Article(id=1320884534833431526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883558764359808, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050306, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1748448000000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792853013952, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1776182400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792853013952, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792853013952, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792853013952, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883558764359808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1776182400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852781239, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852781239, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=273, endPage=284, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320884535148004327, articleId=1320884534833431526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Ethanol-tolerant Enzyme Preparation and One-step Efficient Extraction of Saponins from
Xanthoceras sorbifolium Leaves, columnId=1261343843090313538, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Processing Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
To address the current issues of high consumption of organic solvent and prolonged extraction time inherent in the two-step method involving enzymes and ultrasound for efficient extraction of saponins from Xanthoceras sorbifolium leaves. A specific strain of black aspergillus fungus from humus soil was selectively isolated in this study. Based on the ethanol tolerance characteristics of the mixed enzymes obtained after fermentation, a one-step method using ultrasonication-enzyme-ethanol extraction process for saponins from Xanthoceras sorbifolium leaves was designed and compared with the ultrasonication-assisted enzymatic extraction (two-step method). The optimized conditions through single factor and response surface experiments were employed to analyze samples using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to characterize and analyze the structural features of the Xanthoceras sorbifolium leaf residue. As a results, the ethanol-tolerant cellulase mixed enzyme secreted by this strain, exhibiting an endoglucanase activity of 254±0.05 U/mL, which was demonstrated remarkable stability in 40% ethanol, with relative enzyme activities of β-glucosidase and xylanase retained at 78.67%±0.25% and 55.34%±4.00%, respectively. Importantly, the mixed enzyme does not contain ochratoxin, ensuring high safety. Under optimal conditions (ultrasonic temperature 55 ℃, power 300 W, ethanol concentration 40%, time 30 min) with mixed enzyme as a solution and anhydrous ethanol as a solvent, the response surface experiments revealed that saponin yield reached 14.98%±0.08%, representing a 101.89% increase compared to ultrasonic ethanol extraction (7.42%±0.23%). Furthermore, ethanol consumption was reduced by 30% relative to the two-step method, while saponin yield improved by 59% (9.42%±0.04%). UPLC-Q-TOF MS analysis confirmed that the saponin composition unchanged remained from one-step method and showing a significant increase in content compared to the two step method. Besides, SEM, FT-IR and XRD further confirmed the effectiveness of one-step method, inducing more substantial material degradation than the two-step method, more pronounced disruption of O-H, C=C and C-O-C bonds and complete degradation of amorphous regions. This one-step method combined the advantages of high saponin yield, low solvent consumption, mild operating conditions, and environmental friendliness, providing a novel solution for the green and efficient extraction of saponins from Xanthoceras sorbifolium leaves and offering valuable insight for the extraction of other natural active compounds.
, authors=Huan LONG
1, Rui GUO
1, Jiahong WANG
1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=Huan LONG, Rui GUO, Jiahong WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jiahong WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320884542001496081, articleId=1320884534833431526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=耐乙醇酶制备及一步法高效提取文冠果叶皂苷, columnId=1261343845481066826, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=工艺技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
为解决目前使用酶和超声两步法提取存在有机试剂消耗量高和提取时间长的问题,实现文冠果叶皂苷高效提取,本研究从腐殖土壤中定向筛选耐乙醇的产酶菌株,根据其发酵后获得混合酶的耐乙醇特性,设计一步超声-酶-乙醇提取文冠果叶皂苷工艺并与超声辅助酶解提取(两步法)进行比较。通过单因素及响应面试验优化条件,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)、环境扫描电子显微镜(Scanning electron microscopy,SEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FT-IR)和X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)表征和解析了文冠果叶残渣的结构特征。结果表明,黑曲霉Aspergillus niger 42发酵的混合酶耐乙醇效果最佳,其分泌的耐乙醇纤维素混合酶(内切葡聚糖酶酶活254±0.05 U/mL)在40%乙醇中稳定性显著(P<0.001)(β-葡萄糖苷酶和木聚糖酶相对酶活分别保留78.67%±0.25%和55.34%±4.00%),且不产生赭曲霉毒素,安全性高。响应面试验显示,以混合酶作为溶液,无水乙醇作为溶质,在最优条件下(超声温度55 ℃、功率300 W、乙醇浓度40%、时间30 min),皂苷得率达14.98%±0.08%,较超声乙醇提取(7.42%±0.23%)提升101.89%,且乙醇用量较两步法减少30%,皂苷得率提高59%(9.42%±0.04%)。UPLC-Q-TOF MS证实一步法提取物的皂苷组成未变且较两步法含量显著增加。SEM、FT-IR和XRD结果分析表明,一步法较两步法处理对原料表观结构的破坏更大,对结构中的O-H、C=C和C-O-C等化学键被破坏更明显且无定形区被充分降解,该一步法兼具皂苷得率高、溶剂消耗低、操作条件温和及环境友好等优势,为文冠果叶皂苷的绿色高效提取提供了新解决方案,对其他天然活性物质的提取提供借鉴。
, authors=龙欢
1, 郭锐
1, 王佳宏
1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=龙欢, 郭锐, 王佳宏, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王佳宏, authorNote=
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, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=bkhjN/ZVp0Q19d9OGmRwDw==, magXml=9wKHU+dGAecCOBlSvHVVhQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Yuyh3njJAnwWD2oFzR1ksg==, pdfFileSize=10883691, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=dnt32QLAuvbURqautwbRRA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=p+VnEkDtSLObL42r+QdjAQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320884542420926492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2061306610@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320884542483841054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, authorId=1320884542420926492, language=EN, stringName=Huan LONG, firstName=Huan, middleName=null, lastName=LONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1南京林业大学森林食物资源挖掘与利用全国重点实验室,江苏南京 210037, bio={"content":"
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1National Key Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2Co-innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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2南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京 210037
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Xanthoceras sorbifolium) in China using ISSR markers[J]. Journal of Forestry Research, 2016, 27(5): 1099−104., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320884551379959898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG D, SU D, LI X Z, et al. Barrigenol triterpenes from the husks of
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Clostridium tyrobutyricum strain and ionic membrane technology combination pattern for refinery final molasses recovery and butyric acid production[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2023, 14: 1065953., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320884556010471553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIE P J, HUANG L X, ZHANG C H, et al. Reduced pressure extraction of oleuropein from olive leaves (
Olea europaea L.) with ultrasound assistance[J]. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 2015, 93: 29−38., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320884556073386114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN H, ZHAO C, LI J, et al. Effects of extrusion on structural and physicochemical properties of soluble dietary fiber from nodes of lotus root[J]. Lwt-Food Science and Technology, 2018, 93: 204−211., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320884556140494979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG W, ZENG G, PAN Y, et al. Properties of soluble dietary fiber-polysaccharide from papaya peel obtained through alkaline or ultrasound-assisted alkaline extraction[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2017, 172: 102−112., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320884556199215236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ELSHEEKH M M, BEDAIWY M Y, ELNAGAR A A, et al. Saccharification of pre-treated wheat straw via optimized enzymatic production using
Aspergillus niger: chemical analysis of lignocellulosic matrix[J]. Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, 2023, 41(4): 309−321., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320884556257935493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG H, HORIKAWA Y, TSUCHIKAWA S, et al. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy as a novel tool for crystallographic analysis in cellulose[J]. Cellulose, 2020, 27: 9767−9777., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320884556320850054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Y, LIU X, CUI Y, et al. Ultrasound for microalgal cell disruption and product extraction: A review[J]. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2022, 87: 106054., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320884542194434066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884542202822675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, companyId=1320884542194434066, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1National Key Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884542215405588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, companyId=1320884542194434066, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1南京林业大学森林食物资源挖掘与利用全国重点实验室,江苏南京 210037)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320884542278320149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884542282514454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, companyId=1320884542278320149, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2Co-innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884542290903063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, companyId=1320884542278320149, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京 210037)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320884542345429016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884542349623321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, companyId=1320884542345429016, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3Co-innovation Center of Efficient Procession of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884542358011930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, companyId=1320884542345429016, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3南京林业大学森林资源高效利用协同创新中心,江苏南京 210037)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320884543872155704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Characterisation of ethanol resistance of enzymes produced by fermentation of 20 strains of bacteria in the second round of screening, figureFileSmall=xokzwgGiHnXjmwLeesADBQ==, figureFileBig=dnt32QLAuvbURqautwbRRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884543943458873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
第二轮筛选20株菌发酵产酶的耐乙醇特性研究注:A. 内切葡聚糖酶;B. 滤纸酶;C. 木聚糖酶;D. β-葡萄苷酶;不同小写字母表示菌株间差异显著(P<0.001)。
, figureFileSmall=xokzwgGiHnXjmwLeesADBQ==, figureFileBig=dnt32QLAuvbURqautwbRRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884545688289338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Phylogenetic tree of strain 42, figureFileSmall=CozSNpogWsi8/P1SfqdQ1g==, figureFileBig=tjtG+N7aKPghhq3tF07qbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884545772175419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
菌株42的系统发育树, figureFileSmall=CozSNpogWsi8/P1SfqdQ1g==, figureFileBig=tjtG+N7aKPghhq3tF07qbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884545835089980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Optimum temperature and pH of enzyme cocktails, figureFileSmall=qynbCti9ViROC4auvhbYNg==, figureFileBig=erLEiOvQP6q0McnaHnj3CA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884545927364669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
混合酶的最适温度与pH注:A为最适温度;B为最适pH。
, figureFileSmall=qynbCti9ViROC4auvhbYNg==, figureFileBig=erLEiOvQP6q0McnaHnj3CA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884545986084926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Characterisation of ethanol resistance of enzyme cocktails, figureFileSmall=5RCFY73uGPw6anDdnj9C6A==, figureFileBig=FT7iKOO42AAyLge3OypGJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884546053193791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
混合酶耐乙醇特性研究注:A为10%~60%乙醇处理30 min;B为10%~60%乙醇处理90 min;C为10%~60%乙醇处理150 min。
, figureFileSmall=5RCFY73uGPw6anDdnj9C6A==, figureFileBig=FT7iKOO42AAyLge3OypGJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884546111914048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Enzyme activities before and after one-step ultrasonic extraction with different concentrations of ethanol, figureFileSmall=PClfssGXU3SQOQeI91nbuA==, figureFileBig=EF6c8r1GUZHulRyPF9ekIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884546204188737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
不同浓度乙醇一步法超声提取前后的酶活注:A. 滤纸酶活力;B. β-葡萄糖苷酶活力;C. 内切葡聚糖酶活力;D. 木聚糖酶活力;不同大写字母表示组内有显著性差异,P<0.01,不同小写字母表示组间差异显著,P<0.01。
, figureFileSmall=PClfssGXU3SQOQeI91nbuA==, figureFileBig=EF6c8r1GUZHulRyPF9ekIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884546430681154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Effect of extraction conditions on the extraction rate of saponins, figureFileSmall=d6GBoVqFRNp0/WpDEdrJbQ==, figureFileBig=lghEVxn13/m25GZeStpQBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884546510372931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
提取条件对皂苷得率的影响注:A. 乙醇浓度与超声时间;B. 超声功率与超声温度;不同字母表示有显著性差异,P<0.01。
, figureFileSmall=d6GBoVqFRNp0/WpDEdrJbQ==, figureFileBig=lghEVxn13/m25GZeStpQBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884546606841924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Response surface 3D plots presenting the significant interactive effect of extraction variables to the saponin yield, figureFileSmall=/VkCQLuNxHXlkqvCw42UqQ==, figureFileBig=eTz2/2zNXSe2/qZeTo56nA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884546900443205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
提取变量对皂苷得率的显著交互作用响应面图, figureFileSmall=/VkCQLuNxHXlkqvCw42UqQ==, figureFileBig=eTz2/2zNXSe2/qZeTo56nA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884547005300806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Scanning electron micrographs of Xanthoceras sorbifolium leaves after extraction by different methods (50 μm), figureFileSmall=pZvISRE5jel+Nm58jLGfMA==, figureFileBig=ctB9HZzKcg3kN3u5xKpnXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884547332456519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
不同方法提取后的文冠果叶的扫描电镜图(50 μm)注:a. 对照(未经任何处理的文冠果叶);b. 超声乙醇提取样品;c. 两步法提取样品;d. 一步法提取样品。
, figureFileSmall=pZvISRE5jel+Nm58jLGfMA==, figureFileBig=ctB9HZzKcg3kN3u5xKpnXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884547391176776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
FT-IR plots of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge leaves extracted by different methods, figureFileSmall=JxfVU3TbTrSUYjykOOJHGg==, figureFileBig=r4hMmd52SqZ6P1gUn3a0Zg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884547454091337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
不同提取方法的文冠果叶FT-IR图注:CK为对照(未经任何处理的文冠果叶),UE为经超声乙醇提取,UME为两步法提取样品,MUE为一步法提取样品。
, figureFileSmall=JxfVU3TbTrSUYjykOOJHGg==, figureFileBig=r4hMmd52SqZ6P1gUn3a0Zg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884547701555274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
X-ray diffraction of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge leaves after different treatments, figureFileSmall=Vovr2aArvIUFyWvM977TLQ==, figureFileBig=0r86NSasT1QJU6VNr32x8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884547768664139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
不同处理后的文冠果叶的X射线衍射图注:CK为对照(未经任何处理的文冠果叶),UE为超声乙醇提取样品,UME为两步法,MUE为一步法提取样品;峰1:C20O12H32,峰2:C52O8H80,峰3:C16H28O8,峰4:C54H60O8。
, figureFileSmall=Vovr2aArvIUFyWvM977TLQ==, figureFileBig=0r86NSasT1QJU6VNr32x8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884547827384396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Box-Behnken test factors and levels
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 水平 | 因素 |
|---|
A 超声温度(℃) | B 超声功率(W) | C 乙醇浓度(%) |
|---|
| 1 | 50 | 240 | 30 |
| 0 | 55 | 300 | 40 |
| −1 | 60 | 360 | 50 |
), ArticleFig(id=1320884547894493261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
响应面试验设计因素与水平
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 水平 | 因素 |
|---|
A 超声温度(℃) | B 超声功率(W) | C 乙醇浓度(%) |
|---|
| 1 | 50 | 240 | 30 |
| 0 | 55 | 300 | 40 |
| −1 | 60 | 360 | 50 |
), ArticleFig(id=1320884547969990734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
20 Fungal strains with high yields of cellulase and hemicellulase
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 菌株 | CMC(U/mL) | FPA(U/mL) | BG(U/mL) | Xyl*(U/mL) |
|---|
| B4 | 26.37±5.99i | 202.93±3.88e | 23.10±3.22a | 100.98±6.27o |
| B6 | 162.32±5.04c | 166.27±1.35f | 6.78±0.72c | 487.75±5.93b |
| D6 | 139.07±5.83f | 34.94±4.31mn | 8.43±0.92c | 402. 62±5.60e |
| D15 | 188.98±8.82ab | 23.10±0.66p | 7.45±0.67d | 189.37±7.30j |
| D17 | 116.33±7.61g | 37.56±2.58im | 14.06±0.82b | 141.96±4.16m |
| D13 | 141.86±6.86ef | 24.85±3.69o | 2.42±0.09d | 163.86±2.24k |
| D4 | 146.80±9.57de | 57.78±0.65k | 6.73±1.21c | 155.29±6.73kl |
| D43 | 200.88±3.21a | 65.53±4.46k | 2.46±0.45d | 290.73±5.72g |
| 2 | 130.82±1.66f | 43.53±6.89i | 15.41±1.70b | 423.95±7.25d |
| 11 | 146.53±6.67de | 27.13±2.64no | 15.72±0.43b | 444.90±6.93c |
| 14 | 104.67±8.69g | 27.89±3.31no | 15.41±0.73b | 438.58±8.54c |
| 16 | 157.17±6.23cd | 366.08±1.82c | 2.66±0.29d | 578.24±0.94a |
| 17 | 129.47±8.35f | 20.95±1.18o | 14.53±2.10b | 145.47±5.11lm |
| 22 | 178.26±9.59b | 67.07±0.58j | 2.92±0.34d | 278.10±6.88h |
| 41 | 178.03±8.20cde | 427.91±2.16b | 2.08±0.22d | 486.54±1.57b |
| 42 | 149.74±3.55de | 496.26±2.72a | 2.59±0.44d | 228.01±5.48i |
| S6 | 112.32±6.10g | 349.77±2.25d | 3.32±1.81d | 60.96±2.70n |
| 96 | 13.16±7.53j | 156.51±4.31g | 8.74±2.43c | 104.03±6.27n |
| B22 | 49.19±5.60h | 99.70±7.20h | 1.93±0.03d | 386.27±3.63f |
| 55 | 56.06±1.39de | 129.92±1.42i | 8.09±1. 60d | 163.70±7.53k |
), ArticleFig(id=1320884548133568591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
20株高产纤维素酶和半纤维素酶的真菌菌株
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 菌株 | CMC(U/mL) | FPA(U/mL) | BG(U/mL) | Xyl*(U/mL) |
|---|
| B4 | 26.37±5.99i | 202.93±3.88e | 23.10±3.22a | 100.98±6.27o |
| B6 | 162.32±5.04c | 166.27±1.35f | 6.78±0.72c | 487.75±5.93b |
| D6 | 139.07±5.83f | 34.94±4.31mn | 8.43±0.92c | 402. 62±5.60e |
| D15 | 188.98±8.82ab | 23.10±0.66p | 7.45±0.67d | 189.37±7.30j |
| D17 | 116.33±7.61g | 37.56±2.58im | 14.06±0.82b | 141.96±4.16m |
| D13 | 141.86±6.86ef | 24.85±3.69o | 2.42±0.09d | 163.86±2.24k |
| D4 | 146.80±9.57de | 57.78±0.65k | 6.73±1.21c | 155.29±6.73kl |
| D43 | 200.88±3.21a | 65.53±4.46k | 2.46±0.45d | 290.73±5.72g |
| 2 | 130.82±1.66f | 43.53±6.89i | 15.41±1.70b | 423.95±7.25d |
| 11 | 146.53±6.67de | 27.13±2.64no | 15.72±0.43b | 444.90±6.93c |
| 14 | 104.67±8.69g | 27.89±3.31no | 15.41±0.73b | 438.58±8.54c |
| 16 | 157.17±6.23cd | 366.08±1.82c | 2.66±0.29d | 578.24±0.94a |
| 17 | 129.47±8.35f | 20.95±1.18o | 14.53±2.10b | 145.47±5.11lm |
| 22 | 178.26±9.59b | 67.07±0.58j | 2.92±0.34d | 278.10±6.88h |
| 41 | 178.03±8.20cde | 427.91±2.16b | 2.08±0.22d | 486.54±1.57b |
| 42 | 149.74±3.55de | 496.26±2.72a | 2.59±0.44d | 228.01±5.48i |
| S6 | 112.32±6.10g | 349.77±2.25d | 3.32±1.81d | 60.96±2.70n |
| 96 | 13.16±7.53j | 156.51±4.31g | 8.74±2.43c | 104.03±6.27n |
| B22 | 49.19±5.60h | 99.70±7.20h | 1.93±0.03d | 386.27±3.63f |
| 55 | 56.06±1.39de | 129.92±1.42i | 8.09±1. 60d | 163.70±7.53k |
), ArticleFig(id=1320884548548804688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Box-Behken design and experimental results
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 实验号 | 温度(℃) | 超声功率(W) | 乙醇浓度(%) | 皂苷得率(%) |
|---|
| 1 | 55 | 300 | 40 | 14.71±0.16 |
| 2 | 55 | 300 | 40 | 14.98±0.38 |
| 3 | 55 | 300 | 40 | 13.97±0.26 |
| 4 | 50 | 300 | 30 | 10.04±0.10 |
| 5 | 60 | 360 | 40 | 9.38±0.23 |
| 6 | 60 | 240 | 40 | 8.24±0.10 |
| 7 | 55 | 300 | 40 | 15.69±0.27 |
| 8 | 50 | 300 | 50 | 10.78±0.19 |
| 9 | 55 | 360 | 50 | 8.94±0.28 |
| 10 | 60 | 300 | 30 | 9.90±0.04 |
| 11 | 55 | 360 | 30 | 10.43±0.24 |
| 12 | 50 | 360 | 40 | 10.68±0.17 |
| 13 | 60 | 300 | 50 | 9.54±0.27 |
| 14 | 55 | 300 | 40 | 15.48±0.34 |
| 15 | 55 | 240 | 30 | 7.32±0.03 |
| 16 | 50 | 240 | 40 | 9.07±0.30 |
| 17 | 55 | 240 | 50 | 9.42±0.26 |
), ArticleFig(id=1320884550251692113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
响应面试验设计及结果
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| 实验号 | 温度(℃) | 超声功率(W) | 乙醇浓度(%) | 皂苷得率(%) |
|---|
| 1 | 55 | 300 | 40 | 14.71±0.16 |
| 2 | 55 | 300 | 40 | 14.98±0.38 |
| 3 | 55 | 300 | 40 | 13.97±0.26 |
| 4 | 50 | 300 | 30 | 10.04±0.10 |
| 5 | 60 | 360 | 40 | 9.38±0.23 |
| 6 | 60 | 240 | 40 | 8.24±0.10 |
| 7 | 55 | 300 | 40 | 15.69±0.27 |
| 8 | 50 | 300 | 50 | 10.78±0.19 |
| 9 | 55 | 360 | 50 | 8.94±0.28 |
| 10 | 60 | 300 | 30 | 9.90±0.04 |
| 11 | 55 | 360 | 30 | 10.43±0.24 |
| 12 | 50 | 360 | 40 | 10.68±0.17 |
| 13 | 60 | 300 | 50 | 9.54±0.27 |
| 14 | 55 | 300 | 40 | 15.48±0.34 |
| 15 | 55 | 240 | 30 | 7.32±0.03 |
| 16 | 50 | 240 | 40 | 9.07±0.30 |
| 17 | 55 | 240 | 50 | 9.42±0.26 |
), ArticleFig(id=1320884550364938322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of saponin extraction yield
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| 因素 | 平方和 | 自由度 | 均方 | F值 | P值 | 显著性 |
|---|
| 模型 | 117.41 | 9 | 13.05 | 47.44 | ˂0.0001 | ** |
| A | 1.54 | 1 | 1.54 | 5.60 | 0.0498 | * |
| B | 3.61 | 1 | 3.61 | 13.15 | 0.0084 | ** |
| C | 0.12 | 1 | 0.12 | 0.44 | 0.5258 | |
| AB | 0.05 | 1 | 0.05 | 0.20 | 0.6675 | |
| AC | 0.30 | 1 | 0.30 | 1.10 | 0.3291 | |
| BC | 3.22 | 1 | 3.22 | 11.71 | 0.0110 | * |
| A² | 22.13 | 1 | 22.13 | 80.50 | ˂0.0001 | ** |
| B² | 46.70 | 1 | 46.70 | 169.84 | ˂0.0001 | ** |
| C² | 28.63 | 1 | 28.63 | 104.14 | ˂0.0001 | ** |
| 残差 | 1.92 | 7 | 0.27 | | | |
| 失拟项 | 0.07 | 3 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.9798 | 不显著 |
| 纯误差 | 1.85 | 4 | 0.46 | | | |
| 总和 | 119.34 | 16 | | | | |
| R2 | 0.9839 | | | | | |
| R2Adj | 0.9631 | | | | | |
), ArticleFig(id=1320884550633373779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
皂苷提取得率的方差分析
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 因素 | 平方和 | 自由度 | 均方 | F值 | P值 | 显著性 |
|---|
| 模型 | 117.41 | 9 | 13.05 | 47.44 | ˂0.0001 | ** |
| A | 1.54 | 1 | 1.54 | 5.60 | 0.0498 | * |
| B | 3.61 | 1 | 3.61 | 13.15 | 0.0084 | ** |
| C | 0.12 | 1 | 0.12 | 0.44 | 0.5258 | |
| AB | 0.05 | 1 | 0.05 | 0.20 | 0.6675 | |
| AC | 0.30 | 1 | 0.30 | 1.10 | 0.3291 | |
| BC | 3.22 | 1 | 3.22 | 11.71 | 0.0110 | * |
| A² | 22.13 | 1 | 22.13 | 80.50 | ˂0.0001 | ** |
| B² | 46.70 | 1 | 46.70 | 169.84 | ˂0.0001 | ** |
| C² | 28.63 | 1 | 28.63 | 104.14 | ˂0.0001 | ** |
| 残差 | 1.92 | 7 | 0.27 | | | |
| 失拟项 | 0.07 | 3 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.9798 | 不显著 |
| 纯误差 | 1.85 | 4 | 0.46 | | | |
| 总和 | 119.34 | 16 | | | | |
| R2 | 0.9839 | | | | | |
| R2Adj | 0.9631 | | | | | |
), ArticleFig(id=1320884550746619988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
Different extraction methods for extracting saponins from Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge leaves
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 提取方法 | 皂苷得率(%) |
|---|
| 超声乙醇提取 | 7.42±0.23c |
| 两步法 | 9.42±0.04b |
| 一步法 | 14.98±0.08a |
), ArticleFig(id=1320884550885032021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
不同方法提取文冠果叶皂苷
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 提取方法 | 皂苷得率(%) |
|---|
| 超声乙醇提取 | 7.42±0.23c |
| 两步法 | 9.42±0.04b |
| 一步法 | 14.98±0.08a |
), ArticleFig(id=1320884551036026966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=
Identification of terpenoids extracted from Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge leaves using different methods by UPLC-Q-TOF MS
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 编号 | 化合物 | 保留时间 (min) | 离子碎片信息 | m/z | 分子式 | 分子结构式 | 峰面积 |
|---|
| 一步法提取 | 超声乙醇提取 |
|---|
| 1 | xanthocerasic acid | 5.20 | 471.34,441.33,191.17 453.33,423.32,435.32 217.15,425.34 203.17,423.33 | 471.34 | C30H46O4 |  | 335356.68 | 477413.37 |
| 2 | Saikogenin B | 5.50 | 457.36,439.35 191.17,427.35 409.34,421.34 203.14,231.17 203.17,133.09 | 457.37 | C30H48O3 |  | 649622.12 | 326642.07 |
| 3 | Oleanolic acid-Glc-Glc | 4.11 | 781.47,421.35 439.35,781.46 207.17,163.05 403.33,437.34 145.04,419.33 | 781.47 | C42H68O13 |  | 37765.93 | 32076.52 |
| 4 | 积雪草酸(Asiatic acid) | 7.20 | 487.34,487.33,469.32 425.33,437.30,393.31 405.31,443.34,423.31 457.32 | 487.34 | C30H48O5 |  | 225674.97 | 214216.96 |
| 5 | Oleanolic acid-3-O-xylosyl(1→3)glucuronide | 7.70 | 763.43,761.04,763.36 551.37,455.35,483.34 631.38,569.38,595.36 139.00 | 763.43 | C41H64O13 |  | 350154.64 | 395285.87 |
| 6 | 知母皂苷 D (Timosaponin D) | 4.08 | 919.49,919.47,757.43 433.32,289.21,595.38 415.32,271.20,163.06 451.26 | 919.48 | C45H74O19 |  | 70422.25 | 7933.47 |
| 7 | 知母皂苷H1 (Timosaponin H1) | 3.89 | 1227.56,1095.50,1065.51 1223.73,1226.55,1095.53 1223.70,1223.77 1226.57,771.41 | 1227.56 | C56H92O29 |  | 19163070.97 | 19234064.62 |
| 8 | 原薯蓣皂苷(Protodioscin) | 4.67 | 1047.55 901,50 901.48 1044.29,1044.27,1044.26 1044.25,1044.35 883.48,1044.32 | 1047.53 | C51H84O22 |  | 221497.52 | 6802.13 |
| 9 | Cordianol B | 7.20 | 487.34,487.33,275.20 485.83,409.31,487.29 159.04,215.03 | 487.34 | C30H48O5 |  | 164044.54 | 13463.83 |
| 10 | 3,12,23,25-tetrahydroxy-20S,24S-epoxydammarane-3-O-xylosylglucoside | 9.45 | 787.49,625.44,607.43 769.48,513.35,787.46 733.46,349.23 751.47,527.37 | 787.50 | C41H70O14 |  | 876331.78 | 445785.93 |
| 11 | 2,3-Dihydroxy-12-ursen-28-oic acid | 2.33 | 451.12,289.07,245.08 451.12,451.11,313.07 205.05,137.02 203.07,165.02 | 471.35 | C30H48O4 |  | 2104783.86 | 1441708.08 |
), ArticleFig(id=1320884551136690264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884534833431526, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
采用UPLC-Q-TOF MS鉴定使用不同方法从文冠果叶提取的萜类物质
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 编号 | 化合物 | 保留时间 (min) | 离子碎片信息 | m/z | 分子式 | 分子结构式 | 峰面积 |
|---|
| 一步法提取 | 超声乙醇提取 |
|---|
| 1 | xanthocerasic acid | 5.20 | 471.34,441.33,191.17 453.33,423.32,435.32 217.15,425.34 203.17,423.33 | 471.34 | C30H46O4 |  | 335356.68 | 477413.37 |
| 2 | Saikogenin B | 5.50 | 457.36,439.35 191.17,427.35 409.34,421.34 203.14,231.17 203.17,133.09 | 457.37 | C30H48O3 |  | 649622.12 | 326642.07 |
| 3 | Oleanolic acid-Glc-Glc | 4.11 | 781.47,421.35 439.35,781.46 207.17,163.05 403.33,437.34 145.04,419.33 | 781.47 | C42H68O13 |  | 37765.93 | 32076.52 |
| 4 | 积雪草酸(Asiatic acid) | 7.20 | 487.34,487.33,469.32 425.33,437.30,393.31 405.31,443.34,423.31 457.32 | 487.34 | C30H48O5 |  | 225674.97 | 214216.96 |
| 5 | Oleanolic acid-3-O-xylosyl(1→3)glucuronide | 7.70 | 763.43,761.04,763.36 551.37,455.35,483.34 631.38,569.38,595.36 139.00 | 763.43 | C41H64O13 |  | 350154.64 | 395285.87 |
| 6 | 知母皂苷 D (Timosaponin D) | 4.08 | 919.49,919.47,757.43 433.32,289.21,595.38 415.32,271.20,163.06 451.26 | 919.48 | C45H74O19 |  | 70422.25 | 7933.47 |
| 7 | 知母皂苷H1 (Timosaponin H1) | 3.89 | 1227.56,1095.50,1065.51 1223.73,1226.55,1095.53 1223.70,1223.77 1226.57,771.41 | 1227.56 | C56H92O29 |  | 19163070.97 | 19234064.62 |
| 8 | 原薯蓣皂苷(Protodioscin) | 4.67 | 1047.55 901,50 901.48 1044.29,1044.27,1044.26 1044.25,1044.35 883.48,1044.32 | 1047.53 | C51H84O22 |  | 221497.52 | 6802.13 |
| 9 | Cordianol B | 7.20 | 487.34,487.33,275.20 485.83,409.31,487.29 159.04,215.03 | 487.34 | C30H48O5 |  | 164044.54 | 13463.83 |
| 10 | 3,12,23,25-tetrahydroxy-20S,24S-epoxydammarane-3-O-xylosylglucoside | 9.45 | 787.49,625.44,607.43 769.48,513.35,787.46 733.46,349.23 751.47,527.37 | 787.50 | C41H70O14 |  | 876331.78 | 445785.93 |
| 11 | 2,3-Dihydroxy-12-ursen-28-oic acid | 2.33 | 451.12,289.07,245.08 451.12,451.11,313.07 205.05,137.02 203.07,165.02 | 471.35 | C30H48O4 |  | 2104783.86 | 1441708.08 |
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