Article(id=1320886637521907787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883859747615068, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030414, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743436800000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792853515272, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1773504000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792853515272, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792853515272, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792853515272, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883859747615068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='505', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773504000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852852999, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852852999, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=171, endPage=180, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320886639480647756, articleId=1320886637521907787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Screening and Functional Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria for Alleviating Hyperuricemia in the Intestine of Trachemys scripta elegans, columnId=1261336275769016441, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Bioengineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to screen lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with uric acid-regulating potential from the gut microbiota of Trachemys scripta elegans and systematically evaluate their functional characteristics. The selective culture medium with uric acid as the sole carbon and nitrogen source was established for primary screening, combined with in vitro uric acid (UA) degradation activity test and xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibition experiment for secondary screening. Finally, two dominant strains were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing, and their functional characteristics were characterized. Results demonstrated that strains Enterococcus hirae YL-3 and Enterococcus durans YL-8 exhibited UA degradation rates of 83.83% and 85.48%, respectively, along with XOD inhibition rates of 71.72% and 65.79%, indicating significant hypouricemic potential. Additionally, strain YL-3 exhibited excellent fermentation and probiotic characteristics. In media with 6% NaCl, it achieved an OD600 of 0.76, outperforming the blank group's 0.55 (P<0.05). It also showed a survival rate of 75.46% under pH3.0 conditions and 99.53% in the presence of 0.3% bile salts; Its autoaggregation rate was 89.38%. Strain YL-8 demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, with its fermentation supernatant achieving DPPH·, ABTS+·, and ·OH scavenging rates of 60.22%, 93.66%, and 99.25%, respectively. In this study, LAB with high uric acid degradation ability and xanthine oxidase activity were isolated from the intestine of Trachemys scripta elegans for the first time, which provided theoretical basis for developing probiotic preparation to alleviate hyperuricemia.

, authors=Siyu LIU1, Rongping BU2, Jiaming HUANG1, Yuhao LIAO2, Ping SHI1, *, Yuansen LIU1, *, authorsList=Siyu LIU, Rongping BU, Jiaming HUANG, Yuhao LIAO, Ping SHI, Yuansen LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ping SHI, Yuansen LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320886643796586587, articleId=1320886637521907787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=红耳龟肠道缓解高尿酸血症的乳酸菌筛选及其功能特性研究, columnId=1261336277547401341, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=生物工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在从红耳龟肠道微生物中筛选具有尿酸调节潜力的乳酸菌,并系统评估其功能特性。通过建立以尿酸为唯一碳氮源的选择性培养基进行初筛,结合体外尿酸降解活性测试及黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制实验进行复筛,最终经16S rDNA测序鉴定获得两株优势菌株,并对菌株的功能特性进行表征。结果表明:菌株Enterococcus hirae YL-3和Enterococcus durans YL-8对尿酸的降解率达到83.83%和85.48%;对黄嘌呤氧化酶的抑制率分别为71.72%和65.79%,均具有良好的降尿酸潜力。此外,菌株YL-3展现良好的发酵特性、益生特性:在6% NaCl的培养基中的OD600为0.76,显著高于空白组的0.55(P<0.05);在pH3.0条件下的存活率为75.46%;在0.3%胆盐条件下的存活率为99.53%;自聚集率为89.38%。菌株YL-8展现良好抗氧化活性:其发酵上清液对DPPH·、ABTS+·和·OH的清除率分别为60.22%、93.66%和99.25%。本研究首次从红耳龟肠道中分离获得具有高效尿酸降解能力和抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶活性的乳酸菌,为开发缓解高尿酸血症的益生菌制剂提供理论依据。

, authors=刘思雨1, 卜荣平2, 黄家铭1, 廖宇浩2, 时萍1, *, 刘远森1, *, authorsList=刘思雨, 卜荣平, 黄家铭, 廖宇浩, 时萍, 刘远森, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=时萍, 刘远森, authorNote=

刘思雨(2006−),女,本科,研究方向:益生菌资源开发与利用,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
时萍(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:益生菌资源开发与利用,E-mail:。
刘远森(1998−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:淀粉质资源开发与利用,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=SmHeLlfqDfPtJP1xtCXIVg==, magXml=x+e9/39kHacFYCQ6Vc6/iA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=zRlbqEh2hl4gCufZ+5Aalg==, pdfFileSize=2337858, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=ZOhejozIFbbHPMg4ietZ2Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=865p5b7ZHldD4KM+M2nFOA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320886645600137315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886637521907787, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=15549684792@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320886645881155685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886637521907787, authorId=1320886645600137315, language=EN, stringName=Siyu LIU, firstName=Siyu, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Product Healthy Aquaculture and Green Processing, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Marine Food Nutrition and Processing Technology Innovation, Guangxi College and University Key Laboratory of High-value Utilization of Seafood and Prepared Food in Beibu Gulf, College of Food Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320886646187339879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886637521907787, authorId=1320886645600137315, language=CN, stringName=刘思雨, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1北部湾海产健康养殖与绿色加工实验室,广西壮族自治区海洋食品营养与加工技术创新工程研究中心,广西高校北部湾海产品高值化利用与预制食品重点实验室,北部湾大学食品工程学院,广西钦州 535011, bio={"content":"

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Foods, 2020, 9(8): 985., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886659772690653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886637521907787, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=60, rfOrder=67, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIN D X, JIN Y X, ZHANG W, et al. Exploring Jiangshui-originated probiotic lactic acid bacteria as starter cultures: Functional properties and fermentation performances in pear juice[J]. Food Bioscience, 2024, 61: 104982., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886661433635038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886637521907787, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=61, rfOrder=68, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG T, YANG J, TANG K, et al. Antioxidative properties analysis of gastrointestinal lactic acid bacteria in Hainan black goat and its effect on the aerobic stability of total mixed ration[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2022, 13: 974925., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320886644945825884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886637521907787, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886644966797405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886637521907787, companyId=1320886644945825884, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Product Healthy Aquaculture and Green Processing, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Marine Food Nutrition and Processing Technology Innovation, Guangxi College and University Key Laboratory of High-value Utilization of Seafood and Prepared Food in Beibu Gulf, College of Food Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886644991963230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886637521907787, companyId=1320886644945825884, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北部湾海产健康养殖与绿色加工实验室,广西壮族自治区海洋食品营养与加工技术创新工程研究中心,广西高校北部湾海产品高值化利用与预制食品重点实验室,北部湾大学食品工程学院,广西钦州 535011)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320886645411393631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886637521907787, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886645423976544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886637521907787, companyId=1320886645411393631, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2College of Marine Science, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886645461725281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886637521907787, companyId=1320886645411393631, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2北部湾大学海洋学院,广西钦州 535011)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320886649836384394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886637521907787, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Degradation phenomenon of strains on a medium with uric acid as the sole carbon and nitrogen source, figureFileSmall=V4mW3mB0+ibEiiwe8P9HVg==, figureFileBig=ZOhejozIFbbHPMg4ietZ2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886649911881867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886637521907787, language=CN, label=图1, caption=菌株在以尿酸为唯一碳氮源培养基的降解现象, figureFileSmall=V4mW3mB0+ibEiiwe8P9HVg==, figureFileBig=ZOhejozIFbbHPMg4ietZ2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886650104819852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886637521907787, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Screening of strain in degrading UA, figureFileSmall=uppB2bMpogqZfk7NfAqIng==, figureFileBig=Qcu9o1ikMfTAHFKl7UdVbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886650192900237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886637521907787, language=CN, label=图2, caption=筛选具有尿酸降解能力的菌株

注:(A)菌株培养24 h后的UA降解率;(B)菌株培养48 h后的UA降解率。具有相同字母的菌株之间的差异不显著,而分配不同字母的菌株存在显著差异,P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=uppB2bMpogqZfk7NfAqIng==, figureFileBig=Qcu9o1ikMfTAHFKl7UdVbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886650251620494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886637521907787, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Inhibition rate of strain supernatant on XOD, figureFileSmall=Gbq/ZNpX1n08znEkUdjtKQ==, figureFileBig=LAPWP4NpsWjcZUav5n43NA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886650335506575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886637521907787, language=CN, label=图3, caption=菌株上清液对XOD的抑制作用

注:不同字母的菌株存在显著差异,P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=Gbq/ZNpX1n08znEkUdjtKQ==, figureFileBig=LAPWP4NpsWjcZUav5n43NA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886650406809744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886637521907787, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Gram staining and phylogenetic tree identification results of the strain, figureFileSmall=YUkAaZkov0Z3befXPetWHw==, figureFileBig=3hSxTQ4zhsQb1h7FRIDORQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886650499084433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886637521907787, language=CN, label=图4, caption=菌株的革兰氏染色及系统发育树鉴定结果

注:(A)YL-3菌株的革兰氏染色图;(B)YL-8菌株的革兰氏染色图;(C)YL-3菌株的系统发育树;(D)YL-8菌株的系统发育树。比例尺设定为0.01,代表位点间的核苷酸替代频率。该系统发育树通过MEGA11软件采用邻接法构建。树上节点标注的数值代表基于1000次重复实验的Bootstrap支持率(以百分比形式表示)。进化距离的计算采用了最大复合似然法。所用的参考序列均来源于GenBank数据库。

, figureFileSmall=YUkAaZkov0Z3befXPetWHw==, figureFileBig=3hSxTQ4zhsQb1h7FRIDORQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886650578776210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886637521907787, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Fermentation characteristics of LAB, figureFileSmall=/mQKiMwV4zEbS+2m47dl6g==, figureFileBig=oxOOqFz5t/Wqolsw3NVBfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886650650079379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886637521907787, language=CN, label=图5, caption=LAB的发酵特性

注:(A)菌株生长及产酸曲线;(B)菌株耐盐和耐亚硝酸盐24 h后OD600值;*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001,n.s表示无显著差异。

, figureFileSmall=/mQKiMwV4zEbS+2m47dl6g==, figureFileBig=oxOOqFz5t/Wqolsw3NVBfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886650742354068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886637521907787, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Probiotic characteristics of LAB, figureFileSmall=ritGHQmx3KzrJTnTwQYe8w==, figureFileBig=2Y/Rp/mujcAniU961O1srA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886650813657237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886637521907787, language=CN, label=图6, caption=LAB的益生特性

注:(A)LAB在pH3.0和0.3%胆盐的存活率;(B)自聚集率。具有相同字母的菌株之间的差异不显著,而分配不同字母的菌株存在显著差异,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001,n.s表示无显著差异。

, figureFileSmall=ritGHQmx3KzrJTnTwQYe8w==, figureFileBig=2Y/Rp/mujcAniU961O1srA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886652482990230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886637521907787, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Scavenging rates of LAB strains BS and FS against different free radicals (DPPH·, ABTS+· and ·OH), figureFileSmall=dPIIh0EyRXUf2rE1Z5kPbA==, figureFileBig=x0O5Nz3q8mhNh82aLIsGAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886652562682007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886637521907787, language=CN, label=图7, caption=LAB发酵上清液和菌液对不同自由基(DPPH·、ABTS+·和·OH)的清除率

注:*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001,n.s表示无显著差异。

, figureFileSmall=dPIIh0EyRXUf2rE1Z5kPbA==, figureFileBig=x0O5Nz3q8mhNh82aLIsGAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886652633985176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886637521907787, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Reaction system for detecting XOD inhibition rate

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别样液体积(µL)
PBS(pH7)XOD别嘌呤醇上清液黄嘌呤
样品组212100208
阳性组212102008
空白组23210008
), ArticleFig(id=1320886652713676953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886637521907787, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

XOD抑制率实验的反应体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别样液体积(µL)
PBS(pH7)XOD别嘌呤醇上清液黄嘌呤
样品组212100208
阳性组212102008
空白组23210008
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红耳龟肠道缓解高尿酸血症的乳酸菌筛选及其功能特性研究
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刘思雨 1 , 卜荣平 2 , 黄家铭 1 , 廖宇浩 2 , 时萍 1, * , 刘远森 1, *
食品工业科技 | 生物工程 2026,47(6): 171-180
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食品工业科技 |生物工程 2026 , 47 (6) : 171 -180
红耳龟肠道缓解高尿酸血症的乳酸菌筛选及其功能特性研究
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刘思雨1 , 卜荣平2, 黄家铭1, 廖宇浩2, 时萍1, * , 刘远森1, *
作者信息
  • 1北部湾海产健康养殖与绿色加工实验室,广西壮族自治区海洋食品营养与加工技术创新工程研究中心,广西高校北部湾海产品高值化利用与预制食品重点实验室,北部湾大学食品工程学院,广西钦州 535011
  • 2北部湾大学海洋学院,广西钦州 535011
通讯作者:
时萍(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:益生菌资源开发与利用,E-mail:。
刘远森(1998−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:淀粉质资源开发与利用,E-mail:。
作者简介:

刘思雨(2006−),女,本科,研究方向:益生菌资源开发与利用,E-mail:

Screening and Functional Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria for Alleviating Hyperuricemia in the Intestine of Trachemys scripta elegans
Siyu LIU1 , Rongping BU2, Jiaming HUANG1, Yuhao LIAO2, Ping SHI1, * , Yuansen LIU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Product Healthy Aquaculture and Green Processing, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Marine Food Nutrition and Processing Technology Innovation, Guangxi College and University Key Laboratory of High-value Utilization of Seafood and Prepared Food in Beibu Gulf, College of Food Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
  • 2College of Marine Science, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
出版时间: 2026-03-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030414
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本研究旨在从红耳龟肠道微生物中筛选具有尿酸调节潜力的乳酸菌,并系统评估其功能特性。通过建立以尿酸为唯一碳氮源的选择性培养基进行初筛,结合体外尿酸降解活性测试及黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制实验进行复筛,最终经16S rDNA测序鉴定获得两株优势菌株,并对菌株的功能特性进行表征。结果表明:菌株Enterococcus hirae YL-3和Enterococcus durans YL-8对尿酸的降解率达到83.83%和85.48%;对黄嘌呤氧化酶的抑制率分别为71.72%和65.79%,均具有良好的降尿酸潜力。此外,菌株YL-3展现良好的发酵特性、益生特性:在6% NaCl的培养基中的OD600为0.76,显著高于空白组的0.55(P<0.05);在pH3.0条件下的存活率为75.46%;在0.3%胆盐条件下的存活率为99.53%;自聚集率为89.38%。菌株YL-8展现良好抗氧化活性:其发酵上清液对DPPH·、ABTS+·和·OH的清除率分别为60.22%、93.66%和99.25%。本研究首次从红耳龟肠道中分离获得具有高效尿酸降解能力和抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶活性的乳酸菌,为开发缓解高尿酸血症的益生菌制剂提供理论依据。

红耳龟  /  乳酸菌  /  尿酸降解  /  黄嘌呤氧化酶  /  益生特性

This study aimed to screen lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with uric acid-regulating potential from the gut microbiota of Trachemys scripta elegans and systematically evaluate their functional characteristics. The selective culture medium with uric acid as the sole carbon and nitrogen source was established for primary screening, combined with in vitro uric acid (UA) degradation activity test and xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibition experiment for secondary screening. Finally, two dominant strains were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing, and their functional characteristics were characterized. Results demonstrated that strains Enterococcus hirae YL-3 and Enterococcus durans YL-8 exhibited UA degradation rates of 83.83% and 85.48%, respectively, along with XOD inhibition rates of 71.72% and 65.79%, indicating significant hypouricemic potential. Additionally, strain YL-3 exhibited excellent fermentation and probiotic characteristics. In media with 6% NaCl, it achieved an OD600 of 0.76, outperforming the blank group's 0.55 (P<0.05). It also showed a survival rate of 75.46% under pH3.0 conditions and 99.53% in the presence of 0.3% bile salts; Its autoaggregation rate was 89.38%. Strain YL-8 demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, with its fermentation supernatant achieving DPPH·, ABTS+·, and ·OH scavenging rates of 60.22%, 93.66%, and 99.25%, respectively. In this study, LAB with high uric acid degradation ability and xanthine oxidase activity were isolated from the intestine of Trachemys scripta elegans for the first time, which provided theoretical basis for developing probiotic preparation to alleviate hyperuricemia.

Trachemys scripta elegans  /  lactic acid bacteria  /  uric acid degradation  /  xanthine oxidase  /  probiotic characteristics
刘思雨, 卜荣平, 黄家铭, 廖宇浩, 时萍, 刘远森. 红耳龟肠道缓解高尿酸血症的乳酸菌筛选及其功能特性研究. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (6) : 171 -180 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030414
Siyu LIU, Rongping BU, Jiaming HUANG, Yuhao LIAO, Ping SHI, Yuansen LIU. Screening and Functional Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria for Alleviating Hyperuricemia in the Intestine of Trachemys scripta elegans[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (6) : 171 -180 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030414
尿酸(Uric acid,UA)是人体嘌呤代谢的最终产物,在抗氧化、减少炎症和神经保护等方面发挥重要作用,在人体内通过肾脏和肠道代谢以维持动态平衡[1−3]。然而,尿酸代谢异常会引发高尿酸血症、痛风以及高血压等多种代谢疾病[4−5]。据统计,全球高尿酸血症和痛风患者人数已超过10亿,且发病率逐年上升,患者群体呈现年轻化趋势[6−7]。目前,临床药物如别嘌呤醇、非布司他等能有效降低尿酸水平,但存在皮疹、肝毒性等不良反应[8−9]。因此,探索安全、健康的尿酸调控方法已成为当前研究的热点。
乳酸菌(Lactic acid bacteria,LAB)因其安全性高、副作用小而受到广泛关注,并已被用作益生菌以发挥抗炎作用[10]、营养代谢[11−13]以及肠道菌群结构的调整[14]。近年来,研究发现特定的乳酸菌菌株能够参与尿酸降解、抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶活性,从而缓解高尿酸血症。例如,Lactobacillus fermentum JL-3可使高尿酸小鼠血清尿酸降低31.3%[15]。Lacticaseibacillus paracasei JS-3能显著减少高尿酸鹌鹑粪便尿酸含量达49%[16]。此外,Zhao等[17]研究发现,以抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶(Xanthine oxidase,XOD)为指标筛选出的Limosilactobacillus fermentum NCU003018可使高尿酸小鼠血清尿酸降低30.77%。Tan等[18]以抑制XOD为指标筛选出的Weissella cibaria X1可使高尿酸斑马鱼尿酸降低46.55%。这些研究结果表明,LAB在高尿酸血症和痛风的预防与治疗方面具有潜在的应用价值。
值得注意的是,动物肠道来源的乳酸菌因其天然的胃肠道适应性,展现出更优的定植优势。Li等[19]从家禽肠道分离的Lactobacillus aviarius CML180可通过水解嘌呤核苷减少尿酸前体吸收。蚁硕钊等[20]从海洋动物肠道中筛选出的L. fermentum 2Y-15对肌苷、腺苷的降解率为100%,对鸟苷的降解率为98.60%。Fu等[21]从患有高尿酸血症的鹅盲肠中筛选出的Lactobacillus plantarum SQ001通过核苷水解酶基因调控有效降低小鼠血尿酸水平。
目前,有药理学研究发现,含龟板成分的龟龄露酒可通过多靶点作用降低尿酸水平[22],但针对龟类肠道微生物的尿酸调控潜力尚未见报道。红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)作为典型入侵物种[23],其强大的环境适应性可能与独特的肠道微生物群相关。前期研究发现盐度胁迫会显著改变红耳龟体内尿酸水平,提示其肠道菌群可能在尿酸代谢调节中发挥关键作用[24]。基于此,本研究提出假设:红耳龟肠道微生物中可能存在具有降尿酸潜力的菌株。本研究拟通过体外尿酸降解实验和黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制实验,系统筛选红耳龟肠道内容物中的功能乳酸菌,并进一步评估其益生特性、抗氧化特性和发酵特性。研究结果将为开发安全、高效的尿酸调节制品提供理论依据,同时为高尿酸血症的治疗提供新的思路和方向。
红耳龟 钦州市售;MRS琼脂、MRS肉汤 海博生物青岛有限公司;尿酸 分析纯,阿拉丁生化科技上海有限公司;牛胆盐 分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司;硫酸亚铁 分析纯,山东科源生化有限公司;别嘌呤醇、黄嘌呤 分析纯,麦克林生化科技上海有限公司;增强革兰氏染色液、2,2'-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、黄嘌呤氧化酶 分析纯,源叶生物科技上海有限公司;尿酸试剂盒 南京建成生物工程研究所。
Biotek/Synergy H1多功能酶标仪 美国伯腾仪器有限公司;SJ-CJ-2FD超净工作台 苏洁医疗器械江苏有限公司;SPX-250BSH-Ⅱ生化培养箱 新苗医疗器械制造上海有限公司;BSA223S电子分析天平 赛多利斯科学仪器北京有限公司;IS-RSDA台式恒温振荡器 捷美电子苏州有限公司。
将红耳龟在30 ℃的饲养箱中驯化暂养两周后,挑选健康个体进行实验。取红耳龟的大小肠用无菌生理盐水冲洗肠道表面以去除油脂,并将肠道均分为若干段,每段长约3~4 cm。将肠道内容物用生理盐水稀释至10%,制备不同浓度的肠道内容物溶液。随后,将不同浓度的肠道内容物溶液均匀涂布于以尿酸为唯一碳氮源的固体培养基上(尿酸终浓度为11 mmol/L),在37 ℃下培养36 h。观察并标记长势良好且在菌落周围形成透明圈的菌株[15]。挑取标记的菌株接种至MRS液体培养基中,于37 ℃培养36 h,选择浑浊的菌液接种至MRS固体培养基进行进一步筛选。最后,挑取生长良好且符合乳酸菌菌落特征的菌株,用30%甘油保藏。
将筛选出的菌株接种至MRS液体培养基中,37 ℃下分别培养24 h和48 h后收集菌液用于后续实验。菌液在4 ℃条件下8000 r/min离心10 min,收集菌体沉淀,并用1 mL生理盐水洗涤两次。随后,将菌体重悬于0.5 mL含2 mmol/L尿酸的灭菌磷酸盐缓冲液(Phosphate-Buffered Saline,PBS)中,在37 ℃、220 r/min条件下反应12 h。反应结束后,反应液在4 ℃条件下8000 r/min离心10 min收集上清液[15]。采用尿酸试剂盒在510 nm处测吸光度[15]。UA的浓度按以下公式计算:
$\rm C(\text{µ}mol/L) =\frac{\mathrm{A_e}-{A_b}}{\mathrm{A_s}-{A_b}}\times {C_b} $
式中:C表示UA浓度,µmol/L;Ae表示12 µL PBS+8 µL上清液+150 µL反应液;Ab表示20 µL PBS+150 µL反应液;As表示20 µL标准品+150 µL反应液;Cb表示400 µmol/L UA溶液;反应液含有Tris-HCl缓冲液、过氧化酶和尿酸酶。
将1%(v/v)的菌株接种至MRS液体培养基中,于37 ℃培养36 h。经过3次传代后,菌液在4 ℃条件下8000 r/min离心10 min,收集菌体沉淀,用1 mL的生理盐水洗涤2次。弃去上清液后,将菌体重悬于1 mL的PBS(pH7.0)中,在37 ℃、220 r/min条件下孵育48 h。孵育结束后,反应液在4 ℃条件下8000 r/min离心10 min,收集上清液用于分析XOD抑制活性。酶促反应体系按表1配制,分别在反应开始0 min和10 min时于293 nm波长处测定吸光度[17]。XOD的抑制率按以下公式计算:
$\rm XOD的抑制率(\text{%}) =\left(1-\frac{\mathrm{A_s}-{A_{s0}}}{\mathrm{A_b}-{A_{b0}}}\right)\times 100 $
式中:As表示10 min后样品/阳性组(别嘌呤醇)的吸光度;As0表示0 min时样品/阳性组的吸光度;Ab表示10 min时空白组的吸光度;Ab0表示0 min时空白组的吸光度。
将培养好的菌液转移至载玻片上制片后,滴加结晶紫染液并保持1 min,后用蒸馏水冲洗并晾干。滴加碘液进行媒染,保持1 min,后用蒸馏水冲洗并晾干。滴加无水乙醇进行脱色,保持20 s,用蒸馏水冲洗并晾干。最后滴加番红进行复染,保持1 min后,用蒸馏水冲洗并晾干。在光学显微镜下(放大倍数:1000×)观察并记录实验现象[25]。
使用细菌DNA提取试剂盒提取待测菌株的基因组DNA,并采用细菌通用引物27 F(5′-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3′)和1492 R(5′-AAGGAGGTGATCCAGCCGCA-3′)扩增16S rDNA序列。扩增产物由中国上海生工生物科技有限公司进行测序。随后,利用NCBI数据库(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)中的BLAST算法鉴定分离株[26]。基于16S rDNA序列的差异分析菌株间的遗传多样性,并运用MEGA 11软件构建系统发育树。
将待测菌种按1%(v/v)接种量接种至MRS液体培养基中,在0、2、4、6、8、10、12和14 h取样在600 nm处测吸光度,以未接种乳酸菌的MRS培养基为空白绘制菌株的生长曲线。同时采用pH计检测MRS液体培养基的pH,绘制产酸曲线。
将菌株按1%(v/v)的接种量接种在6% NaCl的MRS液体培养基中,在37 ℃下培养24 h,取样在600 nm处测吸光度[27]。实验以空白MRS液体培养基为空白,分析目的菌株的耐盐特性。
将菌株按1%(v/v)的接种量接种于添加150 mg/L的NaNO2的MRS液体培养基,在37 ℃培养24 h,取样在600 nm处测吸光度。实验以空白MRS液体培养基为空白,分析目的菌株对亚硝酸盐的耐受能力。
取1.0×109 CFU/mL活化菌株500 µL接种到1 mL MRS液体培养基(pH3.0)中,37 ℃培养[28]。在0 h和3 h取样,采用稀释涂布法测定活菌数。以接种常规的MRS液体培养基为对照(pH6.5),比较目的菌在酸性条件下的存活能力。
$\rm 菌株的存活率(\text{%}) =\frac{{\mathrm{C}}_{3\;\mathrm{h}}}{{\mathrm{C}}_{0\;\mathrm{h}}}\times 100 $
式中:C3 h表示培养3 h后菌落数;C0 h表示0 h菌落数。
取1.0×109 CFU/mL活化好的菌株500 µL接种到牛胆盐含量为0.3%的1 mL MRS液体培养基中,37 ℃培养[28]。在0 h和3 h取样,采用稀释涂布法测定活菌数。以接种常规MRS液体培养基为对照,比较目的菌在胆盐条件下的存活能力。
将菌株以1%(v/v)的接种量接种在MRS培养基在37 ℃条件下培养24 h后,5000 r/min离心10 min,弃去上清液,菌体用PBS(pH7.2)洗涤2次,重悬于PBS缓冲液。用PBS缓冲液将菌体数调整到0.5(600 nm)的吸光度并涡旋(3000 r/min)混合10 s获得待测溶液。取待测溶液分别静置2、4和6 h后在600 nm波长下测定吸光度,分别记为At1、At2和At3。菌株的自聚集率通过以下公式计算:
$ 自聚集率(\text{%}) =\left(1-\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{t}}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{0}}\right)\times 100 $
式中:At表示静置t h时重悬液的吸光度;A0表示静置前重悬液的吸光度。
将菌株以1%(v/v)的接种量接种于MRS培养基中,于37 ℃培养24 h,连续传代3次后,以10000 r/min离心10 min,收集上清液作为发酵上清液(Fermentation supernatant,FS)。菌体沉淀用生理盐水洗涤两次,重悬于生理盐水中,并将菌体浓度调整至OD600=1.0,作为菌体悬液(Bacterial suspension,BS)[29]。FS和BS为抗氧化活性实验的待测溶液。
将1 mL待测溶液和1 mL DPPH溶液(0.2 mmol/L无水乙醇),室温下避光反应30 min,在4 ℃条件下8000 r/min离心10 min,收集上清液,517 nm处测吸光度变化[29]。按以下公式计算DPPH自由基清除率:
$\rm DPPH自由基清除率(\text{%}) =\left(1-\frac{\mathrm{A_s}-\mathrm{A}}{\mathrm{A}_0}\right)\times 100 $
式中:As表示样品吸光度,A表示加入乙醇代替DPPH自由基溶液的反应吸光度,A0表示加入等体积PBS代替样品溶液的反应吸光度。
通过混合ABTS溶液(7 mmol/L)和过硫酸钾溶液(2.45 mmol/L)来制成ABTS储备液,在避光条件下静置12~16 h后将该溶液用无水乙醇稀释至0.7(734 nm)的吸光度制成ABTS工作液。将0.15 mL待测溶液与2 mL ABTS工作液混匀,室温避光反应6 min后,在4 ℃条件下8000 r/min离心10 min,收集上清液,在734 nm处测定吸光度[30]。按以下公式计算ABTS+自由基清除率:
$\rm ABTS^+自由基清除率(\text{%}) =\left(1-\frac{\mathrm{A}_{\text{sample}}}{\mathrm{A}_{\text{blank}}}\right)\times 100 $
式中:Asample 表示0.15 mL样品+2 mL ABTS工作液;Ablank表示用同体积的蒸馏水替换样品。
向2 mL待测溶液加入1 mL的5 mmol/L硫酸亚铁溶液、5 mmol/L水杨酸-乙醇溶液和3 mmol/L H2O2。混合物在37 ℃水浴20 min后,在4 ℃条件下8000 r/min离心10 min,收集上清液,在510 nm处测吸光度。按以下公式计算·OH自由基清除率[29]:
$\rm \cdot OH自由基清除率(\text{%}) =\left(1-\frac{\mathrm{A}_1-\mathrm{A}_{10}}{\mathrm{A}_0}\right)\times 100 $
式中:A1表示样品组的吸光度;A10表示H2O2溶液被同体积纯水代替的吸光度;A0表示样品被同体积纯水代替的吸光度。
所有实验进行三次独立的重复实验,数据以三次独立实验的平均数值±标准偏差(SD)来呈现。使用IBM SPSS Statistics 26对数据的单因素方差进行分析(ANOVA),以评估统计学意义,其中P<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。使用Origin 2024进行绘图。本文图中同一指标的不同字母代表样品间具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。
在以尿酸作为唯一碳源和氮源的选择性培养基中,培养基表面可见若干菌落并具有明显的透明圈(图1)。菌落周围形成的透明圈表明菌株在利用尿酸进行生长和代谢过程中产生了降解作用[31]。透明圈的大小和清晰度反映了不同菌株对尿酸的降解能力[32]。挑取出表面光滑湿润,呈乳白色不透明光泽的8株菌株扩大培养进一步研究,并分别记名为YL-1、YL-2、YL-3、YL-4、YL-5、YL-6、YL-7和YL-8。
在本研究中,从红耳龟肠道中筛选出的菌株在24 h(图2A)和48 h(图2B)培养后对尿酸的降解能力进行了评估。在24 h培养后,YL-3、YL-5、YL-8菌株表现出较好的降解率,分别为21.55%±0.23%、21.39%±0.74%和23.35%±1.29%,显著高于其他菌株的降解率(P<0.05)。此外,菌株YL-3、YL-8在48 h内降解率较高,降解率分别为83.83%±2.54%和85.48%±4.64%,显著高于其他菌株(P<0.05)。这些结果表明,YL-3和YL-8菌株表现出了优异的降尿酸能力。在Wu等[16]的报告中,Lb. fermentum JS-3在72 h的UA降解率为16.11%。在Wu等[15]的报告中,L. fermentum JL-3 24 h的UA降解率为40.90%。本文的研究趋势与之一致。本研究中的YL-3和YL-8菌株在较短的时间内实现了较高的尿酸降解率,这可能与红耳龟独特的生理特性和肠道微生物群落结构密切相关[33]。基于上述结果,后续实验将选择具有优异降尿酸潜力的菌株YL-3和YL-8进行重点研究。
XOD是参与肝脏UA产生的关键酶,具有催化氧化黄嘌呤和次黄嘌呤生成UA作用[34]。本研究发现,YL-3和YL-8菌株对XOD活性具有显著抑制作用,抑制率分别为71.72%±3.50%、65.79%±2.46%,未出现显著差异(P>0.05)(图3)。尽管两菌株间未呈现统计学差异,但其抑制效果显著高于文献报道的乳酸菌株,包括Limosilactobacillus fermentum NCU003018(30.77%)[17]、Weissella cibaria X1(57.77%)[18]及Lactobacillus reuteri NCUF203.1(40.46%)[35]。本研究中阳性对照别嘌呤醇的抑制率为94.14%±4.09%,与菌体上清液处理组存在显著性差异(P<0.05),此趋势与王家彬等[36]及呼静等[37]研究结果一致。进一步分析表明,乳酸菌的XOD抑制效应可能与其分泌的活性成分相关。首先,上清液中的有机酸类物质(如乳酸、乙酸)可直接干扰XOD活性位点,这与崔方超等[38]提出的结论相吻合。此外,乳酸菌菌株可以通过分泌超氧化物歧化酶清除XOD催化反应产生的超氧阴离子自由基,同时依赖谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和过氧化氢分解H2O2,从而阻断活性氧对XOD的正反馈激活通路[39],这可能也是本研究中乳酸菌上清液表现良好XOD抑制作用的重要原因。
革兰氏染色根据菌株的细胞壁结构的不同常用于分析菌株的分类与鉴定,属于微生物分类学中快速鉴定的一种重要方法[25]。革兰氏染色结果显示,YL-3(图4A)和YL-8(图4B)菌株均呈紫色,表明其为革兰氏阳性菌。两株菌形态为球状,呈簇状或链状排列,染色较深,符合LAB的菌株形态特征。进一步通过16S rDNA基因测序及NCBI BLAST比对,YL-3(图4C)和YL-8(图4D)与肠球菌属(Enterococcus sp.)具有高度的序列相似性,最终鉴定为乳酸菌:Enterococcus hirae YL-3和Enterococcus durans YL-8。目前,在降尿酸乳酸菌的研究领域中,常见的优势菌株多集中于植物乳杆菌(L. plantarum)[21,40−41]、罗伊氏乳杆菌(L. reuteri)[28,35,37]、发酵乳杆菌(L. fermentum)[17,42−43]以及格氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus gasseri)[44−45]等菌种。本研究从红耳龟肠道中成功鉴定出E. hirae YL-3和E. durans YL-8两株具有显著降尿酸潜力的肠球菌菌株,拓宽了降尿酸乳酸菌的菌种研究来源。
生长曲线测定是评估微生物生长动力学特性的重要方法,可反映菌株在不同培养阶段的活力变化。本研究对菌株YL-3和YL-8的生长动态及产酸能力进行了分析(图5A)。如图5A所示,两株菌的生长曲线均呈现典型的S型趋势,符合微生物群体生长的基本规律,可明确划分为延滞期、对数期、稳定期和衰亡期。在0~2 h的培养初期,菌株处于延滞期,细胞代谢活跃但增殖缓慢;2~8 h进入对数生长期,菌体生物量(OD600值)呈指数增长,表明该阶段菌株代谢旺盛,繁殖速率达到峰值;培养8 h后,生长速率逐渐减缓并进入稳定期,最终OD600值均超过0.7,其中YL-8的最大生物量显著高于YL-3(P<0.05),表明其具有更优的生长适应性。产酸能力是评价乳酸菌代谢活性的关键指标,直接影响其发酵性能。如图5A所示,两株菌在发酵过程中均表现出较强的产酸能力,发酵液pH随培养时间呈现先快速下降后趋于稳定的变化趋势。在2~8 h的对数生长期,由于菌体大量增殖及乳酸等有机酸的积累,pH急剧下降,其中6~8 h的产酸速率达到最大值,表明该阶段菌株代谢活性最为旺盛。培养14 h后,发酵液pH稳定在4.52~4.54之间,且两株菌间无显著差异(P>0.05),说明二者均具备良好的产酸稳定性,能够有效降低环境pH,从而抑制杂菌生长并维持发酵体系的稳定性。
在高盐发酵食品生产过程中,微生物需具备较强的耐盐性以适应高渗透压环境。本研究测定了菌株YL-3和YL-8在含6% NaCl的培养基中的生长情况(图5B)。培养24 h后,YL-3与YL-8的OD600值分别为0.76和0.83,显著高于对照组的0.55和0.49(P<0.001),表明其在高盐条件下仍能维持较高的代谢活性,具备良好的耐盐适应能力。亚硝酸盐常作为肉制品发酵中的发色剂和防腐剂,亚硝酸盐耐受性是筛选发酵剂菌株的另一重要标准。如图5B所示,在含150 mg/L亚硝酸钠的培养基中,YL-3实验组与空白组的生长量无显著差异(P>0.05),说明该菌株对亚硝酸盐具有较强的耐受性;相比之下,YL-8菌株的OD600值显著降低0.103(P<0.001),表明其亚硝酸盐耐受能力较弱。以上结果表明,YL-3比YL-8在亚硝酸盐降解能力方面更具有应用潜力。
益生菌的酸耐受性和胆盐耐受性是其发挥功能的关键特性。胃部高酸性环境(pH2.5~3.5)作用可导致菌体表面蛋白变性,从而降低存活率[46]。肠道胆盐(0.03%~0.3%)的高渗透压环境也是益生菌在肠道发挥重要作用的一个挑战[47−48]。本研究待测菌株的酸耐受和胆盐耐受结果如图6A所示。菌株YL-3和YL-8在pH3.0条件下分别表现出73.78%±1.68%和72.15%±0.80%的存活率,均超过70%,表明二者均具备良好的耐酸性,且无显著差异(P>0.05)。在0.3%胆盐条件下,菌株YL-3和YL-8的存活率分别达98.90%±0.63%和92.13%±0.58%,均高于90%,且YL-3显著优于YL-8(P<0.05)。在Rao等[35]的研究中,当胆盐浓度增加到0.3%时,没有乳酸菌的存活。在王惋等[49]的研究中,L. plantarum A15在0.3%胆盐环境中存活率为67%左右。在Wang等[50]的研究中,Lactobacillus paracasei LAB36胆盐耐受性为49.90%。菌株YL-3和YL-8优异的耐胆盐能力可能是由于其具有一定的胆盐水解酶,其中有助于水解共轭胆盐,以减轻细胞上的毒素[51]。自聚集能力是评估益生菌黏附性和定植潜力的重要指标,高自聚集性不仅有助于菌株在肠道定植,还能竞争性抑制病原菌的黏附[52]。本研究结果如图6B所示,随着时间的推移,菌株的自聚集能力越强。2 h时,YL-3和YL-8的自聚集能力分别为57.19%±5.93%和78.96%±3.50%,且YL-8显著高于YL-3(P<0.01);4 h时,YL-3和YL-8的自聚集能力分别为82.12%±1.49%和82.31%±6.48%;6 h时YL-3和YL-8的自聚集能力分别为88.91%±0.47%和90.48%±1.99%。在Yin等[40]的研究中,乳酸菌的自聚集能力与静置时间呈正相关,本文结果表现趋势与之相同。
抗氧化能力是益生菌发挥健康效益的重要功能特性,其通过预防、阻断或减轻氧化损伤过程实现生理作用[53−54]。本研究通过DPPH·、ABTS+·及·OH清除实验评估了两株乳酸菌的体外抗氧化活性。DPPH·清除率是评价乳酸菌体外抗氧化活性的重要指标之一[55]。结果表明,YL-3和YL-8的细菌悬浮液(BS)清除率均低于10%,而发酵上清液(FS)的清除率显著提升,分别为35.79%±2.15%(YL-3)和59.22%±1.00%(YL-8),且YL-8的活性显著高于YL-3(P<0.001)(图7)。ABTS+·能攻击生物分子,造成细胞损伤,也是常用的抗氧化方法之一[56]。YL-3和YL-8的BS对ABTS+·清除率为39.95%±2.01%和42.93%±1.91%;YL-3和YL-8的FS对ABTS+·清除率为93.59%±0.22%和93.44%±0.22%(图7)。·OH自由基具有很强的氧化能力,是最具破坏性的活性氧,会导致生物分子氧化损伤,因而对羟自由基的清除能力成为研究菌株抗氧化活性的重要指标之一[57]。YL-3和YL-8的BS对·OH清除率为31.94%±0.71%和33.93%±0.72%;YL-3和YL-8的FS对·OH清除率为97.91%±0.29%和98.63%±0.62%(图7)。这2株菌的·OH清除率高于L. plantarum SCH1的71.6%和Pediococcus pentosaceus BAL6的63.32%[58]。基于以上结果,YL-8菌株表现出更优的抗氧化活性。与菌株的BS相比,FS对DPPH·、ABTS+·和·OH的清除能力更强。这一结果与之前的结果一致,LAB的FS对自由基的清除率更强[59−61]。这可能是由于在发酵过程中FS富含LAB产生的胞外多糖、酶类和多肽等,这些成分都具备显著的抗氧化活性[61]。研究发现超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶、谷胱甘肽和褪黑激素等分子在清除自由基方面起着至关重要的作用,并且这些分子是在FS组分中产生的[60]。
本研究以尿酸为唯一碳氮源固体培养基,从红耳龟肠道中筛选出两株具有尿酸降解能力和黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制活性的菌株,经革兰氏染色和16S rDNA测序鉴定为E. hirae YL-3和E. durans YL-8。这两株菌具有良好的耐酸、耐胆盐和自聚集能力。此外,菌株展现出良好的发酵特性,包括产酸、耐盐和耐亚硝酸盐能力。同时,菌株的发酵上清液对DPPH·、ABTS+·和·OH具有优异的清除作用。基于上述结果,E. hirae YL-3和E. durans YL-8展现出缓解高尿酸血症的应用潜力。后续研究可通过体内实验阐明其作用机制,为其在功能性食品和药物开发中的应用提供理论支撑和技术指导。

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2026年第47卷第6期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030414
  • 接收时间:2025-04-01
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-01
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    1北部湾海产健康养殖与绿色加工实验室,广西壮族自治区海洋食品营养与加工技术创新工程研究中心,广西高校北部湾海产品高值化利用与预制食品重点实验室,北部湾大学食品工程学院,广西钦州 535011
    2北部湾大学海洋学院,广西钦州 535011

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时萍(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:益生菌资源开发与利用,E-mail:。
刘远森(1998−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:淀粉质资源开发与利用,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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