Article(id=1320886404649960290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320882506312826993, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050115, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747152000000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792853459750, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1778774400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792853459750, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792853459750, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792853459750, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320882506312826993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='525', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778774400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852530314, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852530314, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=98, endPage=106, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320886405375574883, articleId=1320886404649960290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Research on the Correlation between Activity in Vitro and Structural Stability of Protein-EGCG Complexes, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and four proteins (soy protein isolate, casein, egg white albumin, and β-lactoglobulin) as materials, one protein-EGCG non-covalent complex and three covalent complexes were prepared through mixing, coupling reaction, hydroxyl radical reaction, and enzymatic reaction, respectively in this study. Indicators (such as EGCG binding rate, antioxidant in vitro, and inhibition rate of aging enzymes) were detected to examine effects of protein type and combination mode on EGCG binding status and activities in vitro of protein-EGCG complexes, and their correlation between the activity in vitro and structural stability during the digestive process were determined. Results showed that when protein-EGCG complexes forming, abilities of EGCG to scavenge the free radical (DPPH· and OH·) and inhibit aging (tyrosinase and elastase inhibition) were enhanced differently with the varied protein type and the binding mode. Although having the largest EGCG binding amount (0.175~0.225 mg/mg Pro), casein-EGCG complexes were also discovered lower activities in vitro than complexes containing soy protein isolate and EGCG under the same combination mode. Activity of the protein-EGCG non-covalent complexes could be improved by the hydroxyl radical covalent reaction owing to their enhanced DPPH· scavenging rate and tyrosinase inhibition rate by more than 86.73% and 49.12% respectively, while effects of enzymatic reactions and alkali oxidation reaction were opposite. The activities in vitro of protein-EGCG complexes were found irrelevant to their EGCG binding amount, soy protein isolate-EGCG covalent complex prepared by hydroxyl radical reaction, was discovered to show a poor digestive stability (EGCG binding amounts ranging from 0.06 to 0.15 mg/mg Pro) but a superior extracellular antioxidant activity, confirming the inverse correlation between the extracellular activity and the structural stability to some extent.

, authors=Jingjing KANG1, 2, Meihua YANG1, 2, Huifang CHEN3, Chen CHEN1, 2, Mingyue YIN1, 2, *, authorsList=Jingjing KANG, Meihua YANG, Huifang CHEN, Chen CHEN, Mingyue YIN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Mingyue YIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320886409196585838, articleId=1320886404649960290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=蛋白质-EGCG复合物体外活性和结构稳定性的相关性研究, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文以蛋白质(大豆分离蛋白、酪蛋白、鸡蛋清白蛋白和β-乳球蛋白)和表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(Epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG)为原料,分别采用混合搅拌、偶联、羟自由基和酶促反应的方法,制备出1种蛋白质-EGCG非共价物和3种共价物。以EGCG结合率、体外抗氧化和衰老酶抑制率等为评价指标,探讨蛋白种类和结合方式对蛋白质-EGCG复合物结构和体外活性的影响,构建蛋白质-EGCG共价物消化过程中体外活性和结构稳定性的相关性。结果显示,蛋白质-EGCG复合作用可增加EGCG的自由基(DPPH·和OH·)清除能力和衰老酶(酪氨酸酶和弹性蛋白酶)抑制作用,具体效果因蛋白质种类和结合方式而不同;酪蛋白-EGCG复合物结合EGCG量最高(0.175~0.225 mg/mg Pro),但其体外活性却整体上弱于同结合模式下的大豆分离蛋白-EGCG复合物;羟自由基共价反应能显著增加蛋白质-EGCG非共价物的体外活性,使其DPPH·清除率和酪氨酸酶抑制率分别提升了86.73%和49.12%以上,而酶促反应和偶联反应却起到相反的作用。蛋白质-EGCG复合物体外活性与其EGCG结合量无显著关系,大豆分离蛋白-EGCG羟自由基共价物的差消化稳定性(EGCG结合量为0.06~0.15 mg/mg Pro)和优越的体外抗氧化活性一定程度上证实了体外活性与结构稳定性的反相关性。

, authors=康晶晶1, 2, 杨美花1, 2, 陈慧芳3, 陈晨1, 2, 殷明月1, 2, *, authorsList=康晶晶, 杨美花, 陈慧芳, 陈晨, 殷明月, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=殷明月, authorNote=

康晶晶(1986−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:植源性成分功能性研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
殷明月(1981−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品营养与健康,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=BWA68X6HCDfNUn+yVRYYog==, magXml=nOsQHpiA5UfcQBdujdz+Vg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=bpX+10/uHDomGjQkmQkoGA==, pdfFileSize=1393119, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=SiEyaVlqMLmsuzkaVKVGNQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=JWS2jpz4lLp1t48ghVk0dg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320886846666691059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886404649960290, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=kangjingjing1027@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320886848361189878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886404649960290, authorId=1320886846666691059, language=EN, stringName=Jingjing KANG, firstName=Jingjing, middleName=null, lastName=KANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
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康晶晶(1986−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:植源性成分功能性研究,E-mail:

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注:小写a、b、c、d不同字母代表一种Pro-EGCG复合物不同结合形式间的差异显著性(P<0.05);大写A、B、C、D不同字母代表相同结合形式下四种Pro-EGCG复合物间的差异性(P<0.05);图2~图3同。

, figureFileSmall=cLplNhXs0YKdCjfH98JyzQ==, figureFileBig=SiEyaVlqMLmsuzkaVKVGNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886850529645085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886404649960290, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Antioxidant activity in vitro of protein-EGCG complexes, figureFileSmall=lDKxQuMm06opS7+Hhj+jig==, figureFileBig=uVd9WGaW9sxPaEZPJddNoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886850605142558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886404649960290, language=CN, label=图2, caption=Pro-EGCG复合物的体外抗氧化活性, figureFileSmall=lDKxQuMm06opS7+Hhj+jig==, figureFileBig=uVd9WGaW9sxPaEZPJddNoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886850697417247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886404649960290, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Anti-aging activity in vitro of protein-EGCG complexes, figureFileSmall=axpkLT9bCyzqvWrMUASkeA==, figureFileBig=+/2D0oJ9qSJu9Z6JyEteiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886850781303328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886404649960290, language=CN, label=图3, caption=Pro-EGCG复合物的体外抗衰老活性, figureFileSmall=axpkLT9bCyzqvWrMUASkeA==, figureFileBig=+/2D0oJ9qSJu9Z6JyEteiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886850860995105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886404649960290, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Changes of protein-EGCG complexes in the EGCG binding amount during the digestion, figureFileSmall=EQJgEnMDUOmV6WtEOU21VA==, figureFileBig=hbNPcs6+VWqtJ5d9Bg3B5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886850953269794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886404649960290, language=CN, label=图4, caption=Pro-EGCG复合物消化过程中EGCG结合量的变化

注:a、b、c、d不同字母代表一组样品消化过程中的差异显著性(P<0.05);**表示相同消化阶段下两种蛋白-EGCG复合物数据的差异极显著,P<0.01,图5同。

, figureFileSmall=EQJgEnMDUOmV6WtEOU21VA==, figureFileBig=hbNPcs6+VWqtJ5d9Bg3B5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886851032961571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886404649960290, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Changes of protein-EGCG complexes in antioxidant activity in vitro during the digestion, figureFileSmall=9rDHxXz2O0jg+PeMlK3ZPg==, figureFileBig=Pxm4FlBA7yofMc+K/mgDlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886851108459044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886404649960290, language=CN, label=图5, caption=Pro-EGCG复合物消化过程中体外抗氧化活性的变化

注:*代表相同消化阶段下两种Pro-EGCG复合物间的差异性分别为P<0.05。

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蛋白质-EGCG复合物体外活性和结构稳定性的相关性研究
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康晶晶 1, 2 , 杨美花 1, 2 , 陈慧芳 3 , 陈晨 1, 2 , 殷明月 1, 2, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(10): 98-106
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (10) : 98 -106
蛋白质-EGCG复合物体外活性和结构稳定性的相关性研究
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康晶晶(1986−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:植源性成分功能性研究,E-mail:

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康晶晶1, 2 , 杨美花1, 2, 陈慧芳3, 陈晨1, 2, 殷明月1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,贵州贵阳 561113
  • 2贵州医科大学环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州贵阳 561113
  • 3贵州中医药大学公共卫生学院,贵州贵阳 550025
通讯作者:
殷明月(1981−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品营养与健康,E-mail:。
作者简介:

康晶晶(1986−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:植源性成分功能性研究,E-mail:

Research on the Correlation between Activity in Vitro and Structural Stability of Protein-EGCG Complexes
Jingjing KANG1, 2 , Meihua YANG1, 2, Huifang CHEN3, Chen CHEN1, 2, Mingyue YIN1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
  • 2The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
  • 3School of Public Health, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
出版时间: 2026-05-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050115
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本文以蛋白质(大豆分离蛋白、酪蛋白、鸡蛋清白蛋白和β-乳球蛋白)和表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(Epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG)为原料,分别采用混合搅拌、偶联、羟自由基和酶促反应的方法,制备出1种蛋白质-EGCG非共价物和3种共价物。以EGCG结合率、体外抗氧化和衰老酶抑制率等为评价指标,探讨蛋白种类和结合方式对蛋白质-EGCG复合物结构和体外活性的影响,构建蛋白质-EGCG共价物消化过程中体外活性和结构稳定性的相关性。结果显示,蛋白质-EGCG复合作用可增加EGCG的自由基(DPPH·和OH·)清除能力和衰老酶(酪氨酸酶和弹性蛋白酶)抑制作用,具体效果因蛋白质种类和结合方式而不同;酪蛋白-EGCG复合物结合EGCG量最高(0.175~0.225 mg/mg Pro),但其体外活性却整体上弱于同结合模式下的大豆分离蛋白-EGCG复合物;羟自由基共价反应能显著增加蛋白质-EGCG非共价物的体外活性,使其DPPH·清除率和酪氨酸酶抑制率分别提升了86.73%和49.12%以上,而酶促反应和偶联反应却起到相反的作用。蛋白质-EGCG复合物体外活性与其EGCG结合量无显著关系,大豆分离蛋白-EGCG羟自由基共价物的差消化稳定性(EGCG结合量为0.06~0.15 mg/mg Pro)和优越的体外抗氧化活性一定程度上证实了体外活性与结构稳定性的反相关性。

蛋白质-EGCG复合物  /  结合方式  /  蛋白质种类  /  抗氧化活性  /  抗衰老活性  /  相关性研究

With epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and four proteins (soy protein isolate, casein, egg white albumin, and β-lactoglobulin) as materials, one protein-EGCG non-covalent complex and three covalent complexes were prepared through mixing, coupling reaction, hydroxyl radical reaction, and enzymatic reaction, respectively in this study. Indicators (such as EGCG binding rate, antioxidant in vitro, and inhibition rate of aging enzymes) were detected to examine effects of protein type and combination mode on EGCG binding status and activities in vitro of protein-EGCG complexes, and their correlation between the activity in vitro and structural stability during the digestive process were determined. Results showed that when protein-EGCG complexes forming, abilities of EGCG to scavenge the free radical (DPPH· and OH·) and inhibit aging (tyrosinase and elastase inhibition) were enhanced differently with the varied protein type and the binding mode. Although having the largest EGCG binding amount (0.175~0.225 mg/mg Pro), casein-EGCG complexes were also discovered lower activities in vitro than complexes containing soy protein isolate and EGCG under the same combination mode. Activity of the protein-EGCG non-covalent complexes could be improved by the hydroxyl radical covalent reaction owing to their enhanced DPPH· scavenging rate and tyrosinase inhibition rate by more than 86.73% and 49.12% respectively, while effects of enzymatic reactions and alkali oxidation reaction were opposite. The activities in vitro of protein-EGCG complexes were found irrelevant to their EGCG binding amount, soy protein isolate-EGCG covalent complex prepared by hydroxyl radical reaction, was discovered to show a poor digestive stability (EGCG binding amounts ranging from 0.06 to 0.15 mg/mg Pro) but a superior extracellular antioxidant activity, confirming the inverse correlation between the extracellular activity and the structural stability to some extent.

protein-EGCG complex  /  combination mode  /  protein type  /  antioxidant activity  /  antiaging activity  /  correlation research
康晶晶, 杨美花, 陈慧芳, 陈晨, 殷明月. 蛋白质-EGCG复合物体外活性和结构稳定性的相关性研究. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (10) : 98 -106 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050115
Jingjing KANG, Meihua YANG, Huifang CHEN, Chen CHEN, Mingyue YIN. Research on the Correlation between Activity in Vitro and Structural Stability of Protein-EGCG Complexes[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (10) : 98 -106 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050115
我国是全球茶叶的第一大生产和销售国。根据最新的茶叶产销数据,2023年我国茶园面积达5149.76万亩,茶叶产量达355万吨,市场规模达到3511.8亿元,总产值达3296.68亿元,茶产业已成为我国特色优势产业,在发展经济、扩大就业和乡村振兴等方面发挥着重要的作用。茶多酚,茶叶的多酚类化合物,是茶叶中主要的活性成分,具有抗氧化、抗衰老、抗炎、抗菌和抗癌生理活性[1−3]。表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯占总茶多酚含量65%左右,是茶多酚中生物活性最强的一类物质[4],凭借着天然安全、活性显著、价廉易得等特点,在植源性活性成分研究中备受青睐。然而,EGCG稳定性较差,在光、热、氧化剂及中碱性环境等条件中易发生氧化或降解[5],且其生物利用度较低,仅为0.14%[6],一定程度上限制了其在工业中的应用。为了提高EGCG稳定性及吸收效率,纳米载体[7]、化学改性[8]、脂质体包埋[9]等相关技术均用于研究,但这些技术是否能够改善EGCG生物活性则仍待商榷。随着生物大分子研究热潮的出现,构建蛋白质-EGCG复合物(Pro-EGCG)已成为改善EGCG稳定性与生物活性的主要方案之一。
Pro-EGCG复合物就是蛋白质与EGCG通过共价或非共价作用获得的复合生物大分子,其中非共价复合物主要是通过直接混匀搅拌法制得,蛋白质与EGCG主要通过氢键、范德华力、静电相互作用等非共价作用进行连接;而共价复合物则是蛋白质与EGCG通过化学键进行交联,比非共价物展现出更强的稳定性,常见的共价物制备方法有酶促法、自由基法和碱法等[10]。日常食品应用中,EGCG多作为添加剂与蛋白质发生不可避免相互作用,生成Pro-EGCG复合物。因此,研究Pro-EGCG相互作用分别对蛋白质和EGCG理化性质及功能性的研究则具有重要的应用价值。前期研究发现,Pro-EGCG复合物能够改善原有EGCG或蛋白质的稳定性、利用率和生物活性,例如,Zhou等[11]发现大豆分离蛋白与EGCG形成共价复合物后更易消化,且EGCG的稳定性更强,且在LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞模型中,CS-EGCG-CPP纳米复合物抗氧化、抗炎效果比同剂量EGCG更好[12]。目前,大多数研究主要集中在某种Pro-EGCG复合物与EGCG生物活性的比较研究,关于蛋白质种类及结合方式影响Pro-EGCG复合物活性的研究则相对较少,Pro-EGCG复合物活性和结构的关系仍处于未知阶段。
本文特选用大豆分离蛋白(Soybean protein isolate,SPI)、鸡蛋清白蛋白(Egg white albumin,E)、酪蛋白(Casein,C)和β-乳球蛋白(β-Lactoglobulin,β-L)4种常用蛋白质分别与EGCG构建Pro-EGCG非共价物和共价化合物,通过比较其EGCG结合状况和体外活性(抗氧化和抗衰老),探讨蛋白种类和结合方式对Pro-EGCG复合物性质的影响,体外模拟消化实验确定Pro-EGCG共价物结构稳定性和体外生物活性的相关性。该研究对提升EGCG合理利用、增强EGCG生物活性、明确富含EGCG食物活性机理具有重要的意义,为EGCG相关产品的开发和应用提供一定的理论依据。
大豆分离蛋白、鸡蛋清白蛋白、酪蛋白、β-乳球蛋白、透明质酸钠、弹性蛋白酶(酶活力30 U/mg)、乙酰丙酮、L-酪氨酸、乙酸钠、冰醋酸、福林酚 上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;酪氨酸酶(酶活力为2500 U/mg)、透明质酸酶(酶活力为300~500 U/mg)、胶原蛋白酶(酶活力为135 U/mg)、N-[3-(2-呋喃基)丙烯酰基]-亮氨酸-甘氨酸-脯氨酸-丙氨酸(FALGPA)、无水磷酸氢二钠、对二甲氨基苯甲醛、无水碳酸钠、N-(甲氧基琥珀酰基)-L-丙氨酰-L-丙氨酰-L-脯氨酰-L-缬氨酸4-硝基苯胺(MAAPVN) 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;氢氧化钠、氯化钠、磷酸二氢钠、碳酸钙 天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司;2,2'-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)、1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼自由基(DPPH)、Trolox 西格玛奥德里奇(上海)贸易有限公司;盐酸 重庆川东化工(集团)有限公司;无水乙醇 成都金山化学试剂有限公司;表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯 西安东峰生物科技有限公司;以上所用试剂均属于分析纯。
HMS-28电热恒温水浴锅 上海一恒科学仪器有限公司;Multiskin酶标仪 美国Thermo公司;CN-LQC5003电子天平 昆山优科维特电子科技有限公司;TS-111B恒温摇床 上海天呈实验仪器制造有限公司;DZF-6050真空干燥箱 上海齐欣科学仪器有限公司;DDSJ-308F pH计 上海仪电科学仪器股份公司。
Pro-EGCG非共价物的制备参考杨美花等[13]方法,即磷酸盐缓冲液(1 mol/L,pH7.4)分别溶解定容SPI、E、C、β-L样品,得到4种5 mg/mL蛋白质溶液。该4种蛋白溶液分别与1.25 mg/mL EGCG水溶液同体积混合,25 ℃下120 r/min搅拌24 h,制成Pro-EGCG非共价物(Non-covalent complex,NC)。
4种10 mg/mL蛋白磷酸盐缓冲液(pH7.4)与2.5 mg/mL EGCG水溶液同体积混合,用1 mol/L NaOH调节pH至9.0,25 ℃下120 r/min搅拌反应24 h[14−15],制成Pro-EGCG偶联共价物(Alkaline covalent complex,AC)。
1 g蛋白质固体样品(SPI、E、C或β-L)溶于48 mL磷酸盐缓冲液(pH7.2,0.02 mol/L),加入1 mL的丙酸钠溶液(0.2%)和1 mL过氧化氢溶液(10 mol/L)后,加入0.25 g抗坏血酸粉末,混匀,25 ℃下120 r/min搅拌反应2 h,加入0.25 g EGCG粉末,混匀,25 ℃下120 r/min搅拌反应24 h[16−17]。反应结束后,制成Pro-EGCG羟自由基共价物(Covalent complex formed by hydroxyl radicals,HC)。
25 mL磷酸盐缓冲液(pH6.5,0.02 mol/L)加入50 mg蛋白固体样品(SPI、E、C或β-L)和12.5 mg EGCG粉末溶解,25 ℃下120 r/min搅拌反应2 h,加入200 U酪氨酸酶,25 ℃下120 r/min搅拌反应24 h[17−18]。反应结束后,制成Pro-EGCG酶促共价物(Enzymatic covalent complex,EC)。
Pro-EGCG复合物EGCG结合状况的测定参考杨美花等[13]方法,即在透析袋(500 Da)装入10 mL Pro-EGCG复合物溶液,扎牢后放入烧杯中,加入25 mL蒸馏水,37 ℃搅拌24 h,福林酚比色法测定透析袋外EGCG含量,根据下列公式计算Pro-EGCG复合物EGCG结合状况。
$\rm {R}_{1}(\text{%})=\left(\frac{\rho -{\rho }_{1}}{\rho }\right)\times 100 $
$\rm {R}_{2} (mg/mg\;Pro) =\left(\frac{\rho -{\rho }_{1}}{\omega }\right)\times v $
式中:R1为EGCG结合率,%;R2为EGCG结合量,mg/mg Pro;ρ为Pro-EGCG复合物制备过程中EGCG浓度,mg/mL;v为Pro-EGCG复合物体积,mL;ρ1为透析完成后,水溶液中EGCG浓度,mg/mL;ω为Pro-EGCG复合物中蛋白质质量,mg。
Pro-EGCG复合物体外抗氧化活性主要由DPPH·、ABTS+·和羟自由基(·OH)清除率等指标衡量,具体步骤如下。
DPPH·清除实验:0.4 mmol/L DPPH甲醇溶液与Pro-EGCG复合物上清液等体积混匀后,避光反应2 h,517 nm处测吸光度值[18−19]。
ABTS+·清除实验:等体积混合2.45 mmol/L过硫酸钾溶液和7 mmol/L ABTS溶液,避光反应12~16 h,调整其734 nm吸光度至0.7±0.02,将其与Pro-EGCG复合物上清液按30:1体积比混合,避光反应30 min,734 nm处测吸光度值[18−19]。
OH·清除实验:9 mmol/L FeSO4溶液、9 mmol/L水杨酸-乙醇溶液与Pro-EGCG复合物上清液等体积混匀后,加入同体积8.8 mmol/L H2O2试液,混匀,37 ℃反应30 min,510 nm处测吸光度值[18−19]。
DPPH·、ABTS+·和OH·清除率计算如公式(3)所示:
$\rm X(\text{%})=(1-A_{ \mathrm{i}} \mathrm{/A}_{ \mathrm{0}} \mathrm{)\times 100} $
式中:X为自由基清除率,%;Ai为样品吸光度;A0为空白的吸光度,即溶剂替代样品添加后的吸光度。
体外抗衰老实验主要由抗酪氨酸酶实验、抗胶原蛋白酶实验、抗弹性蛋白酶试验和抗透明质酸酶实验组成,具体操作如下。
将220 μL 1.7 mmol/L酪氨酸磷酸盐溶液(pH6.8)、5 μL Pro-EGCG复合物溶液和15 μL酪氨酸酶(500 U/mL)混匀,37 ℃孵育60 min,475 nm处测吸光度值,通过公式(4)计算Pro-EGCG复合物的酪氨酸酶抑制率[17,20]。
$\rm Z(\text{%})=(1-A_{ \mathrm{i}} \mathrm{/A}_{ \mathrm{0}} \mathrm{)\times 100} $
式中:Z为酪氨酸酶抑制率,%;Ai为样品吸光度;A0为空白的吸光度,即溶剂替代样品添加后的吸光度。
含有0.4 mol/L NaCl和0.01 mol/L CaCl2的混合液溶解甘氨酸制成浓度为50 mmol/L甘氨酸缓冲液,用来分别溶解I型胶原蛋白酶和N-[3-(2-呋喃基)丙烯酰基]-亮氨酸-甘氨酸-脯氨酸-丙氨酸等样品,制备1.1 U/mL A液(I型胶原蛋白酶溶液)和1 mmol/L的B液。酶标板中依次加入50 μL Pro-EGCG溶液、20 μL A液和60 μL甘氨酸缓冲液混合,37 ℃反应20 min,加入50 μL B液,摇匀,37 ℃反应30 min,335 nm处测其吸光度值[17,20]。
酶标板依次加入100 μL 0.05 mol/L Tris-HCl缓冲液、50 μL 0.9 U/mL弹性蛋白酶溶液和50 μL Pro-EGCG复合物液混合,25 ℃反应20 min,加入50 μL MAAPVN二甲基亚砜溶液摇匀,25 ℃反应1 h,410 nm处测其吸光度值[17,20]。
5 mL离心管中加入12.5 μL Pro-EGCG复合物溶液和0.5 mL 600 U/mL透明质酸酶溶液,混匀,37 ℃反应20 min,加入0.1 mL氯化钙溶液(2.5 mmol/L),37 ℃下反应20 min,加入0.5 mL透明质酸钠溶液(0.5 mg/mL),37 ℃反应30 min,常温静置5 min,加入0.5 mL乙酰丙酮Na2CO3溶液(即1.4 mL乙酰丙酮与20 mL 1 mol/L Na2CO3溶液混合)和0.1 mL NaOH溶液(0.4 mol/L),沸水浴15 min后立即冰浴,加1 mL埃尔利希试剂(0.8 g对二甲氨基苯甲醛溶于15 mL浓盐酸和15 mL无水乙醇),常温下显色20 min,530 nm处测定吸光度值[21]。胶原蛋白酶、弹性蛋白酶和透明质酸酶的抑制率计算参考公式(5)。
$\rm Y(\text{%})=[1-(A_{ \mathrm{0}} \mathrm{-A}_{ \mathrm{1}} \mathrm{)/(B}_{ \mathrm{0}} \mathrm{-B}_{ \mathrm{1}} \mathrm{)\times 100} $
式中:Y为酶抑制率,%;B0为不加样品液的反应体系的吸光度值;B1为不加样品液和底物液的反应体系吸光度值;A0为样品和底物溶液均添加的反应体系吸光度值;A1为不加底物的反应体系吸光度值。
体外模拟消化步骤参考Ye等[22]方法,具体操作如下:
口腔消化阶段:蒸馏水溶解0.119 g Na2HPO4、0.0095 g KH2PO4和0.4 g NaCl,并定容到50 mL,调pH至6.75,预热至37 ℃,作为口腔消化液待用。等体积量取Pro-EGCG复合物样品与口腔消化液,混匀,NaOH溶液调pH至6.8,置于摇床中,37 ℃下100 r/min孵育10 min。
胃消化阶段:蒸馏水溶解2 g NaCl,加入7 mL HCl,蒸馏水定容至1 L,调pH至1.2,用于溶解胃蛋白酶,使蛋白酶浓度为3.2 mg/mL,预热至37 ℃,作为胃消化液待用。等体积量取胃消化液和口腔消化产物,调pH至2.5,置于摇床中,37 ℃ 100 r/min孵育2 h。
小肠消化阶段:蒸馏水溶解胰酶和胆盐制备肠消化液(24 mg/mL胰酶和50 mg/mL胆盐),预热至37 ℃待用。30 mL胃消化产物调pH至7.0后,加入2.5 mL肠消化液和3.5 mL盐溶液(含0.5 mol/L CaCl2和5.6 mol/L NaCl),调pH至7.0,置于摇床,37 ℃下100 r/min孵育2 h,NaOH溶液保持消化液体系pH为7.0。检测各消化阶段中蛋白质-EGCG复合物的EGCG结合率和体外抗氧化活性的变化。
实验重复三次取平均值±标准偏差,Origin 2018绘图,SPSS 26因素显著性分析,P<0.05为差异显著的判断标准。
Pro-EGCG复合物的EGCG结合状况因蛋白质组成和结合方式不同而异。由图1可知,偶联结合能最大程度地提高Pro-EGCG复合物的EGCG结合率和结合量,即SPI-EGCG-AC、C-EGCG-AC、E-EGCG-AC和β-L-EGCG-AC的EGCG结合率分别达到91.03%、95.31%、90.05%和91.06%,展现出0.228、0.238、0.225和0.228 mg/mg Pro的EGCG结合量。与NC组比较,酶促反应改善Pro-EGCG复合物EGCG结合状况不显著(P>0.05),而羟自由基反应却一定程度地抑制蛋白质结合EGCG,SPI-EGCG-HC、C-EGCG-HC、E-EGCG-HC和β-L-EGCG-HC的EGCG结合率较其NC分别降低了54.06%、20.30%、15.78%和11.60%。相对于碱性环境和酪氨酸酶,过氧化氢作为强氧化剂和弱还原剂,不仅可以破坏蛋白质原有的空间结构,还可替代EGCG与蛋白质发生反应,导致原Pro-EGCG复合物体系中的EGCG结合率显著下降(P<0.05)。蛋白质种类影响EGCG结合状况方面,C-EGCG复合物整体上的EGCG结合状况最好(0.175~0.238 mg/mg Pro),SPI-EGCG(0.098~0.228 mg/mg Pro)和E-EGCG复合物(0.162~0.225 mg/mg Pro)次之,β-L-EGCG复合物最弱,这种蛋白质种类对Pro-EGCG复合物EGCG结合状况的影响可能是蛋白质空间结构及EGCG结合位点的差异性引起的。综合比较发现,C-EGCG-AC具有最好的EGCG结合状况(EGCG结合率和EGCG结合量分别为95.31%和0.238 mg/mg Pro),SPI-EGCG-AC次之,E-EGCG-AC最低。然而,Pro-EGCG复合物是否仍展现出优越的体外活性则有待进一步验证。
由图2可知,Pro-EGCG复合物比游离EGCG具有更高的DPPH·和OH·清除率。DPPH·清除方面,羟自由基共价反应能显著增强蛋白质-EGCG非共价物的体外活性(P<0.05),使其DPPH·清除率提升了86.73%,达到90%以上,酶促反应次之,Pro-EGCG-EC的DPPH·清除率为55%以上,Pro-EGCG-NC和Pro-EGCG-AC的DPPH·清除能力最弱,低于50%。OH·清除方面,C-EGCG复合物的形成阻碍了EGCG清除OH·活性,而其他Pro-EGCG-HC的OH·清除率却整体上达到80%以上,Pro-EGCG-NC和Pro-EGCG-AC的OH·清除率为70%~80%,清除能力次之,而Pro-EGCG-EC最差。与结合形式的影响相似,蛋白质种类也显著影响Pro-EGCG复合物的自由基清除活性(P<0.05);例如,E-EGCG复合物整体清除DPPH·效果(37.34%~96.50%)显著强于β-L-EGCG(27.39%~96.14%)和SPI-EGCG(28.73%~95.94%)复合物,而β-L-EGCG共价物清除OH·效果(74.69%~91.92%)则整体优于E-EGCG共价物(74.90%~89.14%)和SPI-EGCG复合物(70.53%~90.49%)。
与DPPH·和OH·相比,Pro-EGCG复合物清除ABTS+·的能力较弱。蛋白质种类的影响中,β-L-EGCG复合物清除ABTS+·最强,ABTS+·清除率为30.49%~34.02%,SPI-EGCG复合物次之(ABTS+·清除率为18.95%~25.05%),C-EGCG与E-EGCG复合物清除能力较弱。其中,β-L-EGCG复合物清除ABTS+·效果不受结合方式的影响(P>0.05);而所有SPI-EGCG复合物中SPI-EGCG-HC的ABTS+·清除率较SPI-EGCG-NC提高了32.19%,结合方式对其ABTS+·清除能力的影响显著(P<0.05);但对于C-EGCG-NC和E-EGCG-NC复合物来讲,共价结合反应却降低了其ABTS+·清除能力。
整体上看,Pro-EGCG-HC的DPPH·和OH·清除能力最好,以β-L-EGCG-HC和SPI-EGCG-HC的自由基清除效果最好,其DPPH·清除率分别为96.14%和95.94%,OH·清除率分别为91.92%和90.49%。
Pro-EGCG复合物体外抗衰老活性的测定由酪氨酸酶、透明质酸酶、胶原蛋白酶和弹性蛋白酶抑制率4个指标组成,分别涉及黑色素合成[23−24]、皮肤松弛[25−26]、皮肤结构和弹性[27−28]状况,这些指标共同表征人体衰老的程度。
由图3可知,Pro-EGCG复合物比游离EGCG具有更高的酪氨酸酶和弹性蛋白酶抑制率,且酶抑制率因Pro-EGCG复合物蛋白种类和结合方式而有所差异。酪氨酸酶抑制方面;羟自由基共价反应能显著(P<0.05)增加蛋白质-EGCG非共价物的酪氨酸酶抑制率,使其提升49.12%以上。Pro-EGCG-HC的酶抑制率最高(91.12%~93.34%),Pro-EGCG-NC和Pro-EGCG-AC次之(26.17%~55.20%),Pro-EGCG-EC最低(18.49%~36.99%);相对于其他蛋白质,SPI和β-L组成的Pro-EGCG-NC和Pro-EGCG-EC酪氨酸酶抑制率整体较高,而C-EGCG-HC和C-EGCG-AC的酪氨酸酶抑制作用最强,抑制率分别为93.34%和45.16%。弹性蛋白酶抑制方面,C-EGCG-EC和SPI-EGCG-EC的酶抑制作用较好,约50%左右;而SPI-EGCG-NC和SPI-EGCG-AC则显著弱于相同制备模式下的其它Pro-EGCG复合物(P<0.05)。与同剂量游离EGCG相比,Pro-EGCG复合物的胶原蛋白酶和透明质酸酶抑制作用整体较弱,可能是游离态EGCG小分子能够竞争性结合胶原蛋白酶和透明质酸酶,一定程度上阻碍了这两种酶对其底物的催化作用,展现出较强的酶抑制性;而蛋白质的加入及作用改变了原体系EGCG的分子状态,使得EGCG结合胶原蛋白酶和透明质酸酶的难度增大,恢复了酶和底物的催化反应,呈现出酶抑制率的下降。相同结合模式下,SPI-EGCG复合物的胶原蛋白酶抑制作用整体强于其它Pro-EGCG复合物,可能与SPI的空间分子结构和分子量有关。四种结合方式对SPI-EGCG复合物的胶原蛋白酶抑制率影响显著(P<0.05),其中碱环境下制备的SPI-EGCG-AC胶原蛋白酶抑制率最高(为26.05%),可能是结合方式影响SPI-EGCG复合物的空间分子结构和具体分子组成,进而改变其与胶原蛋白酶的结合作用,致使胶原蛋白酶活性的变动。
综合发现,SPI-EGCG-HC体外抗衰老活性整体较好,该结果与体外抗氧化实验结果相似。比较16种Pro-EGCG复合物EGCG结合量与体外活性的相关性发现,两者无显著关系,Pro-EGCG复合物的体外活性可能更多由其结构稳定性和生物利用率决定的[29]。采用体外消化模型,模拟Pro-EGCG复合物在口腔和胃肠道等生理条件下的消化情况,探讨各消化阶段Pro-EGCG复合物EGCG结合状况和体外活性的关系,可以准确地评估Pro-EGCG复合物结构稳定性和体外活性的相关性[30]。为了更好地区分消化过程中Pro-EGCG复合物的结构,特参考EGCG结合量数据,选择两种结构迥异的Pro-EGCG复合物(C-EGCG-AC和SPI-EGCG-HC)用于后续的实验,来探讨消化过程中Pro-EGCG复合物结构稳定性和生物活性的关系。
由图4可知,随着消化的进行,C-EGCG-AC的EGCG结合量逐渐降低,由最初的0.238 mg/mg Pro降至0.133 mg/mg Pro(肠消化后),降幅达44.07%;而SPI-EGCG-HC却呈波浪形发展,即口腔和肠消化后SPI-EGCG-HC产物的EGCG结合量较于其原始态和胃部消化态分别提高了56.12%和55.56%。SPI-EGCG-HC的EGCG结合量均显著低于同消化阶段的C-EGCG-AC(P<0.01),意味着消化过程中C-EGCG-AC的结构稳定性高于SPI-EGCG-HC。
SPI-EGCG-HC经口腔消化后EGCG结合量增加了56.12%,却在胃蛋白酶作用下降低到最初EGCG结合量的64.29%,可能是胃蛋白酶分解了SPI-EGCG-HC,向溶剂体系中释放出大量的EGCG[31],进而促进了SPI-EGCG-HC体外活性的发挥[32]。为了验证这个猜测,检测消化过程中两种Pro-EGCG共价物体外活性的变化则势在必行。本课题组研究发现,消化过程中的Pro-EGCG共价物体系掺入了大量的金属离子、蛋白酶及酸碱性离子,这些成分势必会影响衰老酶原有活性的发挥,干扰Pro-EGCG共价物对衰老酶的作用效果,导致检测结果混乱而有效性不足[33];而体外抗氧化实验则主要是对体系中自由基浓度的检测,检测结果受溶剂介质的干扰较小,结果相对有效,故体外消化过程中Pro-EGCG复合物的体外活性主要聚焦于其体外抗氧化活性的监测。
由图5可知,消化过程中SPI-EGCG-HC的自由基清除率显著高于同消化阶段的C-EGCG-AC(P<0.05),展现出较好的体外抗氧化活性。消化过程中SPI-EGCG-HC的DPPH·和ABTS+·清除率均随消化进行呈波浪式发展,即相对于SPI-EGCG-HC口腔和肠消化态的DPPH·和ABTS+·清除率比其原始态和胃消化态低,变化趋势与其EGCG结合量相反。基于这种变化,SPI-EGCG-HC较好的DPPH·和ABTS+·清除效果可能与其体系中较高的游离态EGCG含量密切正相关。相对而言,SPI-EGCG-HC的OH·清除率则随消化进程呈U形变化,即SPI-EGCG-HC口腔和胃消化态的OH·清除率较低,分别为48.20%和35.92%;SPI-EGCG-HC可能存在潜在的OH·活性位点,口腔消化液中矿物质对SPI-EGCG-HC的OH·活性位点占据及胃蛋白酶对SPI-EGCG-HC原有OH·清除活性位点的破坏均会不利于SPI-EGCG-HC的OH·清除活性的发挥[34]。由此可知,消化过程中SPI-EGCG-HC的分子稳定性与其体外抗氧化活性反相关。
本研究发现,Pro-EGCG复合物的形成有助于提高EGCG的DPPH·清除率、OH·清除率、酪氨酸抑制率和弹性蛋白酶抑制率,改善效果因蛋白质种类及结合方式有所差异。蛋白质种类影响方面,C结合EGCG的含量最高,SPI次之,E和β-L最少,且蛋白质种类对Pro-EGCG复合物体外活性的影响因活性指标不同而有所差异,其中,SPI-EGCG和C-EGCG复合物的作用效果较其它Pro-EGCG复合物更稳定。结合方式影响方面,偶联反应能显著提高Pro-EGCG非共价物的EGCG结合量,酶促反应次之,羟自由基反应效果最差。Pro-EGCG复合物体外活性与其EGCG结合量无显著关系,消化过程中Pro-EGCG复合物的体外抗氧化活性与其结构稳定性密切相关,SPI-EGCG-HC的消化结构稳定较差,容易释放游离EGCG,展现出更强的体外抗氧化活性。

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2026年第47卷第10期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050115
  • 接收时间:2025-05-14
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-05-15
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    1贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,贵州贵阳 561113
    2贵州医科大学环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州贵阳 561113
    3贵州中医药大学公共卫生学院,贵州贵阳 550025

通讯作者:

殷明月(1981−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品营养与健康,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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