Article(id=1320888768945574434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883923090002610, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050217, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747843200000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854023442, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1774972800000, pubDateStr=2026-04-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854023442, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854023442, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854023442, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883923090002610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='510', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774972800000', pubDateStr='2026-04-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852868101, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852868101, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=22, endPage=30, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320888769604080163, articleId=1320888768945574434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of Different Marination Conditions on the Eating Quality of Cantonese-style Braised Squab, columnId=1261336279195726298, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Papers Invited by Guest Editors, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Using Shiqi squab, a renowned local specialty from Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, as the raw material, the effects of different marination conditions (the tumbling/static marination periods were set at 0/60, 15/45, 30/30, 45/15, and 60/0 min, in that order) on marinating characteristics, cooking loss of squabs, and quality (moisture content and distribution, color, fiber characteristics, texture profile and shear force value, aroma and sensory scores) of cantonese-style braised squab were investigated. The results showed that with tumbling time prolonging and static marination time shortening, both marination absorption and NaCl content of squab meat increased significantly (P<0.05); cooking loss of squabs decreased first and then increased, whereas the water content increased first and then decreased; the proportions of bound water, immobilized water and free water in braised squab showed different changing trends, but all of them reached extreme values at tumbling/static marination time of 30/30 mins (G30+J30); diameter of squab muscle fibers decreased significantly (P<0.05), while the density of muscle fibers reached the maximum in G30+J30 sample and then the deformation of muscle fibers increased and arrangement tended to be loose; hardness, elasticity, chewiness and shear force value of braised squab meat decreased significantly (P<0.05); electronic nose analysis result exhibited that the difference in overall odor profiles of different treatment samples was not significant (P>0.05). Quality of cantonese-style braised squab was improved significantly by marination condition optimization, with the G30+J30 treatment achieving the highest sensory scores and best overall quality.

, authors=Jiayu LAN1, Liyan ZHANG1, *, Biansheng LI1, Qian ZHOU2, Zhidong CAI2, authorsList=Jiayu LAN, Liyan ZHANG, Biansheng LI, Qian ZHOU, Zhidong CAI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Liyan ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320888772921774650, articleId=1320888768945574434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=不同腌制条件对广式红烧乳鸽食用品质的影响, columnId=1261336280563069408, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=特邀主编专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

以广东省中山市的地方名优特产——石岐乳鸽为原料,探讨了不同腌制条件(滚揉/静腌时间依次设置为0/60、15/45、30/30、45/15和60/0 min)对乳鸽腌制特性、蒸煮损失及广式红烧乳鸽品质(水分含量及分布、色泽、肌纤维特性、质构及剪切力值、香气和感官评分)的影响。结果表明:随着组合腌制中滚揉时间增加、静腌时间缩短,鸽肉腌制吸收率和NaCl含量显著提高(P<0.05);乳鸽蒸煮损失呈现先降低后升高的趋势;而红烧乳鸽的含水量则先增加而后下降;肉样中结合水、不易流动水及自由水的比例呈现不同的变化趋势,但三者均在滚揉30 min+静腌30 min(G30+J30)条件下达到极值;鸽肉肌纤维直径显著减小(P<0.05),而肌纤维密度在G30+J30样达到最大,随后肌纤维变形加剧且排列趋于松散;鸽肉硬度、弹性、咀嚼性和剪切力均显著下降(P<0.05);电子鼻分析结果显示不同处理样的气味整体轮廓差异不显著(P>0.05)。腌制条件的优化显著改善了广式红烧乳鸽的品质特性,感官评价结果显示G30+J30处理组的各项评分最高,品质最佳。

, authors=兰佳玉1, 张立彦1, *, 李汴生1, 周谦2, 蔡志东2, authorsList=兰佳玉, 张立彦, 李汴生, 周谦, 蔡志东, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张立彦, authorNote=

兰佳玉(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品加工与保藏,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
张立彦(1974−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品加工与保藏,E-mail:。
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兰佳玉(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品加工与保藏,E-mail:

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Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2013, 26(5): 732−742., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320888773131489851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320888773139878460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, companyId=1320888773131489851, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320888773148267069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, companyId=1320888773131489851, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1华南理工大学食品科学与工程学院,广东广州 510641)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320888773227958846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320888773236347455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, companyId=1320888773227958846, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Guangdong Diandude Catering Management Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510600, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320888773244736064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, companyId=1320888773227958846, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2广东点都德餐饮管理有限公司,广东广州 510600)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320888776751174242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Marination absorption rate of squabs under different marination conditions, figureFileSmall=E8IpsJOq1B13sSnoY5BRRA==, figureFileBig=+76gpE2H32ShrTA2rmuz0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888776814088803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同腌制条件下乳鸽的腌制吸收率

注:图中不同小写字母代表各数据间具有显著性差异(P<0.05),图2~图4、图7同。

, figureFileSmall=E8IpsJOq1B13sSnoY5BRRA==, figureFileBig=+76gpE2H32ShrTA2rmuz0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888777015415396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=NaCl content of squabs under different marination conditions, figureFileSmall=bM6IR6Qzwg38UbF6b2Z86Q==, figureFileBig=wDeZNVfyfeJ2zLrgvUiDHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888777120272997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同腌制条件下乳鸽的NaCl含量, figureFileSmall=bM6IR6Qzwg38UbF6b2Z86Q==, figureFileBig=wDeZNVfyfeJ2zLrgvUiDHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888777191576166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Cooking loss of squabs under different marination conditions, figureFileSmall=TqVOzmaofCVSYqB1fGNaKg==, figureFileBig=gwu/UV458qM1hQ5DfMECwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888777262879335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同腌制条件下乳鸽的蒸煮损失, figureFileSmall=TqVOzmaofCVSYqB1fGNaKg==, figureFileBig=gwu/UV458qM1hQ5DfMECwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888777346765416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Moisture content of braised squab under different marination conditions, figureFileSmall=3gJ7zQu/dV9UXwfan2SqwA==, figureFileBig=ISWvNKm8BrrcgkuziFufjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888777422262889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同腌制条件下红烧乳鸽的含水量, figureFileSmall=3gJ7zQu/dV9UXwfan2SqwA==, figureFileBig=ISWvNKm8BrrcgkuziFufjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888777501954666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=T2 relaxation spectrum of water in braised squab under different marination conditions, figureFileSmall=9JE3boC6YK8loNtDsYdLWg==, figureFileBig=AHwviadfQECOVGHRO6jp8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888777573257835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同腌制条件下红烧乳鸽水分的弛豫时间T2图谱, figureFileSmall=9JE3boC6YK8loNtDsYdLWg==, figureFileBig=AHwviadfQECOVGHRO6jp8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888777644561004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=T2 peak area of water in braised squab under different marination conditions, figureFileSmall=F5SsQCI27SFhGpuEU1zmPA==, figureFileBig=oYMyv8boYEuunHB2EWBjMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888777711669869, 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label=Fig.8, caption=Muscle fiber slices of braised squab under different marination conditions (40×), figureFileSmall=FjAYTEuz5g+5R3KWxd+NBw==, figureFileBig=/ALkTeaHznKFtqYkNsmY3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888779628466801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同腌制条件下红烧乳鸽的肌纤维切片(40×), figureFileSmall=FjAYTEuz5g+5R3KWxd+NBw==, figureFileBig=/ALkTeaHznKFtqYkNsmY3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888779712352882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Electronic nose radar chart of braised squab under different marination conditions, figureFileSmall=uZ22ebv9iR7HBjdGA4mf2g==, figureFileBig=8JFGNn/+t6CioAXRQbekdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888779796238963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同腌制条件下红烧乳鸽电子鼻雷达图, figureFileSmall=uZ22ebv9iR7HBjdGA4mf2g==, figureFileBig=8JFGNn/+t6CioAXRQbekdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888779875930740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Sensor load analysis chart (a) and electronic nose principal component analysis chart (b) of braised squab under different marination conditions, figureFileSmall=8N7pWOqdv6H2XEeBMayGGA==, figureFileBig=JozlJUGEWgxMrf9MuDlEBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888779955622517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同腌制条件下红烧乳鸽传感器载荷分析图(a)和电子鼻主成分分析图(b), figureFileSmall=8N7pWOqdv6H2XEeBMayGGA==, figureFileBig=JozlJUGEWgxMrf9MuDlEBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888780035314294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Sensory evaluation radar chart of braised squab under different marination conditions, figureFileSmall=65OoVXqePmJ8f4QRyzKD/w==, figureFileBig=HdRyqrc1kp4fybkgrTc99Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888780094034551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同腌制条件下红烧乳鸽感官评分雷达图, figureFileSmall=65OoVXqePmJ8f4QRyzKD/w==, figureFileBig=HdRyqrc1kp4fybkgrTc99Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320888780156949112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Marination conditions setting

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别ControlG0+J60G15+J45G30+J30G45+J15G60+J0
滚揉时间(min)0015304560
静腌时间(min)0604530150
), ArticleFig(id=1320888780228252281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

腌制条件设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别ControlG0+J60G15+J45G30+J30G45+J15G60+J0
滚揉时间(min)0015304560
静腌时间(min)0604530150
), ArticleFig(id=1320888780295361146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Sensory evaluation standard of cantonese-style braised squab

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目评分标准评分(分)
外观
(满分10分)
严重破皮、有鸽痘、有黑斑、表皮有褶皱0~3
无破皮、无鸽痘、有浅色淤血、表皮略有褶皱4~7
无破皮、无鸽痘、无淤血、表皮平整紧致8~10
色泽
(满分10分)
暗淡发黑、表皮无油光0~3
略微发红、表皮略带油光4~7
明亮金黄油润、表皮带有油光8~10

气味
(满分10分)
有异味和腥味、卤制风味和油香味极淡0~3
略带卤制风味,略有油香味4~7
无异味、卤香味和油香味浓郁8~10
滋味
(满分10分)
滋味差,味道淡或咸0~3
滋味较好,味道稍淡或咸4~7
滋味鲜味协调,味道咸淡适中8~10
表皮韧性
(满分10分)
咀嚼性差、韧性过差或过硬0~3
咀嚼性较好、韧性一般4~7
咀嚼性好、韧性适中8~10
组织状态及口感
(满分10分)
肉质松散发柴、汁水较少0~3
肉质较为紧实、汁水较足4~7
肉质紧实嫩滑、汁水充沛8~10
总体可接受性
(满分10分)
不可接受0~3
较能接受4~7
可接受性强8~10
), ArticleFig(id=1320888780375052923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

广式红烧乳鸽感官评分标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目评分标准评分(分)
外观
(满分10分)
严重破皮、有鸽痘、有黑斑、表皮有褶皱0~3
无破皮、无鸽痘、有浅色淤血、表皮略有褶皱4~7
无破皮、无鸽痘、无淤血、表皮平整紧致8~10
色泽
(满分10分)
暗淡发黑、表皮无油光0~3
略微发红、表皮略带油光4~7
明亮金黄油润、表皮带有油光8~10

气味
(满分10分)
有异味和腥味、卤制风味和油香味极淡0~3
略带卤制风味,略有油香味4~7
无异味、卤香味和油香味浓郁8~10
滋味
(满分10分)
滋味差,味道淡或咸0~3
滋味较好,味道稍淡或咸4~7
滋味鲜味协调,味道咸淡适中8~10
表皮韧性
(满分10分)
咀嚼性差、韧性过差或过硬0~3
咀嚼性较好、韧性一般4~7
咀嚼性好、韧性适中8~10
组织状态及口感
(满分10分)
肉质松散发柴、汁水较少0~3
肉质较为紧实、汁水较足4~7
肉质紧实嫩滑、汁水充沛8~10
总体可接受性
(满分10分)
不可接受0~3
较能接受4~7
可接受性强8~10
), ArticleFig(id=1320888780471521916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Muscle fiber diameter and density of braised squab under different marination conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别肌纤维直径(μm)肌纤维密度(根/mm2)
Control14.03±0.39ab4415.84±208.86a
G0+J6014.50±0.27a3751.92±122.55c
G15+J4513.73±0.24bc3937.20±138.96bc
G30+J3013.47±0.24bc4060.72±175.36b
G45+J1513.36±0.56c3288.72±92.64d
G60+J012.73±0.24d2949.04±70.75e
), ArticleFig(id=1320888780542825085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同腌制条件下红烧乳鸽的肌纤维直径和密度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别肌纤维直径(μm)肌纤维密度(根/mm2)
Control14.03±0.39ab4415.84±208.86a
G0+J6014.50±0.27a3751.92±122.55c
G15+J4513.73±0.24bc3937.20±138.96bc
G30+J3013.47±0.24bc4060.72±175.36b
G45+J1513.36±0.56c3288.72±92.64d
G60+J012.73±0.24d2949.04±70.75e
), ArticleFig(id=1320888780609933950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Texture characteristics and shear force value of braised squab under different marination conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别硬度(g)弹性内聚性咀嚼性(g)回复性剪切力(N)
Control2120.30±53.67a0.64±0.01a0.52±0.02a712.80±11.29a0.22±0.01a9.36±0.46a
G0+J601762.07±38.03b0.62±0.01ab0.53±0.01a591.55±20.37b0.23±0.01a8.60±0.09b
G15+J451693.28±39.92b0.60±0.01ab0.54±0.02a553.86±41.97b0.23±0.00a8.30±0.38b
G30+J301536.67±73.38c0.62±0.01ab0.57±0.03a552.41±67.79b0.24±0.01a8.04±0.57b
G45+J151395.64±55.41d0.60±0.01ab0.51±0.04a434.79±59.69c0.23±0.03a7.19±0.24c
G60+J01272.93±69.79e0.59±0.03b0.51±0.06a388.60±79.66c0.22±0.01a6.12±0.38d
), ArticleFig(id=1320888780689625727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320888768945574434, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同腌制条件下红烧乳鸽的质构参数及剪切力值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别硬度(g)弹性内聚性咀嚼性(g)回复性剪切力(N)
Control2120.30±53.67a0.64±0.01a0.52±0.02a712.80±11.29a0.22±0.01a9.36±0.46a
G0+J601762.07±38.03b0.62±0.01ab0.53±0.01a591.55±20.37b0.23±0.01a8.60±0.09b
G15+J451693.28±39.92b0.60±0.01ab0.54±0.02a553.86±41.97b0.23±0.00a8.30±0.38b
G30+J301536.67±73.38c0.62±0.01ab0.57±0.03a552.41±67.79b0.24±0.01a8.04±0.57b
G45+J151395.64±55.41d0.60±0.01ab0.51±0.04a434.79±59.69c0.23±0.03a7.19±0.24c
G60+J01272.93±69.79e0.59±0.03b0.51±0.06a388.60±79.66c0.22±0.01a6.12±0.38d
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不同腌制条件对广式红烧乳鸽食用品质的影响
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兰佳玉 1 , 张立彦 1, * , 李汴生 1 , 周谦 2 , 蔡志东 2
食品工业科技 | 特邀主编专栏 2026,47(7): 22-30
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食品工业科技 |特邀主编专栏 2026 , 47 (7) : 22 -30
不同腌制条件对广式红烧乳鸽食用品质的影响
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兰佳玉1 , 张立彦1, * , 李汴生1, 周谦2, 蔡志东2
作者信息
  • 1华南理工大学食品科学与工程学院,广东广州 510641
  • 2广东点都德餐饮管理有限公司,广东广州 510600
通讯作者:
张立彦(1974−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品加工与保藏,E-mail:。
作者简介:

兰佳玉(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品加工与保藏,E-mail:

Effects of Different Marination Conditions on the Eating Quality of Cantonese-style Braised Squab
Jiayu LAN1 , Liyan ZHANG1, * , Biansheng LI1, Qian ZHOU2, Zhidong CAI2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
  • 2Guangdong Diandude Catering Management Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510600, China
出版时间: 2026-04-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050217
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以广东省中山市的地方名优特产——石岐乳鸽为原料,探讨了不同腌制条件(滚揉/静腌时间依次设置为0/60、15/45、30/30、45/15和60/0 min)对乳鸽腌制特性、蒸煮损失及广式红烧乳鸽品质(水分含量及分布、色泽、肌纤维特性、质构及剪切力值、香气和感官评分)的影响。结果表明:随着组合腌制中滚揉时间增加、静腌时间缩短,鸽肉腌制吸收率和NaCl含量显著提高(P<0.05);乳鸽蒸煮损失呈现先降低后升高的趋势;而红烧乳鸽的含水量则先增加而后下降;肉样中结合水、不易流动水及自由水的比例呈现不同的变化趋势,但三者均在滚揉30 min+静腌30 min(G30+J30)条件下达到极值;鸽肉肌纤维直径显著减小(P<0.05),而肌纤维密度在G30+J30样达到最大,随后肌纤维变形加剧且排列趋于松散;鸽肉硬度、弹性、咀嚼性和剪切力均显著下降(P<0.05);电子鼻分析结果显示不同处理样的气味整体轮廓差异不显著(P>0.05)。腌制条件的优化显著改善了广式红烧乳鸽的品质特性,感官评价结果显示G30+J30处理组的各项评分最高,品质最佳。

广式红烧乳鸽  /  滚揉腌制  /  静置腌制  /  食用品质

Using Shiqi squab, a renowned local specialty from Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, as the raw material, the effects of different marination conditions (the tumbling/static marination periods were set at 0/60, 15/45, 30/30, 45/15, and 60/0 min, in that order) on marinating characteristics, cooking loss of squabs, and quality (moisture content and distribution, color, fiber characteristics, texture profile and shear force value, aroma and sensory scores) of cantonese-style braised squab were investigated. The results showed that with tumbling time prolonging and static marination time shortening, both marination absorption and NaCl content of squab meat increased significantly (P<0.05); cooking loss of squabs decreased first and then increased, whereas the water content increased first and then decreased; the proportions of bound water, immobilized water and free water in braised squab showed different changing trends, but all of them reached extreme values at tumbling/static marination time of 30/30 mins (G30+J30); diameter of squab muscle fibers decreased significantly (P<0.05), while the density of muscle fibers reached the maximum in G30+J30 sample and then the deformation of muscle fibers increased and arrangement tended to be loose; hardness, elasticity, chewiness and shear force value of braised squab meat decreased significantly (P<0.05); electronic nose analysis result exhibited that the difference in overall odor profiles of different treatment samples was not significant (P>0.05). Quality of cantonese-style braised squab was improved significantly by marination condition optimization, with the G30+J30 treatment achieving the highest sensory scores and best overall quality.

cantonese-style braised squab  /  tumbling marination  /  static marination  /  eating quality
兰佳玉, 张立彦, 李汴生, 周谦, 蔡志东. 不同腌制条件对广式红烧乳鸽食用品质的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (7) : 22 -30 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050217
Jiayu LAN, Liyan ZHANG, Biansheng LI, Qian ZHOU, Zhidong CAI. Effects of Different Marination Conditions on the Eating Quality of Cantonese-style Braised Squab[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (7) : 22 -30 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050217
乳鸽一般是指不满一月龄的鸽子[1],其肉质鲜嫩、味道鲜美,具有很高的食用和营养价值。近年来,随着消费者对健康和高端肉类产品需求的持续增长,作为优质肉类的乳鸽受到广泛关注。其中,源自广东省中山市的石岐乳鸽是我国第一肉食鸽,它以胸肉丰满、骨酥肉滑而闻名,是制作广式红烧乳鸽的首选原料[2]。广式红烧乳鸽是广东传统名菜,深受消费者喜爱,但其传统的卤煮入味工艺存在物料衡算困难、工艺参数模糊及产品口感干硬、批次间口味不均匀等问题,且卤料使用量大、物料与能源消耗率高,成本较高,制约了其在现代化加工中的推广与标准化应用。因此亟需开发更高效、可控的入味方式,改善产品品质并适应现代加工需求。
真空滚揉腌制可借助物理冲击,促使原料肉纤维结构被破坏、肌纤维断裂[3−4],从而提高腌制效率,令肉的口感更加嫩滑[5],正逐步取代传统静腌方法。目前的研究和实际应用发现,真空滚揉腌制可显著改善牛肉、鸭肉、猪排骨等肉制品的嫩度及保水性,提升其食用品质[6−8]。尽管滚揉能有效改善肉制品品质,但过度滚揉会加剧肌纤维的损伤,致使肉质变得软绵无弹性[9]。为了在保证充分入味的同时不影响肉质嫩度,滚揉腌制与静置腌制结合的腌制方法值得探讨。目前针对滚揉腌制与静置腌制结合处理在特定产品(如红烧乳鸽)中的应用,尚缺乏系统性的研究,尤其是在对产品外观、质构、保水性和风味等方面的协同作用上,仍存在较多不明确之处。乳鸽肉质细嫩,但整鸽肌肉状态及性质分布非常不均匀,如胸肉肉层较厚且致密,而其他部位肉层薄且较疏松,腌制及卤制时较难均匀入味,成为乳鸽类制品风味控制的难点,目前尚未见有相关研究报道。此外,其脆弱的骨骼结构也是应用滚揉技术时需考虑的重要因素。因此,尽管滚揉技术已广泛应用于肉类加工,但在实际应用中仍需针对不同品种及加工要求的肉类进行条件调整,以更好地适应特定的肉品原料。
通过比较不同滚揉和静腌时间组合对乳鸽腌制吸收率、蒸煮损失以及红烧乳鸽外观、保水性、肌纤维特性、质构特性、气味(电子鼻)以及感官等品质特性的影响,揭示这一组合工艺在提升红烧乳鸽食用品质方面的协同作用和独特优势。与传统单一腌制方法相比,滚揉与静腌适当结合能够有效增进乳鸽产品的嫩度和风味,同时避免过度损伤鸽肉组织,研究结果可以为优化广式红烧乳鸽的加工工艺奠定基础,同时为满足消费者需求及提高肉鸽产品的市场竞争力提供参考。
石岐乳鸽(25日龄,重量350±10 g) 屠宰后12 h内覆冰冷藏运输至实验室;调味料、香辛料、皮水 广州德瑞楼饮食有限公司提供;其余试剂均为分析纯。
KA-6189滚揉腌制机 深圳瑞丰电器有限公司;CE-400色差仪 日本柯尼卡美能达公司;BSA224S精密电子天平 赛多利斯科学仪器(北京)有限公司;CX31RTSF数码显微镜 奥林巴斯中国有限公司;FJ-200S数显高速分散均质机 常州奥华仪器有限公司;DHG9140B电热鼓风干燥箱 上海安亭科学仪器有限公司;TA-XT Plus物性测定仪 英国Stable Micro System公司;PEN3型电子鼻 德国Airsense公司;NMI20-040H-I核磁共振成像分析仪 纽迈分析仪器股份有限公司。
乳鸽经去内脏、气管等杂物后清洗,吸干表面水分。随后按表1所示的条件进行腌制,所有组别的总腌制时间严格控制为60 min。先将乳鸽与腌制液按2:1的比例置于滚揉机中,在真空度约为56 kPa、滚筒转速4 r/min条件下连续滚揉。受设备限制,各组依次滚揉,未轮到的组别在4 ℃环境下等待。滚揉结束后,样品转入4 ℃环境静置腌制,并于静腌时间中点翻动一次以保证渗透均匀。腌制完成后所有样品暂存于4 ℃环境等待后续加工。由于乳鸽除胸肉外其余肉层较薄,较低的转速有助于避免肌纤维以及骨骼过度破坏及腌液渗透过多,但为确保胸肉的入味效果,采用较长的滚揉时间并结合不同的静腌时间。
Control组为未经任何腌制的原料乳鸽,所有样品腌制后均按统一工艺进行后续制备。具体方法为:将处理后的乳鸽样品放入蒸汽锅中蒸制约15 min,直至中心温度达70 ℃以上,随后参照符永财等[10]的方法稍作修改,淋皮水并晾干约10 min,接着在180 ℃油温下油炸2~3 min,制得红烧乳鸽。
称量并记录乳鸽腌制前的重量M1(g)以及腌制后的重量M2(g),腌制吸收率表示为:
$ \text{腌制吸收率}( \text{%}) =\frac{{\mathrm{M}}_{2}-{\mathrm{M}}_{1}}{{\mathrm{M}}_{1}}\times 100 $
取未腌制及腌制后的乳鸽胸肉,参照GB 5009.44-2016[11]第三法银量法测定。
称量并记录乳鸽腌制后蒸制前的重量M2(g)以及蒸制后的重量M3(g),蒸煮损失表示为:
$\rm \text{蒸煮损失}( \text{%}) =\frac{{\mathrm{M}}_{2}-{\mathrm{M}}_{3}}{{\mathrm{M}}_{2}}\times 100 $
取红烧乳鸽胸肉,参照GB 5009.3-2016[12]第一法直接干燥法测定。
参照王引兰等[13]的方法略作修改,分别取红烧乳鸽胸肉,制成2.0 cm×2.0 cm×1.0 cm的样品,保鲜膜包裹后置于管径40 mm的核磁管中,用CPMG脉冲序列进行测量。在得到CPMG指数衰减曲线图后对其进行反演得到弛豫时间图谱。
采用色差仪测定红烧乳鸽表皮L*、a*、b*值,色差值∆E以白板为标样计算:
$ \Delta E=\sqrt{\left(\Delta L^{*}\right)^2+\left(\Delta a^{*}\right)^2+\left(\Delta b^{*}\right)^2} $
式中,∆L*、∆a*、∆b*分别为试样与标样对应参数的差值。
取红烧乳鸽胸肉,制成1.0 cm×2.0 cm×1.0 cm的样品,用4%多聚甲醛固定24 h后制成石蜡切片,经苏木精-伊红染色后,于数码显微镜40×下观察。每组观察3个切片,取5个视野,利用image-pro plus 6.0计算视野中的肌纤维直径(μm);统计视野中每mm2的肌纤维根数,即肌纤维密度(根/mm2)。
取红烧乳鸽胸肉,制成1.0 cm×1.0 cm×1.0 cm的样品,选用P36R型探头,测试前速度为2.0 mm/s,测试速度为2.0 mm/s,测试后速度为2.0 mm/s,测定时间间隔为2 s,压缩比为50%。
取红烧乳鸽胸肉,制成2.0 cm×1.0 cm×0.5 cm的样品,选用WBS型探头,测试速度为1.0 mm/s,测试后速度为5.0 mm/s,确保刀头与肌纤维方向垂直。
参照丛军等[14]的方法稍作修改,将红烧乳鸽胸肉切成小块并混合均匀,称取10 g样品置于100 mL烧杯中,双层保鲜膜封口,在室温下放置30 min,使其风味成分充分挥发后上机测试。电子鼻参数设置:载气为空气,流速500 mL/min,进样速度500 mL/min,样品检测时间120 s,清洗时间120 s,采样间隔时间1 s。
选取10名经过专业感官培训的评价人员(男5名、女5名)对红烧乳鸽的外观、色泽、气味、表皮韧性、组织状态、滋味及口感、总体可接受性进行感官评价。评分细则如表2所示。
每组实验重复3次,取平均值,试验数据以“平均值±标准差”表示。采用Microsoft Excel 2019、SPSS 27.0、Origin 2024等软件对结果进行统计分析,采用Duncan’s多重极差分析不同处理样间的差异显著性(P<0.05)。
不同腌制条件下乳鸽腌制吸收率、NaCl含量分别如图1、2所示。图1显示,只静腌处理的乳鸽(G0+J60)腌制吸收率为-0.48%,而在其他禽肉研究中鸡胸肉[15]、鸭胸肉[16]等的静腌腌制吸收率均大于0。这可能是由于乳鸽的水分含量(75%~80%)高于鸡(71%~76%)、鸭(70%~75%)[17−19],令其在静腌过程中更易因腌制液的高渗作用而失水。此外,乳鸽肌纤维较鸡鸭肉更细嫩,因此保水能力较差[20],在长时间静腌过程中水分部分流失[21],腌制吸收率为负数。采用滚揉腌制方式,随着滚揉时间延长乳鸽腌制吸收率不断增加,至G45+J15和G60+J0时达到类似的腌制渗透效果,乳鸽腌制吸收率差异不显著(P>0.05)。
图2显示,对于在滚揉腌制方式阶段(①阶段),随着滚揉时间的延长,乳鸽肌肉中的NaCl含量从0.10%(G0)显著升高至0.19%(G60)(P<0.05),表明滚揉处理显著促进了盐分向肌肉内的迁移。这一现象可归因于机械作用在滚揉过程中对肌纤维结构的破坏,增加了细胞膜通透性[5],从而使腌制液更易进入肌肉组织,短时间处理(15 min)就能显著提高鸽肉中的NaCl含量。然而,当滚揉时间超过15 min后,NaCl含量的上升幅度趋缓,这可能是因为乳鸽内外离子浓度差减小,渗透速率下降[22],此时肉中NaCl含量更多受到腌制液渗透平衡的限制。值得注意的是,鸽肉NaCl含量变化趋于平缓的时间(15 min)远短于鸭肉(2 h)[7],这可能与两者肌肉组织结构及个体体积差异有关:乳鸽饲养时间短,肌纤维发育不如鸭肉那样紧密,结缔组织的韧性也较差,在滚揉过程中易受到机械作用的破坏[23];同时乳鸽体积小、胸肌厚度较薄,NaCl的扩散路径较短,根据菲克第二扩散定律,这有利于腌制液更快地渗透至肌肉内部,从而加快盐分吸收速率[24]。G60样中NaCl含量显著提高,可能与其肌纤维结构破坏程度较大,组织间隙中被腌制液填满有关。滚揉腌制和静腌组合腌制(②阶段)后,各处理组NaCl含量普遍显著高于①阶段(P<0.05),且各数据间差异较小(P>0.05)。这一结果表明,滚揉与静腌处理结合可协同提升盐分渗透效率,使不同处理组鸽肉中的NaCl含量趋于一致。
如图3所示,对照样(未腌制乳鸽)的蒸煮损失最大,表明未腌制的乳鸽肌肉保水性相对较差。腌制后的乳鸽蒸煮损失均低于对照样,但各组蒸煮损失差异不显著(P>0.05),提示滚揉和静腌两种方式在一定程度上可能有助于改善乳鸽肌肉的保水性。如前所述,G0+J60样乳鸽未受滚揉机械作用影响,肌纤维较紧致,腌制过程中以失水为主,蒸煮时失水较少;而G45+J15样则可能是由于较为合适的滚揉与静腌时间组合促进了腌制液均匀渗透,腌制液中的阴、阳离子(尤其是Na+和Cl−)浓度增加,增强净电作用力[25],破坏蛋白质之间的盐桥和氢键[26]、降低内聚力,使肌原纤维间的结构松散,可容纳更多水分,令其蒸煮损失显著低于对照样(P<0.05)。G60+J0样因滚揉时间过长,肌肉结构受损严重,持水性降低,蒸煮损失上升。
图4显示,对照样的红烧乳鸽含水量较高,而经不同腌制条件处理的红烧乳鸽制品含水量稍有下降,尤其是G60+J0样含水量下降显著(P<0.05)。这可能是由于滚揉时间过长时,机械作用对肌纤维的破坏加剧,蛋白质网状结构塌陷[27],在高温(180 ℃)油炸下损失增加,导致红烧乳鸽含水量降低。因此在红烧乳鸽的加工过程中,需要精确把握滚揉与静腌的时间分配,避免过度滚揉导致组织破坏严重而引发水分流失。
广式红烧乳鸽讲究口感鲜嫩、汁水丰富,因此有必要针对水分在肌纤维网络中的状态及分布展开研究。
由图5可知,T2弛豫时间经反演后出现了3类峰:T2b(0.1~10 ms)、T21(10~100 ms)、T22(100~1000 ms)。根据出峰时间及峰面积大小可以认为,3类峰代表了水分的3种不同存在状态:其中T2b代表结合水,T21代表不易流动水,T22代表自由水[13]。图中显示,对照样结合水(T2b)的峰值横坐标相对靠右,弛豫时间较长。静腌处理后(G0+J60)T2b左移向着快弛豫方向移动,削弱了强结合水的移动性,表明静腌促进了水分与肌原纤维蛋白的结合[28]。随滚揉时间的延长,T2b逐渐向右慢弛豫方向移动,表明滚揉处理减弱了乳鸽胸肉中结合水的结合力,水分自由度增加,这可能原于滚揉处理对肌原纤维蛋白的破坏作用[29]。与对照样相比,经腌制处理的红烧乳鸽其T21的响应信号均显著增大(P<0.05),且随着滚揉时间的增加向着慢弛豫方向移动,表明腌制使得红烧乳鸽中不易流动水的活动性增加,可能是因为腌制使肌纤维网络结构破坏,导致更多的水分进入肌肉纤维及网络结构中。腌制处理各样之间T22的差异不显著,但对照样的T22向着慢弛豫方向移动,可能是因为未经腌制的乳鸽肌肉蛋白对水分的束缚力较弱,加热及油炸后肌肉收缩导致更多的水分流出,自由水流动性增强。
图6显示了不同腌制条件下红烧乳鸽肉中不同状态水分的T2峰面积占比P2。可以看出,各处理样中的P21占比最大,说明红烧乳鸽中的水分主要以不易流动水的状态存在[30]。对照样中P21显著大于所有腌制样(P<0.05),而静腌样中不易流动水的占比最低,对于滚揉腌制样品的P21随着滚揉时间增加呈现先升后降的趋势。这种变化可能与腌制引起的腌液渗透、肌纤维破坏及水分重新分布有关:G0+J60样P21最低应该是由于长时间静腌导致不易流动水流失造成的,与图1显示的结果相对应。而适度滚揉结合适当静腌(如G30+J30)能促进腌制液渗入并使水分在肌肉结构中均匀分布,其中的离子(Na+、Cl−)等物质增强了肌原纤维蛋白的保水能力[25],共同使P21上升。但当滚揉时间过长(G60+J0),肌纤维网络结构被破坏,系水力减弱[31],P21再次下降。与此同时,P22呈现先降后升的趋势。ZHENG等[32]认为P2b和P21与肌肉保水性呈正相关,而P22与则保水性呈负相关。上述实验结果说明适度滚揉有助于增强肌肉保水性,而长时间静腌或滚揉则可能影响肌纤维的状态和肌原纤维蛋白的结构,减弱鸽肉的保水能力[33]。
广式红烧乳鸽作为一种广受欢迎的菜肴制品,要求表皮红亮油润,色泽诱人。不同腌制条件下制得的红烧乳鸽表皮色值如图7所示。
由图7的色值可以看出,各组红烧乳鸽之间的a*(红度)、b*(黄度)和∆E(色差)差异不显著(P>0.05),表明腌制方式及条件对乳鸽炸制后表皮颜色没有显著的影响,这可能是因为油炸过程中焦糖化反应和羰氨反应是红烧乳鸽表皮颜色形成的主要过程,而腌制对制品颜色形成影响不明显。
不同腌制条件处理后制得的红烧乳鸽胸肉肌纤维切片如图8所示,肌纤维直径与密度见表3。
从图8和表3中可以发现,不同的腌制条件对红烧乳鸽的肌纤维结构和状态有明显影响。对照样肌纤维直径较大,纤维网络结构致密、紧实且间隙较小,因此肌纤维密度也最大。静腌60 min制备得到的红烧乳鸽(G0+J60)肌纤维直径显著高于其他腌制处理样(P<0.05),且纤维密度较小,这可能是因为腌液中的Na+、Cl−等离子渗入肌纤维中并与肌原纤维蛋白相互作用,促进肌肉蛋白溶出,降低肌纤维内聚力,纤维膨胀且间距加大[34]。经滚揉腌制处理后的红烧乳鸽肌纤维直径随着滚揉时间的延长、静腌时间缩短而逐渐变小,但除G60+J0样外其他样品间的肌纤维直径差异不显著(P>0.05),肌纤维密度则在G30+J30处理条件下最大,而后显著下降(P<0.05)。这可能是由于G30+J30组合下滚揉强度适中,尚未造成肌纤维结构的显著破坏,但在持续的机械挤压与碰撞作用下,肌纤维发生暂时性变形,排列更加紧密,从而呈现出较高的组织密度。根据图8肌纤维状态可以看出:滚揉过程中鸽肉不断受到机械挤压和拍打,肌纤维受损,网络结构也受到破坏;随着滚揉时间的延长,机械作用导致纤维膜破裂、部分纤维断裂(G45+J15)[35],加之腌制液的渗入,最终导致纤维变形收缩、排列松散、间距加大。G60+J0样因为滚揉时间过长,肌纤维收缩变形明显,肌纤维膜破坏严重、肌纤维间隙很大,此时肌肉结构非常松散,肌纤维直径和密度最小。
上述结果及分析显示滚揉腌制过程中机械作用和腌制液对肌纤维特性的双重作用,同时也反映出滚揉对乳鸽肌纤维组织的影响。因此在优化滚揉腌制工艺时应考虑乳鸽肉质的特性,合理调整滚揉时间在45 min以内,防止肌纤维过度受损而遭到破坏,影响腌制效果。
由表4可见,对照样的硬度、咀嚼性和剪切力值显著高于各腌制处理样(P<0.05);而在各腌制处理样中,只静腌乳鸽(G0+J60)与G15+J45样两者之间的差异不显著(P>0.05);随着滚揉时间增加至30 min(G30+J30),其硬度较前两组处理样显著降低(P<0.05),而咀嚼性与剪切力值虽有下降却未达显著水平(P>0.05),表明肉质变嫩,但仍有一定的咀嚼性;当滚揉时间进一步延长时,上述参数进一步显著下降(P<0.05),至滚揉60 min且不进行静腌处理(G60+J0)时,乳鸽硬度、弹性、咀嚼性和剪切力值降至最低,表明此时乳鸽肉质偏软,咀嚼性和韧性均较小。乳鸽的内聚性和回复性则随腌制条件改变变化不显著(P>0.05)。
本研究的结果显示,滚揉腌制过程中腌制液的渗透和滚揉的机械作用共同发挥作用:随着滚揉时间的延长腌制液不断渗入,Na+、Cl−发挥嫩化作用,同时肌肉机械损伤逐步加剧(见图8),导致硬度、咀嚼性和剪切力值显著下降(P<0.05)。当滚揉时间进一步延长至60 min(G60+J0)时,滚揉的机械作用和腌液渗透共同影响鸽肉组织结构,虽然此时鸽肉中水分含量有所下降(见图3),但肌纤维的破坏更加显著(见图8),咀嚼阻力和剪切力值也进一步降低。
总体来看,不同腌制条件通过腌制液渗透与机械作用实现了对乳鸽质构特性的改善。然而值得注意的是,过度滚揉会导致肉质过于软烂,难以满足红烧乳鸽需具备一定嚼劲的品质要求,故而需选择适当的滚揉腌制条件。
选择G0+J60、G30+J30、G60+J0三组具代表性的红烧乳鸽样品,进行电子鼻测定,以评价腌制方式及条件对产品香气的影响,结果见图9、图10所示。
从图9可以看出,传感器W1W(硫化物)在3组样品中均表现出最高响应,表明硫化物是红烧乳鸽的主要风味成分。这可能与本研究采用的蒸制+油炸工艺加热温和,有助于保留甲硫醇、二甲基二硫等硫化物(肉的鲜味)有关,从而加强W1W的响应[36−37]。不过,甲硫醇在低浓度时能增强肉香和鲜味,但较高浓度时会带来腥味[38]。三组样品整体气味轮廓相似。静腌样(G0+J60)在W1W和W1S(甲基类)传感器的响应值略高于滚揉处理样(G30+J30、G60+J0),这与静腌60 min时腌制液尚未完全渗透入乳鸽,导致肉中硫化氢、甲硫醇等腥味物质的含量较高有关[39],但该差异并不显著。为进一步解析样品间差异,对电子鼻数据进行了传感器载荷分析和主成分分析(图10),以识别关键风味成分及其对气味差异的贡献。
传感器载荷图10(a)显示,第一主成分(PC1)的主要贡献传感器依次为W1W(硫化物)>W2W(芳香成分,有机硫化物)>W5S(氮氧化合物);第二主成分(PC2)的主要贡献传感器依次为W5S>W1S>W2W。由图10(b)可知,PC1和PC2的总方差解释率达到96.76%,说明该模型能有效反映样品的气味特征。但三种腌制方式的图像部分重叠,不能完全区分开,表明其整体气味属性上无显著性差异(P>0.05)。这与雷达图(图9)的结果一致,表明所选择腌制处理条件对红烧乳鸽整体气味属性的影响较小。
从图11感官评分雷达图可知,静腌处理60 min(G0+J60)样品对红烧乳鸽气味、组织状态和口感的改善效果有限,各指标的评分明显低于其他腌制处理样(P<0.05)。随着滚揉时间的延长,乳鸽的滋味、组织状态及口感逐渐改善,其中G30+J30组在总体可接受性上评分最高(8.6分),此时红烧乳鸽的柔嫩性和多汁性较对照样显著提升,呈现较为均衡的口感特性。进一步延长滚揉时间至60 min(G60+J0)时,尽管气味得分最高(主要是腥味的减弱),但肉质过于软烂,同时盐分渗透过多、滋味较咸且不适口,在色泽、表皮韧性、组织状态及口感等方面明显下降,总体可接受性评分稍低。
整体来看,适度的滚揉结合静腌处理能够通过优化腌液渗透、改善肌纤维组织结构及水分状态等,显著提升红烧乳鸽的感官品质。其中,滚揉30 min+静腌30 min处理使红烧乳鸽(G30+J30)在外观、色泽、滋味、表皮韧性、组织状态及口感等多个维度上实现良好平衡,感官品质最好。
腌制条件的优化显著改善了广式红烧乳鸽的综合品质:随着组合腌制中滚揉时间增加、静腌时间减少,腌制吸收率和NaCl含量显著提高(P<0.05)。本研究中的G0+J60、G15+J45、G30+J30及G45+J15等四组处理均增强了鸽肉持水性,其中G45+J15样蒸煮损失最低而含水量最高。水分状态的变化在G30+J30组发生转折,肉中结合水比例先降后升,不易流动水比例先升后降,自由水比例先降后升。腌制条件对红烧乳鸽表皮色泽的影响并不显著,但随着滚揉时间增加、静腌时间缩短,肌纤维结构逐渐松散,直径减小,密度在G30+J30样达到最大值。适度滚揉(G30+J30)能显著降低红烧乳鸽的硬度、剪切力和咀嚼性(P<0.05),提升嫩度。上述变化受到腌制过程中机械作用及离子作用的综合影响。各处理组气味整体轮廓差异不显著,香气特征接近。感官评价结果显示,G30+J30样在色泽、嫩度、保水性及整体感官等多方面实现了最佳平衡,品质最好。
后续可以进一步探讨滚揉腌制过程中机械力与离子作用对鸽肉蛋白质结构与功能的协同影响,有助于揭示肉质变化的内在机制,为精准调控腌制条件奠定基础。在风味研究方面,结合GC-MS等技术,从定量和成分分析的角度补充风味信息,为产品风味调控提供更精准的数据支持。

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2026年第47卷第7期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050217
  • 接收时间:2025-05-22
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-04-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-22
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    1华南理工大学食品科学与工程学院,广东广州 510641
    2广东点都德餐饮管理有限公司,广东广州 510600

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张立彦(1974−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品加工与保藏,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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