Article(id=1320889388930806037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320889172802515656, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010158, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737043200000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854171258, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1768406400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854171258, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854171258, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854171258, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320889172802515656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='514', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768406400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854119730, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854119730, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=375, endPage=386, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889389752889622, articleId=1320889388930806037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Storage Quality Variation, Evaluation Model, and Correlation with Volatile Compounds of Embryo Rice, columnId=1261343845820805453, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Storage and Preservation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to evaluate the quality changes of embryo rice during storage, the embryo rice with vacuum packaging of two kinds of materials was stored at 25 and 4 ℃ for 300 d and the changes in the fatty acid value, taste, texture, and other indexes were analyzed. A quality evaluation model was constructed based on principal component analysis and entropy weight method. The volatile compounds were determined using headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) to further explore the correlation between the indexes. The results showed that with prolonged storage time, fatty acid value, hardness, and chewiness increased significantly (P<0.05), springiness and taste value decreased significantly (P<0.05), and lipase and malondialdehyde (MDA) first increased and then decreased. A quality evaluation model of embryo rice was established based on seven core indexes: Y=0.0803×chewability+0.1170×springiness+0.1221×flavor+0.1182×taste value comprehensive score+0.2215×malondialdehyde+0.2234×lipase activity+0.1175×fatty acid value. According to the comprehensive scores obtained by the model, the quality of the embryo rice at different storage periods was classified as grade I after 0 d of storage, grade II after 60 d of storage, grade III after 120 d of storage, and grade IV after 180 d of storage. A total of 53 volatile compounds were detected, among which aldehydes, ketones, acids, and other compounds appeared in large quantities after 300 d of storage. There was a significant negative correlation between 2,2,6-trimethyloctane and fatty acid value, lipase, malondialdehyde, hardness, chewability, b*, or ∆E (P<0.05) and a significant positive correlation between the taste value and quality evaluation comprehensive score (P<0.05), followed by 2-n-propyl furan and 3-methylundecane. These results provide a theoretical basis for quality evaluation and storage method selection of embryo rice.

, authors=Xiyuan YANG1, Xindi MU1, Tingting SU1, Lixue MA1, Qiaoru YU1, Lidong WANG1, 2, Aihua ZHAI1, 2, Baijun WANG4, Di YAO1, 2, 3, *, Changyuan WANG1, 2, *, Liyuan ZHANG1, 2, 3, authorsList=Xiyuan YANG, Xindi MU, Tingting SU, Lixue MA, Qiaoru YU, Lidong WANG, Aihua ZHAI, Baijun WANG, Di YAO, Changyuan WANG, Liyuan ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Di YAO, Changyuan WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889394073022756, articleId=1320889388930806037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=留胚米储藏品质变化、评价模型及其与挥发性化合物的相关性, columnId=1261343846517059923, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=贮运保鲜, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为科学评价留胚米储藏期间的品质变化情况,将两种材料真空包装的留胚米于25 ℃和4 ℃储藏300 d,分析其脂肪酸值、食味、质构等指标的变化规律。基于主成分分析和熵权法构建品质评价模型,同时,利用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定挥发性化合物,进一步探讨指标间的相关性。结果表明:随储藏时间的延长,脂肪酸值、硬度和咀嚼性显著升高(P<0.05),弹性和食味值显著下降(P<0.05),脂肪酶和丙二醛呈先升后降趋势;基于7个核心指标建立留胚米的品质评价模型为:Y=0.0803×咀嚼性+0.1170×弹性+0.1221×香气+0.1182×食味值综合评分+0.2215×丙二醛+0.2234×脂肪酶活+0.1175×脂肪酸值。根据模型获得的综合得分对不同储藏时期的留胚米进行品质分级,储藏0 d为Ⅰ级,储藏60 d为Ⅱ级,储藏120 d为Ⅲ级,储藏180 d后为Ⅳ级。共检测出53种挥发性化合物,其中醛类、酮类、酸类等化合物在储藏300 d时大量出现。2,2,6-三甲基辛烷与脂肪酸值、脂肪酶、丙二醛、硬度、咀嚼性、b*和∆E呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与食味值和品质评价综合得分呈显著正相关(P<0.05),其次是2-正丙基呋喃和3-甲基十一烷。研究结果可为留胚米的品质评价和储藏方式的选择提供理论依据。

, authors=杨惜媛1, 穆歆迪1, 苏婷婷1, 马丽雪1, 于巧如1, 王立东1, 2, 翟爱华1, 2, 王柏峻4, 姚笛1, 2, 3, *, 王长远1, 2, *, 张丽媛1, 2, 3, authorsList=杨惜媛, 穆歆迪, 苏婷婷, 马丽雪, 于巧如, 王立东, 翟爱华, 王柏峻, 姚笛, 王长远, 张丽媛, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=姚笛, 王长远, authorNote=

杨惜媛(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品科学,E-mail:

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姚笛(1980−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品科学,E-mail:。
王长远(1976−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程,E-mail:。
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Frontiers in Chemistry, 2022, 10: 725208., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320889394781860134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889394790248743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, companyId=1320889394781860134, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889394802831656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, companyId=1320889394781860134, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院,黑龙江大庆 163319)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320889394878329129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889394890912042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, companyId=1320889394878329129, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889395150958891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, companyId=1320889394878329129, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2黑龙江八一农垦大学国家杂粮工程技术中心,黑龙江大庆163319)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320889395222262060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889395230650669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, companyId=1320889395222262060, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Safety of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889395247427886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, companyId=1320889395222262060, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3黑龙江省农产品加工与质量安全重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163319)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320889395608138031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889395616526640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, companyId=1320889395608138031, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4Heilongjiang Beidahuang Rice Industry Group Co., Ltd., Harbin 150036, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889395624915249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, companyId=1320889395608138031, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4黑龙江省北大荒米业集团有限公司,黑龙江哈尔滨 150036)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320889404466508153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Changes of fatty acids, lipase and malondialdehyde during storage, figureFileSmall=N+qctl4CsVn3lPnMpmVjkQ==, figureFileBig=sLLu5KJD2sv4s0lhdwKKvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889404797858170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, language=CN, label=图1, caption=留胚米储藏期间脂肪酸值、脂肪酶活、丙二醛含量的变化

注:(A)脂肪酸值;(B)脂肪酶相对酶活;(C)丙二醛含量。

, figureFileSmall=N+qctl4CsVn3lPnMpmVjkQ==, figureFileBig=sLLu5KJD2sv4s0lhdwKKvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889405351506299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Changes of food taste value of embryo rice during storage, figureFileSmall=t7/B2J9oK2gEmty/A8xUsg==, figureFileBig=9yaXgQgbZUjqCm4POPM2VA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889405636718972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, language=CN, label=图2, caption=留胚米储藏期间食味值的变化, figureFileSmall=t7/B2J9oK2gEmty/A8xUsg==, figureFileBig=9yaXgQgbZUjqCm4POPM2VA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889405712216445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Changes of color of embryo rice during storage, figureFileSmall=aP0J9eCuiP3NLW6Xpa+dXw==, figureFileBig=QSMsmCk9VFR9kwKGcOLs+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889405812879742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, language=CN, label=图3, caption=留胚米储藏期间颜色的变化, figureFileSmall=aP0J9eCuiP3NLW6Xpa+dXw==, figureFileBig=QSMsmCk9VFR9kwKGcOLs+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889407452852607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Changes of volatile compounds in embryo rice before and after storage, figureFileSmall=arNDYl01XfV0FrrUrMDdpA==, figureFileBig=FPNxt8Smhy/cwZ35KtoUbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889407507378560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, language=CN, label=图4, caption=留胚米储藏前后挥发性化合物含量变化, figureFileSmall=arNDYl01XfV0FrrUrMDdpA==, figureFileBig=FPNxt8Smhy/cwZ35KtoUbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889407608041857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Correlation analysis of main volatile compounds with basic indexes and comprehensive scores, figureFileSmall=wzbj8/SwkSAbK583ERyVnA==, figureFileBig=nuwQ7m0dPlgxSX34EMzQIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889407733870978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, language=CN, label=图5, caption=主要挥发性化合物与基础指标和综合得分的相关性分析

注:(A)VIP图;(B)相关性分析。

, figureFileSmall=wzbj8/SwkSAbK583ERyVnA==, figureFileBig=nuwQ7m0dPlgxSX34EMzQIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889407809368452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Parameters of two kinds of packaging materials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
包装材料透气量
(cm3/m2·24 h·0.1 MPa)
透光率(%)透湿率
(g/m2∙24 h)
PP/PA/PE4.72±0.16a30.70±1.05a0.06±0.01a
Opp/Cpp3.55±0.34b16.73±1.62b0.08±0.01a
), ArticleFig(id=1320889407893254533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两种包装材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
包装材料透气量
(cm3/m2·24 h·0.1 MPa)
透光率(%)透湿率
(g/m2∙24 h)
PP/PA/PE4.72±0.16a30.70±1.05a0.06±0.01a
Opp/Cpp3.55±0.34b16.73±1.62b0.08±0.01a
), ArticleFig(id=1320889407964557702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Changes of textural properties of embryo rice in PP/PA/PE packaging

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
温度(℃)指标0 d60 d120 d180 d240 d300 d
25硬度(N)7.16±0.01Ae18.80±1.01Ad24.48±1.45Ac29.57±0.63Bc38.04±0.91Ab46.67±11.41Aa
弹性(mm)5.57±0.17Aa4.44±0.32Aa3.74±0.12Ab3.66±0.16Ab3.17±0.16dAc2.91±0.07Ad
咀嚼性(mJ)34.25±1.30Ae37.28±2.39Ad51.48±2.20Acd62.22±1.34Abc73.89±4.23Ab132.85±22.72Aa
4硬度(N)7.16±0.01Ae16.69±1.11Ad22.15±0.76Ac27.06±1.22Abc34.71±5.41Ab45.67±9.65Aa
弹性(mm)5.57±0.17Ae5.02±0.17Bd4.50±0.20Bd3.91±0.07Ac3.74±0.12Bb3.28±0.04Ba
咀嚼性(mJ)34.25±1.30Ad43.18±1.91Bc53.57±5.11Ac88.51±0.45Bb97.23±4.74Bb199.52±28.96Ba
), ArticleFig(id=1320889408031666567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

留胚米在PP/PA/PE包装下质构特性的变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
温度(℃)指标0 d60 d120 d180 d240 d300 d
25硬度(N)7.16±0.01Ae18.80±1.01Ad24.48±1.45Ac29.57±0.63Bc38.04±0.91Ab46.67±11.41Aa
弹性(mm)5.57±0.17Aa4.44±0.32Aa3.74±0.12Ab3.66±0.16Ab3.17±0.16dAc2.91±0.07Ad
咀嚼性(mJ)34.25±1.30Ae37.28±2.39Ad51.48±2.20Acd62.22±1.34Abc73.89±4.23Ab132.85±22.72Aa
4硬度(N)7.16±0.01Ae16.69±1.11Ad22.15±0.76Ac27.06±1.22Abc34.71±5.41Ab45.67±9.65Aa
弹性(mm)5.57±0.17Ae5.02±0.17Bd4.50±0.20Bd3.91±0.07Ac3.74±0.12Bb3.28±0.04Ba
咀嚼性(mJ)34.25±1.30Ad43.18±1.91Bc53.57±5.11Ac88.51±0.45Bb97.23±4.74Bb199.52±28.96Ba
), ArticleFig(id=1320889408149107080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Changes of textural properties of embryo rice in Opp/Cpp packaging

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
温度(℃)指标0 d60 d120 d180 d240 d300 d
25硬度(N)7.16±0.01Ae16.04±0.10Ad21.00±0.85Acd24.99±1.47Abc28.08±8.25Ab45.27±0.40Ba
弹性(mm)5.57±0.17Aa4.71±0.11Bb4.11±0.18Bb3.84±0.05Ac3.74±0.09Ad2.68±0.06Ae
咀嚼性(mJ)34.25±1.30Ae43.62±1.15Ad50.12±3.45Ac54.69±2.94Ac66.30±3.35Ab94.76±3.30Aa
4硬度(N)7.16±0.01Af15.37±0.31Be20.34±0.39Ad23.32±0.64Ac26.42±0.73Ab38.27±2.31Aa
弹性(mm)5.57±0.17Aa5.14±0.05Ab4.93±0.06Ac4.71±0.11Bcd3.82±0.05Ae3.36±0.24Bf
咀嚼性(mJ)34.25±1.30Ae34.29±0.10Be51.35±3.42Ad58.7±1.73Ac69.63±2.68Bb101.43±2.63Ba
), ArticleFig(id=1320889408220410249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

留胚米在Opp/Cpp包装下质构特性的变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
温度(℃)指标0 d60 d120 d180 d240 d300 d
25硬度(N)7.16±0.01Ae16.04±0.10Ad21.00±0.85Acd24.99±1.47Abc28.08±8.25Ab45.27±0.40Ba
弹性(mm)5.57±0.17Aa4.71±0.11Bb4.11±0.18Bb3.84±0.05Ac3.74±0.09Ad2.68±0.06Ae
咀嚼性(mJ)34.25±1.30Ae43.62±1.15Ad50.12±3.45Ac54.69±2.94Ac66.30±3.35Ab94.76±3.30Aa
4硬度(N)7.16±0.01Af15.37±0.31Be20.34±0.39Ad23.32±0.64Ac26.42±0.73Ab38.27±2.31Aa
弹性(mm)5.57±0.17Aa5.14±0.05Ab4.93±0.06Ac4.71±0.11Bcd3.82±0.05Ae3.36±0.24Bf
咀嚼性(mJ)34.25±1.30Ae34.29±0.10Be51.35±3.42Ad58.7±1.73Ac69.63±2.68Bb101.43±2.63Ba
), ArticleFig(id=1320889408295907722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Load matrix of two principal components

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标主成分1主成分2
脂肪酸值−0.9450.057
硬度−0.926−0.088
∆E−0.9240.144
b*−0.8420.136
丙二醛−0.8350.355
咀嚼性−0.74−0.365
脂肪酶活−0.580.709
a*0.8640.143
光泽0.909−0.022
味道0.910.259
L*0.911−0.144
口感0.9180.118
完整性0.9290.211
香气0.9530.142
弹性0.957−0.146
食味值综合评分0.960.156
), ArticleFig(id=1320889408367210891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

主成分的载荷矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标主成分1主成分2
脂肪酸值−0.9450.057
硬度−0.926−0.088
∆E−0.9240.144
b*−0.8420.136
丙二醛−0.8350.355
咀嚼性−0.74−0.365
脂肪酶活−0.580.709
a*0.8640.143
光泽0.909−0.022
味道0.910.259
L*0.911−0.144
口感0.9180.118
完整性0.9290.211
香气0.9530.142
弹性0.957−0.146
食味值综合评分0.960.156
), ArticleFig(id=1320889408576926092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Evaluation matrix

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
储藏时
间(d)
咀嚼性
(mJ)
弹性
(mm)
香气食味值综
合评分
丙二醛
(μmoL/g)
脂肪酶活
(%)
脂肪酸值
(mg/100 g)
034.255.577.9879.751.95100.316.23
6039.594.837.1377.072.50137.8714.20
12051.634.326.9872.372.95150.0825.46
18066.034.035.6163.503.86153.8538.14
24076.763.624.9557.943.89147.5850.08
300132.143.064.2452.103.65138.4456.94
), ArticleFig(id=1320889408656617869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

评价矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
储藏时
间(d)
咀嚼性
(mJ)
弹性
(mm)
香气食味值综
合评分
丙二醛
(μmoL/g)
脂肪酶活
(%)
脂肪酸值
(mg/100 g)
034.255.577.9879.751.95100.316.23
6039.594.837.1377.072.50137.8714.20
12051.634.326.9872.372.95150.0825.46
18066.034.035.6163.503.86153.8538.14
24076.763.624.9557.943.89147.5850.08
300132.143.064.2452.103.65138.4456.94
), ArticleFig(id=1320889408727921038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Weight analysis and calculation results of evaluation index

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标熵值变异程度权重
咀嚼性0.88660.11340.0803
弹性0.83480.16520.1170
香气0.82760.17240.1221
食味值综合评分0.83310.16690.1182
丙二醛0.68720.31280.2215
脂肪酶活0.68460.31540.2234
脂肪酸值0.83400.16600.1175
), ArticleFig(id=1320889408987967887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

评价指标的权重分析和计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标熵值变异程度权重
咀嚼性0.88660.11340.0803
弹性0.83480.16520.1170
香气0.82760.17240.1221
食味值综合评分0.83310.16690.1182
丙二醛0.68720.31280.2215
脂肪酶活0.68460.31540.2234
脂肪酸值0.83400.16600.1175
), ArticleFig(id=1320889409088631184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Comprehensive evaluation scores of embryo rice in different storage period

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目0 d60 d120 d180 d240 d300 d
咀嚼性0.08030.07590.06600.05420.04540.0000
弹性0.11700.08240.05880.04540.02610.0000
香气0.12210.09430.08940.04480.02340.0000
食味综合评分0.11820.10670.08660.04870.02490.0000
丙二醛0.22150.15830.10670.00250.00000.0268
脂肪酶活0.22340.06670.01580.00000.02620.0643
脂肪酸值0.00000.03260.07860.10470.05590.0279
综合得分0.88250.61690.50200.30030.20200.1191
), ArticleFig(id=1320889409155740049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同储藏时期留胚米的综合评价得分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目0 d60 d120 d180 d240 d300 d
咀嚼性0.08030.07590.06600.05420.04540.0000
弹性0.11700.08240.05880.04540.02610.0000
香气0.12210.09430.08940.04480.02340.0000
食味综合评分0.11820.10670.08660.04870.02490.0000
丙二醛0.22150.15830.10670.00250.00000.0268
脂肪酶活0.22340.06670.01580.00000.02620.0643
脂肪酸值0.00000.03260.07860.10470.05590.0279
综合得分0.88250.61690.50200.30030.20200.1191
), ArticleFig(id=1320889409432564114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Storage quality classification of embryo rice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
得分等级
Y≥0.88Ⅰ
0.61≤Y<0.88Ⅱ
0.3≤Y<0.61Ⅲ
Y<0.3Ⅳ
), ArticleFig(id=1320889409495478675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

留胚米储藏品质分级

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
得分等级
Y≥0.88Ⅰ
0.61≤Y<0.88Ⅱ
0.3≤Y<0.61Ⅲ
Y<0.3Ⅳ
), ArticleFig(id=1320889409591947668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Relative contents of volatile compounds in embryo rice before and after storage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号分类化合物CAS号RIRT
(min)
相对含量(%)
0 dPP/PA/PE
25 ℃
PP/PA/PE
4 ℃
Opp/CPP
25 ℃
Opp/Cpp
4 ℃
1醇类2-乙基-1-丁醇97-95-013106.092.37−0.47−−
21-辛烯-3-醇3391-86-4145021.62−−4.281.5011.92
3苯甲醇100-51-6126731.19−1.081.340.773.29
4甲硫醇74-93-1−3.74−0.100.080.020.12
5二甲基硅烷二醇1066-42-8115326.09−0.990.9165.702.03
6酚类4-乙烯基-2-甲氧基苯酚7786-61-0140937.199.551.06−0.181.10
7苯酚108-95-2132433.67−0.470.460.190.68
8愈创木酚90-05-1149440.58−−0.05−0.05
9醛类苯甲醛100-52-7152023.43−8.067.933.3714.16
103-乙基苯甲醛7525-62-4142420.915.110.340.33−−
11庚醛111-71-7118414.26−1.912.230.571.54
12正己醛66-25-184411.52−31.4027.044.1919.94
13壬醛124-19-6102119.81−7.3111.045.598.53
14正辛醛124-13-096116.92−1.881.950.611.62
15酸类迭氮酸7782-79-812133.35−−9.375.128.72
16甲氧基乙酸酐19500-95-997319.62−−0.03−0.07
17酮类1-(1-环己烯-1-基)-1-丙酮1655-03-4162025.070.59−0.830.29−
182-庚酮110-43-0118214.330.544.38−−−
197-甲基-5-辛烯-4-酮32064-78-192315.091.070.04−−−
20丙酮67-64-18194.890.63−1.44−1.19
21二苯甲酮119-61-998418.041.03−0.11−−
221-(2-甲基-2-环戊烯-1-基)-乙酮1767-84-687012.681.09−−0.020.45
23苯乙酮98-86-292114.99−−0.020.020.12
242-(甲酰氧基)-1-苯基乙酮55153-12-3−27.266.48−−−0.21
25酯类丙烯酸正戊酯2998-23-4116521.621.18−0.04−−
26乙酸丙酯109-60-4108522.90−−0.03−0.07
27乙酸甲酯79-20-982810.29−0.070.070.02−
28碳氢反式-2-丁烯基-环丙烷76588-98-2−26.412.29−−−0.39
29癸烷124-18-510009.14−1.05−0.31−
30十二烷112-40-3120013.98−2.19−0.491.94
31碳氢2,2,5-三甲基己烷3522-94-9106822.070.970.36−0.02−
322,4-二甲基己烷589-43-5−4.711.73−−0.97−
333,3-二甲基已烷563-16-694115.980.18−1.14−−
34正辛烷111-65-98004.69−0.930.98−−
352,2,6-三甲基辛烷62016-28-8−21.534.850.20−−−
362,3,6-三甲基辛烷62016-33-5−20.860.92−−−0.68
373,4,5,6-四甲基辛烷62185-21-128.251.29−−0.100.47
38苯乙烯100-42-5126115.930.621.591.890.362.55
39间羟基苯甲醛100-83-4−50.480.95−−−0.08
40异丙基苯98-82-8−18.830.20−−−1.76
411-乙基-4-乙烯基苯3454-07-7−24.904.17−−−0.38
42乙基苯100-41-486912.61−0.941.210.270.76
432-正戊基呋喃3777-69-3123115.068.5011.7411.842.278.83
442-正丙基呋喃4229-91-8102622.700.770.63−0.15−
45萘91-20-3120128.2831.151.060.900.303.37
46邻二甲苯95-47-6118612.97−1.492.090.471.41
47对二甲苯106-42-3113812.81−0.640.930.210.64
48其他氩7440-37-189713.88−1.681.440.13−
49二氧化碳124-38-97347.42−14.501.00−−
50一氧化二氮10024-97-27297.26−0.240.235.46−
512-正戊基噻吩4861-58-9−25.180.81−−0.09−
52硫脲62-56-67447.77−0.76−−0.97
533-甲基十一烷1002-43-313.288840.960.90−−−
), ArticleFig(id=1320889409671639445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889388930806037, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

留胚米储藏前后挥发性化合物的相对含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号分类化合物CAS号RIRT
(min)
相对含量(%)
0 dPP/PA/PE
25 ℃
PP/PA/PE
4 ℃
Opp/CPP
25 ℃
Opp/Cpp
4 ℃
1醇类2-乙基-1-丁醇97-95-013106.092.37−0.47−−
21-辛烯-3-醇3391-86-4145021.62−−4.281.5011.92
3苯甲醇100-51-6126731.19−1.081.340.773.29
4甲硫醇74-93-1−3.74−0.100.080.020.12
5二甲基硅烷二醇1066-42-8115326.09−0.990.9165.702.03
6酚类4-乙烯基-2-甲氧基苯酚7786-61-0140937.199.551.06−0.181.10
7苯酚108-95-2132433.67−0.470.460.190.68
8愈创木酚90-05-1149440.58−−0.05−0.05
9醛类苯甲醛100-52-7152023.43−8.067.933.3714.16
103-乙基苯甲醛7525-62-4142420.915.110.340.33−−
11庚醛111-71-7118414.26−1.912.230.571.54
12正己醛66-25-184411.52−31.4027.044.1919.94
13壬醛124-19-6102119.81−7.3111.045.598.53
14正辛醛124-13-096116.92−1.881.950.611.62
15酸类迭氮酸7782-79-812133.35−−9.375.128.72
16甲氧基乙酸酐19500-95-997319.62−−0.03−0.07
17酮类1-(1-环己烯-1-基)-1-丙酮1655-03-4162025.070.59−0.830.29−
182-庚酮110-43-0118214.330.544.38−−−
197-甲基-5-辛烯-4-酮32064-78-192315.091.070.04−−−
20丙酮67-64-18194.890.63−1.44−1.19
21二苯甲酮119-61-998418.041.03−0.11−−
221-(2-甲基-2-环戊烯-1-基)-乙酮1767-84-687012.681.09−−0.020.45
23苯乙酮98-86-292114.99−−0.020.020.12
242-(甲酰氧基)-1-苯基乙酮55153-12-3−27.266.48−−−0.21
25酯类丙烯酸正戊酯2998-23-4116521.621.18−0.04−−
26乙酸丙酯109-60-4108522.90−−0.03−0.07
27乙酸甲酯79-20-982810.29−0.070.070.02−
28碳氢反式-2-丁烯基-环丙烷76588-98-2−26.412.29−−−0.39
29癸烷124-18-510009.14−1.05−0.31−
30十二烷112-40-3120013.98−2.19−0.491.94
31碳氢2,2,5-三甲基己烷3522-94-9106822.070.970.36−0.02−
322,4-二甲基己烷589-43-5−4.711.73−−0.97−
333,3-二甲基已烷563-16-694115.980.18−1.14−−
34正辛烷111-65-98004.69−0.930.98−−
352,2,6-三甲基辛烷62016-28-8−21.534.850.20−−−
362,3,6-三甲基辛烷62016-33-5−20.860.92−−−0.68
373,4,5,6-四甲基辛烷62185-21-128.251.29−−0.100.47
38苯乙烯100-42-5126115.930.621.591.890.362.55
39间羟基苯甲醛100-83-4−50.480.95−−−0.08
40异丙基苯98-82-8−18.830.20−−−1.76
411-乙基-4-乙烯基苯3454-07-7−24.904.17−−−0.38
42乙基苯100-41-486912.61−0.941.210.270.76
432-正戊基呋喃3777-69-3123115.068.5011.7411.842.278.83
442-正丙基呋喃4229-91-8102622.700.770.63−0.15−
45萘91-20-3120128.2831.151.060.900.303.37
46邻二甲苯95-47-6118612.97−1.492.090.471.41
47对二甲苯106-42-3113812.81−0.640.930.210.64
48其他氩7440-37-189713.88−1.681.440.13−
49二氧化碳124-38-97347.42−14.501.00−−
50一氧化二氮10024-97-27297.26−0.240.235.46−
512-正戊基噻吩4861-58-9−25.180.81−−0.09−
52硫脲62-56-67447.77−0.76−−0.97
533-甲基十一烷1002-43-313.288840.960.90−−−
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杨惜媛 1 , 穆歆迪 1 , 苏婷婷 1 , 马丽雪 1 , 于巧如 1 , 王立东 1, 2 , 翟爱华 1, 2 , 王柏峻 4 , 姚笛 1, 2, 3, * , 王长远 1, 2, * , 张丽媛 1, 2, 3
食品工业科技 | 贮运保鲜 2026,47(2): 375-386
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食品工业科技 |贮运保鲜 2026 , 47 (2) : 375 -386
留胚米储藏品质变化、评价模型及其与挥发性化合物的相关性
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杨惜媛1 , 穆歆迪1, 苏婷婷1, 马丽雪1, 于巧如1, 王立东1, 2, 翟爱华1, 2, 王柏峻4, 姚笛1, 2, 3, * , 王长远1, 2, * , 张丽媛1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院,黑龙江大庆 163319
  • 2黑龙江八一农垦大学国家杂粮工程技术中心,黑龙江大庆163319
  • 3黑龙江省农产品加工与质量安全重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163319
  • 4黑龙江省北大荒米业集团有限公司,黑龙江哈尔滨 150036
通讯作者:
姚笛(1980−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品科学,E-mail:。
王长远(1976−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程,E-mail:。
作者简介:

杨惜媛(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品科学,E-mail:

Storage Quality Variation, Evaluation Model, and Correlation with Volatile Compounds of Embryo Rice
Xiyuan YANG1 , Xindi MU1, Tingting SU1, Lixue MA1, Qiaoru YU1, Lidong WANG1, 2, Aihua ZHAI1, 2, Baijun WANG4, Di YAO1, 2, 3, * , Changyuan WANG1, 2, * , Liyuan ZHANG1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
  • 2National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
  • 3Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Safety of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China
  • 4Heilongjiang Beidahuang Rice Industry Group Co., Ltd., Harbin 150036, China
出版时间: 2026-01-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010158
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为科学评价留胚米储藏期间的品质变化情况,将两种材料真空包装的留胚米于25 ℃和4 ℃储藏300 d,分析其脂肪酸值、食味、质构等指标的变化规律。基于主成分分析和熵权法构建品质评价模型,同时,利用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定挥发性化合物,进一步探讨指标间的相关性。结果表明:随储藏时间的延长,脂肪酸值、硬度和咀嚼性显著升高(P<0.05),弹性和食味值显著下降(P<0.05),脂肪酶和丙二醛呈先升后降趋势;基于7个核心指标建立留胚米的品质评价模型为:Y=0.0803×咀嚼性+0.1170×弹性+0.1221×香气+0.1182×食味值综合评分+0.2215×丙二醛+0.2234×脂肪酶活+0.1175×脂肪酸值。根据模型获得的综合得分对不同储藏时期的留胚米进行品质分级,储藏0 d为Ⅰ级,储藏60 d为Ⅱ级,储藏120 d为Ⅲ级,储藏180 d后为Ⅳ级。共检测出53种挥发性化合物,其中醛类、酮类、酸类等化合物在储藏300 d时大量出现。2,2,6-三甲基辛烷与脂肪酸值、脂肪酶、丙二醛、硬度、咀嚼性、b*和∆E呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与食味值和品质评价综合得分呈显著正相关(P<0.05),其次是2-正丙基呋喃和3-甲基十一烷。研究结果可为留胚米的品质评价和储藏方式的选择提供理论依据。

留胚米  /  储藏品质  /  评价模型  /  挥发性化合物

In order to evaluate the quality changes of embryo rice during storage, the embryo rice with vacuum packaging of two kinds of materials was stored at 25 and 4 ℃ for 300 d and the changes in the fatty acid value, taste, texture, and other indexes were analyzed. A quality evaluation model was constructed based on principal component analysis and entropy weight method. The volatile compounds were determined using headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) to further explore the correlation between the indexes. The results showed that with prolonged storage time, fatty acid value, hardness, and chewiness increased significantly (P<0.05), springiness and taste value decreased significantly (P<0.05), and lipase and malondialdehyde (MDA) first increased and then decreased. A quality evaluation model of embryo rice was established based on seven core indexes: Y=0.0803×chewability+0.1170×springiness+0.1221×flavor+0.1182×taste value comprehensive score+0.2215×malondialdehyde+0.2234×lipase activity+0.1175×fatty acid value. According to the comprehensive scores obtained by the model, the quality of the embryo rice at different storage periods was classified as grade I after 0 d of storage, grade II after 60 d of storage, grade III after 120 d of storage, and grade IV after 180 d of storage. A total of 53 volatile compounds were detected, among which aldehydes, ketones, acids, and other compounds appeared in large quantities after 300 d of storage. There was a significant negative correlation between 2,2,6-trimethyloctane and fatty acid value, lipase, malondialdehyde, hardness, chewability, b*, or ∆E (P<0.05) and a significant positive correlation between the taste value and quality evaluation comprehensive score (P<0.05), followed by 2-n-propyl furan and 3-methylundecane. These results provide a theoretical basis for quality evaluation and storage method selection of embryo rice.

embryo rice  /  storage quality  /  evaluation model  /  volatile compound
杨惜媛, 穆歆迪, 苏婷婷, 马丽雪, 于巧如, 王立东, 翟爱华, 王柏峻, 姚笛, 王长远, 张丽媛. 留胚米储藏品质变化、评价模型及其与挥发性化合物的相关性. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (2) : 375 -386 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010158
Xiyuan YANG, Xindi MU, Tingting SU, Lixue MA, Qiaoru YU, Lidong WANG, Aihua ZHAI, Baijun WANG, Di YAO, Changyuan WANG, Liyuan ZHANG. Storage Quality Variation, Evaluation Model, and Correlation with Volatile Compounds of Embryo Rice[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (2) : 375 -386 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010158
留胚米又称胚芽米,是留胚率在80%以上的大米制品[1]。相较于精米,留胚米含有丰富的脂肪、蛋白质、维生素B1以及大量的不饱和脂肪酸和必需氨基酸,在保持良好食用品质的同时,能够保留更多的营养成分[2−4]。留胚米经过碾磨加工,使胚芽失去糠粉层的保护,且米胚中脂肪含量较高,加上自身的呼吸作用可引发一系列化学反应,使得留胚米在储藏过程中的品质下降速度加快[5]。
为了解留胚米储藏过程中的品质变化,研究多聚焦于不同储藏方式对留胚米品质变化的分析,包括低温储藏[6]、气调储藏[7]、化学储藏[8]、微波处理[9−10]等。严松等[11]验证了调控储藏温度在保持留胚米品质方面优于调整气调方式。留胚米的储藏条件多采用常温或冷藏,而包装方式也在一定程度上影响留胚米的储藏品质。万志华等[12]发现真空包装留胚米的储藏稳定性较好[13]。目前,真空包装多选用塑料复合薄膜。聚丙烯、聚酰胺、聚乙烯(PP/PA/PE)作为市场上常见的三层复合包装材料,凭借其良好的阻隔性和机械性能广泛应用于食品保鲜领域[14]。在此基础上,定向聚丙烯和流延性聚丙烯(Opp/Cpp)作为一种韧性较好的复合包装材料,通过优化材料结构进一步提升了抗穿刺性和耐低温性能,成为高要求包装场景的重要选择[15]。包装材料的迭代升级,可为满足留胚米多样化、高品质的保鲜需求持续赋能。
分析不同储藏温度和包装材料影响留胚米的品质变化规律,有助于评价留胚米的品质劣变程度。然而,影响留胚米储藏品质的相关指标较多,这对留胚米的品质评价带来一定挑战。基于数理统计方法挖掘品质指标间的关联并建立品质评价模型是一种有效的解决途径,该方法已在板栗[16]、樱桃[17]等果蔬的品质评价中得到广泛应用。张书龙[18]基于集成学习对储藏小麦品质评价模型进行了深入研究,这为储藏粮食的品质评价开辟了一个新路径。然而,目前缺乏留胚米的品质评价体系,基于主成分分析和熵权法的留胚米品质评价模型未见相关报道。
香气是影响留胚米储藏品质的核心要素,其动态变化与挥发性化合物(VOCs)的种类及含量密切相关。分析留胚米储藏前后挥发性化合物的变化对于其品质评价至关重要[19]。顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱(HS-SPME-GC-MS)联用技术具有灵敏度高、抗干扰能力强、能够准确分析挥发性物质的优点[20,21]。Choi等[22]对黑米储藏期间的挥发性化合物进行分析,发现储藏时间和储藏温度对黑米挥发性化合物的产生具有显著影响。Li等[23]对不同稳定化米糠的分析发现随着储藏时间的延长,产生苦味的相关挥发性化合物增加。而目前针对留胚米储藏期间的品质指标与挥发性化合物的相关性研究鲜有报道。
综上,尽管现有研究已初步揭示了储藏条件对留胚米品质变化的影响,但仍存在品质评价体系单一,挥发性化合物与品质指标关联未明等问题。因此,本研究选用两种材料真空包装的留胚米分别于25 ℃和4 ℃下进行储藏试验,探讨其影响储藏品质指标的变化规律,基于主成分分析和熵权法建立留胚米品质评价模型,并对不同储藏时期留胚米的品质得分进行计算和分级。进一步对影响香气品质的挥发性化合物进行分析,深入探究留胚米的品质相关指标及综合评价得分与挥发性化合物之间的相关性,研究结果可为留胚米的品质评价及储运保鲜提供理论依据。
留胚米(龙粳91) 留胚率90%,于2023年11月新鲜碾磨,北大荒米业集团公司提供;包装材料PP/PA/PE、Opp/Cpp 青岛惯步天下塑业公司;乙醇、氢氧化钾、酚酞等 均为分析纯,辽宁泉瑞试剂有限公司;丙二醛(MDA)试剂盒 苏州格锐思生物科技有限公司。
HWS-80恒温恒湿培养箱 上海森信实验仪器有限公司;UV1800紫外可见光分光光度计 上海瀚艺仪器有限公司;TMS-PRO质构仪 美国Food Technology Corporation公司;米饭食味计 日本佐竹化学机械工业株式会社;CS-580分光测色仪 杭州彩谱科技有限公司;DB-WAX气相色谱柱(15 m×0.53 mm×0.25 μm) 安捷伦科技有限公司;50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS固相萃取头 美国苏伯尔科公司;TRACE1300气相色谱仪、ISQ系列单四极杆质谱仪 赛默飞世尔科技有限公司。
将留胚米以每袋100 g的规格,分别采用聚丙烯、聚酰胺、聚乙烯(PP/PA/PE)和定向聚丙烯、流延性聚丙烯(Opp/Cpp)两种复合包装材料进行真空包装处理,真空度为60 Pa。包装后样品分别置于温度25 ℃和4 ℃,湿度50%±5%培养箱中储藏,每隔60 d测定各品质指标,总储藏周期为300 d。
参照GB/T 1038.1-2022《塑料制品薄膜和薄片 气体透过性试验方法》[24]和GB/T 16928-1997《包装材料试验方法 透湿率》[25]测定两种包装材料的氮气透气量、透光率和透湿率。
脂肪酸值参照GB/T 20569-2006《稻谷储存品质判定规则》进行测定。脂肪酶活参照GB/T 5523-2008《粮油检验 粮食、油料的脂肪酶活动度的测定》进行测定;丙二醛(MDA)含量参照试剂盒说明书进行测定。
取50 g米样,米水比例1:2,蒸煮30 min,保温30 min。取出米饭放置平皿中在质构仪上进行测定。参数设定:TPA模式,圆盘探头,测试前速度为30 mm/min,测试速度和测试后速度为60 mm/min,起始力为0.1 N,形变量为30%。
称取米样30 g,清洗后以米水比1:1.35浸泡30 min,随后蒸煮30 min,并保温10 min。保温结束后,将米饭轻轻搅拌至松散,放入冷却箱20 min后取出,静置100 min。取8.0 g米饭样品放入压片机中正反两面各压10 s,将压好的米饼放入米饭食味计中,测定米饭食味值。
采用CS-580型分光色差仪测定,开机预热15 s后进行白板、黑板的校正;校正结束后即可进行色差的测定。在色差测定中,L*值从0到100由黑变白,a*值正负代表偏红偏绿,b*值代表黄色和蓝色,$ \Delta E $代表总色差。
$ \Delta E=\sqrt{{\Delta L}^{2}+{\Delta a}^{2}+{\Delta b}^{2}} $
以72组留胚米样品的16个指标数据构建72×16矩阵,利用SPSS 27.0对数据进行标准化处理后进行主成分分析,计算特征值和主成分方差贡献率,获得评价矩阵。进一步对正、反、适度指标进行标准化处理[26],然后利用熵权法计算权重。计算公式如下:
正向指标:
$ {\mathrm{y}}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{j}}=\frac{{\mathrm{x}}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{j}}-\mathrm{min}({\mathrm{x}}_{\mathrm{j}})}{\mathrm{max}({\mathrm{x}}_{\mathrm{j}})-\mathrm{min}({\mathrm{x}}_{\mathrm{j}})} $
负向指标:
$ {\mathrm{y}}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{j}}=\frac{\mathrm{max}({\mathrm{x}}_{\mathrm{j}})-{\mathrm{x}}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{j}}}{\mathrm{max}({\mathrm{x}}_{\mathrm{j}})-\mathrm{min}({\mathrm{x}}_{\mathrm{j}})} $
适度指标:
$ {\mathrm{y}}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{j}}=1-\frac{\left|{\mathrm{x}}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{j}}-{\mathrm{x}}_{0}\right|}{\mathrm{max}\left|{\mathrm{x}}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{j}}-{\mathrm{x}}_{0}\right|} $
其中,xij为第i个评价对象下的第j个评价指标所对应的初始数据(i=1,2,…,m;j=1,2,…,n);min(xj)、max(xj)为第j个评价指标的最小值和最大值;yij为xij经过标准化处理后得到的数据;x0为确定的指标,一般为该指标的理想值。
通过式(5)计算评价指标的比重,式(6)计算熵值,式(7)、(8)分别计算变异程度和权重[27]。
计算比重:
$ {\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{j}}=\frac{{\mathrm{y}}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{j}}+0.0001}{{\sum }_{\mathrm{i}=1}^{\mathrm{m}}{(\mathrm{y}}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{j}}+0.0001)} $
计算熵值:
$ {\mathrm{e}}_{\mathrm{j}}=-\frac{1}{{\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}}_{\mathrm{n}}}{\sum }_{\mathrm{i}=1}^{\mathrm{n}}{\mathrm{p}}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{j}}\mathrm{ln}({\mathrm{p}}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{j}})$
计算变异程度:
$ {\mathrm{g}}_{\mathrm{j}}=1-{\mathrm{e}}_{\mathrm{j}} $
计算权重:
$ {\mathrm{w}}_{\mathrm{j}}=\frac{{\mathrm{g}}_{\mathrm{j}}}{{\sum }_{\mathrm{i}=1}^{\mathrm{m}}{\mathrm{g}}_{\mathrm{j}}} $
式中,Pij为第i个评价对象下的第j个评价指标所对应的比重;ej、gj、wj分别为第j个评价指标的熵值、变异程度和权重。
根据各指标权重建立留胚米的品质评价模型,根据模型获得的综合得分判断留胚米的品质,并对不同储藏时期留胚米的品质进行分级评价。
参考Choi等[22]的方法,并略作修改。精确称取2 g参照方法1.2.4蒸熟的留胚米样品,密封于20 mL顶空萃取瓶中,在40 ℃下平衡5 min,于60 ℃下进行HS-SPME采样,富集时间40 min。
GC条件:DB-Wax毛细管柱。升温程序:进样口温度260 ℃,柱温初始温度为40 ℃,保持5 min,后以5 ℃/min的速度升温至最终温度230 ℃,载气为氦气(纯度>99.999%),流速为1.0 mL/min,采用不分流模式。
MS条件:接口温度260 ℃,离子源温度200 ℃,电子能量70 eV,溶剂延迟时间3 min,电离模式为EI,全扫描模式,质量范围m/z 35.0~600.0。
定性分析:GC-MS图谱经过质谱解卷积处理后,与NIST数据库对照,选择匹配度大于75的化合物进行分析;在相同色谱条件下,计算目标物的保留指数,并与NIST数据库RI比对,以对目标物进行鉴定。
定量分析:根据各挥发性化合物的峰面积归一法计算各化合物的相对含量。
利用SPSS 27.0进行单因素ANOVA方差显著性分析(P<0.05);通过SIMCA 14.1进行PCA、OPLS-DA和VIP分析;使用Origin 2024、Chiplot绘制折线图,并进行相关性分析。每组实验重复三次,结果以平均值±标准差表示。
由表1可知,PP/PA/PE的透气量和透光率显著高于Opp/Cpp(P<0.05),透湿率无显著差异,说明Opp/Cpp包装内部与环境中的气体交换量较少,可能对留胚米的呼吸作用影响较小;较低的透光率可抑制光氧化反应,减缓脂质氧化速率。然而,包装材料的阻隔性能还与测试环境及复合材料所用粘合剂等因素有关。两种材料性能参数的比较可为留胚米品质变化分析提供参考,而具体效果还需通过实际实验进行评价。
脂肪酸是脂肪的水解产物,是反映留胚米品质好坏的重要指标[28]。由图1A可知,随储藏时间的延长,脂肪酸值逐渐升高。25 ℃下的脂肪酸值上升速度较4 ℃快。在25 ℃下,PP/PA/PE和Opp/Cpp组的脂肪酸值由6.23 mg/100 g KOH分别上升到77.61、60.66 mg/100 g KOH;4 ℃下,PP/PA/PE和Opp/Cpp组分别上升到47.07、42.41 mg/100 g KOH。参照GB/T 20569-2006《稻谷储存品质判定规则》,以样品脂肪酸值(35 mg/100 g KOH)为界限,超过该界限即认定其陈化变质[29]。相比于徐鹏程等[30]的研究,两种包装的留胚米保质期均得到延长。在25 ℃下,PP/PA/PE在180 d时达52.96 mg/100 g KOH,超出界限,因此认定保质期为120 d。同理,Opp/Cpp 25 ℃组的保质期为180 d。4 ℃下PP/PA/PE和Opp/Cpp组保质期分别为180、240 d。由此可见,Opp/Cpp包装能够延缓脂肪酸值上升的速度,而脂肪酸值的升高与留胚米的脂肪酶活力密切相关。
由图1B可知,储藏期间的脂肪酶活均先升高后降低,主要原因是储藏初期内源酶的激活和微生物产生的外源酶增加。后期降低与脂肪被消耗有关,这与王春莲等[31]研究结果一致。25 ℃下,PP/PA/PE包装组在120 d达到最大值165.88%,Opp/Cpp组在180 d达到最大值155.14%。4 ℃下,PP/PA/PE组在180 d时达到最大值,而Opp/Cpp在240 d达到最大值。另外,Opp/Cpp组较PP/PA/PE的变化幅度小的原因可能是Opp/Cpp材料具有良好的阻隔性,可影响水分含量,而脂肪酶催化反应需要水的参与。
MDA是储粮过氧化脂类物质的降解产物,MDA含量变化可反映留胚米的储藏程度[32]。由图1C可知,MDA的变化趋势与脂肪酶活基本一致。PP/PA/PE组在25 ℃下储藏到180 d达最大值4.49 μmol/g,4 ℃下储藏到240 d达最大值。Opp/Cpp组在25 ℃下储藏到240 d达到最大值3.93 μmol/g,在4 ℃下随储藏时间延长呈上升趋势。MDA含量升高主要由于脂肪酸发生过氧化反应并降解产生,而MDA后续降低则是因为其具有挥发性,可以气体形式释放[31]。
评价留胚米的质构特性需依靠质构仪来模仿人的咀嚼,其中硬度、弹性和咀嚼性是质构特性的重要指标[33−34]。由表2、表3可知,随储藏时间的延长,硬度和咀嚼性显著升高(P<0.05),弹性显著降低(P<0.05)。PP/PA/PE组在两个温度下储藏300 d后硬度分别增加了84.67%和84.32%,Opp/Cpp组则增加了84.18%和81.29%。硬度的增加可能与淀粉分子的结晶程度不断增加有关,并且脂质氧化产生的脂肪酸与直链淀粉结合也会导致硬度的增加[35]。PP/PA/PE组在两个温度下储藏300 d后弹性分别下降了47.76%和41.11%,Opp/Cpp组为51.89%和39.68%。米饭弹性的变化情况与王若兰等[36]研究结果相似,这与水分含量的降低有关。PP/PA/PE组在两个温度下储藏300 d后咀嚼性分别增加了74.23%和82.83%,Opp/Cpp组为63.86%和66.23%。咀嚼性代表咀嚼吞咽一个具有弹性的样品所需要的能量[37],弹性越大,咀嚼性越低,因此其变化趋势与弹性变化相反。综合来看,硬度和弹性在25 ℃下变化速度较4 ℃更快,两个包装材料中,PP/PA/PE组随储藏时间延长,质构参数变化更大。
食味值是判断留胚米储藏品质的重要指标[38]。由图2可知,储藏0 d留胚米的光泽、口感、完整性、香气和味道分别为7.64、7.65、7.97、7.62、7.98,食味值综合评分为79.75。随储藏时间的延长,各组食味指标均有所降低,其中Opp/Cpp 25 ℃组的综合评分下降最快,300 d时为48.24,下降最慢的是Opp/Cpp 4 ℃组,300 d为55.41。图2A和图2B的变化趋势较平缓,说明随储藏时间的延长,色泽和口感变化较小。由图2C~图2E可知,留胚米的完整性、香气和味道评分随储藏时间的延长下降明显。图2F为食味值综合评分,可见储藏240 d后的评分小于60分,尤其在25 ℃储藏组,较高温度导致留胚米的水分损失较大,在蒸煮时难以吸水膨胀,使其弹性降低,硬度增加,因此口感粗糙,缺乏光泽,食味品质降低,这与毕文雅等[39]的研究结果一致。
图3反映了留胚米储藏过程中L*值、a*值、b*值和总色差ΔE的变化情况。L*值从0(黑色)到100(白色)代表亮度,值越大越亮。a*值红色为正值,绿色为负值。b*值黄色为正,蓝色为负。随着储藏时间的延长,所有样品的L*值均逐渐降低,PP/PA/PE组下降最快,25 ℃组的L*值下降速度快于4 ℃,色泽明显变暗,这与顾佳缘等[40]研究结果一致。随储藏时间的延长,a*值在储藏过程中均呈下降趋势,而b*值呈上升趋势。Opp/Cpp 4 ℃组的a*值下降最快,PP/PA/PE 25 ℃组的b*值增加最快。这可能与脂质氧化聚合及类胡萝卜素降解并生成黄色聚合物有关,产生黄化现象,这与姚亚静等[41]的发现一致。ΔE值可评价样品的色差变化程度[42]。随储藏时间的延长,25 ℃下,PP/PA/PE组的ΔE值由6.44升高到12.42,Opp/Cpp组由2.50升高到12.22。综上,随储藏时间的延长,不同处理组的留胚米颜色均产生显著变化。从包装材料上看,Opp/Cpp组的色差变化趋势较PP/PA/PE组小。
如前所述,多个因素都能够在一定程度上反映留胚米的储藏品质,但过多的评价指标会增加模型计算的复杂性并降低评价过程的效率。因此,通过主成分分析筛选能够有效反映留胚米储藏品质信息的因子。相关矩阵的主成分分析表明:第一主成分的特征值为12.578,占总方差的78.612%,第二主成分的特征值为6.534,占总方差的1.045%,累计方差贡献率大于79%,为可接受范围,基本涵盖了原始指标的主要信息。两个主成分的载荷矩阵如表4所示,载荷值代表各指标与主成分之间的相关系数,其绝对值越大代表该指标对主成分的贡献越大。第一主成分中香气、弹性、食味值综合评分、脂肪酸值和第二主成分中丙二醛、脂肪酶活、咀嚼性具有较高的载荷值绝对值。因此,选择这7项指标作为留胚米的主要评价指标。
进一步根据筛选的核心指标,构建了评价矩阵,具体见表5。表5展示了7个评价指标在储藏过程中的变化情况,为品质评价模型的构建及品质分级提供了数据支撑。
为科学量化评价指标对留胚米储藏品质的影响程度,采用熵权法对指标进行客观赋权。指标的权重由变异程度决定,变异程度越大,熵值越小,权重越高。由表6可知,丙二醛和脂肪酶活的权重最高,对应的变异程度明显高于其他指标,反映其作为脂肪氧化的核心指标,对留胚米的品质变化影响最为显著。咀嚼性权重最低,主要原因是其改变为渐进过程,变异程度小,故权重较低。食味值综合评分和香气权重中等,表现为感官品质的逐渐恶化,变异程度适中,符合其对综合品质的直接影响。通过熵权法对各评价指标贡献程度的客观量化,符合数据驱动的建模逻辑。因此,利用核心评价指标的权重系数建立留胚米的储藏品质评价模型:Y=0.0803×咀嚼性+0.1170×弹性+0.1221×香气+0.1182×食味值综合评分+0.2215×丙二醛+0.2234×脂肪酶活+0.1175×脂肪酸值。其中,Y为品质综合得分。
通过加权计算获得各储藏时间点的指标贡献值及品质综合得分,结果如表7所示。综合得分从储藏0 d的0.8825降至300 d的0.1191,呈线性递减趋势,直观反映了留胚米随储藏时间延长,品质持续劣变。
基于品质综合得分,参考林蝉蝉等[43]的方法和GB/T 20569-2006《稻谷储存品质判定规则》制定品质分级标准,对留胚米储藏实际情况进行等级划分和语义解释,如表8所示。储藏0 d为Ⅰ级,留胚米品质良好,色泽鲜亮,气味优良,宜存;储藏60 d内为Ⅱ级,留胚米品质较好,色泽、气味正常,较为宜存;储藏120 d为Ⅲ级,留胚米品质较差,色泽偏暗,气味略差,轻度不宜存;储藏180 d之后为Ⅳ级,留胚米严重劣变,表面发黄,有异味,重度不宜存。该分级体系通过量化得分与品质等级的对应关系,为留胚米储藏过程中的品质监控和货架期管理提供了一定的参考。
留胚米储藏前后的气味发生了显著变化,这与挥发性化合物的产生及其含量变化有关[44]。挥发性化合物的相对含量如图4所示,与储藏0 d相比,储藏300 d时的留胚米碳氢类化合物相对含量减少,醛类、酸类化合物增加。在相同储藏温度下,PP/PA/PE组中其他化合物增加。其他化合物(二氧化碳、一氧化二氮等)主要为异味物质,相同包装材料下,25 ℃储藏条件下产生的异味物质更多,说明储藏温度高易产生异味。
检测到的53种挥发性化合物见表9,分别为醇类(5种)、酚类(3种)、醛类(6种)、酸类(2种)、酮类(8种)、酯类(3种)、碳氢(烷烃10种、烯烃1种、芳香烃9种)和其他(6种)。碳氢化合物种类最多,储藏300 d时的相对含量较0 d少,由于多数碳氢化合物的阈值较高[45],其对留胚米风味的影响相对较小。据报道,醇类、醛类、酮类和酯类化合物的形成与脂质代谢密不可分[46]。醇类和醛类物质主要来源于脂质氧化过程,由亚油酸、油酸等脂肪酸在氧化过程中的氢过氧化物经β-断裂反应产生,赋予稻米甜味或果香等芳香味[47]。根据《化合物嗅觉阈值汇编》[48]查找到甲硫醇(0.1~1 μg/m3)、庚醛(0.1~1 μg/m3)、正己醛(1~10 μg/m3)、壬醛(1~10 μg/m3)和正辛醛(3.6~79 ng/m3)等出现在储藏300 d的化合物阈值较低,所以这类物质对留胚米整体风味贡献较大。酮是不饱和脂肪酸氧化降解的产物[49],苯乙酮在储藏300 d出现。乙酸甲酯、乙酸丙酯在300 d出现,表明脂肪酸氧化产生的醇发生了酯化反应,可导致留胚米香味发生改变。酸是通过脂质水解产生的,留胚米在储藏后期容易酸败,导致酸类化合物出现[50]。综上,包装材料和储藏温度都会影响留胚米储藏期间挥发性化合物的产生。相同温度下,大多数挥发性化合物在PP/PA/PE包装组相对含量较高。相同包装材料下,挥发性化合物在25 ℃下相对含量更高。储藏末期挥发性化合物的产生伴随着留胚米的品质劣变。
通过OPLS-DA筛选VIP>1的化合物,为留胚米储藏期的主要挥发性化合物。其中,有24种挥发性化合物的VIP>1且P<0.05,在图5A中以红色标记呈现。图5B为24种主要挥发性化合物与基础指标和品质综合得分的相关性分析。2,2,6-三甲基辛烷与脂肪酸值、脂肪酶、丙二醛、硬度、咀嚼性、b*和∆E呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与食味品质呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。除丙酮、2-正丙基呋喃和3-甲基十一烷等化合物外,大多数化合物与食味值呈负相关。2-正丙基呋喃和3-甲基十一烷易与氧化物发生反应导致相对含量显著降低。与此同时,留胚米中的脂肪在脂肪酶等作用下水解氧化产生脂肪酸,致其风味变差、产生酸臭味,且破坏米粒结构与营养,导致留胚米品质下降[51]。迭氮酸和甲氧基乙酸酐这类酸类化合物与脂肪酸、脂肪酶呈正相关,其具有较强的氧化性和腐蚀性,且有刺激性气味,进一步说明这些酸类化合物的增加会导致留胚米在储藏末期产生异味[52]。大多数碳氢化合物与脂肪酸、脂肪酶、丙二醛呈正相关,与食味值、L*等呈负相关,例如十二烷具有汽油味,癸烷一般表现石蜡味,两者都可能是脂肪氧化分解或相关代谢的产物[53]。当脂肪分解加剧、脂肪酸增多时,癸烷生成量也增加,呈现显著正相关(P<0.05)。与此同时,脂肪氧化越剧烈,丙二醛和十二烷的生成量同步增多,同样呈现显著正相关(P<0.05)。酯类的增加会影响咀嚼性的增加,异味气体增加会导致留胚米L*变暗,a*下降[54]。
此外,虽然各理化指标与挥发性化合物的相关性分析已初步阐明,但品质评价模型作为多维度信息的集成体,其获得的综合得分与挥发性化合物的关联分析更能够全面体现挥发性化合物对于留胚米品质的影响。因此,根据模型计算留胚米的综合评分,分析其与挥发性化合物之间的相关性。图5B所示,挥发性化合物与品质综合得分有很强相关性,大多数呈负相关,例如乙酸丙酯、癸烷、十二烷。但2,2,6-三甲基辛烷与品质综合得分呈显著正相关(P<0.05),2-正丙基呋喃和3-甲基十一烷呈正相关。图5B中,2,2,6-三甲基辛烷与脂肪酸值负相关,而脂肪酸值的增加,会加速留胚米品质劣变,导致品质综合得分下降。
综上,留胚米在储藏期间,挥发性化合物的产生与品质变化相伴而生,与此同时,品质评价模型的综合得分亦呈现出类似的变化趋势。在相关性分析中,2,2,6-三甲基辛烷为贡献最大的挥发性化合物,与理化指标和品质评价综合评分显著相关(P<0.05),其次是2-正丙基呋喃和3-甲基十一烷。
本研究分析了留胚米在PP/PA/PE和Opp/Cpp两种材料下储藏于25 ℃和4 ℃的品质变化规律,随储藏时间的延长,脂肪酸值不断上升,脂肪酶活和丙二醛先上升后下降,弹性不断降低,硬度和咀嚼性增加,食味值综合评分不断下降,这些指标的变化对留胚米的储藏品质影响显著。基于上述指标首次运用主成分分析和熵权法建立留胚米的储藏品质评价模型:Y=0.0803×咀嚼性+0.1170×弹性+0.1221×香气+0.1182×食味值综合评分+0.2215×丙二醛+0.2234×脂肪酶活+0.1175×脂肪酸值,这种方法有效融合了多指标信息,科学、全面地量化留胚米的储藏品质,为品质客观评价提供了创新思路。根据不同储藏时期留胚米的综合得分获得分级结果,储藏0 d为Ⅰ级,储藏60 d内为Ⅱ级,储藏120 d为Ⅲ级,储藏180 d后为Ⅳ级。该分级体系对留胚米储藏过程中的品质监控与货架期管理具有重要实践指导意义。
留胚米储藏300 d共测定出53种挥发性化合物,储藏300 d后的碳氢类化合物减少,醛类、酸类物质增加。挥发性化合物与基础指标和综合评价品质得分有很强的相关性,尤其是2,2,6-三甲基辛烷呈显著相关(P<0.05),其次是2-正丙基呋喃和3-甲基十一烷。研究后续可结合不同机器学习方法对留胚米的综合品质评价模型进行系统研究,进一步优化评价模型的科学性与合理性,从而为留胚米的品质评价及储运保鲜构建更完善的理论依据,切实推动留胚米储藏保鲜技术的发展与应用。

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2026年第47卷第2期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010158
  • 接收时间:2025-01-17
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-17
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    1黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院,黑龙江大庆 163319
    2黑龙江八一农垦大学国家杂粮工程技术中心,黑龙江大庆163319
    3黑龙江省农产品加工与质量安全重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163319
    4黑龙江省北大荒米业集团有限公司,黑龙江哈尔滨 150036

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姚笛(1980−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品科学,E-mail:。
王长远(1976−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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