Article(id=1320889116754030795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320888908896907909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070312, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753372800000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854106367, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1772294400000, pubDateStr=2026-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854106367, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854106367, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854106367, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320888908896907909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='503', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1772294400000', pubDateStr='2026-03-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854056809, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854056809, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=51, endPage=60, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889116993106124, articleId=1320889116754030795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Selenium-containing Peptides from Black Beans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.): Inhibition of α-Amylase and in Vitro Hypoglycemic Activity, columnId=1261336279195726298, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Papers Invited by Guest Editors, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study investigated whether selenium-containing peptides derived from selenium-rich black beans exert inhibitory effects on α-amylase and evaluated their potential hypoglycemic activity in vitro. Selenium-rich black beans from Guangxi, China, were used as raw materials, and selenium-containing peptides were screened and synthesized through a combination of single-factor experiments, response surface methodology, and peptidomics analysis. Four peptides—Se-MetLP, Se-MetIP, TLTSe-MetLR, and Se-CPSFGQ—were identified and evaluated for their α-amylase inhibitory activity. Among the four peptides, Se-MetIP exhibited the highest inhibitory effect, achieving an inhibition rate of 70.58%±2.21% at a concentration of 4 mg/mL, whereas TLTSe-MetLR showed the lowest half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.47 mg/mL, indicating superior inhibitory potency. Based on their strong α-amylase inhibitory activity, Se-MetIP and TLTSe-MetLR were selected for further investigation of inhibition mechanisms using circular dichroism spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, and molecular docking analyses, and their in vitro hypoglycemic effects were subsequently evaluated in a hyperglycemic HepG2 cell model. Circular dichroism analysis revealed that peptide binding induced conformational changes in α-amylase, characterized by increased β-sheet content and reduced β-turn and random coil structures, suggesting alterations in the enzyme spatial conformation. Isothermal titration calorimetry demonstrated that peptide-enzyme interactions were exothermic. Molecular docking results showed that the binding free energies of Se-MetIP and TLTSe-MetLR with α-amylase were −5.399 and −6.401 kcal/mol, respectively, with van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding as the dominant stabilizing interactions, complemented by hydrophobic effects. Furthermore, cellular assays demonstrated that Se-MetIP and TLTSe-MetLR significantly enhanced glucose consumption and promoted glycogen synthesis in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, thereby improving glucose utilization. Overall, selenium-containing peptides from black beans effectively inhibit α-amylase activity and exhibit in vitro hypoglycemic potential, providing a theoretical basis for the development of hypoglycemic peptides from selenium-rich black beans.

, authors=Ying XU, Yu ZHANG, Bin XIAO, Jiarui CHE, Huan WANG, Dongyang LI, Qiao ZENG*, Ruren LI*, authorsList=Ying XU, Yu ZHANG, Bin XIAO, Jiarui CHE, Huan WANG, Dongyang LI, Qiao ZENG, Ruren LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qiao ZENG, Ruren LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889120839282921, articleId=1320889116754030795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=黑豆含硒肽对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用及其体外降血糖活性, columnId=1261336280563069408, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=特邀主编专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究富硒黑豆中的含硒肽是否对α-淀粉酶具有抑制作用,以来自广西的富硒黑豆为原料,通过单因素实验、响应面分析、肽组学等方法初步筛选并合成Se-MetLP、Se-MetIP、TLTSe-MetLR、Se-CPSFGQ四条含硒肽,选择对α-淀粉酶抑制活性高的两条肽通过圆二色谱、等温滴定量热试验、分子对接等方法探究其抑制机制并构建HepG2高血糖细胞模型分析其体外降血糖功能。结果表明:4条含硒肽中Se-MetIP抑制作用最强,在浓度为4 mg/mL时对α-淀粉酶的抑制率为70.58%±2.21%;TLTSe-MetLR半抑制浓度最小,为0.47 mg/mL,抑制效果最好。将含硒肽加入α-淀粉酶中,β-折叠比例增加,β-转角和无规卷曲比例减少,说明含硒肽使酶的空间结构发生变化、影响底物与酶活性中心结合。同时,测得含硒肽与α-淀粉酶的反应为放热反应,Se-MetIP、TLTSe-MetLR与α-淀粉酶间的结合能分别为−5.399 kcal/mol和−6.401 kcal/mol。含硒肽与蛋白间能形成范德华力、氢键和疏水作用,其中范德华力和氢键是实现二者稳定结合的主要作用力。细胞试验证明Se-MetIP、TLTSe-MetLR均能通过提高IR-HepG2细胞中葡萄糖消耗量,促进细胞合成糖原,达到降糖的效果。综上所述,黑豆含硒肽能够抑制α-淀粉酶活性,具有潜在的降血糖功能,这为进一步开发黑豆中降血糖肽提供理论基础。

, authors=徐颖, 张雨, 肖斌, 车佳瑞, 王欢, 李东阳, 曾桥*, 李儒仁*, authorsList=徐颖, 张雨, 肖斌, 车佳瑞, 王欢, 李东阳, 曾桥, 李儒仁, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=曾桥, 李儒仁, authorNote=

徐颖(1978−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
曾桥(1982−),男,博士,高级实验师,研究方向:食品新产品开发,E-mail:。
李儒仁(1986−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:畜产品加工,E-mail:。
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徐颖(1978−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:

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徐颖(1978−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:

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Molecules, 2025, 30(1): 50., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320889121069969642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889121082552555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, companyId=1320889121069969642, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889121095135468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, companyId=1320889121069969642, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=陕西科技大学食品科学与工程学院,陕西西安 710021)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320889125436240159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Inhibition rate of four selenopeptides on α-amylase activity, figureFileSmall=tmO6MBFbVtCO2/r8RrQf4Q==, figureFileBig=csWlN1tm15lcYvEE4hDoBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889125507543328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=CN, label=图1, caption=4条含硒肽对α-淀粉酶抑制率, figureFileSmall=tmO6MBFbVtCO2/r8RrQf4Q==, figureFileBig=csWlN1tm15lcYvEE4hDoBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889125729841441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Circular dichroism of the interactions between selenopeptides and α-amylase, figureFileSmall=6eDSbo43Q5IAFuYdHC2LHw==, figureFileBig=xdSLq/+8MgMSNnsIzBpNeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889125813727522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=CN, label=图2, caption=含硒肽与α-淀粉酶相互作用圆二色谱, figureFileSmall=6eDSbo43Q5IAFuYdHC2LHw==, figureFileBig=xdSLq/+8MgMSNnsIzBpNeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889125885030691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Heat flow of Se-MetIP in association with α-amylase as a function of time, figureFileSmall=F1RfdwCA5bpniv62kGrfJg==, figureFileBig=JKBj6X8sB6qVi0SZt9A+3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889125960528164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=CN, label=图3, caption=含硒肽Se-MetIP与α-淀粉酶结合时的热流随时间的变化, figureFileSmall=F1RfdwCA5bpniv62kGrfJg==, figureFileBig=JKBj6X8sB6qVi0SZt9A+3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889126031831333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Heat flow of TLTSe-MetLR in association with α-amylase as a function of time, figureFileSmall=Thc6xlQPZdQecMuB3cw3+g==, figureFileBig=TV8NlXCeQ59uYGl+AhSoOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889127675998502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=CN, label=图4, caption=含硒肽TLTSe-MetLR与α-淀粉酶结合时的热流随时间的变化, figureFileSmall=Thc6xlQPZdQecMuB3cw3+g==, figureFileBig=TV8NlXCeQ59uYGl+AhSoOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889127743107367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Three-dimensional structure of α-amylase (protein 5U3A), figureFileSmall=lPQYGSmDaBrEtg5Eu8UhGA==, figureFileBig=NUKDVN7mE4UoOoMCQabaWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889127822799144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=CN, label=图5, caption=α-淀粉酶(蛋白5U3A)的三维结构, figureFileSmall=lPQYGSmDaBrEtg5Eu8UhGA==, figureFileBig=NUKDVN7mE4UoOoMCQabaWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889127898296617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Three-dimensional structure of se-containing peptides, figureFileSmall=hOPwmwARvL8hFgocnvBKhQ==, figureFileBig=zLgxiCF4vUqgzSgkreybIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889127961211178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=CN, label=图6, caption=含硒肽的三维结构

注:(a) Se-MetIP;(b) TLTSe-MetLR。

, figureFileSmall=hOPwmwARvL8hFgocnvBKhQ==, figureFileBig=zLgxiCF4vUqgzSgkreybIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889128053485867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Diagram of the binding pattern of 5U3A protein and Se-MetIP, figureFileSmall=nG2FAIL/Jaz5pK5PIuab7g==, figureFileBig=AQAPjnMWf+dy4ihbwMVNGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889128116400428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=CN, label=图7, caption=5U3A蛋白与Se-MetIP结合模式图

注:(a)含硒肽与蛋白的二维结合模式,其中绿色虚线为氢键作用,红色齿轮为疏水作用;(b)多肽在蛋白三维结构中的位置(左);多肽与蛋白的三维结合模式图(右)。

, figureFileSmall=nG2FAIL/Jaz5pK5PIuab7g==, figureFileBig=AQAPjnMWf+dy4ihbwMVNGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889128179314989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Diagram of the binding pattern of 5U3A protein and TLTSe-MetLR, figureFileSmall=WSy7At25HtVUoiCavXzCQg==, figureFileBig=dxD4HATQpwRwFpg3e3eUXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889128242229550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=CN, label=图8, caption=5U3A蛋白与TLTSe-MetLR结合模式图

注:(a)含硒肽与蛋白的二维结合模式,绿色虚线为氢键作用,红色齿轮状为疏水作用;(b)多肽在蛋白三维结构中的位置(左);多肽与蛋白的三维结合模式图(右)。

, figureFileSmall=WSy7At25HtVUoiCavXzCQg==, figureFileBig=dxD4HATQpwRwFpg3e3eUXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889128309338415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Cell viability of HepG2 cells under different insulin concentrations, figureFileSmall=7D7TWFEjYWFR8GDE5tvEgg==, figureFileBig=H28Z7iHWCNdOh1p4R+7/9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889128376447280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同浓度胰岛素下HepG2细胞存活率, figureFileSmall=7D7TWFEjYWFR8GDE5tvEgg==, figureFileBig=H28Z7iHWCNdOh1p4R+7/9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889128456139058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Effect of insulin concentration gradient on glucose consumption in HepG2 cells, figureFileSmall=HC94FqKMAttgHoR4VVde9g==, figureFileBig=Fi3RODii3GryYLSYtegf9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889128523247924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=CN, label=图10, caption=浓度梯度胰岛素诱导处理12 h HepG2细胞内葡萄糖消耗变化

注:*表示与空白组相比,各浓度组的葡萄糖消耗量下降显著性,数量越多说明越显著。

, figureFileSmall=HC94FqKMAttgHoR4VVde9g==, figureFileBig=Fi3RODii3GryYLSYtegf9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889128594551094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Effect of treatment duration on glucose consumption in HepG2 cells, figureFileSmall=D876H+TuyZcOL/L9YoPhkA==, figureFileBig=aO5cHDxOj70QYVhBs76MdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889128665854264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=CN, label=图11, caption=作用时间影响HepG2细胞葡萄糖消耗

注:*表示与空白组比较差异显著(P<0.05);**表示与空白组比较差异极显著(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=D876H+TuyZcOL/L9YoPhkA==, figureFileBig=aO5cHDxOj70QYVhBs76MdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889128737157433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Effects of different selenium-containing peptides on the viability of HepG2 cells, figureFileSmall=y+kxFE04R7RpkSYXZMKCqg==, figureFileBig=pf3D9VawCpleqUkl/iQLdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889128858792250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=CN, label=图12, caption=不同含硒肽作用下HepG2细胞存活率, figureFileSmall=y+kxFE04R7RpkSYXZMKCqg==, figureFileBig=pf3D9VawCpleqUkl/iQLdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889128934289723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Glucose consumption of IR-HepG2 cells with different components, figureFileSmall=mltNMxYBlqbIzAYopX4M+w==, figureFileBig=FNhY5TDWl+LfUd0CW7UFRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889129005592892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=CN, label=图13, caption=不同组分IR-HepG2细胞葡萄糖消耗量

注:**表示与空白组比较差异极显著(P<0.01);#表示与模型组比较差异显著(P<0.05);##表示与模型组比较差异极显著(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=mltNMxYBlqbIzAYopX4M+w==, figureFileBig=FNhY5TDWl+LfUd0CW7UFRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889129081090365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Amount of glycogen synthesis in IR-HepG2 cell models of different components, figureFileSmall=XIdpkRSxFBn7CasBs5pTng==, figureFileBig=3z+jyxEWggKk9Y94TwcSNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889129148199230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=CN, label=图14, caption=不同组分IR-HepG2细胞模型内糖原合成量

注:*与空白组比较差异显著(P<0.05);#与模型组比较差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=XIdpkRSxFBn7CasBs5pTng==, figureFileBig=3z+jyxEWggKk9Y94TwcSNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889129215308095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Chromatographic and mass spectrum information of selenopeptides in black beans

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
肽序列保留时间(min)肽段丰度肽段的可信度m/z理论分子质量(Da)合成肽分子质量(Da)
Se-MetIP10.95172910010408.133407.1279406.58
Se-MetLP10.95172910010408.133407.1279406.58
Se-CPSFGQ1.3880773006.67686.199685.193684.56
TLTSe-MetLR10.6764797009.03391.686781.3557781.02
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黑豆含硒肽的色谱、质谱信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
肽序列保留时间(min)肽段丰度肽段的可信度m/z理论分子质量(Da)合成肽分子质量(Da)
Se-MetIP10.95172910010408.133407.1279406.58
Se-MetLP10.95172910010408.133407.1279406.58
Se-CPSFGQ1.3880773006.67686.199685.193684.56
TLTSe-MetLR10.6764797009.03391.686781.3557781.02
), ArticleFig(id=1320889129399857473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Secondary structure changes of Se-MetIP and TLTSe-MetLR before and after binding to α-amylase

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二级结构
含量(%)
α-淀粉酶Se-MetIP+α-淀粉酶TLTSe-MetLR+α-淀粉酶
α-螺旋5.95±0.075.94±0.05(ns)5.92±0.06(ns)
β-折叠49.92±0.1150.28±0.13**50.23±0.12**
β-转角16.04±0.0915.89±0.10*15.97±0.08(ns)
无规则卷曲28.10±0.1227.88±0.11*27.86±0.10*
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Se-MetIP、TLTSe-MetLR结合α-淀粉酶前、后二级结构变化

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二级结构
含量(%)
α-淀粉酶Se-MetIP+α-淀粉酶TLTSe-MetLR+α-淀粉酶
α-螺旋5.95±0.075.94±0.05(ns)5.92±0.06(ns)
β-折叠49.92±0.1150.28±0.13**50.23±0.12**
β-转角16.04±0.0915.89±0.10*15.97±0.08(ns)
无规则卷曲28.10±0.1227.88±0.11*27.86±0.10*
), ArticleFig(id=1320889129592795459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Thermodynamic parameters associated with the interaction of se-containing peptides with α-amylase

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反应物∆H(kJ/mol)∆S(J/(mol·K))∆G(kJ/mol)
α-淀粉酶+Se-MetIP−70.26−135.6−29.85
α-淀粉酶+TLTSe-MetLR−31.976.568−33.93
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含硒肽与α-淀粉酶相互作用热力学参数

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反应物∆H(kJ/mol)∆S(J/(mol·K))∆G(kJ/mol)
α-淀粉酶+Se-MetIP−70.26−135.6−29.85
α-淀粉酶+TLTSe-MetLR−31.976.568−33.93
), ArticleFig(id=1320889129731207493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Docking and scoring results of selenopeptides with α-amylase

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受体蛋白配体结合能(kcal/mol)预测抑制剂常数(mol/L)
5U3ASe-MetIP−5.3991.10×10−4
TLTSe-MetLR−6.4012.02×10−5
), ArticleFig(id=1320889129794122054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889116754030795, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

含硒肽与α-淀粉酶对接打分结果

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受体蛋白配体结合能(kcal/mol)预测抑制剂常数(mol/L)
5U3ASe-MetIP−5.3991.10×10−4
TLTSe-MetLR−6.4012.02×10−5
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黑豆含硒肽对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用及其体外降血糖活性
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徐颖 , 张雨 , 肖斌 , 车佳瑞 , 王欢 , 李东阳 , 曾桥 * , 李儒仁 *
食品工业科技 | 特邀主编专栏 2026,47(5): 51-60
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食品工业科技 |特邀主编专栏 2026 , 47 (5) : 51 -60
黑豆含硒肽对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用及其体外降血糖活性
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徐颖 , 张雨, 肖斌, 车佳瑞, 王欢, 李东阳, 曾桥* , 李儒仁*
作者信息
  • 陕西科技大学食品科学与工程学院,陕西西安 710021
通讯作者:
曾桥(1982−),男,博士,高级实验师,研究方向:食品新产品开发,E-mail:。
李儒仁(1986−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:畜产品加工,E-mail:。
作者简介:

徐颖(1978−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:

Selenium-containing Peptides from Black Beans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.): Inhibition of α-Amylase and in Vitro Hypoglycemic Activity
Ying XU , Yu ZHANG, Bin XIAO, Jiarui CHE, Huan WANG, Dongyang LI, Qiao ZENG* , Ruren LI*
Affiliations
  • College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
出版时间: 2026-03-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070312
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为探究富硒黑豆中的含硒肽是否对α-淀粉酶具有抑制作用,以来自广西的富硒黑豆为原料,通过单因素实验、响应面分析、肽组学等方法初步筛选并合成Se-MetLP、Se-MetIP、TLTSe-MetLR、Se-CPSFGQ四条含硒肽,选择对α-淀粉酶抑制活性高的两条肽通过圆二色谱、等温滴定量热试验、分子对接等方法探究其抑制机制并构建HepG2高血糖细胞模型分析其体外降血糖功能。结果表明:4条含硒肽中Se-MetIP抑制作用最强,在浓度为4 mg/mL时对α-淀粉酶的抑制率为70.58%±2.21%;TLTSe-MetLR半抑制浓度最小,为0.47 mg/mL,抑制效果最好。将含硒肽加入α-淀粉酶中,β-折叠比例增加,β-转角和无规卷曲比例减少,说明含硒肽使酶的空间结构发生变化、影响底物与酶活性中心结合。同时,测得含硒肽与α-淀粉酶的反应为放热反应,Se-MetIP、TLTSe-MetLR与α-淀粉酶间的结合能分别为−5.399 kcal/mol和−6.401 kcal/mol。含硒肽与蛋白间能形成范德华力、氢键和疏水作用,其中范德华力和氢键是实现二者稳定结合的主要作用力。细胞试验证明Se-MetIP、TLTSe-MetLR均能通过提高IR-HepG2细胞中葡萄糖消耗量,促进细胞合成糖原,达到降糖的效果。综上所述,黑豆含硒肽能够抑制α-淀粉酶活性,具有潜在的降血糖功能,这为进一步开发黑豆中降血糖肽提供理论基础。

含硒肽  /  α-淀粉酶  /  分子对接  /  细胞实验  /  机制研究

This study investigated whether selenium-containing peptides derived from selenium-rich black beans exert inhibitory effects on α-amylase and evaluated their potential hypoglycemic activity in vitro. Selenium-rich black beans from Guangxi, China, were used as raw materials, and selenium-containing peptides were screened and synthesized through a combination of single-factor experiments, response surface methodology, and peptidomics analysis. Four peptides—Se-MetLP, Se-MetIP, TLTSe-MetLR, and Se-CPSFGQ—were identified and evaluated for their α-amylase inhibitory activity. Among the four peptides, Se-MetIP exhibited the highest inhibitory effect, achieving an inhibition rate of 70.58%±2.21% at a concentration of 4 mg/mL, whereas TLTSe-MetLR showed the lowest half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.47 mg/mL, indicating superior inhibitory potency. Based on their strong α-amylase inhibitory activity, Se-MetIP and TLTSe-MetLR were selected for further investigation of inhibition mechanisms using circular dichroism spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, and molecular docking analyses, and their in vitro hypoglycemic effects were subsequently evaluated in a hyperglycemic HepG2 cell model. Circular dichroism analysis revealed that peptide binding induced conformational changes in α-amylase, characterized by increased β-sheet content and reduced β-turn and random coil structures, suggesting alterations in the enzyme spatial conformation. Isothermal titration calorimetry demonstrated that peptide-enzyme interactions were exothermic. Molecular docking results showed that the binding free energies of Se-MetIP and TLTSe-MetLR with α-amylase were −5.399 and −6.401 kcal/mol, respectively, with van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding as the dominant stabilizing interactions, complemented by hydrophobic effects. Furthermore, cellular assays demonstrated that Se-MetIP and TLTSe-MetLR significantly enhanced glucose consumption and promoted glycogen synthesis in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, thereby improving glucose utilization. Overall, selenium-containing peptides from black beans effectively inhibit α-amylase activity and exhibit in vitro hypoglycemic potential, providing a theoretical basis for the development of hypoglycemic peptides from selenium-rich black beans.

selenium-containing peptides  /  α-amylase  /  molecular docking  /  cell experiments  /  mechanism research
徐颖, 张雨, 肖斌, 车佳瑞, 王欢, 李东阳, 曾桥, 李儒仁. 黑豆含硒肽对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用及其体外降血糖活性. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (5) : 51 -60 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070312
Ying XU, Yu ZHANG, Bin XIAO, Jiarui CHE, Huan WANG, Dongyang LI, Qiao ZENG, Ruren LI. Selenium-containing Peptides from Black Beans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.): Inhibition of α-Amylase and in Vitro Hypoglycemic Activity[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (5) : 51 -60 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070312
糖尿病是目前临床上常见的代谢综合症,患者具有血糖高的典型特征,其中最常见的类型为Ⅱ型糖尿病(T2D),在患糖尿病总人口中占比高达90%以上[1]。由于社会生活水平提高,不合理的膳食结构和生活方式使得T2D的发病率迅速增加[2],同时人体内硒元素的匮乏也是引起该病发病率升高的重要因素[3]。根据国际糖尿病联合会(IDF)的预测,到2030年,糖尿病患者人数将增加到6.43亿[4]。在糖尿病治疗中,临床上常用α-淀粉酶抑制剂、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂等降低血液中葡萄糖含量达到预防和控制高血糖的目的,但这些药物多为人工合成,具有较大的副作用[5]。因此,研究人员更倾向于从天然产物中开发几乎无副作用的降糖物质[6]。
生物活性肽是指由天然蛋白质经酶解或发酵等方式获得、具有特定生理功能的短肽分子,近年来的研究表明,来源于植物蛋白的生物活性肽具有良好的α-淀粉酶或α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,可通过延缓碳水化合物的消化吸收以降低餐后血糖水平。例如,Ren等[7]从大麻种子蛋白中提取分离并鉴定出两条新型α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制寡肽;Abdul等[8]从玫瑰中提取出α-淀粉酶抑制肽。这些研究体现出植物来源肽类用于开发天然降糖剂的巨大潜力。在机制研究方面,HepG2细胞因保留了肝脏在糖代谢中的主要功能,常被用作研究胰岛素抵抗和高糖代谢异常的经典体外模型。可通过高糖培养的方法诱导HepG2细胞形成胰岛素抵抗状态,模拟T2D的病理特征研究糖尿病相关代谢异常[9],例如,Wang等[10]从核桃蛋白中提取出的α-淀粉酶抑制肽经HepG2细胞模型验证其能够改善胰岛素信号与葡萄糖代谢,具有良好的降血糖活性。上述研究不仅为探索不同来源的活性肽提供了思路,也为评估其体外降糖作用奠定了实验基础。
硒是一种人体必需的微量元素,对于维持人体健康和II型糖尿病患者的葡萄糖和脂质稳态发挥重要作用[11]。富硒黑豆蛋白中硒元素天然富集,具有较高的有机硒含量和潜在生物活性,国内外对黑豆的研究很多,例如周岚等[12]从黑豆中提取出α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽,提示黑豆蛋白是优质的活性肽来源,但对于从富硒黑豆中提取α-淀粉酶抑制肽并通过细胞模型验证其体外降血糖功效的研究报告并不多。在之前的研究中,本团队讨论了黑豆中存在多肽、多糖、多酚、维生素与矿物质等多种活性物质对于改善糖尿病具有巨大的应用潜力[13]。基于此,本文针对从富硒黑豆中提取的含硒肽进一步研究。采用圆二色谱、等温滴定量热、分子对接、构建HepG2高血糖细胞模型等多种方法,探究含硒肽对于α-淀粉酶的抑制作用及其体外降血糖活性,以期为黑豆中含硒降糖肽的开发提供理论基础。
含硒肽(Se-MetIP、Se-MetLP、TLTSe-MetLR、Se-CPSFGQ) 95%,南京源肽生物科技有限公司;HepG2细胞(人源肝胚瘤细胞) 活细胞率≥95%,中国科学院上海生命科学研究院细胞资源中心;α-淀粉酶 50 U/mg,上海源叶生物科技有限公司;高糖型DMEM培养基(无菌,细胞培养用) 上海生工生物工程股份有限公司;胎牛血清(热灭活) 细胞培养级,浙江天杭生物科技股份有限公司;CCK-8细胞活性与毒性检测试剂盒 分子生物学级,美国APExBIO公司;胰酶-EDTA 溶液 0.25%,美国Gibco公司;重组人胰岛素及葡萄糖含量检测试剂盒 分析纯,上海源叶生物科技有限公司;糖原检测相关试剂盒 分析纯,南京建成生物工程研究所;阿卡波糖(阳性对照) 98%,上海阿拉丁生化科技有限公司。
NANO ITC等温滴定微量热仪(配有高灵敏热检测系统) 美国TA仪器公司;HH-2恒温水浴锅(配有双孔不锈钢加热槽) 北京科伟仪器有限公司;SPD1010型台式快速离心浓缩干燥器(配有冷阱系统) 美国Thermo Fisher公司;Eclipse TI倒置式生物显微镜(配有相差和荧光观察系统) 日本尼康公司;Varioskan Flash全波长扫描多功能酶标仪(配有SkanIt软件分析系统) 美国Thermo公司;TDL-40B电子天平(配有高精度传感器和数字显示系统) 上海精密科学仪器有限公司。
在课题组前期的研究中,通过单因素实验和响应面分析得到酶解黑豆中α-淀粉酶抑制活性最高的组分,将此组分进行肽组学分析。根据α-淀粉酶抑制肽的氨基酸组成特征对得到的数据通过Peptide Ranker系统对肽序列进行评分,分数越高(0~1)的多肽具有降血糖生物活性的概率越高,同时基于BIOPEP-UWM数据库除去已存在的α-淀粉酶抑制肽。采用体外Fmoc固相法对筛选出的肽进行合成,按照C端到N端的顺序固相合成筛选出的肽序列。通过氨基酸连接反应、肽链连接反应和肽链剪切处理,制备出干燥的粗肽。采用LC-MS/MS对化学合成获得的粗肽进行纯化和检测分析,根据质荷比检测目标肽的离子大小,判断目标多肽所在的峰域,将分析纯度大于95%的样品冻干,得到纯品多肽。
参考Li等[14]的方法,用PBS(0.2 mol/L,pH6.9)分别配制浓度为0.1、0.25、0.5、1、2、4 mg/mL含硒肽和阿卡波糖溶液、1 U/mL α-淀粉酶、质量分数1%(w/v)淀粉溶液,在室温下保存备用。分别取各个浓度的样品溶液20 μL于1.5 mL离心管中,加入10 μL α-淀粉酶和10 μL淀粉溶液,混合均匀后在37 ℃的温度下孵育15 min。加入600 μL 0.4 mol/L含有1% DNS、12%酒石酸钾钠的Na2CO3溶液终止反应,在沸水中继续煮沸15 min。在96孔板中依次加入200 μL冷却至室温后的各种溶液,在540 nm处测定吸光度。空白组设置为仅添加α-淀粉酶,空白对照组设置为不添加样品、不添加α-淀粉酶,样品组设置为添加样品、添加α-淀粉酶,样品对照组设置为仅添加样品,阿卡波糖组为阳性对照组。各组α-淀粉酶抑制率按照式(1)进行计算。
$ 抑制率(\text{%})=\left(1-\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{\text{样品}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\text{样品对照}}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{\text{空白}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\text{空白对照}}}\right)\times 100 $
使用圆二色谱法进行试验,以PBS缓冲液为溶剂分别配制IC50浓度Se-MetIP(0.54 mg/mL)、TLTSe-MetLR(0.47 mg/mL)溶液和1 U/mL α-淀粉酶溶液。各取含硒肽溶液、α-淀粉酶溶液500 μL混合均匀,在37 ℃的水浴锅中孵育20 min。使用PBS缓冲液代替含硒肽进行反应得到结合前二级结构含量。圆二色谱仪参数:路径长度0.1 cm、步长1 nm、波长190~260 nm。
通过等温滴定量热(ITC)试验分析含硒肽与α-淀粉酶结合热力学性质。使用ITC仪器记录结合过程中热量的变化情况,同时采用Microcal Origin 7.0软件中“One set of sites”模型测算结合参数(K)、热力学变量(∆H)、熵值变化(∆S)、吉布斯自由能(∆G)、结合位点数量(n)等一系列热力学参数。
溶液浓度同1.2.3。在温度25 ℃、搅拌转速350 r/min的试验条件下进行50 μL含硒肽至300 μL α-淀粉酶滴定。每次滴定量为2.5 μL含硒肽溶液,滴定间隔为120 s,共20次。空白组设置为滴定50 μL肽溶液至300 μL PBS溶液。
由于当前尚无文献明确报道这两条含硒肽在蛋白分子中的具体结合位点;因而本研究采用全局分子对接策略。访问蛋白质数据库(PDB)得到用于分子对接的α-淀粉酶初始蛋白结构(PDB ID: 5U3A)。通过AutoDock Tools 1.5.6软件对该蛋白结构进行预处理,保留其原始电荷信息,导出pdbqt格式文件。在PEP-FOLD3在线平台构建多肽三维结构,依据氨基酸序列对生成结构进行命名。使用MOPAC软件对预测结构进行能量优化,计算其电荷分布。在分子对接模拟中,设定对接盒中心为蛋白结构的几何中心,确保其包络整个蛋白表面,网格尺寸设为100×100×100格点,进行50次对接次数,其余对接参数采用默认配置。
复苏HepG2细胞,将10%胎牛血清、1%青霉素-链霉素加入DMEM制成高糖培养基。在37 ℃、5% CO2、饱和湿度条件的培养箱中进行培养。将生长状态良好的细胞接种至96孔板中,每孔吸取200 μL溶液,细胞浓度设定为5×104 cells/mL进行贴壁培养。当细胞贴壁程度达到90%以上时,弃去原培养液,改用不含血清的DMEM培养基进行饥饿处理,培养10 h。
空白组为不添加胰岛素,处理组为依次添加10 μL 10−9、10−8、10−7、10−6和10−5 mol/L浓度梯度胰岛素溶液,每个浓度设6个平行孔。诱导处理12 h,每孔加入10 μL CCK-8试剂。振板培养4 h,波长450 nm处得到各孔吸光度值,细胞存活率按照式(2)计算,得到诱导形成IR-HepG2细胞的最适宜胰岛素浓度。
$ \text{细胞存活率}(\text{%})=\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{\text{样品}}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{\text{空白}}}\times 100 $
设置空白组为不添加胰岛素,处理组为添加适宜浓度胰岛素。每组设置6个重复实验。空白组和处理组均进行时间分别为12、24、36、48 h的诱导处理,按照葡萄糖测定试剂盒说明书的方法,测定葡萄糖含量,计算不同胰岛素浓度及不同作用时间下的葡萄糖消耗量。
设置空白组为不含有含硒肽,含硒肽组为含有10 μL 0.54 mg/mL Se-MetIP或0.47 mg/mL TLTSe-MetLR。培养12 h,每孔加入10 μL CCK-8试剂。振板培养4 h,波长450 nm处测定各孔吸光度值,计算细胞存活率。
空白组设置为不添加胰岛素,模型组为含有10−6 mol/L胰岛素,阳性对照组为含有10 μL 10−6 mol/L胰岛素、10 μL IC50浓度阿卡波糖(0.51 mg/mL),含硒肽组为含有10 μL 10−6 mol/L胰岛素、10 μL 0.54 mg/mL Se-MetIP或0.47 mg/mL TLTSe-MetLR。培养24 h后测定每组细胞中葡萄糖和糖原含量,分析含硒肽对IR-HepG2细胞中葡萄糖消耗量和糖原含量的影响。
所有实验至少重复三次,通过非线性回归分析拟合曲线计算。以均值±标准差(Mean±SD)的形式表示实验结果,Origin 9.8.0软件绘制图表。采用单因素方差分析(One-way-ANOVA)对样本间的差异显著性进行分析,当P<0.05时表示差异显著,当P<0.01时表示差异极显著。
从509条肽序列中筛选出4条(Se-MetIP、Se-MetLP、Se-CPSFGQ、TLTSe-MetLR)可能具有α-淀粉酶抑制活性的肽序列,筛选结果见表1。对比BIOPEP-UWM数据库,这4条肽均未被研究报道,说明本研究筛选的肽是新颖的。因此,选择这4条多肽合成并进行下一步研究。
图1为含硒肽Se-MetLP、Se-MetIP、TLTSe-MetLR、Se-CPSFGQ和阿卡波糖在浓度为0.1~4 mg/mL范围内对α-淀粉酶抑制率。可以看出,这四条含硒肽抑制率虽弱于阿卡波糖,但也具有比较高的抑制率,且在较高浓度下趋于平稳,Se-MetLP、Se-MetIP、TLTSe-MetLR、Se-CPSFGQ、阿卡波糖的IC50值依次为1.95、0.54、0.47、4.63、0.51 mg/mL,浓度为4 mg/mL的Se-MetIP对α-淀粉酶抑制率达到最高值70.58%±2.21%。这说明Se-MetIP抑制作用最强,TLTSe-MetLR抑制效果最好。
后续选择这两条肽研究其抑制机制及进行细胞实验。这四条α-淀粉酶抑制肽分子量均小于1000 Da,为小分子多肽,更容易被肠道吸收发挥其作用。
圆二色谱法具有操作简单、迅速准确测定蛋白质空间构象的优点,在蛋白质结构研究领域中应用广泛。肽键在190~250 nm波长范围内的远紫外区具有特征性电子跃迁吸收,因此通过圆二色谱技术能获取蛋白质肽链主链构象的信息,进而推算出其二级结构组成。α-螺旋结构在190 nm处表现为正峰,210 nm与222 nm处表现为负峰;β-折叠结构在195 nm处为正峰,216 nm处为负峰;β-转角结构在205 nm处为正峰,在220~230 nm范围内为信号较弱的负峰;无规卷曲结构在200 nm处为负峰。
图2为4条含硒肽分别与α-淀粉酶结合后的圆二色谱图,由于Se-MetIP、TLTSe-MetLR抑制效果最为明显,因此通过CDNN软件分析反应体系中二级结构的具体变化(见表2)。结果表明,随着含硒肽的加入,α-淀粉酶在222 nm处原有的负峰显著减弱,β-折叠含量极显著增加(P<0.01)、α-螺旋、β-转角及无规卷曲比例减少,二级结构发生变化。这与熊丽等[15]研究结果一致。说明含硒肽诱导酶结构进行重构,进而使其空间构象发生变化,影响活性位点对底物的识别与结合能力。蛋白二级结构主要由主链中C=O与N-H之间形成的氢键稳定维持[16],因此这种结果可能与两者间新形成的氢键网络密切相关。
ITC技术可以直接分析分子间热力学性质,进行ITC试验进一步了解含硒肽与α-淀粉酶之间的相互作用。图3、图4分别为含硒肽Se-MetIP、TLTSe-MetLR与α-淀粉酶结合时热流与时间的关系。通过积分峰下面积并减去稀释热得到结合位点数、结合常数、焓、熵贡献和吉布斯自由能变化等相关热力学参数。
在表3中,∆G为负值、−T×∆S为正值、∆H为负值,说明Se-MetIP与α-淀粉酶的反应是一个自发的放热过程,∆H的强放热效应(负贡献)远大于−T×∆S的正贡献,主导了反应的自发性。随着Se-MetIP的继续加入,α-淀粉酶与Se-MetIP的结合趋于饱和,放热量也逐渐减小。通过拟合得到α-淀粉酶与Se-MetIP的结合比为1.466,相应的解离常数是5.923×10−6 mol/L。∆G、∆H和−T×∆S均为负值,说明TLTSe-MetLR与α-淀粉酶的反应是一个自发的放热过程,∆H的放热效应(负贡献)与∆S的熵增效应共同推动反应的自发性。随着含硒肽TLTSe-MetLR的继续加入,α-淀粉酶与TLTSe-MetLR的结合趋于饱和,放热量也逐渐减小。通过拟合得到α-淀粉酶与TLTSe-MetLR的结合比为2.666,相应的解离常数是1.137×10−6 mol/L。
图5为α-淀粉酶(蛋白5U3A)三维结构。图6为PEP-FOLD3软件根据含硒肽序列信息预测的含硒肽结构。使用MOPAC程序优化多肽结构计算原始电荷,并使用AutoDock Tools 1.5.6软件处理配体结构生成pdbqt文件。表4是多肽与蛋白分子对接能量打分结果。根据Autodock软件的预测,结果显示蛋白5U3A和含硒肽Se-MetIP、TLTSe-MetLR间的结合能较强,分别为−5.399 kcal/mol和−6.401 kcal/mol,这表明含硒肽能与蛋白稳定结合。这与吕俊丽等[17]报道结果一致。
5U3A蛋白与Se-MetIP分子对接结果如图7所示。含硒肽可以稳定地结合在蛋白质中由Gln347、Phe348、Trp316、Asp317、Thr314和Arg346等氨基酸形成的疏水性空腔中。进一步的相互作用分析表明,含硒肽与口袋周围的氨基酸之间具有疏水作用和氢键作用共同促进含硒肽与蛋白的稳定结合。具体而言,含硒肽与蛋白周围的Arg346氨基酸间形成2组氢键作用;同时含硒肽还与蛋白口袋周围的Phe348、Trp316、Asp317、Thr314和Gln347等残基之间存在疏水相互作用,进一步增强了含硒肽与蛋白之间的结合亲和力。
5U3A蛋白与TLTSe-MetLR分子对接结果如图8所示。含硒肽可以稳定地结合在蛋白质中由Gly308、Ser311、Ala310、Gly304、Thr314、Ile312、Leu313、Arg303、Phe348、Gln302、Asp297、Phe256、Asn301、Val296、Ala307、Ile235、Glu233、Gly309和Arg346等氨基酸形成的疏水性空腔中。进一步的相互作用分析表明,含硒肽与口袋周围的氨基酸之间具有疏水作用和氢键作用共同促进含硒肽与蛋白的稳定结合。具体而言,含硒肽与蛋白周围的Glu233、Gly309和Arg346等氨基酸间形成3组氢键作用;同时含硒肽还与蛋白口袋周围的Gly308、Ser311、Ala310、Gly304、Thr314、Ile312、Leu313、Arg303、Phe348、Gln302、Asp297、Phe256、Asn301、Val296、Ala307和Ile235等残基之间存在疏水相互作用,进一步增强了含硒肽与蛋白之间的结合亲和力。
图9为HepG2细胞在含有不同浓度梯度胰岛素培养基中的生存情况,可以看出每个组分中细胞存活率均大于90%,这表明胰岛素对细胞活力无影响,胰岛素浓度10−9~10−5 mol/L为建模安全浓度范围。
肝细胞的体外存活和扩增主要由葡萄糖供应,因此,细胞内葡萄糖消耗量是评估不同组分改善IR-HepG2细胞的最有效指标。T2D具有胰岛素抵抗的典型特征[18],建立IR-HepG2细胞模型可评价含硒肽对人体肝脏糖代谢的影响。
如图10所示,向HepG2细胞中添加不同浓度梯度胰岛素后,每组细胞中葡萄糖消耗量均低于空白组。10−9 mol/L组、10−8 mol/L组、10−7 mol/L组、10−6 mol/L组、10−5 mol/L组细胞内葡萄糖消耗量较空白组依次减少10.53%、13.16%、18.16%、29.47%和23.42%。胰岛素浓度10−6 mol/L组达到峰值,说明在该浓度下细胞胰岛素抵抗最强。该结果与Teng等[19]报道的数据一致。
如图11所示,将胰岛素浓度固定为10−6 mol/L,分别培养HepG2细胞12、24、36、48 h,每组细胞葡萄糖消耗量均低于空白组。12 h组、24 h组、36 h组、48 h组细胞内葡萄糖消耗量较空白组减少率依次为24.48%、29.32%、20.42%和20.24%。其中24 h组差异最为显著(P<0.01),葡萄糖消耗减少率最高,表明该时间点可诱导出最显著的胰岛素抵抗表型。该结果与Gao等[20]报道的数据一致,因此选定24 h作为构建HepG2胰岛素抵抗模型的适宜时间。
由此可得,胰岛素浓度10−6 mol/L、处理时间24 h为建立HepG2胰岛素抵抗模型的最优条件。
从图12可以看出,Se-MetIP组的细胞存活率为95.52%,TLTSe-MetLR组的细胞存活率为98.55%,细胞存活率均大于95%表明2条含硒肽对HepG2细胞增殖无影响,对细胞无毒性。
由图13可知,添加阿卡波糖和含硒肽的组中IR-HepG2细胞对葡萄糖的吸收均有促进,说明抑制α-淀粉酶活性可以加速IR-HepG2细胞摄取葡萄糖,两条抑制肽中Se-MetIP效果更佳。Fang等[21]研究发现,在3T3-L1细胞中增加葡萄糖消耗量可以促进胰岛素的作用强度,实现降糖效果。Zhou等[22]从大鲵皮肤胶原蛋白水解物中筛选出的多肽能以改善葡萄糖消耗、增加糖原以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量、降低丙二醛(MDA)含量的方式改善IR-HepG2细胞胰岛素抵抗的情况。因此,本文合理地推测含硒肽能通过增加葡萄糖消耗量刺激胰岛素的作用从而实现降糖效果。
人体内大部分葡萄糖转化为肝脏和肌肉中的糖原储存[23]。肝糖代谢主要通过糖原合成、分解代谢实现[24],当人体内血糖水平过低时,肝糖原分解为葡萄糖;当人体内血糖水平过高时,葡萄糖转化为肝糖原,以此达到调控血糖水平的目的[25]。图14结果显示,模型组IR-HepG2细胞中糖原含量相比空白组降低了31.74%(P<0.05),这说明高浓度胰岛素的存在抑制了细胞中糖原合成作用。而与模型组相比,阳性对照组、TLTSe-MetLR组和Se-MetIP组IR-HepG2细胞中糖原含量均增高,其中阳性对照组和Se-MetIP组显著增加糖原含量(P<0.05),分别增加29.18%和28.17%。由此可知,含硒肽通过促进IR-HepG2细胞内糖原合成,从而改善糖代谢并降低血糖。
本研究通过筛选与合成,从富硒黑豆蛋白中鉴定出两条具有突出抑制活性的含硒肽(Se-MetIP与TLTSe-MetLR)。通过机制验证,圆二色谱结果显示在含硒肽与酶相互作用过程中使酶的二级结构发生变化,表现为β-折叠含量增加、β-转角和无规卷曲比例下降,这说明含硒肽可通过调节酶的构象结构干扰其与底物结合位点,实现对酶活性的抑制。该机制与Huang等[26]研究结果一致,该研究指出没食子酸(GA)可通过改变α-淀粉酶的空间构象使其活性降低。热力学试验显示,含硒肽与酶的结合是放热反应,主要依赖氢键与范德华力等非共价作用力驱动,具有较强的亲和能力。分子对接模拟显示两条含硒肽与α-淀粉酶结合能分别为−5.399 kcal/mol和−6.401 kcal/mol,结合能较低,说明两者之间具有较高的结合稳定性。在IR-HepG2细胞模型中,这两条肽在不损伤细胞活力的前提下均能显著提高葡萄糖消耗与糖原合成,其中Se-MetIP效果最佳。相比单纯的酶抑制实验,细胞水平的代谢改善更能反映生理相关性,这为评估其潜在降血糖功能提供了更直接的证据。
与黑豆普通肽相比,黑豆含硒肽因具有硒元素有显著的优势。硒是人体必需的微量元素,已被证实在抗氧化、免疫调节和抗炎等方面发挥重要作用[27−31],且有机硒较无机硒具有更高的生物活性和生物利用度[32]。富硒食品中多为有机硒,因此对于维持人体内硒水平正常有重要意义[33]。Wei等[34]报道来自富硒茶中的含硒肽Se-TAPepI-1具有更强的调节能力。同时,已有研究证明,人体内硒有助于糖尿病的治疗,Oztürk等[35]证实,硒可通过调节抗氧化酶和一氧化氮的释放改善糖尿病中的血管反应和内皮功能障碍。虽然高血糖与低硒状态之间的因果关系尚不明确,但是硒作为谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性成分,能够缓解链脲佐菌素引起的胰腺氧化损伤,有助于恢复胰腺功能,减轻T2D病症[36]。
综上所述,本研究鉴定出新的抑制α-淀粉酶的含硒肽并证明了其在胰岛素抵抗细胞模型中改善葡萄糖代谢的潜能,还结合了二级结构、热力学和分子对接多角度分析其作用机制。这为黑豆含硒肽作为功能性食品成分或降血糖助剂的开发提供了理论与实验依据。然而,本研究仍存在局限性:尚未对全部候选肽进行细胞水平验证,且缺乏与无硒肽的直接对照,以及体内实验数据。未来研究应更进一步比较不同肽段的活性,明确硒在其中的确切贡献,并在动物模型甚至临床水平上验证其安全性和有效性。
本研究从富硒黑豆中筛选得到4条含硒肽,发现Se-MetIP和TLTSe-MetLR对α-淀粉酶具有显著抑制活性,其中Se-MetIP表现出最佳效果。结构和热力学分析表明,这两条含硒肽均能通过氢键、疏水作用等非共价相互作用稳定结合在α-淀粉酶活性口袋中,从而改变其二级结构并抑制底物结合。细胞实验进一步证实,Se-MetIP不仅安全无毒,还能显著促进高血糖HepG2细胞中葡萄糖消耗和糖原合成,说明其具有潜在的降血糖活性。该研究为开发以富硒黑豆为原料的功能性食品或食品配料提供理论依据,也为其他富含蛋白质的农副产品资源的深度开发提供参考,基于当前研究结论及多肽药物与降糖活性成分领域的新趋势,未来可继续深化研究并拓展应用潜力。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070312
  • 接收时间:2025-07-25
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-03-01
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    陕西科技大学食品科学与工程学院,陕西西安 710021

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曾桥(1982−),男,博士,高级实验师,研究方向:食品新产品开发,E-mail:。
李儒仁(1986−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:畜产品加工,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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