Article(id=1320889120688296003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320888908896907909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020110, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739721600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854107305, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1772294400000, pubDateStr=2026-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854107305, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854107305, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854107305, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320888908896907909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='503', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1772294400000', pubDateStr='2026-03-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854056809, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854056809, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=101, endPage=109, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889120885428293, articleId=1320889120688296003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of Dynamic High-pressure Microfluidization-assisted Extraction on the Structure and Bioactivity of Polysaccharides from Dictyophora indusiata, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study investigated the effects of dynamic high-pressure microfluidization (DHPM) on the structural characteristics and bioactivity of polysaccharides extracted from Dictyophora indusiata (DIP). The physicochemical properties, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral features of DIP were systematically analyzed following DHPM treatment. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated using DPPH·, ABTS+·, and ·OH scavenging assays, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and an lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 macrophage inflammation model. Compared with the group that did not undergo DHPM treatment, DHPM treatment significantly increased the polysaccharide yield and total polysaccharide content, by 4.87-fold and 1.23-fold, respectively (P<0.01). It also markedly reduced the weight-average molecular weight and extremely significantly increased the glucose content in the monosaccharide composition (P<0.001), without altering the primary structure, which remained pyranose ring-based. Additionally, DHPM-treated DIP demonstrated enhanced antioxidant activity, including improved scavenging ability of DPPH·, ABTS+·, and ·OH and greater ferric ion reducing power. The DHPM treatment also significantly downregulated IL-6 and TNF-α expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells (P<0.05), indicating stronger anti-inflammatory activity. In conclusion, DHPM-assisted extraction effectively improves the yield and functional properties of DIP by reducing molecular weight and modifying monosaccharide composition. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the extraction and functional utilization of DIP.

, authors=Qiongjie YANG1, 2, 3, Yining HAO1, 3, Xiaoli JIN4, Xiuxia YANG4, Liping QU1, 3, 4, *, authorsList=Qiongjie YANG, Yining HAO, Xiaoli JIN, Xiuxia YANG, Liping QU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Liping QU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889123422982222, articleId=1320889120688296003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=动态高压微射流辅助提取对竹荪多糖结构和活性的影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究动态高压微射流(dynamic high-pressure microfluidization,DHPM)辅助技术对竹荪多糖结构和活性的影响,本研究系统地分析了DHPM处理后竹荪多糖的理化性质、分子量、单糖组成和红外光谱特征。通过1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH·)、2,2'-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸自由基(2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid),ABTS+·)、羟基自由基(·OH)清除能力、铁离子还原力(ferric ion reducing antioxidant power,FRAP)以及脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症模型,评价了竹荪多糖的抗氧化和抗炎特性。结果表明,DHPM处理显著提高了竹荪多糖得率和总多糖含量,分别是未经过DHPM处理的4.87倍和1.23倍(P<0.01);DHPM还降低了竹荪多糖的重均分子量,同时极显著提高了单糖组成中葡萄糖的含量(P<0.001),但对多糖的主要结构无显著影响,均为含吡喃环结构多糖。此外,DHPM处理增强了竹荪多糖对DPPH·、ABTS+·、·OH的清除能力及铁离子还原力,并显著抑制了LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞中白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumour necrosis factor-alpha,TNF-α)的表达(P<0.05),展现出更强的抗氧化和抗炎活性。综上,DHPM技术可显著提高竹荪多糖的得率、降低其分子量并增强其抗氧化和抗炎活性,为竹荪多糖的高效提取及功能化应用提供了重要的技术参考。

, authors=杨琼杰1, 2, 3, 郝怡宁1, 3, 金晓丽4, 杨秀霞4, 曲丽萍1, 3, 4, *, authorsList=杨琼杰, 郝怡宁, 金晓丽, 杨秀霞, 曲丽萍, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=曲丽萍, authorNote=

杨琼杰(1998−),女,硕士,研发工程师,研究方向:天然产物研究及应用开发,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
曲丽萍(1976−),女,博士,高级工程师,研究方向:天然产物研究与应用开发,E-mail:。
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注:峰1~5分别是:甘露糖、葡萄糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖、岩藻糖。

, figureFileSmall=dIErBaC4VuUnekIdAHBH2Q==, figureFileBig=ryuem9+wAfD8bJVB8i+J/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889128426786953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889120688296003, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Antioxidant activities of WDIP and DDIP in vitro, figureFileSmall=BAHZNERwyP5z61R+WEWUeA==, figureFileBig=Yp126VfaTLyRIiBsp/q/Tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889128506478730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889120688296003, language=CN, label=图3, caption=WDIP和DDIP的体外抗氧化活性

注:(A)WDIP和DDIP对DPPH自由基清除能力;(B)WDIP和DDIP对ABTS+自由基清除能力;(C)WDIP和DDIP对羟基自由基清除能力;(D)WDIP和DDIP对FRAP铁离子还原能力。

, figureFileSmall=BAHZNERwyP5z61R+WEWUeA==, figureFileBig=Yp126VfaTLyRIiBsp/q/Tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889128577781899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889120688296003, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Anti-inflammatory activities of WDIP and DDIP in vitro, figureFileSmall=q++koFgkjyYQkpbl45QgJQ==, figureFileBig=wjbB0QJAu94KMBmhLnAAcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889128661667980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889120688296003, language=CN, label=图4, caption=WDIP和DDIP的体外抗炎活性

注:(A)WDIP和DDIP对RAW264.7细胞活力的影响;(B) WDIP和DDIP对NO分泌量的影响;(C) WDIP和DDIP对IL-6表达量的影响;(D) WDIP和DDIP对TNF-α表达量的影响。###P<0.001表示与NC组对比,差异极显著;***P<0.001表示与MC组对比,差异极显著,**P<0.01、*P<0.05表示与MC组相比,差异显著。

, figureFileSmall=q++koFgkjyYQkpbl45QgJQ==, figureFileBig=wjbB0QJAu94KMBmhLnAAcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889128766525581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889120688296003, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Determination of physical and chemical indexes of WDIP and DDIP

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多糖样品得率
(%)
总多糖含量
(%)
糖醛酸含量
(%)
蛋白质含量
(%)
WDIP3.71±0.0949.56±1.903.09±0.1518.34±0.92
DDIP18.07±1.17**60.74±1.04**2.84±0.13ns9.68±0.90***
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WDIP和DDIP的理化指标测定

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多糖样品得率
(%)
总多糖含量
(%)
糖醛酸含量
(%)
蛋白质含量
(%)
WDIP3.71±0.0949.56±1.903.09±0.1518.34±0.92
DDIP18.07±1.17**60.74±1.04**2.84±0.13ns9.68±0.90***
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Molecular weight distribution of WDIP and DDIP

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多糖样品重均分子量Mw(Da)数均分子量Mn(Da)PDI
(Mw/Mn)
WDIP46.88×10611.72×10540.0
DDIP2.42×1051.45×1051.67
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WDIP和DDIP的分子量分布

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多糖样品重均分子量Mw(Da)数均分子量Mn(Da)PDI
(Mw/Mn)
WDIP46.88×10611.72×10540.0
DDIP2.42×1051.45×1051.67
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Monosaccharide composition of WDIP and DDIP

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多糖样品甘露糖
(%)
葡萄糖醛
酸(%)
葡萄糖
(%)
半乳糖
(%)
岩藻糖
(%)
WDIP53.11±0.022.56±0.0134.66±0.097.85±0.041.82±0.10
DDIP21.71±0.02***0.49±0.01***74.75±0.31***2.44±0.03***0.61±0.07***
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WDIP和DDIP的单糖组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
多糖样品甘露糖
(%)
葡萄糖醛
酸(%)
葡萄糖
(%)
半乳糖
(%)
岩藻糖
(%)
WDIP53.11±0.022.56±0.0134.66±0.097.85±0.041.82±0.10
DDIP21.71±0.02***0.49±0.01***74.75±0.31***2.44±0.03***0.61±0.07***
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Antioxidant activities of WDIP and DDIP

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指标WDIPDDIPVC
DPPH· IC50 (mg/mL)4.30±0.331.59±0.25*0.00885
·OH IC50 (mg/mL)1.70±0.030.48±0.01***0.27±0.02
FRAP (mmol Fe2+/g)0.32±0.020.85±0.01***11.87±0.24
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WDIP和DDIP的抗氧化效果

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指标WDIPDDIPVC
DPPH· IC50 (mg/mL)4.30±0.331.59±0.25*0.00885
·OH IC50 (mg/mL)1.70±0.030.48±0.01***0.27±0.02
FRAP (mmol Fe2+/g)0.32±0.020.85±0.01***11.87±0.24
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动态高压微射流辅助提取对竹荪多糖结构和活性的影响
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杨琼杰 1, 2, 3 , 郝怡宁 1, 3 , 金晓丽 4 , 杨秀霞 4 , 曲丽萍 1, 3, 4, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(5): 101-109
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (5) : 101 -109
动态高压微射流辅助提取对竹荪多糖结构和活性的影响
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杨琼杰1, 2, 3 , 郝怡宁1, 3, 金晓丽4, 杨秀霞4, 曲丽萍1, 3, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1云南贝泰妮生物科技集团股份有限公司,云南昆明 650106
  • 2上海贝泰妮生物科技有限公司,上海 201702
  • 3上海际研生物医药开发有限公司,上海 201702
  • 4云南特色植物提取实验室有限公司,云南昆明 650106
通讯作者:
曲丽萍(1976−),女,博士,高级工程师,研究方向:天然产物研究与应用开发,E-mail:。
作者简介:

杨琼杰(1998−),女,硕士,研发工程师,研究方向:天然产物研究及应用开发,E-mail:

Effect of Dynamic High-pressure Microfluidization-assisted Extraction on the Structure and Bioactivity of Polysaccharides from Dictyophora indusiata
Qiongjie YANG1, 2, 3 , Yining HAO1, 3, Xiaoli JIN4, Xiuxia YANG4, Liping QU1, 3, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1Yunnan Botanee Bio-technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China
  • 2Shanghai Botanee Bio-technology Group Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201702, China
  • 3Shanghai Jiyan Biomedical Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201702, China
  • 4Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China
出版时间: 2026-03-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020110
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为探究动态高压微射流(dynamic high-pressure microfluidization,DHPM)辅助技术对竹荪多糖结构和活性的影响,本研究系统地分析了DHPM处理后竹荪多糖的理化性质、分子量、单糖组成和红外光谱特征。通过1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH·)、2,2'-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸自由基(2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid),ABTS+·)、羟基自由基(·OH)清除能力、铁离子还原力(ferric ion reducing antioxidant power,FRAP)以及脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症模型,评价了竹荪多糖的抗氧化和抗炎特性。结果表明,DHPM处理显著提高了竹荪多糖得率和总多糖含量,分别是未经过DHPM处理的4.87倍和1.23倍(P<0.01);DHPM还降低了竹荪多糖的重均分子量,同时极显著提高了单糖组成中葡萄糖的含量(P<0.001),但对多糖的主要结构无显著影响,均为含吡喃环结构多糖。此外,DHPM处理增强了竹荪多糖对DPPH·、ABTS+·、·OH的清除能力及铁离子还原力,并显著抑制了LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞中白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumour necrosis factor-alpha,TNF-α)的表达(P<0.05),展现出更强的抗氧化和抗炎活性。综上,DHPM技术可显著提高竹荪多糖的得率、降低其分子量并增强其抗氧化和抗炎活性,为竹荪多糖的高效提取及功能化应用提供了重要的技术参考。

动态高压微射流  /  多糖  /  竹荪  /  结构  /  抗氧化  /  抗炎

This study investigated the effects of dynamic high-pressure microfluidization (DHPM) on the structural characteristics and bioactivity of polysaccharides extracted from Dictyophora indusiata (DIP). The physicochemical properties, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral features of DIP were systematically analyzed following DHPM treatment. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated using DPPH·, ABTS+·, and ·OH scavenging assays, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and an lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 macrophage inflammation model. Compared with the group that did not undergo DHPM treatment, DHPM treatment significantly increased the polysaccharide yield and total polysaccharide content, by 4.87-fold and 1.23-fold, respectively (P<0.01). It also markedly reduced the weight-average molecular weight and extremely significantly increased the glucose content in the monosaccharide composition (P<0.001), without altering the primary structure, which remained pyranose ring-based. Additionally, DHPM-treated DIP demonstrated enhanced antioxidant activity, including improved scavenging ability of DPPH·, ABTS+·, and ·OH and greater ferric ion reducing power. The DHPM treatment also significantly downregulated IL-6 and TNF-α expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells (P<0.05), indicating stronger anti-inflammatory activity. In conclusion, DHPM-assisted extraction effectively improves the yield and functional properties of DIP by reducing molecular weight and modifying monosaccharide composition. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the extraction and functional utilization of DIP.

dynamic high-pressure microfluidization  /  polysaccharide  /  Dictyophora indusiata  /  structure  /  antioxidant  /  anti-inflammatory
杨琼杰, 郝怡宁, 金晓丽, 杨秀霞, 曲丽萍. 动态高压微射流辅助提取对竹荪多糖结构和活性的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (5) : 101 -109 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020110
Qiongjie YANG, Yining HAO, Xiaoli JIN, Xiuxia YANG, Liping QU. Effect of Dynamic High-pressure Microfluidization-assisted Extraction on the Structure and Bioactivity of Polysaccharides from Dictyophora indusiata[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (5) : 101 -109 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020110
竹荪(Dictyophora indusiata),又称竹笙或网纱菌,属于鬼笔科真菌,广泛生长于竹林下,尤其是腐竹根部。因其美丽的菌裙,竹荪被誉为“雪裙仙子”和“山珍之花”[1]。其中,多糖是竹荪的主要活性成分之一,已被证明具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤和增强免疫等多种生物活性[2−3]。目前,竹荪多糖的常见提取方法包括热水浸提、超声辅助法和酸碱提取法等。然而,热水浸提法效率较低,超声辅助法可能会导致多糖降解,且酸碱提取法涉及有机试剂,不符合绿色循环经济的发展理念[4−5]。因此,寻找安全高效的竹荪多糖提取方法,对于竹荪在功能性食品和保健品开发中的应用具有重要意义。
动态高压微射流技术(dynamic high-pressure microfluidization,DHPM)是一种新兴的物理提取方法,通过瞬时高压下的强剪切力、撞击力和高频振动作用,破坏细胞壁,释放活性成分,同时高剪切力可剪断大分子链,改变分子的结构和质量,从而影响物料的理化性质和生物活性[6−7]。目前这一技术已被用于多糖的提取和改性,何雪梅等[8]利用动态超高压微射流辅助提取技术提高了滇黄精多糖的得率,同时增强了滇黄精多糖的抗氧化、降血糖活性。Huang等[9]采用响应面法优化动态高压微射流辅助提取香菇多糖,显著提高了其抗氧化能力。综上,DHPM在多糖提取方面极具应用潜力,但目前鲜见利用DHPM提取竹荪多糖的研究报道。
本研究采用DHPM技术作为辅助提取方法,通过对比DHPM与加热回流法提取的竹荪多糖在理化性质、结构特征及生物活性方面的差异,探讨DHPM技术对竹荪多糖提取效果的影响,为竹荪的高效开发与应用提供技术支持。
竹荪干品 品种为长裙竹荪,产地为云南省,存于中国昆明云南特色植物提取实验室有限公司标本室;DPPH·、L-抗坏血酸(维生素C,vitamin C,VC)、氢氧化钠、四硼酸钠、间羟基联苯 上海罗恩化学技术有限公司;D-半乳糖醛酸(galacturonic acid,GalA) 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;LPS、甲酸 美国Sigma-Aldrich公司;三氟乙酸 重庆川东化工有限公司;1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone,PMP)、磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffered saline,PBS,0.01 mol/L,pH7.2~7.4)、乙腈(色谱纯)、地塞米松磷酸钠(dexamethasone sodium phosphate,DEX) 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;溴化钾 广东光华科技股份有限公司;总抗氧化(T-AOC)能力(ABTS+·、·OH、FRAP法)检测试剂盒 南京建成生物工程研究所;小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7株 中国科学院上海细胞库;Dulbecco's modification of eagle's medium(DMEM)培养基、胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum,FBS) 美国Gibco公司;细胞增殖与毒性检测试剂盒(cell counting kit-8,CCK-8) 日本同仁化学研究所;一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)检测试剂盒、BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒 碧云天生物科技有限公司;大鼠TNF-α酶联免疫吸附(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测试剂盒、大鼠IL-6 ELISA检测试剂盒 杭州联科生物技术股份有限公司;胰蛋白酶-EDTA(0.25%),含酚红 赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司;实验用水为经Milli-Q纯化的超纯水,试剂均为分析纯。
MF110BP-EH试验型微射流均质机 上海迈克孚生物科技有限公司;Multiskan FC全波长酶标仪、Series 2 Water Jacketed CO2培养箱、Fresco 21微量离心机 赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司;IKA ETS-D5加热数显磁力搅拌器 艾卡(广州)仪器设备有限公司(IKA中国);XPR204S/AC电子天平 梅特勒托利多科技(中国)有限公司;LyovaporL-200冷冻干燥仪、R-300旋转蒸发仪 步琦实验室设备贸易(上海)有限公司;Agilent 1260 Infinity II高效液相色谱仪 美国安捷伦公司;lRTRACER-100(CN220V)傅里叶变换红外光谱仪 岛津实验器材有限公司。
称取50 g竹荪干样品进行粉碎至100目,按照1:30(g/mL)的料液比加入1500 mL超纯水,加热回流提取2 h。过滤浓缩后,加入4倍体积的95%乙醇,在4 ℃下醇沉16 h。醇沉完成后,以5000 r/min转速离心10 min,取沉淀溶解得到粗多糖溶液。接着,加入2.0%活性炭并搅拌,置于50 ℃恒温水浴中吸附50 min以去除蛋白[10]。最后,溶液经离心、过滤并真空干燥,得到加热回流提取的竹荪多糖,记为WDIP。
称取50 g竹荪干样品进行粉碎至100目,按照1:30(g/mL)的料液比加入超纯水,混合均匀。使用动态高压微射流均质机在200 MPa、80 ℃条件下均质处理20 min。处理后的料液继续进行加热回流提取2 h,过滤后收集上清液,置于60 ℃下减压浓缩至300 mL。加入4倍体积的95%乙醇溶液,在4 ℃下醇沉16 h。醇沉结束后,使用5000 r/min离心10 min,取沉淀并溶解得到粗多糖溶液。接着,加入2.0%活性炭,搅拌后在50 ℃恒温水浴中吸附50 min以去除蛋白。最后,溶液经离心、过滤并真空干燥,得到DHPM辅助提取的竹荪多糖,记为DDIP。
参考许梦粤等[11]的方法,计算多糖得率。得率按照公式(1)计算:
$ {\text{得率}(\text{%})}=\frac{{\text{M}}_{\text{1}}}{\text{M}}\text{×100} $
式中:M1为冷冻干燥后的竹荪多糖的质量,g;M为称取的竹荪原料的质量,g。
采用苯酚-硫酸法对竹荪多糖中的总多糖含量进行测定[12−13]。
间羟基联苯比色法用于测定糖醛酸含量,D-GalA用于制作标准曲线[14]。精确量取标准品D-GalA、1 mL 0.5 mg/mL的样品溶液分别置于试管中,同时取纯水作空白对照,缓慢加入6 mL 0.5 mg/mL的硼酸盐硫酸溶液,混合均匀后,将试管置于沸水浴中孵育4 min后冷却至室温。随后,缓慢加入80 μL 0.15 mg/mL的间羟基联苯溶液,充分摇匀后,于室温下静置5 min,并在525 nm波长处测定吸光度。以D-GalA浓度为横坐标,吸光度为纵坐标绘制标准曲线,并求得线性回归方程Y=3.585X+0.0187,R2=0.9986,并根据该曲线计算样品中的糖醛酸含量。
采用BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒测定蛋白质含量。
参考王雅楠等[15]的方法测定竹荪多糖的分子量。配制2.0 mg/mL的多糖溶液,过0.22 μm膜备用。高效凝胶色谱测定条件:色谱柱为PL aquagel-OH 20、40、60(300 mm×7.5 mm,8 μm)串联,检测器为G7162A示差折光检测器,流动相为超纯水,流速为1 mL/min,柱温为35 ℃,进样量为20 μL。通过标准曲线方程计算多糖的重均分子量(weight average molecular weight,Mw)和数均分子量(numerical mean molecular weight,Mn)。
称取1 mg竹荪多糖样品,分别与200 mg溴化钾充分混合,压制成光谱样品片。作为空白对照,使用溴化钾粉末压制成片,以去除溴化钾在红外光谱中的吸收影响[16]。将样品片分别置于傅里叶变换红外光谱仪下进行扫描,扫描范围为4000~400 cm−1,并收集红外光谱信号。
采用PMP柱前衍生化-高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)法测定竹荪多糖的单糖组成[17]。向1 mL的WDIP和DDIP溶液(质量浓度为 10 mg/mL)中分别加入2 mL浓度为2 mol/L的三氟乙酸溶液,并在110 ℃下水解6 h,得到竹荪多糖的水解液。随后,取1 mL水解液、单糖标准溶液和混合标准溶液,分别加入到5 mL的离心管中。接下来,依次加入0.5 mL的0.5 mol/L PMP溶液和0.5 mL的0.3 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液,混合均匀后,将试管置于70 ℃水浴中加热30 min。水浴后冷却至室温,再加入0.5 mL的0.3 mol/L盐酸溶液,充分混合。然后,加入三氯甲烷进行三次重复萃取,萃取液经过PMP衍生反应后,使用0.22 μm膜过滤,准备进行色谱分析。高效液相色谱分析的条件:色谱柱为ZORBAX SB-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm);检测器为紫外检测器,波长设置为245 nm;流动相由A(磷酸盐缓冲液,pH6.9,10 mmol/L)和B(乙腈)组成,采用梯度洗脱:0 min,83% A;17 min,83% A;30 min,80% A;进样量为3 μL,流速设定为0.8 mL/min。
参考Jang等[18]的检测方法并稍作修改。选用VC作为阳性对照,同时设置样品组、样品对照组和空白组,将不同质量浓度的样品、VC溶液和0.1 mg/mL的DPPH溶液以1:1的体积等比例混合,振荡摇匀后,在室温下避光反应30 min,于波长517 nm处测定吸光度。DPPH·清除率计算公式如下:
$ \text{自由基清除率}(\text{%})=\left(\text{1}-\frac{{\text{A}}_{\text{1}}-{\text{A}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{A}}_{\text{0}}}\right)\text{×100} $
式中:A1为测得样品组OD值;A2为测得样品对照组OD值;A0为测得空白组OD值。
根据ABTS+·清除能力测定试剂盒说明书进行操作。计算公式同(2)。
根据·OH清除能力测定试剂盒的说明书进行操作。计算公式同(2)。
根据FRAP测定试剂盒的说明书进行操作。以阳性对照VC浓度和吸光度值绘制标准曲线,并计算出样品的FRAP值。FRAP值越高,表示多糖的抗氧化能力越强。
参考彭勃等[19]的方法,采用CCK-8法测定两种竹荪多糖对RAW264.7细胞活力的影响。取对数生长期的细胞,胰酶消化后接种至96孔板,在培养箱中预培养24 h。然后用质量浓度为7.5、15、30、60、120 μg/mL的多糖样品分别处理后,再次孵育24 h。弃去原上清液,加入100 μL DMEM培养基和10 μL CCK-8混合溶液,置于37 ℃孵育2 h,在450 nm波长下测定吸光度。根据公式(3)计算RAW264.7细胞的活力:
$ \text{相对细胞活力}(\text{%})=\frac{{\text{A}}_{\text{s}}}{{\text{A}}_{\text{0}}}\text{×100} $
式中:As为样品组OD值,A0为对照组OD值。
将对数生长期的RAW264.7细胞接种于24孔板中,并在37 ℃,5% CO2培养箱中孵育24 h。以地塞米松磷酸钠(5 μmol/L)为阳性对照,设置空白对照组(negative control,NC)、LPS模型组(model control,MC)、阳性对照组(DEX)及竹荪多糖WDIP和DDIP组。所有组别在37 ℃,5% CO2培养箱中孵育2 h。除NC组外,每孔加入1 μg/mL LPS,在37 ℃,5% CO2培养箱中再孵育24 h。孵育结束后,2000 r/min离心5 min收集细胞上清液。按照NO试剂盒和ELISA试剂盒的说明书检测NO、IL-6、TNF-α的表达水平。
数据使用Excel和GraphPad 8.0.2进行绘图和分析。实验结果以三次重复实验的均值±标准差(mean±SD)表示。采用单因素方差分析和T检验法对样品间差异进行显著性分析,P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
DHPM辅助提取对竹荪多糖理化性质的影响结果如表1所示。与WDIP相比,DDIP的得率显著提高(P<0.01),达到18.07%±1.17%,是WDIP得率(3.71%±0.09%)的4.87倍,优于低温复合酶解竹荪多糖得率(9.77%)和超声辅助提取竹荪多糖得率(8.10%)[13,20]。此外,DDIP的总多糖含量为60.74%±1.04%,是WDIP多糖含量(49.56%±1.90%)的1.23倍,DDIP的多糖含量显著高于WDIP(P<0.01)。这可能是由于DHPM技术通过高剪切力、高撞击力和瞬时高压作用,加速了竹荪细胞壁的破裂,增加了细胞通透性,从而促使溶剂快速渗透,进而提高了多糖的溶出率[21−22]。DDIP的糖醛酸含量略低于WDIP,分别为2.84%±0.13%和3.09%±0.15%,但二者之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),表明DHPM辅助提取技术对多糖中糖醛酸的提取无显著影响。此外,DDIP和WDIP中蛋白质含量差异极显著(P<0.001),经DHPM处理后,蛋白质含量从18.34%±0.92%降至9.68%±0.90%。这一变化表明,DHPM辅助提取技术能够有效降低竹荪多糖中的蛋白质含量,可能是由于高压引起蛋白质的变性或降解,或高速剪切力导致大分子蛋白裂解成小分子蛋白或多肽,在后续的纯化过程中,这些小分子物质更易被活性炭吸附[23]。
多糖的分子量是决定其生物活性的关键因素,分子量分布均匀的多糖通常具有更好的溶解性、稳定性和生物活性[22]。通过HPGPC法测定两种多糖分子量分布,如表2所示,WDIP的Mw为46.88×106 Da,DDIP的Mw为2.42×105 Da,WDIP的Mw是DDIP的193倍,表明DHPM处理显著降低了多糖的分子量。
聚合物分散性指数(polymer dispersity index,PDI,Mw/Mn)反映了多糖分子量的分布宽度。PDI越大,表示分子量分布越宽;PDI越小,则分子量分布越集中[8]。如表2所示,WDIP的PDI是DDIP的23.95倍,表明DDIP的分子量分布更均匀、更集中。以上结果表明,DHPM技术通过其独特的高压机械剪切作用,有效地切断了竹荪多糖的长分子链和糖苷键,从而实现了多糖分子量的显著降低并使其分布更加均匀[24]。
红外光谱分析是鉴定多糖分子结构和化学键的有效方法[25]。如图1所示,DHPM处理对竹荪多糖的光谱峰形、特征峰吸收位置和数量均没有太大影响。3419.03 cm−1(WDIP)和3402.15 cm−1(DDIP)处的宽吸收峰是糖分子-OH的伸缩振动吸收峰,DHPM处理前后的竹荪多糖都具有此糖类化合物的特征吸收峰。2925.77 cm−1(WDIP)和2929.63 cm−1(DDIP)处的吸收峰是受-CH2的C-H不对称伸缩振动的影响[26−27]。1635.50 cm−1 (WDIP)和1636.95 cm−1(DDIP)处的较强吸收峰归因于糖醛酸的C=O的拉伸振动。1131.16、1070.89、1039.06 cm−1(WDIP)和1147.55、1078.12、1035.21 cm−1(DDIP)处的吸收峰归因于吡喃环的非对称环伸缩振动,表明两种多糖均含有吡喃环结构。综上可知,WDIP和DDIP的红外光谱相似,说明DHPM辅助提取未破坏竹荪多糖的基本结构,这与Wu等[28]的研究结果一致。
图2展示了WDIP和DDIP的单糖组成高效液相色谱图。DHPM处理前后的两种竹荪多糖中,单糖的出峰顺序和种类相同,均由甘露糖、葡萄糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖、岩藻糖5种单糖构成,这与Liao等[29]分离纯化得到竹荪多糖的单糖组成基本一致。然而,如表3所示,WDIP和DDIP中各单糖的含量具有极显著差异(P<0.001)。WDIP以甘露糖和葡萄糖为主,质量分数占比分别为53.11%±0.02%和34.66%±0.09%;而DDIP中的葡萄糖含量最高,占比达到74.75%±0.31%,甘露糖占比为21.71%±0.02%。DHPM辅助提取提高了竹荪多糖单糖组成中葡萄糖的含量,是加热回流提取的2.16倍,且降低了甘露糖的含量。此外,葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖和岩藻糖在两种多糖中的含量均较低。Wu等[28]比较了热水浸提、微波辅助、加压辅助、超声辅助等四种提取方法对竹荪多糖中单糖组成的影响,发现不同提取方法对竹荪多糖的单糖组成没有影响,但对其摩尔比有显著影响。综上,DHPM处理改变了竹荪多糖中的单糖含量占比,但未影响其单糖种类。
如图3所示,WDIP和DDIP在0.25~5 mg/mL的质量浓度范围内,浓度越高,WDIP和DDIP对DPPH·清除能力越强,但其清除率低于相同浓度的VC。如表4所示,WDIP清除DPPH·的半抑制质量浓度(half maximal inhibitory concentration,IC50)值为4.30±0.33 mg/mL,DDIP清除DPPH·的IC50值为1.59±0.25 mg/mL,其中DDIP的清除效果显著优于WDIP(P<0.05)。结果表明,DHPM处理显著提高了竹荪多糖对DPPH·的清除能力。
如图3(B)所示,在0.5~5 mg/mL的质量浓度范围内,2种竹荪多糖对ABTS+·均具有一定的清除效果,但清除能力远低于VC。质量浓度为5 mg/mL的DDIP对ABTS+·清除率为13.41%±0.95%,WDIP的清除率为5.85%±0.01%。结果表明,DDIP对ABTS+·的清除能力略高于WDIP。
如图3(C)所示,在0.125~5 mg/mL的质量浓度范围内,随着质量浓度的增大,DDIP和WDIP对·OH抑制率均呈现上升趋势,随后趋于平缓,与VC接近。如表4所示,WDIP清除·OH的IC50值为1.70±0.03 mg/mL,DDIP清除·OH的IC50值为0.48±0.01 mg/mL,DDIP对·OH的抑制能力极显著优于WDIP(P<0.001)。结果表明,DHPM处理能够提高竹荪多糖对·OH的抑制能力。
如图3(D)所示,在0.5~5 mg/mL的质量浓度范围内,两种竹荪多糖均具有一定的铁离子还原力,但FRAP值远低于VC。DDIP和WDIP对铁离子还原力的FRAP值分别为0.85±0.01 mmol Fe2+/g和0.32±0.02 mmol Fe2+/g,FRAP值越高,抗氧化能力越强,表明DDIP的铁离子还原力极显著高于WDIP(P<0.001),具有更强的抗氧化能力。
多糖的抗氧化活性受到其结构特征、分子质量及化学组成等多种因素的共同影响。通常,分子量较小的多糖由于其较大的单糖比表面积,可提供更多潜在的活性位点,从而增强与自由基的反应能力,表现出更强的抗氧化性能[30−31]。Wang等[32]的研究表明,微波辅助提取获得的茯苓多糖PCP-M(分子量为15.1 kDa)相较于加热提取的PCP-H(分子量为21.5 kDa)分子量降低约29.8%,其自由基清除能力明显增强,进一步验证了低分子量多糖在抗氧化方面的优势。本研究结果显示,经DHPM处理后,竹荪多糖的分子量由46.88×106 Da显著降低至2.42×105 Da,且其对DPPH·、·OH的清除能力以及铁离子还原力均显著增强(P<0.05),表明分子量的降低与抗氧化活性的增强具有密切关系,这与上述研究结论相一致。此外,单糖组成也是影响多糖抗氧化性能的重要因素之一。已有研究指出,葡萄糖作为常见的构成单糖,具有一定的清除自由基能力[33]。本研究中,DHPM处理后竹荪多糖中葡萄糖的含量极显著升高(P<0.001),这可能是其抗氧化能力增强的又一重要原因。因此,DHPM辅助提取可能通过降低竹荪多糖的分子质量、调节其单糖组成,协同提升其体外抗氧化活性。
使用CCK-8法测定竹荪多糖对RAW264.7细胞生长活力的影响。如图4(A)所示,在质量浓度为7.5~120 μg/mL范围内,WDIP和DDIP对RAW264.7细胞的存活率均高于正常对照组,表明两者在该浓度范围内对细胞无明显毒性,甚至表现出一定的促增殖作用。其中,在30、60和120 μg/mL时,竹荪多糖对细胞增殖表现为促进作用。类似结果亦见于陈慧珊[34]的研究,其发现长白山灵芝多糖在25、50和100 μg/mL浓度下能显著促进RAW264.7细胞增殖(P<0.001),且不影响细胞形态。结合本研究结果及相关文献参考,最终选取120、60和30 μg/mL作为竹荪多糖的高、中、低剂量组,开展后续抗炎实验。
NO、IL-6和TNF-α是炎症反应的关键调节因子,是反映炎症程度的重要指标。在RAW264.7巨噬细胞受到LPS刺激后,诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)被激活,导致大量NO的产生,同时促进IL-6和TNF-α的转录和释放,进一步加剧炎症反应[35]。如图4(B)、(C)、(D)所示,LPS刺激后,NO、IL-6、TNF-α的分泌量极显著增加(P<0.001),表示炎症模型构建成功。与模型组相比,WDIP和DDIP(120、60、30 μg/mL)对NO的抑制作用无显著性差异。然而,WDIP和DDIP(120、60、30 μg/mL)对IL-6的表达具有极显著抑制作用(P<0.001)。在120 μg/mL质量浓度下,DDIP和WDIP对IL-6的抑制率分别为45.04%±0.02%和35.98%±0.05%,DDIP的抑制效果优于WDIP。此外,DDIP(120、60、30 μg/mL)显著下调TNF-α的表达(P<0.05),且TNF-α的表达随样品浓度的增加而呈剂量依赖性降低,而WDIP(120、60、30 μg/mL)对TNF-α的表达无显著抑制作用。上述结果表明,WDIP和DDIP均表现出抗炎活性,其中DDIP具有更强的抗炎作用。
DHPM辅助提取得到的竹荪多糖展现出较强的抗炎特性,这可能与其分子量降低所带来的结构变化密切相关。研究表明,较小分子量的多糖更易暴露原本掩藏的活性位点,或在剪切过程中生成具有新功能的小分子片段,从而增强其与免疫相关受体的结合能力,激活或调节炎症信号通路,提升其抗炎潜能[36]。Liu等[37]的研究发现经超声处理后灵芝β-葡聚糖分子量显著下降,抑制促炎因子(TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6)的能力显著增强,表明低分子量有助于提升多糖的抗炎活性。此外,DHPM处理显著改变了竹荪多糖的单糖组成,特别是DDIP中葡萄糖含量显著提高(74.75%±0.31%),为WDIP(34.66%±0.09%)的2.16倍。已有研究表明,葡萄糖是多糖中重要的结构单元之一,其比例的提高可能增强多糖与巨噬细胞表面受体(如TLR4、Dectin-1)的相互作用,从而抑制下游NF-κB信号通路的激活,减少TNF-α和IL-6的释放[38]。Hao等[39]从霍山石斛中分离出高葡萄糖含量(95.46%)的中性均一多糖NDHP-2-1,证实其可显著抑制IL-6和TNF-α的表达,具有良好的抗炎活性,进一步支持了高比例葡萄糖在多糖抗炎机制中的关键作用。
本研究旨在探讨DHPM辅助提取对竹荪多糖的理化性质、结构特征及生物活性的影响。结果显示,与加热回流提取相比,DHPM处理显著提高了竹荪多糖的得率和总多糖含量,同时降低了多糖的重均分子量,并改变了其单糖组成,但对多糖的主要结构无显著影响。此外,DHPM辅助提取显著提高了竹荪多糖对DPPH·、ABTS+·、·OH的清除能力及铁离子还原力,抑制了炎症因子IL-6和TNF-α的表达,增强其抗氧化和抗炎活性。综上,DHPM技术为竹荪多糖的深入开发与利用提供了重要理论依据。未来研究应设计更系统的多因素实验,以深入解析DHPM各参数对多糖提取效率的影响,并进一步探讨竹荪多糖结构与生物活性之间的内在机制,为其优化提取和功能应用提供更坚实的科学依据。

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2026年第47卷第5期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020110
  • 接收时间:2025-02-17
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-03-01
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    1云南贝泰妮生物科技集团股份有限公司,云南昆明 650106
    2上海贝泰妮生物科技有限公司,上海 201702
    3上海际研生物医药开发有限公司,上海 201702
    4云南特色植物提取实验室有限公司,云南昆明 650106

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曲丽萍(1976−),女,博士,高级工程师,研究方向:天然产物研究与应用开发,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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