Article(id=1320886757952967451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883859747615068, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090163, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1757001600000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792853543984, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1773504000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792853543984, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792853543984, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792853543984, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883859747615068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='505', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773504000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852852999, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852852999, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=131, endPage=140, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320886758175265564, articleId=1320886757952967451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressure on Hydrolysis of High Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid by Bovine Testicular Hyaluronidase and Structure of Hydrolysis Products, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the effect of high hydrostatic pressure on the enzymatic hydrolysis of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA). This study adopted high hydrostatic pressure (0.1, 50, 100, 150 and 200 MPa) to assist bovine testicular hyaluronidase in hydrolyzing HMW-HA. Subsequently, the degree of hydrolysis and molecular weight of the hydrolysate were measured to investigate the effects of pressure, hydrolysis time, and enzyme concentration on the hydrolysis results, thereby determining optimal reaction conditions. Additionally, the chemical structure and thermal stability of the hydrolysis products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicated that bovine testicular hyaluronidase at a concentration of 40000 U/g was suitable for the preparation of low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW-HA) under pressure treatments ranging from 0.1, 50, 100, 150 and 200 MPa. Pressures of 50 MPa and 100 MPa effectively controlled the excessive hydrolysis of HMW-HA into HA oligosaccharides, increased the LMW-HA content. The 100 MPa treatment yielded the highest LMW-HA content at 65.5%, representing a 19.9% increase compared to atmospheric pressure. However, treatment with excessively high pressure (150, 200 MPa) inhibited bovine testicular hyaluronidase from hydrolyzing HMW-HA. FT-IR and NMR results indicated that high hydrostatic pressure treatment did not significantly disrupt the chemical structure of hydrolysates. However, XRD analysis revealed that high pressure markedly disrupted their crystalline structure, with crystallinity decreasing as pressure increases. Additionally, DSC results indicated that lower pressure treatments (50, 100 MPa) had a minor effect on the thermal stability of hydrolysate products, whereas higher pressure treatments (150, 200 MPa) significantly (P<0.05) altered their thermal stability. In summary, high hydrostatic pressure treatment at appropriate pressure can inhibit the hydrolysis of HMW-HA into oligosaccharides while minimally affecting its chemical structure, thereby increasing the yield of low molecular weight hyaluronic acid.

, authors=Run QUAN1, Xiaolong WU1, Rongxu LIU2, Junjie ZHANG1, Jianchun HAN1, 2, *, Danyi LIU2, *, authorsList=Run QUAN, Xiaolong WU, Rongxu LIU, Junjie ZHANG, Jianchun HAN, Danyi LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jianchun HAN, Danyi LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320886760243057457, articleId=1320886757952967451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=高静水压对牛睾丸透明质酸酶水解高分子量透明质酸及水解产物结构的影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究高静水压对高分子量透明质酸(High molecular weight hyaluronic acid,HMW-HA)酶解的影响,本研究采用高静水压(0.1、50、100、150、200 MPa)辅助牛睾丸透明质酸酶水解HMW-HA,并对水解产物的水解度和分子量进行测定,探讨压强、水解时间及酶浓度对水解效果的影响,以确定合适的反应条件。此外,采用傅里叶红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FT-IR)、X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、核磁共振(Uclear magnetic resonance,NMR)、差示扫描量热法(Uclear magnetic resonance,DSC)等方法对水解产物的化学结构及热稳定性进行测定。结果表明,在0.1、50、100、150、200 MPa压强处理下,40000 U/g酶浓度的牛睾丸透明质酸酶适合低分子量透明质酸(Low molecular weight hyaluronic acid,LMW-HA)的制备。50 MPa及100 MPa压强可有效控制HMW-HA过度水解为HA寡聚糖,增加LMW-HA含量,100 MPa处理的LMW-HA含量最高,达到65.5%,比常压增加19.9%。然而,过高压强(150、200 MPa)处理则会抑制牛睾丸透明质酸酶水解HMW-HA。FT-IR和NMR结果表明高静水压处理不会明显破坏水解产物的化学结构,但XRD表明高压显著破坏其晶体结构,结晶度随压强增加而减小。另外,DSC结果表明,较低压强处理(50、100 MPa)对水解产物热稳定性影响较小,较高压强处理(150、200 MPa)则会显著(P<0.0.5)改变其热稳定性。综上所述,适当压强的高静水压处理可抑制HMW-HA水解为寡聚糖且对其化学结构影响小,增加低分子量透明质酸产量。

, authors=全润1, 吴晓龙1, 刘容旭2, 张俊杰1, 韩建春1, 2, *, 刘丹怡2, *, authorsList=全润, 吴晓龙, 刘容旭, 张俊杰, 韩建春, 刘丹怡, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=韩建春, 刘丹怡, authorNote=

全润(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品加工及贮藏工程,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
韩建春(1973−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:副产物综合利用,E-mail:。
刘丹怡(1990−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:副产物综合利用,E-mail:。
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全润(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品加工及贮藏工程,E-mail:

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全润(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品加工及贮藏工程,E-mail:

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International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2024, 280: 135687., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886774021346228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886757952967451, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=61, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邢慧珍, 张玉梅, 刘会平, 等. 淡竹叶多糖的制备、热稳定性及其抗氧化活性[J]. 食品研究与开发, 2023, 44(19): 86−96. [XIN H Z, ZHANG Y M, LIU H P, et al. Preparation, thermal stability and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from Lophatherum gracile Brongn[J]. Food Research and Development, 2023, 44(19): 86−96.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886774113620917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886757952967451, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=62, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIN H Z, ZHANG Y M, LIU H P, et al. Preparation, thermal stability and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from Lophatherum gracile Brongn[J]. 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注:不同小写字母表示存在显著差异(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=7U3oileaq9ZzUXdI5Zxw5g==, figureFileBig=JJEoBRMfryrlut2v5/+y4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886764915512165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886757952967451, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of HHP treatment on the hydrolysis degree of HMW-HA hydrolysates under different processing times, figureFileSmall=4iKCgF1nANxHFKZrgPXgNw==, figureFileBig=KE3o+Dy2v9ZyNdibRt5fZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886764974232422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886757952967451, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同处理时间下HHP处理对HMW-HA水解产物水解度的影响

注:(A)~(C)依次为水解1、3、5 h;不同大写字母表示同一处理压强不同酶浓度间差异显著(P<0.05);不同小写字母表示同一处理酶浓度不同压强间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=4iKCgF1nANxHFKZrgPXgNw==, figureFileBig=KE3o+Dy2v9ZyNdibRt5fZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886765053924199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886757952967451, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Agarose gel electrophoresis of HMW-HA hydrolysis products under HHP treatment, figureFileSmall=u7Q877zuXCVwTPev6XrP7w==, figureFileBig=p8eA4/Ir3K6RZzG5/yVDAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886765121033064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886757952967451, language=CN, label=图3, caption=HHP处理下HMW-HA水解产物的琼脂糖凝胶电泳图

注:A~C依次为20000 U/mg酶浓度在不同压强下水解1、3、5 h;D~F依次为40000 U/mg酶浓度在不同压强下水解1、3、5 h;G~I依次为80000 U/mg酶浓度在不同压强下水解1、3、5 h;其中,M1为35 kDa透明质酸样品,M2为60 kDa透明质酸样品。

, figureFileSmall=u7Q877zuXCVwTPev6XrP7w==, figureFileBig=p8eA4/Ir3K6RZzG5/yVDAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886765217502057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886757952967451, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of different pressures on the molecular weight of HMW-HA hydrolysis products, figureFileSmall=VG37u7fHcCxtdrATEX3oJQ==, figureFileBig=6k86jZVCfr2jnp89i/RQSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886765305582442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886757952967451, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同压强对HMW-HA水解产物分子量的影响

注:A为反应压强和反应时间对HMW-HA水解产物分子量的影响;B为反应压强对HMW-HA水解5 h的产物分子量分布的影响。

, figureFileSmall=VG37u7fHcCxtdrATEX3oJQ==, figureFileBig=6k86jZVCfr2jnp89i/RQSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886765372691307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886757952967451, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Infrared spectra of hydrolysis products after 5 h of enzymatic hydrolysis under different pressures, figureFileSmall=riJxcDVSxwJtnZa5DedndQ==, figureFileBig=NqgwP6M6ctnnOdOqQoO+uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886765448188780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886757952967451, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同压强辅助酶解5 h水解产物的红外光谱图, figureFileSmall=riJxcDVSxwJtnZa5DedndQ==, figureFileBig=NqgwP6M6ctnnOdOqQoO+uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886765515297645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886757952967451, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=XRD diffraction patterns of hydrolysis products after 5 h of hydrolysis under different pressures, figureFileSmall=bbDoV2vG4SY9ApjJ9JnpXg==, figureFileBig=AqIcWWHALJ/qr2qa8uh49w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886765578212206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886757952967451, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同压强辅助水解5 h水解产物的XRD衍射图, figureFileSmall=bbDoV2vG4SY9ApjJ9JnpXg==, figureFileBig=AqIcWWHALJ/qr2qa8uh49w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886765645321071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886757952967451, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=1H-NMR spectra of hydrolysis products after 5 h of hydrolysis under different pressures, figureFileSmall=RVTzwVRE5eglzRDzi5Vw2Q==, figureFileBig=jCrXlI/KF6y9yFmg1ttWXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886765733401456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886757952967451, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同压强辅助水解5 h水解产物的1H-NMR谱图

注:A~E依次为0.1、50、100、150、200 MPa压强处理。

, figureFileSmall=RVTzwVRE5eglzRDzi5Vw2Q==, figureFileBig=jCrXlI/KF6y9yFmg1ttWXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886765800510321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886757952967451, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=13C-NMR spectra of hydrolysis products after 5 h of hydrolysis under different pressures, figureFileSmall=jYk021qKHqj54dAfx4YWlw==, figureFileBig=rXYsgDf2YtMBULA7//yAgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886765871813490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886757952967451, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同压强辅助水解5 h水解产物的13C-NMR谱图

注:A~E依次为0.1、50、100、150、200 MPa压强处理。

, figureFileSmall=jYk021qKHqj54dAfx4YWlw==, figureFileBig=rXYsgDf2YtMBULA7//yAgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886765930533747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886757952967451, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=SEM images of hydrolysis products after 5 h of hydrolysis under different pressures, figureFileSmall=SyAnqxodAhk6t5Vt0VmWig==, figureFileBig=OK34fP3p1QjLPaMYzGjoVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886766006031220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886757952967451, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同压强辅助水解5 h水解产物的扫描电镜图

注:A、C、E、G、I分别为0.1、50、100、150、200 MPa水解产物500×电镜图;B、D、F、H、J分别为0.1、50、100、150、200 MPa水解产物5000×电镜图。

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高静水压对牛睾丸透明质酸酶水解高分子量透明质酸及水解产物结构的影响
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全润 1 , 吴晓龙 1 , 刘容旭 2 , 张俊杰 1 , 韩建春 1, 2, * , 刘丹怡 2, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(6): 131-140
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (6) : 131 -140
高静水压对牛睾丸透明质酸酶水解高分子量透明质酸及水解产物结构的影响
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全润1 , 吴晓龙1, 刘容旭2, 张俊杰1, 韩建春1, 2, * , 刘丹怡2, *
作者信息
  • 1东北农业大学食品学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150030
  • 2黑龙江省绿色食品科学研究院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150028
通讯作者:
韩建春(1973−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:副产物综合利用,E-mail:。
刘丹怡(1990−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:副产物综合利用,E-mail:。
作者简介:

全润(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品加工及贮藏工程,E-mail:

Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressure on Hydrolysis of High Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid by Bovine Testicular Hyaluronidase and Structure of Hydrolysis Products
Run QUAN1 , Xiaolong WU1, Rongxu LIU2, Junjie ZHANG1, Jianchun HAN1, 2, * , Danyi LIU2, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
  • 2Heilongjiang Institute of Green Food Science, Harbin 150028, China
出版时间: 2026-03-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090163
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为探究高静水压对高分子量透明质酸(High molecular weight hyaluronic acid,HMW-HA)酶解的影响,本研究采用高静水压(0.1、50、100、150、200 MPa)辅助牛睾丸透明质酸酶水解HMW-HA,并对水解产物的水解度和分子量进行测定,探讨压强、水解时间及酶浓度对水解效果的影响,以确定合适的反应条件。此外,采用傅里叶红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FT-IR)、X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、核磁共振(Uclear magnetic resonance,NMR)、差示扫描量热法(Uclear magnetic resonance,DSC)等方法对水解产物的化学结构及热稳定性进行测定。结果表明,在0.1、50、100、150、200 MPa压强处理下,40000 U/g酶浓度的牛睾丸透明质酸酶适合低分子量透明质酸(Low molecular weight hyaluronic acid,LMW-HA)的制备。50 MPa及100 MPa压强可有效控制HMW-HA过度水解为HA寡聚糖,增加LMW-HA含量,100 MPa处理的LMW-HA含量最高,达到65.5%,比常压增加19.9%。然而,过高压强(150、200 MPa)处理则会抑制牛睾丸透明质酸酶水解HMW-HA。FT-IR和NMR结果表明高静水压处理不会明显破坏水解产物的化学结构,但XRD表明高压显著破坏其晶体结构,结晶度随压强增加而减小。另外,DSC结果表明,较低压强处理(50、100 MPa)对水解产物热稳定性影响较小,较高压强处理(150、200 MPa)则会显著(P<0.0.5)改变其热稳定性。综上所述,适当压强的高静水压处理可抑制HMW-HA水解为寡聚糖且对其化学结构影响小,增加低分子量透明质酸产量。

高静水压  /  透明质酸  /  牛睾丸透明质酸酶  /  酶解  /  低分子量  /  结构分析

To investigate the effect of high hydrostatic pressure on the enzymatic hydrolysis of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA). This study adopted high hydrostatic pressure (0.1, 50, 100, 150 and 200 MPa) to assist bovine testicular hyaluronidase in hydrolyzing HMW-HA. Subsequently, the degree of hydrolysis and molecular weight of the hydrolysate were measured to investigate the effects of pressure, hydrolysis time, and enzyme concentration on the hydrolysis results, thereby determining optimal reaction conditions. Additionally, the chemical structure and thermal stability of the hydrolysis products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicated that bovine testicular hyaluronidase at a concentration of 40000 U/g was suitable for the preparation of low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW-HA) under pressure treatments ranging from 0.1, 50, 100, 150 and 200 MPa. Pressures of 50 MPa and 100 MPa effectively controlled the excessive hydrolysis of HMW-HA into HA oligosaccharides, increased the LMW-HA content. The 100 MPa treatment yielded the highest LMW-HA content at 65.5%, representing a 19.9% increase compared to atmospheric pressure. However, treatment with excessively high pressure (150, 200 MPa) inhibited bovine testicular hyaluronidase from hydrolyzing HMW-HA. FT-IR and NMR results indicated that high hydrostatic pressure treatment did not significantly disrupt the chemical structure of hydrolysates. However, XRD analysis revealed that high pressure markedly disrupted their crystalline structure, with crystallinity decreasing as pressure increases. Additionally, DSC results indicated that lower pressure treatments (50, 100 MPa) had a minor effect on the thermal stability of hydrolysate products, whereas higher pressure treatments (150, 200 MPa) significantly (P<0.05) altered their thermal stability. In summary, high hydrostatic pressure treatment at appropriate pressure can inhibit the hydrolysis of HMW-HA into oligosaccharides while minimally affecting its chemical structure, thereby increasing the yield of low molecular weight hyaluronic acid.

high hydrostatic pressure  /  hyaluronic acid  /  bovine testicular hyaluronidase  /  enzymatic hydrolysis  /  low molecular weight  /  structural analysis
全润, 吴晓龙, 刘容旭, 张俊杰, 韩建春, 刘丹怡. 高静水压对牛睾丸透明质酸酶水解高分子量透明质酸及水解产物结构的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (6) : 131 -140 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090163
Run QUAN, Xiaolong WU, Rongxu LIU, Junjie ZHANG, Jianchun HAN, Danyi LIU. Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressure on Hydrolysis of High Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid by Bovine Testicular Hyaluronidase and Structure of Hydrolysis Products[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (6) : 131 -140 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090163
透明质酸(Hyaluronan acid,HA)是一种由N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖和D-葡萄糖醛酸通过β-1,3糖苷键组成二糖重复单元,再通过β-1,4糖苷键连接重复单元构成的阴离子非硫酸化线性糖胺聚糖[1]。HA在细胞外基质中含量丰富,主要分布于皮肤组织、结缔组织、关节滑液及玻璃体周围[2],具有多种生物功能。根据分子量(Molecular weight,MW)可将HA分为高分子量HA、中分子量HA、低分子量HA(Low molecular weight hyaluronic acid,LMW-HA)和低分子量寡聚糖[3]。不同分子量HA具有不同生物功能,甚至表现出相反作用。其中,LMW-HA(10 kDa≤MW<100 kDa)具有调节炎症、促进伤口愈合、促进血管生成及增强肠道上皮屏障等生物功能[4−6],已广泛应用于食品、化妆品及生物医药行业。
目前,LMW-HA主要通过物理降解法、化学降解法、生物合成法和酶水解法制备。物理降解包括微波降解、超声降解和γ射线降解等,存在降解时间长、降解产物成分不均一、降解不彻底(难以获得小分子量LMW-HA)等缺点[7]。酸处理、碱处理及氧化剂处理是常见的化学降解方法,常与物理降解联用,克服物理降解不彻底的缺点,但此方法反应过快,降解过程不易控制导致产物质量不可控,还会破坏LMW-HA结构[8]。生物合成的反应条件复杂且严格,成本高[9]。酶水解可特异性降解透明质酸,其具有降解条件温和、降解效率高且易控制、降解副产物少和纯度高等优势,弥补物理降解及化学降解的缺点。牛睾丸透明质酸酶可特异性水解HA链的β-1,4糖苷键,生成还原端以乙酰氨基葡萄糖为主要产物的LMW-HA。Čožíková等[10]使用牛睾丸透明质酸酶将1600 kDa HA降解为41.8、38.4及41.9 kDa等分子量的LMW-HA。但是,牛睾丸透明质酸酶水解制备LMW-HA仍存在产率低、产物分子量范围大的问题[11]。因此,探索一种增加酶水解制备LMW-HA产率的方法尤为重要。
高静水压(High hydrostatic pressure,HHP)是一种非热、清洁的加工技术,也被称为冷巴氏杀菌技术[12],被广泛应用于蛋白质及多糖的改性。HHP可以改变多糖中较弱的化学键,如氢键、离子键及范德华力等,影响多糖的空间构型、螺旋结构及结晶度[13−14],导致多糖分子变形、拉伸、折叠或膨胀,可能暴露酶的作用位点,增加酶解速率,提升产率。另外,HHP破坏蛋白质中较弱的化学键,如氢键、疏水键和离子键等[15],对其二级结构影响比较大,进一步导致蛋白质去折叠,这可能暴露更多酶的结合位点。Shin等[16]发现50~200 MPa压强处理可增加Pluszyme 2000P酶的活性,且可促进难以水解的糖基结构水解。尽管HHP在辅助酶解方面具有巨大潜力,但是目前针对HHP辅助透明质酸酶水解的研究较为匮乏。
鉴于此,本研究采用高静水压辅助牛睾丸透明质酸酶水解高分子量透明质酸制备LMW-HA,探究酶浓度、压强及水解时间对水解产物分子量的影响,并对其结构进行表征,以期为LMW-HA的开发应用提供依据。
透明质酸(MW为1240 kDa) 青岛惠诺德生物科技有限公司;低分子量透明质酸标准样品(MW分别为35、60 kDa) 山东丽阳生物科技有限公司;牛睾丸透明质酸酶(805 U/mg)、琼脂糖 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;氯化镁、氯化钠、蔗糖、葡萄糖、苯酚 天津市天力化学试剂有限公司;N-乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖、对二甲氨基苯甲醛、Stains-All染色剂、溴酚蓝 上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;冰醋酸、硫酸 天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司;3,5-二硝基水杨酸 上海展云化工有限公司;酒石酸钾钠、硫酸铜、浓盐酸 国药集团化学试剂有限公司;以上试剂均为分析纯。
L-539超微分子压缩仪 沈阳人和机电工程设备有限公司;T6S紫外可见光分光光度计 北京普析通用仪器有限公司;FD-1A-50真空冷冻干燥机 长沙巴跃仪器有限公司;Power Pac HC电泳仪 美国Bio Rad生命医学有限公司;PL-GPC50凝胶渗透色谱仪 安捷伦科技(中国)有限公司;DSC25差示扫描量热仪 美国TA仪器公司;AVANCE III 400MHz液体核磁共振波谱仪 德国布鲁克仪器公司;Nicolet is50傅里叶变换红外光谱仪 赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司;XRD-6100 X射线衍射仪 日本岛津公司;SU8010扫描电子显微镜 日本日立公司。
使用混合溶液(含1 mmol/L MgCl2和85 mmol/L NaCl)配制10 mg/mL牛睾丸透明质酸酶溶液,装入聚乙烯袋,密封后放入超微分子压缩仪,分别在37 ℃,0.1、100、200、300、400、500 MPa压力下处理20 min。测定不同压强下牛睾丸透明质酸酶的酶活,筛选对牛睾丸透明质酸酶活力影响小的压力条件。
依据郭田田等[17]的HA35制备方法并稍作修改,准确称取15份200 mg HMW-HA(MW为1240 kDa)分别置于聚乙烯袋中,加入10 mL超纯水,混合均匀。当HMW-HA完全溶于超纯水后,加入MgCl2和NaCl溶液,使其终浓度分别为1 mmol/L和85 mmol/L,振荡均匀。然后分别加入20000、40000、80000 U/g牛睾丸透明质酸酶,混合均匀。将混合溶液放入37 ℃超微分子压缩仪中,在0.1、50、100、150及200 MPa压强下分别反应1、3、5 h。水解结束后立即将其放入85 ℃水浴锅加热15 min。随后将水解液转入离心机,在8000 r/min下离心30 min,收集上清液,将其置于培养皿中冻干,于4 ℃保存备用。
依据张立娟等[18]的方法稍作修改,使用双缩脲法测定牛睾丸透明质酸酶的蛋白含量。取1 mL牛睾丸透明质酸酶溶液(10 mg/mL)置于试管中,向试管中加入4 mL双缩脲试剂,测定540 nm处吸光度。以牛血清蛋白为标准溶液(0~10 mg/mL)作标准曲线(y=0.0501x+0.007,R2=0.991),根据标曲方程计算总蛋白含量。
牛睾丸透明质酸酶活力依据Magalhães等[19]的方法测定,略有修改。DMAB显色剂由10 g对二甲氨基苯甲醛(DMAB)、12.5 mL浓盐酸和87.5 mL冰醋酸制成。使用0.1 mol/L乙酸-乙酸钠溶液(pH5.0,含0.2 mol/L NaCl溶液)配制1.5 mg/mL透明质酸标准溶液。准备0.15 mL牛睾丸透明质酸酶溶液,与0.6 mL透明质酸标准溶液混合均匀,37 ℃水浴15 min。孵育结束后加入0.165 mL四硼酸钾溶液,混匀后沸水浴4.5 min。冷却至室温,向混合液中加入4.5 mL稀释至10倍体积的DMAB显色剂(冰醋酸稀释),在37 ℃水浴20 min。冷却至室温后,在4 ℃,10000 r/min条件下离心10 min,取上清液在585 nm处测定吸光值,以灭活牛睾丸透明质酸酶为空白。以N-乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖(0~0.75 mmol/mL)作标准曲线(y=0.4034x−0.0005,R2=0.9991),计算总活力。酶的比活力根据下式计算:
$ \mathrm{比活力}(\mathrm{U}/\text{mg})\frac{\text{总活力}}{\text{总蛋白含量}} $
根据Yang等[20]的硫酸-苯酚法测定总糖含量。准备2 mL水解液(0.1 mg/mL)于具塞试管中,用蒸馏水补足至2 mL,然后各加入1 mL 5%苯酚溶液,混匀后快速加入浓硫酸,于100 ℃水浴20 min,冷却至室温后在490 nm处测定吸光度。以葡萄糖(0~0.1 mg/mL)作标准曲线(y=5.2286x+0.0132,R2=0.9935),根据标曲方程计算总糖含量。
根据胡腾根[21]的实验方法,采用DNS法测定还原糖含量,略有改动。取2 mL水解液(水解0 h浓度为5 mg/mL,水解1、3、5 h浓度为1 mg/mL)于具塞试管中,加入3 mL DNS溶液混匀,100 ℃水浴5 min。冷却至室温,再次加入蒸馏水补足至15 mL,混匀后在540 nm处测定吸光度。以葡萄糖作标准曲线(y=0.7514x−0.106,R2=0.998),根据标曲方程计算还原糖含量。HA水解产物的水解度计算如下:
$ \mathrm{水解度}(\text{%})=\frac{{\mathrm{m}}_{1}-{\mathrm{m}}_{0}}{{\mathrm{m}}_{2}} \times 100$
式中,m0为水解前还原糖含量,mg/mL;m1为水解后还原糖含量,mg/mL;m2为总糖含量,mg/mL。
根据郭田田等[22]的实验方法略有改动。准确称取0.3 g琼脂糖于锥形瓶中,加入30 mL 1×TBE,使用微波炉加热至略微沸腾,混合均匀后再次加热至溶液沸腾。将溶液倒入插有梳子的制胶板中,待凝胶凝固后拔下梳子,然后加入1×TBE溶液,浸没至凝胶2~3 mm。上样缓冲液由2 mol/L蔗糖和0.02%溴酚蓝溶液配制。将35 kDa和60 kDa HA标准品及样品分别与上样缓冲液以4:1比例混匀,取一定量混合溶液加入凝胶孔。在电压70 V条件下,水平电泳2~4 h。电泳结束后,使用stains-all染色液避光振荡染色14 h。染色结束后立即用蒸馏水清洗琼脂糖凝胶,然后浸没在蒸馏水中日光下脱色,直至无背景色且条带清晰。
使用凝胶渗透色谱(Gel permeation chromatography,GPC)联用示差检测器分析不同压强下酶解产物分子量及分子量分布,色谱柱为Ultrahydrogel IMlinear (300 mm×7.8 mm),流动相为0.1 mol/L硝酸钠,样品用流动相配制为5 mg/mL溶液,上样量为20 μL,柱温为40 ℃,以0.5 mL/min的流速洗脱。以标准品Dextran T-300(300.60 kDa)、Dextran T-150(135.03 kDa)、Dextran T-10(9.75 kDa)、Dextran T-5 (2.70 kDa)、葡萄糖(0.18 kDa)确定标准曲线(lg分子量=13.0−0.474×T保留时间,R2=0.9945)。
参考Chen等[23]的实验方法,测定0.1、50、100、150及200 MPa酶解5 h产物的傅里叶红外光谱。称取2 mg样品和200 mg的KBr粉末,压成片状后进行干燥处理,然后在400~4000 cm−1的波数范围内扫描,记录光谱数据。
参考Wang等[24]的实验方法,略有改动,使用X射线衍射仪测定0.1、50、100、150及200 MPa酶解5 h产物的XRD。扫描电压和电流为40 kV和200 mA,扫描范围为5°~90°,扫描速度为0.5°/min。
参考Xie等[25]的实验方法,略有改动。将不同压强下酶解5 h的产物分别溶解于D2O中,使其浓度为20 mg/mL。在296.9 K、400 MHz的条件下,检测酶解样品的1D碳谱和1D氢谱,使用MestReNova软件分析1H-NMR谱及13C-NMR谱。
使用SEM观察不同压强酶解5 h产物的微观结构。将适量酶解样品固定在金属板上,除去未固定样品,进行喷金处理,分别在500倍和5000倍下观察。
根据Yang等[20]的实验方法,通过差示扫描量热(DSC)分析不同压强下酶解产物的热特性。将2 mg样品放入坩埚中,在氮气中以50 mL/min 的流速从25 ℃加热至300 ℃,升温速率为10 ℃/min。
所有实验均重复三次。数据统计分析采用Microsoft Office软件,结果以平均值±标准差表示。采用Prism软件对数据进行差异显著性分析,组间及组内分析采用单因素方差(ANOVA)分析(P<0.05)。使用Origin 2022软件进行图像绘制。
为确定高静水压辅助水解的压强范围,在0.1、100、200、300、400、500 MPa压强下评估酶活性。如图1所示,随着压强增加,牛睾丸透明质酸酶活力逐渐下降。当压强增加到300 MPa时,酶活力显著降低(P<0.05),压强达到500 MPa时完全抑制酶活性。这可能是由于高静水压影响酶蛋白的三、四级结构,改变酶构象,这种影响随压强增加而增大,过高压强使酶结构发生不可逆破坏[26],降低酶活力,甚至导致酶完全失活。Guan等[27]发现压强300 MPa下Corolase PP复合酶部分变性,导致水解度降低。压强过大引起酶蛋白结构剧烈破坏,导致酶活力下降。因此,为减小压强对牛睾丸透明质酸酶活力的影响,选择0.1~200 MPa压强辅助水解制备LMW-HA。
HHP辅助牛睾丸透明质酸酶水解HMW-HA的水解度如图2所示,在不同压强下水解1 h,水解度随酶浓度增加显著升高(P<0.05)。当水解至3 h时,在0.1、50、100、150 MPa压强处理下,40000 U/g和80000 U/g酶浓度的水解度无显著差异(P>0.05)。在不同压强下水解至5 h时,40000 U/g和80000 U/g酶浓度的水解度无显著差异(P>0.05)。与水解1 h对比,水解3 h和5 h的水解度增加变缓。这些结果说明在1 h内水解反应迅速发生。随着水解时间的增加,HMW-HA含量逐渐降低,导致酶和多糖的有效结合降低,LMW-HA的增加也可抑制反应[28]。水解3 h以上制备LMW-HA,最佳酶浓度为40000 U/g。与在40000 U/g酶浓度和0.1 MPa处理下水解1、3、5 h的水解度对比,50 MPa处理下水解1、3、5 h的水解度增加不显著(P>0.05),100~200 MPa处理下水解1、3、5 h的水解度下降显著(P<0.05)。水解度越高水解越彻底,实验结果说明高压处理可减缓HMW-HA过度水解为HA寡聚糖。然而50、100、150、200 MPa高压处理不会明显抑制牛睾丸透明质酸酶活性,说明高静水压抑制HMW-HA过度水解的原因不是酶活力下降而导致。
HA分子量与其生物功能密切相关[29]。通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析HMW-HA在HHP处理1、3、5 h的水解产物分子量变化见图3。如图3所示,随着压强的增加,条带均明显向上偏移,说明HHP处理抑制HMW-HA的酶解,压强增加导致抑制作用增强。在20000 U/g酶浓度、HHP辅助水解5 h无法获得较低分子量LMW-HA。40000、80000 U/g酶浓度水解能获得35 kDa左右的低分子量LMW-HA,但是80000 U/g酶浓度处理无法获得较大分子量LMW-HA。综上,40000 U/g酶浓度高静水压处理适用于制备LMW-HA。
图4展示了40000 U/g酶浓度牛睾丸透明质酸酶在高静水压下水解HMW-HA的水解产物分子量变化。如图4A所示,随着反应时间的增加,产物分子量呈下降趋势。而酶解时间固定,增加酶解压强,产物分子量则越大,与水解度及琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果相符合。150 MPa及200 MPa处理的水解产物分子量与0.1、50及100 MPa处理的分子量差异大,这可能是由于高压抑制牛睾丸透明质酸酶活性,水解速率下降,导致平均分子量远大于低压处理(0.1、50、100 MPa)。由图4B所示,与0.1 MPa对比,随着压强增加,色谱峰明显向左偏移,分子量低于10 kDa(HA寡聚糖)面积明显减少。压强为100 MPa时,分子量在35 kDa左右达到最大值且LMW-HA含量最高,达到65.5%,比0.1 MPa处理增加19.9%。而继续增加压强,分子量高于100 kDa的面积增大。综上,一定强度压强(50、100 MPa)处理可抑制LMW-HA水解为HA寡聚糖,增加LMW-HA产量。压强高于100 MPa则会抑制牛睾丸透明质酸酶活性,降低其降解速率,不利于LMW-HA制备。
如图5所示,不同压强辅助水解制备的LMW-HA具有相似的FT-IR光谱,主要吸收峰分别为3437.8、2831.7、1592.6、1360.4、1106.3、773.9、622.4 cm−1,这些吸收峰符合多糖典型吸收峰。3437 cm−1处出现一个宽大吸收峰,是O-H伸缩振动引起,可形成糖分子内及分子间氢键[30]。2831.7 cm−1处的弱吸收峰是C-H的对称振动峰,这两种峰为多糖特征吸收峰[31]。1592.6 cm−1和1360.4 cm−1处的较强吸收峰则是C=O及C-H的振动峰[32]。1106.3 cm−1处的吸收峰可能与吡喃糖环中C-O键有关[33],900~500 cm−1处出现的两个弱吸收峰则是HA吡喃糖骨架引起[34]。与0.1 MPa处理对比,50、100、150、200 MPa处理的LMW-HA主要吸收峰(官能团)几乎相同且无偏移,表明HHP条件下LMW-HA结构没有明显影响。Zhong等[35]发现果胶通过200~600 MPa压强处理后FT-IR光谱图几乎相同,HHP处理后果胶化学结构保持不变,与本文结果相似。
多糖的结晶及非结晶结构与其衍射性质显著联系,使用X射线衍射可测量多糖的晶体结构。高结晶度多糖具有尖锐的衍射峰,低结晶度多糖具有较宽的衍射峰,弥散区域则代表非结晶区域[36]。如图6所示,0.1 MPa处理组在14°及17°左右发现2个明显且尖锐的衍射峰,19°、26°、32°及46°出现4个窄小的衍射峰。HHP处理组只在32°和46°附近存在2个窄小的衍射峰,存在大量弥散区域,说明0.1 MPa处理组结晶度最高,HHP处理会破坏LMW-HA的晶体结构。Wang等[37]通过HHP辅助支链淀粉酶制备去支莲子淀粉,发现HHP处理会破坏莲子淀粉的双螺旋结构,减弱其特征峰。所以,HHP可能破坏LMW-HA的三、四级结构,导致其晶体结构发生变化。另外,通过Jade软件计算0.1、50、100、150及200 MPa的结晶度分别为65.04%、37.05%、31.51%、24.51%、16.72%,结果显示结晶度随压强的增加而减小。
通过一维NMR的碳谱和氢谱分析HHP辅助水解对LMW-HA化学结构的影响。水解产物的1H-NMR如图7所示,在δ4.6~δ1.9间出现主要化学位移。一般来说,化学位移值大于5.0 ppm的峰对应α-异头氢,而小于5.0 ppm的峰对应β-异头氢[38],LMW-HA化学位移都小于5.0 ppm,是由其β构型糖基引起。2 ppm左右的化学位移是N-乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖的甲基质子,3.25 ppm和4.55 ppm间的这些化学位移为葡萄糖醛酸及N-乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖胺的异构质子,与先前的研究基本一致[39]。不同压强辅助酶解的LMW-HA化学位移与未高压处理的LMW-HA相似,说明HHP未明显改变LMW-HA的功能基团结构。但是,HHP处理下在4.5 ppm附近产生更多信号,这可能是高压下改变酶解方式,导致结构发生轻微变化。如图8所示,68~104 ppm之间及54 ppm附近的化学位移是葡萄糖醛酸异头碳信号,其余化学位移则是N-乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖的异头碳信号[40]。与0.1 MPa对比,HHP辅助酶解的水解产物的碳谱化学位移基本一致。NMR结果与傅里叶红外光谱结果对应,HHP辅助酶解不会对水解产物结构产生明显破坏。
HHP辅助水解对LMW-HA微观结构的影响如图9所示。0.1 MPa处理时,500倍下观察到水解产物表面光滑,5000倍下其呈现片状结构,表面规则,没有结构碎片。HHP处理的水解产物在500倍下表面结构变化不大,但是表面可观察到结构碎片;在5000倍下表面变得粗糙,凹凸不平,尤其是200 MPa处理下观察到明显的孔洞。研究结果表明,HHP处理会破坏LMW-HA颗粒的结构并改变其表面形态,这种影响随压强的增加而加强。这一结论与Zheng等[41]的研究一致,观察到100~300 MPa超高压辅助提取多糖时,其对表面形貌的破坏随压强增大而增大。
图10展示了通过DSC法分析0.1~200 MPa压强处理5 h水解产物的热稳定性特征。整体而言,这些水解产物只出现一个吸收峰,主要是固态构型崩解及突变造成,继续增加温度没有出现放热峰,说明常压处理及HHP处理的LMW-HA都具有较好的热稳定性[42]。与0.1 MPa处理对比,50 MPa和100 MPa处理的吸收峰略微向左偏移,而150 MPa和200 MPa处理的吸收峰则明显向右偏移,峰值温度从93.4 ℃升至112.9 ℃和122.5 ℃。这些结果表明,50 MPa和100 MPa压强辅助牛睾丸透明质酸酶水解对LMW-HA热稳定性影响不大,150MPa、200 MPa压强处理下则会提升LMW-HA的热稳定性。
本研究在不同压强下对高分子量透明质酸进行水解,发现在40000 U/g的酶浓度下进行水解适合低分子量透明质酸的制备,高静水压辅助水解能有效减缓透明质酸水解为寡聚糖,100 MPa压强处理的低分子量透明质酸含量最高。但是,150 MPa及200 MPa压强处理会降低透明质酸降解速率。此外,傅里叶红外光谱、核磁共振及X射线衍射分析表明高压处理不会显著影响水解产物的化学结构,但会降低其结晶度。150 MPa及200 MPa高静水压处理可提升水解产物的热稳定性。本研究建立高静水压辅助牛睾丸透明质酸酶水解高分子量透明质酸的方法,不仅为低分子量透明质酸的制备提供理论支撑,同时为其生物功能活性机制研究奠定重要实验基础。

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2026年第47卷第6期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090163
  • 接收时间:2025-09-05
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-05
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    1东北农业大学食品学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150030
    2黑龙江省绿色食品科学研究院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150028

通讯作者:

韩建春(1973−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:副产物综合利用,E-mail:。
刘丹怡(1990−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:副产物综合利用,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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