Article(id=1320889489677996898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320889172802515656, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020204, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740499200000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854195278, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1768406400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854195278, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854195278, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854195278, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320889172802515656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='514', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768406400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854119730, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854119730, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=266, endPage=276, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889489866740579, articleId=1320889489677996898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Modifying Wheat Bran Dietary Fiber Using High-temperature Steaming with Ultrasound-assisted Compound Enzymatic Method: Process Optimization and Effects on in Vitro Probiotic Activity, columnId=1261343843090313538, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Processing Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Defatted wheat bran was modified via high-temperature steaming combined with ultrasound-assisted enzymatic treatments. We investigated the influence of various factors on the yield of soluble dietary fiber (SDF). The physicochemical properties of dietary fibers before and after modification and their effects on in vitro probiotic activity were comparatively analyzed. Steaming coupled with ultrasound-assisted enzymatic treatment increased the yield of wheat bran SDF by 34.31%±0.08%. The optimal process parameters were as follows: liquid-to-solid ratio was 1:10 g/mL, steaming temperature was 120 ℃, steaming duration was 30 min, ultrasound power was 450 W, ultrasound treatment duration was 9 min, ultrasound treatment temperature was 45 ℃, enzyme component (cellulase to hemicellulase) ratio was 1:1, and compound enzyme dosage was 2.5% (w/w). The water-holding, oil-holding, and swelling capacities of the SDF increased by 1.75-, 1.57-, and 1.36-fold relative to the premodification values after modification, respectively. The water-holding, oil-holding, and swelling capacities of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) increased by 1.15-, 1.28-, and 1.09-fold, respectively, compared with the premodification values. Modified SDF and IDF substantially enhanced the growth and adhesive capacities of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum. These results provide a theoretical basis for the high-value use of wheat bran dietary fiber.

, authors=Meng WANG1, Quan LIU1, Xiqun ZHENG1, 2, Caixia JIANG2, 3, Juntong WANG1, 2, 4, *, Hao HU5, *, Zhi ZHANG5, authorsList=Meng WANG, Quan LIU, Xiqun ZHENG, Caixia JIANG, Juntong WANG, Hao HU, Zhi ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Juntong WANG, Hao HU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889491632542578, articleId=1320889489677996898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=高温蒸煮联合超声复合酶法改性麦麸膳食纤维工艺优化及体外益生活性, columnId=1261343845481066826, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=工艺技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究以脱脂麦麸为原料,采用高温蒸煮结合超声复合酶法对麦麸进行改性处理。探讨了不同因素对可溶性膳食纤维(soluble dietary fiber,SDF)得率的影响,并对比分析了改性前后膳食纤维的理化特性及其对体外益生菌活性的作用。结果表明,高温蒸煮联合超声复合酶法可使麦麸SDF得率提升至34.31%±0.08%。最佳工艺参数为:料液比1:10 g/mL,高温蒸煮温度120 ℃、时间30 min,超声功率450 W、时间9 min、温度45 ℃,复合酶(纤维素酶与半纤维素酶)配比1:1,复合酶添加量2.5%(w/w)。改性后,SDF的持水力、持油力和膨胀力分别提升至改性前的1.75倍、1.57倍和1.36倍;不溶性膳食纤维(insoluble dietary fiber,IDF)的持水力、持油力和膨胀力分别提升至改性前的1.15倍、1.28倍和1.09倍。此外,改性后的SDF和IDF显著增强了嗜酸乳杆菌和长双歧杆菌的生长及黏附能力。本研究为小麦麸皮膳食纤维的高值化利用提供了理论支持。

, authors=王萌1, 刘泉1, 郑喜群1, 2, 姜彩霞2, 3, 王俊彤1, 2, 4, *, 胡昊5, *, 张智5, authorsList=王萌, 刘泉, 郑喜群, 姜彩霞, 王俊彤, 胡昊, 张智, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王俊彤, 胡昊, authorNote=

王萌(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品加工与安全,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
王俊彤(1987−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:粮食副产物加工及蛋白质功能因子开发,E-mail:。
胡昊(1976−),男,硕士,高级农艺师,研究方向:粮食加工;E-mail:。
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注:不同小写字母表示差异性显著(P<0.05),图2~图3、图6~图7同。

, figureFileSmall=SYnYkUsxsS8f55rYtbj4Zg==, figureFileBig=y6mngUof6nnux2UNqE+GhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889495193506743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489677996898, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of ultrasonic conditions on the SDF yield of wheat bran, figureFileSmall=ua4Mqe675UA4UZOs/ClNZA==, figureFileBig=yUxVWQ+FVHJ75aPXSQamcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889495264809912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489677996898, language=CN, label=图2, caption=超声条件对麦麸SDF得率的影响, figureFileSmall=ua4Mqe675UA4UZOs/ClNZA==, figureFileBig=yUxVWQ+FVHJ75aPXSQamcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889495336113081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489677996898, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of compound enzyme conditions on the SDF yield of wheat bran, figureFileSmall=sbo/xtTBjlJjIjdMWthqQw==, figureFileBig=ApKqihf0J3Q+kfpkum0mww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889495399027642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489677996898, language=CN, label=图3, caption=复合酶条件对麦麸SDF得率的影响, figureFileSmall=sbo/xtTBjlJjIjdMWthqQw==, figureFileBig=ApKqihf0J3Q+kfpkum0mww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889495487108027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489677996898, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Semi-normal probability effect diagram (A) and pareto chart (B) of standardized effect, figureFileSmall=S1YEJYowSDC7O1E3nSfaMg==, figureFileBig=RNvxLQmc+hfoFaYoGxUMlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889495570994108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489677996898, language=CN, label=图4, caption=标准化效应的半正态概率效应图(A)和帕累托图(B)

注:红色代表正相关,蓝色代表负相关,空心代表单独因素产生的影响,实心代表两因素交互产生的影响。

, figureFileSmall=S1YEJYowSDC7O1E3nSfaMg==, figureFileBig=RNvxLQmc+hfoFaYoGxUMlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889495642297277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489677996898, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of factor interaction on SDF yield, figureFileSmall=oF9W4BGO7po3WMMVbRUdNg==, figureFileBig=zb8wy+z8noAdHtfnhj3TOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889495717794750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489677996898, language=CN, label=图5, caption=因素交互作用对SDF得率的影响, figureFileSmall=oF9W4BGO7po3WMMVbRUdNg==, figureFileBig=zb8wy+z8noAdHtfnhj3TOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889495789097919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489677996898, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Growth curves of Lactobacillus acidophilus (A) and Bifidobacterium longum (B), figureFileSmall=r1tqXIWpXsd9nYW2gfzh5A==, figureFileBig=eNRP44q33vKTb4UJ2DV5PA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889495868789696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489677996898, language=CN, label=图6, caption=嗜酸乳杆菌(A)和长双歧杆菌(B)生长曲线, figureFileSmall=r1tqXIWpXsd9nYW2gfzh5A==, figureFileBig=eNRP44q33vKTb4UJ2DV5PA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889495952675777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489677996898, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Adhesion force diagrams of Lactobacillus acidophilus (A) and Bifidobacterium longum (B), figureFileSmall=ca3lm29Mpk90UcVSMEo/9g==, figureFileBig=uhHCAV+8ditQfQkRxSvnrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889496023978946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489677996898, language=CN, label=图7, caption=嗜酸乳杆菌(A)和长双歧杆菌(B)黏附力, figureFileSmall=ca3lm29Mpk90UcVSMEo/9g==, figureFileBig=uhHCAV+8ditQfQkRxSvnrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889496091087811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489677996898, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Factor levels and coding values of Plackett-Burman design

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编码水平A超声功率(W)B超声时间(min)C超声温度(℃)D复合酶配比E复合酶添加量(%)
低(−1)4507351:21.5
高(+1)63011452:12.5
), ArticleFig(id=1320889496158196676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489677996898, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

Plackett-Burman设计因子水平及编码值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编码水平A超声功率(W)B超声时间(min)C超声温度(℃)D复合酶配比E复合酶添加量(%)
低(−1)4507351:21.5
高(+1)63011452:12.5
), ArticleFig(id=1320889496237888453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489677996898, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Factors and levels of response surface experiments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素编码水平
−101
A超声功率(W)360450540
B超声温度(℃)404550
C复合酶添加量(%)2.02.53
), ArticleFig(id=1320889496342746054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489677996898, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

响应面试验因素与水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素编码水平
−101
A超声功率(W)360450540
B超声温度(℃)404550
C复合酶添加量(%)2.02.53
), ArticleFig(id=1320889496401466311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489677996898, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Plackett-Burman experimental design and results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验号ABCDESDF得率(%)
11−11−1132.242
211−1−1131.364
3−111−1133.12
4−1−1−11132.34
511−11−129.364
6−1−1−1−1−131.37
71−1−1−1−130.422
81−111132.178
91111−131.164
10−1−111−132.014
11−11−11131.754
12−111−1−132.528
), ArticleFig(id=1320889496464380872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489677996898, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

Plackett-Burman试验设计与结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验号ABCDESDF得率(%)
11−11−1132.242
211−1−1131.364
3−111−1133.12
4−1−1−11132.34
511−11−129.364
6−1−1−1−1−131.37
71−1−1−1−130.422
81−111132.178
91111−131.164
10−1−111−132.014
11−11−11131.754
12−111−1−132.528
), ArticleFig(id=1320889496531489737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489677996898, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Regression analysis (ANOVA) of Plackett-Burman

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源平方和自由度均方F值得率
P值显著性
模型10.7552.1523.360.0007**
A-超声功率3.4013.4036.960.0009**
B-超声时间0.134810.13481.460.2718
C-超声温度3.6713.6739.790.0007**
D-复合酶配比0.415210.41524.510.0780
E-复合酶添加量3.1413.1434.060.0011**
残差0.552760.0921
总和11.3111
), ArticleFig(id=1320889496606987210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489677996898, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

Plackett-Burman的回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源平方和自由度均方F值得率
P值显著性
模型10.7552.1523.360.0007**
A-超声功率3.4013.4036.960.0009**
B-超声时间0.134810.13481.460.2718
C-超声温度3.6713.6739.790.0007**
D-复合酶配比0.415210.41524.510.0780
E-复合酶添加量3.1413.1434.060.0011**
残差0.552760.0921
总和11.3111
), ArticleFig(id=1320889496678290379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489677996898, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Design of the steep climbing test and its results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理步长超声功率
(W)
超声温度
(℃)
复合酶添加量
(%)
SDF得率
(%)
10540402.033.37
20+1Δ450452.534.26
30+2Δ36050334.02
40+3Δ270553.533.55
50+4Δ18060433.86
60+5Δ90654.532.97
), ArticleFig(id=1320889496787342284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489677996898, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

最陡爬坡试验设计及其结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理步长超声功率
(W)
超声温度
(℃)
复合酶添加量
(%)
SDF得率
(%)
10540402.033.37
20+1Δ450452.534.26
30+2Δ36050334.02
40+3Δ270553.533.55
50+4Δ18060433.86
60+5Δ90654.532.97
), ArticleFig(id=1320889496871228365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489677996898, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Box-Behnken design and response values

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验号A超声功率B超声温度C复合酶添加量SDF得率
(%)
1−1−1033.95
21−1034.00
3−11034.01
411033.86
5−10−133.71
610−133.88
7−10133.73
810133.63
90−1−134.06
1001−133.87
110−1133.85
1201133.86
1300034.31
1400034.32
1500034.35
1600034.29
1700034.32
), ArticleFig(id=1320889496950920142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489677996898, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

Box-Behnken试验设计及其结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验号A超声功率B超声温度C复合酶添加量SDF得率
(%)
1−1−1033.95
21−1034.00
3−11034.01
411033.86
5−10−133.71
610−133.88
7−10133.73
810133.63
90−1−134.06
1001−133.87
110−1133.85
1201133.86
1300034.31
1400034.32
1500034.35
1600034.29
1700034.32
), ArticleFig(id=1320889497030611919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489677996898, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Analysis of variance of regression model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源平方和自由度均方F值P值显著性
模型0.892390.0991104.63<0.0001*
A-超声功率0.000110.00010.10340.7572
B-超声温度0.008110.00818.510.0224*
C-复合酶添加量0.024910.024926.240.0014**
AB0.009810.009810.340.0147*
AC0.018210.018219.230.0032**
BC0.010410.010410.980.0129*
A20.302410.3024319.15<0.0001**
B20.037610.037639.680.0004**
C20.411210.4112433.93<0.0001**
残差0.006670.0009
失拟项0.004830.00163.370.1355
CV(%)0.3244R2adj0.9831
Adeq Precisior29.96Pred R20.9121
), ArticleFig(id=1320889497131275216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489677996898, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

回归模型方差分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源平方和自由度均方F值P值显著性
模型0.892390.0991104.63<0.0001*
A-超声功率0.000110.00010.10340.7572
B-超声温度0.008110.00818.510.0224*
C-复合酶添加量0.024910.024926.240.0014**
AB0.009810.009810.340.0147*
AC0.018210.018219.230.0032**
BC0.010410.010410.980.0129*
A20.302410.3024319.15<0.0001**
B20.037610.037639.680.0004**
C20.411210.4112433.93<0.0001**
残差0.006670.0009
失拟项0.004830.00163.370.1355
CV(%)0.3244R2adj0.9831
Adeq Precisior29.96Pred R20.9121
), ArticleFig(id=1320889497227744209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489677996898, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Water-holding capacity, oil-holding capacity and swelling capacity of unmodified and modified dietary fiber

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品持水性(g/g)持油性(g/g)膨胀力(%)
U-SDF1.19±0.10B1.81±0.11B6.17±0.38B
M-SDF2.38±0.15A2.84±0.15A8.39±0.23A
U-IDF5.05±0.09b3.30±0.10b2.56±0.06b
M-IDF5.81±0.07a4.24±0.05 a2.78±004a
), ArticleFig(id=1320889497303241682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489677996898, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

未改性与改性膳食纤维的持水力、持油力、膨胀力分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品持水性(g/g)持油性(g/g)膨胀力(%)
U-SDF1.19±0.10B1.81±0.11B6.17±0.38B
M-SDF2.38±0.15A2.84±0.15A8.39±0.23A
U-IDF5.05±0.09b3.30±0.10b2.56±0.06b
M-IDF5.81±0.07a4.24±0.05 a2.78±004a
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高温蒸煮联合超声复合酶法改性麦麸膳食纤维工艺优化及体外益生活性
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王萌 1 , 刘泉 1 , 郑喜群 1, 2 , 姜彩霞 2, 3 , 王俊彤 1, 2, 4, * , 胡昊 5, * , 张智 5
食品工业科技 | 工艺技术 2026,47(2): 266-276
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食品工业科技 |工艺技术 2026 , 47 (2) : 266 -276
高温蒸煮联合超声复合酶法改性麦麸膳食纤维工艺优化及体外益生活性
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王萌1 , 刘泉1, 郑喜群1, 2, 姜彩霞2, 3, 王俊彤1, 2, 4, * , 胡昊5, * , 张智5
作者信息
  • 1黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院,黑龙江大庆 163319
  • 2粮食副产物加工与利用教育部工程研究中心,黑龙江大庆 163319
  • 3黑龙江八一农垦大学国家杂粮工程技术研究中心,黑龙江大庆 163319
  • 4黑龙江省农产品加工与质量安全重点实验室,黑龙江大庆 163319
  • 5黑龙江省北大荒米业集团有限公司,黑龙江哈尔滨 150090
通讯作者:
王俊彤(1987−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:粮食副产物加工及蛋白质功能因子开发,E-mail:。
胡昊(1976−),男,硕士,高级农艺师,研究方向:粮食加工;E-mail:。
作者简介:

王萌(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品加工与安全,E-mail:

Modifying Wheat Bran Dietary Fiber Using High-temperature Steaming with Ultrasound-assisted Compound Enzymatic Method: Process Optimization and Effects on in Vitro Probiotic Activity
Meng WANG1 , Quan LIU1, Xiqun ZHENG1, 2, Caixia JIANG2, 3, Juntong WANG1, 2, 4, * , Hao HU5, * , Zhi ZHANG5
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
  • 2Engineering Research Center of Processing and Utilization of Grain By-products and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Daqing 163319, China
  • 3National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
  • 4Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing and Quality Safety of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China
  • 5Heilongjiang Beidahuang Rice Industry Group Co., Ltd., Harbin 150090, China
出版时间: 2026-01-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020204
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本研究以脱脂麦麸为原料,采用高温蒸煮结合超声复合酶法对麦麸进行改性处理。探讨了不同因素对可溶性膳食纤维(soluble dietary fiber,SDF)得率的影响,并对比分析了改性前后膳食纤维的理化特性及其对体外益生菌活性的作用。结果表明,高温蒸煮联合超声复合酶法可使麦麸SDF得率提升至34.31%±0.08%。最佳工艺参数为:料液比1:10 g/mL,高温蒸煮温度120 ℃、时间30 min,超声功率450 W、时间9 min、温度45 ℃,复合酶(纤维素酶与半纤维素酶)配比1:1,复合酶添加量2.5%(w/w)。改性后,SDF的持水力、持油力和膨胀力分别提升至改性前的1.75倍、1.57倍和1.36倍;不溶性膳食纤维(insoluble dietary fiber,IDF)的持水力、持油力和膨胀力分别提升至改性前的1.15倍、1.28倍和1.09倍。此外,改性后的SDF和IDF显著增强了嗜酸乳杆菌和长双歧杆菌的生长及黏附能力。本研究为小麦麸皮膳食纤维的高值化利用提供了理论支持。

小麦麸皮  /  膳食纤维  /  高温蒸煮  /  超声复合酶解  /  联合改性  /  益生特性

Defatted wheat bran was modified via high-temperature steaming combined with ultrasound-assisted enzymatic treatments. We investigated the influence of various factors on the yield of soluble dietary fiber (SDF). The physicochemical properties of dietary fibers before and after modification and their effects on in vitro probiotic activity were comparatively analyzed. Steaming coupled with ultrasound-assisted enzymatic treatment increased the yield of wheat bran SDF by 34.31%±0.08%. The optimal process parameters were as follows: liquid-to-solid ratio was 1:10 g/mL, steaming temperature was 120 ℃, steaming duration was 30 min, ultrasound power was 450 W, ultrasound treatment duration was 9 min, ultrasound treatment temperature was 45 ℃, enzyme component (cellulase to hemicellulase) ratio was 1:1, and compound enzyme dosage was 2.5% (w/w). The water-holding, oil-holding, and swelling capacities of the SDF increased by 1.75-, 1.57-, and 1.36-fold relative to the premodification values after modification, respectively. The water-holding, oil-holding, and swelling capacities of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) increased by 1.15-, 1.28-, and 1.09-fold, respectively, compared with the premodification values. Modified SDF and IDF substantially enhanced the growth and adhesive capacities of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum. These results provide a theoretical basis for the high-value use of wheat bran dietary fiber.

wheat bran  /  dietary fiber  /  high temperature steaming  /  ultrasonic assisted enzymatic hydrolysis  /  combined modification  /  probiotic activity
王萌, 刘泉, 郑喜群, 姜彩霞, 王俊彤, 胡昊, 张智. 高温蒸煮联合超声复合酶法改性麦麸膳食纤维工艺优化及体外益生活性. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (2) : 266 -276 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020204
Meng WANG, Quan LIU, Xiqun ZHENG, Caixia JIANG, Juntong WANG, Hao HU, Zhi ZHANG. Modifying Wheat Bran Dietary Fiber Using High-temperature Steaming with Ultrasound-assisted Compound Enzymatic Method: Process Optimization and Effects on in Vitro Probiotic Activity[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (2) : 266 -276 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020204
膳食纤维是一种在小肠内不易被消化,在大肠内易被发酵分解的碳水化合物[1]。膳食纤维按溶解度的不同可分为可溶性膳食纤维(soluble dietary fiber,SDF)与不可溶性膳食纤维(insoluble dietary fiber,IDF),其比例在1:9左右[2]。IDF具有调控肠道菌群,促进肠道蠕动及增加粪便体积的作用,而SDF则在免疫调节、血糖控制及凝胶形成等方面表现出更显著的功能优势[3]。SDF具有更强的生理活性,因此SDF含量越高,膳食纤维品质越好。
麦麸作为小麦加工的主要副产物,目前主要被用作牲畜饲料和发酵基质,仅有少量经过简单加工后应用于食品工业[4−5]。这种低附加值的利用方式严重限制了麦麸资源的经济效益。然而,麦麸富含膳食纤维,但天然状态下其SDF含量较低且功能特性有限,这直接制约了在功能食品领域的开发应用[6]。研究表明,通过适当的改性处理既可以提高麦麸中SDF的含量,又可以改善其理化性质并增强生理活性功能。
目前,改性膳食纤维的研究主要采用物理法(如超声波、高温蒸煮和高压均质)、生物法(以酶法和发酵法为主)以及化学法(主要为酸碱法)等多种方法[7−8]。然而,单一方法存在局限性:物理法设备要求高、能耗大;生物法条件苛刻且生产周期长;化学法可能破坏营养成分并具有强腐蚀性。为克服这些不足,多种方法联合使用已成为趋势,其能够实现更高效、温和且低能耗的改性效果[9]。例如,Huang等[10]通过高温蒸煮辅助酶法显著提高了茶渣SDF得率并改善了其功能特性;Jiang等[11]通过超声-微波协同改性玉米皮膳食纤维,结果表明,超声微波协同修饰可以增强嗜酸乳杆菌和长双歧杆菌的促生长能力和吸附能力。巫永华等[12]对黑豆皮采用超声微波辅助酶法制备SDF得率达19.12%,其膨胀力、持水力和吸附力均得到明显提高。谢翎等[13]通过将高温改性技术与超声波辅助酶解技术相结合,从每10 g豆渣原料中获得了3.91 g SDF,显著提高了SDF得率和持水、膨胀性;还发现复合改性方法能够有效克服单一方法的不足,充分发挥协同效应。
高温蒸煮能够有效破坏细胞壁,导致纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的糖苷键断裂,促使IDF部分降解转化为SDF;超声复合酶处理则通过空化效应和酶促反应进一步分解IDF,提高SDF得率并改善其功能特性[14]。通过预实验发现,高温蒸煮联合超声复合酶解协同作用下的SDF得率显著高于单独使用高温蒸煮(SDF得率24.5%)或超声复合酶解(SDF得率17.2%)。在本研究中,以脱脂麦麸为原料,通过单因素实验、Plackett-Burman试验和响应面试验对高温蒸煮和超声复合酶解两步改性工艺进行了系统优化。此外,课题组详细研究了改性前后麦麸SDF和IDF的理化性质及其体外益生活性。本研究旨在为麦麸的高值化利用提供理论依据,并为食品工业提供新的膳食纤维来源。
小麦麸皮(膳食纤维68%,w/w) 南顺(四川)食品有限公司;纤维素酶(50000 U/g)、半纤维素酶(20000 U/g) 源叶生物科技有限公司;碱性蛋白(200000 U/g) 南宁东恒华道生物科技有限公司;α-淀粉酶(3700 U/g) 北京奥博星生物技术有限公司;嗜酸乳杆菌(BNCC336636)、长双歧杆菌(BNCC187962) 北纳生物科技有限公司(北京);菊粉 河南优昂生物科技有限公司;其他化学试剂均为国产分析纯。
SX-300型蒸汽灭菌器 天美(中国)科学仪器有限公司;NAI-CS900超声波细胞破碎仪 上海那艾精密仪器有限公司。
将麦麸干燥后粉碎并过筛,按1:10 g/mL的料液比加入石油醚提取6 h,悬浮液以4000 r/min离心15 min(重复3次),收集滤饼晾干,粉碎后过60目筛,密封保存备用。
脱脂麦麸中含有一定量的淀粉(约13%)和蛋白质(约10%)[15],为了提高最终产物膳食纤维含量,参考张媛媛等[16]方法,分别利用α-淀粉酶和碱性蛋白酶去除脱脂麦麸中的淀粉和蛋白质。具体制备方法如下:脱脂麦麸按照1:10 g/mL的料液比加蒸馏水混合均匀,随后依次加入0.6%的α-淀粉酶(60 ℃,pH6.5)和0.4%的碱性蛋白酶(52 ℃,pH9),分别水解1 h后,沸水浴灭酶10 min。冷却至室温后,以4400 r/min离心15 min。沉淀即未改性的麦麸不可溶性膳食纤维(unmodified insoluble dietary fiber,U-IDF)。将上清液浓缩至原来的1/3体积,添加4倍95%乙醇溶液,醇沉12 h后离心。沉淀物经冷冻干燥后得到未改性的麦麸可溶性膳食纤维(unmodified soluble dietary fiber,U-SDF)。
参照孙静等[17]和赵匀淑等[18]的试验方法并进行适当修改。脱脂麦麸按照1:10 g/mL的料液比加蒸馏水混匀,置于高压灭菌锅中。在一定温度下处理一段时间,反应结束后冷却,依次加入0.6% α-淀粉酶酶解(60 ℃,pH6.5)和0.4%的碱性蛋白酶(52 ℃,pH9)各进行水解1 h后灭酶10 min。经过超声处理一定时间后,调节溶液pH至4.8,在50 ℃条件下加入适量纤维素酶与半纤维素酶进行复合酶解。酶解完成后,沸水浴10 min灭酶,后续操作同1.2.2,最终获得改性后的麦麸不溶性膳食纤维(modified insoluble dietary fiber,M-IDF)和可溶性膳食纤维(modified soluble dietary fiber,M-SDF)。
脱脂麦麸按照1:10 g/mL的料液比加蒸馏水混合,设定蒸煮时间为30 min,考察蒸煮温度(110、115、120、125和130 ℃)对SDF得率的影响;在蒸煮温度为120 ℃的条件下,探究蒸煮时间(10、20、30、40和50 min)对SDF得率的作用。
在1.2.4中所得的高温蒸煮改性条件基础上继续进行超声复合酶法改性研究。
在料液比固定为1:10 g/mL、超声时间9 min、超声温度35 ℃、复合酶配比1:1、复合酶添加量1.5%的条件下,研究不同超声功率(270、360、450、540和630 W)对SDF得率的影响。
在料液比固定为1:10 g/mL、超声功率540 W、超声温度35 ℃、复合酶配比1:1、复合酶添加量1.5%的条件下,研究不同超声时间(5、7、9、11和13 min)对SDF得率的影响。
在料液比固定为1:10 g/mL、超声功率540 W、超声时间9 min、复合酶配比1:1、复合酶添加量1.5%的条件下,研究不同超声温度(25、30、35、40和45 ℃)对SDF得率的影响。
在料液比固定为1:10 g/mL、超声功率540 W、超声时间9 min、超声温度40 ℃、复合酶添加量1.5%的条件下,研究不同复合酶配比(3:1、2:1、1:1、1:2和1:3)对SDF得率的影响。
在料液比固定为1:10 g/mL、超声功率540 W、超声时间9 min、超声温度40 ℃、复合酶配比1:1的条件下,研究不同复合酶添加量(0.5%、1%、1.5%、2.0%和2.5%)对SDF得率的影响。
采用Design-Expert软件Plackett-Burman试验,对超声复合酶解过程中各个因子进行评价,以量化各因素对响应值的主效应,快速判断影响显著的因素[19]。建立N=12的试验,以麦麸SDF得率为响应值,对超声功率(A)、超声温度(B)、超声时间(C)、复合酶配比(D)、复合酶添加量(E)5个因素进行考察,试验设计见表1。
在Plackett-Burman试验的基础上,通过最陡爬坡试验对关键因素进行优化,快速确定其最优区域,减少试验次数和资源消耗,为后续响应面试验提供精准参数范围。最陡爬坡试验能够显著提高研究效率和模型准确性。
根据最陡爬坡试验结果分析,利用Design-Expert软件设计响应面试验,建立三因素三水平的试验模型,以麦麸SDF得率为响应值。试验设计见表2。
脱脂麦麸经过改性处理,离心、上清液浓缩醇沉后,冷冻干燥得到SDF。SDF得率计算公式如下式(1)所示。
$\rm SDF得率(\text{%})= \frac{SDF质量}{脱脂麦麸质量}\times 100 $
参考姜永超等[20]方法适当调整后,取0.5 g改性前后样品置于离心管中,加入25 mL蒸馏水,在恒温条件下振荡1 h,随后以4000 r/min离心20 min,倒出上清液后记录样品湿重。持水力按公式(2)计算。
$\rm 持水力(g/g)= \frac{{m_1 - m}}{m} $
式中:m1为样品湿重,g;m为样品干重,g。
参考Li等[21]方法适当调整后,取0.5 g改性前后样品置于离心管中与10 mL花生油混匀,静置1 h。然后用4000 r/min离心10 min,除去上面的花生油,称量沉淀。持油力按公式(3)计算。
$\rm 持油力(g/g)= \frac{{m_2 - m}}{m} $
式中:m2为样品湿重,g;m为样品干重,g。
参考袁梦等[22]方法适当调整后,取0.5 g改性前后样品置于量筒中,加入8 mL蒸馏水,静置吸水24 h。膨胀力按公式(4)计算。
$\rm 膨胀力(mL/g)= \frac{{V_1 - V}}{m} $
式中:V1为膨胀后体积,mL;V为膨胀前体积,mL;m为样品干重,g。
参考Wei等[23]方法适当调整。将嗜酸乳杆菌和长双歧杆菌分别从冻存管接种至液体MRS培养基,37 ℃厌氧条件下培养24 h,再传代2次使菌种活化。将1 mL活化的嗜酸乳杆菌和长双歧杆菌分别接种于无碳灭菌的MRS培养基中,并加入1%葡萄糖、菊粉或不同改性方法的膳食纤维作为唯一碳源,在37 ℃厌氧条件下培养。以无碳培养基作为对照组。在培养54 h内每6 h采集一次菌液,测定OD600值并绘制生长曲线。
采用共沉淀法测定益生菌的黏附力[24]。用中性PBS缓冲液将嗜酸乳杆菌和长双歧杆菌稀释至107 cfu/mL。将2 mL菌悬液与20 mg膳食纤维样品混合,作为实验组。只含样品不含菌悬液的组作为对照组。仅含菌悬液的组作为空白组。分别在37 ℃培养10 min,室温开始沉淀。从样品底部吸取3 mL溶液,分别于20、40、60、80 min在540 nm处测量吸光度。益生菌黏附力按公式(5)计算。
$\rm 黏附力百分比(\text{%})= \left(1-\frac{A_2-A_1}{A_0}\right)\times 100 $
式中:A1为含膳食纤维样品和菌悬液的实验组的吸收度;A2为只含膳食纤维样品不含菌悬液的对照组的吸收度;A0为只含菌悬液的空白组的吸收度。
各组试验均作3次平行,试验结果用“均值±标准差”进行表示。采用SPSS 26软件进行显著性分析,P<0.05表示差异显著;利用Design-Expert 13中的Plackett-Burman和Box-Behnken方法进行模型建立与分析;使用Origin 2022进行绘图。
由图1A可以看出,在蒸煮温度110~120 ℃范围内,SDF得率显著(P<0.05)增高且在高温蒸煮温度为120 ℃时达到峰值,含量为24.51%±0.49%。这一现象可能与膳食纤维中部分氢键断裂有关[25]。蒸煮温度在120~125 ℃时,SDF得率下降。这主要是由于蒸煮温度过高会破坏SDF的结构,使得乙醇沉淀困难,从而导致得率下降。随着蒸煮温度的增加,SDF得率呈上升趋势后下降这一现象与季佳琪等[26]利用高温蒸煮法改性葡萄皮SDF的研究报道结果相似。在125~130 ℃得率略有上升,这可能是因为125 ℃时部分化学键的断裂可能导致SDF的进一步降解,从而降低了SDF得率。在130 ℃时温度升高可能进一步促进了化学键的断裂,使得更多的膳食纤维成分得以释放,从而导致SDF得率再次上升[27]。实验结果表明,120 ℃时SDF得率显著高于130 ℃(P<0.05)。基于安全性和能耗的考虑,选择120 ℃作为最佳蒸煮温度。
由图1B可以看出,SDF得率随高温蒸煮时间的增加而先增大后减小。在蒸煮时间30 min时SDF得率最高为24.51%±0.33%。蒸煮时间超过30 min后,SDF得率开始下降。这可能是由于短时间内高温蒸煮加速细胞结构打开,但长时间高温蒸煮会导致多糖链分子内作用减弱,进而破坏SDF结构[28]。张向辉等[29]在利用高温蒸煮改性绿豆皮膳食纤维的研究中也发现随着蒸煮时间的延长,其SDF得率先升高后降低。
根据图2A可以看出,在超声功率从270 W提高到540 W后,SDF得率从32.10%±0.03%增至33.18%±0.05%,但超声功率超过540 W后SDF得率下降到32.80%±0.04%。SDF得率随超声功率的增大呈现先升高后降低的趋势,与卜智斌等[30]在马蹄渣中提取膳食纤维的研究结果一致。这主要是因为超声的空化作用会破坏底物细胞结构,促使IDF中的化学键发生断裂,提高目标物质的溶出率[31]。但是,过高的超声强度会使溶出的组分进一步被分解成小分子,而不能被乙醇沉淀[32]。
根据图2B可以看出,超声时间在5~9 min范围内时,SDF得率呈上升趋势,在9 min时达到峰值32.91%±0.02%。超声时间超过9 min后SDF得率显著下降(P<0.05)。这可能是超声时间较短时,麦麸SDF未能充分溶出;但超声时间过长会导致剪切作用等增大使分子分散、体系黏度增大,传质阻力增加[33],从而降低SDF得率。这一趋势与张孟凡等[34]的研究一致,其在红枣渣膳食纤维提取中也观察到随着超声时间增加,SDF得率先升后降的现象。
根据图2C可以看出,超声温度在25~40 ℃范围内时,SDF得率呈上升趋势,在40 ℃时达到峰值32.71%±0.05%。然而,当超声温度超过40 ℃后,SDF得率下降。这是因为适当的升高温度能加速粒子运动促进大分子的溶解进而提高得率;过高的温度可能会使分子结构破裂导致得率下降[35−36]。
根据图3A可以看出,当纤维素酶与半纤维素酶的复合比例达到1:1时,SDF得率达到最大。纤维素酶能够破坏β-(1,4)糖苷键,从而瓦解细胞壁结构,将IDF转化为SDF;而半纤维素酶与纤维素酶协同作用,可分解细胞壁中的β-葡聚糖等成分,适量使用可增强破壁效果[37]。随着半纤维素酶的数量增加,更多的半纤维素被转化为可溶性物质,这进一步提高了SDF得率;但是,当半纤维素酶的含量超出正常范围时,由于可溶性半纤维素分解成小分子低聚糖的速率已经超越了其生成的速率,这进一步导致SDF得率降低。
由图3B可以看出,随着复合酶添加量增加SDF得率先上升,从复合酶添加量为0.5%时SDF得率30.33%±0.03%逐步提升至复合酶添加量为1.5%时SDF得率32.88%±0.05%,并在添加量为2.0%时达到峰值33.13%±0.04%。SDF得率提高可能是因为更多的酶与底物结合,使酶解反应更彻底,促进SDF的释放[38]。SDF得率下降可能是因为酶过量导致SDF被过度水解[31]。
在超声复合酶法改性工艺优化研究中,本研究首先通过Plackett-Burman试验设计从超声功率、超声温度、超声时间、复合酶配比和复合酶添加量五个因素中筛选出三个关键因素。随后,利用最陡爬坡试验对这三个关键因素的最优范围进行优化,为后续响应面试验提供精准区间,从而提升研究效率和模型准确性[39]。采用Design-Expert 13软件的Lenth法对表3中的Plackett-Burman试验结果进行分析[40],得到因素标准化效应的半正态概率效应图和帕累托图(图4),回归分析结果见表4。
如图4A所示,因素A、C、E的标准化效应点离拟合线较远,表明这些因素对结果具有显著影响(P<0.05)。图4B进一步证实,因素A、C、E的t值均超过显著性阈值,说明超声功率、超声温度和复合酶添加量是影响SDF得率的主要因素,而其他因素的影响较小。根据表4的数据,模型的P值为0.0007(P<0.01),表明模型具有极高的显著性,能够准确拟合整个回归区域;决定系数R2为0.9511,表明模型与试验数据之间具有较高的相关性;校正决定系数R2adj为0.9104,说明模型能够解释91.04%的试验数据变异性,表明试验结果具有较高的可靠性和精确性;精密度(Adeq Precision)达到13.59,显著高于4.0的合理阈值,表明模型的信噪比处于理想水平。经由对相关数据开展多元回归拟合操作,进而得出回归方程Y=31.68−0.5092A−0.0825B+0.5292C−0.1407D+0.5348E。
根据回归方程,因素C的偏回归系数为0.5292,表明因素C和E对麦麸SDF得率具有正效应,即随着C和E的增加,SDF得率呈上升趋势;而因素A表现为负效应。由于因素C的影响最为显著,因此以C为爬坡单位进行优化。
A(超声功率)步长=$ \dfrac{{0.5092}}{{0.5292}} \times \dfrac{{630 - 450}}{2} $=86.6 W,根据试验实际取为90 W。
C(超声温度)步长=$ \dfrac{{0.5292}}{{0.5292}} \times \dfrac{{45 - 35}}{2} $=5 ℃
E(复合酶添加量)步长=$ \dfrac{{0.5348}}{{0.5292}} \times \dfrac{{2.5 - 1.5}}{2} $=0.51%,根据试验实际取为0.5%。
根据试验设计的步长安排,试验结果如表5所示。在处理2中,SDF得率达到最大值,因此将其作为响应面试验的中心点进行后续优化。
根据前期试验结果,本研究以超声功率、超声温度和复合酶添加量为自变量,SDF得率为响应值,设计了三因素三水平的响应面优化试验,具体方案及试验结果见表6。利用Design-Expert 13软件对表6数据进行分析,拟合得到二次回归方程Y=34.32−0.0035A−0.0317B+0.0557C+0.0495AB−0.0675AC+0.0510BC−0.2680A2−0.0945B2−0.3125C2。
根据表7的方差分析结果,回归模型极显著(P<0.001),且失拟项不显著(P>0.05),表明模型拟合良好。模型的决定系数R2=0.9926,校正决定系数R2adj=0.9831,说明模型能够解释98.31%的响应值变异性,适用于麦麸SDF得率的分析与预测。在因素分析中,一次项B(超声温度)和C(复合酶添加量)对SDF得率影响显著,而A(超声功率)不显著;交互项AB、AC、BC及二次项A2、B2、C2对响应值均表现出显著影响,表明各因素与响应值之间并非简单的线性关系。各因素的影响程度排序为:C>B>A,即复合酶添加量>超声温度>超声功率。如图5所示,与AB、BC相比,交互项AC对响应值影响的响应曲线变化更显著,说明复合酶添加量与超声功率的交互作用对SDF得率的影响更为突出,这与回归方程的方差分析结果一致。
通过Design-Expert软件对模型进行优化分析,得到最佳工艺条件为超声功率469.60 W、超声温度41.76 ℃、复合酶添加量2.72%,此时模型预测的麦麸SDF得率为34.19%。结合实际操作条件,将工艺参数调整为超声功率450 W、超声温度45 ℃、复合酶添加量2.5%,进行验证试验后测得麦麸SDF得率为34.31%±0.08%。试验结果与模型预测值接近,表明该模型能够有效预测实际提取效果,可用于优化麦麸可溶性膳食纤维的提取工艺。
持水能力、持油能力和膨胀力是膳食纤维的重要物理化学特性,也是评价膳食纤维功能性质主要指标之一[41]。较高的持水性和膨胀性能不仅可以有效避免食品脱水收缩,还能增强饱腹感,促进肠道蠕动,帮助加快粪便排出[42]。此外,优良的持油性能够增强食品的乳化稳定性,有效抑制脂肪的流出。由表8可知,改性后的SDF和IDF的持水力分别比未改性的高1.75倍和1.15倍;改性后的SDF和IDF的持油力分别比未改性的高1.57倍和1.28倍;改性后的SDF和IDF的膨胀力分别比未改性的高1.36倍和1.09倍。M-SDF和M-IDF持水力、持油力以及膨胀力的提升,可能归因于改性处理增加了膳食纤维的孔隙度和表面张力,并扩大了其与水分子的接触面积[43]。这使得水分子能够更深入地渗透到纤维结构中,从而增强了持水力和膨胀力。同时,增大的孔隙度和比表面积为物理包油提供了更有利的条件,进而提升了持油能力[44]。
嗜酸乳杆菌和长双歧杆菌是维持人体肠道健康的关键益生菌[45]。嗜酸乳杆菌能够附着于肠道上皮细胞表面,形成生物屏障,有效抑制有害菌的黏附和入侵。长双歧杆菌也具有黏附肠道上皮细胞的能力,可在肠道上皮细胞表面形成一层保护膜,增强肠道屏障功能[46]。本研究利用嗜酸乳杆菌和长双歧杆菌在没有其他碳源的培养基中,测试改性与未改性膳食纤维作为碳源的能力,并比较了相同条件下葡萄糖或菊粉作为碳源时的生长曲线。由图6A、图6B可见,随时间延长,嗜酸乳杆菌和长双歧杆菌的OD600值呈上升趋势,表明两种菌在体外培养条件下不断生长繁殖,菌液中菌株数量相应增加。在以葡萄糖为碳源的培养基中,这两种菌在0~24 h内快速繁殖。SDF对嗜酸乳杆菌和长双歧杆菌的促生长作用较IDF更为显著(P<0.05)。SDF因其良好的水溶性可在水中形成黏性溶液,更易被嗜酸乳杆菌和长双歧杆菌接触利用;而IDF由于水溶性差,菌株难以直接分解,因而促增殖作用较弱。经改性处理的M-IDF相比未改性U-IDF显著提高了益生菌利用率(P<0.05),这一结果与尹立晨等[47]关于改性豆渣膳食纤维促进嗜酸乳杆菌和乳双歧杆菌增殖的研究一致。这可能是由于改性过程中产生的热效应与空化作用破坏了纤维结晶区,暴露出更多活性位点,从而为益生菌代谢提供了更多结合位点[48]。
细菌在基质表面的黏附对其增殖过程具有重要影响[49]。本研究分析了膳食纤维样品随着时间延长对嗜酸乳杆菌和长双歧杆菌的黏附力影响。由图7A、图7B可知,未改性与改性后的膳食纤维对嗜酸乳杆菌和长双歧杆菌的黏附力总体呈现先增加后略有下降的趋势。改性后SDF在黏附时间为60 min时对嗜酸乳杆菌和长双歧杆菌的最大黏附率可达65.1%±0.5%和65.3%±0.6%。SDF对嗜酸乳杆菌和长双歧杆菌的黏附力高于IDF。这可能是由于SDF 具有较好的水溶性,能在溶液中形成较为疏松的网络结构,这种结构为益生菌提供了更多的附着位点。M-IDF对嗜酸乳杆菌和长双歧杆菌的黏附力高于U-IDF,这一结果与Jiang等[11]采用超声-微波协同改性玉米皮IDF的研究结论一致,均表明改性处理能有效提升膳食纤维对益生菌的黏附能力,这可能是与M-IDF经过改性处理暴露了一些与IDF黏附相关的蛋白质[50]。实验结果表明,高温联合超声复合酶解改性能有效提升膳食纤维的益生菌黏附力。这一改性方式可能改变了膳食纤维的结构与表面性质,使其表面更利于益生菌附着,为后续开发具有更高益生菌承载能力的膳食纤维产品提供了理论依据,有助于优化膳食纤维在食品、保健品等领域的应用。
本研究通过单因素实验、Plackett-Burman试验及Box-Behnken试验设计,优化了高温蒸煮联合超声复合酶法改性麦麸膳食纤维的工艺条件。最佳工艺参数为:料液比1:10 g/mL,高温蒸煮温度120 ℃、时间30 min,超声功率450 W、时间9 min、温度45 ℃,复合酶配比1:1,复合酶添加量2.5%(w/w)。在此条件下,麦麸SDF得率提升至34.31%±0.08%。改性后的麦麸SDF和IDF在持水力、持油力和膨胀力方面均显著优于未改性样品,同时显著增强了嗜酸乳杆菌和长双歧杆菌的生长促进能力及黏附能力。结果表明,高温蒸煮联合超声复合酶法是一种高效提升SDF得率并显著改善SDF和IDF功能特性的改性方法,为麦麸膳食纤维作为益生元在健康食品中的应用提供了理论支持。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020204
  • 接收时间:2025-02-26
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-26
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    1黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院,黑龙江大庆 163319
    2粮食副产物加工与利用教育部工程研究中心,黑龙江大庆 163319
    3黑龙江八一农垦大学国家杂粮工程技术研究中心,黑龙江大庆 163319
    4黑龙江省农产品加工与质量安全重点实验室,黑龙江大庆 163319
    5黑龙江省北大荒米业集团有限公司,黑龙江哈尔滨 150090

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王俊彤(1987−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:粮食副产物加工及蛋白质功能因子开发,E-mail:。
胡昊(1976−),男,硕士,高级农艺师,研究方向:粮食加工;E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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