Article(id=1320886588297564793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320882506312826993, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040375, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745942400000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792853503535, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1778774400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792853503535, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792853503535, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792853503535, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320882506312826993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='525', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778774400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852530314, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852530314, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=185, endPage=194, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320886588586971770, articleId=1320886588297564793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Antibacterial Effects of Nisin and Chive Seed Extract on Staphylococcus aureus, columnId=1261336275769016441, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Bioengineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effects of Nisin combined with chive seed extract (CSE) against Staphylococcus aureus and their effect on the quality attributes of strawberries and pasteurized milk during storage. The agar well diffusion assay was employed to assess the antibacterial activity of Nisin and CSE against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. Additionally, the antibacterial efficacy of Nisin and CSE against S. aureus was further investigated by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) content. Meanwhile, the effects of Nisin and CSE on the quality of the two food products were further investigated by determining the titratable acidity of pasteurized milk and strawberries during storage, as well as the weight loss and DPPH radical scavenging activity of strawberries and the protein content of pasteurized milk. The results demonstrated that the combination of Nisin and CSE exhibited synergistic antibacterial effect against S. aureus. The ROS levels of S. aureus were significantly reduced by 18.64% and 39.70% in Nisin+CSE group compared to Nisin and CSE groups, respectively (P<0.05). EPS content in S. aureus was remarkably decreased by 17.87% and 32.57% in Nisin+CSE group compared to Nisin and CSE groups, respectively (P<0.05). Furthermore, Nisin combined with CSE effectively delayed spoilage in both pasteurized milk and strawberries during 8-day storage at 25 ℃ and 4 ℃. The combination of Nisin and CSE exhibits a strong inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus, offering a new strategy for the development of natural compound antibacterial agents.

, authors=Zihao TIAN, Jinqi GUO, Xiangru WANG, Lili WEI, Tongjiao WANG, Ziyi ZHANG, Wei YU*, Jiage MA*, authorsList=Zihao TIAN, Jinqi GUO, Xiangru WANG, Lili WEI, Tongjiao WANG, Ziyi ZHANG, Wei YU, Jiage MA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wei YU, Jiage MA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320886596363211405, articleId=1320886588297564793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=Nisin和韭菜籽提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌作用的研究, columnId=1261336277547401341, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=生物工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为研究乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)与韭菜籽提取物(CSE)联合使用对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用及其对草莓和巴氏杀菌乳贮藏期间品质特性的影响,本研究采用琼脂孔扩散法测定了Nisin和CSE对金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 29213的抑菌活性。通过测定活性氧(Reactive Oxygen Species,ROS)含量和胞外多糖含量进一步探讨Nisin与CSE单独及联合对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果。此外,通过测定贮藏期间巴氏杀菌乳和草莓的可滴定酸度、草莓的失重率与DPPH自由基清除率以及巴氏杀菌乳的蛋白质含量,进一步探究Nisin与CSE对两种食品品质的影响。结果表明,Nisin与CSE联合对金黄色葡萄球菌具有协同抑菌活性。与Nisin组和CSE组相比,Nisin+CSE组的金黄色葡萄球菌ROS含量显著降低,分别降低了18.64%和39.70%,而Nisin+CSE组的金黄色葡萄球菌胞外多糖含量分别降低了17.87%和32.57%(P<0.05)。此外,Nisin联合CSE可在25 ℃和4 ℃下贮藏8 d期间有效延缓巴氏杀菌乳和草莓的腐败变质。Nisin联合CSE展现出良好的金黄色葡萄球菌抑制效果,本研究为天然复合抑菌剂的开发提供了新思路。

, authors=田子豪, 郭进琪, 王相茹, 魏丽郦, 王彤娇, 张子怡, 于微*, 马佳歌*, authorsList=田子豪, 郭进琪, 王相茹, 魏丽郦, 王彤娇, 张子怡, 于微, 马佳歌, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=于微, 马佳歌, authorNote=

田子豪(2001−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品生物技术和乳品科学,E-mail:

郭进琪(1997−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:乳品微生物与生物技术,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
于微(1982−),女,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:乳品微生物与生物技术,E-mail:。
马佳歌(1993−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品生物技术和乳品科学,E-mail:。
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Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2008, 49(2): 201−209., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320886728014017221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886588297564793, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886728022405830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886588297564793, companyId=1320886728014017221, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886728030794439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886588297564793, companyId=1320886728014017221, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=东北农业大学食品学院,乳品科学教育部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨 150030)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320886731038110460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886588297564793, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Antibacterial effect of Nisin and CSE alone or in combination on S. aureus, figureFileSmall=N0si060NobieX1yKn/27bw==, figureFileBig=J5pzdTDZgPVtrHSEQcN1Dw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886731113607933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886588297564793, language=CN, label=图1, caption=Nisin与CSE单独及联合对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果, figureFileSmall=N0si060NobieX1yKn/27bw==, figureFileBig=J5pzdTDZgPVtrHSEQcN1Dw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886731205882622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886588297564793, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Hemolytic activity of Nisin and CSE alone or in combination, figureFileSmall=OCKsgqNisPU8rfBvk4ehzA==, figureFileBig=k7LwSEE6MD265DMIAb+L0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886731268797183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886588297564793, language=CN, label=图2, caption=Nisin与CSE单独及联合的溶血性

注:图中不同小写字母(a~b)代表不同处理组溶血率之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=OCKsgqNisPU8rfBvk4ehzA==, figureFileBig=k7LwSEE6MD265DMIAb+L0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886731331711744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886588297564793, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of Nisin and CSE alone or in combination on the ROS content of S.aureus, figureFileSmall=/RnFSYuyZoZrllxfgOiYGQ==, figureFileBig=ShdoePhBd0e/ZmubXNGyAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886731403014913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886588297564793, language=CN, label=图3, caption=Nisin与CSE单独及联合对金黄色葡萄球菌ROS含量的影响

注:图中不同小写字母(a~d)代表不同处理组细胞内ROS含量之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=/RnFSYuyZoZrllxfgOiYGQ==, figureFileBig=ShdoePhBd0e/ZmubXNGyAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886731474318082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886588297564793, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of Nisin and CSE alone or in combination on the production of extracellular polysaccharides in the biofilm of S.aureus, figureFileSmall=VcsW50/5puw+oAYHid+BAQ==, figureFileBig=LQ1mxFDGWnit/RXMw3Wz3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886731570787075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886588297564793, language=CN, label=图4, caption=Nisin与CSE单独及联合对金黄色葡萄球菌胞外多糖生成量的影响

注:图中不同小写字母(a~d)代表不同处理组胞外多糖相对生成量之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=VcsW50/5puw+oAYHid+BAQ==, figureFileBig=LQ1mxFDGWnit/RXMw3Wz3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886731646284548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886588297564793, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Appearance of pasteurized milk (A) and strawberries (B) during storage treated with Nisin and CSE individually or in combination, figureFileSmall=vj1lxfBq5OvkujGt0m9g4g==, figureFileBig=aoYyjsSsP6632tQrkECSBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886731721782021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886588297564793, language=CN, label=图5, caption=Nisin与CSE单独及联合对巴氏杀菌乳(A)和草莓(B)贮藏期间的表观状态, figureFileSmall=vj1lxfBq5OvkujGt0m9g4g==, figureFileBig=aoYyjsSsP6632tQrkECSBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886731797279494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886588297564793, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of Nisin and CSE alone and in combination on the titratable acidity of pasteurized milk at 25 ℃ (A), 4 ℃ (B) and strawberry at 25 ℃ (C) and 4 ℃ (D), figureFileSmall=lFJ1SSfqwwtQofEwb0P0Og==, figureFileBig=bMloez4VYXnbUimZfP+KdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886731864388359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886588297564793, language=CN, label=图6, caption=Nisin与CSE单独及联合对巴氏杀菌乳25 ℃(A)、4 ℃(B)和草莓25 ℃(C)、4 ℃(D)可滴定酸度的影响

注:图中不同大写字母(A~D)表示在同一处理时间下,不同处理组可滴定酸之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05);不同小写字母(a~h)表示同一处理组在不同处理时间下可滴定酸存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=lFJ1SSfqwwtQofEwb0P0Og==, figureFileBig=bMloez4VYXnbUimZfP+KdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886731927302920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886588297564793, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effects of Nisin and CSE alone and in combination on the weight loss rate of strawberry at 25 ℃ (A) and 4 ℃ (B), figureFileSmall=TeUwOW7F5jKMng+l5s9Umw==, figureFileBig=WVd5C/upkEhO2rlHcQ8+sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886731990217481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886588297564793, language=CN, label=图7, caption=Nisin与CSE单独及联合对草莓25 ℃ (A)和4 ℃ (B)失重率的影响

注:图中不同大写字母(A~D)表示在同一处理时间下,不同处理组失重率之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05);不同小写字母(a~g)表示同一处理组在不同处理时间下失重率存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=TeUwOW7F5jKMng+l5s9Umw==, figureFileBig=WVd5C/upkEhO2rlHcQ8+sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886732053132042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886588297564793, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effects of Nisin and CSE alone or in combination on the protein content in pasteurized milk at 25 ℃ (A) and 4 ℃ (B), figureFileSmall=xuuR8SAvzL2pa+aReZAO0g==, figureFileBig=l4o6NuWtR/7mUf0egnAEOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886732124435211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886588297564793, language=CN, label=图8, caption=Nisin与CSE单独或联合使用在25 ℃(A)和4 ℃(B)下对巴氏杀菌乳中蛋白质含量的影响

注:图中不同大写字母(A~D)表示在同一处理时间下不同处理组蛋白质含量之间差异显著(P<0.05);不同小写字母(a~g)表示同一处理组在不同时间下蛋白质含量之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=xuuR8SAvzL2pa+aReZAO0g==, figureFileBig=l4o6NuWtR/7mUf0egnAEOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886732212515596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886588297564793, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Effects of Nisin and CSE alone or in combination on the DPPH free radical scavenging activity in strawberries at 25 ℃ (A) and 4 ℃ (B), figureFileSmall=sTCVjMb4Ze2+PD8U3wKFuQ==, figureFileBig=xxjvT8mRNeZiul7QyphN+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886732283818765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886588297564793, language=CN, label=图9, caption=Nisin与CSE单独或联合使用在25 ℃(A)和4 ℃(B)下对草莓DPPH自由基清除能力的影响

注:图中不同大写字母(A~D)表示在同一处理时间下不同处理组DPPH清除能力间差异显著(P<0.05);不同小写字母(a~h)表示同一处理组在不同时间下DPPH清除能力之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=sTCVjMb4Ze2+PD8U3wKFuQ==, figureFileBig=xxjvT8mRNeZiul7QyphN+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886732380287758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886588297564793, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Antibacterial spectrum of CSE against spoilage bacteria and foodborne pathogens

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
革兰氏阳性指示菌抑菌圈直径(mm)革兰氏阴性指示菌抑菌圈直径(mm)
S. aureus ATCC 2921322.25±0.13S. typhimurium CMCC 50071−
S. aureus ATCC 2592320.43±0.21S. typhimurium ATCC 14028−
S. aureus CMCC 2607420.71±0.15S. typhimurium C 77-31−
S. aureus ATCC 1356520.83±0.23S. pullorum C 79-13−
S. epidermidis ATCC 1222819.57±0.21E. sakazakii ATCC 25944−
S. albicans CGMCC 1.337418.36±0.09E. coli UB 1005−
B. pyogenes CGMCC 1.3384−E. coli IQCC 10126−
B. cereus CMCC 6303−E. coli ATCC 25922−
L. monocytogenes ATCC 19114−Salmonella CMCC 47020−
L. monocytogenes CMCC 8605−P. aeruginosa CGMCC 1.2620−
), ArticleFig(id=1320886732447396623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886588297564793, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

CSE对腐败菌和食源性致病菌的抑菌谱

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
革兰氏阳性指示菌抑菌圈直径(mm)革兰氏阴性指示菌抑菌圈直径(mm)
S. aureus ATCC 2921322.25±0.13S. typhimurium CMCC 50071−
S. aureus ATCC 2592320.43±0.21S. typhimurium ATCC 14028−
S. aureus CMCC 2607420.71±0.15S. typhimurium C 77-31−
S. aureus ATCC 1356520.83±0.23S. pullorum C 79-13−
S. epidermidis ATCC 1222819.57±0.21E. sakazakii ATCC 25944−
S. albicans CGMCC 1.337418.36±0.09E. coli UB 1005−
B. pyogenes CGMCC 1.3384−E. coli IQCC 10126−
B. cereus CMCC 6303−E. coli ATCC 25922−
L. monocytogenes ATCC 19114−Salmonella CMCC 47020−
L. monocytogenes CMCC 8605−P. aeruginosa CGMCC 1.2620−
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Nisin和韭菜籽提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌作用的研究
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田子豪 , 郭进琪 , 王相茹 , 魏丽郦 , 王彤娇 , 张子怡 , 于微 * , 马佳歌 *
食品工业科技 | 生物工程 2026,47(10): 185-194
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食品工业科技 |生物工程 2026 , 47 (10) : 185 -194
Nisin和韭菜籽提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌作用的研究
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田子豪(2001−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品生物技术和乳品科学,E-mail:

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田子豪 , 郭进琪 , 王相茹, 魏丽郦, 王彤娇, 张子怡, 于微* , 马佳歌*
作者信息
  • 东北农业大学食品学院,乳品科学教育部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨 150030
通讯作者:
于微(1982−),女,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:乳品微生物与生物技术,E-mail:。
马佳歌(1993−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品生物技术和乳品科学,E-mail:。
作者简介:

田子豪(2001−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品生物技术和乳品科学,E-mail:

郭进琪(1997−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:乳品微生物与生物技术,E-mail:

Antibacterial Effects of Nisin and Chive Seed Extract on Staphylococcus aureus
Zihao TIAN , Jinqi GUO , Xiangru WANG, Lili WEI, Tongjiao WANG, Ziyi ZHANG, Wei YU* , Jiage MA*
Affiliations
  • Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
出版时间: 2026-05-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040375
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为研究乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)与韭菜籽提取物(CSE)联合使用对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用及其对草莓和巴氏杀菌乳贮藏期间品质特性的影响,本研究采用琼脂孔扩散法测定了Nisin和CSE对金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 29213的抑菌活性。通过测定活性氧(Reactive Oxygen Species,ROS)含量和胞外多糖含量进一步探讨Nisin与CSE单独及联合对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果。此外,通过测定贮藏期间巴氏杀菌乳和草莓的可滴定酸度、草莓的失重率与DPPH自由基清除率以及巴氏杀菌乳的蛋白质含量,进一步探究Nisin与CSE对两种食品品质的影响。结果表明,Nisin与CSE联合对金黄色葡萄球菌具有协同抑菌活性。与Nisin组和CSE组相比,Nisin+CSE组的金黄色葡萄球菌ROS含量显著降低,分别降低了18.64%和39.70%,而Nisin+CSE组的金黄色葡萄球菌胞外多糖含量分别降低了17.87%和32.57%(P<0.05)。此外,Nisin联合CSE可在25 ℃和4 ℃下贮藏8 d期间有效延缓巴氏杀菌乳和草莓的腐败变质。Nisin联合CSE展现出良好的金黄色葡萄球菌抑制效果,本研究为天然复合抑菌剂的开发提供了新思路。

乳酸链球菌素  /  韭菜籽提取物  /  金黄色葡萄球菌  /  协同抑菌作用  /  巴氏杀菌乳  /  草莓

This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effects of Nisin combined with chive seed extract (CSE) against Staphylococcus aureus and their effect on the quality attributes of strawberries and pasteurized milk during storage. The agar well diffusion assay was employed to assess the antibacterial activity of Nisin and CSE against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. Additionally, the antibacterial efficacy of Nisin and CSE against S. aureus was further investigated by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) content. Meanwhile, the effects of Nisin and CSE on the quality of the two food products were further investigated by determining the titratable acidity of pasteurized milk and strawberries during storage, as well as the weight loss and DPPH radical scavenging activity of strawberries and the protein content of pasteurized milk. The results demonstrated that the combination of Nisin and CSE exhibited synergistic antibacterial effect against S. aureus. The ROS levels of S. aureus were significantly reduced by 18.64% and 39.70% in Nisin+CSE group compared to Nisin and CSE groups, respectively (P<0.05). EPS content in S. aureus was remarkably decreased by 17.87% and 32.57% in Nisin+CSE group compared to Nisin and CSE groups, respectively (P<0.05). Furthermore, Nisin combined with CSE effectively delayed spoilage in both pasteurized milk and strawberries during 8-day storage at 25 ℃ and 4 ℃. The combination of Nisin and CSE exhibits a strong inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus, offering a new strategy for the development of natural compound antibacterial agents.

Nisin  /  chive seed extract (CSE)  /  Staphylococcus aureus  /  synergistic antibacterial effect  /  pasteurized milk  /  strawberry
田子豪, 郭进琪, 王相茹, 魏丽郦, 王彤娇, 张子怡, 于微, 马佳歌. Nisin和韭菜籽提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌作用的研究. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (10) : 185 -194 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040375
Zihao TIAN, Jinqi GUO, Xiangru WANG, Lili WEI, Tongjiao WANG, Ziyi ZHANG, Wei YU, Jiage MA. Antibacterial Effects of Nisin and Chive Seed Extract on Staphylococcus aureus[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (10) : 185 -194 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040375
全球人口的快速增长给食品行业带来巨大的挑战[1]。由食源性致病菌和腐败微生物引起的微生物污染是引起食品安全的潜在风险之一[2]。世界卫生组织报告显示,每年约有6亿人因食用受食源性致病菌污染的食物而患病,约42万人死亡[3]。其中,金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,S. aureus)是生鲜乳生产中引起人类食源性感染的重要致病菌之一,广泛存在于奶牛养殖环境中,通过多种途径污染牛乳,严重危害人类健康[4]。近年来,传统物理与化学灭菌技术已被用于控制巴氏杀菌乳及果蔬制品中金黄色葡萄球菌的活性。热处理、冷藏或高压等物理处理方法和加工技术可能会改变食物的感官特性,破坏食物中营养成分的结构[5]。化学防腐剂如苯甲酸、山梨酸、亚硝酸盐和对羟基苯甲酸酯通常用于抑制食品中病原体和腐败微生物的生长[6−7]。除化学防腐剂外,抗生素也在食品抑菌方面广泛应用。值得注意的是,越来越多的细菌对现有抗生素产生了耐药性,抗生素耐药基因的传播已成为21世纪的一个主要问题[8]。2020年全球抗生素耐药性和使用监测系统数据显示,66个国家出现了高比例的抗生素耐药性问题[9]。
因此,开发来源广泛且安全性较高的天然抑菌物质已成为当前研究的热点之一。在过去的几十年里,细菌素由于其安全性和易在胃肠道中消化而被广泛用作食品生物防腐剂。细菌素是由核糖体合成的抗菌肽,对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌具有广谱抑菌活性[10]。目前,作为食品防腐剂使用的细菌素有乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)、纳他霉素(Natamycin)、和肉环素A(Carnocyclin A)等[11]。在这些细菌素中,Nisin的安全性已获得美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration,FDA)批准,被50多个国家批准作为食品防腐剂[12]。作为一种多环抗菌肽,Nisin含有多个氨基(-NH2)和其他有助于其抗菌活性的官能团[11]。已有研究发现,Nisin对革兰氏阳性菌和病原菌表现出显著的抗菌活性,能够通过干扰细胞壁合成和破坏细胞膜完整性发挥抑菌作用[13]。因此,Nisin作为一种天然安全的抗菌剂,已被广泛应用于乳制品、肉制品、水果和蔬菜中[14]。然而,Nisin的抗菌活性可能会因与脂肪或蛋白质等食品成分的相互作用而降低[15]。因此,提高其稳定性和抗菌能力,扩大其应用范围具有重要意义。
韭菜籽因含有丰富的硫化合物而具有抗菌、抗癌、抗氧化等多种生物活性[16]。研究证实,韭菜籽提取物(Chive Seed Extract,CSE)对金黄色葡萄球菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌等革兰氏阳性菌具有抗菌活性[17]。虽然CSE具有明显的抗菌活性,但目前的研究大多集中在单独使用CSE对食源性致病菌的抑制上。此外,CSE是否能够增强Nisin的抗菌效果,仍有待进一步研究。
因此,本研究旨在探讨Nisin和CSE对金黄色葡萄球菌的协同抗菌作用。通过抑菌圈测定、溶血性试验、活性氧(ROS)含量测定和胞外多糖测定评价Nisin与CSE单独或联合对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌特性。此外,还探究了Nisin与CSE联合对巴氏杀菌乳和草莓品质的影响。为天然复合抑菌剂的开发提供了新思路。
指示菌 保存在东北农业大学乳品科学教育部重点实验室;Nisin(CAS:137061-46-2,≥1000 IU/mg) 中国上海麦克林有限公司;CSE 陕西昊辰生物科技有限公司;辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(Triton X-100)、ROS试剂盒 上海碧云天生物技术有限公司;2′,7′-二氯二氢荧光素二乙酸酯(2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate,DCFH-DA) 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;巴氏杀菌奶、草莓 哈尔滨当地超市购买。
BCN1360超净工作台 苏州安泰有限公司;HIRAYAMA HVE-50高压灭菌锅 日本HIRAYAMA公司;Infinite M200 Pro全自动酶标仪 美国AB公司;UV-6100紫外分光光度计 美国BIO公司。
将金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 29213悬液以2%(v/v)的比例接种于LB(Luria-Bertani)肉汤培养基中,在37 ℃条件下孵育过夜。
将Nisin和CSE分别加入到无菌去离子水中,得到312.50 μg/mL的Nisin溶液、12.5 mg/mL的CSE溶液以及含有156.25 μg/mL Nisin和6.25 mg/mL CSE的混合溶液。
通过琼脂孔扩散法测定CSE的抑菌活性[18]。先向平板中注入10 mL的无菌LB琼脂培养基,待其凝固后,将牛津杯置于琼脂培养基中(8 mm)。将指示菌接种于LB琼脂培养基中,调整指示菌浓度为107 CFU/mL后倒入放有牛津杯的平板中。待其凝固后取出牛津杯,向每个孔中添加200 μL的CSE溶液。在37 ℃条件下培养24 h后,使用游标卡尺测量抑菌圈直径。
按照1.2.3所述,每个孔中添加312.50 μg/mL Nisin、12.5 mg/mL CSE、156.25 μg/mL Nisin+6.25 mg/mL CSE各200 μL。37 ℃条件下培养24 h后,使用游标卡尺测量抑菌圈直径。
红细胞提取方法参照Nurhartadi等[19]的方法稍作改动。取健康新鲜猪血放入抗凝管中,在4 ℃下3000 r/min离心10 min收集血浆。取0.01 mol/L冷却PBS洗涤3次,得到红细胞。随后,将红细胞悬液于1 mL PBS中,取20 μL红细胞,加至1 mL抑菌物质,在37 ℃培养2 h,以生理盐水和1% Triton X-100处理的样品分别作为阴性对照和阳性对照。然后,样品在3000 r/min的条件下离心10 min,收集的上清液在酶标仪上测定OD570 nm,溶血率计算公式如下:
$ \text{溶血率}(\text{%})=\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{\text{样本}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\text{阴性对照}}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{\text{阳性对照}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\text{阴性对照}}}\times 100 $
式中,A样本为样本上清液的吸光度;A阴性对照为添加生理盐水组上清液的吸光度;A阳性对照为添加Triton-100组上清液的吸光度。
通过ROS试剂盒测定Nisin联合CSE对金黄色葡萄球菌细胞内ROS的影响。培养至对数期的金黄色葡萄球菌菌液用0.01 mol/L的PBS(pH7.2)洗涤两次后重悬,将菌悬液调整为107 CFU/mL后与稀释的DCFH-DA溶液(10 mmol/L)混合均匀,置于37 ℃培养箱培养20 min。将过滤除菌后的Nisin、CSE和Nisin+CSE分别加入到上述菌悬液中,不添加任何抑菌物质处理组作为空白对照。通过酶标仪测定各样品的荧光强度,每组做三个平行,激发波长和发射波长分别为488 nm和525 nm。
采用钌红染色法检测Nisin联合CSE对金黄色葡萄球菌胞外多糖生成量的影响[20]。将活化的金黄色葡萄球菌稀释至约107 CFU/mL,添加抑菌物质混合后加入96孔板中。在37 ℃条件下培养24 h后向孔中接入100 μL 0.01%(m/v)的钌红染色液,随后在37 ℃条件下孵育60 min后测定OD450 nm,以无菌PBS缓冲液处理组为对照,其计算公式如下:
$ \text{胞外多糖含量}(\text{%})=\frac{{\text{OD}}_{\text{样品}}}{{\text{OD}}_{\text{对照}}}\times 100 $
式中,OD样品表示Nisin和CSE单独或联合处理后,在450 nm下的吸光度;OD对照表示无菌PBS缓冲液处理后,在450 nm下的吸光度。
金黄色葡萄球菌细胞用新鲜巴氏杀菌乳稀释至106 CFU/mL[21]。新鲜的草莓用无菌水清洗干净后,用含有75%乙醇的无尘纸轻轻擦拭表面并置于超净工作台中晾干。随后在紫外灯下照射30 min以除去表面的原始菌落,并接入1 mL金黄色葡萄球菌悬液(106 CFU/mL)[22]。将接入金黄色葡萄球菌的样本分为四组:空白对照(Control)组、CSE组、Nisin组和Nisin+CSE组。空白对照:巴氏杀菌乳和草莓不给予额外处理;CSE:巴氏杀菌乳中接入200 μL的12.5 mg/mL CSE,将草莓在12.5 mg/mL CSE溶液中浸泡30 s后捞出晾干;Nisin:巴氏杀菌乳中接入200 μL的312.50 μg/mL Nisin,将草莓在312.50 μg/mL Nisin溶液中浸泡30 s后捞出晾干;Nisin+CSE:巴氏杀菌乳中接入200 μL含有156.25 μg/mL Nisin和6.25 mg/mL CSE的混合溶液;将草莓在含有156.25 μg/mL Nisin和6.25 mg/mL CSE的混合溶液中浸泡30 s后捞出晾干。
不同组别的样品分别在4 ℃ 和25 ℃条件下贮藏8 d,每隔1 d观察并记录巴氏杀菌乳和草莓的实际外观和可滴定酸度、巴氏杀菌乳的蛋白质含量以及草莓的2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼(2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除率和失重率。
称取10 g样品置于烧杯中并加适量蒸馏水溶解,转移至100 mL容量瓶中定容。用标准氢氧化钠溶液滴定至终点pH为8.2,记录氢氧化钠消耗的体积,可滴定酸度计算公式如下:
$ \text{可滴定酸度}(\text{%})=\frac{\mathrm{c}\times \mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{m}}\times \mathrm{n}\times 100 $
式中,c为氢氧化钠溶液浓度(0.1 mol/L);V为消耗的氢氧化钠体积(mL);m为样品的质量(g);n为样品的稀释倍数。
称取每个样品的初始重量M0,在每个采样点称取样品重量M1,失重率计算公式如下:
$ \text{失重率}(\text{%})=\frac{{\mathrm{M}}_{0}-{\mathrm{M}}_{1}}{{\mathrm{M}}_{0}}\times 100 $
式中,M0表示原始重量;M1表示取样点重量。
称取1 g样品置于烧杯中,并加适量蒸馏水溶解后转移至100 mL容量瓶中定容。将溶液在4500×g下离心10 min后吸取0.2 mL上清液置于10 mL比色管中,分别加入0.8 mL蒸馏水和5 mL考马斯亮蓝G-250溶液,振荡混匀并静置2 min,通过分光光度计在波长595 nm处测定其吸光度,根据所得的标准曲线方程(y=8.5198x+0.9975,R2=0.9991)和下式计算样品中蛋白质的含量。
$ \mathrm{蛋白质含量}(\mathrm{g}/100\ \mathrm{g})=\frac{\left(\mathrm{c}-\mathrm{c}_0\right)\times\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{m}\times1000}\times100 $
式中,c为从标准工作曲线上得到的蛋白质浓度(mg/mL);c0为空白试剂中蛋白质浓度(mg/mL);V为最终样液的定容体积(mL);m为测试所用试样质量(g)。
取加水稀释10倍后的草莓匀浆200 μL,与800 μL浓度为0.2 μmol/L的DPPH溶液(溶剂为无水乙醇)混合后在避光条件下静置30 min,测定517 nm下的吸光值[23]。并按照下式计算DPPH自由基清除率:
$ \text{DPPH自由基清除率}(\text{%}) =\left(1-\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{m}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{n}}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{0}}\right)\times 100 $
式中,Am为200 μL草莓匀浆稀释液和800 μL DPPH溶液混合,避光反应30 min后的吸光值;An为200 μL草莓匀浆稀释液和800 μL无水乙醇混合,避光反应30 min后的吸光值;A0为200 μL无水乙醇和800 μL DPPH溶液混合,避光反应30 min后的吸光值。
试验均重复3次,结果以平均值±标准差表示。采用SPSS 22.0软件的单因素方差分析及邓肯检验对数据进行多重比较。P<0.05表示不同组别数据间差异显著。采用Origin 8.5软件绘图。
为探究CSE的抑菌效果,采用琼脂扩散法测定CSE分别对金黄色葡萄球菌和单增李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes)等食品中常见的10株革兰氏阳性病原菌和10株革兰氏阴性病原菌的抑菌活性。如表1所示。CSE对革兰氏阴性病原菌无抑菌活性,对革兰氏阳性病原菌表现出一定的抑菌活性,这可能是由于革兰氏阴性菌的外膜作为一种屏障,有效阻止了CSE的渗透[24]。其中对4株金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径均大于20 mm,尤其对金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 29213的抑菌活性最大,抑菌圈直径为22.25±0.13 mm。因此选取金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 29213为目标菌株并进行后续研究。
金黄色葡萄球菌作为常见食源性致病菌之一,会引起人类和动物的败血症以及泌尿系统感染等重大疾病[25]。本实验通过测定抑菌圈直径初步分析Nisin和CSE对金黄色葡萄球菌抑制能力。如图1所示,CSE、Nisin和Nisin+CSE组的抑菌圈直径分别为12.87±0.05 mm、17.55±0.08 mm和21.10±0.02 mm。其中Nisin+CSE组的抑菌圈直径显著(P<0.05)高于CSE组和Nisin组,表明Nisin和CSE具有一定的协同抑菌效果。
红细胞的溶胀和破裂程度是评估化合物安全性的重要参考标准[26]。溶血实验用于评价Nisin与CSE单独及联合作用的生物安全性。如图2所示,Nisin,CSE和Nisin+CSE处理组的溶血率均不足5%,且与空白对照组相比不存在显著性差异(P>0.05),表明Nisin与CSE在单独作用或联合作用时均有良好的血液相容性,即研究中抑菌实验所使用的Nisin与CSE浓度属于安全浓度范围[27–28]。
在正常的生理条件下,细菌体内的氧化和抗氧化系统保持动态平衡,然而当细胞受到外部刺激时生物体内的ROS水平发生变化,可能导致细菌损伤[29]。为了更好地了解Nisin和CSE的抗菌机制和抗菌作用,评估了经Nisin和CSE单独或联合处理后,金黄色葡萄球菌胞内ROS的含量。由图3可知,与空白对照组相比,不同处理组的金黄色葡萄球菌的胞内ROS含量显著下降(P<0.05),表明Nisin、CSE的添加导致细胞内ROS含量发生了变化。其中,Nisin组的ROS含量为对照组的32.17%,CSE组的ROS含量为对照组的53.23%,Nisin+CSE组的ROS含量为对照组的13.53%。值得注意的是,与Nisin组和CSE组相比,Nisin+CSE组的ROS含量显著降低(P<0.05),分别降低了18.64%和39.70%,表明Nisin和CSE联合处理能够更为有效地降低金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 29213胞内ROS含量。结果表明,Nisin和CSE处理可有效降低金黄色葡萄球菌胞内ROS含量,从而破坏细胞内氧化还原系统平衡,进而抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的活性[30]。罗泽萍等[31]研究发现,经赪桐提取物处理后金黄色葡萄球菌胞内ROS水平发生改变,同时细胞形态结构被破坏,从而抑制金黄色葡萄球菌活性。
胞外多糖是细菌生物膜的重要组成部分,它可以促进细菌与生物和其他非生物表面的附着,使细胞免受抗菌剂的破坏[32]。钌红是一种能与多糖复合物结合的阳离子染色剂,通过结合物的颜色变化可以估测胞外多糖生成量[33]。通过钌红染色法估测Nisin联合CSE处理后金黄色葡萄球菌胞外多糖生成量的变化,结果如图4所示。与对照组相比,CSE组、Nisin组和Nisin+CSE组的金黄色葡萄球菌胞外多糖生成量显著下降了17.50%、32.20%和50.07%(P<0.05),表明CSE和Nisin可以有效降低金黄色葡萄球菌胞外多糖的含量。与Nisin和CSE单独处理组相比,CSE与Nisin联合处理后,胞外多糖相对生成量降低了17.87%和32.57%(P<0.05),CSE与Nisin联合处理能够更为有效地抑制胞外多糖的产生。研究发现,与不添加枯茗醛的对照组相比,经枯茗醛干预后金黄色葡萄球菌胞外多糖含量减少48.09%[34]。值得注意的是,Nisin和CSE联合处理对胞外多糖的抑制率高于枯茗醛处理,进一步印证了Nisin+CSE组合在抑制金黄色葡萄球菌活性方面的应用潜力。
图5显示了在4 ℃和25 ℃储存期间,Nisin与CSE单独及组合对巴氏杀菌乳和草莓的影响。25 ℃保存8 d后,巴氏杀菌乳模型中对照组、Nisin组和CSE组均出现大量白色沉淀,并有腐臭气味。与对照组、Nisin组和CSE组相比,Nisin与CSE联合使用有效减少了沉淀的形成,并具有轻微的腐臭气味。这可能是由于Nisin和CSE的联合作用抑制了金黄色葡萄球菌代谢脂肪酶的产生,从而抑制了巴氏杀菌乳中脂肪水解为游离脂肪酸[35]。在4 ℃保存8 d后,Nisin和CSE单独或联合处理组几乎未见白色沉淀。对于草莓的储藏,25 ℃保存8 d后,草莓模型中所有处理组均出现腐烂情况,而在4 ℃保存8 d后,联合处理组腐烂情况较其他处理组轻微,这可能归因于冷藏和抗菌剂的联合作用[36]。总体而言,Nisin联合CSE在食品模型中的抗菌效果优于Nisin和CSE单独使用。这可能是因为Nisin的有效性会被食品模型的理化性质所改变,如pH和脂肪含量等,从而导致Nisin在食品模型中的沉淀、失活或不均匀分布,进而影响其发挥功效[37]。先前的研究发现Nisin与蔗糖月桂酸酯联用可对金黄色葡萄球菌产生协同抗菌活性,并进一步验证了其在牛奶体系中的良好防腐效果[38]。
图6显示了在贮藏期间,不同处理组巴氏杀菌乳和草莓可滴定酸度的变化。在巴氏杀菌乳模型中,随着贮藏时间的延长,各个处理组的可滴定酸度均呈上升趋势,这可能是由于微生物的生长繁殖,分解了巴氏杀菌乳中的乳糖,从而产生乳酸,引起可滴定酸度的升高[39]。但Nisin与CSE联合处理组的巴氏杀菌乳可滴定酸度变化较单独处理更小,可能是由于Nisin与CSE联合处理抑制微生物生长繁殖,进而减小对巴氏杀菌乳酸度的影响。在草莓模型中,随着贮藏时间的延长,各处理组中草莓的可滴定酸度总体呈下降趋势并伴有波动,这可能是草莓的柠檬酸、苹果酸等有机酸在采后仍参与呼吸代谢或其他代谢过程进而导致可滴定酸度降低[40],且在25 ℃和4 ℃下,联合处理组可滴定酸度显著高于Nisin与CSE单独处理组的可滴定酸度(P<0.05)。
金黄色葡萄球菌通过分泌蛋白酶、脂肪酶等胞外酶降解草莓表皮细胞膜,破坏组织完整性,导致细胞液外渗,进而导致干物质损失[41]。图7反映了不同处理组草莓在贮藏期间的失重情况。由图7可知,在25 ℃和4 ℃贮藏条件下,随着贮藏时间的延长,不同处理组草莓的失重率均逐渐增加,在第8 d达到最大值。此外,在25 ℃和4 ℃条件下,第8 d联合处理组草莓的失重率显著低于单独处理组草莓的失重率(P<0.05),说明联合处理组能较好延缓草莓的质量损失。
金黄色葡萄球菌可利用蛋白质降解物形成生物膜,增强环境抗性[42]。GB 19645-2010《食品安全国家标准 巴氏杀菌乳》规定巴氏杀菌乳的蛋白质含量应该≥2.9 g/100 g。由图8可知,巴氏杀菌乳的初始蛋白质浓度为3.17 g/100 g。在25 ℃时,Nisin与CSE单独处理组的蛋白质含量在前2 d内基本无变化,随着时间的延长,蛋白质含量均逐渐降低。Nisin与CSE联合处理组蛋白质含量在前4 d无显著性变化(P>0.05),之后随着贮藏时间的延长,蛋白质含量缓慢降低,降低速率低于单独处理组。在4 ℃时,CSE单独处理组蛋白质含量在3 d后开始呈下降趋势,在贮藏第8 d蛋白质含量为2.37 g/100 g,低于2.9 g/100 g。Nisin单独处理组蛋白质含量在贮藏第5 d开始呈下降趋势,在贮藏第8 d时蛋白质含量为2.79 g/100 g,低于2.9 g/100 g。在贮藏第8 d时,Nisin与CSE联合处理组蛋白质含量显著高于Nisin与CSE单独处理组(P<0.05),且高于2.9 g/100 g。结果表明,Nisin与CSE联合处理能有效减缓巴氏杀菌乳中蛋白质含量的降低。
金黄色葡萄球菌分泌的蛋白酶和脂肪酶破坏草莓细胞,导致维生素C和花青素流失,进而降低草莓的抗氧化能力[43]。为了评估不同处理对草莓抗氧化性的影响,同时也作为评价贮藏期间草莓品质变化的指标,本研究测定了在4 ℃和25 ℃储存期间草莓的DPPH自由基清除率。草莓的DPPH自由基清除率可以作为评价其抗氧化能力强弱的指标。图9显示了不同处理组在贮藏期间草莓抗氧化能力的变化。如图9A所示,在25 ℃时,Nisin与CSE单独处理组草莓的DPPH自由基清除率在第2 d最高,分别为82.16%±0.47%、82.79%±1.04%,在此后几天呈下降趋势。Nisin与CSE联合处理组草莓的DPPH自由基清除率在第4 d达到最大值为84.43%±0.47%。如图9B所示,在4 ℃时,CSE单独处理组草莓的DPPH自由基清除率在第2 d最高为82.79%±0.91%,Nisin单独处理组草莓的DPPH自由基清除率在第4 d最高为84.85%±0.33%,而Nisin与CSE联合处理组草莓的DPPH自由基清除率在第5 d最高为85.78%±0.38%,且Nisin与CSE联合处理组在25 ℃和4 ℃条件下贮藏8 d后的DPPH自由基清除率显著高于Nisin与CSE单独处理组(P<0.05)。可能是Nisin与CSE联合处理更为有效地抑制了金黄色葡萄球菌活性,进而减少了其维生素C和花青素的流失,从而使其表现出较高的DPPH自由基清除能力。曾有研究也证实了草莓DPPH自由基清除率的降低可能与花青素和维生素C等物质的流失有关[44]。
本研究分析了Nisin和CSE对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌作用,并探究了其对草莓和巴氏杀菌乳贮藏期间品质特性的影响。结果表明,Nisin和CSE对金黄色葡萄球菌具有协同抗菌活性。与Nisin和CSE单独处理组相比,Nisin联合CSE可增加对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径,降低金黄色葡萄球菌的ROS含量和胞外多糖含量。同时,Nisin和CSE联合处理在25 ℃和4 ℃贮藏8 d过程中有效地缓解了巴氏杀菌乳和草莓的变质。综上所述,Nisin与CSE联合使用可有效提升对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果,其抗菌作用可能与菌体ROS含量及胞外多糖生成降低有关。然而,Nisin联合CSE对金黄色葡萄球菌的主要作用靶点、潜在的抗菌机制以及相关的多组学分析仍需深入探究,该组合在食品基质中的长期稳定性、安全性及其维持的抗菌效力也需进一步评估。未来可结合转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学,进一步探究Nisin联合CSE对金黄色葡萄球菌的潜在作用靶点与抗菌机制。

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2026年第47卷第10期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040375
  • 接收时间:2025-04-30
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-30
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    东北农业大学食品学院,乳品科学教育部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨 150030

通讯作者:

于微(1982−),女,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:乳品微生物与生物技术,E-mail:。
马佳歌(1993−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品生物技术和乳品科学,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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