Article(id=1320886383074464262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320882506312826993, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070182, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752681600000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792853454607, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1778774400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792853454607, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792853454607, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792853454607, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320882506312826993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='525', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778774400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852530314, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852530314, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=45, endPage=55, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320886383267402247, articleId=1320886383074464262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of Different Commercial Yeasts on the Quality of Sanhua Plum Wine, columnId=1261336279195726298, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Papers Invited by Guest Editors, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to select the yeast strain suitable for Sanhua plum wine production, five commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains (SY, D254, DV10, EC1118, and K1) were used for Sanhua plum wine fermentation in this study. A comprehensive evaluation of the effects of these yeast strains on Sanhua plum wine quality was conducted by analyzing basic physicochemical parameters, total phenolics and flavonoids, antioxidant activity, profiles of organic acids and amino acids, volatile compounds, and sensory characteristics. The results indicated that the wines fermented with the five yeast strains exhibited an alcohol content of 12.57%~12.97% (v/v), along with high dry extract content (40.00~43.90 g/L), and low methanol levels (30.86~37.41 mg/L). Among them, the D254-fermented Sanhua plum wine showed the lowest total acid content (8.29 g/L) and the lowest malic acid content (5.96 g/L). The DV10-fermented Sanhua plum wine exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity, as evidenced by its highest DPPH· scavenging capacity (911.26 mg VC/L) and strongest reducing power (976.40 mg VC/L). The Sanhua plum wine fermented with SY yeast demonstrated the highest amino acid content (402.33 mg/L), the most complex volatile composition, and the highest sensory evaluation score (89.90 points), indicating its superior suitability for Sanhua plum wine fermentation. This study provides a theoretical foundation for yeast selection in the production of Sanhua plum wine.

, authors=Xuexue CHEN, Yingjie GU, Wenjing XU, Lan WU, Yanyan YIN, Jianfeng HU, Hu LU, Qigao FAN*, authorsList=Xuexue CHEN, Yingjie GU, Wenjing XU, Lan WU, Yanyan YIN, Jianfeng HU, Hu LU, Qigao FAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qigao FAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320886386102751762, articleId=1320886383074464262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=不同商业酵母对三华李果酒品质的影响, columnId=1261336280563069408, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=特邀主编专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为筛选适合三华李果酒生产的酵母,本研究选用SY、D254、DV10、EC1118和K1共5种商业酿酒酵母进行三华李果酒发酵试验。通过系统分析酒样的基础理化指标、总酚、总黄酮、抗氧化活性、有机酸和氨基酸组成、挥发性成分及感官特性,综合评价不同酵母对三华李果酒品质的影响。结果表明:5种酵母发酵所得三华李果酒的酒精度在12.57%~12.97%(v/v)之间,干浸出物含量高(40.00~43.90 g/L),甲醇含量低(30.86~37.41 mg/L)。其中,D254酵母发酵的三华李果酒总酸(8.29 g/L)和苹果酸(5.96 g/L)含量最低;DV10酵母发酵的三华李果酒表现出最强的抗氧化活性,具有最高的DPPH·清除能力(911.26 mg VC/L)和还原力(976.40 mg VC/L)。SY酵母发酵的三华李果酒氨基酸含量最高(402.33 mg/L),挥发性成分组成最复杂,且感官评分最高(89.90分),更适用于三华李果酒发酵。本研究为三华李果酒生产中酵母的选择提供了理论依据。

, authors=陈雪雪, 顾英婕, 许文静, 吴兰, 尹艳艳, 胡建锋, 路虎, 范奇高*, authorsList=陈雪雪, 顾英婕, 许文静, 吴兰, 尹艳艳, 胡建锋, 路虎, 范奇高, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=范奇高, authorNote=

陈雪雪(1996−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:酿酒科学与工程,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
范奇高(1995−),男,硕士,工程师,研究方向:食品科学与工程,E-mail:。
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陈雪雪(1996−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:酿酒科学与工程,E-mail:

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陈雪雪(1996−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:酿酒科学与工程,E-mail:

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Fermentation, 2022, 8(7): 318., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320886837086896683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886383074464262, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886837095285292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886383074464262, companyId=1320886837086896683, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Guizhou Xijiu Co., Ltd., Xishui 564622, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886837103673901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886383074464262, companyId=1320886837086896683, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=贵州习酒股份有限公司,贵州习水 564622)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320886841428001379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886383074464262, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Total phenolics (A) and flavonoids (B) content of the initial fermentation broth and Sanhua plum wines, figureFileSmall=XyVfi9nsuNYeK69ltzSiVg==, figureFileBig=V7Co0KtdpCYpCt8xUnfFxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886841490915940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886383074464262, language=CN, label=图1, caption=初始发酵液及三华李果酒的总酚(A)和总黄酮(B)含量

注:图中不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),图2、图3同。

, figureFileSmall=XyVfi9nsuNYeK69ltzSiVg==, figureFileBig=V7Co0KtdpCYpCt8xUnfFxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886841583190629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886383074464262, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Antioxidant activity of the initial fermentation broth and Sanhua plum wines, figureFileSmall=1Lj6VoIia/3AriGc3o+ibA==, figureFileBig=70oCUe9humB1iEI2lDHnTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886841646105190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886383074464262, language=CN, label=图2, caption=初始发酵液及三华李果酒的抗氧化活性

注:A:ABTS+·清除活性;B:DPPH·清除活性;C:还原力。

, figureFileSmall=1Lj6VoIia/3AriGc3o+ibA==, figureFileBig=70oCUe9humB1iEI2lDHnTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886841704825447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886383074464262, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Comparison of volatile components in Sanhua plum wine fermented with different yeasts, figureFileSmall=pxBlX9VU/rsdETYxlHygWA==, figureFileBig=s8imPjj62cnnx180Lxy9rg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886841780322920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886383074464262, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同酵母发酵三华李果酒挥发性成分比较, figureFileSmall=pxBlX9VU/rsdETYxlHygWA==, figureFileBig=s8imPjj62cnnx180Lxy9rg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886841860014697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886383074464262, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=PLS-DA analysis of volatile components in Sanhua plum wine fermented with different yeast strains, figureFileSmall=o8ySBZPqd10TUyiJHHKONA==, figureFileBig=LX9cdmW2JvMEgXK/pVDtjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886841939706474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886383074464262, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同酵母发酵三华李果酒挥发性成分的PLS-DA分析

注:A:得分图;B:200次置换检验图;C:VIP预测值分布图;图中物质的编号代码对应表4。

, figureFileSmall=o8ySBZPqd10TUyiJHHKONA==, figureFileBig=LX9cdmW2JvMEgXK/pVDtjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886842011009643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886383074464262, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Radar chart for sensory evaluation of Sanhua plum wines, figureFileSmall=tjJ5AVZ4iXNgjjAKpN8QOQ==, figureFileBig=+qFOxRuTkEZugxfPp3W0uA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886842086507117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886383074464262, language=CN, label=图5, caption=三华李果酒感官评分雷达图

注:感官评分经十分制转化后绘制雷达图。

, figureFileSmall=tjJ5AVZ4iXNgjjAKpN8QOQ==, figureFileBig=+qFOxRuTkEZugxfPp3W0uA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886842153615982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886383074464262, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sensory evaluation criteria for Sanhua plum wine

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目评价标准分值(分)
色泽(5分)具有三华李果酒应有的色泽,有光泽(4~5]
具有三华李果酒应有的色泽(3~4]
不具有三华李果酒应有的色泽≤3
澄清度(5分)澄清透明、无明显悬浮物(4~5]
澄清透明、轻微有悬浮物(3~4]
浑浊、有明显悬浮物≤3
香气(30分)果香、酒香浓郁优雅,协调悦人(25~30]
果香、酒香良好,尚悦人(20~25]
果香、酒香不足,香气不良≤20
滋味(40分)酒体丰满,醇厚协调,酸味不明显(30~40]
酒体柔顺,柔和爽口,酸味可接受(20~30]
酒体寡淡,酸味、苦味较重或有其他明显的缺陷≤20
典型性(20分)典型性突出,风格独特,幽雅(15~20]
有典型性,但不够怡雅(10~15]
典型性不明显≤10
), ArticleFig(id=1320886842220724847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886383074464262, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

三华李果酒感官评价标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目评价标准分值(分)
色泽(5分)具有三华李果酒应有的色泽,有光泽(4~5]
具有三华李果酒应有的色泽(3~4]
不具有三华李果酒应有的色泽≤3
澄清度(5分)澄清透明、无明显悬浮物(4~5]
澄清透明、轻微有悬浮物(3~4]
浑浊、有明显悬浮物≤3
香气(30分)果香、酒香浓郁优雅,协调悦人(25~30]
果香、酒香良好,尚悦人(20~25]
果香、酒香不足,香气不良≤20
滋味(40分)酒体丰满,醇厚协调,酸味不明显(30~40]
酒体柔顺,柔和爽口,酸味可接受(20~30]
酒体寡淡,酸味、苦味较重或有其他明显的缺陷≤20
典型性(20分)典型性突出,风格独特,幽雅(15~20]
有典型性,但不够怡雅(10~15]
典型性不明显≤10
), ArticleFig(id=1320886843860697712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886383074464262, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Basic physicochemical parameters of Sanhua plum wine fermented with different yeasts

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称发酵时长(d)总糖(g/L)酒精度(%,v/v)总酸(g/L)干浸出物(g/L)甲醇(mg/L)
SY9±1a3.09±0.09b12.71±0.10bc10.31±0.12a43.90±0.41a36.82±0.92a
D2548±1a3.32±0.04ab12.80±0.08ab8.29±0.03c40.80±0.14c30.86±0.77b
DV109±1a3.44±0.15a12.91±0.11a10.38±0.02a43.63±0.21a37.41±0.94a
EC11189±1a3.35±0.11ab12.97±0.11a9.59±0.13b42.70±0.14b36.55±0.91a
K19±1a3.45±0.21a12.57±0.09c9.76±0.02b40.00±0.14d37.39±0.93a
), ArticleFig(id=1320886843940389489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886383074464262, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同酵母发酵三华李果酒的基础理化指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称发酵时长(d)总糖(g/L)酒精度(%,v/v)总酸(g/L)干浸出物(g/L)甲醇(mg/L)
SY9±1a3.09±0.09b12.71±0.10bc10.31±0.12a43.90±0.41a36.82±0.92a
D2548±1a3.32±0.04ab12.80±0.08ab8.29±0.03c40.80±0.14c30.86±0.77b
DV109±1a3.44±0.15a12.91±0.11a10.38±0.02a43.63±0.21a37.41±0.94a
EC11189±1a3.35±0.11ab12.97±0.11a9.59±0.13b42.70±0.14b36.55±0.91a
K19±1a3.45±0.21a12.57±0.09c9.76±0.02b40.00±0.14d37.39±0.93a
), ArticleFig(id=1320886844007498354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886383074464262, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Composition of organic acids and amino acids of the initial fermentation broth and Sanha plum wines

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目含量
DZSYD254DV10EC1118K1
有机酸
L-酒石酸0.22±0.02ab0.16±0.01c0.21±0.02b0.22±0ab0.23±0.01a0.24±0.01a
L-苹果酸8.53±0.05a7.45±0.02c5.96±0.01f7.56±0.03b6.81±0.01d6.64±0.01e
乳酸0.05±0d0.61±0.04b0.47±0.04c0.71±0.04a0.61±0.02b0.63±0.02b
乙酸ND0.62±0.01a0.54±0.04bc0.52±0.02c0.52±0.01c0.56±0.02b
柠檬酸0.13±0.01c0.56±0.08a0.54±0.01a0.42±0.03b0.45±0.01b0.38±0.01b
琥珀酸0.61±0.02a0.53±0.02b0.42±0.01c0.42±0.03c0.40±0.03c0.50±0.02b
小计9.55±0.09b9.94±0.14a8.14±0.01d9.85±0.10a9.03±0.06c8.95±0.01c
氨基酸
苏氨酸36.79±0.52a28.83±0.82b23.88±0.28d26.08±0.20c22.81±0.66d23.61±0.64d
丝氨酸331.70±6.22a137.78±1.80b50.40±0.35d102.33±1.04c58.55±0.50d27.28±0.28e
谷氨酸25.75±1.25a17.25±0.75c19.55±0.59b15.53±0.71d18.55±0.71bc13.22±0.32e
脯氨酸116.96±1.78a99.30±0.91d99.27±1.08d107.57±0.90c108.13±0.82c112.27±0.97b
甘氨酸3.54±0.03d7.90±0.24c10.09±0.34a9.38±0.30b10.58±0.47a7.76±0.09c
丙氨酸56.41±0.35a36.84±0.40e39.12±0.29d50.39±0.60c54.95±0.45b32.34±0.24f
胱氨酸0.65±0.02e9.63±0.08c8.43±0.16d10.40±0.16b10.37±0.38b13.52±0.69a
缬氨酸17.93±0.11a1.71±0.10d3.93±0.15b2.10±0.08c2.23±0.14c3.90±0.03b
蛋氨酸0.66±0.02e2.10±0.07d3.03±0.16b2.50±0.11c2.36±0.04c3.22±0.02a
异亮氨酸11.17±0.07a1.43±0.08e3.21±0.15c1.83±0.12d1.97±0.15d3.64±0.11b
亮氨酸4.76±0.04f7.47±0.15e13.19±0.16b9.33±0.17d9.72±0.28c13.58±0.11a
酪氨酸1.68±0.02f3.00±0.03e4.49±0.12b3.35±0.03d3.69±0.07c4.83±0.07a
苯丙氨酸1.35±0.03e3.70±0.11d4.88±0.28b3.94±0.19cd4.20±0.28c7.10±0.14a
组氨酸12.09±0.07a9.48±0.41c9.20±0.17cd9.19±0.15cd9.03±0.10d11.58±0.12b
赖氨酸2.71±0.04d8.12±0.27c10.99±0.65b10.52±1.04b8.62±0.13c12.67±0.13a
精氨酸16.85±0.51d27.77±0.80c30.08±0.17b27.26±0.60c29.42±0.38b38.10±0.79a
天冬氨酸NDNDNDNDNDND
小计641.01±5.52a402.33±3.64b333.74±2.25e391.69±3.14c355.16±4.32d328.62±4.00e
), ArticleFig(id=1320886844108161651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886383074464262, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

初始发酵液及三华李果酒的有机酸和氨基酸组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目含量
DZSYD254DV10EC1118K1
有机酸
L-酒石酸0.22±0.02ab0.16±0.01c0.21±0.02b0.22±0ab0.23±0.01a0.24±0.01a
L-苹果酸8.53±0.05a7.45±0.02c5.96±0.01f7.56±0.03b6.81±0.01d6.64±0.01e
乳酸0.05±0d0.61±0.04b0.47±0.04c0.71±0.04a0.61±0.02b0.63±0.02b
乙酸ND0.62±0.01a0.54±0.04bc0.52±0.02c0.52±0.01c0.56±0.02b
柠檬酸0.13±0.01c0.56±0.08a0.54±0.01a0.42±0.03b0.45±0.01b0.38±0.01b
琥珀酸0.61±0.02a0.53±0.02b0.42±0.01c0.42±0.03c0.40±0.03c0.50±0.02b
小计9.55±0.09b9.94±0.14a8.14±0.01d9.85±0.10a9.03±0.06c8.95±0.01c
氨基酸
苏氨酸36.79±0.52a28.83±0.82b23.88±0.28d26.08±0.20c22.81±0.66d23.61±0.64d
丝氨酸331.70±6.22a137.78±1.80b50.40±0.35d102.33±1.04c58.55±0.50d27.28±0.28e
谷氨酸25.75±1.25a17.25±0.75c19.55±0.59b15.53±0.71d18.55±0.71bc13.22±0.32e
脯氨酸116.96±1.78a99.30±0.91d99.27±1.08d107.57±0.90c108.13±0.82c112.27±0.97b
甘氨酸3.54±0.03d7.90±0.24c10.09±0.34a9.38±0.30b10.58±0.47a7.76±0.09c
丙氨酸56.41±0.35a36.84±0.40e39.12±0.29d50.39±0.60c54.95±0.45b32.34±0.24f
胱氨酸0.65±0.02e9.63±0.08c8.43±0.16d10.40±0.16b10.37±0.38b13.52±0.69a
缬氨酸17.93±0.11a1.71±0.10d3.93±0.15b2.10±0.08c2.23±0.14c3.90±0.03b
蛋氨酸0.66±0.02e2.10±0.07d3.03±0.16b2.50±0.11c2.36±0.04c3.22±0.02a
异亮氨酸11.17±0.07a1.43±0.08e3.21±0.15c1.83±0.12d1.97±0.15d3.64±0.11b
亮氨酸4.76±0.04f7.47±0.15e13.19±0.16b9.33±0.17d9.72±0.28c13.58±0.11a
酪氨酸1.68±0.02f3.00±0.03e4.49±0.12b3.35±0.03d3.69±0.07c4.83±0.07a
苯丙氨酸1.35±0.03e3.70±0.11d4.88±0.28b3.94±0.19cd4.20±0.28c7.10±0.14a
组氨酸12.09±0.07a9.48±0.41c9.20±0.17cd9.19±0.15cd9.03±0.10d11.58±0.12b
赖氨酸2.71±0.04d8.12±0.27c10.99±0.65b10.52±1.04b8.62±0.13c12.67±0.13a
精氨酸16.85±0.51d27.77±0.80c30.08±0.17b27.26±0.60c29.42±0.38b38.10±0.79a
天冬氨酸NDNDNDNDNDND
小计641.01±5.52a402.33±3.64b333.74±2.25e391.69±3.14c355.16±4.32d328.62±4.00e
), ArticleFig(id=1320886844187853428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886383074464262, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Volatile compounds in Sanhua plum wine fermented with different yeasts

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物编号化合物名称相对含量(µg/L)
SYD254DV10EC1118K1
酯类
Est1辛酸乙酯3215.16±114.16b3779.51±663.85a3116.57±109.35bc3210.79±281.72b2336.36±165.50c
Est2癸酸乙酯2390.14±33.83b3110.92±591.92a2365.63±135.97b2832.72±212.80ab2310.49±161.11b
Est3月桂酸乙酯820.79±10.87ab833.07±108.63ab754.28±41.42b922.13±79.84a576.89±50.19c
Est4乙酸乙酯792.38±4.95b1347.41±202.48a1582.51±61.18a1377.77±434.65a1531.87±236.61a
Est5正己酸乙酯746.87±77.93ab829.97±105.76a884.05±203.69a946.45±96.24a573.86±79.18b
Est6苯甲酸乙酯416.07±20.40a338.19±27.18c380.26±9.69b380.16±11.74b297.38±12.57d
Est7乙酸异戊酯287.52±51.15d480.01±66.99ab391.08±2.44c411.17±51.43bc511.68±13.35a
Est8棕榈酸乙酯142.51±2.03b86.03±3.04c151.55±0.68a145.14±3.82ab72.48±6.13d
Est9十四酸乙酯89.98±5.33a65.55±14.02b68.86±4.07b101.71±7.16a73.35±2.77b
Est10辛酸异戊酯68.78±0.92c179.65±41.56a123.34±15.33b151.11±46.64abND
Est11丁酸乙酯86.73±24.76b148.80±28.08a121.89±7.56ab128.63±29.67ab157.14±43.61a
Est12丁二酸二乙酯63.92±2.35a57.16±2.91bNDNDND
Est13癸酸异戊酯43.36±2.25c87.85±10.34a48.59±2.05c70.93±5.54b45.82±3.30c
Est14辛酸甲酯35.11±2.02ab40.53±7.23a32.10±0.48b32.17±3.28b20.61±3.22c
Est15水杨酸甲酯23.12±0.02bc32.03±3.29a20.50±0.31c25.50±1.97b25.08±2.99b
Est16壬酸乙酯22.92±0.04b37.69±10.55a19.44±1.74b19.61±1.38b25.19±4.14b
Est17乙酸己酯24.94±2.75c22.00±5.37c49.50±0.87a30.75±2.33b44.43±1.91a
Est18癸酸甲酯20.94±0.42ab26.40±5.37a21.07±3.23ab24.86±3.34a17.63±0.60b
Est19辛酸丙酯19.13±0.16a8.11±1.93c17.34±0.42a11.74±1.70b7.34±0.40c
Est20癸酸正丙酯18.59±0.36a6.56±1.73d13.11±0.12b9.17±0.63c6.28±0.62d
Est21乙酸异丁酯22.32±5.49b38.15±6.05b37.95±0.05b36.84±7.73b71.53±28.01a
Est22癸酸异丁酯16.55±0.01c28.85±6.64ab22.77±0.25b31.95±2.10a24.69±2.42b
Est23己酸异戊酯10.73±0.25c19.48±4.45a13.87±0.85bc17.50±1.24ab5.78±0.69d
Est24乙基9-癸烯酸酯10.68±0.36c34.04±7.19a11.89±0.67c14.11±1.62c20.87±1.88b
Est25肉桂酸乙酯6.34±0.43a5.01±1.08b5.17±0.09ab5.16±0.57ab3.95±0.55b
Est26月桂酸甲酯4.69±0.17a4.56±1.07a3.90±0.29ab4.40±0.56a3.07±0.59b
Est27己酸丙酯4.62±0.31a1.25±0.27b4.77±1.82a1.82±0.23bND
Est28十一酸乙酯2.05±0.12b3.83±1.48a1.82±0.34b2.85±0.07ab3.19±0.87ab
Est292-甲基丁酸乙酯1.61±0.02b2.84±0.17aNDNDND
Est303-羟基辛酸乙酯3.76±0.28b5.84±1.95a2.61±0.13b3.30±0.40b2.53±0.30b
Est31己酸甲酯3.05±0.21bND9.01±0.78a9.18±0.29aND
Est32乙酸甲酯ND11.02±1.70aND4.79±0.52b11.76±2.12a
Est33十八酸乙酯ND7.26±0.04a7.55±0.08a7.08±0.43a6.43±0.65b
Est34庚酸乙酯NDND2.72±0.12b3.65±0.09aND
Est353-羟基丁酸乙酯NDND2.95±0b3.95±0.74aND
Est36乙酸叶醇酯NDND0.71±0.01NDND
Est37己酸异丁酯NDNDNDND2.81±0.25
Est38γ-丁内酯10.92±3.23a6.32±1.74bc9.16±0.35ab5.58±0.41c4.34±0.39c
醇类
Alc1异戊醇3590.91±375.90c4747.96±394.44a3572.12±79.07c4004.05±272.62bc4131.44±61.04b
Alc2正丙醇318.02±7.72a62.74±2.42c304.60±5.12a186.99±22.90b170.75±9.11b
Alc3异丁醇338.48±48.47d490.05±43.88c609.57±1.14b710.61±46.90a780.39±44.28a
Alc4(2R,3R)-(-)-2,3-丁二醇18.61±4.52cd24.82±5.90bc47.36±1.96a28.23±4.26b12.42±1.50d
Alc5反式-3-己烯-1-醇5.59±1.32b5.23±0.47b6.68±0.45b5.33±0.09b60.60±5.13a
Alc61,3-丙二醇单乙醚35.31±4.68aND21.00±5.20bNDND
酸类
Aci1乙酸613.07±24.93a761.01±115.01a328.21±25.05b339.11±85.26b426.17±110.11b
Aci2辛酸371.80±28.29a388.37±114.87a270.65±5.66ab328.26±57.40ab219.42±71.73b
Aci3己酸173.09±3.83a163.11±26.24a145.63±12.66a152.90±15.61a83.10±11.46b
Aci42-甲基丁酸ND13.54±4.38a13.01±0.66aND6.57±1.54b
Aci5异丁酸9.36±0.73b18.47±2.16a13.01±1.38b12.00±1.79b10.47±3.01b
芳香族
Aro12,4-二叔丁基苯酚141.45±4.45a158.74±43.23a87.39±0.79b141.82±5.24a142.07±19.12a
Aro2苯甲醇87.55±4.11NDNDNDND
Aro3苯乙烯5.99±0.58ab7.18±1.23a6.25±0.39ab5.85±0.44b6.56±0.09ab
Aro4乙酸苄酯0.97±0.01aND0.86±0.07bNDND
Aro5苯乙酸丁香酚酯ND51.33±14.87a24.53±0.96c33.51±3.68bc42.84±10.87ab
酮类
Ket12-壬酮1.44±0.14NDNDNDND
Ket2大马士酮5.71±0.28ab5.99±1.29a4.55±0.01b5.10±0.41ab5.26±0.53ab
萜烯类
Ter1香茅醇7.33±0.67NDNDNDND
), ArticleFig(id=1320886844280128117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886383074464262, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同酵母发酵三华李果酒的挥发性化合物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物编号化合物名称相对含量(µg/L)
SYD254DV10EC1118K1
酯类
Est1辛酸乙酯3215.16±114.16b3779.51±663.85a3116.57±109.35bc3210.79±281.72b2336.36±165.50c
Est2癸酸乙酯2390.14±33.83b3110.92±591.92a2365.63±135.97b2832.72±212.80ab2310.49±161.11b
Est3月桂酸乙酯820.79±10.87ab833.07±108.63ab754.28±41.42b922.13±79.84a576.89±50.19c
Est4乙酸乙酯792.38±4.95b1347.41±202.48a1582.51±61.18a1377.77±434.65a1531.87±236.61a
Est5正己酸乙酯746.87±77.93ab829.97±105.76a884.05±203.69a946.45±96.24a573.86±79.18b
Est6苯甲酸乙酯416.07±20.40a338.19±27.18c380.26±9.69b380.16±11.74b297.38±12.57d
Est7乙酸异戊酯287.52±51.15d480.01±66.99ab391.08±2.44c411.17±51.43bc511.68±13.35a
Est8棕榈酸乙酯142.51±2.03b86.03±3.04c151.55±0.68a145.14±3.82ab72.48±6.13d
Est9十四酸乙酯89.98±5.33a65.55±14.02b68.86±4.07b101.71±7.16a73.35±2.77b
Est10辛酸异戊酯68.78±0.92c179.65±41.56a123.34±15.33b151.11±46.64abND
Est11丁酸乙酯86.73±24.76b148.80±28.08a121.89±7.56ab128.63±29.67ab157.14±43.61a
Est12丁二酸二乙酯63.92±2.35a57.16±2.91bNDNDND
Est13癸酸异戊酯43.36±2.25c87.85±10.34a48.59±2.05c70.93±5.54b45.82±3.30c
Est14辛酸甲酯35.11±2.02ab40.53±7.23a32.10±0.48b32.17±3.28b20.61±3.22c
Est15水杨酸甲酯23.12±0.02bc32.03±3.29a20.50±0.31c25.50±1.97b25.08±2.99b
Est16壬酸乙酯22.92±0.04b37.69±10.55a19.44±1.74b19.61±1.38b25.19±4.14b
Est17乙酸己酯24.94±2.75c22.00±5.37c49.50±0.87a30.75±2.33b44.43±1.91a
Est18癸酸甲酯20.94±0.42ab26.40±5.37a21.07±3.23ab24.86±3.34a17.63±0.60b
Est19辛酸丙酯19.13±0.16a8.11±1.93c17.34±0.42a11.74±1.70b7.34±0.40c
Est20癸酸正丙酯18.59±0.36a6.56±1.73d13.11±0.12b9.17±0.63c6.28±0.62d
Est21乙酸异丁酯22.32±5.49b38.15±6.05b37.95±0.05b36.84±7.73b71.53±28.01a
Est22癸酸异丁酯16.55±0.01c28.85±6.64ab22.77±0.25b31.95±2.10a24.69±2.42b
Est23己酸异戊酯10.73±0.25c19.48±4.45a13.87±0.85bc17.50±1.24ab5.78±0.69d
Est24乙基9-癸烯酸酯10.68±0.36c34.04±7.19a11.89±0.67c14.11±1.62c20.87±1.88b
Est25肉桂酸乙酯6.34±0.43a5.01±1.08b5.17±0.09ab5.16±0.57ab3.95±0.55b
Est26月桂酸甲酯4.69±0.17a4.56±1.07a3.90±0.29ab4.40±0.56a3.07±0.59b
Est27己酸丙酯4.62±0.31a1.25±0.27b4.77±1.82a1.82±0.23bND
Est28十一酸乙酯2.05±0.12b3.83±1.48a1.82±0.34b2.85±0.07ab3.19±0.87ab
Est292-甲基丁酸乙酯1.61±0.02b2.84±0.17aNDNDND
Est303-羟基辛酸乙酯3.76±0.28b5.84±1.95a2.61±0.13b3.30±0.40b2.53±0.30b
Est31己酸甲酯3.05±0.21bND9.01±0.78a9.18±0.29aND
Est32乙酸甲酯ND11.02±1.70aND4.79±0.52b11.76±2.12a
Est33十八酸乙酯ND7.26±0.04a7.55±0.08a7.08±0.43a6.43±0.65b
Est34庚酸乙酯NDND2.72±0.12b3.65±0.09aND
Est353-羟基丁酸乙酯NDND2.95±0b3.95±0.74aND
Est36乙酸叶醇酯NDND0.71±0.01NDND
Est37己酸异丁酯NDNDNDND2.81±0.25
Est38γ-丁内酯10.92±3.23a6.32±1.74bc9.16±0.35ab5.58±0.41c4.34±0.39c
醇类
Alc1异戊醇3590.91±375.90c4747.96±394.44a3572.12±79.07c4004.05±272.62bc4131.44±61.04b
Alc2正丙醇318.02±7.72a62.74±2.42c304.60±5.12a186.99±22.90b170.75±9.11b
Alc3异丁醇338.48±48.47d490.05±43.88c609.57±1.14b710.61±46.90a780.39±44.28a
Alc4(2R,3R)-(-)-2,3-丁二醇18.61±4.52cd24.82±5.90bc47.36±1.96a28.23±4.26b12.42±1.50d
Alc5反式-3-己烯-1-醇5.59±1.32b5.23±0.47b6.68±0.45b5.33±0.09b60.60±5.13a
Alc61,3-丙二醇单乙醚35.31±4.68aND21.00±5.20bNDND
酸类
Aci1乙酸613.07±24.93a761.01±115.01a328.21±25.05b339.11±85.26b426.17±110.11b
Aci2辛酸371.80±28.29a388.37±114.87a270.65±5.66ab328.26±57.40ab219.42±71.73b
Aci3己酸173.09±3.83a163.11±26.24a145.63±12.66a152.90±15.61a83.10±11.46b
Aci42-甲基丁酸ND13.54±4.38a13.01±0.66aND6.57±1.54b
Aci5异丁酸9.36±0.73b18.47±2.16a13.01±1.38b12.00±1.79b10.47±3.01b
芳香族
Aro12,4-二叔丁基苯酚141.45±4.45a158.74±43.23a87.39±0.79b141.82±5.24a142.07±19.12a
Aro2苯甲醇87.55±4.11NDNDNDND
Aro3苯乙烯5.99±0.58ab7.18±1.23a6.25±0.39ab5.85±0.44b6.56±0.09ab
Aro4乙酸苄酯0.97±0.01aND0.86±0.07bNDND
Aro5苯乙酸丁香酚酯ND51.33±14.87a24.53±0.96c33.51±3.68bc42.84±10.87ab
酮类
Ket12-壬酮1.44±0.14NDNDNDND
Ket2大马士酮5.71±0.28ab5.99±1.29a4.55±0.01b5.10±0.41ab5.26±0.53ab
萜烯类
Ter1香茅醇7.33±0.67NDNDNDND
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不同商业酵母对三华李果酒品质的影响
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陈雪雪 , 顾英婕 , 许文静 , 吴兰 , 尹艳艳 , 胡建锋 , 路虎 , 范奇高 *
食品工业科技 | 特邀主编专栏 2026,47(10): 45-55
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食品工业科技 |特邀主编专栏 2026 , 47 (10) : 45 -55
不同商业酵母对三华李果酒品质的影响
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陈雪雪 , 顾英婕, 许文静, 吴兰, 尹艳艳, 胡建锋, 路虎, 范奇高*
作者信息
  • 贵州习酒股份有限公司,贵州习水 564622
通讯作者:
范奇高(1995−),男,硕士,工程师,研究方向:食品科学与工程,E-mail:。
作者简介:

陈雪雪(1996−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:酿酒科学与工程,E-mail:

Effect of Different Commercial Yeasts on the Quality of Sanhua Plum Wine
Xuexue CHEN , Yingjie GU, Wenjing XU, Lan WU, Yanyan YIN, Jianfeng HU, Hu LU, Qigao FAN*
Affiliations
  • Guizhou Xijiu Co., Ltd., Xishui 564622, China
出版时间: 2026-05-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070182
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为筛选适合三华李果酒生产的酵母,本研究选用SY、D254、DV10、EC1118和K1共5种商业酿酒酵母进行三华李果酒发酵试验。通过系统分析酒样的基础理化指标、总酚、总黄酮、抗氧化活性、有机酸和氨基酸组成、挥发性成分及感官特性,综合评价不同酵母对三华李果酒品质的影响。结果表明:5种酵母发酵所得三华李果酒的酒精度在12.57%~12.97%(v/v)之间,干浸出物含量高(40.00~43.90 g/L),甲醇含量低(30.86~37.41 mg/L)。其中,D254酵母发酵的三华李果酒总酸(8.29 g/L)和苹果酸(5.96 g/L)含量最低;DV10酵母发酵的三华李果酒表现出最强的抗氧化活性,具有最高的DPPH·清除能力(911.26 mg VC/L)和还原力(976.40 mg VC/L)。SY酵母发酵的三华李果酒氨基酸含量最高(402.33 mg/L),挥发性成分组成最复杂,且感官评分最高(89.90分),更适用于三华李果酒发酵。本研究为三华李果酒生产中酵母的选择提供了理论依据。

三华李果酒  /  商业酵母  /  抗氧化  /  有机酸  /  氨基酸  /  挥发性成分

In order to select the yeast strain suitable for Sanhua plum wine production, five commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains (SY, D254, DV10, EC1118, and K1) were used for Sanhua plum wine fermentation in this study. A comprehensive evaluation of the effects of these yeast strains on Sanhua plum wine quality was conducted by analyzing basic physicochemical parameters, total phenolics and flavonoids, antioxidant activity, profiles of organic acids and amino acids, volatile compounds, and sensory characteristics. The results indicated that the wines fermented with the five yeast strains exhibited an alcohol content of 12.57%~12.97% (v/v), along with high dry extract content (40.00~43.90 g/L), and low methanol levels (30.86~37.41 mg/L). Among them, the D254-fermented Sanhua plum wine showed the lowest total acid content (8.29 g/L) and the lowest malic acid content (5.96 g/L). The DV10-fermented Sanhua plum wine exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity, as evidenced by its highest DPPH· scavenging capacity (911.26 mg VC/L) and strongest reducing power (976.40 mg VC/L). The Sanhua plum wine fermented with SY yeast demonstrated the highest amino acid content (402.33 mg/L), the most complex volatile composition, and the highest sensory evaluation score (89.90 points), indicating its superior suitability for Sanhua plum wine fermentation. This study provides a theoretical foundation for yeast selection in the production of Sanhua plum wine.

Sanhua plum wine  /  commercial yeast  /  antioxidant  /  organic acid  /  amino acid  /  volatile composition
陈雪雪, 顾英婕, 许文静, 吴兰, 尹艳艳, 胡建锋, 路虎, 范奇高. 不同商业酵母对三华李果酒品质的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (10) : 45 -55 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070182
Xuexue CHEN, Yingjie GU, Wenjing XU, Lan WU, Yanyan YIN, Jianfeng HU, Hu LU, Qigao FAN. Effect of Different Commercial Yeasts on the Quality of Sanhua Plum Wine[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (10) : 45 -55 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070182
三华李作为蔷薇科李属植物的代表性品种,是我国南方特色水果资源,其果实富含有机酸、氨基酸及多酚类活性成分,具有出色的营养价值[1−2]。目前三华李产业存在两大瓶颈:一方面,鲜果因固有高酸特性导致鲜食适口性较差;另一方面,加工方式局限于蜜饯等传统制品,产品附加值较低[3]。近年来,随着果酒消费市场的快速扩张,酒精度低、口感清爽、风味独特的发酵型果酒因其良好的健康属性,已成为年轻消费群体日常饮品的重要组成部分[4−5]。以三华李为原料开发发酵型果酒,不仅可解决鲜果适口性问题,更能通过深加工技术提升产品附加值,同时为功能型果酒市场提供差异化产品,对促进特色水果资源的高值化利用具有重要意义。
果酒中挥发性风味物质的形成主要源于果实基质、发酵菌株及酿造工艺,其组成与含量是决定果酒品质的重要因素[6]。在酒精发酵过程中,酿酒酵母通过糖酵解途径将可发酵糖转化为乙醇及多种次级代谢产物(如高级醇、酯类、有机酸等),这些化合物对果酒的理化及感官品质具有重要影响[7−8]。现阶段果酒生产研究中应用的酿酒酵母主要分为商业酿酒酵母和本土酿酒酵母两大类[9]。二者在发酵动力学特性、对终产品理化及感官品质的影响以及适用场景方面均存在明显差异。其中,本土酿酒酵母因其独特的代谢特性,能够产生更为复杂且具有特征性的风味化合物,从而赋予酒体典型的地域特色,已成为发酵微生物资源挖掘与特色果酒开发研究的重要方向[10−12]。相比之下,商业酵母菌株经过定向选育和系统化评估,具备启酵快、代谢稳定、耐受性强及工艺可控性高等核心优势,在现代酿酒工业的规模化生产中占据主导地位[4,11]。
目前,关于酿酒酵母对三华李果酒品质影响的研究较为有限。吴德光等[13]从三华李果汁中分离出一株能耐受14%乙醇和3.5%柠檬酸的酿酒酵母菌株SHL3。该菌株在三华李果酒发酵过程中表现出优异的发酵性能,包括残糖量低、酒精产量高、酸合成能力强及酯类物质生成量丰富,展现出作为三华李果酒专用发酵菌株的应用潜力。海金萍等[14]比较了安琪高活性酵母、马利干酵母及其混合发酵对三华李果酒酒精度和残糖量的影响,筛选出发酵性能更优的马利干酵母作为发酵菌株。然而,系统评价不同商业酵母菌株对三华李果酒理化及感官品质影响的研究尚未见报道。
本研究选取5种典型的商业酿酒酵母(SY、D254、DV10、EC1118、K1),系统比较其对三华李果酒理化及感官品质的影响,进而筛选出适宜三华李果酒酿造的最优菌株,旨在为三华李果酒的产业化生产提供科学理论依据。
三华李鲜果 市售;葡萄酒果酒专用酵母SY 安琪酵母股份有限公司;葡萄酒果酒专用酵母D254、DV10、EC1118、K1 法国Lallemand公司;果胶酶(酶活力≥4000 U/g) 食品级,帝斯曼公司;酒石酸钾钠、葡萄糖、铁氰化钾、氢氧化钠、酚酞、碳酸钠、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸、三氯化铁、三氯乙酸等 分析纯,国药集团化学试剂公司;2,2'-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothi azoline 6-sulfonic acid)ammonium salt,ABTS]、2,2-联苯基-1-苦基肼基(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH) 分析纯,上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;L-苹果酸、L-酒石酸、乳酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸(色谱纯)、福林酚(生物技术级) 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;氨基酸标准品(17种) 赛卡姆(北京)科学仪器有限公司;2-辛醇、甲醇 色谱纯,Sigma-Aldrich公司。
HR1889慢速螺旋压榨式大口径原汁机 飞利浦家电(中国)投资有限公司;SPL-450低温培养箱 天津市莱玻特瑞仪器设备有限公司;Multiskan SkyHigh全波长酶标仪 美国赛默飞;MGZ-220-4大容量高速台式离心机 上海丙林电子科技有限公司;SYKAM S433D全自动氨基酸分析仪 德国赛卡姆;1260高效液相色谱仪、箭型顶空固相微萃取三相萃取头(DVB/CWR/PDMS)、GC 8890-MSD 5977B型气相色谱-质谱联用仪 美国安捷伦科技有限公司。
选取无病虫害、成熟度一致的三华李鲜果,洗净沥干后去核打碎,按果浆重量的30%加入无菌水,充分搅拌均匀。取1 kg混合液置于1.5 L无菌发酵罐中,加入白砂糖将可溶性固形物含量调整至20°Brix(对应预设酒精度为12%(v/v))。再依次加入焦亚硫酸钾(100 mg/kg)、果胶酶(2 mL/kg)和酿酒酵母(0.3 g/kg),混匀后于20±1 ℃进行主发酵,设置3个平行组。采用CO2失重法[15]监测发酵进程,当日失重<0.6 g时判定主发酵结束。发酵液在5000 r/min条件下离心10 min后取上清液于4 ℃陈酿60 d,取样于-20 ℃储存待分析。以不添加酵母的初始发酵液为对照(DZ),其他条件严格一致。
根据GB/T 15038-2006《葡萄酒、果酒通用分析方法》[16]测定三华李果酒的总糖(以葡萄糖计)、酒精度、总酸(以酒石酸计)、干浸出物和甲醇含量。
采用Folin-Ciocalteu法[17]测定,含量以没食子酸当量表示(mg GAE/L),标准曲线回归方程为y=0.0032x+0.0135,R2=0.9971。
采用硝酸铝比色法[18]测定,含量以芦丁当量表示(mg RE/L),标准曲线回归方程为y=0.0007x+0.0345,R2=0.9965。
三华李果酒的ABTS+·清除活性、DPPH·清除活性和还原力的测定参考Chen等[19]的方法并进行修改,均以维生素C(Vitamin C,VC)作为阳性对照。
将14 mmol/L ABTS溶液和4.9 mmol/L过硫酸钾溶液等体积混合,室温下避光反应16 h后用超纯水稀释85倍得到ABTS工作液。分别吸取2.90 mL ABTS工作液+0.1 mL稀释样品(16倍)、2.90 mL ABTS工作液+0.1 mL超纯水,混匀后避光反应6 min,测定反应液在734 nm处的吸光度,分别记为A1、A2。以VC质量浓度为横坐标(范围为0~150 mg/L)、ABTS+·清除率为纵坐标,绘制得到标准曲线y=0.601x+0.5545,R2=0.9998。ABTS+·清除率计算公式如下:
$ \mathrm{ABTS}^{ \mathrm+} \cdot \mathrm{清除率(\text{%})=[(A}_{ \mathrm{2}} \mathrm{-A}_{ \mathrm{1}} \mathrm{)/A}_{ \mathrm{2}} ]\times 100 $
配制0.2 mmol/L的DPPH乙醇溶液,分别吸取2 mL DPPH乙醇溶液+2 mL稀释样品(70倍)、2 mL DPPH乙醇溶液+2 mL乙醇,混匀后避光反应30 min,测定反应液在517 nm处的吸光度,分别记为A1、A2。以VC质量浓度为横坐标(范围为0~12.5 mg/L)、DPPH·清除率为纵坐标,绘制得到标准曲线y=4.5068x+13.637,R2=0.9990。DPPH·清除率计算公式如下:
$\rm DPPH\cdot 清除率(\text{%})=[(A_{ \mathrm{2}} \mathrm{-A}_{ \mathrm{1}} \mathrm{)/A}_{ \mathrm{2}} ]\times 100 $
在10 mL棕色离心管中依次加入0.9 mL超纯水、0.1 mL待测样品、2.5 mL 0.2 mol/L的磷酸缓冲液(pH6.6)和2.5 mL 1%铁氰化钾溶液,摇匀后于50 ℃水浴20 min,然后加入2.5 mL 10%三氯乙酸,摇匀后于6000×g离心5 min。取2.5 mL上清液于新的10 mL棕色离心管中,并加入2.5 mL超纯水和0.5 mL 0.1%三氯化铁,摇匀后在700 nm处测定吸光度。空白测定:在相同条件下,用0.1 mL超纯水代替0.1 mL待测样品。以VC质量浓度为横坐标(范围为0~1500 mg/L),700 nm处的吸光度为纵坐标,绘制得到标准曲线y=0.0005x+0.0115,R2=0.9992。
采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定样品中的有机酸含量,参考陈秋竹等[20]的方法并进行修改。色谱条件:色谱柱为Venusil ASB C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 µm);流动相为0.02 mol/L 磷酸二氢钾(用磷酸调节pH至2.3);流速0.8 mL/min;检测波长208 nm;柱温30 ℃;进样量5 µL。通过对比标准品的保留时间进行定性,以标准品质量浓度为横坐标、峰面积为纵坐标,绘制标准曲线,通过外标法进行定量。
采用氨基酸分析仪测定样品中的氨基酸,参考蒋力力等[21]的方法进行。样品预处理:样品经5%(w/v)三氯乙酸溶液按1:4(v/v)稀释除蛋白,室温静置1 h后,10000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液过0.22 µm水系滤膜,滤液待测。
采用顶空-箭型固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱(HS-SPME-Arrow-GC-MS)联用技术对三华李果酒的挥发性成分进行测定,参照Tian等[22]的方法并进行修改。具体如下:
挥发性成分的提取:取6.0 mL酒样、3 g氯化钠于10 mL顶空瓶中,最后加入20 µL内标物2-辛醇(终浓度99.97 µg/L)。用箭型顶空固相微萃取三相萃取头(DVB/CWR/PDMS)于50 ℃条件下萃取30 min,萃取结束后于250 ℃的进样口解吸5 min。
色谱条件:采用不分流模式,载气为高纯氦气,流速为1.5 mL/min;色谱柱为DB-FFAP(60 m×0.25 mm×0.25 µm);升温程序:初始温度50 ℃,保持2 min,再以15 ℃/min升温至230 ℃,保持15 min;进样口温度和检测器温度均为250 ℃。
质谱条件:采用扫描模式采集数据,扫描范围为30~350 amu;以EI电离源为离子源,质谱传输线和离子源温度分别为250 ℃和230 ℃。
定性与定量方法:采用Mass Hunter未知物分析工作站进行数据分析,将色谱峰的质谱信息与NIST 20谱库进行比对,筛选匹配度>70%的化合物。进一步用工作站计算保留指数,并与NIST数据库报道值进行比对,筛选差值<50的化合物供分析。采用内标法计算挥发性化合物的相对含量。
参考GB/T 15038-2006《葡萄酒、果酒通用分析方法》[16]制定三华李果酒的感官评价标准,由10名经过感官培训的人员组成评估小组,在20~25 ℃环境下,对酒样的色泽、澄清度、香气、滋味和典型性进行评价,具体评分标准见表1。
实验取3次重复,数据采用平均值±标准差表示。使用IBM SPSS Statistics 27进行数据分析(P<0.05,差异显著);采用Origin 2025绘图,感官评价数据经十分制转换后绘制雷达图;使用SIMCA 14.1进行偏最小二乘判别分析(Partial least squares discrimination analysis,PLS-DA)。
发酵周期是评价酵母发酵性能的关键参数之一。如表2所示,供试的5种酵母完成三华李果酒主发酵所需时间均在8~9 d之间,且组间差异不显著(P>0.05),表明这5种酵母在本研究条件下发酵速率相近。相比之下,吴德光等[13]报道的酿酒酵母SHL3在30 ℃下发酵初始糖度为20°Brix的三华李果汁仅需7 d,该差异可能源于菌株特性及发酵温度的不同。5组酒样的总糖含量均低于4 g/L,表明5种酵母均具备良好的糖代谢能力。其中,SY组酒样的总糖含量(3.09 g/L)显著低于DV10组和K1组(P<0.05),与D254组和EC1118组无显著差异(P>0.05)。所有酒样的酒精度均达到预设目标值,在12.57%~12.97%(v/v)之间,说明5种酵母均能有效将可发酵糖转化为乙醇。酸度是决定果酒质量的关键因素,与果酒中有机酸的类型和浓度密切相关[23]。5组酒样的总酸含量在8.29~10.38 g/L之间,其中,D254组酒样的总酸含量显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。
果酒干浸出物含量与原料品质、生产工艺及储藏方式密切相关,其含量显著影响酒体口感与香气表现,是评价果酒品质的重要指标之一[24−25]。5组酒样的干浸出物含量在40.00~43.90 g/L之间,远高于QB/T 5476-2020《果酒通用技术要求》[26]中规定的10 g/L最低限值。其中,SY组和DV10组酒样干浸出物含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。甲醇作为发酵果酒中的常见组分,具有神经毒性,其经代谢转化生成的甲醛和甲酸可引起器质性病变和中枢呼吸系统疾病[27]。5组酒样的甲醇含量均处于较低水平(30.86~37.41 mg/L),远低于NY/T 1508-2017《绿色食品 果酒》[28]中规定的≤0.4 g/L标准限值,符合食品安全标准。
多酚类化合物是一类具有抗氧化活性及潜在健康促进作用的生物活性物质[29],根据化学结构可分为类黄酮和非类黄酮[30],是构成果酒抗氧化特性的主要活性成分。由图1可知,5组酒样的总酚与总黄酮含量均显著高于DZ组(P<0.05),表明酒精发酵过程有效促进了果肉中酚类物质的溶出。5组酒样的总酚含量在733.91~765.68 mg GAE/L之间,其中,K1组和D254组酒样的总酚含量显著高于其他3组(P<0.05)。不同酵母发酵的三华李果酒总黄酮含量差异显著(P<0.05),EC1118组的黄酮含量为1337.14 mg RE/L,显著低于其余4组酒样(P<0.05),较K1组低312.38 mg RE/L。这一结果表明酵母菌株的选择对果酒中黄酮类物质具有重要影响。
本研究采用ABTS+·清除活性、DPPH·清除活性和还原力3项指标来评价5种酵母发酵三华李果酒的抗氧化活性差异。如图2所示,DZ组的各项抗氧化指标均显著低于5组酒样 (P<0.05),这与其较低的总酚及总黄酮含量相一致。K1组酒样的ABTS+·清除活性显著高于D254组和EC1118组(P<0.05),而D254组、EC1118组与其余2组酒样无显著性差异(P>0.05)。DV10组酒样的DPPH·清除活性和还原力分别为911.26、976.40 mg VC/L,其还原力显著高于其他4组酒样(P<0.05)。相比之下,SY组酒样的还原力最低(836.33 mg VC/L)。综合而言,DV10酵母发酵的三华李果酒展现出最强的抗氧化活性特征。
如表3所示,与DZ组(总有机酸9.55 g/L)相比,SY组和DV10组酒样的总有机酸含量较高(分别为9.94、9.85 g/L),而D254组最低(8.14 g/L)。L-苹果酸作为主要有机酸,在DZ组中的含量最高(8.53 g/L),经发酵后均有所下降,其中D254组降幅最大(至5.96 g/L),这与张弛等[31]在枇杷酒中的研究结果一致。5组酒样中的乳酸与柠檬酸含量均显著高于DZ组(P<0.05),琥珀酸含量有所降低,酒石酸变化不大。乙酸是果酒的主要挥发酸,在DZ组中未检出,5组酒样中的乙酸含量在0.52~0.62 g/L之间,远低于QB/T 5476-2020《果酒通用技术要求》[26]规定的≤1.2 g/L限值,均符合标准。
氨基酸是果酒中重要的呈味物质和风味前体物,同时也是发酵过程中酵母最易同化的氮源[32]。所检测的17种氨基酸中,除天冬氨酸外,其余16种均在DZ组及5组酒样中被检出。DZ组的氨基酸总量为641.01 mg/L,显著高于5组酒样(328.62~402.33 mg/L),表明酵母在发酵过程中大量消耗氨基酸用于生长和代谢,其中丝氨酸的消耗尤为明显。与DZ组相比,5组酒样中的丝氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸等氨基酸的含量显著降低(P<0.05),而甘氨酸、胱氨酸、精氨酸等氨基酸的含量显著增加(P<0.05)。5组酒样中,含量相对丰富的氨基酸分别是丝氨酸(27.28~137.78 mg/L)、脯氨酸(99.27~112.27 mg/L)、丙氨酸(32.34~54.95 mg/L)和精氨酸(27.26~38.10 mg/L),占氨基酸总量的63.90%~74.99%;而缬氨酸、蛋氨酸和异亮氨酸3种支链氨基酸含量较低,仅占氨基酸总量的1.30%~3.27%。作为一种甜味氨基酸,丝氨酸在SY组酒样中的含量(137.78 mg/L)显著高于其他4组(P<0.05),对酒体的滋味品质具有重要贡献。总体而言,SY酵母发酵酒样的氨基酸总量最高(402.33 mg/L),特别是甜味氨基酸丝氨酸显著富集。
挥发性成分作为果酒品质的核心要素,对其感官特性具有重要影响[33]。如表4所示,在5种酵母发酵的三华李果酒中,共鉴定出57种挥发性化合物,分属酯类(38种)、醇类(6种)、酸类(5种)、芳香族(5种)、酮类(2种)及萜烯类(1种)六大类别,其中酯类物质种类最多。不同酵母发酵的三华李果酒的挥发性化合物在数量和含量上均存在显著差异:DV10组酒样检出的挥发性化合物种类最多(50种),SY组次之(49种),D254组和EC1118组均为47种,K1组最少(44种)。5组酒样中,仅SY酵母发酵酒样检出六大类风味化合物,其挥发性成分组成最为复杂,具体包括酯类32种、醇类6种、酸类4种、芳香族4种、酮类2种和萜烯类1种。由图3可知,各组酒样的挥发性成分以酯类(59.05%~65.37%)和醇类(28.43%~34.62%)为主,酸类次之,酮类和萜烯类含量最低。
酯类物质是果酒的重要香气成分,多数呈现愉悦的花香和果香,主要源于酵母代谢,依据化学结构可划分为乙酯类与乙酸酯类[5]。表4数据表明,5种酵母发酵的三华李果酒均呈现以乙酯类物质为主导的酯类组成特征。其中辛酸乙酯和癸酸乙酯含量最为突出,乙酸乙酯、己酸乙酯和月桂酸乙酯次之,这5种乙酯物质占酯类总量的83.34%~84.73%。其中,SY组酒样的乙酸乙酯含量为792.38 µg/L,显著低于其他组(1347.41~1582.51 µg/L,P<0.05)。
高级醇主要由酿酒酵母经Ehrlich途径降解氨基酸生成,适量时赋予酒体水果香,但过量积累会产生不愉快气味,含量过低则导致酒体单薄[32]。在三华李果酒中,醇类化合物种类相对较少(5~6种),其中异戊醇含量最高,异丁醇和正丙醇次之。其中,SY组酒样的异戊醇含量与DV10组相比无显著性差异(P>0.05),且该两组酒样的异戊醇含量均显著低于D254组和K1组(P<0.05),与EC1118组无显著差异(P>0.05)。同时,SY组酒样的异丁醇含量显著低于其他4组(P<0.05)。基于此醇类组成特征,SY组酒样的高级醇总量与DV10组相比无显著性差异(P>0.05),但显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。SY组酒样中较低的高级醇总量水平,使其在维持酒体香气骨架完整性的同时,有效规避了因过量积累引发的感官劣变风险。
在5组酒样中检出的5种酸类化合物中,乙酸、辛酸、己酸和异丁酸为共有成分,2-甲基丁酸存在于除SY组和EC1118组外的三组酒样中。其中,乙酸含量最高,辛酸和己酸次之。SY组和D254组酒样的乙酸含量分别为613.07、761.01 µg/L,二者均显著高于其他3组(328.21~426.17 µg/L,P<0.05)。酸类物质总量分析表明,SY组和D254组相比无显著性差异(P>0.05),但二者均显著高于其余3组(P<0.05)。
芳香族、酮类和萜烯类化合物虽含量较低,但对酒体香气复杂度的提升具有重要贡献。芳香族化合物中,2,4-二叔丁基苯酚和苯乙烯为5组酒样的共有组分,苯甲醇仅在SY组酒样中被检出(87.55 µg/L)。所有酒样中共检测出2种酮类化合物和1种萜烯类化合物,分别是2-壬酮、大马士酮和香茅醇。其中,大马士酮为共有组分(4.55~5.99 µg/L),而2-壬酮和香茅醇是SY组酒样的特有组分。
为解析不同酵母发酵三华李果酒的特征风味物质,本研究以酵母菌株为预测变量,5组酒样中检出的57种挥发性化合物为响应变量,采用PLS-DA进行建模。如图4A所示,该模型实现了5组酒样的有效分离。模型参数显示:自变量拟合指数R2x=0.973,因变量拟合指数R2y=0.996,预测指数Q2=0.9919。R2与Q2值均大于0.5,表明模型拟合结果可接受[34]。通过200次置换检验验证模型可靠性(图4B),Q2回归线与纵轴交点为负值,排除过拟合风险,确认模型可靠、有效[34],可用于解析不同酵母发酵三华李果酒挥发性化合物的差异特征。
VIP(Variable Importance in Projections)值可量化PLS-DA模型中各变量对分类的贡献度,VIP值越大表明变量在组间差异越显著[29]。为筛选5种酵母发酵三华李果酒的显著差异化合物,以VIP>1且P<0.05的条件进行筛选[34],共鉴定出17种标志性差异挥发性化合物(图4C),包括9种酯类(丁二酸二乙酯、辛酸异戊酯、己酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯、3-羟基丁酸乙酯、庚酸乙酯、十八酸乙酯、己酸丙酯、2-甲基丁酸乙酯)、4种醇类(1,3-丙二醇单乙醚、反式-3-己烯-1-醇、(2R,3R)-(-)-2,3-丁二醇、正丙醇)、2种芳香族(苯甲醇、苯乙酸丁香酚酯)、1种酸类(2-甲基丁酸)和1种萜烯类(香茅醇),这些化合物可作为区分不同酵母发酵酒样的特征标志物。其中,苯甲醇与香茅醇是SY组酒样的特征成分,苯甲醇呈现温和的花香[35],香茅醇则表现出蔷薇、柑橘及玫瑰花香特征[36],二者对该组酒样的花香与果香特征具有重要贡献。
果酒的感官特征是衡量其质量与消费者偏好的关键指标[37],而感官评价则是判断果酒品质最根本和最直接的方法[29]。如图5所示,感官评价结果显示,酵母种类对三华李果酒的感官属性有显著影响。在色泽方面,SY组、DV10组和EC1118组酒样的得分(4.43~4.67分)明显高于其他2组(4.07~4.17分),均呈现出典型的李子酒色泽与光泽感。就澄清度而言,SY和DV10组酒样得分明显高于其他3组,分别为4.80和4.83分。在香气特征方面,SY组酒样得分最高(28.50分),酒体呈现出浓郁的果香与酒香,且香气协调愉悦;K1组酒样香气得分最低(24.83分),这一结果与其挥发性化合物种类最少且含量最低的结果相吻合。滋味评价中,SY组酒样得分最高(34.43分),酒体表现出丰满醇厚、协调平衡的特点;DV10组酒样得分最低(27.67分)。典型性评价显示,酵母SY发酵酒样得分最高(17.67分),D254组最低(15.60)。综合感官评价结果表明,SY酵母发酵的三华李果酒以89.90分的综合得分显著高于其他菌株(P<0.05),感官品质最佳。
本研究系统比较了5种商业酿酒酵母(SY、D254、DV10、EC1118和K1)对三华李果酒品质的影响。结果表明,所有酵母发酵酒样的酒精度均符合预期,甲醇含量低于安全限值,干浸出物含量达标。不同酵母发酵的三华李果酒品质存在显著差异:D254酵母发酵酒样呈现最低的总酸和苹果酸含量;DV10酵母发酵酒样则表现出最强的抗氧化活性,其DPPH·清除能力和还原力均最高;而K1酵母发酵酒样的挥发性化合物种类最少且含量最低,感官评分也最低;SY酵母发酵酒样展现出最优的综合品质,其氨基酸总量最高,挥发性成分组成最复杂,含有苯甲醇和香茅醇等特征风味物质,同时感官评分最高,酒体呈现丰满醇厚、协调平衡的特性。因此,SY酵母被确定为三华李果酒酿造的最佳商业菌株,本研究为三华李果酒生产中的酵母选择提供了理论依据。

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2026年第47卷第10期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070182
  • 接收时间:2025-07-17
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-17
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    贵州习酒股份有限公司,贵州习水 564622

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范奇高(1995−),男,硕士,工程师,研究方向:食品科学与工程,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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