Article(id=1320889215315981307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320889172802515656, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030150, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1741708800000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854129866, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1768406400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854129866, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854129866, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854129866, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320889172802515656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='514', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768406400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854119730, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854119730, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=59, endPage=69, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889215840269308, articleId=1320889215315981307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of Different Fixing Methods on the Quality Formation of Flat-shaped Green Bud Tea, columnId=1261336279195726298, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Papers Invited by Guest Editors, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the effects of different fixation methods on the flavour of flat-shaped green bud tea, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were conducted to analyse the biochemical components and aroma changes during processing. The results showed that microwave supplementary fixing improved the quality of the soup color, aroma, and taste of the flat-shaped green bud tea. It benefited the transformation and generation of tea polyphenols, free amino acids and soluble sugars in the processed tea, as well as the later generation of catechin (C), gallocatechin (GC) and epicatechin (EC) during the processing. A total of 972 and 966 volatile metabolites were detected in the control group (CK) and the microwave supplementary fixing group (WB) respectively. In the two fixation treated groups, significant differences in volatile metabolites were detected among the fresh leaves, fixation leaves and processed teas. Microwave supplementary fixing enriched the types of tea aroma, with more differential metabolites between fixation leaves and processed tea identified than those between fixation leaves and fresh leaves. Analysis of the relative odor activity value (rOAV) of the differential metabolites showed 6 and 9 differential metabolites with rOAV>1 from the CK group and the WB group respectively, which were speculated to be the key aroma substances responsible for the aroma changes in each treatment. Among them, 1-decanol, (E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadialdehyde, and citral mainly contributed to the aroma and flavor similar to orange, while p-cymene, methyl anthranilate, and o-cymene exhibited a mild and pleasant aromatic, orange, and floral flavor. They were the main substances responsible for the differences in the aroma quality of the processed teas by different fixation methods. This study provided a theoretical basis for the generation of the different characteristics of flat-shaped green bud tea and the optimization of their processing technology in the Sichuan-Chongqing region.

, authors=Juan YANG1, Shanmin CHEN1, Jie WANG1, Linying YUAN1, Jie LI1, Yulai ZHANG1, Ying ZHANG1, Xing LIU2, Minghong LI2, *, authorsList=Juan YANG, Shanmin CHEN, Jie WANG, Linying YUAN, Jie LI, Yulai ZHANG, Ying ZHANG, Xing LIU, Minghong LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Minghong LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889219510284302, articleId=1320889215315981307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=不同杀青方式对扁形绿芽茶风味品质形成的影响, columnId=1261336280563069408, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=特邀主编专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究不同杀青方式对扁形绿芽茶风味品质形成的影响,采用高效液相色谱(High performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)及顶空固相微萃取(Headspace solid phase microextraction,HS-SPME)联用气相色谱-质谱技术(Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC/MS)检测分析加工过程生化成分及香气变化。结果表明,微波补杀有利于改善扁形绿芽茶汤色、香气、滋味品质,对后期成茶中茶多酚、游离氨基酸及可溶性糖转化生成有利,同时有利于加工过程儿茶素(Catechin,C)、没食子儿茶素(Gallocatechin,GC)、表儿茶素(Epicatechin,EC)的后期生成。从对照组(CK)和微波补杀组(WB)中分别检测出972、966种挥发性代谢物,两组杀青处理中鲜叶、杀青叶及成茶间挥发性代谢物特征差异明显,微波补杀有利于丰富茶叶香气化合物种类,杀青叶与成茶间差异代谢物显著多于杀青叶与鲜叶间差异代谢物。对差异代谢物相对气味活度值(relative odor activity value,rOAV)分析,分别从CK组和WB组注释到6种、9种rOAV>1的差异代谢物,推测是不同杀青处理中各工序香气变化的关键呈香物质。其中具有似橙类水果香气风味表现的1-癸醇、(E)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二醛、柠檬醛以及具有温和愉快芳香气、橙香、花香风味表现的对伞花烃、邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯、邻伞花烃可能是引起不同杀青处理成茶香气品质差异的主要物质。本研究为川渝地区扁形绿芽茶品质特征形成成因及加工工艺优化提供理论参考。

, authors=杨娟1, 陈善敏1, 王杰1, 袁林颖1, 李解1, 张玉来1, 张莹1, 刘行2, 李明红2, *, authorsList=杨娟, 陈善敏, 王杰, 袁林颖, 李解, 张玉来, 张莹, 刘行, 李明红, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李明红, authorNote=

杨娟(1986−),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:茶叶加工及综合利用,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
李明红(1986−),男,本科,高级农艺师,研究方向:茶叶生产加工及新技术推广,E-mail:。
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Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2003: 13−15.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320889234450395291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WAN X C. Tea biochemistry. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2003: 13−15., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320889234521698460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=54, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张铭铭, 江用文, 滑金杰, 等. 干燥方式对绿茶栗香的影响[J]. 食品科学, 2020, 41(15): 115−123. [ZHANG M M, JIANG Y W, HUA J J, et al. 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Food Science, 2020, 41(15): 115−123., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320889219753553935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889219761942544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, companyId=1320889219753553935, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Tea Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889219770331153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, companyId=1320889219753553935, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1重庆市农业科学院茶叶研究所,重庆 402160)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320889219854217234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889219858411539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, companyId=1320889219854217234, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Luzhou Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889219875188756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, companyId=1320889219854217234, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2四川省泸州市农业农村局,四川泸州 646000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320889224623140940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Tea samples and brewing quality of teas with different fixing methods, figureFileSmall=692JZkIEcP3DN21z0xgRmg==, figureFileBig=xm1vYhrrs+5fNokF2x8VLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889224690249805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同杀青处理茶样干茶及冲泡品质

注:A、B为WB组成茶干茶外形;C、D为WB组成茶冲泡茶汤及叶底;E、F为CK组成茶冲泡茶汤及叶底;G、H为CK组成茶干茶外形。

, figureFileSmall=692JZkIEcP3DN21z0xgRmg==, figureFileBig=xm1vYhrrs+5fNokF2x8VLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889224895770702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Changes in biochemical components during the processing of flat-shaped green bud tea with different fixing methods, figureFileSmall=QQm5lR+zlbK+la0sgi9JKA==, figureFileBig=nrB9bbwP02nQQnV4UShlBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889224958685263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同杀青方式扁形绿芽茶加工过程生化成分变化

注:A代表CK组;B代表WB组;加工过程各工序样品含量数据标记不同小写字母表示相关工序样品差异达到显著水平(P<0.05),图3~图4同。

, figureFileSmall=QQm5lR+zlbK+la0sgi9JKA==, figureFileBig=nrB9bbwP02nQQnV4UShlBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889225050959952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Changes in GA and non ester catechins during the processing of flat-shaped green bud tea with different fixing methods, figureFileSmall=kgJWb7qEssG9308xCt0dxA==, figureFileBig=rugppqcD9pnBO+tgbQcdRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889225139040337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同杀青方式扁形绿芽茶加工过程GA及非酯型儿茶素变化, figureFileSmall=kgJWb7qEssG9308xCt0dxA==, figureFileBig=rugppqcD9pnBO+tgbQcdRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889225206149202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Changes in caffeine and ester catechins during the processing of flat-shaped green bud tea with different fixing methods, figureFileSmall=6xrYuMPtj5ocKa/wMUyrdw==, figureFileBig=xI6r+ck0aBzhqTfcp09tHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889225285840979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同杀青方式扁形绿芽茶加工过程CAF及酯型儿茶素变化, figureFileSmall=6xrYuMPtj5ocKa/wMUyrdw==, figureFileBig=xI6r+ck0aBzhqTfcp09tHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889225361338452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Characteristics of aroma components of flat-shaped green bud tea with different fixing methods, figureFileSmall=tIk2ePKTGBEgMxtNS+x2nw==, figureFileBig=Retd9M6vYKwDG55EyqyOuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889225428447317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同杀青方式扁形绿芽茶香气组分特征

注:A、B为不同组别挥发性代谢物种类占比图;C、D为不同组别差异代谢物种类韦恩图。

, figureFileSmall=tIk2ePKTGBEgMxtNS+x2nw==, figureFileBig=Retd9M6vYKwDG55EyqyOuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889225482973270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Differential metabolite characteristics in FL vs N-F vs N-T, figureFileSmall=tRLWTwRkCCfsG4Jc+w/OFQ==, figureFileBig=s5VnaGdmFAPFKwUQ8zZUpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889225562665047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, language=CN, label=图6, caption=FL vs N-F vs N-T 差异代谢物特征

注:A为PCA图;B为OPLS-DA模拟验证图;C为N-F vs FL差异代谢物火山图;D为N-T vs N-F差异代谢物火山图;E为FL vs N-F vs N-T差异代谢物热图;F为差异代谢物感官风味特征雷达图(前10种);G为差异代谢物VIP值图(前20)。

, figureFileSmall=tRLWTwRkCCfsG4Jc+w/OFQ==, figureFileBig=s5VnaGdmFAPFKwUQ8zZUpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889225654939736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Violin plot of differential metabolite content among the top 50 VIP metabolites with rOAV>1 in FL vs N-F vs N-T, figureFileSmall=GCoDQloD5npxH3nQX+IxrQ==, figureFileBig=S3NRv4xMUPOpyEBav/XxOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889225730437209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, language=CN, label=图7, caption=FL vs N-F vs N-T VIP前50种且rOAV>1的差异代谢物含量小提琴图, figureFileSmall=GCoDQloD5npxH3nQX+IxrQ==, figureFileBig=S3NRv4xMUPOpyEBav/XxOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889225810128986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Differential metabolite characteristics in FL vs M-F vs M-T, figureFileSmall=xDfwgctTgyrBdYXpdq/BLA==, figureFileBig=gXY9g+u9s4npije3yUJIOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889225889820763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, language=CN, label=图8, caption=FL vs M-F vs M-T差异代谢物特征

注:A为PCA图;B:OPLS-DA模拟验证图;C:M-F vs FL差异代谢物火山图;D:M-T vs M-F差异代谢物火山图;E:FL vs M-F VS M-T 差异代谢物热图;F:差异代谢物前10种感官风味特征分析雷达图;G:差异代谢物VIP值图(前20)。

, figureFileSmall=xDfwgctTgyrBdYXpdq/BLA==, figureFileBig=gXY9g+u9s4npije3yUJIOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889226288279644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Violin plot of differential metabolite content among the top 50 VIP metabolites with rOAV>1 in FL vs M-F vs M-T, figureFileSmall=MXCUPFCM3MTRZpiGY8HD7A==, figureFileBig=IvG4Zjmcj8bq+Ji5Ga2dnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889226359582813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, language=CN, label=图9, caption=FL vs M-F vs M-T VIP前50种且OAV>1的差异代谢物含量小提琴图, figureFileSmall=MXCUPFCM3MTRZpiGY8HD7A==, figureFileBig=IvG4Zjmcj8bq+Ji5Ga2dnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889226430885982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of sensory quality of flat-shaped green bud tea processed with different fixing methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
茶样
干茶(25%)汤色(10%)香气(25%)滋味(30%)叶底(10%)总分
评语得分评语得分评语得分评语得分评语得分
CK黄绿较扁芽形92.33±0.44Aa黄绿明亮92.00±0.67Aa栗香较鲜醇92.00±0.67Aa较醇爽92.00±0.67Aa芽头肥壮
绿润、匀
91.67±0.44Aa92.05±0.30Ab
WB黄绿尚扁芽形91.00±0.67Aa黄绿明亮94.00±0.67Aa栗香鲜醇94.33±0.89Aa醇爽94.00±0.67Aa芽头肥壮
绿润、匀
91.67±0.44Aa93.10±0.33Aa
), ArticleFig(id=1320889228217659487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同杀青方式扁形绿芽茶感官品质比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
茶样
干茶(25%)汤色(10%)香气(25%)滋味(30%)叶底(10%)总分
评语得分评语得分评语得分评语得分评语得分
CK黄绿较扁芽形92.33±0.44Aa黄绿明亮92.00±0.67Aa栗香较鲜醇92.00±0.67Aa较醇爽92.00±0.67Aa芽头肥壮
绿润、匀
91.67±0.44Aa92.05±0.30Ab
WB黄绿尚扁芽形91.00±0.67Aa黄绿明亮94.00±0.67Aa栗香鲜醇94.33±0.89Aa醇爽94.00±0.67Aa芽头肥壮
绿润、匀
91.67±0.44Aa93.10±0.33Aa
), ArticleFig(id=1320889228293156960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of L, a*, b* color of flat-shaped green bud tea processed with different fixing methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品干茶汤色叶底
La*b*La*b*La*b*
CK34.43±1.07Aa−4.20±0.13Aa13.80±0.38Aa82.21±0.29Aa−0.94±0.05Aa18.98±0.53Aa42.90±0.48Aa−4.47±0.09Aa18.01±0.30Bb
WB35.14±0.58Aa−4.49±0.20Ab14.17±0.15Aa82.36±0.28Aa−0.91±0.04Aa18.73±0.46Aa41.85±0.26Bb−5.10±0.13Bb20.48±0.30Aa
), ArticleFig(id=1320889228360265825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同杀青方式扁形绿芽茶L、a*、b*色泽比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品干茶汤色叶底
La*b*La*b*La*b*
CK34.43±1.07Aa−4.20±0.13Aa13.80±0.38Aa82.21±0.29Aa−0.94±0.05Aa18.98±0.53Aa42.90±0.48Aa−4.47±0.09Aa18.01±0.30Bb
WB35.14±0.58Aa−4.49±0.20Ab14.17±0.15Aa82.36±0.28Aa−0.91±0.04Aa18.73±0.46Aa41.85±0.26Bb−5.10±0.13Bb20.48±0.30Aa
), ArticleFig(id=1320889228431568994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of differential volatile metabolites rOAV in FL vs N-F vs N-T

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质物质一级分类分子式CAS气味阈值[26−28](μg/g)FLN-FN-T
4-氧化癸醛醛类C10H18O243160-78-7脂肪气0.0121.58×1031.29×1032.58×103
对伞花烃萜类C10H1499-87-6温和愉快的芳香气0.01142.68×1021.41×10253.2
月桂烯萜类C10H16123-35-3甜橘味和香脂气0.0152.58×1022.51×1022.75×102
十三烷烃类C13H28629-50-5烷烃0.0421.51×1021.36×1021.28×102
邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯酯类C8H9NO2134-20-3葡萄气味、橙香、花香0.00321.720.23.59
邻伞花烃萜类C10H14527-84-4芳香或类似香料的气味0.011442.802.532.38
), ArticleFig(id=1320889228490289251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

FL vs N-F vs N-T差异挥发性代谢物rOAV分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质物质一级分类分子式CAS气味阈值[26−28](μg/g)FLN-FN-T
4-氧化癸醛醛类C10H18O243160-78-7脂肪气0.0121.58×1031.29×1032.58×103
对伞花烃萜类C10H1499-87-6温和愉快的芳香气0.01142.68×1021.41×10253.2
月桂烯萜类C10H16123-35-3甜橘味和香脂气0.0152.58×1022.51×1022.75×102
十三烷烃类C13H28629-50-5烷烃0.0421.51×1021.36×1021.28×102
邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯酯类C8H9NO2134-20-3葡萄气味、橙香、花香0.00321.720.23.59
邻伞花烃萜类C10H14527-84-4芳香或类似香料的气味0.011442.802.532.38
), ArticleFig(id=1320889228632895588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Analysis of differential volatile metabolites rOAV in FL vs M-F vs M-T

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质物质一级分类分子式CAS气味阈值[27−29](μg/g)FLM-FM-T
1-癸醇醇类C10H22O112-30-1脂肪、似蜡的、花香、橙香、甜香、似水味0.0234.205.019.64
4-氧化癸醛醛类C10H18O243160-78-7脂肪气0.01231.940.778.5
月桂烯萜类C10H16123-35-3甜橘味和香脂气0.0156.792.651.71
十三烷烃类C13H28629-50-5烷烃0.0421.181.722.35
2-甲氧基-3-(1-甲基乙基)吡嗪杂环化合物C8H12N2O25773-40-4绿豆气味、巧克力、坚果气味0.0000024.72×1032.23×1031.57×103
3-十一酮酮类C11H22O2216-87-7−0.00834.595.3810.2
6-十一醇醇类C11H24O23708-56-7−0.00868.3810.918.3
(E)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二醛萜类C10H16O141-27-5柑橘、柠檬香气0.0284.004.828.59
柠檬醛萜类C10H16O5392-40-5尖锐的柠檬味、甜味0.11.261.482.85
), ArticleFig(id=1320889228733558885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889215315981307, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

FL vs M-F vs M-T差异挥发性代谢物rOAV分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质物质一级分类分子式CAS气味阈值[27−29](μg/g)FLM-FM-T
1-癸醇醇类C10H22O112-30-1脂肪、似蜡的、花香、橙香、甜香、似水味0.0234.205.019.64
4-氧化癸醛醛类C10H18O243160-78-7脂肪气0.01231.940.778.5
月桂烯萜类C10H16123-35-3甜橘味和香脂气0.0156.792.651.71
十三烷烃类C13H28629-50-5烷烃0.0421.181.722.35
2-甲氧基-3-(1-甲基乙基)吡嗪杂环化合物C8H12N2O25773-40-4绿豆气味、巧克力、坚果气味0.0000024.72×1032.23×1031.57×103
3-十一酮酮类C11H22O2216-87-7−0.00834.595.3810.2
6-十一醇醇类C11H24O23708-56-7−0.00868.3810.918.3
(E)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二醛萜类C10H16O141-27-5柑橘、柠檬香气0.0284.004.828.59
柠檬醛萜类C10H16O5392-40-5尖锐的柠檬味、甜味0.11.261.482.85
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不同杀青方式对扁形绿芽茶风味品质形成的影响
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杨娟 1 , 陈善敏 1 , 王杰 1 , 袁林颖 1 , 李解 1 , 张玉来 1 , 张莹 1 , 刘行 2 , 李明红 2, *
食品工业科技 | 特邀主编专栏 2026,47(2): 59-69
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食品工业科技 |特邀主编专栏 2026 , 47 (2) : 59 -69
不同杀青方式对扁形绿芽茶风味品质形成的影响
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杨娟1 , 陈善敏1, 王杰1, 袁林颖1, 李解1, 张玉来1, 张莹1, 刘行2, 李明红2, *
作者信息
  • 1重庆市农业科学院茶叶研究所,重庆 402160
  • 2四川省泸州市农业农村局,四川泸州 646000
通讯作者:
李明红(1986−),男,本科,高级农艺师,研究方向:茶叶生产加工及新技术推广,E-mail:。
作者简介:

杨娟(1986−),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:茶叶加工及综合利用,E-mail:

Effect of Different Fixing Methods on the Quality Formation of Flat-shaped Green Bud Tea
Juan YANG1 , Shanmin CHEN1, Jie WANG1, Linying YUAN1, Jie LI1, Yulai ZHANG1, Ying ZHANG1, Xing LIU2, Minghong LI2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Tea Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
  • 2Luzhou Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China
出版时间: 2026-01-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030150
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为探究不同杀青方式对扁形绿芽茶风味品质形成的影响,采用高效液相色谱(High performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)及顶空固相微萃取(Headspace solid phase microextraction,HS-SPME)联用气相色谱-质谱技术(Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC/MS)检测分析加工过程生化成分及香气变化。结果表明,微波补杀有利于改善扁形绿芽茶汤色、香气、滋味品质,对后期成茶中茶多酚、游离氨基酸及可溶性糖转化生成有利,同时有利于加工过程儿茶素(Catechin,C)、没食子儿茶素(Gallocatechin,GC)、表儿茶素(Epicatechin,EC)的后期生成。从对照组(CK)和微波补杀组(WB)中分别检测出972、966种挥发性代谢物,两组杀青处理中鲜叶、杀青叶及成茶间挥发性代谢物特征差异明显,微波补杀有利于丰富茶叶香气化合物种类,杀青叶与成茶间差异代谢物显著多于杀青叶与鲜叶间差异代谢物。对差异代谢物相对气味活度值(relative odor activity value,rOAV)分析,分别从CK组和WB组注释到6种、9种rOAV>1的差异代谢物,推测是不同杀青处理中各工序香气变化的关键呈香物质。其中具有似橙类水果香气风味表现的1-癸醇、(E)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二醛、柠檬醛以及具有温和愉快芳香气、橙香、花香风味表现的对伞花烃、邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯、邻伞花烃可能是引起不同杀青处理成茶香气品质差异的主要物质。本研究为川渝地区扁形绿芽茶品质特征形成成因及加工工艺优化提供理论参考。

扁形绿芽茶  /  杀青方式  /  成分  /  香气  /  品质

To investigate the effects of different fixation methods on the flavour of flat-shaped green bud tea, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were conducted to analyse the biochemical components and aroma changes during processing. The results showed that microwave supplementary fixing improved the quality of the soup color, aroma, and taste of the flat-shaped green bud tea. It benefited the transformation and generation of tea polyphenols, free amino acids and soluble sugars in the processed tea, as well as the later generation of catechin (C), gallocatechin (GC) and epicatechin (EC) during the processing. A total of 972 and 966 volatile metabolites were detected in the control group (CK) and the microwave supplementary fixing group (WB) respectively. In the two fixation treated groups, significant differences in volatile metabolites were detected among the fresh leaves, fixation leaves and processed teas. Microwave supplementary fixing enriched the types of tea aroma, with more differential metabolites between fixation leaves and processed tea identified than those between fixation leaves and fresh leaves. Analysis of the relative odor activity value (rOAV) of the differential metabolites showed 6 and 9 differential metabolites with rOAV>1 from the CK group and the WB group respectively, which were speculated to be the key aroma substances responsible for the aroma changes in each treatment. Among them, 1-decanol, (E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadialdehyde, and citral mainly contributed to the aroma and flavor similar to orange, while p-cymene, methyl anthranilate, and o-cymene exhibited a mild and pleasant aromatic, orange, and floral flavor. They were the main substances responsible for the differences in the aroma quality of the processed teas by different fixation methods. This study provided a theoretical basis for the generation of the different characteristics of flat-shaped green bud tea and the optimization of their processing technology in the Sichuan-Chongqing region.

flat-shaped green bud tea  /  fixing method  /  components  /  aroma  /  quality
杨娟, 陈善敏, 王杰, 袁林颖, 李解, 张玉来, 张莹, 刘行, 李明红. 不同杀青方式对扁形绿芽茶风味品质形成的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (2) : 59 -69 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030150
Juan YANG, Shanmin CHEN, Jie WANG, Linying YUAN, Jie LI, Yulai ZHANG, Ying ZHANG, Xing LIU, Minghong LI. Effect of Different Fixing Methods on the Quality Formation of Flat-shaped Green Bud Tea[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (2) : 59 -69 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030150
扁形绿芽茶是以嫩度极高的单芽为原料,经杀青、脱水、理条、干燥等工序后形成的具有色绿、扁平光滑外形特征一类茶叶,在川渝等地深受消费者青睐。杀青是绿茶加工中的关键步骤[1−2],其主要作用是通过高温迅速破坏鲜叶中酶的活性,阻止多酚类物质的酶促氧化,为绿茶“绿叶绿汤”的特色品质奠定基础,同时促进青草气味散失,清香型香气物质转化。然而因杀青设备不同,其杀青方式及参数亦不相同,因而使绿茶具有不同的风味特征,但其品质形成机理尚不清晰,对川渝地区绿芽茶产品风格定位及杀青技术掌握有重要影响。
已有研究发现绿茶杀青过程包括酶活性热阶段和非酶活性热阶段,不饱和脂肪酸、亚油酸苯丙素和类黄酮代谢途径在杀青过程中影响绿茶香气、滋味和色泽的形成[3]。杀青后,酰化黄酮糖苷、溶血磷脂酰类、嘌呤核苷类化合物相对含量显著提升[4];糖苷类化合物(苯乙醇樱草糖苷、芳樟醇樱草糖苷和芳樟醇氧化物樱草糖苷等)含量在杀青过程中增加了439%~2497%[5]。在不同茶类或不同造型茶叶加工中,杀青方式[6−9]、工艺[10−11]、程度[12]的控制不仅对杀青品质产生直接影响,还对后续品质的形成产生深远影响。Sun等[13]研究发现杀青主要影响黄茶和绿茶的苦味、涩味和甜味。而Wen等[14]研究发现精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢可能是绿茶和黄茶加工过程中香气形成的关键代谢途径,11种挥发性代谢物对绿茶和黄茶的香气品质有显著贡献,尤其是乙酸、丁酸苯乙酯,具有玫瑰香和果香。Ouyang等[15]发现杀青和揉捻过程是条形绿茶香气形成的关键,差异挥发性代谢物中脂肪酸衍生挥发物和糖苷衍生挥发物对条形绿茶香气贡献显著。扁形绿茶龙井茶的杀青过程促进了赖氨酰胆碱和赖氨酰乙醇胺的形成以及酯化多不饱和脂肪酸的释放,从而使磷脂酸水平降低[16];215 ℃杀青温度下龙井茶品质最佳[10]。
微波技术由于快速升温、高热效率、均匀加热和精确控制等特性,已广泛应用于绿茶制作的热处理步骤,包括杀青和干燥[17]。研究发现微波杀青对黄金芽绿茶GABA含量保留效果最好[18],对秋季绿茶有保绿降苦作用[19]。蒸汽+微波杀青工艺可降低贵州针茶苦涩味,提升香气[20]。可见,微波杀青对不同茶叶原料具有不同的杀青效果,影响茶叶整体风味形成。鉴于此,本文采用重庆地区较普遍的杀青方式(蒸汽+热风)为对照,分析微波补杀对扁形绿芽茶品质形成的影响,以期丰富加工理论,优化加工工艺,指导川渝地区扁形绿芽茶生产。
鲜茶(‘福选9号’,采摘标准为独芽) 于2024年3月2日采摘自泸州荣龙茶厂茶园;咖啡碱(Caffeine,CAF)、没食子酸(Gallic acid,GA)、儿茶素(Catechin,C)、表儿茶素(Epicatechin,EC)、没食子儿茶素(Gallocatechin,GC)、表没食子儿茶素(Epigallocatechin,EGC)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(Epicatechin gallate,ECG)、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(Gallocatechin gallate,GCG)、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(Epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG) 均为标准品,美国Sigma公司;甲醇(色谱纯)、冰乙酸(色谱纯)、福林酚、水合茚三酮、谷氨酸、蒽酮等(均为分析纯) 重庆铂锶钛科技有限公司;氯化钠(分析纯) 国药集团化学试剂有限公司;正己烷(色谱纯) 德国Merck公司;内标物质[2,2,4,4-D4]-3-己酮(CAS:24588-54-3) 色谱纯,加拿大CDN公司;建库标准品 云南西力生物技术股份有限公司/美国Sigma-Aldrich公司。
6CZQC-300Z蒸汽杀青机 重庆市农业科学院;DXCWS-21茶叶微波杀青干燥设备 宜兴市鼎兴微波设备有限公司;6CHD-80动态烘干机、6CLZ-60D名茶理条机 四川省名山县山峰茶机厂;6CH-54茶叶烘焙箱 福建安溪兴民茶叶机械厂;CR410便携式色差计 柯尼卡美能达(中国)投资有限公司;1200型高效液相色谱仪、8890-7000E GC-MS/MS、DB-5MS(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)色谱柱、120 μm DVB/CWR/PDMS萃取头 Agilent公司;MM400球磨仪 Retsch公司;MS105DU电子天平 Mettler Toledo公司; SPME Arrow固相微萃取装置、Fiber Conditioning Station老化装置、Agitator样品加热箱 CTC Analytics AG公司。
加工工艺流程为:鲜叶→杀青→脱水→理条→干燥。操作要点:杀青以蒸汽+热风脱水为对照(CK),以处理蒸汽+热风+微波为试验组(WB);脱水:70 ℃,约5 min;理条:160 ℃→150 ℃→140 ℃,频率200次/min→180次/min,约12 min;干燥:两次烘干,初烘100 ℃,10 min;足烘85 ℃,约15 min。鲜叶取样200~300 g,经微波高火杀青1 min后重新摊铺,继续杀青1 min,杀青后叶样经80 ℃烘焙箱中烘(约30 min)至足干即为鲜叶样,其余加工环节分别取样200~300 g后80 ℃烘焙箱中烘(约30 min)至足干,每次取样重复3次,所有采集样品-80 ℃低温保存待测,其中鲜叶样品(FL),CK组杀青叶(N-F)、成茶(N-T);WB组杀青叶(M-F)、成茶(M-T)检测香气组分。
由3位高级评茶员按GB/T 23776-2018《茶叶感官审评方法》进行密码评分审评。
采用便携式色差计测定干茶、汤色及叶底色泽,重复测定6次。采用标准审评方式(GB/T 23776-2018)对样品进行冲泡后,待茶汤冷制室温采集其汤色及叶底数据。
茶多酚、没食子酸(GA)、表没食子儿茶素(EGC)、儿茶素(D\L-C)、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)、表儿茶素(EC)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(ECG)含量测定依据GB/T 8313-2018《茶叶中茶多酚和儿茶素类含量的检测方法》[21];氨基酸含量测定依据GB/T 8314-2013《茶 游离氨基酸总量的测定》[22];咖啡碱(CAF)含量测定依据GB/T 8312-2013《茶 咖啡碱测定》[23];水浸出物含量测定依据GB/T 8305-2013《茶 水浸出物测定》[24];可溶性糖含量测定采用蒽酮比色法[25],即取1 mL稀释后的茶汤加8 mL蒽酮硫酸试剂于带塞的试管中,沸水浴7 min,以1 mL蒸馏水为空白对照,标准液各取1 mL作标准曲线,冷却至室温后,于620 nm下比色,根据光密度值计算对应的葡萄糖含量。
采用全自动顶空固相微萃取(headspace solid phase microextraction,HS-SPME)进行样本萃取。样品经液氮研磨,涡旋混合均匀后准确称取0.5 g研磨茶样置于固相微萃取瓶中,加入饱和NaCl溶液,20 μL(10 μg/mL)内标溶液,在60 ℃恒温条件下,振荡5 min,120 µm DVB/CWR/PDMS 萃取头插入样品顶空瓶,顶空萃取15 min,于250 ℃下解析5 min,然后进行GC-MS分离鉴定。采样前萃取头在Fiber Conditioning Station中250 ℃下老化5 min。注:新萃取头在萃取前在Fiber Conditioning Station中老化2 h。
色谱柱:DB-5MS 毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm),载气为高纯氦气(纯度不小于99.999%),恒流流速1.2 mL/min,进样口温度250 ℃,不分流进样,溶剂延迟3.5 min。程序升温:40 ℃保持3.5 min,以10 ℃/min 升至100 ℃,再以7 ℃/min升至180 ℃,最后以25 ℃/min升至280 ℃,保持5 min。
质谱条件:电子轰击离子源(EI),离子源温度230 ℃,四级杆温度150 ℃,质谱接口温度280 ℃,电子能量70 eV,扫描方式为选择离子检测模式(SIM),定性定量离子精准扫描。
定性分析:基于自建数据库,各试样经气相色谱-质谱分析后,所得各总离子色谱图(total ion chromatogram,TIC),用MassHunter定量软件进行积分和校正工作,根据代谢物检测的保留时间和离子流强度进行质谱定性定量分析[26],并采用内标半定量法计算样品中挥发性有机化合物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)的相对含量,样品中VOCs的相对含量计算公式如下。
$\rm X_i=\frac{V_s\times C_s}{M} \times \frac{I_i}{I_s}\times 100^{-3} $
式中,Xi为待测样品中化合物i的含量(μg/g);Vs为加入内标物的体积(μL);Cs为内标物的浓度(μg/mL);M为待测样品的量(g);Is为内标物的峰面积;Ii为待测样品中化合物i的峰面积。
代谢物相对气味活度值(relative odor activity value,rOAV)分析:rOAV是结合化合物的感觉阈值建立的确定食品关键风味化合物的方法,用于阐明每种香气化合物对样品整体香气特征的贡献。VOCs的阈值,是指VOCs可嗅物质浓度到达一定的气味强度后,才会有明显的味道,相关物质阈值参考相关文献[27−29]。一般来说rOAV≥1,表明该化合物对样品风味有直接的贡献。参考文献[30−31]进行rOAV分析,其计算公式如下:
$\rm r O A V_{i}=\frac{C_{i}}{T_{i}} $
式中,rOAVi为化合物i的相对气味活度值;Ci为化合物的相对含量(μg/g);Ti为化合物的阈值(Threshold,μg/g)。VOCs香气描述来源于:http://www.chemicalbook.com或http://perflavory.com/ 或http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com 或http://www.odour.org.uk/odour/index.html 或 http://foodflavorlab.cn/#/home。
数据经过均值化(unit variance scaling,UV)后采用主成分分析(Principal component analysis,PCA),正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis,OPLS-DA)采用log2转化+中心化处理方式进行数据处理,两组间代谢物差异的过滤标准为:VIP值大于1,差异倍数(Fold Change)变化大于2或小于0.5。显著性数据分析采用IBM SPSS Statistics 27软件进行单因素方差分析,用最小显著差异法 (LSD) 比较显著性差异。相关性聚类分析热图及其他采用迈维线上制图工具及Graphpad Prism 9.5等软件进行数据分析与绘图。
感官审评是对茶叶品质的综合评价。不同杀青处理成茶外形及冲泡茶汤见图1,并从表1可以看出,经微波补杀后加工出的扁形茶在汤色、香气、滋味品质平均得分有所升高,总分差异显著(P<0.05),其汤色绿度、香气鲜度、滋味醇度优于CK;而干茶外形扁度稍逊于CK,可能与CK组未经微波杀青,杀青叶水分较充足而有利于造型有关。
色泽是影响绿茶品质及价值的重要指标,不仅受叶绿素、类胡萝卜素等脂溶性色素的影响,同时也会受部分儿茶素组分的影响[32]。从表2可以看出,经微波补杀后加工出的扁形茶在干茶色泽的亮度(L值)和黄度(b*值)上差异不显著,而绿度(a*值)差异显著(P<0.05),WB组显著低于CK组;但汤色各指标值差异不显著。叶底上,CK组L、a*值极显著高于WB组(P<0.01),b*值极显著低于WB组(P<0.01),说明CK组扁形茶叶底亮度好于WB组,但绿度、黄度WB组高于CK。在一定程度上反映了微波补杀有改善干茶及叶底色泽的作用。
生化成分是影响茶汤滋味表现的物质基础。从图2可以看出,在CK处理加工过程中,氨基酸、水浸出物含量各环节变化差异不显著;茶多酚在脱水叶中含量最高(20.16%),显著高于成茶(P<0.05);可溶性糖在杀青后含量最高(4.22%),显著高于其他各工序(P<0.05)。WB处理加工过程中,水浸出物含量在各工序差异不显著;茶多酚在成茶中含量最高(20.55%),显著高于脱水叶(P<0.05);氨基酸在成茶中含量最高(3.85%),显著高于理条前各工序在制样(P<0.05);可溶性糖在理条叶中含量最高(4.08%),显著高于鲜叶及杀青叶(P<0.05)。综上,微波补杀对后期成茶中茶多酚、游离氨基酸及可溶性糖转化生成有利。
儿茶素类是茶叶中具有苦味及涩味双重滋味属性的一类化合物,根据化学结构的差异,可分为酯型儿茶素(EGCG、ECG、GCG、CG)和非酯型儿茶素(EC、EGC、C、GC)。酯型儿茶素阈值低于非酯型儿茶素,苦味和收敛性强于非酯型儿茶素,在茶汤中含量较高,是影响茶汤苦涩味的关键化学成分[33];而没食子酸(GA)能够促进茶汤的回甘[34]。咖啡碱(CAF)是茶叶中的主要生物碱,被认为是主要的苦味物质,且在加工过程中比较稳定[35]。从图3可以看出,采用微波补杀杀青对GA无显著影响;对非酯型儿茶素在加工过程中的变化有一定影响。其中,微波补杀处理C、GC、EC在随着加工过程进行呈先降后升的趋势,成茶中含量显著高于杀青叶及脱水叶(P<0.05)。而对照处理则呈先增后降再缓升的趋势,在脱水叶中含量较高。EGC在CK处理中呈缓慢上升的变化趋势,成茶显著高于鲜叶(P<0.05);在微波补杀出来中呈先升后降的趋势,脱水叶中含量最高。可能是因为在热的作用下,一部分顺式儿茶素(EGC)会可变为反式儿茶素(GC)的缘故[36]。
从图4可以看出,杀青采用微波补杀对CAF、GCG有较明显的影响,CAF在CK组整个加工过程差异不显著,经微波补杀后有了明显的波动,而GCG则相反。微波补杀对酯型儿茶素EGCG、ECG在加工过程中的变化也有一定影响。其中,CK组EGCG在理条叶中含量最高,呈先升后降的波浪式起伏趋势;而WB组其含量则在脱水叶中含量最高,且成茶显著高于鲜叶(P<0.05)。ECG在CK组杀青后变化不显著,而WB组则在后期有波动,但成茶含量均显著高于鲜叶(P<0.05)。
香气是评价茶叶品质的重要因子。对2种杀青方式杀青叶及成茶进行香气物质分析,于CK组共检测出15类972种挥发性代谢物,WB组共检测出15类966种挥发性代谢物,各类物质含量及种类占比见图5A和图5B,占比较高的是萜类(CK:25.72%、WB:24.74%)、酯类、酮类、杂环化合物、醇类。M-F与FL间差异代谢物有114种,N-F与FL间差异代谢物有94种(图5C,图5D),说明微波补杀有利于挥发性代谢物的生成。经加工后,M-T与M-F间差异代谢物365种,N-T 与 N-F间差异代谢物316种。可见,杀青叶与成茶间的差异代谢物均显著多于杀青叶与鲜叶间差异代谢物,说明扁形茶在加工后期如理条、干燥环节对香气的形成影响较大。
从图6A可以看出,PCA结果显示CK杀青处理中鲜叶、杀青叶及成茶间区分显著,OPLS-DA(图6B)其Q2值达0.899,R2Y值达0.993,说明预测模型有效且模型稳定可靠。以显著差异标准VIP>1.0,P<0.05,FC≥2或者FC≤1/2对N-F vs FL、N-T vs N-F差异代谢物进行筛选,杀青叶较鲜叶中上调的差异代谢物有6种,下调的有27种,无显著差异的有836种;成茶较杀青叶中上调的差异代谢物有120种,下调的有160种,无显著差异的有666种(图6C、图6D)。以上化合物变化也可说明扁形茶加工后期,尤其是理条、干燥阶段香气特征变化剧烈,香气物质种类及含量均变化显著。
从差异代谢物热图及聚类效果可看出(图6E),鲜叶与杀青叶样本中挥发性代谢物差异较小,而成茶与鲜叶及杀青叶差异较大,成茶中大部分代谢物呈下调的趋势。而在这些差异挥发性代谢物中注释个数最高的前10种风味依次为水果香、青香、甜香、木香、药草香、花香、柑橘香、蜡质味、香膏质味、辛辣味(图6F)。如图6G所示,VIP值最大的前10个化合物分别是:1-萜品烯-4-醇、(-)-4-萜品醇、2-(4-乙基苯氧基)乙醇、α,α-二甲基-4-亚甲基环己烷甲醇、邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯、(2Z)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯酸、香叶酸、反式-芳樟醇氧化物(呋喃型)、顺式-芳樟醇氧化物(呋喃型)、2-氨基-5-甲基苯甲酸。
对VIP值最大的50种差异代谢挥发物进行rOAV分析,注释到6种代谢物rOAV>1(表3),分别是4-氧化癸醛、对伞花烃、月桂烯、十三烷、邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯、邻伞花烃,其中对伞花烃具有温和愉快的芳香气,月桂烯具有甜橘味和香脂气,邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯具有葡萄气味,邻伞花烃具有芳香或类似香料的气味,均呈现出含量随着加工进程逐渐下降的趋势。而表现为油脂气的4-氧化癸醛和十三烷的含量则呈现随着加工进程逐渐上升的趋势(图7)。以上挥发性代谢物可能是CK杀青处理各工序香气变化最显著的物质基础。
PCA(图8A)、OPLS-DA(图8B)结果显示WB杀青处理中鲜叶、杀青叶及成茶间区分显著,杀青叶较鲜叶中上调的差异代谢物有16种,下调的有36种,无显著差异的有816种;成茶较杀青叶中上调的差异代谢物有70种,下调的有265种,无显著差异的有597种(图8C、图8D)。同上,也可看出扁形茶加工后期,香气物质种类及含量均变化显著;同时WB杀青较CK杀青方式代谢物变化更多。
从差异代谢物热图及聚类效果可看出(图8E),鲜叶与杀青叶样本中挥发性代谢物差异稍小,而成茶与鲜叶及杀青叶差异较大。从代谢物聚类可以看出,在三层级上代谢物变化主要有4类,一类是化合物在M-F及M-T含量较高,FL中含量较低;二类是化合物在M-T含量较高,在M-F、FL含量较低;三类是化合物在M-F、FL含量较高,在M-T含量较低;四类是化合物在M-F中含量较高,在M-F及M-T含量较低。而注释到这些差异挥发性代谢物数量较多的前10种风味表现依次为甜香、水果香、青香、木香、花香、药草香、蜡质味、柑橘香、香膏质味、清新味。VIP值最大的前10个化合物分别是:顺式-芳樟醇氧化物(呋喃型)、反式-芳樟醇氧化物(呋喃型)、(E)-2-甲基-2-丁烯二酸、2-甲氧基-3-(1-甲基乙基)吡嗪、月桂烯、4-氧化癸醛、十三烷、顺式-5-丁基二氢-4-甲基-2(3H)-呋喃酮、δ-萜品烯、2-(2-己烯基)环戊酮(图8G)。其中与CK处理一致的仅反式-芳樟醇氧化物(呋喃型)、顺式-芳樟醇氧化物(呋喃型)。
对VIP值最大的50种差异代谢挥发物进行rOAV分析,注释到9种代谢物rOAV≥1(表4)。分别是具有脂肪气、花香甜香等复杂香气表现的1-癸醇、脂肪气的4-氧化癸醛、尖锐的柠檬味、甜味的柠檬醛和具有柑橘、柠檬香气的(E)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二醛随着加工进程呈逐渐上升的趋势。其次十三烷、3-十一酮、6-十一醇也表现出同样的趋势。而具有甜橘味、香脂气的月桂烯和绿豆气味、巧克力、坚果气味的2-甲氧基-3-(1-甲基乙基)吡嗪则呈现随着加工进程逐渐下降的趋势(图9)。以上挥发性代谢物可能是WB杀青处理各工序香气变化最显著的物质基础。
综合CK组和WB处理鲜叶、杀青叶与成茶香气组分差异分析,WB处理中呈增加变化的差异代谢物明显较CK组多,说明微波补杀有利于丰富茶叶香气。月桂烯、4-氧化癸醛、十三烷是两组处理中具有共同变化的差异代谢物;而两个处理呈现出的差异香气风味表现,可能与具有似橙类水果香气风味表现的1-癸醇、(E)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二醛、柠檬醛以及具有温和愉快芳香气、橙香、花香风味表现的对伞花烃、邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯、邻伞花烃这些重要物质含量变化有关。
杀青是绿茶加工的关键工序,不同杀青方式具有不同杀青效果,对茶叶品质形成有重要影响。本文以蒸汽+热风杀青为对照,蒸汽+热风+微波杀青为试验组,解析了其加工过程生化成分及香气成分的变化。结果显示,微波补杀具有改善扁形绿芽茶干茶及叶底色泽的效果,感官综合品质有所提升,其对后期成茶中茶多酚、游离氨基酸及可溶性糖转化生成有利,与前人研究结果一致[19]。同时也有利于加工过程C、GC、EC在后期转化中生成,可能是改善茶汤滋味的重要因素。
采用HS-SPME-GC/MS对样品挥发性代谢物进行分析,分别从CK、WB组检测到972、966种挥发性代谢物,一级物质分类共15类,其中物质含量及种类占比较高的有萜类、酯类、酮类、杂环化合物及醇类化合物。两种杀青方式中,微波补杀有利于丰富茶叶香气种类。而两组杀青处理杀青叶与成茶间的差异代谢物均显著多于其杀青叶与鲜叶间差异代谢物,可能是后期的热加工,如理条、干燥环节对香气形成有重要影响[37]。差异代谢物下调数量均高于上调。可能是由于代谢物数量后期增加较多,导致大部分挥发性物质含量呈降低的趋势。对各组VIP值最大的50种差异代谢挥发物进行rOAV分析,分别从CK组及WB组注释到6种和9种差异代谢物rOAV>1,推测是不同杀青处理中各工序香气变化的关键呈香物质。其中具有甜橘味、香脂气的月桂烯、脂肪气的4-氧化癸醛和十三烷是两组处理中具有共同变化的差异代谢物,可能是由绿茶加工工艺引起特征差异代谢物;而不同杀青处理扁形绿芽茶香气差异的主要物质则是具有似橙类水果香气风味表现的1-癸醇、(E)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二醛、柠檬醛以及具有温和愉快芳香气、橙香、花香风味表现的对伞花烃、邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯、邻伞花烃。
本研究比较了两种杀青方式对扁形绿芽茶品质的影响,筛选出了其香气品质变化的显著差异代谢物及重要贡献物质,为川渝地区扁形绿芽茶品质特征形成成因及加工工艺优化提供理论参考,同时如何调控其品质变化方向等机理机制也值得进一步探索。

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2026年第47卷第2期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030150
  • 接收时间:2025-03-12
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-12
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    1重庆市农业科学院茶叶研究所,重庆 402160
    2四川省泸州市农业农村局,四川泸州 646000

通讯作者:

李明红(1986−),男,本科,高级农艺师,研究方向:茶叶生产加工及新技术推广,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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