和1.43%。
以上结果表明,在冰温贮藏的后期,Pseudomonas是调理牛排产品的优势腐败菌,这与Ercolini等[31]研究结果一致。这是因为Pseudomonas为嗜冷需氧菌,代谢能力强,并且Pseudomonas还能通过分泌嗜铁素进而抑制其它微生物群落的增殖,因而逐渐生长为优势菌种[32]。而CFP组中其相对丰度较低,这可能是因为冰温贮藏温度低于Pseudomonas代谢活跃区间。研究表明,当温度降低后,假单胞菌的胞内酶活性(如蛋白酶、脂肪酶)也降低,导致其分解蛋白质和脂肪的能力受限,从而抑制其增殖[33]。与其他两组相比,CFPE处理延迟了贮藏结束时假单胞菌相对丰度的增加。一种可能的解释是电场可以通过电穿孔在细胞膜上产生孔隙来破坏有害微生物并防止腐败[34],这个过程诱导原生质体裂解和细胞内内容物的释放,最终导致微生物细胞死亡。
Acinetobacter已被证实为肉制品的典型腐败微生物,其腐败活性在冷藏或辐照处理条件下仍可维持[35]。Saha等[36]系统比较了新鲜肉、腐败肉及不同温度贮藏(冷冻与冷藏)肉品中Acinetobacter的种群动态,研究发现:该菌群仅在冷藏肉中占据主导地位(相对丰度38.3%),而在新鲜肉(31.6%)、腐败肉(18.5%)及冷冻肉(10.4%)中均表现为第二优势菌群,其相对丰度均低于Pseudomonas。此外,课题组观察到电场处理可以降低Acinetobacter、Brochothrix和Carnobacterium的相对丰度。Cai等[37]报道,电场处理的鱼片可以有效抑制肌肉中Psychrobacter、Pseudomonas和Lactobacillus的增加。
在微生物群落研究中,OTU(操作分类单元)韦恩图是展示不同样本或处理组间微生物群落组成异同的有效工具。它以集合图形呈现各样本中OTU的共有和特有情况,重叠区域代表共有OTU,非重叠区域为特有OTU,图9中不同颜色代表不同贮藏条件。如图9所示,7组样品共有的OTU数为44个。这44个共有OTU,代表着在不同处理条件下依然稳定存在于微生物群落中的核心组成部分。这些核心OTU不受处理条件和时间变化的影响,在微生物群落的基础代谢、生态功能维持等方面发挥着关键作用[38]。FH组检测出749个OTU,代表初始微生物群落丰富度。CL-D5仅258个OTU,表明常规冷藏使微生物群落丰富度大幅下降,CFP-D5组496个、CFP-D15组293个,表明冰温环境在一定时间内对微生物群落有维持作用,但随时间延长丰富度明显降低。CFPE-D5组633个OTU、CFPE-D15组508个、CFPE-D20组327个,与CL和CFP组相比,相同时间内CFPE组OTU数量更多。有研究表明,电场处理不仅能减缓微生物群落丰富度的降低速度,还能强化微生物群落结构[39]。因此,电场处理在维持微生物群落丰富度方面具有积极作用,能在较长时间内更好地保持微生物群落丰富度。
为了更直观地呈现不同低温贮藏条件下调理牛排的微生物群落变化,分析了属水平上的物种丰度聚类热图。如图10所示,在调理牛排中发现的微生物群落数量随着贮藏时间的延长而减少。与2.5.2的结果类似,在贮藏末期,不同贮藏方式下调理牛排的优势菌属都为Pseudomonas和Acinetobacter。然而,不同样品中对应菌属的含量存在差异,且微生物群落的扰动是导致关键理化性质和风味物质发生变化的重要因素。
将筛选的优势菌属和关键挥发性风味化合物进行相关性分析(图11)。根据微生物与风味物质之间的相关性,将微生物分为2类。第1类包括假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、沙雷氏菌属(Serratia)和魏斯氏菌属(Weissella)5个微生物,其与6种醛类(己醛、庚醛、苯甲醛、苯乙醛、壬醛、E-2-癸烯醛);两种酮类(2-甲基-3-庚酮、2-壬酮);1种醇类(1-辛烯-3-醇);一种烷烃(柠檬烯)和一种含氮含硫类化合物(二甲基二硫醚)呈显著正相关,而与辛醛呈现显著负相关(P<0.05)。荧光假单胞菌(P. fluorescens)在冷藏牛肉中通过β-氧化途径降解不饱和脂肪酸,导致己醛、壬醛等醛类物质积累,与腐败特征气味直接相关[40],本研究结果与之类似。不动杆菌属在肉类贮藏初期常为优势菌,其代谢多样性可能影响风味物质生成。类似地,在真空包装牛肉贮藏中,该菌属丰度与醛类(如苯甲醛)呈正相关,推测与其氨基酸脱氨代谢有关[22]。乳杆菌属通过产酸抑制腐败菌的同时,其代谢活动可能间接影响风味。周冰倩等[41]在发酵鱼制品中发现,植物乳杆菌(L. plantarum)通过酯酶催化将醛类转化为酯类,导致贮藏后期醛类含量下降,而1-辛烯-3-醇等醇类物质增加。沙雷氏菌属在肉类腐败末期通过脱羧酶和硫代谢途径参与异味物质合成。例如,在臭鳜鱼发酵中,沙雷氏菌属与三甲胺(含氮化合物)的生成显著相关,其机制可能涉及色氨酸代谢和硫化物还原酶活性[42]。本研究中发现二甲基二硫醚(含硫化合物)与该菌属的正相关性,可能源于其对含硫氨基酸(如蛋氨酸)的分解作用。
第2类包含15个微生物,分别为:节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)、苍白杆菌属(Ochrobactrum)、栖热菌属(Thermus)、金黄杆菌属(Chryseobacterium)、索丝菌属(Brochothrix)、嗜冷杆菌属(Psychrobacter)、微球菌属(Micrococcus)、哈夫尼菌属(Hafnia)、寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、发光杆菌属(Photobacterium)、考克氏菌属(Kocuria)、肠球菌属(Enterococcus)、大球菌属(Macrococcus)、肉杆菌属(Carnobacterium),其与辛醛呈现显著正相关(P<0.05),与上述11种关键挥发性风味化合物呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。
本研究系统探究了空间电场联合冰温贮藏技术对调理牛排挥发性风味物质及微生物群落的调控机制。发现CL组因较高的脂质氧化与蛋白质降解水平,其醛类(如己醛)、醇类(如1-辛烯-3-醇)及含氮含硫化合物(如二甲基二硫醚)的相对含量较CFP组和CFPE组显著升高(P<0.05),而CNP组通过电场协同作用使各类风味物质占比波动幅度最小,且具有腐臭味的含氮含硫化合物始终维持在低水平(<120 μg/kg)。微生物分析显示,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)与厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)为共同优势菌门,其中CFPE组通过抑制Proteobacteria(较CL组降低21.52%)及优势腐败菌假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)与不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)(丰度分别降低55.75%和8.63%)。综合表明,电场联合冰温技术通过双重调控生化反应与微生物代谢,在维持风味稳态的同时显著提升产品安全性。但是电场联合冰温技术抑制样品的优势腐败菌的分子机制尚未得到阐明,后续工作应围绕此方面开展。

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2026年第47卷第4期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040207
  • 接收时间:2025-04-17
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-17
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    1合肥工业大学食品与生物工程学院,安徽合肥 230601
    2上海大学生命科学学院,上海 200444

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徐宝才(1973−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:肉品加工与质量控制,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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