Article(id=1320889394878337111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320889172802515656, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120277, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734883200000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854172676, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1768406400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854172676, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854172676, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854172676, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320889172802515656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='514', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768406400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854119730, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854119730, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=180, endPage=190, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889395062886488, articleId=1320889394878337111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Identification of Exopolysaccharide Biosynthetic Gene Clusters and Functional Transcriptome Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1, columnId=1261336275769016441, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Bioengineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective: This study focused on the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1 strain to investigate the structure–function relationship of its exopolysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis gene clusters (cps), thereby laying the foundation for further research into strain-specific characteristics of lactic acid bacteria EPS. Methods: Mutant strains WCFS1∆cps1-3 and WCFS1∆cps4 were constructed using Cre-loxP homologous recombination and CRISPR/Cas9 techniques. The growth characteristics, EPS yield, and monosaccharide composition of the mutant strains were analyzed using the wild-type strain as a control. Transcriptomic analysis was performed to examine the functional roles of differentially expressed genes in the WCFS1∆cps1-3 mutant under three distinct culture conditions. Results: The WCFS1∆cps4 mutant exhibited a greater reduction in EPS yield, dropping to 62.2% of the wild-type level. This was accompanied by slow growth, with the time to reach the stationary phase delayed from 12 h to 32 h. However, biomass remained unaffected. The monosaccharide composition of EPS showed significant changes in the WCFS1∆cps1-3 mutant, with mannose content increasing markedly to 32.68% and galactose content decreasing significantly to 3.83%, while rhamnose was undetectable. The number of significantly differentially expressed genes in the WCFS1∆cps1-3 mutant compared to that in the wild-type strain under varying culture conditions accounted for only 5.1% (upregulated) and 6.8% (downregulated) of those observed under MRS culture conditions, with GO and KEGG analyses revealing substantial functional differences. Conclusion: The structure–function relationships of the cps clusters in the WCFS1 strain varied. The highly conserved cps4 cluster might regulate EPS yield to ensure normal bacterial growth. However, the cps1-3 cluster likely modulated the monosaccharide composition of EPS, conferring greater environmental adaptability to the strain.

, authors=Yaxi SUN1, Zhihao WANG1, Yingying LIU1, Shuting HUANG1, Fang ZHAO1, Guangping LÜ1, Hailin HUAN2, *, Yao YANG1, *, authorsList=Yaxi SUN, Zhihao WANG, Yingying LIU, Shuting HUANG, Fang ZHAO, Guangping LÜ, Hailin HUAN, Yao YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hailin HUAN, Yao YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889399227830377, articleId=1320889394878337111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=植物乳植杆菌WCFS1胞外多糖生物合成基因簇鉴定及其转录组差异表达基因功能研究, columnId=1261336277547401341, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=生物工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的:本研究针对植物乳植杆菌WCFS1菌株,研究其不同胞外多糖合成基因簇(cps)的构效关系,为进一步研究乳酸菌胞外多糖(Exopolysaccharides,EPS)的菌株特异性奠定基础。方法:利用Cre-loxP同源重组和CRISPR/Cas9技术构建WCFS1菌株的突变株WCFS1∆cps1-3和WCFS1∆cps4;以野生菌为对照,研究不同突变株生长、合成EPS产量及单糖组成等理化特性;利用转录组学分析WCFS1∆cps1-3突变株在3种培养条件下差异表达基因功能。结果:WCFS1∆cps4突变株菌体合成EPS产量下降更多,降至野生型的62.2%,菌体生长迟缓,到达稳定期的时间由12 h延迟至32 h,但生物量不变;WCFS1∆cps1-3突变株合成EPS单糖组成变化较大,甘露糖的组分显著上升至32.68%,半乳糖组分显著下降至3.83%,而鼠李糖组分则未检出;相比野生菌,改变不同培养条件,WCFS1∆cps1-3突变株显著性差异表达的基因数目仅占MRS培养条件下的5.1%(上调)和6.8%(下调),GO和KEGG分析显示功能也有较大变化。结论:WCFS1菌株不同cps簇构效关系不同,基因序列高度保守的cps4簇可能通过调控合成EPS的产量以保证菌体正常生长,而cps1-3簇可能通过调控EPS的单糖组成使菌株在环境适应性方面更具优势。

, authors=孙娅西1, 王智浩1, 刘莹莹1, 黄淑婷1, 赵芳1, 吕广萍1, 宦海琳2, *, 杨瑶1, *, authorsList=孙娅西, 王智浩, 刘莹莹, 黄淑婷, 赵芳, 吕广萍, 宦海琳, 杨瑶, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=宦海琳, 杨瑶, authorNote=

孙娅西(1999−),女,硕士,研究方向:食品微生物,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
宦海琳(1981−),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:畜禽饲料、生物技术,E-mail:。
杨瑶(1981−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:益生菌生物技术,E-mail:。
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International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022, 23(21): 12852−12852., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320889399588540522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889394878337111, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889399596929131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889394878337111, companyId=1320889399588540522, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889399605317740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889394878337111, companyId=1320889399588540522, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1南京师范大学食品与制药工程学院,江苏南京 210023)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320889399668232301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889394878337111, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889399680815214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889394878337111, companyId=1320889399668232301, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nangjing 210014, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889399689203823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889394878337111, companyId=1320889399668232301, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2江苏省农业科学院畜牧研究所,江苏南京 210014)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320889404579762342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889394878337111, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Results of WCFS1∆cps1-3 mutant strain construction protocol and PCR validation, figureFileSmall=LtSZQf2EPbJtDYvR0F2uFA==, figureFileBig=+tDZ118++Z6EeGMarmKKWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889404898529447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889394878337111, language=CN, label=图1, caption=WCFS1∆cps1-3突变株的构建及PCR结果

注:A. 敲除质粒pNZ5319∆cps1-3图谱;B. cps1-3 突变株PCR验证示意图;C. 泳道1~8依次是对4个不同阳性克隆分别使用引物CPS1UP-F2/CmR、CmF/CPS3DOWN-R2的PCR成对验证结果;泳道9是使用CPS1UP-F2/CPS3DOWN-R2引物PCR扩增结果;DL2000 Marker:2000、1000、750、500、250、100 bp。

, figureFileSmall=LtSZQf2EPbJtDYvR0F2uFA==, figureFileBig=+tDZ118++Z6EeGMarmKKWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889405078884520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889394878337111, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Results of WCFS1∆cps4 mutant strain construction scheme and PCR verification, figureFileSmall=20r962oH8+q8rtmUz227XA==, figureFileBig=0LRQZFFv3tjGpRZeE0e0dw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889405317959849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889394878337111, language=CN, label=图2, caption=WCFS1∆cps4突变株构建方案及PCR验证结果

注:A. 敲除质粒pSH02∆Wcps4图谱;B. PCR验证敲除突变株原理示意图;C. 泳道1~5是使用CPS4S-F2/CPS4S-R2引物依次对5个阳性克隆PCR验证结果;DL2000 Marker:2000、1000、750、500、250、100 bp。

, figureFileSmall=20r962oH8+q8rtmUz227XA==, figureFileBig=0LRQZFFv3tjGpRZeE0e0dw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889405410234538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889394878337111, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Results of growth curves and pH measurements for WCFS1 and WCFS1∆cps4, figureFileSmall=/uLg/+wF6LrFAqaeaJZ/+g==, figureFileBig=1WQbscUmkCY2tESCdXIXoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889405494120619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889394878337111, language=CN, label=图3, caption=WCFS1及WCFS1∆cps4的生长曲线及pH的测定结果, figureFileSmall=/uLg/+wF6LrFAqaeaJZ/+g==, figureFileBig=1WQbscUmkCY2tESCdXIXoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889405561229484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889394878337111, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Yields of crude EPS, figureFileSmall=7J18ErRWxrrfY16P6N/PQg==, figureFileBig=8CmdE2lygkFnx0Qsi3Kbqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889405632532653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889394878337111, language=CN, label=图4, caption=粗EPS的产量

注:*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=7J18ErRWxrrfY16P6N/PQg==, figureFileBig=8CmdE2lygkFnx0Qsi3Kbqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889405708030126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889394878337111, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Volcano map of differential genes, figureFileSmall=gnkdEIxPnP61Wx0XxBcIwg==, figureFileBig=cu+Rlsmgxo9tZofjhkZSsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889405796110511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889394878337111, language=CN, label=图5, caption=差异表达基因火山图

注:A为在碳源为2%葡萄糖(GLU)的MRS培养条件下;B为在碳源为2% GOS的MRS培养条件下;C为在添加了0.07% 胆盐的MRS培养条件下。

, figureFileSmall=gnkdEIxPnP61Wx0XxBcIwg==, figureFileBig=cu+Rlsmgxo9tZofjhkZSsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889407473832112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889394878337111, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Venn map of differential genes, figureFileSmall=dg3MCnMdhjWdQz5bKpVz5A==, figureFileBig=wzhuhiZvm0A6DqYbLUra7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889407536746673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889394878337111, language=CN, label=图6, caption=差异表达基因韦恩图

注:A:显著上调基因;B:显著下调基因;A1:A2指在同是MRS培养基培养条件下;A3:A4指在同是由2% GOS替代MRS培养基中葡萄糖的培养条件下;A5:A6指在同是含0.07%胆盐的MRS培养基培养条件下。

, figureFileSmall=dg3MCnMdhjWdQz5bKpVz5A==, figureFileBig=wzhuhiZvm0A6DqYbLUra7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889407784210610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889394878337111, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=GO enrichment analysis of differential expressed genes of WCFS1∆cps1-3 mutant strains under different culture conditions, figureFileSmall=wo9/xO+HNKTFssP/jtlcnA==, figureFileBig=DWuost5iolemGEdT1Ck8Uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889408199446707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889394878337111, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同培养条件下WCFS1∆cps1-3突变株差异表达基因GO功能富集分析

注:横轴为功能分类,纵轴为该分类内基因个数(右)及其占被注释上基因总数的百分比(左)。不同颜色代表不同的分类,其中深色代表该分类下的所有基因,基因数量对应右侧纵轴的深色数值,浅色代表该分类下的差异基因,基因数量对应右侧纵轴的浅色数值;A为在碳源为2%葡萄糖(GLU)的MRS培养条件下;B为在碳源为2% GOS的MRS培养条件下;C为在添加了0.07% 胆盐的MRS培养条件下。

, figureFileSmall=wo9/xO+HNKTFssP/jtlcnA==, figureFileBig=DWuost5iolemGEdT1Ck8Uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889408614682804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889394878337111, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=KEGG enrichment analysis of differential expressed genes of WCFS1∆cps1-3 mutant strains under different culture conditions, figureFileSmall=OHfPVxVeaWkoVAfITX42Sg==, figureFileBig=g63mPclOGlCkY/zfoXGfbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889408698568885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889394878337111, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同培养条件下WCFS1∆cps1-3突变株差异表达基因KEGG功能富集分析

注:A为在碳源为2%葡萄糖(GLU)的MRS培养条件下;B为在碳源为2% GOS的MRS培养条件下;C为在添加了0.07% 胆盐的MRS培养条件下。

, figureFileSmall=OHfPVxVeaWkoVAfITX42Sg==, figureFileBig=g63mPclOGlCkY/zfoXGfbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889409038307510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889394878337111, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Strains and plasmids

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌株和质粒描述来源及参考文献
植物乳植杆菌
WCFS1模式菌株荷兰NIZO研究所赠送[20]
WCFS1∆cps1-3利用Cre-loxP法构建本研究
WCFS1∆cps4利用CRISPR/Cas9方法构建本研究
大肠杆菌
DH10B克隆宿主本实验室保藏[26]
质粒
pNZ5319质粒载体本实验室保藏[27]
pNZ5319∆Wcps1-3WCFS1菌株cps1-3
敲除质粒
本研究
pLH01含有RecT基因序列上海理工大学赠送[28]
pHS02含有Cas9基因序列上海理工大学赠送[28]
pSH02∆cps2YZH81菌株cps2敲除质粒本实验室保藏[28]
pSH02∆Wcps4WCFS1菌株cps4敲除质粒本研究
), ArticleFig(id=1320889409117999287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889394878337111, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

菌株和质粒

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌株和质粒描述来源及参考文献
植物乳植杆菌
WCFS1模式菌株荷兰NIZO研究所赠送[20]
WCFS1∆cps1-3利用Cre-loxP法构建本研究
WCFS1∆cps4利用CRISPR/Cas9方法构建本研究
大肠杆菌
DH10B克隆宿主本实验室保藏[26]
质粒
pNZ5319质粒载体本实验室保藏[27]
pNZ5319∆Wcps1-3WCFS1菌株cps1-3
敲除质粒
本研究
pLH01含有RecT基因序列上海理工大学赠送[28]
pHS02含有Cas9基因序列上海理工大学赠送[28]
pSH02∆cps2YZH81菌株cps2敲除质粒本实验室保藏[28]
pSH02∆Wcps4WCFS1菌株cps4敲除质粒本研究
), ArticleFig(id=1320889409214468280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889394878337111, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Primer sequences

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物5’~3’参考文献
CPS1UP-Fggagtatgttaatcaatttgccg本研究
CPS1UP-Ragtctcaacgcccaacc本研究
CPS3DOWN-Fgacccatttttaacg本研究
CPS3DOWN-Rcttgcgtatctcatcatccgagc本研究
CPS1UP-F2gaggcggctttgcgtggtaaac本研究
CPS3DOWN-R2gcatgctaaagttaccttgttgcc本研究
CmFtcaaatacagcttttagaactgg本研究
CmRaccatcaaaaattgtataaagtggc本研究
lp2099-Fagatctatcatcaggacggc[28]
lp2099-Rgtgcgaaaaccaatctagccg[28]
lp2108-Ftattacttgctccattccacacg[28]
lp2108-Rtgatgaagctgcatcgaccc[28]
sgRNA-Fcccactagtctcaaaaaaagcac[28]
sgRNA-Rtgctctagatgagatgctcgaacaaacgc
gttttagagctagaaatagc
本研究
CPS4S-F2ccggtaatcacgacttga[28]
CPS4X-R2ggcttttgaccactctcat[28]
), ArticleFig(id=1320889409449349305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889394878337111, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物5’~3’参考文献
CPS1UP-Fggagtatgttaatcaatttgccg本研究
CPS1UP-Ragtctcaacgcccaacc本研究
CPS3DOWN-Fgacccatttttaacg本研究
CPS3DOWN-Rcttgcgtatctcatcatccgagc本研究
CPS1UP-F2gaggcggctttgcgtggtaaac本研究
CPS3DOWN-R2gcatgctaaagttaccttgttgcc本研究
CmFtcaaatacagcttttagaactgg本研究
CmRaccatcaaaaattgtataaagtggc本研究
lp2099-Fagatctatcatcaggacggc[28]
lp2099-Rgtgcgaaaaccaatctagccg[28]
lp2108-Ftattacttgctccattccacacg[28]
lp2108-Rtgatgaagctgcatcgaccc[28]
sgRNA-Fcccactagtctcaaaaaaagcac[28]
sgRNA-Rtgctctagatgagatgctcgaacaaacgc
gttttagagctagaaatagc
本研究
CPS4S-F2ccggtaatcacgacttga[28]
CPS4X-R2ggcttttgaccactctcat[28]
), ArticleFig(id=1320889409537429690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889394878337111, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Monosaccharide composition analysis of crude EPS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
单糖组分菌株名称
WCFS1WCFS1∆cps1-3WCFS1∆cps4
鼠李糖(%)1.04±1.75−4.10±0.91
甘露糖(%)23.19±4.05b32.68±1.04a27.25±0.73b
葡萄糖(%)59.44±2.13ab63.42±3.29a47.58±11.22b
半乳糖(%)16.31±4.08a3.83±0.90b21.08±1.77a
), ArticleFig(id=1320889409608732859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889394878337111, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

粗EPS样品的单糖组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
单糖组分菌株名称
WCFS1WCFS1∆cps1-3WCFS1∆cps4
鼠李糖(%)1.04±1.75−4.10±0.91
甘露糖(%)23.19±4.05b32.68±1.04a27.25±0.73b
葡萄糖(%)59.44±2.13ab63.42±3.29a47.58±11.22b
半乳糖(%)16.31±4.08a3.83±0.90b21.08±1.77a
), ArticleFig(id=1320889409948471484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889394878337111, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Genes with differential expression in the three culture conditions of WCFS1∆cps1-3 mutant strains

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号基因 ID基因描述log2FCP-Value
1PROKKA_00875hypothetical protein16.228.82×10−5
2PROKKA_00882Accessory gene regulator protein A6.000
3PROKKA_00878Lactococcin-G-processing and transport ATP-binding protein LagD5.720
4PROKKA_00877Lactococcin A secretion protein LcnD5.410
5PROKKA_00876CAAX amino terminal protease self-immunity4.424.66×10−189
6PROKKA_00880hypothetical protein4.363.18×10−41
7PROKKA_00885hypothetical protein4.112.76×10−62
8PROKKA_00879hypothetical protein3.724.68×10−45
9PROKKA_00874CAAX amino terminal protease self- immunity3.486×10−63
10PROKKA_00881CAAX amino terminal protease self- immunity3.27×10−27
11PROKKA_02517putative transglycosylase IsaA precursor2.901.97×10−169
12PROKKA_00873CAAX amino terminal protease self- immunity2.843×10−30
13PROKKA_02553hypothetical protein2.694.08×10−6
14PROKKA_00628Multidrug resistance protein 32.431.96×10−66
15PROKKA_02480ABC transporter ATP-binding protein YxdL2.421.15×10−21
16PROKKA_02733hypothetical protein2.391.73×10−7
17PROKKA_02343putative acyltransferase2.272.35×10−22
18PROKKA_02732UDP-Gal:alpha-D-GlcNAc-diphosphoundecaprenol beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase2.191.69×10−11
19PROKKA_03107hypothetical protein2.152.18×10−280
20PROKKA_00872CAAX amino terminal protease self- immunity2.137×10−27
21PROKKA_03109Enterocin A Immunity1.881.70×10−154
22PROKKA_02486hypothetical protein1.863.92×10−23
23PROKKA_02485hypothetical protein1.844.52×10−8
24PROKKA_01035putative ABC transporter ATP-binding protein YheS1.772×10−137
25PROKKA_00129hypothetical protein1.772.65×10−13
26PROKKA_02736UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine-undecaprenyl-phosphate N-acetylgalactosaminephosphotransferase1.523×10−6
27PROKKA_00871Toxin HigB-11.242×10−8
28PROKKA_01293Bacitracin export ATP-binding protein BceA1.221×10−7
29PROKKA_01591hypothetical protein1.161.36×10−109
30PROKKA_00019hypothetical protein1.083.22×10−9
31PROKKA_001895-aminovalerate aminotransferase DavT-1.093.77×10−8
32PROKKA_01318Uric acid permease PucK-1.102.89×10−25
33PROKKA_00169Methionine import ATP-binding protein MetN-1.197.96×10−5
34PROKKA_0053660 kDa chaperonin-1.300
35PROKKA_02969EamA-like transporter family protein-1.415.63×10−143
36PROKKA_02045Oligopeptide transport ATP-binding protein OppF-1.594.20×10−258
37PROKKA_02369Glycine betaine transporter BetL-1.591.13×10−294
38PROKKA_01578Aspartokinase 3-1.635.26×10−102
39PROKKA_02043Dipeptide transport system permease protein DppC-1.680
40PROKKA_02044Oligopeptide transport ATP-binding protein OppD-1.700
41PROKKA_01674putative amino acid permease YhdG-1.700
42PROKKA_02041Dipeptide-binding protein DppE precursor-1.720
43PROKKA_01450Methionine gamma-lyase-1.721.25×10−102
44PROKKA_02042Oligopeptide transport system permease protein OppB-1.781×10−246
45PROKKA_01509Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase-2.022.95×10−109
46PROKKA_01224Oligopeptide-binding protein OppA precursor-2.291.01×10−55
), ArticleFig(id=1320889410023968957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889394878337111, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

三种培养条件下WCFS1∆cps1-3突变株共有差异表达基因

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号基因 ID基因描述log2FCP-Value
1PROKKA_00875hypothetical protein16.228.82×10−5
2PROKKA_00882Accessory gene regulator protein A6.000
3PROKKA_00878Lactococcin-G-processing and transport ATP-binding protein LagD5.720
4PROKKA_00877Lactococcin A secretion protein LcnD5.410
5PROKKA_00876CAAX amino terminal protease self-immunity4.424.66×10−189
6PROKKA_00880hypothetical protein4.363.18×10−41
7PROKKA_00885hypothetical protein4.112.76×10−62
8PROKKA_00879hypothetical protein3.724.68×10−45
9PROKKA_00874CAAX amino terminal protease self- immunity3.486×10−63
10PROKKA_00881CAAX amino terminal protease self- immunity3.27×10−27
11PROKKA_02517putative transglycosylase IsaA precursor2.901.97×10−169
12PROKKA_00873CAAX amino terminal protease self- immunity2.843×10−30
13PROKKA_02553hypothetical protein2.694.08×10−6
14PROKKA_00628Multidrug resistance protein 32.431.96×10−66
15PROKKA_02480ABC transporter ATP-binding protein YxdL2.421.15×10−21
16PROKKA_02733hypothetical protein2.391.73×10−7
17PROKKA_02343putative acyltransferase2.272.35×10−22
18PROKKA_02732UDP-Gal:alpha-D-GlcNAc-diphosphoundecaprenol beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase2.191.69×10−11
19PROKKA_03107hypothetical protein2.152.18×10−280
20PROKKA_00872CAAX amino terminal protease self- immunity2.137×10−27
21PROKKA_03109Enterocin A Immunity1.881.70×10−154
22PROKKA_02486hypothetical protein1.863.92×10−23
23PROKKA_02485hypothetical protein1.844.52×10−8
24PROKKA_01035putative ABC transporter ATP-binding protein YheS1.772×10−137
25PROKKA_00129hypothetical protein1.772.65×10−13
26PROKKA_02736UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine-undecaprenyl-phosphate N-acetylgalactosaminephosphotransferase1.523×10−6
27PROKKA_00871Toxin HigB-11.242×10−8
28PROKKA_01293Bacitracin export ATP-binding protein BceA1.221×10−7
29PROKKA_01591hypothetical protein1.161.36×10−109
30PROKKA_00019hypothetical protein1.083.22×10−9
31PROKKA_001895-aminovalerate aminotransferase DavT-1.093.77×10−8
32PROKKA_01318Uric acid permease PucK-1.102.89×10−25
33PROKKA_00169Methionine import ATP-binding protein MetN-1.197.96×10−5
34PROKKA_0053660 kDa chaperonin-1.300
35PROKKA_02969EamA-like transporter family protein-1.415.63×10−143
36PROKKA_02045Oligopeptide transport ATP-binding protein OppF-1.594.20×10−258
37PROKKA_02369Glycine betaine transporter BetL-1.591.13×10−294
38PROKKA_01578Aspartokinase 3-1.635.26×10−102
39PROKKA_02043Dipeptide transport system permease protein DppC-1.680
40PROKKA_02044Oligopeptide transport ATP-binding protein OppD-1.700
41PROKKA_01674putative amino acid permease YhdG-1.700
42PROKKA_02041Dipeptide-binding protein DppE precursor-1.720
43PROKKA_01450Methionine gamma-lyase-1.721.25×10−102
44PROKKA_02042Oligopeptide transport system permease protein OppB-1.781×10−246
45PROKKA_01509Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase-2.022.95×10−109
46PROKKA_01224Oligopeptide-binding protein OppA precursor-2.291.01×10−55
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植物乳植杆菌WCFS1胞外多糖生物合成基因簇鉴定及其转录组差异表达基因功能研究
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孙娅西 1 , 王智浩 1 , 刘莹莹 1 , 黄淑婷 1 , 赵芳 1 , 吕广萍 1 , 宦海琳 2, * , 杨瑶 1, *
食品工业科技 | 生物工程 2026,47(2): 180-190
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食品工业科技 |生物工程 2026 , 47 (2) : 180 -190
植物乳植杆菌WCFS1胞外多糖生物合成基因簇鉴定及其转录组差异表达基因功能研究
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孙娅西1 , 王智浩1, 刘莹莹1, 黄淑婷1, 赵芳1, 吕广萍1, 宦海琳2, * , 杨瑶1, *
作者信息
  • 1南京师范大学食品与制药工程学院,江苏南京 210023
  • 2江苏省农业科学院畜牧研究所,江苏南京 210014
通讯作者:
宦海琳(1981−),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:畜禽饲料、生物技术,E-mail:。
杨瑶(1981−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:益生菌生物技术,E-mail:。
作者简介:

孙娅西(1999−),女,硕士,研究方向:食品微生物,E-mail:

Identification of Exopolysaccharide Biosynthetic Gene Clusters and Functional Transcriptome Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1
Yaxi SUN1 , Zhihao WANG1, Yingying LIU1, Shuting HUANG1, Fang ZHAO1, Guangping LÜ1, Hailin HUAN2, * , Yao YANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
  • 2Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nangjing 210014, China
出版时间: 2026-01-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120277
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目的:本研究针对植物乳植杆菌WCFS1菌株,研究其不同胞外多糖合成基因簇(cps)的构效关系,为进一步研究乳酸菌胞外多糖(Exopolysaccharides,EPS)的菌株特异性奠定基础。方法:利用Cre-loxP同源重组和CRISPR/Cas9技术构建WCFS1菌株的突变株WCFS1∆cps1-3和WCFS1∆cps4;以野生菌为对照,研究不同突变株生长、合成EPS产量及单糖组成等理化特性;利用转录组学分析WCFS1∆cps1-3突变株在3种培养条件下差异表达基因功能。结果:WCFS1∆cps4突变株菌体合成EPS产量下降更多,降至野生型的62.2%,菌体生长迟缓,到达稳定期的时间由12 h延迟至32 h,但生物量不变;WCFS1∆cps1-3突变株合成EPS单糖组成变化较大,甘露糖的组分显著上升至32.68%,半乳糖组分显著下降至3.83%,而鼠李糖组分则未检出;相比野生菌,改变不同培养条件,WCFS1∆cps1-3突变株显著性差异表达的基因数目仅占MRS培养条件下的5.1%(上调)和6.8%(下调),GO和KEGG分析显示功能也有较大变化。结论:WCFS1菌株不同cps簇构效关系不同,基因序列高度保守的cps4簇可能通过调控合成EPS的产量以保证菌体正常生长,而cps1-3簇可能通过调控EPS的单糖组成使菌株在环境适应性方面更具优势。

植物乳植杆菌WCFS1  /  胞外多糖(EPS)  /  cps 基因簇  /  基因敲除  /  转录组分析

Objective: This study focused on the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1 strain to investigate the structure–function relationship of its exopolysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis gene clusters (cps), thereby laying the foundation for further research into strain-specific characteristics of lactic acid bacteria EPS. Methods: Mutant strains WCFS1∆cps1-3 and WCFS1∆cps4 were constructed using Cre-loxP homologous recombination and CRISPR/Cas9 techniques. The growth characteristics, EPS yield, and monosaccharide composition of the mutant strains were analyzed using the wild-type strain as a control. Transcriptomic analysis was performed to examine the functional roles of differentially expressed genes in the WCFS1∆cps1-3 mutant under three distinct culture conditions. Results: The WCFS1∆cps4 mutant exhibited a greater reduction in EPS yield, dropping to 62.2% of the wild-type level. This was accompanied by slow growth, with the time to reach the stationary phase delayed from 12 h to 32 h. However, biomass remained unaffected. The monosaccharide composition of EPS showed significant changes in the WCFS1∆cps1-3 mutant, with mannose content increasing markedly to 32.68% and galactose content decreasing significantly to 3.83%, while rhamnose was undetectable. The number of significantly differentially expressed genes in the WCFS1∆cps1-3 mutant compared to that in the wild-type strain under varying culture conditions accounted for only 5.1% (upregulated) and 6.8% (downregulated) of those observed under MRS culture conditions, with GO and KEGG analyses revealing substantial functional differences. Conclusion: The structure–function relationships of the cps clusters in the WCFS1 strain varied. The highly conserved cps4 cluster might regulate EPS yield to ensure normal bacterial growth. However, the cps1-3 cluster likely modulated the monosaccharide composition of EPS, conferring greater environmental adaptability to the strain.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1  /  exopolysaccharides (EPS)  /  cps cluster  /  gene knockout  /  transcriptome analysis
孙娅西, 王智浩, 刘莹莹, 黄淑婷, 赵芳, 吕广萍, 宦海琳, 杨瑶. 植物乳植杆菌WCFS1胞外多糖生物合成基因簇鉴定及其转录组差异表达基因功能研究. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (2) : 180 -190 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120277
Yaxi SUN, Zhihao WANG, Yingying LIU, Shuting HUANG, Fang ZHAO, Guangping LÜ, Hailin HUAN, Yao YANG. Identification of Exopolysaccharide Biosynthetic Gene Clusters and Functional Transcriptome Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (2) : 180 -190 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120277
乳酸菌胞外多糖(Exopolysaccharides,EPS)是乳酸菌在生长代谢过程中分泌到细胞壁外的多糖类化合物。研究表明乳酸菌EPS不仅可用于改善乳制品、烘焙食品、饮料等产品的质地和口感[1−3],还具有多种有益功能,如调节肠道菌群[4−5],激活动物免疫[5−6],还有报道乳酸菌EPS具有抗氧化和抗肿瘤作用[7−9]。然而,乳酸菌EPS具有菌株特异性,即不同菌株EPS的结构和功能差异显著。因此,EPS合成机制的研究是乳酸菌研究热点,是系统解析产EPS菌株的遗传多样性及其生物功能多样性的关键[10−12]。
乳酸菌EPS的生物合成较为复杂,编码EPS的基因往往成簇排列,因菌株不同,不同菌株基因组上通常含1~4个EPS合成基因簇(cps 簇)[13],其中单一基因簇具有很高的结构相似性,大小为15~20 kb,所含基因数不超过30个,由调控、决定多糖的链长、重复单位合成以及聚合与输出等4个区域构成[14−16]。不同乳酸菌EPS合成基因簇结构不同,如Jiang等[17]和Li等[18]将植物乳植杆菌cps簇结构归纳为四种主要类型,其中相同的是各菌株基因组上均具有一个保守的cps簇,大小为14 kb,包含cps4A-J基因,相似性为97%~99%,而其他cps簇的结构则具有菌株多样性,大多含2~3个cps簇,有的仅有一个cps簇,cps簇序列相似性不高。可以预见,乳酸菌cps簇的多样性将影响乳酸菌EPS的产量、化学结构及生物学功能。
植物乳植杆菌WCFS1是一株重要的乳酸菌模式菌株,也是世界上首次完成基因组测序的菌株[19−22]。研究表明,WCFS1菌株的cps簇较多,共有4个,其中cps1-cps3在基因组上串联排列,而高度保守的cps4簇则相隔较远[23−24]。基于该菌株较为清晰的cps簇结构,本文将开展其cps簇结构与功能关系研究,利用基因敲除技术构建不同∆cps突变株,以野生菌为对照,研究各突变株EPS的合成。
菌株和质粒 如表1所示;所使用的植物乳植杆菌株于 MRS 培养基或 SDM 培养基中培养,所添加的红霉素或氯霉素的终浓度均为10 μg/mL,培养温度37 ℃;所使用的大肠杆菌于 LB 培养基中培养,所添加的红霉素(Ery)、氯霉素(Cm)的终浓度分别为250、10 μg/mL,培养温度 37 ℃,含有 pHS02 及其衍生质粒的大肠杆菌培养温度为 30 ℃;引物 如表2所示,引物均由北京擎科生物科技股份有限公司合成;MRS培养基、LB 培养基、细菌琼脂粉 中国北京陆桥技术股份有限公司;SDM 培养基 自配[25],配方中Bacto casitone购自美国BD公司;Ex Taq、DNA Marker、割胶回收试剂盒 宝生物工程(大连)有限公司;细菌基因组提取试剂盒、琼脂糖(Agarose H)、4S Red核酸染料 生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司;胆盐 上海希格玛高技术有限公司;低聚半乳糖(Galactooligosaccharides,GOS 纯度≥70%) 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;其他生化试剂 南京化学试剂有限公司。
Nano-300微量分光光度计 杭州奥盛仪器有限公司;HE-90型电泳仪、HE-120水平电泳槽 上海天能科技有限公司;AG 4309型高压脉冲电击转化仪、Personal PCR仪、CL-22M型高速冷冻离心机 德国Eppendorf公司。
构建WCFS1∆cps1-3突变株参考赵芳等[29]方法,作适当修改。以WCFS1菌株基因组DNA为模板,利用引物CPS1UP-F/CPS1UP-R和CPS3DOWN-F/CPS3DOWN-R,分别扩增WCFS1菌株的cps1簇上游和cps3簇下游各1 kb左右的同源臂片段,扩增条件为:94 ℃预变性 5 min,94 ℃变性30 s,退火60 ℃ 45 s,72 ℃ 90 s,30 个循环,72 ℃延伸 10 min。上游同源臂用XhoI和SwaI,下游同源臂用SacI和BgII分别酶切、回收处理,再与相同处理的载体pNZ5319连接,转化DH10B菌株,用带有红霉素和氯霉素抗性的LB培养基筛选出阳性克隆,提取质粒,经质粒酶切大小和测序鉴定,成功构建的敲除质粒命名为pNZ5319∆Wcps1-3。上述敲除质粒经电击转化到WCFS1的感受态细胞中,37 ℃孵育16 h,涂布添加红霉素和氯霉素抗性的MRS培养基进行筛选。对双抗平板长出的阳性克隆先后使用CPS1UP-F2/CmR、CmF/CPS3DOWN-R2和CPS1UP-F2/CPS3DOWN-R2引物进行PCR验证,目的片段均为1 kb,最终获得缺失cps1-3簇的WCFS1突变株,命名为WCFS1∆cps1-3。
构建WCFS1∆cps4突变株参考Huang等[30]的实验方法,作适当修改。以pSH02∆cps2[28]为模板,利用引物lp2099-F/lp2108-R扩增cps4基因簇的上下游融合片段。以质粒 pSH02 为模板,利用引物 sgRNA-F/R 扩增 sgRNA 片段,长度约为130 bp,扩增条件为:94 ℃预变性 5 min,94 ℃变性30 s,退火 60 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃ 45 s,30 个循环,72 ℃延伸 10 min,扩增产物经胶回收试剂盒回收。利用ClonExpress® Ultra One Step Cloning Kit将上下游融合片段连同sgRNA 片段克隆至 pSH02 载体的ApaI和XbaI酶切位点,连接液转化大肠杆菌 DH10B 感受态细胞,涂布含Ery抗性的 LB 平板。平板长出的阳性克隆菌株经菌落 PCR 验证其插入序列,经测序插入片段正确的载体命名为 pSH02∆Wcps4。将 pSH02∆Wcps4质粒电转化至含 pLH01的WCFS1感受态细胞WCFS1::pLH01中[29],涂布含红霉素和氯霉素的MRS双抗性平板进行筛选。对阳性克隆使用CPS4S-F2/CPS4X-R2引物PCR验证,目的片段长度约2 kb,经测序确认完整缺失cps4基因簇的WCFS1突变株,命名为WCFS1∆cps4。
生长曲线的测定参考张甜等[31]实验方法,并作适当修改。将−80 ℃冰箱保藏的菌株WCFS1、WCFS1∆cps1-3和WCFS1∆cps4分别划线无抗性、Ery和Cm双抗、Ery和Cm双抗的MRS平板,挑取单菌落至上述相应抗性MRS培养基得到单菌种子液,将单菌种子液按照1%转接到MRS液体培养基中培养,混匀之后,在比色皿中加入1 mL菌液测定其OD600 nm值,作为初始零时间点值,接着每2 h测定一下OD600 nm值,每4 h测定一下发酵液的pH,到第36 h结束实验。以时间为横坐标,OD600 nm数值和发酵液pH为纵坐标绘制菌株生长曲线。
EPS的提取参照CERNING等[32]和赖田甜等[33]实验方法。WCFS1、WCFS1∆cps1-3和WCFS1∆cps4经平板活化,将单菌种子液按照1%转接到100 mL MRS液体培养基培养,在37 ℃条件下培养32 h。在10000×g,4 ℃条件下,离心15 min,吸取上清液。在得到的上清液中加入80%三氯乙酸,使其终浓度为4%(w/v),4 ℃冰箱中放置8 h。在10000×g,4 ℃条件下,离心15 min后,得到上清以除去蛋白质。接着在上清中加入其3倍体积的冷乙醇,在4 ℃冰箱中过夜。10000×g,4 ℃,离心20 min后,弃上清,用适当体积去离子水溶解沉淀,在4 ℃条件下透析48 h后,冻干,获得粗EPS样品。利用苯酚-硫酸法测定粗EPS的质量浓度[33]。
EPS的单糖组成分析参考王慧阳等[34]的实验方法,并作适当改动。称取菌株粗多糖样品各4 mg于样品瓶中,各加入适量现配的2 mol/L三氟乙酸(Trifluoroacetic acid,TFA)溶液,于85 ℃中水浴水解3 h。同时分别称取4 mg核糖(Rib)、木糖(Xyl)、阿拉伯糖(Ara)、岩藻糖(Fuc)、鼠李糖(Rha)、甘露糖(Man)、葡萄糖(Glc)和半乳糖(Gal)标准品,分别加入1 mL吡啶和10 mg盐酸羟胺,涡旋混匀,于80 ℃水浴2 h,反应结束后冷却至室温,加入1 mL乙酸酐,于80 ℃水浴2 h。反应结束后,冷却至室温,吹干后,复溶于1 mL甲醇中,一分为二,根据上述单糖衍生物制备的方法分别做酮糖和醛糖衍生物。最终反应物经吹干后复溶,经0.22 μm滤膜过滤后GC-MS分析。
GC-MS的工作条件:色谱柱为HP-5毛细管柱(30 mm×0.25 mm,0.25 μm);载气为氦气;气体流速为1 mL/min;进样量为2 μL;分流比为1:20;程序升温:柱初始温度160 ℃,以6 ℃/min升至200 ℃,保持6 min;汽化室温度为250 ℃;检测器温度为240 ℃。
转录组测序样品为以下6个实验组:A1,WCFS1∆cps1-3在MRS培养基(碳源为葡萄糖,含量2%)中生长;A2,WCFS1在MRS培养基中生长;A3,WCFS1∆cps1-3在以2% 低聚半乳糖(GOS)替代了葡萄糖的MRS培养基中生长;A4,WCFS1在以2%低聚半乳糖(GOS)替代了葡萄糖的MRS培养基中生长;A5,WCFS1∆cps1-3在含有0.07%(W/V)胆盐的MRS培养基中生长;A6,WCFS1在含有0.07%(W/V)胆盐的MRS培养基中生长;每组培养温度均为37 ℃,培养32 h,每组3个平行。
转录组测序样品送生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司Illumina平台测序;选择|log2(Fold Change)|≥1和P≤0.05作为筛选差异显著基因(DEGs)的标准;GO分析使用数据库(https://geneontology.org/),KEGG分析使用KEGG数据库(hyyp://www.kegg.jp);火山图绘制使用SangerBox工具。
每组实验重复3次,实验结果为3次重复的平均值,采用SPSS 22.0软件进行实验数据的统计与分析。检测水准为0.05,运用最小显著差异(Least significant difference,LSD)法比较,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。使用Microsoft Excel 2021进行统计分析,实验作图采用软件Graphpad Prime 8.0和软件Snapgene绘制。
敲除质粒pNZ5319∆cps1-3(图1A)经电转化WCFS1感受态细胞,抗性平板上长出了15~20个单菌落,图1B是PCR的验证示意图,图1C是4个单菌落的PCR鉴定结果,只有菌落4的PCR结果显示利用CPS1UP-F2/CmR和CmF/CPS3DOWN-R2两对引物均扩增出相应的cps1-3基因簇左右侧序列与插入的氯霉素抗性基因左右侧序列,各长约1 kb的目的片段(泳道7和8),进而将利用CPS1UP-F2/CPS3DOWN-R2引物扩增出的目标2 kb片段(泳道9)测序,结果显示,cps1-3簇片段完整缺失,将该突变株命名为WCFS1∆cps1-3。
敲除质粒pSH02∆Wcps4(图2A)电转化至含 pLH01 的WCFS1感受态细胞WCFS1::pLH01中,含红霉素和氯霉素的MRS 双抗性平板上长出了5个单菌落,对上述阳性克隆使用CPS4S-F2/CPS4S-R2引物PCR验证(图2B),将扩增到目标2 kb左右片段的测序比对,最终获得完整缺失cps4簇的WCFS1突变株WCFS1∆cps4(图2C)。
根据方法1.2.3,绘制WCFS1、WCFS1∆cps1-3和WCFS1∆cps4菌株生长曲线,见图3。从OD600 nm数值来看,相比WCFS1,WCFS1∆cps1-3和WCFS1∆cps4菌株的生长呈明显的延缓趋势,达到稳定期的时间WCFS1为12 h,WCFS1∆cps1-3为22 h,而WCFS1∆cps4在32 h才到达稳定期,不过三个菌株生长量未见显著差别,OD600 nm 始终稳定在6.0左右。发酵液pH下降是乳酸菌生长产酸的结果,可侧面反映菌体生长情况。从pH测定值来看,三个菌株发酵液pH下降趋势与OD600 nm的变化相对应,WCFS1发酵液pH下降最快,WCFS1∆cps1-3次之,WCFS1∆cps4最为缓慢。以上结果说明了∆cps1-3和∆cps4簇突变均使得菌株生长变缓,其中∆cps4突变对菌株生长速率的影响更大,但对菌体生长量影响不大。
WCFS1、WCFS1∆cps1-3和WCFS1∆cps4 菌株粗多糖产量见图4。对比WCFS1的EPS产量48.20±0.84 mg/L,WCFS1∆cps1-3和 WCFS1∆cps4的EPS产量分别下降为野生型的78.4%(37.80±1.15 mg/L)和62.2%(30±0.99 mg/L),该结果说明∆cps4簇对WCFS1菌株EPS产量的影响更大。
对各菌株粗EPS单糖组成测定结果见表3。WCFS1的EPS单糖组成含量从高到低依次为葡萄糖(Glc,59.44%)、甘露糖(Man,23.19%)、半乳糖(Gal,16.31%)和鼠李糖(Rha,1.04%)。WCFS1∆cps1-3的EPS单糖组成与野生型WCFS1差异较大,甘露糖(32.68%)的组分含量显著上升,半乳糖组分显著下降至仅占3.83%,而鼠李糖组分则未检出;WCFS1∆cps4的EPS单糖组成变化较小,各单糖组分及占比与野生型WCFS1无显著差异。
将6个试验组处理后的菌体样本进行转录组学测序分析,测得序列经质控后每个样本序列总数(Clean reads)均大于1.5×107条,原始数据19.1 Gb,平均每个样品总碱基数为3.18 Gb,碱基质量≥20(Q20 Base Ratio, Q20)和Q30的比例分别为98.59%~98.78%和94.92%~95.44%,GC含量范围为45.70%~46.18%,原始处理数据(Clean bases)占总数据量的比例达到96.88%以上。数据评估结果表明过滤后所获得的序列质量较好,可靠性高,所选参考基因组能够满足后续分析的需求。
如图5所示,对比WCFS1和WCFS1∆cps1-3菌株转录组分析,在同是MRS培养基培养条件下,总共检测到3058个差异表达基因,其中2235个有差异但不显著,823个有显著性差异,显著上调587个,显著下调236个(图5A);在同是由GOS替代MRS培养基中葡萄糖的培养条件下,总共检测到3058个差异表达基因,其中2739个有差异但不显著,319个有显著性,显著上调190个,显著下调129个(图5B);在同是含0.07%胆盐的MRS培养基培养条件下,总共检测到3058个差异表达基因,其中2829个有差异但不显著,229个有显著性,显著上调103个,显著下调126个(图5C)。
如图6所示,对比WCFS1和WCFS1∆cps1-3菌株转录组分析,在三种不同培养条件下均出现的具有显著性差异表达的基因共有46个,其中显著上调30个(图6A),显著下调16个(图6B),表4列出具体的差异表达基因信息。值得注意的是,在三种不同培养条件下均出现的共有显著差异表达的基因数目仅占MRS培养条件下差异表达基因数目的5.1%(上调)和6.8%(下调),该结果显示WCFS1∆cps1-3突变株差异表达基因数量在不同培养条件下相差较大,说明了cps1-3簇编码基因可能在菌株环境适应性方面发挥重要作用。
表4结果显示,上调较大的表达基因有辅助基因调节蛋白A(Accessory gene regulator protein A)、与乳球菌素的加工和转运过程相关的ATP结合蛋白(Lactococcin-G-processing and transport ATP-binding protein LagD)、乳球菌素A分泌相关蛋白(Lactococcin A secretion protein LcnD),这些基因根据NCBI注释(NCBI BlastP)分别与群体感应信号调控功能、乳球菌素的加工和转运过程、细菌素分泌功能有关。下调最大的表达基因是寡肽结合蛋白oppa前体(Oligopeptide-binding protein OppA precursor),其主要功能与寡肽的识别和转运有关;支链氨基酸转氨酶(Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase),主要与支链氨基酸代谢调控功能有关;寡肽转运系统透膜蛋白OppB(Oligopeptide transport system permease protein OppB),主要功能是与OppA蛋白协同作用,OppB作为透膜蛋白,嵌入细胞膜中,形成通道或协助构象变化,使寡肽能够穿过细胞膜;蛋氨酸γ-裂解酶(Methionine gamma-lyase),主要与蛋氨酸分解代谢有关。
利用GO(Gene Ontology)分析与野生型WCFS1菌株相比,WCFS1∆cps1-3突变株在不同培养条件下差异表达基因的功能,见图7。在碳源为2%葡萄糖(GLU)的MRS培养条件下,WCFS1∆cps1-3突变株差异表达基因的功能主要在代谢过程(metabolic process)、细胞(cell)、催化活性(catalytic activity)等34个二级类别(图7A);在碳源为2% GOS的MRS培养条件下,差异表达基因功能增加了脱毒通路(detoxification)、抗氧化活性(antioxidant activity)2个类别,而减少了负向调节生物过程(negative regulation of biological process)、细胞外区域(extracellular region)2个类别(图7B);为了模拟肠道环境,向MRS中添加0.07% 胆盐,cps1-3簇的缺失引起的差异表达基因的功能增加了脱毒通路(detoxification)、抗氧化活性(antioxidant activity)2个类别,而减少了负向调节生物过程、发展过程(developmental process)、细胞组成、组织或生物发生(cellular component organization or biogenesis)、细胞外区域、细胞器(organelle)、细胞器部分(organelle part)、结构分子活性(structural molecule activity)8个类别(图7C)。可见,在不同培养条件下,WCFS1∆cps1-3突变株差异表达基因在细胞中的功能随环境条件变化而变化。
利用KEGG(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)分析与野生型WCFS1菌株相比,WCFS1∆cps1-3突变株在不同培养条件下差异表达基因的功能,见图8。在碳源为2%葡萄糖(GLU)的MRS培养条件下,WCFS1∆cps1-3突变株差异表达基因集中在ABC转运蛋白(ABC transporters)、磷酸转移酶系统(Phosphotransferase system,PTS)和半乳糖代谢(Galactose metabolism)、丙酮酸盐代谢(Pyruvate metabolism)和糖酵解/糖异生(Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis)等代谢途径(图8A);在碳源为2% GOS的MRS培养条件下,WCFS1∆cps1-3突变株差异表达基因参与的代谢途径主要有ABC转运蛋白、氨基酸生物合成(Biosynthesis of amino acids)、脂肪酸代谢(Fatty acid metabolism)、脂肪酸生物合成(Fatty acid biosynthesis)、丙酮酸盐代谢等途径(图8B);在向MRS中添加0.07% 胆盐的培养条件下,WCFS1∆cps1-3突变株差异表达基因参与的代谢途径主要有群体感应(Quorum sensing)、氨基酸的生物合成、ABC转运蛋白、组氨酸代谢(Histidine metabolism)和半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢(Cysteine and methionine metabolism)等途径(图8C)。可见,在不同培养条件下,WCFS1∆cps1-3突变株差异表达基因集中在不同的代谢和信号传导途径中,承担不同的功能。
胞外多糖EPS是乳酸菌重要的次生代谢产物,不仅是微生物适应复杂环境的关键生理物质,更是一类具有重要开发价值的生物活性资源,在食品加工、生物医药及农业科技等领域展现出广阔的应用前景[2−4,10]。目前,植物乳植杆菌是报道较多的高产EPS的乳酸菌菌种[35],但不同菌株合成的EPS结构和功能差异显著。cps基因簇是植物乳植杆菌编码合成EPS的基因序列,通常一个菌株含多个cps簇。本研究选取一株重要的植物乳植杆菌模式菌株WCFS1为研究对象,研究其不同cps簇的构效关系,为进一步研究具有菌株特异性的EPS生物学功能奠定基础。
细菌基因敲除是研究基因功能的有效手段[36−37],具体有同源重组、CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑和转座子插入突变等多种方法。为了构建WCFS1菌株的突变株WCFS1∆cps1-3和突变株WCFS1∆cps4,本研究首先选择了Cre-loxP同源重组法[38],但实验最终只成功获得了WCFS1∆cps1-3突变株(阳性克隆筛选成功率为2/15,13.3%),未获得WCFS1∆cps4突变株。随后,采用CRISPR/Cas9技术,基于pSH02质粒构建了pSH02∆Wcps4质粒,在转化含Rec T基因的pLH01质粒辅助作用下,最终成功筛选获得了WCFS1∆cps4突变株(阳性克隆筛选成功率为1/5,20%)。就本实验而言,相比之下CRISPR/Cas9法更具优势[39−42]。
WCFS1菌株基因组共有4个cps簇,其中cps1-cps3在基因组上串联排列,虽然cps2和cps3与其他一些植物乳植杆菌的cps簇具有相似性[20,22],但cps1的结构特殊,与其它菌株未见同源性。距离cps1-3簇较远的cps4簇,其基因排列和序列与其他植物乳植杆菌具有高度的序列保守性,相似性高达97~99%[17]。本研究结果显示不同∆cps簇突变株合成EPS结果不同,基因序列保守的cps4簇缺失后菌体合成EPS产量下降更多,且对菌体生长的影响也较大,到达稳定期的时间由12 h延迟至32 h,但生物量不变;基因序列同源性低的cps1-3簇缺失后,菌株合成EPS单糖组成的变化较大,其中甘露糖的组分显著上升至32.68%,半乳糖组分显著下降至3.83%,而鼠李糖组分则未检出。综合上述结果,推测WCFS1菌株的cps1-3簇可能通过调控合成EPS的单糖组成,进而改变其EPS的化学特性和生物学功能,在菌株适应环境等方面发挥作用,也因此表现出基因水平的多样性,而cps4簇可能通过调控合成EPS的产量以保证菌体正常生长,也因此在基因结构具有高度保守性。
为了进一步探究cps1-3簇与菌株环境适应性的相关性,本研究对比分析了WCFS1和WCFS1∆cps1-3菌株在三种不同培养条件下的转录组表达情况,结果表明在不同培养条件下cps1-3簇缺失引起的与野生型具有显著性差异表达的基因数目仅占MRS培养条件下的5.1%(上调)和6.8%(下调),GO和KEGG功能分析也显示了不同培养条件下因cps1-3簇缺失引起的与野生型具有显著性差异表达的基因功能均相差较大,说明了cps1-3簇编码基因可能在菌株环境适应性方面发挥的重要作用。
综上所述,本文是对植物乳植杆菌EPS生物合成基因簇(cps)构效关系的初步探索,从基因结构、合成EPS的产量及单糖组成、转录水平差异基因等方面说明不同cps簇编码基因在菌体生长、EPS合成及环境适应性方面行使不同功能。在此基础上,未来将继续开展cps簇构效关系的深入研究,旨在通过揭示cps簇对EPS分子结构特征及合成效率的调控机制,为系统解析产EPS菌株的遗传多样性及其与表型多样性的互作关系提供理论依据,为后续功能菌株的精准选育和EPS资源的靶向开发奠定研究基础。

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2026年第47卷第2期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120277
  • 接收时间:2024-12-23
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-23
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    1南京师范大学食品与制药工程学院,江苏南京 210023
    2江苏省农业科学院畜牧研究所,江苏南京 210014

通讯作者:

宦海琳(1981−),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:畜禽饲料、生物技术,E-mail:。
杨瑶(1981−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:益生菌生物技术,E-mail:。
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/CN/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120277
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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