Article(id=1320888901158425160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883923090002610, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020251, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740931200000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854054965, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1774972800000, pubDateStr=2026-04-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854054965, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854054965, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854054965, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883923090002610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='510', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774972800000', pubDateStr='2026-04-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852868101, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852868101, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=228, endPage=238, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320888901376528969, articleId=1320888901158425160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Extraction, Composition and Hypouricemic Activity of Total Flavonoid from Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medicus, columnId=1261343843090313538, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Processing Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study was aimed to extract the total flavonoids from the flowers of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medicus, clarify the composition of the individual flavonoid compounds as well as its ameliorative effect on hyperuricemia in mice. The dried flower of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medicus was used as raw materials for this study. Both single-factor and response surface approaches were performed to optimize the parameters for the isolation of total flavonoid from Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medicus. The molecular composition of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medicus extract was analyzed using the targeted metabolomics approach. Furthermore, an animal model of hyperuricemia was established to elucidate the hypouricemic activity of total flavonoid. The maximum content of total flavonoid could reach 19.73±0.11 mg/g when the extraction lasting for 35 min under the conditions set at a liquid/material ratio 25:1 mL/g, ultrasonic power 250 W and microwave power 190 W. The targeted metabolomics data revealed that the dominant flavonoid compounds were myricetin, phenylalanine, rutin, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin, etc. Compared to the level of uric acid (124.95±26.22 μmol/L) in the hyperuricemic mice, the administration with low- and high-dose of total flavonoid extract significantly decreased the uric acid levels, being 52.62±2.76 μmol/L and 43.80±9.94 μmol/L, respectively. The findings indicated that total flavonoid extract could exert hypouricemic effects by alleviating kidney and liver damage in mice, lowering levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor, creatinine and urinary nitrogen in the serum, malondialdehyde content in the kidney, and xanthine oxidase activity in the liver, while enhancing the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the kidney. These findings are expected to provide theoretical guidance and data support for the value-added utilization of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medicus and also for the development of novel hypouricemic products.

, authors=Jiajia YANG1, Yanxia WU1, Rongrong WANG1, Wenlong YU1, Xianghong WANG1, *, Jinmo LIU2, Si MI1, *, authorsList=Jiajia YANG, Yanxia WU, Rongrong WANG, Wenlong YU, Xianghong WANG, Jinmo LIU, Si MI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xianghong WANG, Si MI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320888914521477737, articleId=1320888901158425160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=金花葵总黄酮的提取、成分分析及体内降尿酸活性, columnId=1261343845481066826, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=工艺技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本项目以制备金花葵花朵总黄酮,明确单一黄酮化合物组成,挖掘其功效作用为目的,通过单因素与响应面手段优化了超声-微波协同辅助提取总黄酮的实验条件,借助靶向代谢组学手段分析了金花葵提取物中黄酮化合物组成,并在动物水平上验证了金花葵总黄酮的降尿酸活性。金花葵花朵黄酮组分的最佳提取条件为:液料比25:1 mL/g,超声功率250 W,微波功率190 W,提取时间35 min,以最优条件实验提取得到金花葵总黄酮的含量为19.73±0.11 mg/g。靶向代谢组学分析发现,金花葵提取物中较为主要的黄酮类化合物分别为杨梅素、苯丙氨酸、芦丁、槲皮素3-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素等。与高尿酸模型组(124.95±26.22 μmol/L)小鼠相比,低、高剂量金花葵总黄酮干预均能显著降低小鼠血清中尿酸含量,分别为52.62±2.76 μmol/L和 43.80±9.94 μmol/L。金花葵总黄酮可通过减轻小鼠肾脏、肝脏组织损伤,降低血清中白细胞介素-1β、白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子、肌酐和尿素氮含量,肾脏中丙二醛含量以及肝脏中黄嘌呤氧化酶活性,同时增强肾脏中超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性来发挥降尿酸功效作用。研究结果有望为金花葵资源的高值化开发利用及新型降尿酸天然植物产品的创制提供理论指导与数据支撑。

, authors=杨佳佳1, 武燕霞1, 王蓉蓉1, 于文龙1, 王向红1, *, 刘金墨2, 米思1, *, authorsList=杨佳佳, 武燕霞, 王蓉蓉, 于文龙, 王向红, 刘金墨, 米思, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王向红, 米思, authorNote=

杨佳佳(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品品质分析与营养健康,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
王向红(1973−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品安全与品质分析,E-mail:。
米思(1987−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品品质分析与营养健康,E-mail:。
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Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320888915108680298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320888915121263211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, companyId=1320888915108680298, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320888915133846124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, companyId=1320888915108680298, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1河北农业大学食品科技学院,河北保定 071000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320888915435836013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320888915448418926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, companyId=1320888915435836013, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Dingxinyuan Chinese Medicine (Huizhou) Co., Ltd., Huizhou 516003, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320888915461001839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, companyId=1320888915435836013, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2定心元中医药(惠州)有限公司,广东惠州 516003)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320888922234802845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Impact of liquid-material ratio on the level of total flavonoid in the crude extract, figureFileSmall=KbQX1TQ61+G43IWaRFMWHw==, figureFileBig=TeF0hOusSyJdyciuwx2jpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888922327077534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=CN, label=图1, caption=液料比对提取物中总黄酮组分水平的影响

注:图中小写字母相同表示无显著差异,不同表示存在显著差异(P<0.05),图2~图4同。

, figureFileSmall=KbQX1TQ61+G43IWaRFMWHw==, figureFileBig=TeF0hOusSyJdyciuwx2jpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888922700370591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Impact of ultrasound power on the level of total flavonoid in the crude extract, figureFileSmall=lCpW2DrXTRw0KuC5XzXJPw==, figureFileBig=qIGEauI1YVHYfS/3RKrkPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888922784256672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=CN, label=图2, caption=超声功率对提取物中总黄酮组分水平的影响, figureFileSmall=lCpW2DrXTRw0KuC5XzXJPw==, figureFileBig=qIGEauI1YVHYfS/3RKrkPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888922863948449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Impact of microwave power on the level of total flavonoid in the crude extract, figureFileSmall=L6wN9pPPHh3XQGsjtbq6Rw==, figureFileBig=mpOTw44WgVU8W6du5qeDAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888922943640226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=CN, label=图3, caption=微波功率对提取物中总黄酮组分水平的影响, figureFileSmall=L6wN9pPPHh3XQGsjtbq6Rw==, figureFileBig=mpOTw44WgVU8W6du5qeDAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888923040109219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Impact of extraction time on the level of total flavonoid in the crude extract, figureFileSmall=OCz9f2QF6ucwqa2jsp4+qw==, figureFileBig=q9881JNbwhn6RHPTy/17LA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888923098829476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=CN, label=图4, caption=提取时间对提取物中总黄酮组分水平的影响, figureFileSmall=OCz9f2QF6ucwqa2jsp4+qw==, figureFileBig=q9881JNbwhn6RHPTy/17LA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888923157549733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Response surface stereograms and contour plots, figureFileSmall=fCDYJ8OqlMM2y8tBKYIO8A==, figureFileBig=j0k9H3INiGE12nMB9nbuug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888923312738982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=CN, label=图5, caption=响应面立体图和等高线图, figureFileSmall=fCDYJ8OqlMM2y8tBKYIO8A==, figureFileBig=j0k9H3INiGE12nMB9nbuug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888923379847847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of different treatments on the hematoxylin-Eosin staining of kidney tissues of mice, figureFileSmall=2TkPWZ4HflMlnXhBfpaxdw==, figureFileBig=ndH+xanqaCwzNyfM8v2u1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888923455345320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同处理对小鼠肾脏组织苏木精-伊红染色的影响

注:A正常对照(CK)组,B模型(HUA)组,C别嘌醇(ALLO)组,D总黄酮低剂量(L-level)组,E总黄酮高剂量(H-level)组。

, figureFileSmall=2TkPWZ4HflMlnXhBfpaxdw==, figureFileBig=ndH+xanqaCwzNyfM8v2u1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888923522454185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effect of different treatments on the content of uric acid in the serum, figureFileSmall=+BeVZQ3jPsx4F7AuA/PACw==, figureFileBig=I2GbUhhjQIfsYgEgfhws5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888923593757354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同处理对小鼠血清尿酸含量水平的影响

注:*P<0.05、**P<0.01、***P<0.001、****P<0.0001与正常对照组相比;#P<0.05、##P<0.01、###P<0.001、####P<0.0001与模型组相比;图8~图12、图14同。

, figureFileSmall=+BeVZQ3jPsx4F7AuA/PACw==, figureFileBig=I2GbUhhjQIfsYgEgfhws5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888923824444075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effect of different treatments on the content of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α in the serum, figureFileSmall=f2k4Cf9ygvAAfG8MXPgKIw==, figureFileBig=wjrAsQNOfIAMRezI7p8Vag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888923920913068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同处理对小鼠血清IL-1β、白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子含量水平的影响, figureFileSmall=f2k4Cf9ygvAAfG8MXPgKIw==, figureFileBig=wjrAsQNOfIAMRezI7p8Vag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888924013187757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Impact of different treatments on the content of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen in the serum, figureFileSmall=S4Li8zYU8IhEqtgr+uaP6A==, figureFileBig=r2CamwBj9txa4YBN+eBbvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888924155794094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同处理对小鼠血清中肌酐和尿素氮含量水平的影响, figureFileSmall=S4Li8zYU8IhEqtgr+uaP6A==, figureFileBig=r2CamwBj9txa4YBN+eBbvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888924260651695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Impact of different treatments on the content of malondialdehyde in the kidney of mice, figureFileSmall=k6RsDKWMyjYAEFKatgLJlg==, figureFileBig=0WaJ4NiQB4lNXEuwiQ67Yg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888924340343472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同处理对小鼠肾脏丙二醛含量水平的影响, figureFileSmall=k6RsDKWMyjYAEFKatgLJlg==, figureFileBig=0WaJ4NiQB4lNXEuwiQ67Yg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888924407452337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Impact of different treatments on the activity of catalase in the kidney of mice, figureFileSmall=PSjG3VnFiasULsfyPG7CnQ==, figureFileBig=mC5nK7tT3WdEgXLm5QYjSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888924495532722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同处理对小鼠肾脏过氧化氢酶活性的影响, figureFileSmall=PSjG3VnFiasULsfyPG7CnQ==, figureFileBig=mC5nK7tT3WdEgXLm5QYjSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888924625556147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Impact of different treatments on the activity of superoxide dismutase in the kidney of mice, figureFileSmall=FJePai/O3E63JNLCAP88Ww==, figureFileBig=FRRKDHPXBcrH4McbF4J9uA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888924709442228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=CN, label=图12, caption=不同处理对小鼠肾脏超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响, figureFileSmall=FJePai/O3E63JNLCAP88Ww==, figureFileBig=FRRKDHPXBcrH4McbF4J9uA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888924780745397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Impact of different treatments on the hematoxylin-Eosin staining of liver tissues of mice, figureFileSmall=eFeta5xTt5/WyVVCnBx2Jg==, figureFileBig=p3yL7aJe+bFqYXJaFynbgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888926424912566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=CN, label=图13, caption=不同处理对小鼠肝脏组织苏木精-伊红染色的影响

注:A正常对照(CK)组,B模型(HUA)组,C别嘌醇(ALLO)组,D总黄酮低剂量(L-level)组,E总黄酮高剂量(H-level)组。

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注:* P<0.05,** P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=anyzPWDDZd19tQgH15xGSw==, figureFileBig=hY9k8FMvf43jnUHioHrD1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888927519625915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Factors and the corresponding levels selected for response surface methodology

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平因素
A液料比
(mL/g)
B超声功率
(W)
C微波功率
(W)
D提取时间
(min)
−115:110010030
020:120020035
125:130030040
), ArticleFig(id=1320888927590929084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

响应面试验因素与对应水平值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平因素
A液料比
(mL/g)
B超声功率
(W)
C微波功率
(W)
D提取时间
(min)
−115:110010030
020:120020035
125:130030040
), ArticleFig(id=1320888927662232253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results for response surface methodology

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号ABCD总黄酮含量R1
1011012.46
200−1−112.25
3100116.65
401−1012.09
50−10112.06
6110016.63
70−10−111.22
8−100−114.45
9100−116.96
10101018.19
1100−1112.55
12000014.28
13−1−10013.70
14−110014.50
15−10−1014.70
16−100113.46
17001111.95
181−10016.97
19001−112.10
20010111.34
210−11012.85
22010−112.90
2310−1016.93
24−101013.77
25000014.63
260−1−1012.88
27000013.54
28000013.70
29000013.37
), ArticleFig(id=1320888927729341118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

响应面试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号ABCD总黄酮含量R1
1011012.46
200−1−112.25
3100116.65
401−1012.09
50−10112.06
6110016.63
70−10−111.22
8−100−114.45
9100−116.96
10101018.19
1100−1112.55
12000014.28
13−1−10013.70
14−110014.50
15−10−1014.70
16−100113.46
17001111.95
181−10016.97
19001−112.10
20010111.34
210−11012.85
22010−112.90
2310−1016.93
24−101013.77
25000014.63
260−1−1012.88
27000013.54
28000013.70
29000013.37
), ArticleFig(id=1320888927813227199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

ANOVA data of the established regression model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源方差和自由度均方F值P值显著性
回归模型98797330.5814705700039.29<0.0001**
A26244529.83126240000146.11<0.0001**
B4637.0014637.010.030.8746不显著
C653.681652.690.000.9528不显著
D286919.0612869001.600.2269不显著
AB329728.6113297001.840.1969不显著
AC1196650.03111970006.660.0218*
AD116451.5611165000.650.4342不显著
BC38144.04138144.040.210.6520不显著
BD1438440.42114380008.010.0134*
CD50458.64150458.640.280.6044不显著
A241032964.67141030000228.45<0.0001**
B25248191.581524800029.22<0.0001**
C21673444.30116730009.320.0086**
D28064943.281806500044.90<0.0001**
残差2514624.8514179600
失拟项1384401.90101384000.490.2841不显著
净误差1130222.954282600<0.0001
总和101311955.43287057000<0.0001
精密度22.22
), ArticleFig(id=1320888927926473408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

回归模型方差分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源方差和自由度均方F值P值显著性
回归模型98797330.5814705700039.29<0.0001**
A26244529.83126240000146.11<0.0001**
B4637.0014637.010.030.8746不显著
C653.681652.690.000.9528不显著
D286919.0612869001.600.2269不显著
AB329728.6113297001.840.1969不显著
AC1196650.03111970006.660.0218*
AD116451.5611165000.650.4342不显著
BC38144.04138144.040.210.6520不显著
BD1438440.42114380008.010.0134*
CD50458.64150458.640.280.6044不显著
A241032964.67141030000228.45<0.0001**
B25248191.581524800029.22<0.0001**
C21673444.30116730009.320.0086**
D28064943.281806500044.90<0.0001**
残差2514624.8514179600
失拟项1384401.90101384000.490.2841不显著
净误差1130222.954282600<0.0001
总和101311955.43287057000<0.0001
精密度22.22
), ArticleFig(id=1320888928048108225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Composition of the dominant flavonoid compounds detected in the Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medicus

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化合物质谱信息
(m/z)
保留时间
(min)
含量(ng/g)
1杨梅素319.0/153.06.042576870.51±323.04
2苯丙氨酸166.1/103.11.722646237.87±545.41
3芦丁611.0/303.04.189040664.51±126.77
4槲皮素3-葡萄糖苷465.0/303.04.571722112.95±176.01
5槲皮素303.0/153.07.367512857.14±263.88
6没食子儿茶素305.0/125.01.92736033.48±242.31
7表没食子儿茶素305.0/125.02.53315363.54±56.31
8表儿茶素289.0/203.03.35963171.51±48.16
9木樨草素7-O-葡萄糖苷449.0/287.04.6914554.56±9.49
10二氢山奈酚289.0/153.05.9132196.95±7.75
11儿茶素289.0/245.02.8479180.79±14.77
12对香豆酸165.0/147.04.0208167.22±9.70
13山柰酚287.0/153.08.4098114.65±8.25
14木樨草素287.0/153.07.422176.95±6.50
15黄豆苷/大豆苷417.0/255.03.925148.14±1.70
16异鼠李素317.0/302.08.644544.26±4.85
17柚皮素271.0/151.08.162531.26±5.85
18阿魏酸193.0/134.04.521521.61±3.19
19槲皮苷447.0/301.05.580216.27±4.51
20圣草酚289.0/153.07.128814.68±2.08
), ArticleFig(id=1320888928350098114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888901158425160, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

金花葵主要黄酮化合物组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化合物质谱信息
(m/z)
保留时间
(min)
含量(ng/g)
1杨梅素319.0/153.06.042576870.51±323.04
2苯丙氨酸166.1/103.11.722646237.87±545.41
3芦丁611.0/303.04.189040664.51±126.77
4槲皮素3-葡萄糖苷465.0/303.04.571722112.95±176.01
5槲皮素303.0/153.07.367512857.14±263.88
6没食子儿茶素305.0/125.01.92736033.48±242.31
7表没食子儿茶素305.0/125.02.53315363.54±56.31
8表儿茶素289.0/203.03.35963171.51±48.16
9木樨草素7-O-葡萄糖苷449.0/287.04.6914554.56±9.49
10二氢山奈酚289.0/153.05.9132196.95±7.75
11儿茶素289.0/245.02.8479180.79±14.77
12对香豆酸165.0/147.04.0208167.22±9.70
13山柰酚287.0/153.08.4098114.65±8.25
14木樨草素287.0/153.07.422176.95±6.50
15黄豆苷/大豆苷417.0/255.03.925148.14±1.70
16异鼠李素317.0/302.08.644544.26±4.85
17柚皮素271.0/151.08.162531.26±5.85
18阿魏酸193.0/134.04.521521.61±3.19
19槲皮苷447.0/301.05.580216.27±4.51
20圣草酚289.0/153.07.128814.68±2.08
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金花葵总黄酮的提取、成分分析及体内降尿酸活性
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杨佳佳 1 , 武燕霞 1 , 王蓉蓉 1 , 于文龙 1 , 王向红 1, * , 刘金墨 2 , 米思 1, *
食品工业科技 | 工艺技术 2026,47(7): 228-238
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食品工业科技 |工艺技术 2026 , 47 (7) : 228 -238
金花葵总黄酮的提取、成分分析及体内降尿酸活性
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杨佳佳1 , 武燕霞1, 王蓉蓉1, 于文龙1, 王向红1, * , 刘金墨2, 米思1, *
作者信息
  • 1河北农业大学食品科技学院,河北保定 071000
  • 2定心元中医药(惠州)有限公司,广东惠州 516003
通讯作者:
王向红(1973−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品安全与品质分析,E-mail:。
米思(1987−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品品质分析与营养健康,E-mail:。
作者简介:

杨佳佳(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品品质分析与营养健康,E-mail:

Extraction, Composition and Hypouricemic Activity of Total Flavonoid from Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medicus
Jiajia YANG1 , Yanxia WU1, Rongrong WANG1, Wenlong YU1, Xianghong WANG1, * , Jinmo LIU2, Si MI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
  • 2Dingxinyuan Chinese Medicine (Huizhou) Co., Ltd., Huizhou 516003, China
出版时间: 2026-04-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020251
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本项目以制备金花葵花朵总黄酮,明确单一黄酮化合物组成,挖掘其功效作用为目的,通过单因素与响应面手段优化了超声-微波协同辅助提取总黄酮的实验条件,借助靶向代谢组学手段分析了金花葵提取物中黄酮化合物组成,并在动物水平上验证了金花葵总黄酮的降尿酸活性。金花葵花朵黄酮组分的最佳提取条件为:液料比25:1 mL/g,超声功率250 W,微波功率190 W,提取时间35 min,以最优条件实验提取得到金花葵总黄酮的含量为19.73±0.11 mg/g。靶向代谢组学分析发现,金花葵提取物中较为主要的黄酮类化合物分别为杨梅素、苯丙氨酸、芦丁、槲皮素3-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素等。与高尿酸模型组(124.95±26.22 μmol/L)小鼠相比,低、高剂量金花葵总黄酮干预均能显著降低小鼠血清中尿酸含量,分别为52.62±2.76 μmol/L和 43.80±9.94 μmol/L。金花葵总黄酮可通过减轻小鼠肾脏、肝脏组织损伤,降低血清中白细胞介素-1β、白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子、肌酐和尿素氮含量,肾脏中丙二醛含量以及肝脏中黄嘌呤氧化酶活性,同时增强肾脏中超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性来发挥降尿酸功效作用。研究结果有望为金花葵资源的高值化开发利用及新型降尿酸天然植物产品的创制提供理论指导与数据支撑。

金花葵  /  总黄酮  /  提取  /  组成分析  /  降尿酸活性

This study was aimed to extract the total flavonoids from the flowers of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medicus, clarify the composition of the individual flavonoid compounds as well as its ameliorative effect on hyperuricemia in mice. The dried flower of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medicus was used as raw materials for this study. Both single-factor and response surface approaches were performed to optimize the parameters for the isolation of total flavonoid from Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medicus. The molecular composition of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medicus extract was analyzed using the targeted metabolomics approach. Furthermore, an animal model of hyperuricemia was established to elucidate the hypouricemic activity of total flavonoid. The maximum content of total flavonoid could reach 19.73±0.11 mg/g when the extraction lasting for 35 min under the conditions set at a liquid/material ratio 25:1 mL/g, ultrasonic power 250 W and microwave power 190 W. The targeted metabolomics data revealed that the dominant flavonoid compounds were myricetin, phenylalanine, rutin, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin, etc. Compared to the level of uric acid (124.95±26.22 μmol/L) in the hyperuricemic mice, the administration with low- and high-dose of total flavonoid extract significantly decreased the uric acid levels, being 52.62±2.76 μmol/L and 43.80±9.94 μmol/L, respectively. The findings indicated that total flavonoid extract could exert hypouricemic effects by alleviating kidney and liver damage in mice, lowering levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor, creatinine and urinary nitrogen in the serum, malondialdehyde content in the kidney, and xanthine oxidase activity in the liver, while enhancing the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the kidney. These findings are expected to provide theoretical guidance and data support for the value-added utilization of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medicus and also for the development of novel hypouricemic products.

Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medicus  /  total flavonoids  /  extraction  /  compositional analysis  /  hypouricemic activity
杨佳佳, 武燕霞, 王蓉蓉, 于文龙, 王向红, 刘金墨, 米思. 金花葵总黄酮的提取、成分分析及体内降尿酸活性. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (7) : 228 -238 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020251
Jiajia YANG, Yanxia WU, Rongrong WANG, Wenlong YU, Xianghong WANG, Jinmo LIU, Si MI. Extraction, Composition and Hypouricemic Activity of Total Flavonoid from Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medicus[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (7) : 228 -238 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020251
金花葵(Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medicus)为锦葵科(Malvaceae)秋葵属(Abelmoschus Medicus)一年生草本植物[1−3],种植区域主要分布在河北、河南等省份[4−5]。因富含氨基酸、矿物质、脂肪酸、核苷类化合物等,金花葵的应用开发逐渐受到关注[6]。此外,金花葵花、茎、叶等组织中均含有较高水平的黄酮,花中含量最高[6]。黄酮是一类已被证实具有多种健康功能益处的化合物,例如抗氧化、抗衰老、提高免疫力等,作为原料在食品、药品、化妆品等领域有着广泛的应用[7]。
近年来,黄酮化合物的降尿酸功能活性受到国内外学者的研究重视。高尿酸血症(Hyperuricemia,HUA)由体内嘌呤代谢异常所引发,表现为血液中尿酸含量升高[8]。正常嘌呤饮食状态下,单日两测血清尿酸含量均超出404.6 μmol/L,即被认定为高尿酸血症。据统计,我国约有1.77亿高尿酸血症患者,与高血压、高血脂、高血糖并称为人体健康的“四大杀手”[9]。如何采用健康有效的方式缓解高尿酸血症已成为学术领域关注的热点问题。目前已报道的具有降尿酸活性的功能成分大多为黄酮类化合物,例如牡丹花总黄酮、藤茶总黄酮等,通过占据黄嘌呤氧化酶的Mo-pt活性位点并与其周围的氨基酸残基相互作用,抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶的催化效能进而降低血液中的尿酸水平[10−12]。也有报道指出,地锦草总黄酮能够通过调整与代谢和炎症相关的通路减轻高尿酸血症对肾脏的损伤,并恢复其正常功能[11]。以上发现提示,金花葵总黄酮可能同样具有降低血清尿酸含量的潜力,但具体的功效作用及途径仍需进一步研究证实。
如何安全高效地制备金花葵总黄酮是本研究需解决的第一个问题。前期已有报道的植物总黄酮提取方法包括生物酶法、索氏提取法、微波法、超声法等[13]。这些方法均存在一些缺点,例如成本高、耗时长、溶剂残留、效率低等。为克服以上不足,近年来逐渐涌现出一些新型物理场协同辅助技术,超声-微波协同提取是其中一种。该技术融合超声波产生的空穴效应和微波释放的热量,破坏植物细胞壁的同时,迅速溶解细胞内活性物质,从而达到快速高效的提取目的[14]。李湘利等[15]利用超声波与微波协同提取鸡枞菌多糖,提取率为6.413%,较传统常规水提法提高了35.5%;杨元萍等[16]采用超声-微波协同提取法提取橄榄中的苦苷,提取含量为68.91±0.64 mg/g;巫永华等[17]采用纤维素酶辅助超声微波协同提取桑黄黄酮,桑黄黄酮得率为4.55%±0.23%。综上所述,本研究拟借助超声-微波协同辅助技术,优化金花葵总黄酮的提取工艺;采用靶向代谢组学技术,明确金花葵总黄酮的化合物分子组成;构建高尿酸血症小鼠模型,确证金花葵总黄酮的降尿酸活性并揭示其可能涉及的分子机制。研究结果有望为金花葵资源的高值化开发利用以及新型降尿酸功能活性成分的挖掘提供数据支持。
金花葵花朵样品 亳州市吉盛药业有限公司;无水乙醇、甲醇 ≥99%,天津市汇杭化工科技有限公司;福林酚 ≥ 99%,上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;芦丁标准品 ≥ 99%,上海迈瑞尔生化科技股份有限公司;正常雄性6周龄C57BL/6小鼠 SPF级别,No. 2022126,体重20±2 g,北京斯贝福生物技术有限公司。
XO-SM100型超声-微波协同反应工作站 南京先欧仪器制造有限公司;CHIGO多功能粉碎机 宁波赵记电器有限公司;QTSX6150型超声波清洗器 天津市瑞普电子仪器公司;TGL-16G型离心机 上海安亭科学仪器厂;1500-28酶标仪 赛默飞世尔科技有限公司;GL-10000C型冷冻离心机 上海安亭科学仪器厂。
将金花葵花朵样品使用多功能粉碎机粉碎,过60目筛备用。参考王欣等[18]的提取方法并加以修改,称取1.00 g金花葵干燥粉末,加入60%体积分数的乙醇溶液混合均匀,进行超声波-微波协同辅助提取。设置不同液料比(mL/g)、超声波功率(W)、微波功率(W)、提取时间(min),8000 g/min离心15 min后,取上清液测定总黄酮含量。根据总黄酮含量选取最优条件的样品溶液,旋蒸浓缩,随后冻干(−80 ℃真空冷冻3 d)得到金花葵总黄酮固体粉末。
参考贾娟等[19]的方法条件,选取60%乙醇作为溶剂,以金花葵花朵提取物中总黄酮含量为依据,优化工艺参数。
设置超声波功率100 W,微波功率100 W,提取时间30 min,液料比参数分别为10:1、15:1、20:1、25:1、30:1(mL/g)。
设置微波功率100 W,液料比20:1(mL/g),提取时间30 min,超声功率参数分别为0、100、200、300、400 W。
设置超声波功率100 W,液料比20:1(mL/g),提取时间30 min,微波功率参数分别为0、100、200、300、400 W。
设置超声波功率100 W,微波功率100 W,液料比20:1(mL/g),提取时间参数分别为20、25、30、35、40 min。
根据单因素实验结果,综合考虑仪器的实际情况,开展四因素三水平响应面试验,表1为响应面试验因素与对应水平,以金花葵花朵提取物中总黄酮含量为指标,确定金花葵总黄酮最优提取条件。
参考Maestre-hermandez等[20]的方法建立芦丁标准曲线。1.0 mL不同质量浓度的芦丁标准溶液,分别与0.20 mL 5%亚硝酸钠溶液混合。将混合溶液避光静置6 min,然后加入0.3 mL 10%硝酸铝溶液。再次避光静置6 min后,加入4.0 mL 4%氢氧化钠溶液,最后用60%乙醇溶液定容至10 mL,避光静置15 min。在510 nm处测定混合溶液的吸光度,所有标准溶液重复测试3次取算术平均值,绘制芦丁溶液吸光度(y)-质量浓度(x)标准曲线,标准曲线方程为y=0.000624x+0.05165,R2=0.998。
测定金花葵黄酮样品溶液的吸光度,实验步骤同芦丁测定方法相同,依据吸光度(y)-质量浓度(x)标准曲线的回归方程和稀释倍数计算得到金花葵总黄酮质量浓度(以芦丁计),并按照公式计算金花葵总黄酮含量(mg/g)[21]。
$\rm \text{X}=\frac{{\text{m}}_{1}\times {\mathrm{V}}_{2}}{\text{m}\times {{V}}_{\text{1}}}\times {10}^{3} $
式中:X表示样品中总黄酮的量,mg/g;m1表示标准曲线中计算出待测液中黄酮的量,μg;m表示样品质量,g;V1表示样品提取液测定用体积,mL;V2表示样品定容体积,mL。
按照Benton等[22]建立的方法,借助超高效液相色谱-串联飞行时间质谱联用仪(UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS)对提取物进行靶向代谢物组成分析。代谢物提取方法如下:将金花葵花朵样品用预冷的70%甲醇(同位素内标)/乙腈/水(2:2:1,v/v)混合溶液均匀混合,涡旋5 min,低温超声30 min,再于−20 ℃静置10 min。得到的样品溶液在16000×g和4 ℃下离心15 min。收集上清液,进行真空干燥,得到的样品重新溶解于100 μL乙腈和水(1:1,v/v)混合溶液中。Agilent 1290 Infinity UPLC色谱仪条件设置如下:将2 μL提取物溶液注入ACQUITY UPLC HS T3色谱柱(Waters,100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm粒径),0.5 mL/min流动相分离。流动相组成为(A)含25 mmol/L乙酸铵和氢氧化铵的水,(B)纯乙腈。流动相的梯度程序如下:0~0.5 min,95%B;0.5~7 min,线性下降至65%B;7~8 min,线性下降至40%B,8~9 min,40%B;9 min,回到95%B,保持3 min。LC洗脱液进入6500+QTRAP质谱仪(SCIEX)系统在正/负离子模式下进行分析。通过与数据库中代谢物的保留时间、分子质量(分子质量误差在<10 mg/L内)、二级碎裂谱图、碰撞能等信息进行匹配,对生物样本中的代谢物进行结构鉴定。采用同位素内标法对识别出的黄酮化合物进行定量分析,利用待测物与内标的响应丰度比值(峰面积比)以及内标物的浓度,计算待测黄酮化合物的绝对含量。
本文所涉及的动物实验操作已获得动物伦理委员会批准(批准号:2023197)。参考前人[23−26]的实验方法并加以修改。正常雄性6周龄C57BL/6小鼠,饲养于通风良好,室温22±2 ℃,12 h/12 h的光照和黑暗交替的条件下,不限制食物和水的摄入。适应饲养环境1周后,随机选取10只小鼠作为空白对照(CK),其他小鼠灌胃氧嗪酸钾200 mg/kg+腺嘌呤50 mg/kg作为实验组。一周后,将小鼠分为高尿酸模型组(HUA组)、别嘌呤醇阳性对照组(ALLO,20 mg/kg)、黄酮低剂量组(L,黄酮提取物固体配制的浓度:500 mg/kg)、高黄酮高剂量组(H,黄酮提取物固体配制的浓度:1000 mg/kg),干预三周。CK组与HUA组小鼠分别灌胃0.2 mL/10 g·bw的1%羧甲基纤维素钠混悬液。
干预实验完成后,各组小鼠均进行禁食不禁水处理12 h,收集血液及组织器官样本。从眼部采集全血,3000×g,10 min离心以获得血清。从颈椎脱位致死的小鼠身上采集组织器官,在预先冷却的生理盐水(0.9%)中清洗干净,滤纸吸干表面水分后,称量各组织器官重量。取小鼠肝脏和肾脏组织各一份,固定于10%中性福尔马林溶液中。其余组织器官迅速保存至−80 ℃冰箱中备用[27]。
将小鼠肾脏和肝脏进行脱水、包埋、制片、切片处理,经苏木精-伊红(HE)染色处理后,在光学显微镜下系统观察并描述,图像标尺为100 μm。
将−80 ℃保存的小鼠血清样品置于冰上缓慢融化,按照试剂盒说明测定尿酸、白细胞介素-1β(Interleukins-1β,IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(Interleukins-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(Tumor necrosis factor,TNF-α)、肌酐和尿素氮含量。
将−80 ℃保存的小鼠肾脏组织置于冰上缓慢融化,按照试剂盒说明测定丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量及过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性。
将−80 ℃保存的小鼠肝脏组织置于冰上缓慢融化,按照试剂盒说明测定黄嘌呤氧化酶(Xanthine oxidase,XOD)活性。
采用Excel v2016软件对原始数据进行汇总整理,结果以平均值±标准方差表示。借助Design-Expert v13.0软件开展响应面试验设计和结果分析;SPSS v22.0软件进行显著性分析,P<0.05认定为具有统计学上的显著性差异。文章中部分结果图片采用Graphpad Prism9软件制作完成。
以60%乙醇为提取溶剂,不同液料比(10:1、15:1、20:1、25:1、30:1 mL/g)对金花葵提取物总黄酮含量的影响如图1所示。在10:1~25:1 mL/g液料比范围内,提取物中总黄酮含量随液料比的增大而直线升高,最大值为13.66±0.07 mg/g。当液料比超过25:1 mL/g后,提取物中总黄酮含量呈现下降趋势。随着溶剂与原料的比值增大,有效成分与溶剂的接触面积增大,溶解、扩散、渗透的速度加快,有利于提高提取效率;继续增大溶剂比例,稀释有效成分的同时,促使组织细胞中其他成分溶出,因此总黄酮提取量降低[28]。统计分析结果表明,液料比为20:1 mL/g时的总黄酮含量与其他条件存在显著性差异(P<0.05),因此结合本文及文献方法初步确定20:1 mL/g为最佳液料比条件。
不同超声功率(0、100、200、300、400 W)对金花葵提取物总黄酮含量的影响如图2所示。超声功率在0~200 W范围内,金花葵提取物中总黄酮含量呈现先上升后平稳的趋势。在200 W处达到最大值,为12.62±0.01 mg/g。随着功率进一步升高,总黄酮含量呈缓慢下降趋势。这可能是由于功率增大引起杂质提取物增多而导致的[29]。200 W功率处的总黄酮含量与0、300、400 W功率条件下的含量存在显著差异(P<0.05),故初步确定200 W为最佳超声功率条件。
不同微波功率(0、100、200、300、400 W)对金花葵提取物总黄酮含量的影响如图3所示。0~400 W范围内,金花葵提取物中总黄酮的水平呈先增加后降低的变化趋势。当微波功率为200 W时,黄酮含量达到最大值,为12.55±0.12 mg/g。微波的高能作用可破坏金花葵组织细胞膜,导致黄酮类化合物溶出,但如果微波功率过高,产生强大的热量可分解黄酮组分,故导致提取物中总黄酮含量下降[30]。显著性分析结果显示,微波功率200 W处提取物中总黄酮含量水平显著高于(P<0.05)其他参数条件,因此初步确定200 W为最佳微波功率。
图4显示了金花葵提取物中总黄酮含量水平随提取时间的变化趋势。提取时间在35 min以内时,提取物中总黄酮含量与提取时间呈现正相关性,35 min时达到最大值12.91±0.03 mg/g,并显著(P<0.05)高于其他提取时间下的数值。在提取时间较短的情况下,黄酮含量可能会因为提取不充分而数值较低。随着提取时间的延长,微波和超声作用时间也相对增加,进而导致黄酮成分被分解破坏,出现含量降低的趋势[31]。因此,初步确定35 min为最佳提取时间。
四因素三水平响应面试验分析结果见表2。
根据响应面分析结果,确定各提取条件和总黄酮含量之间的回归模型为:R1=−13701.26−4071.26A+87.69B+4.27C+3239.52D−0.57AB+1.09AC+6.83AD+0.01BC−1.20BD−0.22CD+100.61A2−0.09B2−0.05C2−44.60D2。
以模型中一次项系数为依据,确定不同参数条件对金花葵花朵黄酮提取效果的重要性,为A>D>B>C,即液料比>提取时间>超声功率>微波功率。
二次回归方程数学模型方差分析结果见表3。具有显著性差异的指标参数分别为整体模型(P<0.01),一次项A(P<0.01),AC、BD交互作用(P<0.05),二次项A2、D2、B2、C2(P<0.01)。同时,失拟项不显著(P>0.05),调整后的R2adj(0.9504)与预测拟合度R2pre(0.9039)二者之间差值小于0.2,精密度>4,以上结果均表明建立的模型可用于金花葵总黄酮含量响应值的预测[32]。
方差分析结果显示,液料比与微波功率、超声功率与提取时间交互作用能够显著影响金花葵花朵提取物中总黄酮含量。为更清晰地阐明各因素之间的交互作用,借助Deign Expert 13.0软件拟合出该模型的响应面立体图。
根据图5,超声功率与提取时间的交互作用呈现椭圆形状,颜色有明显不同,在图形的中心区域能得到一个理论最大值。说明在分析的因素水平范围中存在极值[33−35]。
因此,根据响应面实验结果预测金花葵花朵中总黄酮的提取工艺条件为:液料比25:1 mL/g,超声波功率251.83 W,微波功率187.31 W,提取时间35.07 min,此时金花葵提取物中总黄酮含量可达最大值,为18.05 mg/g。综合考虑到仪器操作可行性,最优提取工艺条件设定为液料比25:1 mL/g,超声波功率250 W,微波功率190 W,提取时间35 min。以最优工艺进行金花葵总黄酮提取,金花葵总黄酮含量为19.73±0.11 mg/g,与模型预测得到的值(18.05 mg/g)相近,证明模型可靠。
借助靶向黄酮分析手段,针对金花葵花朵提取物中的38种黄酮化合物进行了定量分析。表4总结了20种主要黄酮类化合物的结构及含量信息。其中含量最为丰富的五种黄酮类化合物分别为杨梅素(76870.51 ng/g)、苯丙氨酸(46237.87 ng/g)、芦丁(40664.51 ng/g)、槲皮素3-葡萄糖苷(22112.95 ng/g)和槲皮素(12857.14 ng/g)。苯丙氨酸作为人体必需氨基酸,广泛存在于植物体内。虽不属于黄酮化合物家族,但作为前体物质参与黄酮化合物的代谢合成,具有举足轻重的地位和作用。其余均为植物体内常见的黄酮化合物种类,并被证实具有多种功能活性,例如抗氧化、抗衰老、抗癌等。黄酮化合物的定量分析结果提示,金花葵提取物具有重要的应用开发价值。
动物体内代谢生成的尿酸主要通过肾脏排出,当尿酸排泄受损会导致肾脏损伤,高尿酸血症会引发肾小球萎缩、肾间质纤维化等并发症[36]。由图6可知,与正常对照组相比,模型组小鼠肾脏组织皮质中微量肾小球体积小,出现少量肾小管上皮点状坏死(红色箭头),细胞肿胀,胞质疏松淡染,存在较多肾小管扩张(棕色箭头),肾小管上皮细胞扁平,管腔内可见坏死细胞碎片及脱落的上皮细胞,并少见肾小管萎缩(灰色箭头),体积减小,可见轻微结缔组织增生(绿色箭头)。经药物干预处理后,肾小球和肾小管损伤均有改善,但仍然存在不同程度的细胞水肿(黑色箭头)。
如图7所示,模型(HUA)组小鼠血清中尿酸含量最高,为124.95±26.22 μmol/L,显著(P<0.01)高于CK组(45.67±8.65 μmol/L),表明高尿酸血症小鼠模型构建成功。经不同水平金花葵总黄酮干预处理后,小鼠血清尿酸含量均显著(P<0.01)降低,总黄酮高剂量(H)组效果最为明显,初步表明金花葵总黄酮具有降尿酸功能活性。已有研究表明,桑黄总黄酮、藤茶总黄酮、牡丹花总黄酮及玉米须总黄酮等中药活性成分可通过调节黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)的活性,进而有效调控尿酸生成过程[37−38]。
前期已有研究指出,体内炎症会直接影响高尿酸血症的发生[32]。本实验选取IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-ɑ三个特征细胞炎症因子评估小鼠体内的炎症水平,结果如图8所示。模型(HUA)组小鼠血清中炎症因子的含量水平均显著(P<0.0001)高于正常对照(CK)组小鼠。当分别灌胃低、高剂量的金花葵总黄酮提取物后,小鼠血清中IL-1β(图8A)、IL-6(图8B)和TNF-ɑ(图8C)的含量水平均呈现显著下降趋势(P<0.001),并且高剂量组黄酮效果优于低剂量组黄酮。以上数据表明,黄酮具有抗炎的功效,金花葵总黄酮可能通过缓解体内炎症来发挥降尿酸功能活性,这与前期部分报道结论一致[39]。
肌酐和尿素氮是肾功能标志物,可以反映肾损伤情况[40]。由图9A和图9B可知,模型(HUA)组小鼠血清中的肌酐(89.08±15.76 μmol/L)和尿素氮(25.43±1.18 mmol/L)含量显著(P<0.0001)高于正常对照(CK)组,表明肾功能受到损伤,与HE染色结果一致。干预后,低剂量总黄酮组小鼠血清肌酐(36.25±8.17 μmol/L)和尿素氮(11.61±0.56 mmol/L)含量、高剂量总黄酮组小鼠血清肌酐(25.46±1.82 μmol/L)和尿素氮(10.47±0.23 mmol/L)含量均呈现显著(P<0.001)下降趋势,表明金花葵总黄酮可有效改善由于高尿酸所导致的小鼠肾脏功能损伤。体内高浓度尿酸可诱导内皮细胞损伤并触发炎症反应,进一步刺激肾小管上皮细胞,促进IL-1β、TNF-α等促炎因子的表达,同时激活炎性小体信号通路,进一步加重肾脏损伤与尿酸的增加,最终表现为血清肌酐(Scr)和尿素氮(BUN)水平升高[41]。本研究结果显示,各治疗组药物均能显著抑制高尿酸血症引起的血清IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平升高,并使Scr和BUN水平趋于恢复正常,表明金花葵黄酮对尿酸诱导的肾脏损伤具有明显的保护作用。已有结果表明总黄酮可以改善高尿酸所导致的小鼠肾脏功能损伤[42]。
尿酸在肾脏中的过度积累会导致氧化应激,这已成为诱发慢性肾病的潜在风险因素。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)是评价肾脏氧化应激及损伤程度的重要标志物[43−44]。与正常对照(CK)组相比,模型(HUA)组小鼠肾脏组织中的丙二醛含量显著(P<0.0001)升高(图10),表明肾脏组织受到严重损伤[45]。金花葵总黄酮低(1.30±0.28 nmol/mg prot)、高(1.70±0.12 nmol/mg prot)剂量处理不同程度地降低了小鼠肾脏组织中丙二醛的含量,表明减轻了肾脏损伤,与前述HE染色结果及血清肌酐、尿素氮含量测定结果一致。
针对CAT和SOD活性而言,图11和图12所示,模型(HUA)组小鼠肾脏组织中两种酶活性均显著(P<0.01)低于正常对照(CK)组,表明氧化应激反应增强。金花葵总黄酮灌胃处理可以提升小鼠肾脏组织中两种酶活,降低氧化应激[43]。但是总黄酮处理对CAT酶活性的影响,与模型(HUA)组相比,不存在显著性差异(P>0.05),见图11。以上发现提示,金花葵总黄酮发挥降尿酸活性的功能机制可能与其抗氧化活性等相关。
肝脏是生成尿酸的重要器官,其组织结构的完整性对于体内尿酸代谢具有重要影响[45]。不同处理组小鼠肝脏组织苏木精-伊红染色显微观察结果如图13所示。与CK组相比,模型(HUA)组小鼠出现较多肝细胞轻度水肿(黄色箭头),胞质疏松淡染,肝脏组织出现损伤。经药物干预后,各组小鼠的肝细胞水肿现象得到缓解,但细胞质仍可见体积微小的圆形空泡(黑色箭头)。
黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)是一种直接催化黄嘌呤代谢生成尿酸的酶,其活性与体内尿酸含量水平密切相关[46]。不同处理对小鼠肝脏组织中XOD酶活的影响如图14所示。与CK组相比,模型组小鼠XOD活性(38.82±2.64 U/g prot)显著(P<0.0001)升高。金花葵总黄酮灌胃干预后,低剂量组(29.56±1.55 U/g prot)和高剂量组(28.35±1.66 U/g prot)酶活均显著(P<0.001)降低,提示金花葵总黄酮可以通过抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶活性来降低血清尿酸水平。
Pearson相关分析可以简洁直观地反映两个变量间的线性关系,对尿酸含量和肌酐、尿素氮、1L-1β、1L-6、TNF-α、XOD、CAT、MDA和SOD指标之间进行相关性分析。结果如图15所示,血清中尿酸含量和炎症因子(IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α)含量呈现显著的正相关性(P<0.01,r=0.71、0.69、0.70),由于血清尿酸升高后会引发机体和组织发生氧化应激反应并激活炎症通路导致炎症因子含量升高;血清中尿酸含量和MDA的含量呈显著的正相关(P<0.01,r=0.89),血清中尿酸含量和SOD和CAT的活性呈显著的负相关(P<0.01,r=−0.68、−0.65);血清中尿酸含量和肌酐、尿素氮的含量呈现显著的正相关性(P<0.01,r=0.85、0.88),炎性小体信号通路激活,进一步加重肾脏损伤与尿酸的增加,最终表现为血清肌酐和尿素氮水平升高[47]。
本文结合单因素实验及响应面方法,优化得到了超声-微波协同辅助提取金花葵总黄酮的工艺条件:液料比25:1 mL/g,超声功率250 W,微波功率190 W,提取时间35 min。进一步借助靶向代谢组学分析,发现金花葵提取物中含量较为丰富的黄酮化合物分别为杨梅素、苯丙氨酸、芦丁、槲皮素3-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素等。本项目首次综合全面确证了金花葵花朵资源中的黄酮化合物组成,可为后续资源的开发利用提供信息参考。此外,本研究通过动物实验证实了金花葵总黄酮具有良好的降尿酸活性,并存在明显的量效关系,可同时作用于肝脏和肾脏两个器官来调节体内尿酸的生成和排泄。金花葵总黄酮主要通过抗炎和抗氧化两种途径来修复由高尿酸血症所导致的肝脏和肾脏组织及功能损伤。本研究的发现提示,天然植物提取物的不同功能活性并非相互独立的存在,而是彼此相互依存、交叉互作,从而发挥更加复杂、更加强大的功效作用。尽管前期国内外文献已有关于金花葵黄酮功效作用的报道,但尚未涉及其降尿酸功能活性。本研究结果为金花葵资源的高值化开发利用及新型降尿酸产品的开发提供了理论和数据支持。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020251
  • 接收时间:2025-03-03
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-04-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-03
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    1河北农业大学食品科技学院,河北保定 071000
    2定心元中医药(惠州)有限公司,广东惠州 516003

通讯作者:

王向红(1973−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品安全与品质分析,E-mail:。
米思(1987−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品品质分析与营养健康,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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