Article(id=1320889529070899499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320889172802515656, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120127, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733932800000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854204671, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1768406400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854204671, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854204671, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854204671, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320889172802515656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='514', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768406400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854119730, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854119730, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=398, endPage=407, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889529263837484, articleId=1320889529070899499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Hypoglycemic Effects and Mechanism of Metabolites of Irpex lacteus on Type 2 Diabetic Mice, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic effects and underlying mechanisms of metabolites of Irpex lacteus (MIL) on type 2 diabetic mice. T2DM mice model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ), and the mice were divided into normal group, model group, metformin group, and MIL high, medium, and low dose groups. After 5 weeks of administration, fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), liver glycogen, serum creatinine (SCR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), insulin (INS), and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) levels were measured, and pathological observations of the kidneys were conducted. Network pharmacology was used to predict pathways and targets. RT-qPCR and Western blot were employed to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of related genes of T2DM mice. The results indicated that MIL could significantly reduce the levels of FBG, BUN, SCR, INS, and OGTT-AUC in T2DM mice (P<0.01), and significantly increase the levels of GLUT4 and liver glycogen (P<0.01). Renal pathological observations showed that MIL could improve the inflammatory state of cells in renal tissue and effectively alleviate nephritis symptoms caused by hyperglycemia. Additionally, MIL significantly upregulated the mRNA expression levels of protein kinase B (AKT), GLUT4, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), while downregulating INS expression (P<0.05), significantly increased the protein expression levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT (P<0.05). These findings suggest that MIL may regulate blood glucose disorders by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

, authors=Jing YAN1, Jin QI2, Mingguo JIANG2, Jincheng WU1, Zhenxin ZHU2, Xianke LI2, Rui ZHOU2, Jiahui WANG1, Lifang YANG1, 3, *, authorsList=Jing YAN, Jin QI, Mingguo JIANG, Jincheng WU, Zhenxin ZHU, Xianke LI, Rui ZHOU, Jiahui WANG, Lifang YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lifang YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889530790564155, articleId=1320889529070899499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=白耙齿菌提取物对2型糖尿病小鼠的降糖作用及机制, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文旨在研究白耙齿菌提取物(Metabolites of Irpex lacteus,MIL)对2型糖尿病(Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,T2DM)小鼠的降糖作用及其作用机制。通过腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导T2DM小鼠模型,将小鼠分为正常组、模型组、二甲双胍组及MIL高、中、低剂量组,给药5周后检测空腹血糖(FBG)、口服糖耐量(OGTT)、肝糖原(Liver Glycogen)、肌酐(SCR)、尿氮素(BUN)、胰岛素(INS)及葡萄糖转运蛋白4(GLUT4)的含量,并对肾脏进行病理学观察;通过网络药理学预测通路及靶点,采用RT-qPCR、Western blot 技术对T2DM小鼠相关基因的mRNA和蛋白表达量进行检测。结果表明,MIL能极显著降低T2DM小鼠FBG、BUN、SCR、INS及OGTT-AUC水平(P<0.01),极显著升高GLUT4及Liver Glycogen水平(P<0.01);肾脏病理学观察显示MIL可以改善肾脏组织中细胞的炎症状态,有效缓解高血糖引起的肾炎病症;MIL还可以显著上调蛋白激酶B(AKT)、GLUT4、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)并下调INS的mRNA表达量(P<0.05),显著上调p-PI3K和p-AKT的蛋白表达量(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,MIL可能通过调节PI3K/AKT信号通路来调节血糖紊乱。

, authors=严静1, 齐晋2, 姜明国2, 吴金城1, 朱震鑫2, 李先可2, 周芮2, 王嘉辉1, 杨立芳1, 3, *, authorsList=严静, 齐晋, 姜明国, 吴金城, 朱震鑫, 李先可, 周芮, 王嘉辉, 杨立芳, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杨立芳, authorNote=

严静(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:制药与精细化工,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
杨立芳(1969−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:药物资源、药食同源植物和微生物次生代谢产物生物活性及有效成分,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=6l+YFbRkdMMZrXM0UpMtPA==, magXml=j8tk4tJMD9TIGS9eznGtlA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=tL+t/PT1CJKnrjLm6lRfBQ==, pdfFileSize=28273157, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=mP533ZHc+gWDXZgYejuIaA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=H/Ht+VQjE9cB3x5KcALVvQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320889531209994566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889529070899499, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2503511941@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320889532879327560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889529070899499, authorId=1320889531209994566, language=EN, stringName=Jing YAN, firstName=Jing, middleName=null, lastName=YAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products/Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Nanning 530006, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320889532950630729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889529070899499, authorId=1320889531209994566, language=CN, stringName=严静, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1广西民族大学化学化工学院,林产化学与工程国家民委重点实验室,广西林产化学与工程重点实验室/协同创新中心,广西南宁 530006, bio={"content":"

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注:NC:正常组,MD:模型组,MF:盐酸二甲双胍组,MILL、MILM、MILH分别表示MIL低、中、高剂量组;与正常组相比,**P<0.01,*P<0.05,与模型组相比,##P<0.01,#P<0.05,图2、图5~图7同。

, figureFileSmall=K2Aw4yD2aFO4PWbOBCdG5Q==, figureFileBig=mP533ZHc+gWDXZgYejuIaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889539124646269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889529070899499, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of MIL on the contents of Liver Glycogen(A), BUN(B) and SCR(C) in T2DM mice (n=8), figureFileSmall=QEw4Scj1IeN+9OjChcrwDQ==, figureFileBig=cv8e7l59xdWyRtZ1gElTHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889539187560830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889529070899499, language=CN, label=图2, caption=MIL 对T2DM小鼠Liver Glycogen(A)、BUN(B)、SCR(C)含量的影响(n=8), figureFileSmall=QEw4Scj1IeN+9OjChcrwDQ==, figureFileBig=cv8e7l59xdWyRtZ1gElTHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889539267252607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889529070899499, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of MIL on kidneys of T2DM mice (400×), figureFileSmall=fQDk+gEYfccXii50ZCLDpg==, figureFileBig=OfV7A5G5jBNTqdly7+4HXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889539338555776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889529070899499, language=CN, label=图3, caption=MIL对T2DM小鼠肾脏的影响(400×)

注:NC:正常组,MD:模型组,MF:盐酸二甲双胍组,MILL、MILM、MILH分别表示MIL低、中、高剂量组。

, figureFileSmall=fQDk+gEYfccXii50ZCLDpg==, figureFileBig=OfV7A5G5jBNTqdly7+4HXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889539414053249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889529070899499, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Key targets and pathways of MIL in treating T2DM, figureFileSmall=z08BT2XoKe6cDcz5MIA9Bg==, figureFileBig=kS0Ax4myk7cFzbTPTcUyYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889539485356418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889529070899499, language=CN, label=图4, caption=MIL治疗T2DM关键作用靶点及通路图

注:A:MIL治疗T2DM相关靶点Venn图;B:MIL治疗T2DM靶点网络图;C:GO分析柱状图(BP,CC,MF);D:KEGG信号通路富集分析图;E:MIL治疗T2DM相关靶点-核心通路网络图,橙色圆形为靶点,紫色长方形为核心通路;F:MIL治疗T2DM相关药物-成分-靶点-核心通路网络图,红色六边形图案为药物即MIL,绿色三角形为其主要组分,橙色圆形为靶点,紫色长方形为通路。

, figureFileSmall=z08BT2XoKe6cDcz5MIA9Bg==, figureFileBig=kS0Ax4myk7cFzbTPTcUyYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889539560853891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889529070899499, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of MIL on the contents of GLUT4(A) and INS(B) in serum of T2DM mice (n=6), figureFileSmall=U9pdSdU9i0BkhPq1DqOhtA==, figureFileBig=EagUK42vGOUwU9am+EuwdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889539623768452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889529070899499, language=CN, label=图5, caption=MIL 对T2DM小鼠血清GLUT4(A)、INS(B)含量的影响(n=6), figureFileSmall=U9pdSdU9i0BkhPq1DqOhtA==, figureFileBig=EagUK42vGOUwU9am+EuwdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889539703460229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889529070899499, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of MIL on the expression of INS, GLUT4, PI3K and AKT mRNA in mouse liver tissue (n=3), figureFileSmall=pT6GM6ZW1C1hgol076Dlpw==, figureFileBig=R9tQ7A+yIhsojBz8AwlrjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889539762180486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889529070899499, language=CN, label=图6, caption=MIL对小鼠肝脏组织INS、GLUT4、PI3K、AKT mRNA表达的影响(n=3), figureFileSmall=pT6GM6ZW1C1hgol076Dlpw==, figureFileBig=R9tQ7A+yIhsojBz8AwlrjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889539841872263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889529070899499, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effects of MIL on the expression of p-AKT and p-PI3K protein in liver tissue of T2DM mice (n=3), figureFileSmall=BpU9PvO47gDHuZJM/DtrWQ==, figureFileBig=w8tOJxcPzWVl+HGgC52O3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889539917369736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889529070899499, language=CN, label=图7, caption=MIL对T2DM小鼠肝脏组织p-AKT、p-PI3K蛋白表达的影响(n=3), figureFileSmall=BpU9PvO47gDHuZJM/DtrWQ==, figureFileBig=w8tOJxcPzWVl+HGgC52O3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889539988672905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889529070899499, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primer sequence

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物序列(5’-3’)
GAPDH FGCCTTCCGTGTTCCTA
GAPDH RAGACAACCTGGTCCTCA
AKT FACGTGGTGAATACATCAAGACC
AKT RGCTACAGAGAAATTGTTCAGGGG
PI3K FACACCACGGTTTGGACTATGG
PI3K RGGCTACAGTAGTGGGCTTGG
INS FGCTTCTTCTACACACCCATGTC
INS RAGCACTGATCTACAATGCCAC
GLUT4 FGTGACTGGAACACTGGTCCTA
GLUT4 RCCAGCCACGTTGCATTGTAG
), ArticleFig(id=1320889543516082570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889529070899499, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物序列(5’-3’)
GAPDH FGCCTTCCGTGTTCCTA
GAPDH RAGACAACCTGGTCCTCA
AKT FACGTGGTGAATACATCAAGACC
AKT RGCTACAGAGAAATTGTTCAGGGG
PI3K FACACCACGGTTTGGACTATGG
PI3K RGGCTACAGTAGTGGGCTTGG
INS FGCTTCTTCTACACACCCATGTC
INS RAGCACTGATCTACAATGCCAC
GLUT4 FGTGACTGGAACACTGGTCCTA
GLUT4 RCCAGCCACGTTGCATTGTAG
), ArticleFig(id=1320889543646105995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889529070899499, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Changes of FBG in mice during the experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别FBG(mmol/L)
0 d14 d28 d35 d
NC5.78±0.42##5.68±0.15##6.56±0.12##6.44±0.75##
MD16.85±0.99**20.54±1.21**20.61±1.18**21.20±1.57**
MF16.60±0.57##12.40±1.09##9.41±0.38##8.29±0.72##
MILL16.99±0.38#15.65±1.52##12.28±0.41##11.08±0.77##
MILM15.65±0.35##14.29±1.09##9.64±0.40##8.39±1.51##
MILH16.13±0.57##12.16±0.54##8.63±0.36##8.11±0.54##
), ArticleFig(id=1320889543713214860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889529070899499, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

实验期间小鼠FBG的变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别FBG(mmol/L)
0 d14 d28 d35 d
NC5.78±0.42##5.68±0.15##6.56±0.12##6.44±0.75##
MD16.85±0.99**20.54±1.21**20.61±1.18**21.20±1.57**
MF16.60±0.57##12.40±1.09##9.41±0.38##8.29±0.72##
MILL16.99±0.38#15.65±1.52##12.28±0.41##11.08±0.77##
MILM15.65±0.35##14.29±1.09##9.64±0.40##8.39±1.51##
MILH16.13±0.57##12.16±0.54##8.63±0.36##8.11±0.54##
), ArticleFig(id=1320889543788712333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889529070899499, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of MIL on Glucose Tolerance in T2DM Mice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别糖耐量(mmol/L)OGTT-AUC
(mmol/L)
0 min30 min60 min120 min
NC6.44±0.75##8.24±1.47##7.67±1.55##4.90±0.66##13.93±0.67##
MD21.20±1.57**30.59±1.15**28.69±2.10**22.99±1.71**53.60±2.35**
MF8.29±0.72##27.80±2.4823.76±1.95##17.35±1.24##42.47±1.17##
MILL11.08±0.77##28.03±1.1624.73±2.79##19.49±1.59##45.07±2.94##
MILM8.39±1.51##27.91±1.9924.35±2.54##18.03±1.53##43.33±1.83##
MILH8.11±0.54##27.49±2.5022.71±1.14##14.95±1.45##40.28±1.56##
), ArticleFig(id=1320889543864209806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889529070899499, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

MIL对T2DM小鼠葡萄糖耐量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别糖耐量(mmol/L)OGTT-AUC
(mmol/L)
0 min30 min60 min120 min
NC6.44±0.75##8.24±1.47##7.67±1.55##4.90±0.66##13.93±0.67##
MD21.20±1.57**30.59±1.15**28.69±2.10**22.99±1.71**53.60±2.35**
MF8.29±0.72##27.80±2.4823.76±1.95##17.35±1.24##42.47±1.17##
MILL11.08±0.77##28.03±1.1624.73±2.79##19.49±1.59##45.07±2.94##
MILM8.39±1.51##27.91±1.9924.35±2.54##18.03±1.53##43.33±1.83##
MILH8.11±0.54##27.49±2.5022.71±1.14##14.95±1.45##40.28±1.56##
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白耙齿菌提取物对2型糖尿病小鼠的降糖作用及机制
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严静 1 , 齐晋 2 , 姜明国 2 , 吴金城 1 , 朱震鑫 2 , 李先可 2 , 周芮 2 , 王嘉辉 1 , 杨立芳 1, 3, *
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(2): 398-407
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食品工业科技 |营养与保健 2026 , 47 (2) : 398 -407
白耙齿菌提取物对2型糖尿病小鼠的降糖作用及机制
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严静1 , 齐晋2, 姜明国2, 吴金城1, 朱震鑫2, 李先可2, 周芮2, 王嘉辉1, 杨立芳1, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1广西民族大学化学化工学院,林产化学与工程国家民委重点实验室,广西林产化学与工程重点实验室/协同创新中心,广西南宁 530006
  • 2广西民族大学海洋与生物技术学院,广西多糖材料与改性重点实验室,广西南宁 530006
  • 3广西药品检验研究院国家药监局中药材质量监测与评价重点实验室,广西南宁 530021
通讯作者:
杨立芳(1969−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:药物资源、药食同源植物和微生物次生代谢产物生物活性及有效成分,E-mail:。
作者简介:

严静(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:制药与精细化工,E-mail:

Hypoglycemic Effects and Mechanism of Metabolites of Irpex lacteus on Type 2 Diabetic Mice
Jing YAN1 , Jin QI2, Mingguo JIANG2, Jincheng WU1, Zhenxin ZHU2, Xianke LI2, Rui ZHOU2, Jiahui WANG1, Lifang YANG1, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products/Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Nanning 530006, China
  • 2School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Nanning 530006, China
  • 3State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Guangxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanning 530021, China
出版时间: 2026-01-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120127
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本文旨在研究白耙齿菌提取物(Metabolites of Irpex lacteus,MIL)对2型糖尿病(Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,T2DM)小鼠的降糖作用及其作用机制。通过腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导T2DM小鼠模型,将小鼠分为正常组、模型组、二甲双胍组及MIL高、中、低剂量组,给药5周后检测空腹血糖(FBG)、口服糖耐量(OGTT)、肝糖原(Liver Glycogen)、肌酐(SCR)、尿氮素(BUN)、胰岛素(INS)及葡萄糖转运蛋白4(GLUT4)的含量,并对肾脏进行病理学观察;通过网络药理学预测通路及靶点,采用RT-qPCR、Western blot 技术对T2DM小鼠相关基因的mRNA和蛋白表达量进行检测。结果表明,MIL能极显著降低T2DM小鼠FBG、BUN、SCR、INS及OGTT-AUC水平(P<0.01),极显著升高GLUT4及Liver Glycogen水平(P<0.01);肾脏病理学观察显示MIL可以改善肾脏组织中细胞的炎症状态,有效缓解高血糖引起的肾炎病症;MIL还可以显著上调蛋白激酶B(AKT)、GLUT4、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)并下调INS的mRNA表达量(P<0.05),显著上调p-PI3K和p-AKT的蛋白表达量(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,MIL可能通过调节PI3K/AKT信号通路来调节血糖紊乱。

糖代谢紊乱  /  白耙齿菌提取物  /  PI3K/AKT信号通路  /  网络药理学

This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic effects and underlying mechanisms of metabolites of Irpex lacteus (MIL) on type 2 diabetic mice. T2DM mice model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ), and the mice were divided into normal group, model group, metformin group, and MIL high, medium, and low dose groups. After 5 weeks of administration, fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), liver glycogen, serum creatinine (SCR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), insulin (INS), and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) levels were measured, and pathological observations of the kidneys were conducted. Network pharmacology was used to predict pathways and targets. RT-qPCR and Western blot were employed to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of related genes of T2DM mice. The results indicated that MIL could significantly reduce the levels of FBG, BUN, SCR, INS, and OGTT-AUC in T2DM mice (P<0.01), and significantly increase the levels of GLUT4 and liver glycogen (P<0.01). Renal pathological observations showed that MIL could improve the inflammatory state of cells in renal tissue and effectively alleviate nephritis symptoms caused by hyperglycemia. Additionally, MIL significantly upregulated the mRNA expression levels of protein kinase B (AKT), GLUT4, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), while downregulating INS expression (P<0.05), significantly increased the protein expression levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT (P<0.05). These findings suggest that MIL may regulate blood glucose disorders by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

glucose metabolism disorder  /  metabolites of Irpex lacteus  /  PI3K/AKT signaling pathway  /  network pharmacology
严静, 齐晋, 姜明国, 吴金城, 朱震鑫, 李先可, 周芮, 王嘉辉, 杨立芳. 白耙齿菌提取物对2型糖尿病小鼠的降糖作用及机制. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (2) : 398 -407 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120127
Jing YAN, Jin QI, Mingguo JIANG, Jincheng WU, Zhenxin ZHU, Xianke LI, Rui ZHOU, Jiahui WANG, Lifang YANG. Hypoglycemic Effects and Mechanism of Metabolites of Irpex lacteus on Type 2 Diabetic Mice[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (2) : 398 -407 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120127
葡萄糖是人体内重要的能量来源之一,正常生理状态下,血糖能够受到体内一些激素如胰岛素的调控,在体内达到平衡稳定的状态,从而维持机体生理功能正常[1],若糖代谢出现紊乱,则会导致糖尿病,目前随着生活方式的改变,糖尿病的患病率大大升高,已经成为社会公共卫生问题[2],糖尿病主要分为1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病,1型糖尿病主要是自身免疫出现问题所导致,发病急,多见于青少年,2型糖尿病(Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,T2DM)一般是由于胰岛素缺陷或胰岛功能受损而引起的代谢紊乱,主要特征是早期无症状,多于40岁后起病,血糖异常,其中2型糖尿病患者超过90%[3−4]。长期的高血糖会严重损害机体健康,对心脏、肝脏、肾脏及神经系统产生多方面的负面影响[5],还会产生多种并发症如糖尿病肾病、冠状动脉疾病等,严重威胁人类健康[6],因此早期发现并治疗T2DM对社会、人类的健康发展具有重要意义[7]。然而目前临床上治疗T2DM的药物多以西药为主,虽有一定的缓解作用,但常存在一定的副作用,且目前治疗药物多以单靶点干预为主,缺乏多靶点干预的治疗药物,从而限制了疗效,因此寻找一种天然无害的,从多个靶点进行干预治疗T2DM的药物至关重要[8−10]。
白耙齿菌(Irpex lacteus,IL),别名为白囊耙齿菌,隶属于担子菌门(Basidiomycota)下的伞菌纲(Agaricomycetes),最终归属于耙齿菌属(Irpex)[11−12]。据记载,耙齿菌属包含四种不同的菌种,分别是鲑贝耙齿菌、白耙齿菌、黄耙齿菌以及绒囊耙齿菌[13−14],其中白耙齿菌的生物活性药用价值相对较高。有研究发现,白耙齿菌具有抗肿瘤[15]、抗菌、消炎[16]等作用,可治疗高尿酸血症、痛风性关节炎,防止疲劳以及提高免疫力等功能[17−18],白耙齿菌提取物(Metabolites of Irpex lacteus,MIL)中含有多糖、皂甙、有机酸、生物碱及17种氨基酸等,有助于增加及改善肾小球的血流量和微循环[19],但其关于降糖作用方面的报道较少,因此为探究MIL对T2DM小鼠的降糖作用,本实验通过对白耙齿菌乙酸乙酯部位进行活性物质提取,研究MIL对T2DM小鼠空腹血糖(Fasting Blood Glucose,FBG)、口服葡萄糖耐量(Oral Glucose Tolerance Test,OGTT)、肝糖原(Liver Glycogen)、肌酐(SCR)、尿氮素(BUN)、胰岛素(INS)、葡萄糖转运蛋白4(GLUT4)水平的影响,并采用RT-qPCR技术评价MIL对T2DM小鼠INS、GLUT4、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)、蛋白激酶B(AKT)mRNA表达水平的影响,采用Western Blot技术评价MIL对T2DM小鼠p-PI3K及p-AKT蛋白表达水平的影响,从而阐明MIL改善T2DM小鼠糖代谢紊乱的作用机制,揭示其对T2DM的保护作用及其分子机制,为开发具有降血糖和肾脏保护功能的食药用真菌产品提供科学依据,同时拓展食药用真菌在代谢性疾病防治领域的应用前景[20]。
SPF级雄性C57BL/6J小鼠 80只,体质量18~22 g 购自长沙市天勤生物技术有限公司,实验动物生产许可证号:SCXK(湘)2019-0014,实验动物使用许可证号SYXK(桂)2022-0001;小鼠基础饲料 广西医科大学动物实验中心;盐酸二甲双胍、链脲佐菌素 北京索莱宝有限公司;小鼠INS、GLUT4 Elisa试剂盒 武汉菲恩生物科技有限公司;BUN、SCR、Liver glycogen含量测定试剂盒 南京建成生物工程研究所;苏木素-伊红染液 武汉赛维尔生物科技有限公司;SYBR Green qPCR Master 上海艾比玛特医药科技有限公司;PI3K、AKT、p-PI3K、p-AKT抗体 武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司。
3K15型台式冷冻高速离心机 德国赛默飞公司;UVmini-1240型分光光度仪 岛津企业管理(中国)有限公司;HH-2 型恒温水浴锅 常州国华电器有限公司;Epoch 型全波长酶标 美国Bio Tek公司;Olympus CKX41型倒置荧光显微镜 日本Olympus公司;BMJ-100型霉菌培养箱 上海博讯实业有限公司医疗设备厂;化学发光成像系统 北京六一生物;Step One Plus荧光定量PCR仪 Applied Biosystems公司。
于吉林省长春市的腐败松树树皮样品中通过筛选分离得到的一种真菌,经真菌种属鉴定(Internal Transcribed Spacer,ITS)为白耙齿菌[21]。将菌种在PDA液体培养基(300 mL/瓶,28 ℃,180 r/min摇瓶)中培养7 d。使用双层纱布过滤菌丝发酵液,得到菌丝残渣及澄清滤液,用蒸馏水洗涤菌丝体,将菌丝体打碎后用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,萃取液混合后浓缩即得到MIL。
将小鼠在湿度60%±5%、温度25±1 ℃,昼夜光照12 h循环的条件下适应性喂养7 d,期间自由饮水、饮食。小鼠禁食不禁水16 h后随机分组,正常组10只(NC),剩余小鼠连续2 d腹腔注射STZ(90 mg·kg−1·d−1),72 h后测FBG水平,测定时剪去尾尖,测定第二滴血,若FBG≥11.1 mmol·L−1表明高糖模型造成[22]。将造模成功的小鼠随机分为 5 组,分别为模型组(MD)、盐酸二甲双胍组(MF,200 mg·kg−1·d−1)、MILL组(低剂量组,100 mg·kg−1·d−1)、MILM组(中剂量组,200 mg·kg−1·d−1)、MILH组(高剂量组,400 mg·kg−1·d−1),每组各10只,经口灌胃给药35 d,灌胃体积10 mL·kg−1,其余组别小鼠给予等体积生理盐水,期间所有操作均严格按照《实验动物管理条例》进行,动物福利伦理审查批号:202410608031。
每周测定小鼠的体质量、饮水量以及饮食量;灌胃给药5周后,于处死小鼠前1 d测定小鼠0 min时的FBG,随后立即给予葡萄糖溶液灌胃(2 g·kg−1)并测定30、60、120 min时的FBG,计算血糖曲线下积分面积(Area Under the Curve,AUC)。
灌胃5周后小鼠禁食不禁水16 h,眼眶后静脉丛取血,随即脱颈处死,立即解剖,取部分肾脏组织于4%多聚甲醛固定液中,用于病理切片检测,其余组织立即放入−80 ℃保存备用。血液静置1~2 h后4 ℃离心(10 min,3500 r/min),分离上层血清并进行分装,保存于−80 ℃备用。
取出1.2.4中分装保存的血清,按照试剂盒说明书,测定血清中BUN、SCR、INS、GLUT4的含量以及肝脏中Liver glycogen的含量。
新鲜肾脏用4%多聚甲醛固定24 h,使用70%~100%乙醇溶液对肾脏进行梯度脱水,随后进行OCT包埋并进行石蜡切片(4 μm),将石蜡切片脱蜡至水,随后使用高清恒染预处理液处理1 min,苏木素染液染色3~5 min,润洗后使用分化液分化、返蓝液返蓝,冲洗后使用伊红染液染色,最后进行脱水封片并拍照观察。
利用PubChem、Swiss ADME、Pharm Mapper等数据库获取MIL的靶点信息并进行整合,以“Diabetes Mellitus”、“Hyperglycemia”、“Glucose metabolism disorders”等与血糖异常相关的疾病为关键词,从Gene Cards、OMIM、Dis Ge NET等数据库中获得疾病潜在靶点,将药物靶点与疾病靶点进行交集筛选,从而得到MIL对糖代谢起作用的靶点,并于Venn、String、DAVID数据库及Cytoscape 3.7.2 软件进行分析并作图[23−25]。
取50 mg肝脏组织并加入1 mL TRIzol试剂及钢珠,使用研磨仪研磨,混匀后离心(4 ℃,13000 r/min,15 min),取上清液加入 200 μL氯仿,剧烈摇晃15 s,分层后离心,取上层水相加入500 μL异丙醇,混匀并离心,向沉淀中加入1 mL 75%乙醇,离心,弃去溶液,向沉淀加入20 μL三蒸水使RNA溶解即得到小鼠肝脏总RNA,取2μL RNA样品使用超微量分光光度计(Nanodrop One)检测其纯度与浓度,若OD260/280 nm介于1.9~2.1,说明RNA的纯度较高,随后根据逆转录试剂盒将其转为cDNA,并根据Blas Taq 2X qPCR Master Mix Kit试剂盒的条件进行RT-qPCR,反应条件设置为:预变性95 ℃ 3 min,变性95℃ 15 s,退火/延伸60℃ 1 min,循环次数为40次,内参基因为GAPDH,引物序列如表1所示。
首先提取蛋白,称取50 mg肝脏组织,加入1 mL的RIPA裂解液,低温研磨仪研磨后,立即离心(12000 r/min,4 ℃,10 min),取上清液,分装后−80 ℃保存,采用BCA法测定蛋白浓度,并统一定量至5 mg/mL,随后采用Western blot技术检测各组小鼠肝脏蛋白表达情况,经制胶、上样、电泳(80 v 30 min,120 v 60 min)、转膜(400 mA),随后进行封闭(0.5%脱脂奶粉摇床振荡2 h)、一抗孵育(4 ℃孵育过夜)、二抗孵育处理(室温摇床振荡孵育2 h),随后进行显影、拍照、观察,并与内部参考条带进行比较,分析蛋白的相对表达水平并进行对照组归一化处理。
采用SPSS 27.0.1软件及GraphPad Prism 10.1.2 软件进行数据统计学分析及绘图,各组间采用ANOVA分析,所有实验结果均以Mean±SD表示,以P<0.05表示差异显著,P<0.01表示差异极显著。
饲养过程中观察到,正常组小鼠毛发顺滑富有光泽,体重偏大,饮食规律,而造模成功后的模型组小鼠毛发粗糙,没有光泽,体重减轻,且笼内出现互咬拔毛的现象,出现多饮、多食、多尿的经典三多现象,经给药治疗后,此类现象具有明显缓解,小鼠体质量、饮水量及饮食量变化情况见图1,从图1中可以看出,随着给药时间的增长,小鼠体质量明显升高,饮水量及饮食量明显有所降低,在灌胃时间达到35 d时,与模型组相比,小鼠体质量极显著升高,饮水量及饮食量均极显著降低(P<0.01)。
FBG是评价药物对T2DM小鼠是否有治疗作用的重要标准[26],MIL对T2DM小鼠最终FBG含量的影响结果如表2所示,与正常组相比,在刚造模成功时,各组别FBG含量均极显著升高(P<0.01),随着灌胃给药时间的增加,与模型组相比,各个给药组FBG含量均极显著降低(P<0.01),并在给药第35 d时达到最低,其中MIL高剂量组和中剂量组对T2DM小鼠FBG含量的降低效果与阳性药效果相当,且均小于11.1 mmol/L,低剂量组也有一定效果,说明MIL能够有效降低T2DM小鼠FBG含量,缓解糖尿病症状,具有良好的降血糖活性,黄小红等[27]也发现了类似的现象,经过青稞β-葡聚糖降解物治疗后,T2DM小鼠的FBG含量明显降低。
MIL对T2DM小鼠OGTT的影响结果如表3所示。在小鼠灌胃葡萄糖溶液后,各组小鼠的血糖水平升高,并在30 min时达到峰值,随后逐渐降低,各个给药组的变化趋势与模型组相同但给药组的血糖降低趋势明显大于模型组的降低趋势。对AUC结果进行分析发现,与正常组相比,模型组AUC值极显著提升(P<0.01);与模型组相比,给药组AUC值均呈现极显著下降趋势(P<0.01),且MIL高剂量组的下降程度优于阳性药组,中、低剂量组也有一定降低趋势。说明MIL能够有效降低T2DM小鼠的OGTT-AUC值,能够明显提升T2DM小鼠的葡萄糖耐受力,具有良好的降糖活性。
MIL对T2DM小鼠肝脏中糖原含量影响的结果如图2A所示。与正常组相比,高血糖小鼠肝脏中糖原含量极显著降低(P<0.01),表示其对葡萄糖摄取及转运均存在代谢紊乱的现象,与模型组相比,二甲双胍组及MIL给药组均能够极显著地提高糖原含量(P<0.01),且MIL高剂量组糖原含量高于阳性药组,说明MIL能够有效提高T2DM小鼠肝脏中的糖原含量,能够提高T2DM小鼠合成糖原的能力,促进葡萄糖转运,具有良好的降血糖活性。
MIL对血清肾脏指标的影响已通过图2B~图2C详细呈现。与正常组相比,模型组小鼠血清BUN和SCR水平均极显著上升(P<0.01),说明模型组小鼠肾脏具有比较严重的损伤,符合高血糖小鼠并发肾炎的特征,与模型组相比,给药组小鼠BUN、SCR含量均呈极显著下降的趋势(P<0.01),且MIL高、中剂量组对BUN、SCR的降低效果都与二甲双胍组不相上下,说明MIL能够有效减少高血糖引起的肾脏损伤,具有良好的肾脏保护作用。
MIL对T2DM小鼠肾脏病理切片的影响如图3所示。经过HE染色,正常组小鼠肾组织的肾小球结构保持完整,肾小球系膜基质未见增加,相比之下,模型组小鼠肾脏组织损伤显著,肾脏结构不完整,空泡样变化增多,颜色异常发红。在药物治疗组中,二甲双胍组小鼠肾脏受损程度减缓,肾脏结构趋于完整,进一步观察MIL组小鼠的肾脏组织,发现其肾小球的基底膜增厚情况有所减缓,空泡样变化也呈现减小的趋势,整体肾脏损伤程度有所减轻。这种改善作用呈现出剂量依赖性,即随着给药浓度的增加,改善效果更为显著。特别是在MILH中,MIL的改善效果甚至优于部分阳性药物组。综上所述,以上结果表明MIL能够改善肾脏组织中的病理变化及炎症状态,有效缓解高血糖引起的肾炎病症,展现出良好的肾脏保护作用。
通过Swiss target prediction、Super Pred、Pharm Mapper数据库检索药物的靶点,Gene Cards、OMIM等检索疾病靶点的数据库获取T2DM疾病相关靶点,利用在线网站“Venny2.1.0”将MIL活性成分信息与T2DM相关靶点取交集,得到的靶点数据如图4A的Venn图所示。利用Cytoscape软件对MIL治疗T2DM的关键靶点进行分析,见图4B,连接度较高的前20个核心靶点为SRC、STAT3、MAPK3、AKT1、EGFR、MAPK1、JUN、PIK3CA、SHC1、INS、RHOA、TNF、ESR1、PTPN11、CASP3、CREBBP、MAPK8、HIF1A、MAPK14、LCK。
通过DAVID数据库对上述所得的交集靶点进行GO富集分析和KEGG分析,所得结果如图4C~图4D所示。由GO富集分析结果可知,MIL主要参与信号传导的生物学过程,与蛋白结合等方面的分子功能相关。在对信号通路进行KEGG富集分析后,发现相关的通路共183条,其中显著相关的有169条(P<0.05),选取前20条核心通路,主要涉及到癌症、脂质动脉粥样硬化及胰岛素抵抗等。
将药物成分及疾病靶点信息、通路靶点信息等进行整合梳理后,利用Cytoscape软件对MIL治疗T2DM的主要靶点及通路构建成“靶点-通路”网络图、“药物-成分-靶点-通路”网络图,如图4E~图4F所示。图中多成分、多通路、多靶点的作用特点显示出MIL能够较好地改善高血糖疾病及各种相关并发症。
MIL对高血糖小鼠血清中INS、GLUT4含量的影响结果如图5A~图5B所示。与正常组相比,模型组INS含量呈现极显著升高的趋势(P<0.01),而GLUT4含量呈极显著下降趋势(P<0.01),表明模型组小鼠处于疾病状态,由于血糖提升以及代谢紊乱的作用,使得胰岛素分泌过量,糖转运蛋白含量减少;与模型组相比,各个给药组均可以极显著地降低血清中INS的含量,提高GLUT4的含量(P<0.01),上述结果表明MIL能够有效减少葡萄糖的转运,降低血糖含量,具有良好的降血糖活性。
为了研究MIL降糖作用的机制,结合网络药理学结果,本研究分析INS、GLUT4、PI3K、AKT的mRNA表达水平及p-PI3K、p-AKT的蛋白表达水平,以验证PI3K/AKT通路是否是MIL降低T2DM小鼠血糖的作用机制。
MIL对T2DM小鼠肝组织中相关基因的mRNA表达影响的结果如图6所示。与正常组相比,模型组INS mRNA表达极显著上调,GLUT4、AKT、PI3K mRNA表达极显著下调(P<0.01),与模型组相比,二甲双胍组及MIL高、中剂量组均能够极显著下调INS mRNA的表达,上调GLUT4、AKT、PI3K mRNA的表达(P<0.01),MIL低剂量组亦能极显著下调INS的表达,上调GLUT4的表达(P<0.01)。
MIL对T2DM小鼠肝组织中相关蛋白表达的影响已通过图7进行了展示。与正常组相比,模型组p-AKT及p-PI3K蛋白表达量极显著下调(P<0.01),而与模型组相比,二甲双胍组可显著上调p-AKT蛋白表达量(P<0.05),极显著上调p-PI3K蛋白的表达量(P<0.01),MIL高剂量组可极显著上调p-AKT及p-PI3K蛋白表达量(P<0.01)。
综上所述,MIL对T2DM小鼠的降糖作用可能与INS表达的降低,GLUT4、p-AKT、p-PI3K表达的升高有关,PI3K/AKT通路很可能是MIL改善T2DM的作用机制。
课题组前期研究发现,白耙齿菌发酵茶可以降低高血脂小鼠TC、LDL-C、AST、ALT、ALP水平,具有降低血脂,保护肝脏损伤等作用[28];黄静等[29]发现白耙齿菌发酵物在治疗高尿酸血症、痛风性关节炎方面有良好作用,但白耙齿菌对高血糖的改善作用未见相关报道,因此本研究通过构建T2DM小鼠模型,探究MIL对T2DM小鼠的降糖作用及其机制。在本研究中,通过腹腔注射STZ构建T2DM模型,该方法技术成熟且成功率高,通过测定FBG发现其大于等于11.1 mmol·L−1,表明T2DM模型建立成功[22,30]。
基于上述研究基础,考察MIL治疗T2DM小鼠糖代谢紊乱的作用,研究发现MIL能明显降低T2DM小鼠FBG含量,将血糖降低至接近正常水平,并且明显提升了T2DM小鼠对葡萄糖的耐受能力和肝脏中糖原含量;BUN及SCR是肾功能变化的重要指标,可以反映肾脏损伤情况[31],研究结果表明MIL可以降低T2DM小鼠血清中BUN、SCR含量,结合肾脏病理切片观察结果可知,MIL能够显著缓解肾脏炎症,具有极显著的肾脏保护作用。
T2DM患者的GLUT4功能受损,导致胰岛素抵抗,从而出现高胰岛素血症,通过ELISA技术发现MIL可以明显缓解T2DM小鼠的高胰岛素血症,增加GLUT4含量,减少INS含量,有效缓解高血糖小鼠的糖代谢紊乱现象[32];通过RT-qPCR检测相关mRNA的表达,进一步验证了上述结果,发现MIL能够上调GLUT4、AKT、PI3K的表达,下调INS的表达,通过Western blot技术检测相关蛋白的表达,发现MIL可以上调p-AKT、p-PI3K的表达,有研究表明,PI3K/AKT信号通路是胰岛素进行信号传导的主要通路之一,它在调控细胞增殖、炎症反应等多种行为中起到关键作用[33],在对胰岛素、细胞因子等反应中被激活,并反向调节葡萄糖和脂质代谢等[34],而胰岛素抵抗是T2DM的重要发病环节,一般发生时会伴随着PI3K和AKT通路活性的降低[35],PI3K/AKT通路的激活能促进胰岛素信号传导,增加胰岛素敏感性,激活的AKT影响下游蛋白 GLUT4的表达,从而调节糖脂代谢。
上述结果表明MIL可能通过缓解胰岛素抵抗,提升葡萄糖转运能力,有效降低T2DM小鼠FBG水平,具有良好的降血糖活性[36],而糖代谢由多条通路激活并相互作用,本研究只从PI3K/AKT通路中的部分基因表达来探究MIL对T2DM小鼠糖代谢紊乱的作用机制,后续可以通过其他作用通路,更深入研究MIL对T2DM小鼠的缓解机制。
白耙齿菌提取物可能通过影响T2DM小鼠PI3K/AKT信号通路来达到降血糖、改善糖代谢紊乱的作用,显示白耙齿菌提取物可能是一种有前途的改善T2DM患者糖代谢紊乱的防治药物,本研究将为改善高血糖的食药用真菌的研究及产品的开发提供新的资源及思路。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120127
  • 接收时间:2024-12-12
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-01-15
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    1广西民族大学化学化工学院,林产化学与工程国家民委重点实验室,广西林产化学与工程重点实验室/协同创新中心,广西南宁 530006
    2广西民族大学海洋与生物技术学院,广西多糖材料与改性重点实验室,广西南宁 530006
    3广西药品检验研究院国家药监局中药材质量监测与评价重点实验室,广西南宁 530021

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杨立芳(1969−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:药物资源、药食同源植物和微生物次生代谢产物生物活性及有效成分,E-mail:。
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占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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