Article(id=1320884556782223495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883558764359808, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743609600000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792853019185, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1776182400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792853019185, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792853019185, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792853019185, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883558764359808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1776182400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852781239, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852781239, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=437, endPage=448, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320884556954189960, articleId=1320884556782223495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of Saffron Polysaccharides on Brain Metabolites in D-Galactose-induced Aging in Mice, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the protective effects and potential mechanisms of safflower petal polysaccharides on D-galactose-induced brain tissue damage in aging mice, KM mice were randomly divided into a normal control group, a model group, a positive control group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose safflower petal polysaccharide groups (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/d), with 10 mice in each group. Modeling and drug administration were conducted simultaneously for 8 weeks. After the experiment, body weight and organ indices were analyzed, Nissl staining was used to examine hippocampal tissue changes, and the levels of AChE and T-NOS in brain tissue were compared. Western blot was employed to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, including P53, Bax, and caspase-3. Additionally, metabolomics analysis was performed to assess changes in brain tissue metabolites. The results showed that safflower petal polysaccharides had minimal effects on body weight and organ indices. Compared with the normal group, the model group exhibited a reduction in Nissl bodies, along with significant increases in AChE and T-NOS enzyme activities by 58.22% and 23.036%, respectively (P<0.01). The protein expression of P53, Bax, and Caspase-3 was upregulated by 48.41%, 25.08%, and 37.91%, respectively (P<0.05). In contrast, the polysaccharide-treated groups showed an increase in Nissl bodies, a significant decrease in AChE activity, and reduced T-NOS activity in the medium- and high-dose groups (P<0.01). The expression of P53, Bax, and Caspase-3 proteins was also downregulated, particularly in the high-dose safflower petal polysaccharide group, which exhibited significant reductions of 37.88%, 37.12% and 30.02%, respectively (P<0.05). Metabolomic pathway enrichment analysis revealed that safflower petal polysaccharides primarily regulated arginine biosynthesis and glutathione metabolism pathways. In conclusion, safflower petal polysaccharides effectively alleviated D-galactose-induced brain tissue damage in mice. The underlying mechanism may involve the modulation of P53, Bax, and Caspase-3 protein expression, as well as the regulation of arginine biosynthesis and glutathione metabolism pathways. These findings provide a theoretical basis for expanding the application of safflower petal resources in anti-aging research.

, authors=Xinyue LI1, Zhongshan ZHANG1, *, Meng ZHAO1, Liqin LI2, Chong YAO2, Xingyun SHI3, Xiaomei WANG1, *, authorsList=Xinyue LI, Zhongshan ZHANG, Meng ZHAO, Liqin LI, Chong YAO, Xingyun SHI, Xiaomei WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhongshan ZHANG, Xiaomei WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320884561228185759, articleId=1320884556782223495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=西红花瓣多糖对D-半乳糖诱导衰老小鼠脑组织的影响, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究西红花瓣多糖对D-半乳糖诱导衰老小鼠脑组织的保护作用及潜在机制,将KM小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、阳性对照组,西红花瓣多糖低、中、高剂量组(100、200、400 mg/kg/d),每组10只,建模给药同时进行8周。实验结束后分析小鼠体重及器官指数,尼氏体染色检测海马组织变化,比较脑组织乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和总一氧化氮合酶(T-NOS)指标的变化,Western blot检测P53蛋白(P53)、B-淋巴细胞-2相关X蛋白(Bax)和半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)的表达,并采用代谢组学分析脑组织代谢物变化。结果发现,西红花瓣多糖对小鼠体重及器官指数影响较小。与正常组比较,模型组尼氏体数量减少,AChE、T-NOS酶活性分别显著增加了58.22%、23.036%(P<0.01),P53、Bax、Caspase-3蛋白表达上调了48.41%、25.08%、37.91%(P<0.05);与模型组相比,多糖剂量组尼氏体数量增加,AchE活性及中高剂量组T-NOS活性显著降低(P<0.01),P53、Bax、Caspase-3蛋白表达减少,尤其是西红花瓣多糖高剂量组分别显著下调了37.88%、37.12%、30.02%(P<0.05)。代谢通路分析发现,西红花瓣多糖主要影响精氨酸合成、谷胱甘肽代谢等通路。综上所述,西红花瓣多糖能够有效缓解D-半乳糖诱导的小鼠脑组织损伤,其机制可能与调节P53、Bax、Caspase-3蛋白表达,影响精氨酸合成和谷胱甘肽代谢等通路有关,研究结果可为扩展西红花瓣资源在抗衰老领域中的应用提供理论依据。

, authors=李欣悦1, 张忠山1, *, 赵猛1, 李丽琴2, 姚冲2, 史星雲3, 王晓梅1, *, authorsList=李欣悦, 张忠山, 赵猛, 李丽琴, 姚冲, 史星雲, 王晓梅, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张忠山, 王晓梅, authorNote=

李欣悦(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食药同源资源开发利用,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
张忠山(1982−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食药同源资源开发利用,E-mail:。
王晓梅(1981−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食药同源资源开发利用,E-mail:。
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李欣悦(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食药同源资源开发利用,E-mail:

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注:ns表示数据无显著性差异。

, figureFileSmall=jE43itJVc9AIQXGclrACRA==, figureFileBig=2+FT0bB6Vz3jCFUASU2kBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884566194241751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884556782223495, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Nissl staining images of mouse brain tissue and the number of Nissl-positive cells, figureFileSmall=oUlgxc+Nrz+7WT5xzHGrAg==, figureFileBig=Z0Et7PO/A3hh8dsAtR+X7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884566261350616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884556782223495, language=CN, label=图2, caption=小鼠脑组织尼氏体染色图及尼氏体阳性细胞数

注:黑色的箭头指向坏死神经元,红色的箭头指向带有尼氏体的神经元,与M组相比,*、**分别对应P<0.05,P<0.01,图3~图4同。

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注:A. 主要代谢物含量;B. 扮演的生物学角色;C. 聚类热图。

, figureFileSmall=ay1wqR0Ginjjz81oi3NyQQ==, figureFileBig=pTtPW0ISdijs8Vge48BkOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884568492720351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884556782223495, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Supervised least squares discriminant analysis of metabolites in mouse brain tissue, figureFileSmall=E4vSkW6WzkBeWQGklm7sbw==, figureFileBig=VZ00HUoP2secf3wIFVu03w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884568564023520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884556782223495, language=CN, label=图6, caption=小鼠脑组织代谢物有监督的最小二乘判别分析

注:A、B分别为PLS-DA得分图及置换检验;C、D为正常对照组与模型组的OPLS-DA;E、F为模型组与西红花瓣多糖干预组的OPLS-DA。

, figureFileSmall=E4vSkW6WzkBeWQGklm7sbw==, figureFileBig=VZ00HUoP2secf3wIFVu03w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884568664686817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884556782223495, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Volcano plot of fold changes in differential metabolites in mouse brain tissue, figureFileSmall=RQN9Qxp9BzlhHs3/QgapOw==, figureFileBig=IAtk49Mz6sPXokRiH67Q0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884568727601378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884556782223495, language=CN, label=图7, caption=小鼠脑组织差异代谢物变化火山图, figureFileSmall=RQN9Qxp9BzlhHs3/QgapOw==, figureFileBig=IAtk49Mz6sPXokRiH67Q0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884568790515939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884556782223495, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Box plot of differential metabolites in mouse brain tissue, figureFileSmall=EkcdkO66uxwiX8dUqo1qpQ==, figureFileBig=yK7Rw4gXt2IPJQecG6r7+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884568857624804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884556782223495, language=CN, label=图8, caption=小鼠脑组织差异代谢物箱式图

注:*,**,***分别对应P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=EkcdkO66uxwiX8dUqo1qpQ==, figureFileBig=yK7Rw4gXt2IPJQecG6r7+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884568928927973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884556782223495, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Pathway enrichment analysis, figureFileSmall=qe0P6/kLGEE9RpeOXeuhDg==, figureFileBig=s16csadIA/Gzbzp0c7nQtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884569088311526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884556782223495, language=CN, label=图9, caption=通路富集分析

注: A. ORA分析;B. 拓扑分析。

, figureFileSmall=qe0P6/kLGEE9RpeOXeuhDg==, figureFileBig=s16csadIA/Gzbzp0c7nQtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884569151226087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884556782223495, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Glutathione metabolism, figureFileSmall=iP80WXLXBwfayyF8ODtUAg==, figureFileBig=NN8wLtht9oGu8/1jaRW+3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884569218334952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884556782223495, language=CN, label=图10, caption=谷胱甘肽代谢途径, figureFileSmall=iP80WXLXBwfayyF8ODtUAg==, figureFileBig=NN8wLtht9oGu8/1jaRW+3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884569289638121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884556782223495, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Analysis of arginine metabolic pathway, figureFileSmall=j7Klm0+fZm8Z0IeG7wfUVg==, figureFileBig=1u1tFlDFF+ZtaY7VxNITnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884569360941290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884556782223495, language=CN, label=图11, caption=精氨酸代谢途径分析, figureFileSmall=j7Klm0+fZm8Z0IeG7wfUVg==, figureFileBig=1u1tFlDFF+ZtaY7VxNITnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884569428050155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884556782223495, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effect of saffron polysaccharides on organ index in mice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别脏器指数(%)
肾肝胸腺脾脑
CK1.46±0.033.84±0.080.16±0.010.23±0.011.06±0.03
M1.40±0.053.65±0.150.15±0.010.23±0.011.00±0.03
P1.35±0.043.49±0.040.17±0.010.21±0.010.99±0.03
XL1.49±0.053.74±0.170.16±0.010.21±0.021.07±0.02
XM1.31±0.063.38±0.100.16±0.010.22±0.011.01±0.03
XH1.31±0.043.40±0.040.17±0.010.23±0.021.04±0.02
), ArticleFig(id=1320884569490964716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884556782223495, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

西红花瓣多糖对小鼠脏器指数的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别脏器指数(%)
肾肝胸腺脾脑
CK1.46±0.033.84±0.080.16±0.010.23±0.011.06±0.03
M1.40±0.053.65±0.150.15±0.010.23±0.011.00±0.03
P1.35±0.043.49±0.040.17±0.010.21±0.010.99±0.03
XL1.49±0.053.74±0.170.16±0.010.21±0.021.07±0.02
XM1.31±0.063.38±0.100.16±0.010.22±0.011.01±0.03
XH1.31±0.043.40±0.040.17±0.010.23±0.021.04±0.02
), ArticleFig(id=1320884569549684973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884556782223495, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

30 target metabolites used for cluster analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
脂肪酸及其衍生物神经酰胺与酰胺类能量代谢相关磷脂类氨基酸与衍生物维生素与辅因子甘油酯类
Arachidonic acid
花生四烯酸
Hexadecanamide
十六酰胺
Creatine
肌酸
PC 19:2_19:2
磷脂酰胆碱
L-Phenylalanine
L-苯丙氨酸
Nicotinamide
烟酰胺
1-Stearoylglycerol
1-硬脂酰甘油
Adrenic acid
肾上腺酸
Stearamide
硬脂酰胺
Creatinine
肌酐
PC 17:0_17:1
磷脂酰胆碱
4-Oxoproline
4-氧代脯氨酸
Stearic acid
硬脂酸
Arachidonoyl amide
花生四烯酰胺
Hypoxanthine
次黄嘌呤
PC 18:1_18:1
磷脂酰胆碱
N-Acetylaspartic acid
N-乙酰天冬氨酸
Palmitic Acid
棕榈酸
Xanthine
黄嘌呤
PC 18:1_18:2
磷脂酰胆碱
all-cis-4,7,10,13,16-Docosapentaenoic
全顺式-4,7,10,13,16-二十二碳五烯酸
PC O-20:4
醚型磷脂酰胆碱
LPC 16:0
溶血磷脂酰胆碱
LPC 18:1-SN1
溶血磷脂酰胆碱
LPC 20:4-SN1
溶血磷脂酰胆碱
LPC 22:6-SN1
溶血磷脂酰胆碱
LPC 22:6-SN2
溶血磷脂酰胆碱
LPE 22:6
溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺
LPI 20:4
溶血磷脂酰肌醇
SM 8:1;2O/28:0
鞘磷脂
), ArticleFig(id=1320884569612599534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884556782223495, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

聚类分析的30种目标代谢物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
脂肪酸及其衍生物神经酰胺与酰胺类能量代谢相关磷脂类氨基酸与衍生物维生素与辅因子甘油酯类
Arachidonic acid
花生四烯酸
Hexadecanamide
十六酰胺
Creatine
肌酸
PC 19:2_19:2
磷脂酰胆碱
L-Phenylalanine
L-苯丙氨酸
Nicotinamide
烟酰胺
1-Stearoylglycerol
1-硬脂酰甘油
Adrenic acid
肾上腺酸
Stearamide
硬脂酰胺
Creatinine
肌酐
PC 17:0_17:1
磷脂酰胆碱
4-Oxoproline
4-氧代脯氨酸
Stearic acid
硬脂酸
Arachidonoyl amide
花生四烯酰胺
Hypoxanthine
次黄嘌呤
PC 18:1_18:1
磷脂酰胆碱
N-Acetylaspartic acid
N-乙酰天冬氨酸
Palmitic Acid
棕榈酸
Xanthine
黄嘌呤
PC 18:1_18:2
磷脂酰胆碱
all-cis-4,7,10,13,16-Docosapentaenoic
全顺式-4,7,10,13,16-二十二碳五烯酸
PC O-20:4
醚型磷脂酰胆碱
LPC 16:0
溶血磷脂酰胆碱
LPC 18:1-SN1
溶血磷脂酰胆碱
LPC 20:4-SN1
溶血磷脂酰胆碱
LPC 22:6-SN1
溶血磷脂酰胆碱
LPC 22:6-SN2
溶血磷脂酰胆碱
LPE 22:6
溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺
LPI 20:4
溶血磷脂酰肌醇
SM 8:1;2O/28:0
鞘磷脂
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西红花瓣多糖对D-半乳糖诱导衰老小鼠脑组织的影响
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李欣悦 1 , 张忠山 1, * , 赵猛 1 , 李丽琴 2 , 姚冲 2 , 史星雲 3 , 王晓梅 1, *
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(8): 437-448
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食品工业科技 |营养与保健 2026 , 47 (8) : 437 -448
西红花瓣多糖对D-半乳糖诱导衰老小鼠脑组织的影响
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李欣悦1 , 张忠山1, * , 赵猛1, 李丽琴2, 姚冲2, 史星雲3, 王晓梅1, *
作者信息
  • 1湖州师范大学生命科学学院,浙江湖州 313000
  • 2湖州市中心医院,浙江湖州 313000
  • 3湖州市农业科学研究院,浙江湖州 313000
通讯作者:
张忠山(1982−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食药同源资源开发利用,E-mail:。
王晓梅(1981−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食药同源资源开发利用,E-mail:。
作者简介:

李欣悦(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食药同源资源开发利用,E-mail:

Effects of Saffron Polysaccharides on Brain Metabolites in D-Galactose-induced Aging in Mice
Xinyue LI1 , Zhongshan ZHANG1, * , Meng ZHAO1, Liqin LI2, Chong YAO2, Xingyun SHI3, Xiaomei WANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Life Sciences, Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou 313000, China
  • 2Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou 313000, China
  • 3Huzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huzhou 313000, China
出版时间: 2026-04-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040016
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为探究西红花瓣多糖对D-半乳糖诱导衰老小鼠脑组织的保护作用及潜在机制,将KM小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、阳性对照组,西红花瓣多糖低、中、高剂量组(100、200、400 mg/kg/d),每组10只,建模给药同时进行8周。实验结束后分析小鼠体重及器官指数,尼氏体染色检测海马组织变化,比较脑组织乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和总一氧化氮合酶(T-NOS)指标的变化,Western blot检测P53蛋白(P53)、B-淋巴细胞-2相关X蛋白(Bax)和半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)的表达,并采用代谢组学分析脑组织代谢物变化。结果发现,西红花瓣多糖对小鼠体重及器官指数影响较小。与正常组比较,模型组尼氏体数量减少,AChE、T-NOS酶活性分别显著增加了58.22%、23.036%(P<0.01),P53、Bax、Caspase-3蛋白表达上调了48.41%、25.08%、37.91%(P<0.05);与模型组相比,多糖剂量组尼氏体数量增加,AchE活性及中高剂量组T-NOS活性显著降低(P<0.01),P53、Bax、Caspase-3蛋白表达减少,尤其是西红花瓣多糖高剂量组分别显著下调了37.88%、37.12%、30.02%(P<0.05)。代谢通路分析发现,西红花瓣多糖主要影响精氨酸合成、谷胱甘肽代谢等通路。综上所述,西红花瓣多糖能够有效缓解D-半乳糖诱导的小鼠脑组织损伤,其机制可能与调节P53、Bax、Caspase-3蛋白表达,影响精氨酸合成和谷胱甘肽代谢等通路有关,研究结果可为扩展西红花瓣资源在抗衰老领域中的应用提供理论依据。

西红花瓣  /  多糖  /  抗衰老  /  脑代谢组

To investigate the protective effects and potential mechanisms of safflower petal polysaccharides on D-galactose-induced brain tissue damage in aging mice, KM mice were randomly divided into a normal control group, a model group, a positive control group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose safflower petal polysaccharide groups (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/d), with 10 mice in each group. Modeling and drug administration were conducted simultaneously for 8 weeks. After the experiment, body weight and organ indices were analyzed, Nissl staining was used to examine hippocampal tissue changes, and the levels of AChE and T-NOS in brain tissue were compared. Western blot was employed to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, including P53, Bax, and caspase-3. Additionally, metabolomics analysis was performed to assess changes in brain tissue metabolites. The results showed that safflower petal polysaccharides had minimal effects on body weight and organ indices. Compared with the normal group, the model group exhibited a reduction in Nissl bodies, along with significant increases in AChE and T-NOS enzyme activities by 58.22% and 23.036%, respectively (P<0.01). The protein expression of P53, Bax, and Caspase-3 was upregulated by 48.41%, 25.08%, and 37.91%, respectively (P<0.05). In contrast, the polysaccharide-treated groups showed an increase in Nissl bodies, a significant decrease in AChE activity, and reduced T-NOS activity in the medium- and high-dose groups (P<0.01). The expression of P53, Bax, and Caspase-3 proteins was also downregulated, particularly in the high-dose safflower petal polysaccharide group, which exhibited significant reductions of 37.88%, 37.12% and 30.02%, respectively (P<0.05). Metabolomic pathway enrichment analysis revealed that safflower petal polysaccharides primarily regulated arginine biosynthesis and glutathione metabolism pathways. In conclusion, safflower petal polysaccharides effectively alleviated D-galactose-induced brain tissue damage in mice. The underlying mechanism may involve the modulation of P53, Bax, and Caspase-3 protein expression, as well as the regulation of arginine biosynthesis and glutathione metabolism pathways. These findings provide a theoretical basis for expanding the application of safflower petal resources in anti-aging research.

saffron  /  polysaccharides  /  anti-aging  /  brain metabolomics
李欣悦, 张忠山, 赵猛, 李丽琴, 姚冲, 史星雲, 王晓梅. 西红花瓣多糖对D-半乳糖诱导衰老小鼠脑组织的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (8) : 437 -448 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040016
Xinyue LI, Zhongshan ZHANG, Meng ZHAO, Liqin LI, Chong YAO, Xingyun SHI, Xiaomei WANG. Effects of Saffron Polysaccharides on Brain Metabolites in D-Galactose-induced Aging in Mice[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (8) : 437 -448 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040016
西红花(Crocus sativus L.)又称藏红花,是鸢尾科番红花属的植物,是传统医学中被广泛使用的香料和药材[1]。2019年11月25日,国家卫生健康委和国家市场监管总局发布公告将西红花纳入按照传统既是食品又是中药材的物质目录管理,允许作为香辛料和调味品使用。西红花活性成分如西红花苷类的研究已较为深入[2−3],然而占其生物量90%以上的花瓣常被作为副产品丢弃。最新研究发现,西红花瓣富含结构特殊的多糖类物质,有良好的抗氧化特性,可以增强RAW264.7细胞的免疫活性[4],但关于西红花瓣多糖的抗衰老活性尚未有报道。
随着全球人口老龄化加剧,与衰老相关的认知功能障碍和神经退行性疾病已成为重大公共卫生问题。在衰老的过程中,大脑功能会发生变化,导致认知功能的下降甚至神经系统疾病。脑代谢组会随着衰老发生重大变化,有研究表明,中年到老年约有60%的脑组织代谢物发生了改变[5]。近年来,天然产物中具有生物活性的多糖成分因其独特的抗氧化、抗炎和神经保护作用受到广泛关注[6]。本研究通过颈背部注射D-半乳糖构建小鼠衰老模型,同时用西红花瓣多糖低、中、高剂量给小鼠灌胃,基于液相色谱-质谱联用技术(LC-MS/MS)研究了多糖对小鼠脑组织代谢的影响。通过正交偏最小二乘判别分析结合代谢物变化倍数,系统比较西红花瓣多糖干预组小鼠脑内代谢物的表达差异。研究结果不仅为西红花资源的高值化利用提供理论依据,也为开发靶向脑代谢的天然抗衰老产品提供新思路。
SPF级KM雄性小鼠 60只,体质量约30 g,6周龄,购自杭州启真实验动物科技有限公司,标准饲料喂养,小鼠质量检测在杭州医院完成,实验动物合格证编号:20240314Abzz0100999357,实验动物生产许可证:SCXK(浙)2022-0005,实验动物使用许可证编号为:SYXK(浙)2022-0024);西红花瓣 采自浙江寿仙谷医药股份有限公司,经浙江农林大学邢丙聪副教授鉴定为西红花(Crocus sativus L.)花瓣;D-半乳糖 上海源叶生物;4% 多聚甲醛固定液 北京酷来搏科技有限公司;AchE、T-NOS试剂盒 南京建成有限公司;一步法免染PAGE凝胶快速制备试剂盒 上海雅酶生物医药科技有限公司;P53、Bax、Caspase-3抗体、β-actin、羊抗小鼠/兔IgG 艾比玛特生物医药(上海)有限公司。
TG16KR型台式高速冷冻离心机 长沙东旺实验仪器有限公司;WH-966型漩涡振荡器 太仓市科教器材厂;BDF-86V348 −80 ℃超低温冰箱 济南好来宝医疗器材有限公司;Spectra Max 190型酶标仪 美国MD公司;NextSeq 500Illumina MiSeq 测序仪 美国Illumina公司;Waters 2777C 超高液相色谱 沃特世公司;Q Exactive HF 高分辨率质谱 赛默飞世尔科技公司。
将西红花花瓣在50 ℃下烘干至恒重,粉碎后以95%乙醇脱脂除色素,过滤并烘干滤渣备用。根据实验室前期正交试验得到最优条件提取多糖,取预处理的粉末,加入8% NaOH溶液,于90 ℃水浴加热2 h,同时磁力搅拌,离心(4000 r/min,10 min)后取上清液并迅速中和至中性。过滤后减压浓缩,经3500 Da透析72 h去除小分子杂质,浓缩液用乙醇沉淀,干燥后得到粗多糖。将粗多糖经DEAE-52和S-100柱子纯化后取其中纯化组分开展动物实验。
本研究选用60只健康KM品系雄性小鼠,采用完全随机分组方法将其分为6组(n=10),分别为:正常对照组(CK)、模型组(M)、阳性对照组(P)以及西红花瓣多糖低、中、高剂量组(XL、XM、XH)。SPF环境饲养(温度:25±0.5 ℃,相对湿度:60%~70%),饲喂标准饲料,自由取水,实验前适应一周。除CK组每日下午颈背部皮下注射0.2 mL生理盐水,其余各组小鼠每日颈背部皮下注射D-半乳糖(150 mg/kg/d、0.2 mL)造模,同时CK和M组每日灌胃0.3 mL生理盐水,P组灌胃0.3 mL的VC(200 mg/kg/d),XL、XM、XH组灌胃0.3 mL西红花瓣多糖(剂量分别为100、200、400 mg/kg/d[7−8]),造模给药同时进行8周。整个实验过程中涉及动物的所有程序均经湖州师范学院实验动物伦理委员会批准。
实验进行8周后处死小鼠取出小鼠脑、肝脏、肾脏、胸腺、脾脏组织,利用预冷的生理盐水清洗,滤纸吸干并称重后放入冻存管中,−80 ℃保存备用。分别计算小鼠肝、肾、脾、胸腺、脑的器官指数,小鼠器官指数计算公式:
$\rm \mathrm{器官指数}(\text{%})=器官重量(g)/体重(g)\times 100 $
组织匀浆的制备:称取50 mg小鼠脑组织样品,放入1.5 mL离心管中,组织按1:9(w/v)加入生理盐水,加入磁珠后匀浆(10%匀浆液),2500×g离心10 min,收集上清备用。
取新鲜海马体,4%多聚甲醛内固定,梯度脱水,石蜡包埋,用尼氏体染色液滴加到组织上,使其完全覆盖,于室温下避光染色10 min,蒸馏水冲洗1 min,放入70%酒精分化后用无水乙醇脱水,二甲苯透明。
采用试剂盒说明书提供的方法,分别测定脑组织中乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和总一氧化氮合酶(T-NOS)的含量。
取适量脑组织匀浆,加入RIPA组织裂解液,在冰上裂解,用BCA法测定总蛋白浓度[9],加入上样缓冲液及裂解液制成上样样品。蛋白质经SDS-PAGE(5%浓缩胶,10%分离胶)分离后转膜,封闭后先后与一抗、二抗孵育,TBST洗涤后显影,采用Image J进行灰度分析[10]。
采用Waters 2777C 超高效液相色谱(UPLC)与Q Exactive HF高分辨率质谱联用技术,对小鼠脑组织进行非靶向代谢组学分析。从正常对照组、模型组和西红花瓣多糖高剂量干预组中每组取6个样品脑组织做重复。取50 mg脑组织,加入500 μL预冷的80%甲醇水溶液,冰水浴匀浆5 min后,于4 ℃、15000 r/min条件下离心20 min。取上清液用超纯水稀释至53%(v/v),再次离心后进样分析。质谱原始数据经Progenesis QI软件处理,提取保留时间、质荷比(m/z)及峰面积等信息,生成数据矩阵。通过KEGG数据库进行代谢物功能注释和通路富集分析。
使用IBM SPSS Statistics 26进行统计分析,通过单因素ANOVA检验比较各组差异,设定显著性水平P<0.05作为统计学差异的判断标准。
D-半乳糖颈背部注射造模8周后,正常对照组小鼠显示良好的活动性、毛发光泽度和精神状态;衰老模型组小鼠行动较迟缓,精神状态不佳,倦怠喜卧,毛发、胡须暗淡无光并有所脱落,饮食量有所减少,这些行为和生理表型与文献报道的衰老小鼠模型特征一致[11]。由此看出,衰老模型建立成功。阳性对照组以及西红花瓣多糖干预组小鼠精神状态和行为趋向空白对照组。
为了系统评估西红花瓣多糖对D-半乳糖诱导的衰老小鼠生理状态的影响,本研究对小鼠体重变化进行了动态监测,如图1所示,在整个实验周期内,所有实验组的小鼠体重均呈现缓慢增长趋势,符合小鼠的正常生长发育规律。值得注意的是,虽然模型组小鼠在D-半乳糖颈背部持续注射下出现明显衰老表征,如毛发稀疏、活动减少,但其体重增长曲线与正常对照组相比无统计学差异(P>0.05),与文献中报道的衰老模型小鼠体重变化趋势一致[12],说明西红花瓣多糖对小鼠体重无影响。
如表1所示,模型组胸腺指数在所有实验组中最低,与正常对照组相比下降了6.25%。胸腺是免疫系统的重要组成部分,随着年龄的增长,胸腺会逐渐萎缩,进而导致免疫功能下降。各组小鼠器官指数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),即西红花瓣多糖均未使小鼠肾、肝、胸腺、脾、脑5种器官产生明显肿胀或萎缩,结合小鼠体重变化情况,说明西红花瓣多糖对小鼠脏器指数无显著影响,这一结果与吴洁洁等[13]在衰老模型小鼠中观察到的脏器指数无显著变化的研究结论一致。
尼氏体(Nissl bodies)是神经元胞质中的一种嗜碱性颗粒状结构,主要由粗面内质网和游离核糖体组成,其核心功能是合成蛋白质,尤其是与神经元活动密切相关的蛋白质[14]。神经细胞中尼氏体体积增大、数量增多,表明其蛋白质合成功能活跃;但在神经元损伤后,尼氏体会减少甚至消失[15],但尼氏体的病变是可逆的,当神经功能增强时,尼氏体数量会明显增多[16−17]。
如图2所示,正常对照组尼氏体染色均匀,神经元结构完整,胞质内富含典型虎斑样尼氏体,相比之下,模型组海马区及皮质区尼氏体染色阳性细胞显著减少了37.21%、44.79%(P<0.01、P<0.05),并伴有尼氏体固缩及坏死性改变。然而,与模型组相比,经过西红花多糖干预的神经元排列更紧密,细胞形态较为完整,尼氏体染色阳性细胞数量增多,尤其是中、高剂量组海马区及皮质区的尼氏体染色阳性细胞数目显著增加(P<0.05、P<0.01),海马区分别增加了38.89%、35.19%,皮质区分别增加了100.00%、135.85%。尼氏体染色表明,D-半乳糖的慢性作用可能会导致海马神经元的损伤,多糖干预能够提高D-半乳糖诱导衰老小鼠神经元尼氏体数量,改善神经功能。
AChE是乙酰胆碱(ACh)的水解酶,ACh是一种神经递质,脑中ACh含量的减少会引起记忆和学习能力的减退[18]。在脑组织匀浆中,AChE的活力可以反映出脑内ACh含量的变化[19]。如图3所示,与正常对照组相比,模型组小鼠脑内AChE活性显著增加(P<0.01),AChE活性增加了58.22%,说明大脑发生了衰老损伤[20]。多糖干预组AChE的活性均显著低于模型组(P<0.01),说明西红花瓣多糖可能通过降低AChE的活性减少ACh的分解,改善D-半乳糖诱导的衰老相关脑功能损伤。
T-NOS为一氧化氮合酶,它在神经系统中广泛表达,可催化L-精氨酸转化为一种重要的神经递质NO(一氧化氮)。如图3所示,与正常对照组相比,模型组T-NOS活性显著增强(P<0.01),活力增加了23.036%,这会导致脑组织中NO过量生成,产生细胞毒性,可能促进衰老疾病的发生[21]。经过西红花瓣多糖干预后,T-NOS活力下降,并呈剂量依赖关系,其中西红花瓣多糖中、高剂量组T-NOS活力分别显著下降了17.22%、17.56%(P<0.01)。
整体来看,西红花瓣多糖可以通过影响脑组织中AChE和T-NOS活性,来改善脑组织微环境,从而缓解D-半乳糖诱导的衰老损伤进程。
p53是重要的肿瘤抑制蛋白,应激激活后可诱导细胞周期停滞或凋亡[22]。Bax又称凋亡蛋白B-淋巴细胞-2相关X蛋白,是一种促凋亡蛋白。Bax会在细胞受到损伤或应激时,增加线粒体通透性,激活Caspase家族,促进凋亡信号释放,导致细胞凋亡。Caspase-3即半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3,又称死亡蛋白执行酶,通常以无活性的酶元存在,活化后变成有活性的Caspas-3,可导致细胞凋亡进入不可逆的阶段。如图4所示,与正常对照组相比,模型组P53、Bax、Caspase-3蛋白表达上调了48.41%、25.08%、37.91%(P<0.05),这一结果提示D-半乳糖造模成功,其通过氧化应激激活p53-Bax-Caspase-3凋亡通路,造成神经元不可逆损伤。与模型组相比,西红花瓣多糖以剂量依赖方式抑制其蛋白表达,其中西红花瓣多糖高剂量组P53、Bax、Caspase-3蛋白表达分别显著下调了37.88%、37.12%、30.02%(P<0.05)。其机制可能涉及抗氧化、调控Bcl-2家族及直接干预Caspase活化级联。
根据前文研究结果,西红花瓣多糖高剂量组表现出显著的治疗效果。为进一步明确药物干预对代谢的影响,本研究聚焦于代谢变化分析,故选取正常对照组、模型组和西红花瓣多糖高剂量组三组样本进行代谢物含量差异的统计分析。如图5A所示,排名前20的代谢物分别为:Arachidonic acid、Hexadecanamide、Stearamide、Creatine、Arachidonoyl amide、Adrenic acid、Nicotinamide、1-Stearoylglycerol、PC 19:2_19:2、N-Acetylaspartic acid、Creatinine、LPC 18:1-SN1、PC 17:0_17:1、Hypoxanthine、PC 18:1_18:1、LPE 22:6、LPC 22:6-SN1、Stearic acid、L-Phenylalanine、LPC 22:6-SN2。肌酸(Creatine)与能量代谢密切相关,是神经元和轴突完整性标志。一些假说还认为肌酸可以通过影响能量供应来保护神经提高认知功能[23],肌酸在不同状态下含量保持稳定,可作为其他代谢物的参照标准[24]。与正常组相比,模型组N-乙酰天冬氨酸/肌酸的比值下降了10.31%。与模型组相比,西红花瓣多糖使脑组织N-乙酰天冬氨酸/肌酸的比值提高了39.48%,可促进神经细胞修复,改善脑损伤小鼠的神经功能[25]。
在脑组织中,有些代谢物扮演着非常重要的生物角色,比如说脂质、维生素、多肽等,利用KEGG数据库对代谢物扮演的生物角色进行标注,得到生物学角色百分比含量堆积柱形图。如图5B所示,这些代谢物扮演的生物角色分别为: Lipid(脂质)、Vitamins and cofactors(维生素及辅因子)、Peptides(肽)、Nucleic acids(核酸)、Steroids(类固醇)、Organic acids(有机酸)、Hormones and transmitters(激素与神经递质)、Carbohydrates(碳水化合物)、Antibiotics(抗生素)。大脑是脂质含量最高的器官之一,其对于维护神经结构及功能十分重要,介导各种信号转导[26]。模型组脂质含量占所有代谢物的67%,与正常组相比下调了约6%。西红花瓣多糖高剂量组与模型组相比,脂质代谢物的含量上调了7.94%。
为了探究不同样本间的相似性特征,可以采用聚类分析方法对样本进行分类。具体而言,通过筛选目标代谢物,基于样本的代谢物组成进行聚类分析,从而评估不同样本或分组间的相似性或差异性。如图5C所示,不同分组的样本在聚类图中分布于不同区域,表明各组间在这30种代谢物的组成结构上存在显著差异。这些代谢物如表2所示。磷脂酰胆碱是细胞膜的主要成分,尤其是神经元膜的主要成分,磷脂酰胆碱代谢紊乱会影响细胞膜结构中的脂质运输以及整合膜蛋白的转运调控[27]。模型组各种磷脂酰胆碱均下调,可能反映神经元膜氧化损伤,西红花瓣多糖干预组这种情况有所缓解。花生四烯酸是脑中半必需的不饱和脂肪酸,通常被酯化成磷脂用于神经元、胶质细胞和内皮细胞的细胞膜构成,参与脑代谢的调节,一些神经性疾病患者表现出花生四烯酸代谢异常[28]。模型组相对于正常对照组来说,脑组织花生四烯酸下调,在西红花瓣多糖干预后上调。
利用偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA),研究三组小鼠的脑组织上清液代谢物的差异。如图6A~图6B所示,模型组与正常对照组完全分离,说明脑组织内源性代谢产物差异比较明显,同时也说明连续对小鼠颈背部皮下注射D-半乳糖对其脑组织小分子代谢物产生影响。模型组与多糖干预组完全分离且相隔较远,说明西红花瓣多糖干预对D-半乳糖引起的小鼠脑代谢异常产生了较大影响。
为了进一步研究3组样本的分离情况,进行正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA),如图6C~图6F所示,正常对照组和模型组、模型组和多糖剂量组相比,组间分离度进一步提高,说明模型组与正常对照组的代谢差异不仅显著,而且可能由特定的关键代谢物驱动。通过置换检验评估,计算模型的R2Y(模型在训练集的预测能力)和Q2Y(模型在交叉验证的验证集中的预测能力),pR2Y和pQ2均小于0.05,说明以上模型比较可靠。
选择潜在变量作为生物标志物的依据是OPLS-DA模型中VIP大于1,P值小于0.05。如图7所示,模型组与多糖干预组相比,共筛选出320种差异代谢物。除代谢物组间差异显著性外,其变化幅度亦需量化评估,代谢物变化的倍数(Fold Change,FC)可衡量不同组间代谢物是否发生变化、差异是否显著以及变化的大小程度。黄色区域的代谢物是P值(未校正)小于0.05,log2(FC)绝对值大于1的代谢物,这些显著差异代谢物具有较大变化幅度,需优先关注。
基于单维统计结果,筛选差异最显著的25个代谢物进行箱线图可视化分析,如图8所示,这25个代谢物分别为:Glutamine、L-Cystine、SHexCer 34:1;2O、SHexCer 36:2;2O、D-(-)-Glutamine、Cyclocytidine、D-Glucose 6-phosphate、Tetranor-12R-HETE、L-Glutamic acid、D-Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate、γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)、N-Acetyl-L-carnosine、Hexanoylglycine、SHexCer 42:3;2O、L-(+)-Citrulline、DL-2-(acetylamino)-3-phenylpropanoic acid、1-Methylguanine、Propionyl-L-carnitine、N1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-chlorobenzamide、Xanthurenic acid、Asp-Phe methyl ester、6-Phosphogluconic acid、N6-Isopentenyladenosine、N-benzoyl-N'-(2-chlorophenyl)thiourea、Cytidine 5'-Monophosphate-N-Acetylneuraminic Acid。这些代谢物涉及多个代谢途径,主要包括氨基酸代谢、脂质代谢、糖代谢和神经递质代谢等。这些代谢物在细胞代谢中扮演重要角色,涉及能量产生、信号传导、细胞结构和功能维持等多个方面。
为了进一步研究样品对衰老小鼠脑代谢的影响,通过功能富集分析,系统筛选在特定生物化学过程中显著富集的关键信号通路,以深入解析该过程的分子调控机制,图9A揭示了有差异的代谢物显著富集的代谢通路。
非靶向代谢组学分析结果表明,差异代谢物涉及到的代谢途径主要富集在:a.氨基酸及其相关代谢:氨基酸生物合成(丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢、精氨酸生物合成、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸代谢、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢),氨基酸衍生物代谢(谷胱甘肽代谢、牛磺酸和亚牛磺酸代谢、D-氨基酸代谢、β-丙氨酸代谢),氨酰-tRNA生物合成;b.能量与碳骨架代:磷酸戊糖途径、2-氧代羧酸代谢、丁酸代谢;c.辅因子与维生素代谢:辅因子的生物合成、硫胺素代谢、泛酸和辅酶A生物合成;d.核苷酸代谢:嘌呤代谢。其中精氨酸生物合成、谷胱甘肽代谢的生物合成这两个代谢通路需要重点关注。
传统的富集分析仅能揭示差异代谢物在通路水平的分布特征,而拓扑分析则进一步量化了各代谢物在通路网络中的影响力。通过计算Impact指标,可精确评估特定代谢物对通路功能的关键性贡献。如果一个代谢物下游没有任何通路或者基因,则这个代谢物所起的作用几乎为0,如果这个代谢物靠近上游,下游有很多其他代谢物或基因,则这个代谢物对该通路影响较大。拓扑分析图的横坐标为ORA分析的P值,蓝色区域代表P<0.05;纵坐标为拓扑分析Impact值,红色的圆点是我们应当格外关注的代谢物。如图9B所示,精氨酸的生物合成和谷胱甘肽的代谢是首要关注的代谢通路,这与ORA富集分析结果一致。
一些重要氨基酸水平的变化与衰老密切相关[29−30]。谷氨酰胺(Glutamine)、D-(-)-谷氨酰胺(D-(-)-Glutamine)、L-谷氨酸(L-Glutamic acid)这些代谢物参与谷氨酰胺代谢和谷氨酸代谢。模型组谷氨酸及谷氨酰胺含量明显低于多糖干预组,可能与D-半乳糖诱导的氧化应激导致神经元损伤和代谢紊乱有关。氧化应激破坏线粒体功能,影响能量代谢,减少谷氨酸合成。西红花瓣多糖通过其抗氧化活性改善能量代谢,减轻氧化应激,保护线粒体功能[31],维持谷氨酸正常合成。
谷氨酸是谷胱甘肽(GSH)的前体,其水平影响GSH合成。GSH可作为自由基清除剂,保护血脑屏障的完整性,降低脑组织的损伤程度。GSH也在衰老及相关疾病中起关键作用,参与细胞凋亡调控。凋亡细胞GSH水平较低,补充GSH前体可延缓凋亡[32]。在衰老的过程中,GSH代谢途径发生显著变化,有研究表明GSH代谢水平的高低对维持骨骼肌干细胞年轻化具有重要作用[33]。此外,GSH代谢不仅关乎抗氧化防御,还与线粒体铁代谢、能量生成紧密偶联[34]。如图10所示,在西红花瓣多糖干预下,GSH代谢途径的合成起始及反应分支底物富集,表明底物供应充足,GSH消耗或转化增加,可能在解毒、抗氧化及信号传导中发挥重要作用。
精氨酸代谢在衰老过程中常发生失调,表现为鸟氨酸、瓜氨酸水平随年龄上升,而精氨酸水平下降[35]。精氨酸代谢涉及一氧化氮(NO)合成、尿素循环和多胺合成。精氨酸通过尿素循环转化为鸟氨酸和尿素,清除体内氨毒性,其代谢产物多胺(如腐胺、精胺)参与细胞增殖、分化和神经保护。衰老过程中衰老细胞内精氨酸浓度明显低于年轻细胞[36],导致氨清除能力下降。如图11所示,西红花瓣多糖可通过激活精氨酸代谢,改善脑组织微循环和神经功能,缓解衰老相关变化。
此外,丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢作为与年龄相关的代谢途径[37],具有抗氧化和抗衰老作用[38]。牛磺酸和次牛磺酸能调节衰老[39]。嘌呤代谢通路参与认知功能调控,其代谢产物与氧化应激及认知障碍存在显著关联[40]。β-丙氨酸代谢中的β-丙氨酸可通过调节 cAMP-PKA 和凋亡信号通路来增强小鼠的空间学习和记忆以及抗疲劳能力[41]。泛酸和辅酶A生物合成通路调控小鼠物质与能量代谢[42]。
本研究探讨了西红花瓣多糖的抗衰老作用及其潜在作用机制。研究结果显示,西红花瓣多糖干预能有效改善神经元功能、调节脑组织中T-NOS和AChE的活性、下调P53、Bax、Caspase-3蛋白表达。脑代谢组分析进一步揭示了西红花瓣多糖可调控精氨酸生物合成和谷胱甘肽代谢两条关键通路。综上所述,本研究不仅证实了西红花瓣多糖在维持神经元结构和功能完整性方面的显著效果,更从关键蛋白、代谢通路层面阐明了其抗衰老作用的分子基础,这些发现为天然多糖在年龄相关的疾病防治中的应用提供了重要的理论支持。

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2026年第47卷第8期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040016
  • 接收时间:2025-04-03
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-03
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    1湖州师范大学生命科学学院,浙江湖州 313000
    2湖州市中心医院,浙江湖州 313000
    3湖州市农业科学研究院,浙江湖州 313000

通讯作者:

张忠山(1982−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食药同源资源开发利用,E-mail:。
王晓梅(1981−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食药同源资源开发利用,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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