Article(id=1320889154611827034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320888908896907909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020282, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740931200000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854115393, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1772294400000, pubDateStr=2026-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854115393, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854115393, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854115393, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320888908896907909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='503', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1772294400000', pubDateStr='2026-03-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854056809, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854056809, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=119, endPage=127, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889154838319451, articleId=1320889154611827034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of the Enrichment of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid in Germinating Purple Kidney Bean by the Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Combined with VB6 and VC, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to investigate the enrichment effect of cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) combined with VB6 and VC on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content enrichment of purple kidney bean germination. The purple kidney beans were used as raw materials. The effects of different concentrations of VB6 and VC on the GABA enrichment of germinated beans treated with cold atmospheric pressure plasma as well as the activities of related metabolic enzymes were investigated. The results demonstrated that the method of cold atmospheric pressure plasma treatment with VB6 and VC promoted the enrichment of GABA in sprouted purple kidney beans. The GABA enrichment content reached 10.05±0.93 mg/g at 72 h of germination when treated with the CAPP combined with 0.25 mg/mL VC. The GABA enrichment content reached 10.09±0.06 mg/g at 72 h germination when treated with CAPP combined with 0.5 mg/mL VB6. Analysis of enzyme activities of germinated purple kidney beans at 72 h revealed that CAPP, VB6 and VC treatments enhanced glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity while partially suppressing polyamine oxidase (PAO) activity. The combination of CAPP with VB6 and CAPP with VC for the germination of purple kidney beans both enriched GABA by enhancing the activity of GAD and suppressing the activity of GABA transaminase (GABA-T). The result showed that the treatment condition had a promotion effect on the enrichment of GABA in the germination of kidney beans, and established a theoretical foundation for the production of high GABA rich food.

, authors=Ruinan GAO1, Qingpeng XU1, Ying WANG1, 2, 3, *, Zili ZHAO4, Bing LI4, authorsList=Ruinan GAO, Qingpeng XU, Ying WANG, Zili ZHAO, Bing LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ying WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889156662841704, articleId=1320889154611827034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=低温等离子体联合VB6和VC胁迫对紫花芸豆发芽富集γ-氨基丁酸的影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究低温等离子体(cold atmospheric pressure plasma,CAPP)联合VB6和VC胁迫对紫花芸豆发芽富集γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)含量的富集作用及效果。本实验以紫花芸豆为原料,采用不同浓度VB6溶液和VC溶液联合低温等离子体发芽,考察不同浓度VB6和VC对低温等离子体处理的芽豆GABA富集量以及相关代谢酶活性的影响。结果表明:低温等离子体联合VB6和VC处理对发芽紫花芸豆富集GABA有促进作用;CAPP联合0.25 mg/mL VC处理后,在发芽72 h时GABA富集量为10.05±0.93 mg/g。CAPP联合0.5 mg/mL VB6处理后,在发芽72 h时GABA富集量为10.09±0.06 mg/g。通过对发芽72 h紫花芸豆相关酶活性分析,CAPP、VB6和VC处理对谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)活性有促进作用,但对多胺氧化酶(PAO)活性有一定抑制作用。CAPP联合VB6以及CAPP联合VC处理紫花芸豆发芽都是通过提高GAD活性和抑制γ-氨基丁酸转氨酶(GABA-T)活性从而富集GABA。研究表明CAPP联合VB6和VC胁迫对芸豆发芽富集γ-氨基丁酸有促进作用,为生产富含高GABA食品提供理论参考。

, authors=高瑞楠1, 许庆鹏1, 王颖1, 2, 3, *, 赵自力4, 李冰4, authorsList=高瑞楠, 许庆鹏, 王颖, 赵自力, 李冰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王颖, authorNote=

高瑞楠(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
王颖(1979−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏工程及食品质量安全,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=nGpfXpFHgxXpsPZU+Bamlw==, magXml=ay3x8wWV6Mj4cgoP/DqLug==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=gQkFAahPpeF+GxVh6ho7zQ==, pdfFileSize=1189197, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=JCdE4PtzqSIlSIgABp+Afg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=QCLvc2avUrue+clSu6JkAQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320889157237461366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889154611827034, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=gaoruinan0459@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320889157342318968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889154611827034, authorId=1320889157237461366, language=EN, stringName=Ruinan GAO, firstName=Ruinan, middleName=null, lastName=GAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural Reclamation University, Daqing 163319, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320889157417816441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889154611827034, authorId=1320889157237461366, language=CN, stringName=高瑞楠, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院,黑龙江大庆 163319, bio={"content":"

高瑞楠(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程,E-mail:

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高瑞楠(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程,E-mail:

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注:不同大小写字母表示同一处理条件不同发芽时间的样品之间结果具有显著性差异(P<0.05),*表示同一发芽时间不同处理条件的样品之间结果具有显著性差异(P<0.05),图2同。

, figureFileSmall=TFVfivwAxX0wbS4PR7zIQw==, figureFileBig=JCdE4PtzqSIlSIgABp+Afg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889160064422302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889154611827034, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of VC (A) and CAPP combined with VC (B) on GABA enrichment in purple kidney beans, figureFileSmall=Bvqa2nBT78E+DWtXcKKs/g==, figureFileBig=56Zu5JzSwAJlZjxilp2iUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889160148308383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889154611827034, language=CN, label=图2, caption=VC(A)以及CAPP联合VC(B)对紫花芸豆富集GABA的影响

注:*表示不同发芽时间相同处理条件的紫花芸豆之间结果具有显著性差异,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,图3同。

, figureFileSmall=Bvqa2nBT78E+DWtXcKKs/g==, figureFileBig=56Zu5JzSwAJlZjxilp2iUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889160211222944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889154611827034, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of VB6 (A) and CAPP combined with VB6 (B) on GABA enrichment in purple kidney beans, figureFileSmall=5w/+/pFuHvMc2Uovl3vPqQ==, figureFileBig=q6BQpp6K6h9iYqR8XXwNTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889160290914721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889154611827034, language=CN, label=图3, caption=VB6(A)以及CAPP联合VB6(B)对紫花芸豆富集GABA的影响, figureFileSmall=5w/+/pFuHvMc2Uovl3vPqQ==, figureFileBig=q6BQpp6K6h9iYqR8XXwNTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889160387383714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889154611827034, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of different treatment conditions on GAD activity at different time, figureFileSmall=YA4wsww8TnxhBRjrKlavmQ==, figureFileBig=I+ChIBiASefmQ17zfU/8TA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889160488047011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889154611827034, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同时间下不同条件对GAD活性的影响

注:不同小写字母表示不同处理条件下萌发24 h紫花芸豆之间结果具有显著性差异(P<0.05);不同大写字母表示不同处理条件下萌发72 h紫花芸豆之间结果具有显著性差异(P<0.05);*表示同一处理条件下不同萌发时间之间结果具有显著性差异,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,图5~图6同。

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低温等离子体联合VB6和VC胁迫对紫花芸豆发芽富集γ-氨基丁酸的影响
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高瑞楠 1 , 许庆鹏 1 , 王颖 1, 2, 3, * , 赵自力 4 , 李冰 4
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(5): 119-127
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (5) : 119 -127
低温等离子体联合VB6和VC胁迫对紫花芸豆发芽富集γ-氨基丁酸的影响
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高瑞楠(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程,E-mail:

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高瑞楠1 , 许庆鹏1, 王颖1, 2, 3, * , 赵自力4, 李冰4
作者信息
  • 1黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院,黑龙江大庆 163319
  • 2国家杂粮工程技术研究中心,黑龙江大庆 163319
  • 3厦门海洋职业技术学院,福建厦门 361100
  • 4安徽省农业科学院皖北研究院,安徽合肥 236658
通讯作者:
王颖(1979−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏工程及食品质量安全,E-mail:。
作者简介:

高瑞楠(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程,E-mail:

Effect of the Enrichment of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid in Germinating Purple Kidney Bean by the Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Combined with VB6 and VC
Ruinan GAO1 , Qingpeng XU1, Ying WANG1, 2, 3, * , Zili ZHAO4, Bing LI4
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural Reclamation University, Daqing 163319, China
  • 2National Research for Grain Engineering Technology, Daqing 163319, China
  • 3Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361100, China
  • 4Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wanbei Research Institute, Hefei 236658, China
出版时间: 2026-03-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020282
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为探究低温等离子体(cold atmospheric pressure plasma,CAPP)联合VB6和VC胁迫对紫花芸豆发芽富集γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)含量的富集作用及效果。本实验以紫花芸豆为原料,采用不同浓度VB6溶液和VC溶液联合低温等离子体发芽,考察不同浓度VB6和VC对低温等离子体处理的芽豆GABA富集量以及相关代谢酶活性的影响。结果表明:低温等离子体联合VB6和VC处理对发芽紫花芸豆富集GABA有促进作用;CAPP联合0.25 mg/mL VC处理后,在发芽72 h时GABA富集量为10.05±0.93 mg/g。CAPP联合0.5 mg/mL VB6处理后,在发芽72 h时GABA富集量为10.09±0.06 mg/g。通过对发芽72 h紫花芸豆相关酶活性分析,CAPP、VB6和VC处理对谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)活性有促进作用,但对多胺氧化酶(PAO)活性有一定抑制作用。CAPP联合VB6以及CAPP联合VC处理紫花芸豆发芽都是通过提高GAD活性和抑制γ-氨基丁酸转氨酶(GABA-T)活性从而富集GABA。研究表明CAPP联合VB6和VC胁迫对芸豆发芽富集γ-氨基丁酸有促进作用,为生产富含高GABA食品提供理论参考。

紫花芸豆  /  发芽  /  低温等离子体  /  γ-氨基丁酸  /  VB6  /  VC

This study aimed to investigate the enrichment effect of cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) combined with VB6 and VC on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content enrichment of purple kidney bean germination. The purple kidney beans were used as raw materials. The effects of different concentrations of VB6 and VC on the GABA enrichment of germinated beans treated with cold atmospheric pressure plasma as well as the activities of related metabolic enzymes were investigated. The results demonstrated that the method of cold atmospheric pressure plasma treatment with VB6 and VC promoted the enrichment of GABA in sprouted purple kidney beans. The GABA enrichment content reached 10.05±0.93 mg/g at 72 h of germination when treated with the CAPP combined with 0.25 mg/mL VC. The GABA enrichment content reached 10.09±0.06 mg/g at 72 h germination when treated with CAPP combined with 0.5 mg/mL VB6. Analysis of enzyme activities of germinated purple kidney beans at 72 h revealed that CAPP, VB6 and VC treatments enhanced glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity while partially suppressing polyamine oxidase (PAO) activity. The combination of CAPP with VB6 and CAPP with VC for the germination of purple kidney beans both enriched GABA by enhancing the activity of GAD and suppressing the activity of GABA transaminase (GABA-T). The result showed that the treatment condition had a promotion effect on the enrichment of GABA in the germination of kidney beans, and established a theoretical foundation for the production of high GABA rich food.

purple kidney bean  /  sprout  /  cold atmospheric pressure plasm  /  gamma-aminobutyric acid  /  vitamin B6  /  vitamin C
高瑞楠, 许庆鹏, 王颖, 赵自力, 李冰. 低温等离子体联合VB6和VC胁迫对紫花芸豆发芽富集γ-氨基丁酸的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (5) : 119 -127 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020282
Ruinan GAO, Qingpeng XU, Ying WANG, Zili ZHAO, Bing LI. Effect of the Enrichment of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid in Germinating Purple Kidney Bean by the Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Combined with VB6 and VC[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (5) : 119 -127 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020282
芸豆(kidney bean),生物学名为多花菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.),是一种营养价值很高的食用豆类[1]。其富含膳食纤维、淀粉、蛋白质、植物化学物质及微量元素[2]等多种活性组分,具有增强抗病能力、激活淋巴T细胞、促进脱氧核糖核酸合成等功能[3]。γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)是一种非蛋白质氨基酸[4],是动物体内重要的抑制性神经递质[5],具有缓解焦虑、保肝护肾、降糖、降血压等多种生理功效[6−7]。GABA在植物中作为一种逆环境生长因子,当豆类发芽生长阶段遭低温胁迫、盐胁迫、干旱和机械损伤等非生物型胁迫,GABA会大量富集,抵御逆环境胁迫保护种子生长发芽。芸豆发芽过程中,植物种子内蛋白酶及谷氨酸经谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)、多胺氧化酶(PAO)等相关限速酶被激活,蛋白质开始水解,使得作为底物的L-谷氨酸含量增加,进而为GABA合成提供了充足条件。在化学胁迫、物理胁迫和机械损伤等逆环境胁迫下,植物体内的γ-氨基丁酸含量明显升高[8]。
维生素C(VC)又名L-抗坏血酸(ascorbic acid,AsA),是一种水溶性维生素。在植物体内,可以提高植株的抗病性同时能够帮助植物抵抗干旱、臭氧及紫外线的损伤,维持植物正常光合作用的进行。VC具有显著的抗氧化能力,被证实可有效提高植物对多种非生物胁迫的耐受性。申玉华等[9]的研究表明,外源VC处理可促进盐胁迫下紫花苜蓿种子发芽,提高幼苗的内源AsA,提高抗氧化酶活性,降低离子毒性。维生素B6(VB6)是一种重要的辅酶,属于B族水溶性维生素,是维持人体健康和生理功能所必需的微量营养素,但人体自身不能合成,必须从食物中摄取。VB6具有抗氧化和抗炎等功能,对心脑血管疾病、糖尿病、癌症等多种疾病的治疗至关重要,在食品行业中具有重要的商业价值[10]。低温等离子体(cold atmospheric pressure plasma,CAPP)是在大气压力下产生的非热等离子体,CAPP由于不使用低压设备而且易产生等离子体气体,避免了热处理对GABA的降解,可以一次性按分钟处理大批量样品,有利于工厂高效地生产高GABA芽豆。已有研究发现,等离子体和种子发芽之间的相互作用包括种皮改性,生物代谢反应等相关表达,对种子的发芽以及生物活性物质的合成[11]有促进作用,因此使用CAPP提高芽豆中生物活性成分是芽菜行业可持续发展的一项有前途的技术。CAPP与维生素联合处理时,可协同强化GABA合成通路,在豆类发芽中实现更高效率的GABA富集。Chen等[12]研究表明低温等离子体处理对发芽糙米中GABA含量变化具有显著影响,其GABA的含量达到最高为28 mg/100 g。
研究表明,CAPP技术在促进谷物中GABA积累方面展现出潜在效应,然而其在豆类发芽过程中的应用研究仍较为有限。相较于其他化学胁迫手段,维生素处理在促进植物GABA富集方面表现出显著优势,且因其安全性和有效性可作为理想的食品添加剂。然而,目前关于CAPP与维生素联合处理对发芽豆类中GABA富集影响的研究尚待深入。因此,本实验旨在探究CAPP单独处理以及CAPP协同维生素处理对发芽紫花芸豆GABA的影响。为低温等离子体技术结合外源因子胁迫紫花芸豆发芽富集GABA研究提供理论基础,为杂粮功效型食品的研发创制提供新的方向。
芸豆(紫花芸豆) 黑龙江水清粮田农业发展有限公司;γ-氨基丁酸标准品(≥99.9%) 美国Sigma-Aldrich公司;硼酸钠溶液 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;β-巯基乙醇 阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;次氯酸钠溶液、苯酚(分析纯) 上海陆都化学试剂厂;植物多胺氧化酶(PAO)酶联免疫分析(ELISA)试剂盒、植物γ-氨基丁酸转氨酶(GABA-T)酶联免疫分析(ELISA)试剂盒 上海酶联生物技术有限公司。
CB-A323B豆芽机 佛山市顺德区嘉壕实业有限公司;CPS-1型大气压冷等离子体杀菌机 南京屹润等离子科技有限公司;JM-30D-40液晶单频超声波清洗器 广东洁盟超声实业有限公司;TU-1810PC紫外/可见分光光度计 北京普析通用仪器有限责任公司;UReader Eyex HS光吸收全波长酶标仪 杭州优米仪器有限公司。
挑选大小一致且饱满无损坏的紫花芸豆,清洗后使用3~5倍体积蒸馏水以及不同浓度VC(0.25、0.5、0.75、1 mg/mL)和VB6(0.5、1.0、1.5、3 mg/mL)的培养液30 ℃(避光)浸泡12 h后放入豆芽机。用蒸馏水(空白组)以及含不同浓度VC(VC组)(0.25、0.5、0.75、1 mg/mL)和VB6(VB6组)(0.5、1.0、1.5、3 mg/mL)的培养液(1 L左右)在室温25 ℃下培养发芽,24 h取样一次,选择样品中GABA含量最高的发芽时间作为后续处理时间。培养期间保持充足的氧气,芸豆发芽后取出存放于−20 ℃,待测。
选取大小一致的紫花芸豆置于样品盒后塑封。将样品盒放在等离子体杀菌机移动平台上,设置极板距离40 mm,处理条件为:电压90 kV,频率50 Hz,放电次数20次,放电时间60 s/次。将低温等离子体处理后的紫花芸豆,使用3~5倍体积蒸馏水以及不同浓度VC(0.25、0.5、0.75、1 mg/mL)和VB6(0.5、1.0、1.5、3 mg/mL)的培养液30 ℃(避光)浸泡12 h后放入豆芽机。用蒸馏水(CAPP组)以及含不同浓度VC(CAPP+VC组)(0.25、0.5、0.75、1 mg/mL)和VB6(CAPP+VB6组)(0.5、1.0、1.5、3 mg/mL)的培养液(1 L左右)在室温25 ℃下培养发芽,取样24 h/次,换液4 h/次。培养期间保持充足的氧气,芸豆发芽后取出存放于−20 ℃,待测。
γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量的测定参照Zhang等[13]方法略有改进。新鲜紫花芸豆去皮后取2.5 g放在研钵中,用40 mL去离子水研磨,超声温度30 ℃,超声功率600 W,提取2 h,8000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液备用。取上清液1 mL,加入1 mL 0.2 mol/L硼酸钠缓冲溶液(pH9.0),2 mL 5%苯酚溶液(w/v),1 mL 10% NaClO溶液,充分混匀。沸水浴10 min,冰水浴约15 min,待溶液由黄色变成蓝绿色,稳定后加入2 mL 60%乙醇溶液,混合均匀后于645 nm波长下测定吸光度,计算样品中GABA含量。
$ \mathrm{X}=\frac{\mathrm{C}\times \mathrm{V}\times \mathrm{N}}{\mathrm{M}} $
式中:X表示样品中GABA的含量(mg/g);C表示样品中GABA的浓度(mg/mL);V表示样品的稀释体积(mL);N表示稀释倍数;M表示称取样品的质量(g)。
参照曲春香等[14]的方法进行调整,取1 g发芽芸豆,加入3 mL 0.1 mol/L的PBS溶液进行匀浆抽提,4 ℃下浸泡4 h,10000 r/min低温离心18 min,得到蛋白质粗提液。取150 μL粗提液,加0.1 mol/L的PBS溶液至1 mL,后加入4 mL考马斯亮蓝G-250蛋白试剂,测定OD595;同时粗提液加水至5 mL做空白对照。
$ \mathrm{X}=\frac{\mathrm{C}\times \mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{W}} $
式中:X表示样品中可溶性蛋白的含量(mg/g);C表示根据标准曲线计算的待测样品蛋白浓度(mg/mL);V表示提取液总体积(mL);W表示样品鲜重(g)。
参照陈景勇等[15]方法稍作修改,分别吸取样品溶液0.5 mL和去离子水4.5 mL于试管中,各加入l mL的茚三酮试剂和pH7.0的磷酸缓冲溶液,共7 mL充分摇匀。100 ℃水浴加热15 min,常温后用紫外分光光度计于568 nm波长下进行检测。
$ \mathrm{X}=\frac{\mathrm{C}\times \mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{W}} $
式中:X表示样品中谷氨酸的含量(mg/g);C表示根据标准曲线计算的待测样品蛋白浓度(mg/mL);V表示提取液总体积(mL);W表示样品鲜重(g)。
参考Bai等[16]的方法进行改进。取1 g发芽芸豆鲜样去皮,吸干水分,加入5 mL提取液(2 mmol/L乙二胺四乙酸、50 mmol/L的磷酸钾缓冲液,0.2% β-巯基乙醇、0.2 mmol/L PLP和10%丙三醇)于4 ℃冰浴研磨,10000 r/min低温离心20 min,得到酶粗提液。取1 mL酶液,加入1 mL 1%谷氨酸溶液(pH5.9),将样品置于40 ℃水浴锅中反应2 h进行孵育,95 ℃水浴5 min灭活终止反应,8000 r/min离心20 min,取上清液测定GABA含量,一个单位的GAD活性被定义为每分钟产生1 μmol GABA的酶的量。
$ \mathrm{X}=\frac{\Delta \mathrm{C}\times \mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{T}\times \mathrm{W}\times \varepsilon } $
式中:X表示样品中GAD活性(U/g);ΔC表示反应前后GABA浓度差(μmol/mL,由标准曲线计算);V表示反应体系总体积(mL);T表示反应时间(min);W表示样品鲜重(g);ε表示单位换算系数(如1 U=1 μmol GABA/min)。
按照试剂盒使用说明书进行测定。
按照试剂盒使用说明书进行测定。
所有实验重复3次,结果以平均值±标准差表示,使用IBM SPSS Statistics 26软件进行数据处理(P<0.05为有显著性差异),Origin 2022软件绘图。
紫花芸豆发芽过程中GABA富集量的变化见图1A。0~72 h发芽阶段,空白组紫花芸豆GABA含量随发芽时间延长逐渐升高,CAPP组紫花芸豆GABA含量随发芽时间延长先升高后降低;在CAPP组中,GABA在发芽24 h时的富集效果显著,富集量达到8.75 mg/g,是空白组的1.23倍。分析是由于低温等离子体处理能够改变种子表面的构造和表面粗糙度,从而引发种子湿润性的改变[17]。经过等离子体处理,种皮与水之间的表观接触角显著缩小,这导致了种子湿润性的显著提升[18−19],从而促进种子萌发。Filatova等[20]在研究中发现,等离子体有助于缩短种子的发芽时间,并能加速种子的早熟过程。这表明在等离子体的作用下,种子胚内的生命物质得到了激活,种皮变得更加柔软,从而提高了种子发芽的速率。Alves等[21]研究等离子体处理对豆子的珠孔和肺门的影响,发现处理后增加了肺门的水分吸收且珠孔形态更加开放。研究表明,低温等离子体处理能够激发种子细胞产生氧化应激反应,进而通过激活抗氧化酶系统来促进活性物质的合成。
紫花芸豆发芽过程中谷氨酸含量的变化见图1B,等离子体处理后的谷氨酸在发芽24 h时含量达到最高。分析原因是发芽前期储能蛋白降解,导致谷氨酸升高,随着发芽时间延长,谷氨酸下降是因为谷氨酸转化为氨基酸次生代谢物质,如GABA等。多项研究证实,谷氨酸可以增强植物的光合作用和呼吸功能,以及提高植物的生长速率和干物质的积累。在番茄果实的研究中,Li等[22]发现,经过L-谷氨酸预处理的冷驯化植物能够提高GLR3.3和GLR3.5的转录水平,从而增强了番茄在4 ℃低温胁迫条件下的耐受性,这进一步证明了L-谷氨酸信号在植物低温胁迫条件下起到了关键作用。实验数据显示,经过发芽24 h的等离子体处理后,谷氨酸的含量显著高于未处理的空白组(P<0.05)。
紫花芸豆发芽过程中可溶性蛋白含量的变化见图1C,等离子体处理后的可溶性蛋白在发芽24 h时含量最高。可溶性蛋白在植物逆境适应中发挥重要作用,通过参与渗透调节、保护细胞结构等机制帮助植物抵御环境胁迫[23]。刘军等[24]发现高活力玉米种子胚蛋白的降解速率快,萌发前期胚蛋白合成能力也较高,而且种子活力与种子萌发时的新蛋白的合成及贮藏蛋白的降解速率一致,在种子吸胀24 h后,不同活力水平胚的蛋白合成能力差异显著。在其遭受化学压力的情况下,它能够参与调整植物内部的渗透能力,从而降低逆境对植物的损害,低温和水质不佳都可能导致可溶性蛋白的生成[25]。某些研究指出,采用等离子体处理能够减少丙二醛的含量和质膜的相对透性,这有助于减轻盐胁迫对种子发芽和生长的不利影响[26]。研究结果揭示,经过等离子体处理后,发芽24 h内的可溶性蛋白含量有所提升,且高于空白组。
紫花芸豆萌芽过程中不同浓度VC处理组的GABA富集量见图2A。VC处理组的紫花芸豆随发芽时间的增加GABA含量变化呈现先升高后降低的趋势;在发芽时间为24 h,VC浓度为0.75 mg/mL时,GABA富集量达到最高,为10.15 mg/g。从图2A可以看出,发芽紫花芸豆中的GABA含量随着VC浓度的增加先增高后降低,当向培养液中加入VC时,H+的浓度增加,有利于L-谷氨酸脱羧而不利于GABA转氨,导致发芽的紫花芸豆中GABA的大量累积[27]。当VC浓度持续升高时,GABA含量显著降低(P<0.05),推测原因可能在于酸性环境使反应条件偏离了GAD酶的最适pH。VC浓度过高时,可能会改变细胞膜电势,阻碍谷氨酸底物转运,限制GABA合成前体的供应,导致富集GABA效果变差。VC浓度的改变不仅会改变植物体内的氧化还原状态,还参与代谢调控机制[28],有助于维护豆类种子发芽的正常生理过程,并进一步影响GABA的合成和分解。张文刚等[29]使用谷氨酸钠和抗坏血酸共同处理藜麦,使其GABA的积累量达到了对照组的2.26倍。经过实验验证,对于促进紫花芸豆中GABA富集的最佳VC浓度是0.75 mg/mL,GABA含量为10.15 mg/g。根据结果显示VC浓度为0.75 mg/mL处理后GABA富集效果最好,故而选择该组发芽芸豆进行后续酶活性测定。
紫花芸豆萌芽过程中在CAPP协同不同浓度VC处理下GABA富集量的变化见图2B。CAPP协同VC处理组的紫花芸豆随发芽时间的增加GABA含量变化呈现先升高后降低的趋势;在发芽时间72 h,发芽紫花芸豆GABA含量明显高于单独使用0.25 mg/mL的VC处理。分析可能是等离子体处理通过改变种子的代谢水平,促进途径中相关酶的活性,而协同VC处理时,VC可中和部分CAPP产生的过量活性氧,将氧化应激水平维持在最佳区间,保留足够的ROS激活谷氨酸脱羧酶表达,还可能通过改善其氧化还原稳态,促进VC的再生循环,通过调节GABA合成代谢,增强种子活力[30],从而协同增加GABA含量。在协同低温等离子体处理后,VC作为强氧化剂可能清除了低温等离子体处理产生的活性氧,但其过度消耗可能导致GABA合成通路的刺激减弱,导致富集GABA效果变差。结果表明,在发芽时间72 h,当等离子体处理后VC浓度为0.25 mg/mL时,GABA富集量达到最高,为10.05±0.93 mg/g,是正常发芽的1.19倍。根据结果显示等离子体协同VC处理后VC浓度为0.25 mg/mL时GABA的富集效果达到最佳,故而选择该组发芽芸豆进行后续酶活性测定。
紫花芸豆萌芽过程不同浓度下VB6处理组GABA富集量的变化见图3A,VB6处理组的紫花芸豆随发芽时间的增加GABA含量变化呈现先升高后降低的趋势;分析是由于VB6的出现可能与其在多个酶催化反应中的角色有关,这有助于氨基酸的代谢和蛋白质的合成,从而促进豆类的发芽。VB6作为磷酸吡哆醛(PLP)的前驱物,可促使其与脱辅基蛋白结合,进而激活GAD[31],加速脱羧反应,提高GABA的含量。申迎宾[32]在研究中发现,1.0 mmol/L的VB6溶液浸泡豇豆,可以使其GABA含量达到萌芽前的1.5倍。华艳[33]对糙米中GABA的培养液组分进行了优化,使得GABA的积累量能够达到158.94 mg/100 g。实验证明,VB6能够显著增加GABA的含量。根据实验结果显示,在发芽时间为72 h,VB6浓度为1 mg/mL时,GABA富集量达到最高,为10.26 mg/g。根据结果显示处理后VB6浓度为1 mg/mL时GABA富集效果最好,故而选择该组进行后续酶活性测定。
紫花芸豆萌芽过程CAPP组与在CAPP协同不同浓度VB6处理组下GABA富集量的变化见图3B,CAPP协同VB6处理组的紫花芸豆随发芽时间的增加GABA含量变化呈现先升高后降低的趋势;分析是低温等离子体处理可能会激发种子细胞产生氧化应激反应,进而通过激活抗氧化酶系统来促进活性物质的生成。已有研究证实,低温等离子体处理能显著提升植物内源性GABA的含量[34],而VB6单独的作用则能激活发芽紫花芸豆中的GAD活性,进一步促进GABA的生成。经过CAPP与VB6(0.5 mg/mL)联合处理,发芽紫花芸豆中的GABA含量明显超过了VB6(0.5 mg/mL)单独处理后的样本。在CAPP协同作用下,低VC浓度可以实现GABA的高富集,这表明低温等离子体处理对GABA含量的富集起到了关键作用。Chou等[35]研究表明,使用等离子体处理的绿豆中的GABA含量是未经处理组的大约3倍。在培养液中加入VB6会对南瓜籽的GABA含量产生影响,当VB6的浓度为0.3 mmol/mL时,GABA的含量达到峰值[36]。实验结果显示,在发芽时间为72 h,当等离子体处理后VB6浓度为0.5 mg/mL时,GABA富集量达到最高,为10.09±0.06 mg/g,是正常发芽的1.20倍。根据结果显示CAPP协同处理后VB6浓度为0.5 mg/mL时,GABA富集效果最好,故而选择该组发芽芸豆进行后续酶活性测定。
不同时间下不同处理条件发芽紫花芸豆GAD活性变化见图4,在发芽24 h时,除VC组外,其他不同条件处理组的GAD活性均高于72 h时,分析可能是低温等离子体处理破坏细胞膜的完整性,从而增加胞质中的Ca2+浓度,这进一步激活了谷氨酸脱羧酶并促进了GABA的合成,由此可以说明低温等离子体处理豆类可以显著提高发芽前期的GAD活性,这有助于芸豆中原有的谷氨酸进行脱羧反应,生成GABA,进而导致GABA的含量上升。低温等离子体处理后产生的活性氧(ROS)和活性氮(RNS)可诱导氧化应激,激活植物防御响应,从而上调GAD表达并提高其活性。王中磊等[37]的研究结果证实,芸豆中GABA的积累量与GAD活性之间存在明显的正相关关系,这一发现证实了GAD活性与GABA含量的变化趋势是一致的。在GAD的催化过程中,pH是一个非常关键的变量[38]。在酸性环境下,GAD的羧基端能够自由摆动。尽管VC属于酸性,但0.25 mg/mL的VC处理并没有影响到GAD活性。因此,只有高浓度的VC才会促进GABA富集。VB6作为GAD辅酶的结构类似物,参与了酶的合成过程以增强GAD的活性。已有研究揭示了等离子体与种子发芽之间的互动关系,这种关系有助于生物活性物质的累积。Chou等[35]的研究表明,等离子体处理能够促进绿豆种子中GAD的表达,从而富集GABA。Jannoey等[39]发现在萌发过程中,GAD的活性随萌发时间显著增强,同时其蛋白表达水平也相应上调。活化的GAD通过高效催化谷氨酸脱羧反应,直接促进GABA的合成,其活性变化与GABA的积累量呈显著正相关,GAD酶的激活是萌发过程中GABA积累的关键驱动。因此可得出低温等离子体联合VB6和VC胁迫在前期发芽时可以有效提高GAD活性。
不同处理条件对发芽紫花芸豆PAO活性的影响如图5所示,在发芽24 h和72 h时,PAO酶活性随着紫花芸豆发芽时间延长而增大,可能是由于发芽后期,精胺和亚精胺的含量增加,导致PAO活性增长,但其中CAPP联合VC(0.25 mg/mL)处理组紫花芸豆在时间的推移下PAO活性变化趋势不大。在发芽阶段,pH和温度会对酶活性产生影响[40],这会进一步导致PAO活性的变化。VB6和VC胁迫有助于提高发芽后期PAO的活性,这可能是其作用引发的氧化应激会直接增加紫花芸豆种子内的氧化酶活性;通过协同低温等离子体处理,植物细胞膜的透性得到了改变,这有助于营养成分的吸收和代谢产物的排放,从而增强了植物的抗氧化性能[41]。因此,当低温等离子体与VB6和VC联合胁迫时,PAO活性可以随着发芽时间得到进一步的增强,从而提高芸豆在这种胁迫环境下的抗氧化性能。因此,可得出低温等离子体联合VB6和VC胁迫可以提高发芽紫花芸豆发芽后期的PAO活性。
不同处理条件对发芽紫花芸豆GABA-T活性的影响如图6所示。空白组GABA-T活性一直较高,VC和CAPP联合VC组在萌发24 h时活性高于空白组,而VB6、CAPP和CAPP联合VB6组的GABA-T活性都低于空白组。在豆类萌发过程中,GABA-T可分解GABA为琥珀酸半醛,琥珀酸半醛会转化琥珀酸参与到三羧酸循环中。添加VC处理使GABA-T活性提高的原因是VC处理促进种子萌发[42],提高种子新陈代谢,加快三羧酸循环产生ATP,从而间接促进GABA-T催化分解GABA。而后期又下降可能是因为底物消耗过大导致活性降低。VB6处理导致GABA-T活性下降可能是在VB6作用下增强了GABA转化为琥珀酸半醛的逆反应,由于正常萌发情况下,向GABA的降解方向反应,GABA-T活性代表GABA的消耗速率。但由于该反应可逆,在逆反应增加的情况下,GABA的消耗速率减弱进而GABA-T活性下降。CAPP也具有抑制GABA-T活性的作用,推测这可能是等离子体处理对豆子产生伤害,这种伤害信号传递到细胞核,促进了GABA合成酶基因表达,抑制了GABA-T的基因表达。但由于相关文献报道,后续还要对CAPP对相关酶基因表达的影响进行深入研究。因此,结果表明,VC处理只提高了萌发前期GABA-T活性,而CAPP和VB6处理都会抑制,从GABA富集角度考虑,抑制GABA-T活性有利于增加豆类GABA富集量。
本实验采用低温等离子体联合VB6和VC胁迫处理探究对紫花芸豆发芽富集GABA的影响,并进一步探索GABA合成路径中的关键代谢酶。实验结果显示,在紫花芸豆的发芽过程中,使用CAPP辅以VB6和VC进行处理,经过最佳优化条件的富集,低温等离子体协同VB6处理后GABA含量是正常发芽的1.20倍;低温等离子体技术富集VC处理后GABA含量是正常发芽的1.19倍,可有效提升GABA的富集水平,为杂粮豆类的合理利用和高GABA功能食品的研发提供了理论依据。但对于CAPP联合其他化学胁迫紫花芸豆发芽富集GABA的变化,尚未进行深入研究。为了更全面地理解紫花芸豆发芽富集GABA的机制,后续可对其进行研究。

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2026年第47卷第5期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020282
  • 接收时间:2025-03-03
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-03-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-03
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    1黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院,黑龙江大庆 163319
    2国家杂粮工程技术研究中心,黑龙江大庆 163319
    3厦门海洋职业技术学院,福建厦门 361100
    4安徽省农业科学院皖北研究院,安徽合肥 236658

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王颖(1979−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏工程及食品质量安全,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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