Article(id=1320888906057368492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883923090002610, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070074, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751904000000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854056133, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1774972800000, pubDateStr=2026-04-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854056133, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854056133, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854056133, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883923090002610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='510', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774972800000', pubDateStr='2026-04-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852868101, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852868101, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=41, endPage=52, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320888906275472301, articleId=1320888906057368492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of Different Cooking Methods on the Quality and Digestibility of Lipu Taro, columnId=1261336279195726298, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Papers Invited by Guest Editors, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To explore the effects of cooking methods on the quality and digestibility of Lipu taro, Lipu taro was used as raw material to cooking by four methods including boiling, steaming, pressure cooking and roasting. Its edible quality, nutritional quality and in vitro digestibility were determined, and the comprehensive scores were evaluated by coefficient of variation method. The results showed that the Lipu taro processed by pressure cooking had the highest sensory score, cohesiveness, gumminess, recoverable deformation, protein, fat, slowly digestible starch (SDS), and comprehensive score, indicating the best overall quality. Steamed taro showed the highest amounts of dietary fiber, total amino acids (TAA), essential amino acids (EAA), non essential amino acid (NEAA), and flavor amino acid, while exhibiting the lowest resistant starch (RS) content. Lipu taro processed by roasting had the highest cooking loss rate, hardness, chewiness, elasticity, total starch, ash, carbohydrates, rapidly digestible starch (RDS), RS, hydrolysis rate (HR), and predicted glycemic index (PGI), but the lowest moisture and SDS content, along with severe browning. Boiled taro had the lowest cooking loss rate, sensory score, texture properties, basic nutritional components, amino acid content, RDS, HR, PGI, and comprehensive score, suggesting substantial nutrient loss. In summary, pressure cooking best preserved the overall quality properties and cooking performance of Lipu taro, followed by steaming, while boiling showed the poorest overall quality.

, authors=Mingjuan LI1, 2, Zhanwen HUANG3, Yayuan ZHANG1, 2, *, Xiangrong YOU1, 2, *, Linyan WEI1, Ying WANG1, 2, Kui ZHOU1, 2, Yang YANG1, 2, Zhichun LI1, 2, authorsList=Mingjuan LI, Zhanwen HUANG, Yayuan ZHANG, Xiangrong YOU, Linyan WEI, Ying WANG, Kui ZHOU, Yang YANG, Zhichun LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yayuan ZHANG, Xiangrong YOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320888909601555386, articleId=1320888906057368492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=不同烹饪方式对荔浦芋品质及消化性能的影响, columnId=1261336280563069408, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=特邀主编专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究烹饪方式对荔浦芋品质及消化特性的影响,本研究以荔浦芋为原料,采用煮制、蒸制、高压蒸制和烤制4种方式进行烹饪,测定了其食用品质、营养品质及体外消化性能,并采用变异系数法进行综合评分。结果表明:高压蒸制的荔浦芋感官评分、内聚性、胶着性、可恢复形变、蛋白质、脂肪、慢消化淀粉(slowly digestible starch,SDS)和综合评分最高,综合品质特性最佳;蒸制的荔浦芋膳食纤维、氨基酸总量(total amino acids,TAA)、必需氨基酸(essential amino acid,EAA) 、非必需氨基酸(non essential amino acid,NEAA)和呈味氨基酸含量最高,抗性淀粉(resistant starch, RS)含量最低;烤制的荔浦芋烹饪损失率、硬度、咀嚼性、弹性、总淀粉、灰分、碳水化合物、快消化淀粉(rapidly digestible starch,RDS)、RS、水解速率(hydrolysis rate, HR)和血糖指数预测值(predicted glycemic index,PGI)最高,水分和SDS含量最低,且褐变较为严重;煮制的荔浦芋烹饪损失率、感官评分、质构特性、基本营养成分、氨基酸含量、RDS、HR、PGI和综合评分最低,营养成分大量流失。综合分析,高压蒸制可更好地保持荔浦芋综合品质特性及烹饪效果,蒸制次之,而煮制的综合品质相对最差。

, authors=李明娟1, 2, 黄展文3, 张雅媛1, 2, *, 游向荣1, 2, *, 韦林艳1, 王颖1, 2, 周葵1, 2, 杨阳1, 2, 李志春1, 2, authorsList=李明娟, 黄展文, 张雅媛, 游向荣, 韦林艳, 王颖, 周葵, 杨阳, 李志春, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张雅媛, 游向荣, authorNote=

李明娟(1986−),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:农产品加工,E-mail:

黄展文(1987−),男,本科,助理研究员,研究方向:园艺作物采后利用,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
张雅媛(1981−),女,博士,研究员,研究方向:淀粉资源的开发与利用,E-mail:。
游向荣(1979−),女,博士,研究员,研究方向:农产品加工,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=F/DtgvuICA550XspFcui9g==, magXml=bkNDhkbJ/IdaQwiOnZrKqA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=6KUPxdezw7PfES7I0vykzg==, pdfFileSize=2348105, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Z3EaRkm5yIbp75jz16kgnw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=EveN5O4Rt9H4VJoqGeh4fQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320888910058734533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888906057368492, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=limingjuan230@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320888910138426312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888906057368492, authorId=1320888910058734533, language=EN, stringName=Mingjuan LI, firstName=Mingjuan, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
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Nanning: Guangxi University, 2019.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320888928022937697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888906057368492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=45, rfOrder=67, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SU Yingjie. Extraction, antioxidant activity and effect on sugar metabolism of water-soluble polysaccharides from Areca taro[D]. 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注:不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),图3、图6同。

, figureFileSmall=VB9tWkOSUsCAQAwB9jeM2Q==, figureFileBig=Z3EaRkm5yIbp75jz16kgnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888915079315460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888906057368492, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Lipu taro of different cooking methods, figureFileSmall=C3HNbain2PmFFTydP7xnpQ==, figureFileBig=1t4EWwHpcJ3TMoBh9vzlFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888915150618629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888906057368492, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同烹饪方式下的荔浦芋, figureFileSmall=C3HNbain2PmFFTydP7xnpQ==, figureFileBig=1t4EWwHpcJ3TMoBh9vzlFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888915217727494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888906057368492, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of different cooking methods on moisture content of Lipu taro, figureFileSmall=D0Ekj8kz1oqX4ilPIQx+QQ==, figureFileBig=RxmPcyvnGX7WafMSnJTdlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888915276447751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888906057368492, language=CN, label=图3, caption=烹饪方式对荔浦芋水分含量的影响, figureFileSmall=D0Ekj8kz1oqX4ilPIQx+QQ==, figureFileBig=RxmPcyvnGX7WafMSnJTdlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888915335168008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888906057368492, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of different cooking methods on content (a) and proportion (b) of flavoring amino acids of Lipu taro, figureFileSmall=mHBGj9SqMR+6PLHqxXsV7A==, figureFileBig=OMFvixtdFJYEtZx1EIXRbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888915402276873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888906057368492, language=CN, label=图4, caption=烹饪方式对荔浦芋滋味氨基酸含量(a)和占比(b)的影响, figureFileSmall=mHBGj9SqMR+6PLHqxXsV7A==, figureFileBig=OMFvixtdFJYEtZx1EIXRbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888915473580042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888906057368492, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of different cooking methods on hydrolysis rate of Lipu taro, figureFileSmall=W+SCVHFOfPLbbxOQx0WPRg==, figureFileBig=ipO0odKtJsuF6q0soknSUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888915536494603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888906057368492, language=CN, label=图5, caption=烹饪方式对荔浦芋水解速率的影响, figureFileSmall=W+SCVHFOfPLbbxOQx0WPRg==, figureFileBig=ipO0odKtJsuF6q0soknSUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888915591020556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888906057368492, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of different cooking methods on PGI of Lipu taro, figureFileSmall=QF+eyJ2FqZX3JbrxVvxaew==, figureFileBig=ydjdmdh7pVC4ajcQvqzwZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888915653935117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888906057368492, language=CN, label=图6, caption=烹饪方式对荔浦芋血糖指数预测值的影响, figureFileSmall=QF+eyJ2FqZX3JbrxVvxaew==, figureFileBig=ydjdmdh7pVC4ajcQvqzwZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888915712655374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888906057368492, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sensory score standard of Lipu taro

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评分项目评分依据
色泽(20分)紫白色、均匀,花纹深紫色
(16~20分)
紫白色、略暗,花纹清晰
(10~15分)
暗黄或偏白,不够均匀
(6~10分)
黄褐色,色泽不均
(0~5分)
形状(20分)形状完整
(16~20分)
形状基本完整,略有裂纹
(11~15分)
形状塌陷或有裂纹
(6~10分)
现状不完整面积占一半以上
(0~5分)
香味(20分)荔浦芋特有的香味浓郁
(16~20分)
香味略淡(11~15分)香味淡(6~10分)无明显香味(0~5分)
口感
(40分)
硬度(10分)适中(8~10分)稍硬或稍软(6~7分)硬(4~5分)很软或很硬(0~3分)
糯性(10分)好(8~10分)微糯(6~7分)不糯(4~5分)偏糙(0~3分)
沙性(10分)适中(8~10分)微黏(6~7分)黏(4~5分)偏沙(0~3分)
黏液(10分)黏液多(8~10分)黏液略多(6~7分)黏液偏少(4~5分)无黏液(0~3分)
), ArticleFig(id=1320888915788152847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888906057368492, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

荔浦芋感官评分标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评分项目评分依据
色泽(20分)紫白色、均匀,花纹深紫色
(16~20分)
紫白色、略暗,花纹清晰
(10~15分)
暗黄或偏白,不够均匀
(6~10分)
黄褐色,色泽不均
(0~5分)
形状(20分)形状完整
(16~20分)
形状基本完整,略有裂纹
(11~15分)
形状塌陷或有裂纹
(6~10分)
现状不完整面积占一半以上
(0~5分)
香味(20分)荔浦芋特有的香味浓郁
(16~20分)
香味略淡(11~15分)香味淡(6~10分)无明显香味(0~5分)
口感
(40分)
硬度(10分)适中(8~10分)稍硬或稍软(6~7分)硬(4~5分)很软或很硬(0~3分)
糯性(10分)好(8~10分)微糯(6~7分)不糯(4~5分)偏糙(0~3分)
沙性(10分)适中(8~10分)微黏(6~7分)黏(4~5分)偏沙(0~3分)
黏液(10分)黏液多(8~10分)黏液略多(6~7分)黏液偏少(4~5分)无黏液(0~3分)
), ArticleFig(id=1320888915855261712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888906057368492, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effect of different cooking methods on color of Lipu taro

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标生鲜煮制蒸制高压蒸制烤制
L*90.09±0.83a77.81±0.77b75.57±0.91c73.05±1.10d71.53±0.43e
a*2.30±0.23c2.53±0.33c3.53±0.38b3.33±0.50b4.69±0.40a
b*5.45±0.57b4.71±0.33c5.52±0.42b5.30±0.20b6.35±0.37a
ΔE/12.32±1.08d14.58±1.17c17.09±1.13b18.75±0.89a
BI7.86±0.65c8.36±0.29c10.69±0.79b10.55±0.32b13.69±0.86a
), ArticleFig(id=1320888917499428881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888906057368492, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

烹饪方式对荔浦芋色度值的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标生鲜煮制蒸制高压蒸制烤制
L*90.09±0.83a77.81±0.77b75.57±0.91c73.05±1.10d71.53±0.43e
a*2.30±0.23c2.53±0.33c3.53±0.38b3.33±0.50b4.69±0.40a
b*5.45±0.57b4.71±0.33c5.52±0.42b5.30±0.20b6.35±0.37a
ΔE/12.32±1.08d14.58±1.17c17.09±1.13b18.75±0.89a
BI7.86±0.65c8.36±0.29c10.69±0.79b10.55±0.32b13.69±0.86a
), ArticleFig(id=1320888917595897874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888906057368492, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effect of different cooking methods on sensory evaluation of Lipu taro

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烹饪方式色泽形状香味口感总分
硬度糯性沙性黏液
煮制11.65±0.41d10.85±0.91c11.70±0.71c6.40±0.52d5.80±0.59b8.25±0.68ab7.10±0.66a61.75±2.02d
蒸制16.65±0.63b17.65±0.85a16.05±0.98b8.10±0.32b7.10±0.52a7.45±1.07b7.25±0.59a80.25±1.46b
高压蒸制17.70±0.82a17.80±0.42a17.80±0.67a8.80±0.26a7.45±0.76a8.55±1.07a7.45±0.64a85.55±1.96a
烤制15.95±0.86c15.05±0.44b15.55±0.55b7.20±0.79c5.45±0.44b7.90±1.10ab4.75±0.63b71.85±1.70c
), ArticleFig(id=1320888917675589651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888906057368492, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

烹饪方式对荔浦芋感官评分的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
烹饪方式色泽形状香味口感总分
硬度糯性沙性黏液
煮制11.65±0.41d10.85±0.91c11.70±0.71c6.40±0.52d5.80±0.59b8.25±0.68ab7.10±0.66a61.75±2.02d
蒸制16.65±0.63b17.65±0.85a16.05±0.98b8.10±0.32b7.10±0.52a7.45±1.07b7.25±0.59a80.25±1.46b
高压蒸制17.70±0.82a17.80±0.42a17.80±0.67a8.80±0.26a7.45±0.76a8.55±1.07a7.45±0.64a85.55±1.96a
烤制15.95±0.86c15.05±0.44b15.55±0.55b7.20±0.79c5.45±0.44b7.90±1.10ab4.75±0.63b71.85±1.70c
), ArticleFig(id=1320888917801418772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888906057368492, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effect of different cooking methods on texture properties of Lipu taro

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烹饪方式硬度(g)咀嚼性(mJ)弹性(mm)内聚性胶着性(g)可恢复形变(mm)
生鲜971.17±65.62a3.98±0.42a1.46±0.15a0.20±0.02d218.50±19.00a0.69±0.02a
煮制58.50±6.09c0.17±0.08c1.00±0.08c0.23±0.02bc14.17±1.94c0.22±0.02d
蒸制85.33±5.65c0.33±0.05bc1.21±0.06b0.25±0.02b22.67±2.34bc0.25±0.03d
高压蒸制80.50±6.69c0.38±0.08bc1.26±0.08b0.28±0.02a26.67±2.80b0.49±0.08b
烤制121.50±8.73b0.45±0.14b1.37±0.10a0.22±0.01cd24.17±2.14bc0.34±0.03c
), ArticleFig(id=1320888917902082069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888906057368492, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

烹饪方式对荔浦芋质构特性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
烹饪方式硬度(g)咀嚼性(mJ)弹性(mm)内聚性胶着性(g)可恢复形变(mm)
生鲜971.17±65.62a3.98±0.42a1.46±0.15a0.20±0.02d218.50±19.00a0.69±0.02a
煮制58.50±6.09c0.17±0.08c1.00±0.08c0.23±0.02bc14.17±1.94c0.22±0.02d
蒸制85.33±5.65c0.33±0.05bc1.21±0.06b0.25±0.02b22.67±2.34bc0.25±0.03d
高压蒸制80.50±6.69c0.38±0.08bc1.26±0.08b0.28±0.02a26.67±2.80b0.49±0.08b
烤制121.50±8.73b0.45±0.14b1.37±0.10a0.22±0.01cd24.17±2.14bc0.34±0.03c
), ArticleFig(id=1320888918019522582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888906057368492, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effect of different cooking methods on basic nutritional components of Lipu taro (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
烹饪方式总淀粉蛋白质膳食纤维脂肪灰分碳水化合物
生鲜21.37±0.31b1.88±0.04a9.21±0.11a0.63±0.02a1.04±0.03b29.18±0.18b
煮制17.10±0.18e0.66±0.03e3.41±0.03e0.41±0.03d0.71±0.02d25.35±0.21c
蒸制18.12±0.17d1.43±0.06d7.55±0.07b0.56±0.03b0.93±0.02c26.49±0.99c
高压蒸制20.29±0.25c1.76±0.06b3.63±0.08d0.60±0.02ab1.01±0.03b28.08±0.60b
烤制22.45±0.34a1.62±0.07c4.14±0.10c0.46±0.01c1.10±0.02a33.97±0.76a
), ArticleFig(id=1320888918128574487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888906057368492, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

烹饪方式对荔浦芋基本营养成分的影响(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
烹饪方式总淀粉蛋白质膳食纤维脂肪灰分碳水化合物
生鲜21.37±0.31b1.88±0.04a9.21±0.11a0.63±0.02a1.04±0.03b29.18±0.18b
煮制17.10±0.18e0.66±0.03e3.41±0.03e0.41±0.03d0.71±0.02d25.35±0.21c
蒸制18.12±0.17d1.43±0.06d7.55±0.07b0.56±0.03b0.93±0.02c26.49±0.99c
高压蒸制20.29±0.25c1.76±0.06b3.63±0.08d0.60±0.02ab1.01±0.03b28.08±0.60b
烤制22.45±0.34a1.62±0.07c4.14±0.10c0.46±0.01c1.10±0.02a33.97±0.76a
), ArticleFig(id=1320888918220849176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888906057368492, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Effect of different cooking methods on composition and content of amino acids of Lipu taro (mg/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类滋味特征生鲜煮制蒸制高压蒸制烤制
天冬氨酸(Asp)□鲜、酸169.43±1.35c74.09±0.70e206.92±1.81a160.37±0.62d178.23±1.33b
谷氨酸(Glu)□鲜、酸138.54±0.94d66.73±0.47e180.61±1.21a144.63±0.72c160.65±1.15b
亮氨酸(Leu)*□△苦103.20±0.77b47.92±0.12d112.42±1.65a100.35±0.59c103.55±0.59b
精氨酸(Arg)苦91.90±0.87a40.23±0.55c92.18±1.05a87.11±0.89b85.98±1.00b
丙氨酸(Ala)甜79.59±0.56c38.47±0.54d81.59±0.64b84.22±0.45a84.04±0.40a
缬氨酸(Val)*△苦76.06±0.64b36.56±0.70c79.06±1.06a75.65±1.09b77.02±0.84b
脯氨酸(Pro)甜75.52±0.93a37.18±0.27c73.19±0.24b73.38±0.76b74.02±0.52b
苯丙氨酸(Phe)*□苦、芳香73.77±0.75d35.54±0.54e91.20±0.33a75.86±0.91c81.10±0.89b
丝氨酸(Ser)甜58.97±0.16c26.29±0.60e73.48±1.18a56.07±0.96d63.63±0.74b
赖氨酸(Lys)*□鲜52.41±0.61c23.85±0.28d72.65±0.91a52.82±0.28c59.43±0.51b
异亮氨酸(Ile)*□△苦52.37±0.70b24.82±0.14c54.96±1.01a51.59±0.92b52.40±0.73b
酪氨酸(Tyr)□苦、芳香46.59±0.52a19.22±0.73c46.78±0.29a43.41±1.01b42.39±0.77b
苏氨酸(Thr)*甜38.73±0.52c17.30±0.67e50.11±0.84a36.69±0.86d40.84±0.88b
甘氨酸(Gly)□甜30.27±0.89c11.41±0.59d67.98±0.80a29.27±0.67c46.98±0.16b
组氨酸(His)苦、酸22.50±0.44d9.35±0.41e30.41±0.25a24.52±0.71c28.14±0.64b
蛋氨酸(Met)*苦14.04±0.78c6.36±0.26d17.08±0.65a13.49±0.51c15.26±0.56b
TAA/1123.89±3.69c515.32±1.57e1330.62±2.81a1109.43±1.58d1193.66±5.47b
EAA/410.58±1.56c192.35±0.68e477.48±3.47a406.45±1.26d429.60±1.87b
NEAA/713.31±2.48c322.97±1.01e853.14±0.95a702.98±0.33d764.06±3.80b
EAA/TAA(%)/36.53±0.07b37.33±0.06a35.88±0.19c36.64±0.06b35.99±0.06c
EAA/NEAA(%)/57.56±0.18b59.56±0.15a55.97±0.46c57.82±0.15b56.23±0.15c
), ArticleFig(id=1320888918346678297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888906057368492, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

烹饪方式对荔浦芋氨基酸组成及含量的影响(mg/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类滋味特征生鲜煮制蒸制高压蒸制烤制
天冬氨酸(Asp)□鲜、酸169.43±1.35c74.09±0.70e206.92±1.81a160.37±0.62d178.23±1.33b
谷氨酸(Glu)□鲜、酸138.54±0.94d66.73±0.47e180.61±1.21a144.63±0.72c160.65±1.15b
亮氨酸(Leu)*□△苦103.20±0.77b47.92±0.12d112.42±1.65a100.35±0.59c103.55±0.59b
精氨酸(Arg)苦91.90±0.87a40.23±0.55c92.18±1.05a87.11±0.89b85.98±1.00b
丙氨酸(Ala)甜79.59±0.56c38.47±0.54d81.59±0.64b84.22±0.45a84.04±0.40a
缬氨酸(Val)*△苦76.06±0.64b36.56±0.70c79.06±1.06a75.65±1.09b77.02±0.84b
脯氨酸(Pro)甜75.52±0.93a37.18±0.27c73.19±0.24b73.38±0.76b74.02±0.52b
苯丙氨酸(Phe)*□苦、芳香73.77±0.75d35.54±0.54e91.20±0.33a75.86±0.91c81.10±0.89b
丝氨酸(Ser)甜58.97±0.16c26.29±0.60e73.48±1.18a56.07±0.96d63.63±0.74b
赖氨酸(Lys)*□鲜52.41±0.61c23.85±0.28d72.65±0.91a52.82±0.28c59.43±0.51b
异亮氨酸(Ile)*□△苦52.37±0.70b24.82±0.14c54.96±1.01a51.59±0.92b52.40±0.73b
酪氨酸(Tyr)□苦、芳香46.59±0.52a19.22±0.73c46.78±0.29a43.41±1.01b42.39±0.77b
苏氨酸(Thr)*甜38.73±0.52c17.30±0.67e50.11±0.84a36.69±0.86d40.84±0.88b
甘氨酸(Gly)□甜30.27±0.89c11.41±0.59d67.98±0.80a29.27±0.67c46.98±0.16b
组氨酸(His)苦、酸22.50±0.44d9.35±0.41e30.41±0.25a24.52±0.71c28.14±0.64b
蛋氨酸(Met)*苦14.04±0.78c6.36±0.26d17.08±0.65a13.49±0.51c15.26±0.56b
TAA/1123.89±3.69c515.32±1.57e1330.62±2.81a1109.43±1.58d1193.66±5.47b
EAA/410.58±1.56c192.35±0.68e477.48±3.47a406.45±1.26d429.60±1.87b
NEAA/713.31±2.48c322.97±1.01e853.14±0.95a702.98±0.33d764.06±3.80b
EAA/TAA(%)/36.53±0.07b37.33±0.06a35.88±0.19c36.64±0.06b35.99±0.06c
EAA/NEAA(%)/57.56±0.18b59.56±0.15a55.97±0.46c57.82±0.15b56.23±0.15c
), ArticleFig(id=1320888918485090330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888906057368492, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Effect of different cooking methods on RDS, SDS and RS of Lipu taro (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
烹饪方式RDSSDSRS
生鲜12.92±0.18b4.97±0.13a3.48±0.29b
煮制11.26±0.08c3.77±0.05cd2.06±0.13c
蒸制13.05±0.09b3.82±0.13bc1.25±0.10d
高压蒸制12.98±0.04b3.95±0.05b3.36±0.09b
烤制14.21±0.08a3.64±0.03d4.60±0.08a
), ArticleFig(id=1320888918619308059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888906057368492, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

烹饪方式对荔浦芋快消化、慢消化和抗性淀粉的影响(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
烹饪方式RDSSDSRS
生鲜12.92±0.18b4.97±0.13a3.48±0.29b
煮制11.26±0.08c3.77±0.05cd2.06±0.13c
蒸制13.05±0.09b3.82±0.13bc1.25±0.10d
高压蒸制12.98±0.04b3.95±0.05b3.36±0.09b
烤制14.21±0.08a3.64±0.03d4.60±0.08a
), ArticleFig(id=1320888918728359964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888906057368492, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Comprehensive score of Lipu taro by four cooking methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标平均值标准差变异系数权重标准化值综合评分
煮制蒸制高压蒸制烤制煮制蒸制高压蒸制烤制
烹饪损失率(%)5.674.750.840.130.890.540.25−1.690.110.070.03−0.21
L*74.492.40.0301.380.45−0.6−1.230.0100−0.01
a*3.520.770.220.03−1.280.01−0.251.52−0.040−0.010.05
b*5.470.590.110.021.29−0.090.29−1.50.0200−0.02
ΔE15.692.450.160.021.380.45−0.57−1.250.030.01−0.01−0.03
BI10.821.90.180.031.30.070.14−1.510.0300−0.04
色泽(分)15.492.30.150.02−1.670.510.960.2−0.040.010.020
形状(分)15.342.810.180.03−1.60.820.88−0.1−0.040.020.020
香味(分)15.282.230.150.02−1.610.351.130.12−0.040.010.020
硬度(分)7.630.910.120.02−1.350.521.3−0.47−0.020.010.02−0.01
糯性(分)6.450.840.130.02−0.770.771.19−1.19−0.020.020.02−0.02
沙性(分)8.040.410.050.010.52−1.431.25−0.340−0.010.010
黏液(分)6.641.10.170.020.420.560.74−1.720.010.010.02−0.04
总分(分)74.8590.120.02−1.450.61.19−0.33−0.030.010.02−0.01
硬度(g)86.4622.620.260.04−1.24−0.05−0.261.55−0.050−0.010.06
咀嚼性(mJ)0.330.10.310.05−1.58−0.020.461.14−0.0700.020.05
弹性(mm)1.210.130.110.02−1.5600.371.19−0.0300.010.02
内聚性0.250.020.090.01−0.650.221.53−1.09−0.0100.02−0.02
胶着性(g)21.924.70.210.03−1.650.161.010.48−0.050.010.030.02
可恢复形变(mm)0.330.110.320.05−1−0.711.570.14−0.05−0.030.080.01
水分(%)68.713.710.050.011.120.5−0.04−1.580.0100−0.01
总淀粉(%)19.492.060.110.02−1.16−0.660.391.44−0.02−0.010.010.02
蛋白质(%)1.370.420.310.05−1.660.150.920.59−0.080.010.040.03
膳食纤维(%)4.681.680.360.05−0.761.71−0.63−0.32−0.040.09−0.03−0.02
脂肪(%)0.510.080.150.02−1.280.691.22−0.63−0.030.020.03−0.01
灰分(%)0.940.140.150.02−1.57−0.050.51.12−0.0400.010.03
碳水化合物(%)28.473.320.120.02−0.94−0.6−0.121.66−0.02−0.0100.03
TAA(mg/100 g)1037.26311.510.30.05−1.680.940.230.5−0.080.040.010.02
EAA(mg/100 g)376.47109.340.290.04−1.680.920.270.49−0.070.040.010.02
NEAA(mg/100 g)660.79202.220.310.05−1.670.950.210.51−0.080.040.010.02
RDS(%)12.881.050.080.011.53−0.17−0.1−1.270.0200−0.02
SDS(%)3.80.110.030−0.230.231.4−1.4000.01−0.01
RS(%)2.821.270.450.07−0.59−1.230.431.4−0.04−0.080.030.1
PGI55.51.010.0201.060.50.06−1.620000
综合评分−0.750.280.440.00
), ArticleFig(id=1320888918870966301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888906057368492, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

4种烹饪方式制备的荔浦芋综合评分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标平均值标准差变异系数权重标准化值综合评分
煮制蒸制高压蒸制烤制煮制蒸制高压蒸制烤制
烹饪损失率(%)5.674.750.840.130.890.540.25−1.690.110.070.03−0.21
L*74.492.40.0301.380.45−0.6−1.230.0100−0.01
a*3.520.770.220.03−1.280.01−0.251.52−0.040−0.010.05
b*5.470.590.110.021.29−0.090.29−1.50.0200−0.02
ΔE15.692.450.160.021.380.45−0.57−1.250.030.01−0.01−0.03
BI10.821.90.180.031.30.070.14−1.510.0300−0.04
色泽(分)15.492.30.150.02−1.670.510.960.2−0.040.010.020
形状(分)15.342.810.180.03−1.60.820.88−0.1−0.040.020.020
香味(分)15.282.230.150.02−1.610.351.130.12−0.040.010.020
硬度(分)7.630.910.120.02−1.350.521.3−0.47−0.020.010.02−0.01
糯性(分)6.450.840.130.02−0.770.771.19−1.19−0.020.020.02−0.02
沙性(分)8.040.410.050.010.52−1.431.25−0.340−0.010.010
黏液(分)6.641.10.170.020.420.560.74−1.720.010.010.02−0.04
总分(分)74.8590.120.02−1.450.61.19−0.33−0.030.010.02−0.01
硬度(g)86.4622.620.260.04−1.24−0.05−0.261.55−0.050−0.010.06
咀嚼性(mJ)0.330.10.310.05−1.58−0.020.461.14−0.0700.020.05
弹性(mm)1.210.130.110.02−1.5600.371.19−0.0300.010.02
内聚性0.250.020.090.01−0.650.221.53−1.09−0.0100.02−0.02
胶着性(g)21.924.70.210.03−1.650.161.010.48−0.050.010.030.02
可恢复形变(mm)0.330.110.320.05−1−0.711.570.14−0.05−0.030.080.01
水分(%)68.713.710.050.011.120.5−0.04−1.580.0100−0.01
总淀粉(%)19.492.060.110.02−1.16−0.660.391.44−0.02−0.010.010.02
蛋白质(%)1.370.420.310.05−1.660.150.920.59−0.080.010.040.03
膳食纤维(%)4.681.680.360.05−0.761.71−0.63−0.32−0.040.09−0.03−0.02
脂肪(%)0.510.080.150.02−1.280.691.22−0.63−0.030.020.03−0.01
灰分(%)0.940.140.150.02−1.57−0.050.51.12−0.0400.010.03
碳水化合物(%)28.473.320.120.02−0.94−0.6−0.121.66−0.02−0.0100.03
TAA(mg/100 g)1037.26311.510.30.05−1.680.940.230.5−0.080.040.010.02
EAA(mg/100 g)376.47109.340.290.04−1.680.920.270.49−0.070.040.010.02
NEAA(mg/100 g)660.79202.220.310.05−1.670.950.210.51−0.080.040.010.02
RDS(%)12.881.050.080.011.53−0.17−0.1−1.270.0200−0.02
SDS(%)3.80.110.030−0.230.231.4−1.4000.01−0.01
RS(%)2.821.270.450.07−0.59−1.230.431.4−0.04−0.080.030.1
PGI55.51.010.0201.060.50.06−1.620000
综合评分−0.750.280.440.00
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不同烹饪方式对荔浦芋品质及消化性能的影响
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李明娟 1, 2 , 黄展文 3 , 张雅媛 1, 2, * , 游向荣 1, 2, * , 韦林艳 1 , 王颖 1, 2 , 周葵 1, 2 , 杨阳 1, 2 , 李志春 1, 2
食品工业科技 | 特邀主编专栏 2026,47(7): 41-52
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食品工业科技 |特邀主编专栏 2026 , 47 (7) : 41 -52
不同烹饪方式对荔浦芋品质及消化性能的影响
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李明娟1, 2 , 黄展文3 , 张雅媛1, 2, * , 游向荣1, 2, * , 韦林艳1, 王颖1, 2, 周葵1, 2, 杨阳1, 2, 李志春1, 2
作者信息
  • 1广西壮族自治区农业科学院农产品加工研究所,广西南宁 530007
  • 2广西果蔬贮藏与加工新技术重点实验室,广西南宁 530007
  • 3广西壮族自治区农业科学院花卉研究所,广西南宁 530007
通讯作者:
张雅媛(1981−),女,博士,研究员,研究方向:淀粉资源的开发与利用,E-mail:。
游向荣(1979−),女,博士,研究员,研究方向:农产品加工,E-mail:。
作者简介:

李明娟(1986−),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:农产品加工,E-mail:

黄展文(1987−),男,本科,助理研究员,研究方向:园艺作物采后利用,E-mail:

Effects of Different Cooking Methods on the Quality and Digestibility of Lipu Taro
Mingjuan LI1, 2 , Zhanwen HUANG3 , Yayuan ZHANG1, 2, * , Xiangrong YOU1, 2, * , Linyan WEI1, Ying WANG1, 2, Kui ZHOU1, 2, Yang YANG1, 2, Zhichun LI1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
  • 2Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning 530007, China
  • 3Flower Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
出版时间: 2026-04-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070074
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为探究烹饪方式对荔浦芋品质及消化特性的影响,本研究以荔浦芋为原料,采用煮制、蒸制、高压蒸制和烤制4种方式进行烹饪,测定了其食用品质、营养品质及体外消化性能,并采用变异系数法进行综合评分。结果表明:高压蒸制的荔浦芋感官评分、内聚性、胶着性、可恢复形变、蛋白质、脂肪、慢消化淀粉(slowly digestible starch,SDS)和综合评分最高,综合品质特性最佳;蒸制的荔浦芋膳食纤维、氨基酸总量(total amino acids,TAA)、必需氨基酸(essential amino acid,EAA) 、非必需氨基酸(non essential amino acid,NEAA)和呈味氨基酸含量最高,抗性淀粉(resistant starch, RS)含量最低;烤制的荔浦芋烹饪损失率、硬度、咀嚼性、弹性、总淀粉、灰分、碳水化合物、快消化淀粉(rapidly digestible starch,RDS)、RS、水解速率(hydrolysis rate, HR)和血糖指数预测值(predicted glycemic index,PGI)最高,水分和SDS含量最低,且褐变较为严重;煮制的荔浦芋烹饪损失率、感官评分、质构特性、基本营养成分、氨基酸含量、RDS、HR、PGI和综合评分最低,营养成分大量流失。综合分析,高压蒸制可更好地保持荔浦芋综合品质特性及烹饪效果,蒸制次之,而煮制的综合品质相对最差。

荔浦芋  /  烹饪方式  /  食用品质  /  营养品质  /  消化性能

To explore the effects of cooking methods on the quality and digestibility of Lipu taro, Lipu taro was used as raw material to cooking by four methods including boiling, steaming, pressure cooking and roasting. Its edible quality, nutritional quality and in vitro digestibility were determined, and the comprehensive scores were evaluated by coefficient of variation method. The results showed that the Lipu taro processed by pressure cooking had the highest sensory score, cohesiveness, gumminess, recoverable deformation, protein, fat, slowly digestible starch (SDS), and comprehensive score, indicating the best overall quality. Steamed taro showed the highest amounts of dietary fiber, total amino acids (TAA), essential amino acids (EAA), non essential amino acid (NEAA), and flavor amino acid, while exhibiting the lowest resistant starch (RS) content. Lipu taro processed by roasting had the highest cooking loss rate, hardness, chewiness, elasticity, total starch, ash, carbohydrates, rapidly digestible starch (RDS), RS, hydrolysis rate (HR), and predicted glycemic index (PGI), but the lowest moisture and SDS content, along with severe browning. Boiled taro had the lowest cooking loss rate, sensory score, texture properties, basic nutritional components, amino acid content, RDS, HR, PGI, and comprehensive score, suggesting substantial nutrient loss. In summary, pressure cooking best preserved the overall quality properties and cooking performance of Lipu taro, followed by steaming, while boiling showed the poorest overall quality.

Lipu taro  /  cooking methods  /  edible quality  /  nutritional quality  /  digestive property
李明娟, 黄展文, 张雅媛, 游向荣, 韦林艳, 王颖, 周葵, 杨阳, 李志春. 不同烹饪方式对荔浦芋品质及消化性能的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (7) : 41 -52 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070074
Mingjuan LI, Zhanwen HUANG, Yayuan ZHANG, Xiangrong YOU, Linyan WEI, Ying WANG, Kui ZHOU, Yang YANG, Zhichun LI. Effects of Different Cooking Methods on the Quality and Digestibility of Lipu Taro[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (7) : 41 -52 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070074
荔浦芋(Colocasia esculenta var. cormosus Lipu)属天南星科槟榔芋种,是广西荔浦县特有的国家地理标志农产品,享有“芋中之王”“芋中极品”和“皇室贡品”等美誉,是广西久负盛名的特产。荔浦芋个头硕大,营养丰富,富含淀粉、膳食纤维、蛋白质、多糖、维生素及矿物质;亦粮亦菜,食药两用,具有维持人体酸碱平衡、补气益肾、健脾养胃、调节血糖血脂和增强免疫力等功效[1−2]。目前,荔浦芋主要以鲜食蔬菜为主,经烹饪后的荔浦芋口感细腻软糯,具有独特的清香风味,备受消费者欢迎[3−4]。烹饪作为食物原料的熟制加工过程,通过热效应引发食材发生复杂的理化反应。不同的烹饪方式因其传热介质差异,显著影响食材的质量、质构、感官、风味、营养成分及消化特性,进而影响菜肴的最终品质和消化吸收[5−6]。因此,基于科学膳食理念合理选择烹饪方式,符合人体对营养健康饮食的诉求。
前人研究表明,烹饪方式显著影响芋头的食用品质与营养功能。邵童[7]通过感官评价发现,水煮、蒸制、油炸3种烹饪方式中,蒸制在口感和营养健康方面表现最佳,并据此提出了针对不同年龄段人群的膳食建议。崔莹莹等[8]研究了油炸烹饪条件(油的种类、油炸温度、油炸时间)对荔浦芋色泽、含油量、质地和感官品质的影响,并优化了油炸工艺。殷剑美等[9]则从硬度、糯性、沙性、黏液量、口感和香味6个指标评价了蒸煮芋头的食味品质,建立了一套芋头食味评价体系。黎小椿等[10]研究了蒸制时间对红芽芋感官品质的影响,结果表明蒸制时间过长或过短均会降低其食用口感,蒸制15 min时品质最佳。芋头淀粉易消化,其体外消化率受烹饪方式调控。研究发现,水煮与微波蒸煮可提升土耳其芋头的淀粉消化率[11];雷焕娜等[12]研究指出,蒸制促使甘薯中的抗性淀粉(resistant starch,RS)向快消化淀粉(rapidly digestible starch,RDS)转化(RS下降至2.6%,RDS提高至32%),提高了甘薯的消化率。值得注意的是,烹饪对食物淀粉组分和消化速率的影响直接决定了餐后血糖指数(glycemic index,GI),而芋头属于低中等升糖特性食物,其消化特性对需要控制血糖的人群至关重要[13]。
然而,目前关于荔浦芋在不同烹饪方式中品质变化规律的研究仍不完善,尚未系统解析煮制、蒸制、高压蒸制及烤制等多种常用烹饪方式对荔浦芋食用品质、营养品质及消化特性的影响机制。从营养科学摄入的角度出发,系统研究不同烹饪方式对荔浦芋品质及消化性能的影响,对我国居民营养健康具有重要意义。因此,本研究以荔浦芋为对象,切片后分别采用煮制、蒸制、高压蒸制和烤制4种烹饪方式进行处理,以生鲜荔浦芋为对照,对样品食用品质(烹饪损失率、色度值、感官评分、质构特性)、营养品质(水分、基本营养成分、氨基酸含量及呈味特征)及体外消化性能(淀粉组分、消化速率、GI预测值)进行系统研究,并结合变异系数法计算品质指标综合评分,综合评估4种烹饪方式对荔浦芋品质特性的影响。本研究旨在为消费者和生产者选择较合理的荔浦芋烹饪方式提供科学依据,为荔浦芋菜肴品质控制及加工产业优化提供理论支撑。
荔浦芋 采自广西荔浦县,采收当天通过顺丰快递运送至实验室,第二天送达实验室后常温放置一晚,挑选个体均匀完整、无机械损伤、无腐烂变质的荔浦芋作为试验材料;100T/96S淀粉含量检测试剂盒 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;无水乙醚、石油醚、葡萄糖、NaOH、3,5-二硝基水杨酸(DNS)、酒石酸钾钠、结晶酚、亚硫酸钠、Na2HPO4、NaH2PO4、无水乙醇、醋酸、醋酸钠、NaCl、KCl、HCl 分析纯,广西南宁泰诺生物工程有限公司;α-淀粉酶(500 U/mg) 美国Worthington公司;葡萄糖淀粉酶(100000 U/mL) 上海阿拉丁试剂有限公司;胃蛋白酶(10000 U/g) 美国Sigma公司。
CM-3600A型分光测色计 日本柯尼卡美能达公司;CT3型质构仪 美国Broofield公司;K9840凯氏定氮仪 济南海能仪器股份有限公司;SZF-06A粗脂肪测定仪 上海新嘉电子有限公司;1260液相色谱仪 美国Agilent公司;TGL-16M台式高速离心机 湖南湘仪离心机仪器有限公司;TU-1810紫外可见分光光度计 北京普析通用仪器有限责任公司;SX2-12-10马弗炉 龙口市电炉制造厂;101-2AB电热恒温干燥箱 天津泰斯特仪器有限公司。
将荔浦芋冲洗干净、去皮,沿纵向将芋头均匀切成两半,再从中间横切成厚度约1~1.1 cm的片状。基于前期大量预实验结果,优化并确定以下4种烹饪方式的具体处理条件。煮制:在煮锅中按料液比1:20(g/mL)加入清水,置于电磁炉加热至沸腾,投入芋头片,盖上锅盖煮制8 min。蒸制:在蒸锅中加入适量清水,置于电磁炉加热至沸腾,将芋头片单层平铺于蒸架,盖上锅盖蒸制8 min。高压蒸制:在家用高压锅中加入适量清水,将芋头片置于不锈钢盘中,放入高压锅内的支架上(隔水),盖上锅盖加热,待压力指示器开始喷汽后计时2 min,立即用流动冷水冷却降压,打开锅盖。烤制:将芋头片单层放置于锡纸上包裹,放入烤盘,置于预热至上下火250 ℃的烤箱中焙烤15 min。所有烹饪处理均设3次重复,烹饪结束后冷却至室温待测,以未经烹饪的生鲜荔浦芋切片作为对照样品。
分别准确称量烹饪前芋头片的质量(m1)及烹饪后吸干表面水分芋头片的质量(m2),按公式(1)计算烹饪损失率。
$\rm 烹饪损失率 (\text{%})=\frac{\text{m}_1-\text{m}_2}{\text{m}_1}\times 100 $
采用CM-3600A分光测色仪测定样品表面的色度值[14],L*值为亮度,范围从0(黑色)到100(白色);a*值为红绿度,正值表示偏红,负值表示偏绿;b*值为黄蓝度,正值表示偏黄,负值表示偏蓝。
为量化烹饪引起的色泽变化,按公式(2)计算总色差ΔE。
$ \Delta E=\sqrt{(L_{0}^{\text{*}}-{L}^{\text{*}})^{2}+({a}_{\text{0}}^{\text{*}}-{{a}}^{*})^{2}+({b}_{\text{0}}^{\text{*}}-{{b}}^{\text{*}})^{2}} $
式中:L0*、a0*、b0*和L*、a*、b*分别代表生鲜芋头片和烹饪后的芋头片色度值。
根据参考文献[15]的方法,按公式(3)计算褐变指数(browning index,BI)以表征烹饪后芋头的褐变程度。
$ \mathrm{BI}=\frac{100\times\left(\dfrac{a^{\text{*}}+1.75L^{\text{*}}}{5.645L^{\text{*}}+a^{\text{*}}-3.012b^{\text{*}}}-0.31\right)}{0.172} $
组织10名具有食品感官评价经验的人员(5名男性、5名女性)组成评价小组,对评价员进行培训,使其熟悉评价指标、评分标准及操作方法。评价员参照感官评分标准[3](见表1),从色泽、形状、香味、口感(硬度、糯性、沙性、黏液)方面对样品进行独立评分。
采用CT3质构仪测定芋头片的质构特性,测定指标包括硬度、咀嚼性、弹性、内聚性、胶着性、可恢复形变。测定条件:TPA模式,选用TA39圆柱形探头,距离3 mm,触发力10 g,测试速度0.5 mm/s。
水分含量按GB 5009.3-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中水分的测定》直接干燥法测定;淀粉含量采用100T/96S淀粉含量检测试剂盒测定;蛋白质含量按GB 5009.5-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中蛋白质的测定》凯氏自动定氮仪测定;脂肪含量按GB 5009.6-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中脂肪的测定》索式抽提法测定;膳食纤维含量按GB 5009.88-2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中膳食纤维的测定》;灰分按GB5009.4-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中灰分的测定》。碳水化合物按公式(4)计算。
$\begin{split} &\rm \mathrm{碳水化合物(\text{%})=100\text{%} -水分(\text{%})-蛋白质(\text{%})-\\&脂肪(\text{%})-灰分(\text{%})} \end{split} $
参照GB 5009.124-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中氨基酸的测定》中的酸水解法测定样品中氨基酸种类及含量,并分析呈味氨基酸含量和占比。
参照Englyst等[16]和王雨星等[17]的方法进行体外模拟消化试验,并作适当修改,测定RDS、慢消化淀粉(slowly digestible starch,SDS)和RS含量,具体方法如下:称取荔浦芋样品20 g,加蒸馏水80 mL,使用破壁机打浆2 min至均匀细腻,取10 mL浆液置于50 mL离心管中,沸水浴持续振荡30 mim,取出后冷却至室温;加入10 mL醋酸钠缓冲液(pH5.2)和5 mL有α-淀粉酶500 U/mg和葡萄糖淀粉酶100000 U/mL的混合酶液,并于37 ℃水浴酶解,期间以200 r/min的速度不停振荡;分别在酶解时间0、20、40、60、90、120和180 min吸取1 mL酶解液立即加入预先装有10 mL 70%乙醇的试管中灭酶,停止酶解反应;4000 r/min离心15 min后取0.5 mL上清液,采用DNS法测定540 nm处吸光值,通过葡萄糖标准曲线计算各时间点释放的葡萄糖含量,分别按公式(5)(6)和(7)计算淀粉组分RDS、SDS和RS含量。
$\rm RDS(\text{%})=\frac{(G_{20}-FG)\times 0.9}{\text{TS}}\times 100 $
$\rm SDS(\text{%})=\frac{(G_{120}-G_{20})\times 0.9}{\text{TS}}\times 100 $
$\rm \mathrm{RS(\text{%})=总淀粉-RDS-SDS} $
式中:FG为样品酶解前所含有的葡萄糖含量,mg;G20为样品酶解20 min时产生的葡萄糖含量,mg;G120为样品酶解120 min时产生的葡萄糖含量,mg;TS为样品质量,mg。
参照Goñi等[18]方法,并适当修改,测定HR和PGI,具体方法如下:称取荔浦芋样品20 g,加蒸馏水80 mL,用破壁机打浆2 min至均匀细腻,取2 mL浆液,加入10 mL HCl-KCl缓冲液(pH1.5),用HCl调pH至1.5;加入0.2 mL胃蛋白酶液,40 ℃水浴振荡60 min,取出后冷却至室温;向胃消化后的混合液中加入磷酸盐缓冲液(pH6.9)定容至25 mL,用NaOH调pH至6.9;加入1 mL α-淀粉酶溶液,置于37 ℃恒温水浴中不停振荡,0~180 min期间每隔30 min取酶解液1 mL,高温灭酶停止酶解反应,冷却至室温后加入3 mL醋酸钠缓冲液(pH4.75)和60 μL葡萄糖淀粉酶溶液,60 ℃恒温水浴振荡45 min后采用DNS法测定反应液中葡萄糖含量,分别按公式(8)和(9)计算HR和PGI。
$\rm HR(\text{%})=\frac{取样时间点葡萄糖含量\times 0.9}{样品质量}\times 100 $
$ \mathrm{PGI=39.21+0.803\times HR}_{ \mathrm{90}} $
式中,HR90为90 min时样品的水解速率。
参照文献[19]的方法,基于变异系数法计算4种烹饪方式制备的荔浦芋品质特性综合评分,综合评价不同烹饪方式对荔浦芋整体品质的影响,以确定最佳烹饪方式。其中烹饪损失率、b*值、ΔE、BI、RDS和PGI越低表示荔浦芋品质越好,因此为逆指标,标准化值取相反数。
色度值和质构特性指标进行6次平行实验,其余指标进行3次平行试验,所有结果均以鲜重计,数据以“平均值±标准偏差”形式呈现。采用DPS 7.05和Microsoft Excel 2016软件对实验数据进行统计分析及制图,并采用Duncan’s多重比较法进行差异显著性检验,P<0.05表示差异显著。
烹饪损失率指食品在烹饪过程中损失的水分及可溶性物质(如淀粉、蛋白质、纤维素等)占总质量的比例。由图1可知,烤制的荔浦芋烹饪损失率最高,达13.69%,显著高于其他组(P<0.05);高压蒸制和蒸制组次之,两者间无显著差异(P>0.05);煮制组烹饪损失率最低,仅为1.43%,显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。产生这种差异的主要原因在于不同烹饪方式的水分迁移机制不同:烘烤时的250 ℃高温和较长烹饪时间导致荔浦芋内部水分大量蒸发,因此烹饪损失率最高;蒸制和高压蒸制主要依靠水蒸气传热,部分冷凝水被物料吸收,从而减少了损失率,故烹饪损失率低于烤制组;煮制过程中,荔浦芋始终浸泡在沸水中,温度相对较低且烹饪时间适中,水分得以较好保留,因此烹饪损失率最低。这种差异反映了不同烹饪方式对荔浦芋水分迁移和保持特性的显著影响。
色度值是评价荔浦芋外观品质的关键指标之一,烹饪过程中发生的酶促和非酶促褐变程度因烹饪方式不同而异,直接影响其食用品质。由表2和图2可知,烹饪后荔浦芋亮度L*值显著低于生鲜组(P<0.05),其大小排序为:生鲜>煮制>蒸制>高压蒸制>烤制,表明烹饪导致荔浦芋亮度普遍下降,尤其烤制的。这与不同烹饪方式下原料发生美拉德和焦糖化反应有关[20],同时受到淀粉、蛋白质及多酚类物质的氧化、聚合和降解的影响[21]。煮制以100 ℃左右的水为传热介质,热量传递均匀、稳定,淀粉糊化及美拉德反应程度较轻,因此L*值下降幅度较小。蒸制以水蒸气传热,热效率较高,温度略高于煮制,促进了淀粉糊化和美拉德部分产物的生成,亮度略低于煮制组。高压蒸制在高温高压下显著增强了淀粉糊化和美拉德反应进程,L*值进一步降低。烤制高温、低水分活度条件极大地促进了美拉德和焦糖化反应进程,同时加速了蛋白质变性和淀粉降解,L*值最低。
烹饪后荔浦芋a*值均升高(红移),可能与多酚氧化及花青素类物质在热作用下的结构变化有关[22],尤其在高温和低水分条件下更为显著。煮制组b*值显著降低,与Zhang等[14]研究一致;烤制组b*值显著高于其他组(P<0.05),因烤制高温长时加热,非酶促褐变[23]和美拉德反应[24]剧烈,b*值最高。ΔE和BI结果一致表明,煮制组褐变程度最轻,烤制组最严重,与L*、a*、b*值变化趋势吻合,这与不同烹饪方式中热力学条件引起的淀粉糊化、蛋白质变性及非酶褐变反应程度的差异密切相关。高温、低水分及高压条件通过改变反应动力学途径显著影响了荔浦芋的色度值。
感官评价是消费者对荔浦芋色泽、形状、风味、口感、质地等感官品质进行综合评判的重要方法,该方法受品种特性、栽培条件、采后处理、原料结构性质及烹饪方式等多种因素影响[25]。由表3可知,不同烹饪方式对荔浦芋色泽、硬度和感官总分的影响显著,感官总分排序为:高压蒸制>蒸制>烤制>煮制。高压蒸制的感官总分最高,显著高于其他组(P<0.05),产品呈均匀紫白色、深紫色花纹清晰,形状完整,香味浓郁,硬度和沙性适中,糯性好、黏液多;蒸制组感官评分次之,各项指标表现良好,但整体略逊于高压蒸制组;烤制组色泽略暗,形状完整但偶见裂纹,烤香味明显,但荔浦芋自身风味减弱,口感稍硬,糯性略差,黏液较少;煮制的荔浦芋感官评分最低(仅61.75分),其紫色花纹褪色、色泽不均,边缘塌陷,香味较淡,口感偏软,糯性较差。可见,高压蒸制的荔浦芋在保持产品色泽、形状、风味和口感方面具有明显优势,综合感官品质最优。
质构特性是食物在咀嚼吞咽过程中质地的综合体现,采用质构仪模拟口腔咀嚼荔浦芋,可对其质构特性进行客观评价。已有研究指出,不同芋头品种因淀粉、糖蛋白和黏多糖含量差异,烹饪后的硬度、弹性和胶着性等质地存在差异[26]。硬度指咀嚼荔浦芋发生形变到一定程度所需的力,是决定口感的关键因素。由表4可知,所有烹饪处理均导致荔浦芋硬度急剧下降,降幅达87.49%~93.98%,显著低于生鲜组(P<0.05)。Zhang等[14]研究发现槟榔芋头经蒸煮加工后硬度显著降低,与本研究结果一致。4种烹饪方式中,烤制组硬度最高,显著高于其他组(P<0.05),由于烤制长时间高温条件导致蛋白质和纤维素的化学键断裂,降低细胞间结合力,同时芋头内部水分大量蒸发,使得组织表面结壳[27],硬度显著增加。煮制组硬度最低,但与蒸制和高压蒸制组间无显著差异。硬度的差异也可能与不同烹饪方式下荔浦芋淀粉糊化程度不同有关[28]。
咀嚼性指咀嚼荔浦芋至可吞咽状态时所需消耗的能量,反映了芋头对咀嚼的抵抗力。所有烹饪处理均显著降低了荔浦芋的咀嚼性,降幅为88.69%~95.73%,显著低于生鲜组(P<0.05),降幅排序为:煮制>蒸制>高压蒸制>烤制。烤制的荔浦芋咀嚼性显著高于煮制的(P<0.05),但与蒸制和高压蒸制组差异不显著。这种差异可能与烹饪温度有关,烤制高温加速水分流失,限制了荔浦芋淀粉颗粒的充分膨胀和破裂,导致咀嚼所需能量相对较高,赵冬等[29]研究也发现温度是影响荔浦芋咀嚼性的首要因素。弹性指荔浦芋第一次发生形变后恢复至原有形态的能力。弹性排序为:生鲜>烤制>高压蒸制>蒸制>煮制,除烤制外的3种烹饪方式均显著降低了荔浦芋的弹性,降幅为6.16%~31.51%,均显著低于生鲜组(P<0.05)。
内聚性指荔浦芋内部分子间结合力的大小,反映样品抵抗破坏和保持完整性的能力。内聚性排序为:生鲜<烤制<煮制<蒸制<高压蒸制,烹饪后内聚性均有所升高,升幅分别为10.00%、15.00%、25.00%和40.00%,表明高压蒸制的荔浦芋内部结合力最强,能更好地抵抗外力。本研究结果与Zhang等[14]报道的槟榔芋烹饪后内聚性降低结果不一致,可能与芋头品种差异及具体烹饪处理方式不同有关。不同烹饪方式对荔浦芋胶着性和可恢复形变影响较大,且二者变化趋势一致:生鲜>高压蒸制>烤制>蒸制>煮制;与生鲜组相比,所有烹饪处理均导致胶着性和可恢复形变显著降低(P<0.05),这可能与烹饪后荔浦芋中的淀粉、糖蛋白、黏多糖等含量或结构变化有关。
由图3可知,不同烹饪方式对荔浦芋水分含量影响较大,不同试验组之间差异显著(P<0.05),水分含量排序为:煮制>蒸制>高压蒸制>生鲜>烤制,除烤制组外,其他3种方式烹饪的荔浦芋水分含量均显著高于生鲜组(P<0.05)。煮制组水分含量最高(72.86%),因为煮制过程芋头浸泡在沸水中,吸收的水分量大于烹饪损失(蒸发/渗出);同时,高温和充足水分促进了淀粉糊化和蛋白质溶胀,显著增强了持水能力。蒸制和高压蒸制利用水蒸气传热,冷凝水可部分补充表面蒸发损失,同时淀粉糊化过程也吸收水分;蒸制时间比高压蒸制时间久,可能是导致其水分含量略高于高压蒸制组的原因。高温烘烤导致荔浦芋中的自由水快速挥发,当自由水耗尽后,结合水也开始流失,造成水分大幅度降低。水分含量变化规律与烹饪损失率结果高度吻合。
荔浦芋的基本营养成分包括淀粉、蛋白质、膳食纤维、脂肪、灰分和碳水化合物等,烹饪过程会造成不同程度的营养成分流失,不同烹饪方式对荔浦芋基本营养成分的影响见表5。
与生鲜组相比,不同烹饪方式对荔浦芋淀粉含量影响显著(P<0.05),煮制、蒸制和高压蒸制分别使淀粉含量下降19.98%、15.21%和5.05%;而烤制则使淀粉含量升高5.05%。烹饪使荔浦芋淀粉颗粒溶胀、破裂,破坏淀粉颗粒结构,导致淀粉降解[30]。煮制时荔浦芋直接与水接触,淀粉颗粒因长时间水煮而大量溶出,而流失最多;蒸制受蒸气凝结水滴冲刷,淀粉溶出次之;高压蒸制在高压下加速热穿透及淀粉糊化速率,烹饪时间最短,淀粉流失最少;烤制以干热空气为介质,热传递效率低且环境水分活度低,淀粉难以充分糊化,同时物料水分大幅度蒸发,干物质比例上升,因而淀粉相对含量升高。
与生鲜组相比,荔浦芋烹饪后其蛋白质含量均显著下降(P<0.05),高压蒸制、烤制、蒸制和煮制分别下降6.38%、13.83%、23.94%和64.89%。可见,不同烹饪方式对荔浦芋蛋白质影响显著,高温烹饪导致氨基酸氧化、蛋白质变性和降解,导致蛋白质含量降低[31]。煮制过程因荔浦芋中的蛋白质水解及部分氨基酸、水溶性蛋白溶出最为显著,故损失最大;其他烹饪方式并未与水直接接触,减少了蛋白质的流失。
荔浦芋生鲜样品中膳食纤维含量为9.21%,所有烹饪处理均导致其显著降低(P<0.05),含量排序为:生鲜>蒸制>烤制>高压蒸制>煮制。煮制使部分水溶性膳食纤维溶出于水中而显著损失;高压蒸制的高压高温条件可能促进部分不可溶性膳食纤维向可溶性膳食纤维转换,并因高压下的剧烈水合作用与热降解,加剧膳食纤维的降解流失;蒸制冷凝水有限,溶出损失较少,膳食纤维保留率最高[32]。荔浦芋属于低脂食材,脂肪含量仅为0.63%。烹饪后荔浦芋脂肪含量普遍降低,高压蒸制和蒸制组下降较少,而烤制和煮制组脂肪含量显著下降(P<0.05),降幅分别为26.98%和34.92%(P<0.05)。脂肪的变化与其热敏性、存在状态及传热介质密切相关。烤制因长时间高温导致油脂外溢,煮制则因脂肪受热分解为小分子物质溶于水中流失[33]。
灰分含量在一定程度上反映了矿物质和微量元素水平。与生鲜组比,煮制组灰分损失最多,损失了31.73%(P<0.05),蒸制组损失次之,损失了10.58%(P<0.05),灰分损失主要源于水溶性矿物质溶解或随水滴冲刷流失[34];而烤制组灰分含量最高,主要归因于水分大幅下降导致其相对浓缩效应。生鲜荔浦芋碳水化合物含量为29.18%,是良好的碳水化合物来源。烤制组碳水化合物含量显著高于生鲜组,主要受水分含量降低影响;而其他3种烹饪方式均使荔浦芋碳水化合物降低,尤其煮制和蒸制组降低较明显。
氨基酸由必需氨基酸(essential amino acid,EAA)和非必需氨基酸(non essential amino acid,NEAA)组成,是构成蛋白质的基本结构单位,也是荔浦芋的重要营养成分。由表6可知,所有样品均含有16种氨基酸(7种EAA、9种NEAA),种类丰富,与毕继安等[35]报道一致。EAA含量占氨基酸总量(total amino acids,TAA)的35%以上,含有8种药用氨基酸和3种支链氨基酸,表明荔浦芋蛋白品质优良。天冬氨酸和谷氨酸含量较高,均占TAA的12%以上,是荔浦芋的特征氨基酸。烹饪后荔浦芋氨基酸种类保持不变,但含量发生显著变化。
荔浦芋TAA、EAA和NEAA含量排序均为:蒸制>烤制>生鲜>高压蒸制>煮制,组间差异均显著(P<0.05)。蒸制和烤制组TAA分别比生鲜组提高了18.39%和6.21%,这可能是蒸制过程中蛋白质受热分解为氨基酸而使TAA显著增加;高温烤制导致部分氨基酸热降解损失,但水分大幅蒸发造成其含量相对浓缩提高。高压蒸制和煮制的荔浦芋TAA分别降低了1.29%和54.15%(P<0.05),主要因为高压高温烹饪过程中氨基酸发生Strecker降解反应有关[36],而煮制过程中水溶性氨基酸大量溶出并流失于水中[37]。
药用氨基酸和支链氨基酸属于功能氨基酸,在人体生理调节和健康维护方面发挥着重要作用。药用氨基酸具有增强免疫力、消除疲劳、改善肝功能等作用,支链氨基酸具有促进胰岛素和生长激素释放、调节蛋白代谢等作用[38]。功能氨基酸含量排序为:蒸制(1079.96 mg/100 g)>烤制(957.70 mg/100 g)>生鲜(898.21 mg/100 g)>高压蒸制(885.89 mg/100 g)>煮制(412.88 mg/100 g)。荔浦芋功能氨基酸含量丰富,约占各组TAA的80%左右;蒸制和烤制有利于保留甚至提升功能氨基酸价值,而高压蒸制和煮制则导致其不同程度降低。
氨基酸是重要的呈味物质,呈味氨基酸的含量和占比直接影响荔浦芋独特风味。据呈味特性,将氨基酸分为鲜味、甜味、苦味、酸味和芳香味氨基酸共5类[39],具体分类见表6。由表6可知,无论生鲜还是烹饪的荔浦芋,呈鲜味和酸味的天冬氨酸和谷氨酸含量均位居前两位,两者合计占各样品TAA的27.33%~29.12%,且它们存在协同效应,能显著增强荔浦芋的鲜味[39],说明所有样品均具有良好呈鲜效果。
由图4a和4b可知,对于同一样品(生鲜或某种烹饪方式),各类呈味氨基酸含量和占比排序一致:苦味>鲜味>酸味>甜味>芳香味。值得注意的是,鲜味和甜味氨基酸的总和及其占比均明显高于苦味氨基酸,这对荔浦芋整体风味感知至关重要。对于同一种呈味类型,烹饪方式排序均为:蒸制>烤制>生鲜>高压蒸制>煮制,所有烹饪方式对苦味和甜味氨基酸的影响均达到显著水平(P<0.05);鲜味、酸味和芳香味氨基酸受蒸制、烤制和煮制烹饪的影响差异显著(P<0.05);与生鲜相比,蒸制和烤制显著降低了荔浦芋苦味氨基酸占比,同时显著提高了鲜味和甜味氨基酸占比。可见,蒸制和烤制不仅能有效保留荔浦芋氨基酸的营养价值,还能优化其滋味特征,提升鲜味和甜味的愉悦感,贡献丰富的滋味。
基于营养学中的消化速率将淀粉分为RDS、SDS和RS三大类,RDS指在人体小肠中20 min内被快速消化的淀粉,摄入后导致GI快速升高;SDS指在人体小肠中20~120 min内被缓慢消化的淀粉,能在体内持续释放能量,不会产生高血糖反应;RS指在人体小肠中120 min内无法被消化吸收的淀粉,有助于调节血糖平衡[40]。由表7可知,与生鲜组相比,烤制、蒸制和高压蒸制组RDS含量分别增加了9.98%(P<0.05)、1.01%和0.46%,说明这3种方式烹饪的荔浦芋易于消化吸收;而煮制组RDS含量则降低了12.85%(P<0.05)。所有烹饪处理的荔浦芋SDS含量均显著低于生鲜组,降低幅度为20.52%~26.76%(P<0.05),但各烹饪处理组之间差异不显著。高压蒸制、煮制和蒸制组的RS含量比生鲜组分别降低了3.45%、40.80%和64.08%,而烤制组RS含量则升高了32.18%,这主要归因于烤制组样品含水量低的影响。
荔浦芋的消化速率通过淀粉酶水解速率(HR)来表征,HR越低,表明消化速率越慢,消化性能越好,即血糖反应越平缓。不同烹饪方式对荔浦芋细胞破坏程度、游离淀粉率、淀粉结构、糊化程度及蛋白质酶解量的影响不同,因而其消化性能存在差异[41]。由图5可知,所有样品组HR随时间变化呈现相似的动力学特征:前30 min急剧上升,30~90 min缓慢上升,90 min时均达到最大值,之后缓慢下降。水解初期,荔浦芋中的蛋白质被酶解破坏,释放淀粉颗粒,并使其结构有序性紊乱,淀粉酶快速嵌入淀粉颗粒内部将其酶解,HR迅速升高;水解中期,荔浦芋中的支链淀粉分子链伸展,淀粉颗粒膨胀破裂,提供更多酶作用位点,HR缓慢上升;水解后期,易消化淀粉耗尽,剩余淀粉难以酶解,同时淀粉发生凝沉(从无序到有序重排),降低酶敏感性,使得HR缓慢降低[42]。
整个消化过程中,相同时间点的HR排序均为:烤制>高压蒸制>蒸制>煮制。烤制组HR始终处于最高值,显著高于同期其他处理组10.25%~43.08%(P<0.05),烤制的高温和脱水可能降低了荔浦芋内源性酶抑制剂活性,并增加了淀粉颗粒对淀粉酶的敏感性,从而加速水解[43]。煮制组HR一直处于最低值,比同期其他处理组低2.14%~30.11%,表明煮制的荔浦芋更有利于消化吸收,这可能与煮制过程水分充足、温度适宜,促进了淀粉的充分糊化,使其更易于被淀粉酶接触和分解有关[12]。
GI是评估碳水化合物食物引起餐后血糖反应的重要指标,根据GI值可将食物分为高GI食物(GI>70)、中GI食物(70<GI<55)和低GI食物(GI<55)。人体对低GI食物的消化吸收缓慢,有助于维持血糖稳态,而摄入高GI食物后,会在短时间内引起血糖升高,不利于身体健康[44]。人体对荔浦芋血糖高低的反应取决于其消化速率的快慢,PGI基于体外消化HR计算得出,由图6可知,生鲜、煮制、蒸制、高压蒸制和烤制的荔浦芋PGI分别为54.88、54.43、54.99、55.43和57.13。可见,煮制组PGI最低,生鲜和蒸制组次之,三者PGI均小于55,属于低GI食物;烤制组PGI最高,显著高于其他组(P<0.05),与高压蒸制组均属于中GI食物。本研究煮制、生鲜、蒸制组的低PGI结果与Yang等[13]报道的烹饪芋头低GI值(47.7)相符,据此推测荔浦芋中可能存在调节血糖代谢的活性成分,如水溶性多糖[45];高压蒸制和烤制组的中PGI结果与Simsek等[11](芋头GI 63.1)和Ramdath等[46](芋头GI 61)报道的中GI范围一致。通过选择烹饪方式,如煮制、蒸制,可有效延缓荔浦芋中葡萄糖的释放与转化速率,具有调控餐后血糖反应的潜力。
由表8可知,荔浦芋品质特性指标中,烹饪损失率在荔浦芋综合品质评价中所占权重最高,为0.13,表明烹饪损失率在评价不同烹饪方式对荔浦芋整体品质的影响中占有重要地位;RS含量、咀嚼性、可恢复形变、蛋白质、膳食纤维和NEAA的权重次之,在0.05~0.07之间。荔浦芋品质特性综合评分排序为:高压蒸制>蒸制>烤制>煮制,综合评分分别为0.44、0.28、0.00和-0.75。结果表明,高压蒸制的荔浦芋综合品质得分最高,品质特性最优;蒸制的次之;煮制的荔浦芋综合品质评分最低,品质特性最差。
本研究系统评价了煮制、蒸制、高压蒸制和烤制共4种烹饪方式对荔浦芋食用品质、营养品质及消化性能的影响,主要结论如下:食用品质结果显示,高压蒸制的荔浦芋在感官评分、内聚性、胶着性和可恢复形变方面表现最佳,食用品质最优;煮制组烹饪损失率最低,色泽保持最好,但感官评分、硬度、咀嚼性、弹性、胶着性和可恢复形变均最低;烤制组烹饪损失率、硬度、咀嚼性和弹性最高,褐变最严重。营养品质结果显示,煮制的荔浦芋水分含量最高,但总淀粉、蛋白质、膳食纤维、脂肪、灰分、碳水化合物、TAA、EAA和NEAA含量均最低,表明营养流失较为严重;烤制组水分含量最低,而总淀粉、灰分和碳水化合物含量最高;蒸制组在膳食纤维、TAA、EAA、NEAA、功能氨基酸和呈味氨基酸含量上最高;高压蒸制组则具有最高的蛋白质和脂肪含量。消化性能结果显示,烤制的荔浦芋RDS、RS、HR和PGI最高,SDS最低,属于中GI食物;煮制组RDS、HR和PGI最低,属于低GI食物。综合评分结果表明,高压蒸制的荔浦芋综合评分最高,其综合品质特性及烹饪效果最好;蒸制组次之,煮制组综合评分最低。本研究为优化荔浦芋烹饪工艺、提升其食用与营养品质及推动科学膳食提供了理论依据和技术参考,接下来可进一步探究不同烹饪方式对荔浦芋风味物质组成及释放规律的影响。

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2026年第47卷第7期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070074
  • 接收时间:2025-07-08
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-04-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-08
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    1广西壮族自治区农业科学院农产品加工研究所,广西南宁 530007
    2广西果蔬贮藏与加工新技术重点实验室,广西南宁 530007
    3广西壮族自治区农业科学院花卉研究所,广西南宁 530007

通讯作者:

张雅媛(1981−),女,博士,研究员,研究方向:淀粉资源的开发与利用,E-mail:。
游向荣(1979−),女,博士,研究员,研究方向:农产品加工,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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