Article(id=1320889453086884684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320889172802515656, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010188, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737388800000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854186555, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1768406400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854186555, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854186555, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854186555, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320889172802515656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='514', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768406400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854119730, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854119730, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=249, endPage=257, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889453330154317, articleId=1320889453086884684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Extraction, Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Activity of Floccularia luteovirens Phenolic Compounds, columnId=1261343843090313538, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Processing Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to investigate the optimal extraction conditions for phenolic compounds from Floccularia luteovirens and to analyze their antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities. The extraction process for phenolic compounds from Floccularia luteovirens was optimized using response surface methodology, and their in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities were investigated. The optimal extraction conditions for phenolic compounds were found to be an ethanol concentration of 48.19%, a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:38 g/mL, and an ultrasound time of 35.70 minutes, resulting in a yield of 7.74±0.24 mg/g. The IC50 for DPPH radical scavenging was 43.85 μg/mL, the ABTS+ scavenging capacity was 7.81 mmol/g Trolox, and the FRAP ferric ion reduction capacity was 1.58 mmol/g FeSO4. In vitro hypoglycemic assays, the phenolic compounds from Floccularia luteovirens exhibited an IC50 of 2.79 mg/mL for α-amylase inhibition and an IC50 of 9.85 mg/mL for α-glucosidase inhibition. In conclusion, the phenolic compounds from Floccularia luteovirens demonstrate excellent antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities, indicating their strong potential for development.

, authors=Qin QIN1, Qingyong ZHU1, Shuai YANG1, Qihe CHEN2, Mingzhu MA3, Jiali YU1, Zhengjie LIU1, 2, *, Yadong ZHAO1, *, authorsList=Qin QIN, Qingyong ZHU, Shuai YANG, Qihe CHEN, Mingzhu MA, Jiali YU, Zhengjie LIU, Yadong ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhengjie LIU, Yadong ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889454647165784, articleId=1320889453086884684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质的提取、抗氧化与降血糖活性, columnId=1261343845481066826, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=工艺技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质最佳提取工艺,分析其抗氧化和降血糖活性。本研究通过响应面试验法优化黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质最佳提取工艺,并研究了黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质的体外抗氧化、降血糖活性。结果表明:酚类物质最佳工艺为乙醇浓度48.19%,料液比1:38 g/mL,超声时间35.70 min,在此条件下酚类物质得率为7.74±0.24 mg/g。对DPPH自由基清除率IC50为43.85 μg/mL,对ABTS+自由基清除率为7.81 mmol/g Trolox,对FRAP铁离子还原能力为1.58 mmol/g FeSO4。在体外降血糖试验中,黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质对α-淀粉酶抑制率IC50为2.79 mg/mL,对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率IC50为9.85 mg/mL。综上,黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质优异的抗氧化和降血糖活性表明其具有良好开发潜力。

, authors=秦琴1, 朱青永1, 杨帅1, 陈启和2, 马明珠3, 余佳莉1, 刘政捷1, 2, *, 赵亚东1, *, authorsList=秦琴, 朱青永, 杨帅, 陈启和, 马明珠, 余佳莉, 刘政捷, 赵亚东, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘政捷, 赵亚东, authorNote=

秦琴(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品活性物质,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘政捷(1986−),男,博士,讲师,研究方向:食品活性物质,E-mail:。
赵亚东(1985−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:天然多糖、海洋生物材料,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=G+dU3fQ76tQeC5Pn5wuvyQ==, magXml=ggig+BVKmCkEBHVg5HixCw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=FPLiT+kBGsFP4dj/SLEBAA==, pdfFileSize=14897582, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=ZofunH1uedWfjup4Xf079w==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=gxzRdNMlQVDTszAz8noSpw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320889456660431715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889453086884684, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1523487317@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320889456727540581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889453086884684, authorId=1320889456660431715, language=EN, stringName=Qin QIN, firstName=Qin, middleName=null, lastName=QIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320889456803038054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889453086884684, authorId=1320889456660431715, language=CN, stringName=秦琴, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1浙江海洋大学食品与药学学院,浙江舟山 316022, bio={"content":"

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Food and Fermentation Industries, 2023, 49(19): 190−198.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320889466877756389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889453086884684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=60, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DAI M T, SONG J, YU X, et al. The phytochemical profiling, antioxidant capacity, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition abilities of different parts of Paeonia suffruticosa ‘Hai Huang’[J]. 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注:各指标中不同小写英文字母表示差异显著(P<0.05);图3~图5同。

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Response surface test factors and level design

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因素水平
−101
A乙醇浓度(%)405060
B料液比(g/mL)1:301:401:50
C超声时间(min)304050
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响应面试验因素水平设计

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因素水平
−101
A乙醇浓度(%)405060
B料液比(g/mL)1:301:401:50
C超声时间(min)304050
), ArticleFig(id=1320889461622293411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889453086884684, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Response surface test design and results

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实验号A乙醇浓度
(%)
B料液比
(g/mL)
C超声时间
(min)
Y提取量
(mg/g)
16050406.32
24040307.24
34040506.21
45040407.66
55040407.68
66030406.09
75030506.73
85050506.91
95050306.78
104050406.21
115040407.88
124030406.93
135040407.72
145040407.70
156040506.59
166040306.55
175030307.20
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响应面试验设计及结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验号A乙醇浓度
(%)
B料液比
(g/mL)
C超声时间
(min)
Y提取量
(mg/g)
16050406.32
24040307.24
34040506.21
45040407.66
55040407.68
66030406.09
75030506.73
85050506.91
95050306.78
104050406.21
115040407.88
124030406.93
135040407.72
145040407.70
156040506.59
166040306.55
175030307.20
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Anova for regression equations

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方差来源自由度平方和均方F值P值显著性
模型95.6870.63238.954<0.0001**
A10.1350.1358.3340.0234*
B10.0670.0664.1060.0823
C10.2210.22113.6300.0077**
AB10.2260.22613.9080.0074**
AC10.2860.28617.6440.0040**
BC10.090.095.5480.0507
A212.6882.688165.699<0.0001**
B211.2351.23476.107<0.0001**
C210.3330.33420.5680.0027**
残差70.1140.016
失拟项30.0830.0270.1254
纯误差40.031
总离差165.801
R295.687
矫正R210.135
变异系数(%)10.066
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回归方程的方差分析

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方差来源自由度平方和均方F值P值显著性
模型95.6870.63238.954<0.0001**
A10.1350.1358.3340.0234*
B10.0670.0664.1060.0823
C10.2210.22113.6300.0077**
AB10.2260.22613.9080.0074**
AC10.2860.28617.6440.0040**
BC10.090.095.5480.0507
A212.6882.688165.699<0.0001**
B211.2351.23476.107<0.0001**
C210.3330.33420.5680.0027**
残差70.1140.016
失拟项30.0830.0270.1254
纯误差40.031
总离差165.801
R295.687
矫正R210.135
变异系数(%)10.066
), ArticleFig(id=1320889461945254823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889453086884684, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Antioxidant activity of phenolic substances

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ABTS+自由基清除活性FRAP铁离子还原活性
标准曲线y=-0.354x+1.7572
(R2=0.9911)
y=0.3345x+0.0785
(R2=0.9943)
当量值7.81 mmol/g Trolox1.58 mmol/g FeSO4
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酚类物质抗氧化活性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ABTS+自由基清除活性FRAP铁离子还原活性
标准曲线y=-0.354x+1.7572
(R2=0.9911)
y=0.3345x+0.0785
(R2=0.9943)
当量值7.81 mmol/g Trolox1.58 mmol/g FeSO4
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黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质的提取、抗氧化与降血糖活性
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秦琴 1 , 朱青永 1 , 杨帅 1 , 陈启和 2 , 马明珠 3 , 余佳莉 1 , 刘政捷 1, 2, * , 赵亚东 1, *
食品工业科技 | 工艺技术 2026,47(2): 249-257
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食品工业科技 |工艺技术 2026 , 47 (2) : 249 -257
黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质的提取、抗氧化与降血糖活性
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秦琴1 , 朱青永1, 杨帅1, 陈启和2, 马明珠3, 余佳莉1, 刘政捷1, 2, * , 赵亚东1, *
作者信息
  • 1浙江海洋大学食品与药学学院,浙江舟山 316022
  • 2浙江大学生物系统工程与食品科学学院,浙江杭州 310058
  • 3浙江省海洋开发研究院,浙江舟山 316000
通讯作者:
刘政捷(1986−),男,博士,讲师,研究方向:食品活性物质,E-mail:。
赵亚东(1985−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:天然多糖、海洋生物材料,E-mail:。
作者简介:

秦琴(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品活性物质,E-mail:

Extraction, Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Activity of Floccularia luteovirens Phenolic Compounds
Qin QIN1 , Qingyong ZHU1, Shuai YANG1, Qihe CHEN2, Mingzhu MA3, Jiali YU1, Zhengjie LIU1, 2, * , Yadong ZHAO1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
  • 2College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
  • 3Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, Zhoushan 316000, China
出版时间: 2026-01-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010188
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为探究黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质最佳提取工艺,分析其抗氧化和降血糖活性。本研究通过响应面试验法优化黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质最佳提取工艺,并研究了黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质的体外抗氧化、降血糖活性。结果表明:酚类物质最佳工艺为乙醇浓度48.19%,料液比1:38 g/mL,超声时间35.70 min,在此条件下酚类物质得率为7.74±0.24 mg/g。对DPPH自由基清除率IC50为43.85 μg/mL,对ABTS+自由基清除率为7.81 mmol/g Trolox,对FRAP铁离子还原能力为1.58 mmol/g FeSO4。在体外降血糖试验中,黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质对α-淀粉酶抑制率IC50为2.79 mg/mL,对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率IC50为9.85 mg/mL。综上,黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质优异的抗氧化和降血糖活性表明其具有良好开发潜力。

黄绿卷毛菇  /  酚类物质  /  工艺优化  /  超声辅助提取  /  抗氧化  /  降血糖

This study aimed to investigate the optimal extraction conditions for phenolic compounds from Floccularia luteovirens and to analyze their antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities. The extraction process for phenolic compounds from Floccularia luteovirens was optimized using response surface methodology, and their in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities were investigated. The optimal extraction conditions for phenolic compounds were found to be an ethanol concentration of 48.19%, a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:38 g/mL, and an ultrasound time of 35.70 minutes, resulting in a yield of 7.74±0.24 mg/g. The IC50 for DPPH radical scavenging was 43.85 μg/mL, the ABTS+ scavenging capacity was 7.81 mmol/g Trolox, and the FRAP ferric ion reduction capacity was 1.58 mmol/g FeSO4. In vitro hypoglycemic assays, the phenolic compounds from Floccularia luteovirens exhibited an IC50 of 2.79 mg/mL for α-amylase inhibition and an IC50 of 9.85 mg/mL for α-glucosidase inhibition. In conclusion, the phenolic compounds from Floccularia luteovirens demonstrate excellent antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities, indicating their strong potential for development.

Floccularia luteovirens  /  phenolic compounds  /  process optimization  /  ultrasonic-assisted extraction  /  antioxidant  /  hypoglycemic
秦琴, 朱青永, 杨帅, 陈启和, 马明珠, 余佳莉, 刘政捷, 赵亚东. 黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质的提取、抗氧化与降血糖活性. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (2) : 249 -257 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010188
Qin QIN, Qingyong ZHU, Shuai YANG, Qihe CHEN, Mingzhu MA, Jiali YU, Zhengjie LIU, Yadong ZHAO. Extraction, Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Activity of Floccularia luteovirens Phenolic Compounds[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (2) : 249 -257 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010188
黄绿卷毛菇(Floccularia luteovirens)是生长在青藏高原上的珍稀食药用菌[1]。其药用价值在唐代就有记载,藏医书籍《四部医典》记载了它具有消除肿胀和治疗颈项僵硬的效果[2]。在现代,祁连山牧民还认为它有治疗感冒的效果。目前诸多研究表明,黄绿卷毛菇作为一种珍稀的食药用菌,其营养价值及食用价值极高。黄绿卷毛菇含有多糖[3]、Melleolides[4−5]、麦角硫因[6]、凝集素[7]、甾醇类化合物[8]、核苷类化合物[8]、活性肽[9]等活性物质。酚类物质具有多种生物活性,但在已报道的研究性论文中,对黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质的研究还未见到,因此展开对黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质的研究。
酚类物质被称为天然的抗氧化剂,抗氧化性是酚类的主要生物活性[10]。柴林山等[11]研究发现红托竹荪菌托富含多酚物质,且具有较好抗氧化活性。王艳[12]从六妹羊肚菌子实体中制备的多酚具有较强的抗氧化活性,可以发挥抗CRC效应,被认为是一种有益生效应的多酚物质。许嘉文等[13]研究发现金花茶多酚溶液具有显著清除超氧阴离子自由基、DPPH自由基及ABTS阳离子自由基的能力,且随着多酚浓度的提升,其抗氧化活性明显提高。有研究报道,酚类物质具有降血糖活性,对预防机体糖尿病、心脑血管等慢性疾病具有良好的应用前景[14]。王安建等[15]发现纯化前后的香菇柄多酚均能够抑制α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性,且纯化后多酚对两种酶的抑制活性显著提高,表明香菇柄多酚具有一定降血糖活性。周芷聿[16]发现姬松茸多酚具有良好的自由基清除能力和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。
酚类物质的提取方法有很多,如溶剂提取法、超声波提取法、微波提取法以及酶辅助提取法等[17]。超声辅助提取能促进种子水合、破坏细胞壁以增强传质,且不影响多酚结构,从而显著提升提取效率[18]。超声辅助萃取利用高频声波(>20 kHz)产生的空化效应,通过气泡塌陷时的高剪切力实现高效提取[19]。刘芸等[20]利用超声辅助提取法提取辣木叶酚类物质,发现在乙醇浓度80%、料液比1:30、超声时间52 min、超声温度51 ℃条件下酚类物质含量最高。Sun等[21]利用超声辅助提取槟榔种子多酚,发现在超声功率87 W,乙醇浓度65%,提取温度62 ℃,提取时间153 min),槟榔籽多酚实际提取率为139.62 mg/g。
本实验室在前期实验中发现黄绿卷毛菇子实体中主要包含阿魏酸(ferulic acid)、对香豆酸(p-coumaric acid)、4-羟基苯甲酸乙酯(ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate)、4-羟基苯甲酸(4-hydroxybenzoic acid)等4种酚类物质,并且在预实验中发现黄绿卷毛菇中粗提的酚类物质具有一定的抗氧化和降血糖活性。因此,本研究在此基础上采用单因素实验和响应面法优化超声辅助提取黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质的工艺参数,以及对DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基清除作用和FRAP铁离子还原能力评价抗氧化活性。通过对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制能力评价酚类物质的降血糖能力。研究结果为黄绿卷毛菇资源的高值化利用提供了理论依据。
黄绿卷毛菇 购自青海市祁连县;没食子酸、福林酚、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)、α-葡萄糖苷酶(7×105 U/mL)、α-淀粉酶(1×104 U/g)、对硝基苯基-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;ABTS试剂盒、FRAP试剂盒 南京建成生物工程研究所有限公司;其余试剂均为国产分析纯。
DZF-6050型电热鼓风干燥箱 上海一恒科学仪器有限公司;BSA224S-CW型电子分析天平 上海天平仪器技术有限公司;UA03型超声波清洗机 北京维根技术有限公司;N-1300S型旋转蒸发仪 东京理化器械株式会社;AB33PH-F型pH计 上海奥豪斯国际贸易有限公司;DNM-9602型酶标仪 北京普朗新技术有限公司;SH-WH5型恒温水浴锅 杭州申花科技有限公司。
参照Che等[22]的方法,稍作修改。黄绿卷毛菇经45 ℃干燥后粉碎过70目筛。称取1 g粉末以1:30料液比加入50%乙醇,50 ℃超声提取30 min,3000 r/min离心15 min后取上清液。
将黄绿卷毛菇粉末在乙醇浓度为50%,料液比1:30,超声时间30 min,超声温度50 ℃条件下,探究浸提次数1、2、3次对黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质含量的影响。
将黄绿卷毛菇粉末在浸提1次,料液比1:30,超声时间30 min,超声温度50 ℃条件下,探究乙醇浓度30%、40%、50%、60%、70%对黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质含量的影响。
将黄绿卷毛菇粉末在浸提1次,乙醇浓度50%,超声时间30 min,超声温度50 ℃条件下,探究料液比1:10、1:20、1:30、1:40、1:50对黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质含量的影响。
将黄绿卷毛菇粉末在浸提1次,乙醇浓度50%,料液比1:30,超声温度50 ℃条件下,探究超声时间10、20、30、40、50 min对黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质含量的影响。
将黄绿卷毛菇粉末在浸提1次,乙醇浓度50%,料液比1:30,超声时间30 min条件下,探究超声温度30、40、50、60、70 ℃对黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质含量的影响。
根据单因素实验结果,确定浸提次数为2次。根据剩余各因素对酚类物质提取量影响的大小选取其中影响较大的3个因素,利用Design Expert 10.0软件进行工艺优化设计及数据分析,并对设计结果进行验证,确定最佳提取条件。实验因素及水平如表1。
参考孙倩[23]的方法,略作修改。将0.1 mg/mL母液稀释至1~6 μg/mL梯度溶液,加入福林酚试剂和10%碳酸钠溶液,避光反应30 min后测定760 nm吸光度,建立标准曲线。
取1 mL黄绿卷毛菇提取液置于10 mL比色管中,蒸馏水定容,测定其吸光度,根据式(1)计算出酚类物质含量。
$\rm 酚类含量(\text{mg/g})=\frac{C\times{V}_{1}\times{V}_{3}}{{V}_{2}\times W} $
式中:C表示移取液浓度,mg/mL;V1表示移取液定容体积,mL;V2表示移取液体积,mL;V3表示提取液定容体积,mL;W表示子实体粉末质量,g。
参照杨静等[24]的方法,略作修改。用无水乙醇配制DPPH溶液(0.1 mmol/L),将10~60 μg/mL样品溶液与0.1 mmol/L DPPH溶液等体积混合,避光反应30 min后测定517 nm吸光度。以抗坏血酸为阳性对照,根据式(2)计算DPPH自由基清除率。
$ \rm \text{DPPH}清除率(\text{%})=\left[1-\frac{({A}_{1}-{A}_{2})}{{A}_{0}}\right]\times 100$
式中:A0表示DPPH溶液的吸光度;A1表示样品或阳性对照加DPPH溶液的吸光度;A2表示样品溶液的吸光度。
采用总抗氧化能力检测试剂盒(ABTS法)评价黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质ABTS+自由基清除能力。试验主要步骤参考说明书。以不同浓度的Trolox溶液作标准曲线测定黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质的ABTS+自由基清除能力,mmol/g Trolox。
采用总抗氧化能力检测试剂盒(FRAP法)评价黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质FRAP铁离子还原能力。将5 µL样液与180 µL工作液(检测缓冲液:基质液:底物液=10:1:1)混合,37 ℃避光反应5 min后测定593 nm吸光度。以FeSO4作为标准品,在0.15、0.3、0.6、0.9、1.2、1.5 mmol/L浓度下制作标准曲线,FRAP自由基清除能力的结果用FeSO4当量值表示。
参考王倩等[25]的方法,略作修改。取0.5 mL 1~3 mg/mL样品溶液与等体积0.5 U/mL酶液混合,37 ℃水浴15 min后加入1 mL 10 mg/mL淀粉溶液,继续反应10 min后加入1 mL DNS显色剂,沸水浴10 min后测定540 nm吸光度。以阿卡波糖为阳性对照,按标准方法设置对照组,按公式(3)计算抑制率,根据抑制曲线计算得到半抑制浓度(IC50值)。
$\rm 抑制率(\text{%})=\left(1-\frac{{A}_{1}-{A}_{2}}{{A}_{3}-{A}_{4}}\right)\times 100 $
式中:A1表示实验组吸光度值;A2表示背景组吸光度值;A3表示阴性对照组吸光度值;A4表示空白组。
参考杨成峻等[26]的方法,略作修改。用磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)配制1~5 mg/mL的样品溶液,将50 µL样品溶液与等体积1 U/mL酶液于96孔板中37 ℃反应10 min,加入50 µL 5 mmol/L对硝基苯基-α-D-吡喃半乳糖苷底物反应20 min后,用100 µL 1.0 mol/L 碳酸钠溶液终止反应,测定405 nm吸光度。以阿卡波糖为阳性对照。测定吸光度(405 nm),按式(4)计算抑制率。
$\rm 抑制率(\text{%})=\frac{{A}_{0}-{A}_{1}}{{A}_{0}}\times 100$
式中:A0表示空白对照的吸光度;A1表示样品或阳性对照的吸光度。
采用SPSS 20.0软件对数据进行差异显著性检验和相关性分析,Origin 2021软件作图。每个试验重复3次,数据以“均值±标准偏差”表示,P<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
由图1A可知,随着浸提次数的增加,酚类物质含量逐渐增加,浸提两次的酚类物质总含量为5.37 mg/g,比第一次约提高25.50%,浸提三次的酚类物质总含量为5.55 mg/g,仅比浸提两次提高了3.36%,无明显变化。根据之前研究[27],这是因为长时间的超声提取使酚类物质分子结构在提取过程中受到破坏,也可能是浸提两次已经把黄绿卷毛菇中大部分酚类物质提取出来。
由图1B所示,随着乙醇浓度增加,黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质含量逐渐增大,乙醇浓度为50%时,含量达到最高值5.51 mg/g,当乙醇浓度超过50%时,酚类物质含量骤降(P<0.05),这可能是因为乙醇浓度过高,可能会导致黄绿卷毛菇中的酚类物质结构遭到破坏,降低酚类的提取量;当乙醇体积分数过高时会导致溶剂极性更高,导致黄绿卷毛菇子实体中脂溶性杂质溶出,与酚类物质竞争同种溶剂,导致溶液中酚类化合物含量降低[28]。
如图1C所示,随着料液比中溶剂比例的增加,酚类物质的产率逐渐增加,在1:40 g/mL时达到最大值,为6.58 mg/g。液料比超过1:40 g/mL时,提取量开始降低(P<0.05),可能由于乙醇的体积占比较大,在超声过程中细胞壁破碎不完全,黄绿卷毛菇的溶解量降低[29]。
如图1D所示,随着超声时间的增加,提取液中酚类物质含量增加,在40 min时达到最大值6.21 mg/g(P<0.05)。这是因为随着时间的延长,黄绿卷毛菇酚类化合物迅速溶解,使总多酚含量逐渐增加[28]。当超声时间大于40 min时,酚类物质得率开始显著降低(P<0.05)。这可能是由于经过长时间超声,一些酚类物质分子结构被破坏,导致提取液中酚类物质含量下降[30]。
如图1E所示,提取液中酚类物质含量随着提取温度的升高而增加,在60 ℃时达到最大值。升温会增加酚类在乙醇中的溶解度,因为高温可以增强分子动能促进其从原料基质中解离,并加速扩散速率,从而提高提取率[31]。当温度达到70 ℃时,提取率明显下降,这主要是由于酚类是热敏性物质,容易被热氧化,导致提取率下降。
为了进一步提高提取率,以提取液中黄绿卷毛菇酚类含量作为响应值,以乙醇浓度、料液比、超声时间作为自变量,响应面试验设计及结果见表2。
将以上各因素进行回归拟合,得到如下回归方程:Y=7.73−0.13A−0.091B−0.17C+0.24AB+0.27AC+0.15BC−0.8A2−0.54B2−0.28C2。从表3可以看出,响应值模型P值小于0.05,表示该二次项方程模型显著,同时该模型失拟项P值大于0.05,说明模型失拟项不显著,可以较好的拟合实验数据。响应值可信度分析的模型决定系数R2为0.98,表示该模型相关度很好;变异系数为1.83%,表示该模型置信度较高,可以反映试验的真实性。综上所述,该回归模型对响应值的拟合程度较高,方程能够较好地反映响应值与自变量的关系。
从图2可知,随着乙醇浓度、超声时间的增加,料液比的降低,酚类含量呈现先增加后减少的趋势,通过F值可知,各因素对提取量的影响大小为:超声时间(C)>乙醇浓度(A)>料液比(B)。在交互项中,AB与BC对响应值的影响显著(P<0.05),说明乙醇浓度与料液比、料液比与超声时间两两因素交互作用对黄绿卷毛菇多酚含量的影响较大;在二次项中A2、B2对黄绿卷毛菇多酚含量均有极度显著影响(P<0.0001),二次项C2显著(P<0.05)。通过响应面试验优化得到最佳提取工艺为:乙醇浓度48.19%,料液比1:38 g/mL,超声时间35.70 min,预测得到的最高酚类含量为7.78 mg/g。
为了验证模型预测的准确性,在所得的最佳提取工艺条件下进行了黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质的提取实验。通过响应面试验优化得到最佳提取工艺为:乙醇浓度48.19%,料液比1:38 g/mL,超声时间35.70 min。考虑到实验可操作性,将上述最佳提取条件改为:乙醇浓度48%,料液比1:38 g/mL,超声时间36 min,实验平行重复三次,实际所测得的黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质含量为7.74±0.24 mg/g,与预测值7.78 mg/g基本一致,表明响应面实验优化得到的提取工艺参数可靠,具有实际应用价值。
DPPH法通过测定深紫色溶液(DPPH-乙醇)与抗氧化剂反应后的褪色程度(λmax=517 nm)来评估自由基清除活性,褪色程度与抗氧化能力呈正相关[32]。IC50定义为达到50% DPPH自由基清除率的抗氧化剂浓度,是抗氧化活性的重要指标[33]。如图3所示,随着黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质浓度的增大,对DPPH自由基的清除率逐渐上升。当浓度为50 μg/mL时,VC和样品的自由基清除率分别为93.14%、52.64%,IC50分别为10.12、43.85 μg/mL。样品IC50浓度高于阳性对照VC,表明其具有显著的自由基清除能力。酚类化合物分子结构中羟基的数量和位置在很大程度上决定了它们抗氧化性的强弱[34],试验结果表明,黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质具有较强的DPPH自由基清除能力,这可能与它的酚类组分结构有关。
ABTS+自由基清除率是一种常见的分析方法,用于评估食品、药物和生物样品中抗氧化剂的清除能力[35]。以不同浓度的Trolox溶液作标准曲线,以Trolox标准溶液浓度(mmol/L)为y轴,以测量的OD值为x轴,得到拟合标准曲线回归方程:y=−0.354x+1.7572(R2=0.9911)。如表4所示,计算得出样品的ABTS+自由基清除能力为7.81 mmol/g Trolox,表明黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质具有良好的ABTS+自由基清除能力。
FRAP法通过测定样品还原Fe3+为Fe2+的能力来评价其抗氧化活性[36]。以FeSO4为标准品制作标准曲线,以标准液浓度(mmol/L)为y轴,以测量的OD值为x轴,结果如表4,得到拟合标准曲线回归方程为:y=0.3345x+0.0785(R2=0.9943)。计算得出样品的FRAP铁离子还原能力为1.58 mmol/g FeSO4,表明黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质具有良好的铁离子还原能力。
α-淀粉酶抑制试验是评估物质抑制酶活性的重要方法,在降糖药物研发和食品工业中具有应用价值[37]。由图4可知,随着酚类化合物浓度增加,对α-淀粉酶抑制能力逐渐增强,在3 mg/mL时抑制率达52.92%,IC50为2.79 mg/mL,但其抑制活性弱于阿卡波糖。酚类化合物通过结合α-淀粉酶活性位点形成复合物,阻碍底物结合或改变酶构象,从而抑制酶活性[38],具体抑制类型分为竞争性抑制、非竞争性抑制、金属离子螯合和氧化还原作用等[39]。代嫚婷等[40]的研究结果表明,海黄牡丹不同部位的多酚对α-淀粉酶均具有较强抑制能力,并可能成为降血糖食品的新原料,本研究结果与之相吻合。
α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制试验用于评估化合物对该酶活性的影响,该酶催化糖苷键水解,调控血糖水平,是糖尿病治疗的重要靶点[41]。如图5所示,黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质对α-葡萄糖苷酶具有剂量依赖性抑制作用,但抑制效果明显低于阿卡波糖(浓度为1 mg/mL时,抑制率91.56%)。而黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质浓度超过3 mg/mL后抑制率无显著变化(P>0.05),在浓度为5 mg/mL条件下为35.98%,IC50为9.85 mg/mL。酚类化合物通过氢键、疏水作用、范德华力及螯合等分子相互作用与酶活性位点结合,改变其构象或动态特性,从而抑制酶活性[42]。不同的酚类化合物可能具有不同的结合位点和作用方式,这在抑制酶活性方面具有潜在的多样性和复杂性,这可能是黄绿卷毛菇酚类化合物对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制能力不显著的原因。
本文采用响应面法对超声辅助提取黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质进行工艺优化,得到最佳工艺参数为:乙醇浓度48%、料液比1:38 g/mL、超声时间36 min,此时黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质含量为7.74±0.24 mg/g。体外活性研究表明,黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质有较好的DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS+自由基清除能力和铁离子还原能力。在降血糖活性方面,黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质对α-淀粉酶抑制活性IC50为2.79 mg/mL,对α-葡萄糖苷酶的IC50为9.85 mg/mL。在其他食用菌酚类物质的研究中,Lentinula edodes提取物对DPPH自由基清除能力为IC50为48.30 μg/mL,其酚类物质主要是儿茶素和槲皮素[43]。Hericium erinaceus提取物对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性为IC50为0.47和0.63 mg/mL,其酚类物质主要是阿魏酸、没食子酸、肉桂酸、香草酸、3,4-二羟基苯甲酸[44]。黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质与上述两种食用菌有一定差异,从而引起了其抗氧化和抗血糖活性的不同。本研究优化了超声辅助提取工艺,并证实了黄绿卷毛菇酚类物质的抗氧化与抗血糖能力,有助于黄绿卷毛菇的深入研究和在食品领域中的应用。未来还可通过细胞模型或动物实验对抗血糖机制及抗炎、抑菌等活性进行研究。

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2026年第47卷第2期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010188
  • 接收时间:2025-01-21
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-21
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    1浙江海洋大学食品与药学学院,浙江舟山 316022
    2浙江大学生物系统工程与食品科学学院,浙江杭州 310058
    3浙江省海洋开发研究院,浙江舟山 316000

通讯作者:

刘政捷(1986−),男,博士,讲师,研究方向:食品活性物质,E-mail:。
赵亚东(1985−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:天然多糖、海洋生物材料,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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