Article(id=1320884328192651306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883558764359808, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030279, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1742400000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852964685, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1776182400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852964685, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852964684, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852964684, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883558764359808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1776182400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852781239, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852781239, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=398, endPage=406, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320884328393977899, articleId=1320884328192651306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Methylmalonic Acidemia and Screening of Propionic Acid Reducing Dietary Factors, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The intestinal propionic acid level in patients with methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) may affect the course of the disease, but the current intervention strategy is still unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the differences in fecal propionic acid levels and gut microbiota composition between patients with MMA and healthy people, as well as to identify dietary factor combinations that effectively reduce propionic acid production through in vitro fecal fermentation model and MMA rat model. This investigation provides a novel strategy for dietary management in patients with MMA. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and metagenomic sequencing were employed to analyze propionic acid content, gut microbiota structure, and species composition in the feces of 28 patients with MMA and 17 healthy people. Subsequently, an in vitro fecal bacterial fermentation model was utilized to screen for optimal combinations among 12 dietary factors capable of significantly reducing propionic acid levels. Finally, 5-day-old Wistar rats (segregated into male and female subgroups) were selected to construct the MMA model and randomly divided into five groups: control group, model group, galactooligosaccharide+arabinogalactan group (GOS+AG group), galactooligosaccharide+tremella polysaccharide group (GOS+TPs group), and arabinogalactan+tremella polysaccharide group (AG+TPs group). Propionic acid content in rat feces was measured and analyzed at three time points: Prior to intervention (14 days), mid-stage (21 days), and late stage (28 days). The results demonstrated significant differences in fecal propionic acid levels (P<0.001) and gut microbiota structure (P=0.003) between patients with MMA and healthy people. Compared to the control group, higher abundances of Blautia wexlerae, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, and Blautia producta in the MMA group may represent critical factors influencing changes in intestinal propionic acid levels. After 24 hours of fermentation, screening identified that poria cocos polysaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, arabinogalactan, and tremella polysaccharides demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing propionic acid levels (P<0.05). Following the combination of the aforementioned five polysaccharides and subsequent fermentation, three combinations with the most effective reduction were identified: GOS+AG group, GOS+TPs group, AG+TPs group (P<0.001). Ultimately, animal experiments confirmed that the combination of AG+TPs group yielded the best results (P<0.0001). In conclusion, differences in fecal propionic acid levels between patients with MMA and healthy people may be associated with variations in gut microbiota composition. The combination of AG+TPs group can effectively reduce propionic acid levels, offering a promising dietary management strategy for patients with MMA.

, authors=Xiaohua SUN1, 2, Hong KUANG1, 2, 3, Zhangming PEI1, 2, Hongchao WANG1, 2, Yahui LI1, 2, 4, Qingwei YAO5, Xudan SHEN5, Xinyi WANG5, Wenwei LU1, 2, 4, *, authorsList=Xiaohua SUN, Hong KUANG, Zhangming PEI, Hongchao WANG, Yahui LI, Qingwei YAO, Xudan SHEN, Xinyi WANG, Wenwei LU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wenwei LU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320884329702600760, articleId=1320884328192651306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=甲基丙二酸血症患者肠道菌群特征解析及靶向降低丙酸水平的膳食多糖筛选, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

甲基丙二酸血症(Methylmalonic acidemia, MMA)患者肠道丙酸水平可能会影响其病程发展,但目前干预策略尚不明确。本研究旨在明确MMA患者与健康人群粪便丙酸含量及菌群组成的差异,并通过体外粪菌发酵模型及MMA大鼠模型筛选可有效降低丙酸生成的膳食因子组合,为MMA患者的饮食管理提供新策略。实验利用气相色谱-质谱技术与宏基因组技术对28例MMA患者与17例健康人群的粪便进行丙酸含量和肠道菌群结构及物种组成的分析;然后利用体外粪菌发酵模型筛选12种膳食因子中能够高效降低丙酸含量的组合,最后选用5日龄Wistar大鼠(分为雌、雄两亚组)构建MMA模型,随机分为五组:空白组、模型组、低聚半乳糖+阿拉伯半乳聚糖组(GOS+AG组)、低聚半乳糖+银耳多糖组(GOS+TPs组)、阿拉伯半乳聚糖+银耳多糖组(AG+TPs组),对干预之前(14 d)、中期(21 d)和后期(28 d)的大鼠粪便丙酸含量进行测定分析。结果显示,MMA人群与健康人群粪便中的丙酸含量(P<0.001)以及肠道菌群结构(P=0.003)存在显著差异,与对照组相比,MMA组含有较高丰度的Blautia wexlerae、Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron和Blautia producta可能是导致肠道丙酸含量变化的重要因素。发酵24 h后筛选出茯苓多糖、低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、阿拉伯半乳聚糖、银耳多糖降低丙酸效果显著(P<0.05),将上述五种多糖进行组合后进行发酵筛选出降低效果最好的三个组合GOS+AG组、GOS+TPs组、AG+TPs组(P<0.001),最后动物实验结果表明,AG+TPs组效果最好(P<0.0001)。综上所述,MMA人群与健康人群的粪便丙酸含量可能与两组人群肠道菌群差异相关,AG+TPs组能够高效降低丙酸含量,为MMA患者的饮食管理提供了一种新的策略。

, authors=孙晓华1, 2, 匡宏1, 2, 3, 裴彰明1, 2, 王鸿超1, 2, 李雅慧1, 2, 4, 姚青蔚5, 沈旭丹5, 王心怡5, 陆文伟1, 2, 4, *, authorsList=孙晓华, 匡宏, 裴彰明, 王鸿超, 李雅慧, 姚青蔚, 沈旭丹, 王心怡, 陆文伟, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=陆文伟, authorNote=

孙晓华(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:肠道微生态与营养健康,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
陆文伟(1986−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:肠道微生态与营养健康,E-mail:。
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孙晓华(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:肠道微生态与营养健康,E-mail:

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Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 2005, 40(1): 36−42., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320884339441774779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884328192651306, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YIN Pingping, YI Shanrong, DU Ting, et al. Dynamic response of different types of gut microbiota to fructooligosaccharides and inulin[J]. Food & Function, 2024, 15(3): 1402−1416., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320884339500495036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884328192651306, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIE Zhuqing, HE Weiwei, GOBBI A, et al. The effect of in vitro simulated colonic pH gradients on microbial activity and metabolite production using common prebiotics as substrates[J]. BMC Microbiology, 2024, 24(1): 83., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320884339567603901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884328192651306, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Miaomiao, WICHIENCHOT S, HE Xiaowei, et al. In vitro colonic fermentation of dietary fibers: Fermentation rate, short-chain fatty acid production and changes in microbiota[J]. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2019, 88: 1−9., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320884339630518462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884328192651306, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HOJO K, NAGAOKA S, MURATA S, et al. Reduction of vitamin K concentration by salivary Bifidobacterium strains and their possible nutritional competition with Porphyromonas gingivalis[J]. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2007, 103(5): 1969−1974., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320884339693433023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884328192651306, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ORG E, MEHRABIAN M, PARKS B W, et al. Sex differences and hormonal effects on gut microbiota composition in mice[J]. 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contents in MMA group and control group, figureFileSmall=mISQ9e2cNQhBSmqbqHmOOg==, figureFileBig=60kBaXJH89AJYkEL7EOB6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884336153440395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884328192651306, language=CN, label=图2, caption=MMA组与对照组粪便中丙酸含量

注:*表示与对照组有显著差异,***表示 P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=mISQ9e2cNQhBSmqbqHmOOg==, figureFileBig=60kBaXJH89AJYkEL7EOB6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884336224743564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884328192651306, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Fecal metagenomic species composition in MMA population and normal population, figureFileSmall=NeYeEKmisKAU9cUPszoGqg==, figureFileBig=UeY9PJ+KTC6q9z+s6J53zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884336300241037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884328192651306, language=CN, label=图3, caption=MMA人群与正常人群粪便宏基因组物种组成

注:a. Shannon;b. Simpson;c. Peilou;d. 主坐标分析方法(PCoA);e. 肠道菌群的种水平相对丰度;f. 种水平LEfSe分析;g. Blautia wexlerae、Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron、Blautia producta、Faecalibacterium prausnitzii和Bifidobacterium bifidum的相对丰度;*表示与对照组有显著差异,* P<0.05,** P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=NeYeEKmisKAU9cUPszoGqg==, figureFileBig=UeY9PJ+KTC6q9z+s6J53zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884336354766990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884328192651306, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of single dietary factor on propionic acid in fermentation supernatant, figureFileSmall=f3HNZS37flMVLn1fhqtVrA==, figureFileBig=EOzddylTLKAGpqm7Eyj2qw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884336426070159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884328192651306, language=CN, label=图4, caption=单膳食因子对发酵上清液丙酸的影响

注:a. 发酵6 h;b. 发酵12 h;c. 发酵24 h;*表示与模型组有显著差异,* P<0.05,** P<0.01,*** P<0.001。

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注:在总短链脂肪酸含量方面,*表示与模型组有显著差异,P<0.05。

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注:a. 雄性大鼠;b. 雌性大鼠;#表示在21 d与模型组相比有显著差异,# P<0.05,## P<0.01,### P<0.001,#### P<0.0001;*表示在28 d与模型组相比有显著差异,* P<0.05,** P<0.01,*** P<0.001,**** P<0.0001。

, figureFileSmall=QVrYGl8QR0ADt6rcDzQTwg==, figureFileBig=DR0NMSdETCYqZFPtL9NIYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884336757420180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884328192651306, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Information of the dietary factors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组膳食因子种类分组膳食因子种类
A茯苓多糖(PPS)多糖G山楂叶黄酮(HLF)黄酮
B低聚果糖(FOS)多糖H葡萄籽花青素(GSP)多酚
C低聚半乳糖(GOS)多糖I银耳多糖(TPs)多糖
D阿拉伯半乳聚糖(AG)多糖J岩藻多糖(FUC)多糖
E三七叶皂苷(NGT)三萜类化合物K魔芋甘露聚糖(KGM)多糖
F西洋参皂苷(AGS)三萜类化合物L葡甘露聚糖(GM)多糖
), ArticleFig(id=1320884336828723349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884328192651306, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

膳食因子信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组膳食因子种类分组膳食因子种类
A茯苓多糖(PPS)多糖G山楂叶黄酮(HLF)黄酮
B低聚果糖(FOS)多糖H葡萄籽花青素(GSP)多酚
C低聚半乳糖(GOS)多糖I银耳多糖(TPs)多糖
D阿拉伯半乳聚糖(AG)多糖J岩藻多糖(FUC)多糖
E三七叶皂苷(NGT)三萜类化合物K魔芋甘露聚糖(KGM)多糖
F西洋参皂苷(AGS)三萜类化合物L葡甘露聚糖(GM)多糖
), ArticleFig(id=1320884336887443606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884328192651306, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Information of animal grouping

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别灌胃处理
Control组灌胃生理盐水,剂量为1 mL/100 g大鼠体重
Model组灌胃生理盐水,剂量为1 mL/100 g大鼠体重
GOS+AG组灌胃含800 mg/kg低聚半乳糖+500 mg/kg阿拉伯半乳聚糖的混合益生元,剂量为1 mL/100 g大鼠体重
GOS+TPs组灌胃含800 mg/kg低聚半乳糖+300 mg/kg银耳多糖的混合益生元,剂量为1 mL/100 g大鼠体重
AG+TPs组灌胃含500 mg/kg阿拉伯半乳聚糖+300 mg/kg银耳多糖的混合益生元,剂量为1 mL/100 g大鼠体重
), ArticleFig(id=1320884336975523991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884328192651306, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

动物分组信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别灌胃处理
Control组灌胃生理盐水,剂量为1 mL/100 g大鼠体重
Model组灌胃生理盐水,剂量为1 mL/100 g大鼠体重
GOS+AG组灌胃含800 mg/kg低聚半乳糖+500 mg/kg阿拉伯半乳聚糖的混合益生元,剂量为1 mL/100 g大鼠体重
GOS+TPs组灌胃含800 mg/kg低聚半乳糖+300 mg/kg银耳多糖的混合益生元,剂量为1 mL/100 g大鼠体重
AG+TPs组灌胃含500 mg/kg阿拉伯半乳聚糖+300 mg/kg银耳多糖的混合益生元,剂量为1 mL/100 g大鼠体重
), ArticleFig(id=1320884337042632856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884328192651306, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Propionic acid contents in fermentation supernatant from dietary factor combinations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别丙酸(μmol/L)组别丙酸(μmol/L)
空白组4.483±0.156A+B+C1.878±0.129***
模型组5.575±0.323A+B+D2.333±0.154***
A2.327±0.095***A+B+I2.084±0.054***
B3.749±0.113***A+C+D1.741±0.036***
C3.095±0.047***A+C+I2.210±0.162***
D2.647±0.048***A+D+I2.081±0.071***
I2.154±0.098***B+C+D1.701±0.062***
A+B1.960±0.030***B+C+I1.825±0.080***
A+C1.584±0.093***B+D+I1.713±0.131***
A+D1.961±0.107***C+D+I2.015±0.098***
A+I1.568±0.072***A+B+C+D2.220±0.077***
B+C2.307±0.122***A+B+C+I2.050±0.047***
B+D1.958±0.039***A+B+D+I2.168±0.213***
B+I1.701±0.077***A+C+D+I2.158±0.186***
C+D1.330±0.077***B+C+D+I2.164±0.020***
C+I1.556±0.104***A+B+C+D+I2.261±0.115***
D+I1.463±0.041***
), ArticleFig(id=1320884337130713241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884328192651306, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

膳食因子组合发酵后上清液丙酸含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别丙酸(μmol/L)组别丙酸(μmol/L)
空白组4.483±0.156A+B+C1.878±0.129***
模型组5.575±0.323A+B+D2.333±0.154***
A2.327±0.095***A+B+I2.084±0.054***
B3.749±0.113***A+C+D1.741±0.036***
C3.095±0.047***A+C+I2.210±0.162***
D2.647±0.048***A+D+I2.081±0.071***
I2.154±0.098***B+C+D1.701±0.062***
A+B1.960±0.030***B+C+I1.825±0.080***
A+C1.584±0.093***B+D+I1.713±0.131***
A+D1.961±0.107***C+D+I2.015±0.098***
A+I1.568±0.072***A+B+C+D2.220±0.077***
B+C2.307±0.122***A+B+C+I2.050±0.047***
B+D1.958±0.039***A+B+D+I2.168±0.213***
B+I1.701±0.077***A+C+D+I2.158±0.186***
C+D1.330±0.077***B+C+D+I2.164±0.020***
C+I1.556±0.104***A+B+C+D+I2.261±0.115***
D+I1.463±0.041***
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甲基丙二酸血症患者肠道菌群特征解析及靶向降低丙酸水平的膳食多糖筛选
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孙晓华 1, 2 , 匡宏 1, 2, 3 , 裴彰明 1, 2 , 王鸿超 1, 2 , 李雅慧 1, 2, 4 , 姚青蔚 5 , 沈旭丹 5 , 王心怡 5 , 陆文伟 1, 2, 4, *
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(8): 398-406
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食品工业科技 |营养与保健 2026 , 47 (8) : 398 -406
甲基丙二酸血症患者肠道菌群特征解析及靶向降低丙酸水平的膳食多糖筛选
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孙晓华1, 2 , 匡宏1, 2, 3, 裴彰明1, 2, 王鸿超1, 2, 李雅慧1, 2, 4, 姚青蔚5, 沈旭丹5, 王心怡5, 陆文伟1, 2, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1江南大学食品科学与资源挖掘全国重点实验室,江苏无锡 214122
  • 2江南大学食品学院,江苏无锡 214122
  • 3无锡生命科学产业发展有限公司,江苏无锡 214135
  • 4江南大学国家功能食品工程技术研究中心,江苏无锡 214122
  • 5无锡特殊食品与营养健康研究院有限公司,江苏无锡 214135
通讯作者:
陆文伟(1986−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:肠道微生态与营养健康,E-mail:。
作者简介:

孙晓华(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:肠道微生态与营养健康,E-mail:

Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Methylmalonic Acidemia and Screening of Propionic Acid Reducing Dietary Factors
Xiaohua SUN1, 2 , Hong KUANG1, 2, 3, Zhangming PEI1, 2, Hongchao WANG1, 2, Yahui LI1, 2, 4, Qingwei YAO5, Xudan SHEN5, Xinyi WANG5, Wenwei LU1, 2, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
  • 2School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
  • 3Wuxi Life Science Industry Development Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214135, China
  • 4National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
  • 5Wuxi Special Food and Nutrition Health Research Institute Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214135, China
出版时间: 2026-04-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030279
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甲基丙二酸血症(Methylmalonic acidemia, MMA)患者肠道丙酸水平可能会影响其病程发展,但目前干预策略尚不明确。本研究旨在明确MMA患者与健康人群粪便丙酸含量及菌群组成的差异,并通过体外粪菌发酵模型及MMA大鼠模型筛选可有效降低丙酸生成的膳食因子组合,为MMA患者的饮食管理提供新策略。实验利用气相色谱-质谱技术与宏基因组技术对28例MMA患者与17例健康人群的粪便进行丙酸含量和肠道菌群结构及物种组成的分析;然后利用体外粪菌发酵模型筛选12种膳食因子中能够高效降低丙酸含量的组合,最后选用5日龄Wistar大鼠(分为雌、雄两亚组)构建MMA模型,随机分为五组:空白组、模型组、低聚半乳糖+阿拉伯半乳聚糖组(GOS+AG组)、低聚半乳糖+银耳多糖组(GOS+TPs组)、阿拉伯半乳聚糖+银耳多糖组(AG+TPs组),对干预之前(14 d)、中期(21 d)和后期(28 d)的大鼠粪便丙酸含量进行测定分析。结果显示,MMA人群与健康人群粪便中的丙酸含量(P<0.001)以及肠道菌群结构(P=0.003)存在显著差异,与对照组相比,MMA组含有较高丰度的Blautia wexlerae、Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron和Blautia producta可能是导致肠道丙酸含量变化的重要因素。发酵24 h后筛选出茯苓多糖、低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、阿拉伯半乳聚糖、银耳多糖降低丙酸效果显著(P<0.05),将上述五种多糖进行组合后进行发酵筛选出降低效果最好的三个组合GOS+AG组、GOS+TPs组、AG+TPs组(P<0.001),最后动物实验结果表明,AG+TPs组效果最好(P<0.0001)。综上所述,MMA人群与健康人群的粪便丙酸含量可能与两组人群肠道菌群差异相关,AG+TPs组能够高效降低丙酸含量,为MMA患者的饮食管理提供了一种新的策略。

甲基丙二酸血症  /  丙酸  /  肠道菌群  /  宏基因组  /  膳食多糖

The intestinal propionic acid level in patients with methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) may affect the course of the disease, but the current intervention strategy is still unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the differences in fecal propionic acid levels and gut microbiota composition between patients with MMA and healthy people, as well as to identify dietary factor combinations that effectively reduce propionic acid production through in vitro fecal fermentation model and MMA rat model. This investigation provides a novel strategy for dietary management in patients with MMA. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and metagenomic sequencing were employed to analyze propionic acid content, gut microbiota structure, and species composition in the feces of 28 patients with MMA and 17 healthy people. Subsequently, an in vitro fecal bacterial fermentation model was utilized to screen for optimal combinations among 12 dietary factors capable of significantly reducing propionic acid levels. Finally, 5-day-old Wistar rats (segregated into male and female subgroups) were selected to construct the MMA model and randomly divided into five groups: control group, model group, galactooligosaccharide+arabinogalactan group (GOS+AG group), galactooligosaccharide+tremella polysaccharide group (GOS+TPs group), and arabinogalactan+tremella polysaccharide group (AG+TPs group). Propionic acid content in rat feces was measured and analyzed at three time points: Prior to intervention (14 days), mid-stage (21 days), and late stage (28 days). The results demonstrated significant differences in fecal propionic acid levels (P<0.001) and gut microbiota structure (P=0.003) between patients with MMA and healthy people. Compared to the control group, higher abundances of Blautia wexlerae, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, and Blautia producta in the MMA group may represent critical factors influencing changes in intestinal propionic acid levels. After 24 hours of fermentation, screening identified that poria cocos polysaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, arabinogalactan, and tremella polysaccharides demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing propionic acid levels (P<0.05). Following the combination of the aforementioned five polysaccharides and subsequent fermentation, three combinations with the most effective reduction were identified: GOS+AG group, GOS+TPs group, AG+TPs group (P<0.001). Ultimately, animal experiments confirmed that the combination of AG+TPs group yielded the best results (P<0.0001). In conclusion, differences in fecal propionic acid levels between patients with MMA and healthy people may be associated with variations in gut microbiota composition. The combination of AG+TPs group can effectively reduce propionic acid levels, offering a promising dietary management strategy for patients with MMA.

methylmalonic acidemia  /  propionic acid  /  gut microbiota  /  metagenome  /  dietary polysaccharide
孙晓华, 匡宏, 裴彰明, 王鸿超, 李雅慧, 姚青蔚, 沈旭丹, 王心怡, 陆文伟. 甲基丙二酸血症患者肠道菌群特征解析及靶向降低丙酸水平的膳食多糖筛选. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (8) : 398 -406 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030279
Xiaohua SUN, Hong KUANG, Zhangming PEI, Hongchao WANG, Yahui LI, Qingwei YAO, Xudan SHEN, Xinyi WANG, Wenwei LU. Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Methylmalonic Acidemia and Screening of Propionic Acid Reducing Dietary Factors[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (8) : 398 -406 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030279
甲基丙二酸血症(methylmalonic acidemia,MMA)是一种常染色体隐性遗传代谢障碍性疾病,是我国发病率最高的先天性有机酸代谢疾病之一。MMA病理机制涉及甲基丙二酰辅酶A变位酶(methylmalonyl coenzyme A mutase,MCM)或其辅酶腺苷钴胺素(adenosylcobalamin,AdoCbl)的功能缺陷,导致甲基丙二酸异常积蓄及继发性代谢紊乱[1]。
丙酸是MMA代谢障碍途径中的关键前体物质[1−2],主要由肠道菌群通过丙二醇途径、丙烯酸途径以及琥珀酸途径代谢生成[3]。虽然丙酸在健康个体中有助于维持肠道稳态,对人体有诸多益处[4−7],但在MMA人群体内MCM或AdoCbl功能障碍的状态下,菌源性丙酸可通过硫酯化形成丙酰辅酶A,再经过一系列酶促反应转化为L-甲基丙二酸辅酶A,随后被水解为甲基丙二酸,从而导致MMA患者有机酸中毒以及严重的代谢紊乱。Leonard[8]利用稳定同位素技术测量丙酸血症/MMA患者体内的丙酸生成及转化,虽然存在个体差异,但估计出体内约50%丙酸的产生是来自氨基酸的代谢分解,25%来自奇数链脂肪酸的分解代谢,其余则由肠道菌群产生。
当前MMA的临床管理策略主要依赖于药物干预与饮食管理,其中包括使用抗生素来减少菌源性丙酸的产生[9−10]。但长时间服用抗生素存在肠道菌群失调与耐药性的风险[11]。膳食多糖、多酚、黄酮及三萜类化合物是常见的膳食因子,这类物质不易被小肠完全消化吸收,不同肠道菌群对其利用存在差异[12]。本团队先前研究发现这些物质可能具有调控肠道菌群的能力[13−14],且相较于其他调节方法,其安全性更高,可作为一种较为理想的肠道菌群调节手段。
本研究首先利用GC-MS技术靶向检测MMA人群与健康人群粪便中的丙酸含量,采用宏基因组测序的方法对两组人群的肠道菌群进行解析,探究肠道菌群与丙酸含量之间的关系;利用粪便体外发酵模型与动物模型筛选能够降低肠道丙酸的膳食因子,旨在发掘能够降低MMA人群肠道丙酸含量的膳食因子,为MMA人群的饮食管理提供新的理论依据。
12种膳食因子(纯度90%)见表1 西安圣青生物科技术有限公司;魔芋甘露聚糖、低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、阿拉伯半乳糖(纯度90%) Perfemiker公司;体外发酵肉汤基础培养基(Gifu Anaerobic Medium,GAM) 青岛海博生物技术有限公司;Wistar孕鼠 12只,孕中期(13~15 d),体重300 g,北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司;甲基丙二酸(分析纯) Sigma公司;无水乙醚、氯化钠、无水硫酸钠、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸(分析纯) 国药化学试剂有限公司(中国上海);医用纱布、一次性无菌24孔板及其他实验耗材 南通海之星实验器材有限公司。
400TG厌氧工作站 英国Eletrotek公司;SX-500高温高压灭菌锅 日本SANYO公司;C-MAG加热磁力搅拌器 德国IKA公司;PB3002-N型电子天平、PE-20精密pH计 梅特勒-托利仪器(上海)有限公司;5804R冷冻高速离心机 德国Eppendorf公司;GCMS-QP2010 单四级杆气相色谱-质谱联用仪 日本岛津公司;SCIENTZ-48高通量组织研磨器 宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司。
采集28份(年龄0.5~31岁,男/女=14/14)MMA人群(MMA组)新鲜粪便和17份(年龄0.5~24岁,男/女=7/10)健康人群(对照组)新鲜粪便,将收集到的新鲜粪便储藏于−80 ℃的条件下。健康人群的年龄分布按照病人年龄分布采集并签署知情同意书。志愿者排除标准包括:在近1个月接受抗生素治疗或服用益生菌类产品,具有胃肠道或消化道症状、其他遗传代谢病。收集两组人群的新鲜粪便于无菌采集管中,用于宏基因组及代谢组分析。
称取50 mg粪便样品,置于2 mL EP管中,加入500 μL饱和氯化钠溶液,静置30 min,在60 Hz条件下使用组织破碎仪破碎30 s,重复3~5次至样品破碎至无明显块状。加入20 μL 10%硫酸溶液酸化,振荡30 s混匀,在通风橱内加入1 mL无水乙醚萃取,在4 ℃下以12000 r/min的转速离心15 min,将上清液转移至装有0.25 g无水硫酸钠的离心管中,静置15 min以充分去除水分。在同样条件下进行离心处理,将上清液中的有机相通过滤膜过滤后,转移到气相小瓶中,用于后续的仪器分析。若测定体外发酵液中的丙酸含量,则直接取上清液500 μL于EP管中进行酸化及后续操作[15]。
使用Rtx-Wax柱和质谱检测器对不同短链脂肪酸进行分离检测;载气为N2,流速为1 mL/min;进样体积为1 μL、分流比为10:1;初始柱温为100 ℃,以7.5 ℃/min升温速率升温至140 ℃,再以60 ℃/min升温至200 ℃。在200 ℃保持3 min,进样温度为240 ℃,电离温度为220 ℃。采用外标法制作丙酸等的标准曲线,根据标准曲线计算各样品中的浓度。
使用QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit提取试剂盒提取人群粪便总DNA。宏基因测序在上海美吉生物医药科技有限公司平台进行。按照以下方法对下机数据进行质量控制:使用Trimmomatic(版本0.39)去除原始测序reads中的测序接头和低质量序列。然后,将人类参考基因组作为模板,使用BWA(版本0.7.17)、Samtools(版本1.9)和BEDTools(版本2.30.0)将过滤后的序列中宿主来源的基因去除。使用MetaPhlAn(版本4.0.6)和HUMAnN3(版本3.8)分别对经过上述操作的序列进行肠道菌群物种注释,最终获得肠道菌群的物种水平丰度信息[16]。
选取1.2.1中采集的8份(年龄3~10岁,男:女=1:1)MMA人群新鲜粪便(已签署知情同意书),6份(年龄3~10岁,男:女=1:1)健康人群新鲜粪便于无菌采集管中,厌氧条件保存。在厌氧工作箱中称取粪便样品,用灭菌的pH7.2的磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffer solution,PBS)以1:10 w/v(g/mL)进行稀释,涡旋混匀。体外发酵GAM培养基严格按照说明书进行配制。
体外发酵模型基于已有研究进行调整[17],将粪便稀释液以20%的体积比接种于GAM培养基中(不含葡萄糖与可溶性淀粉),后放入厌氧箱(气体比例:N2:CO2:H2=8:1:1)。实验组膳食多糖添加量为1%,可溶性多酚、黄酮、三萜类化合物添加量为0.2%。同时,设置了对照组(健康人群粪便发酵)与模型组(MMA患者粪便发酵)的两种空白对照(空白对照不添加任何碳源)。进行6、12与24 h发酵完成后,将发酵液在10000 r/min,4 ℃的条件下离心10 min,收集上清液用于后续检测。
首先对12种膳食因子(表1)分别进行体外粪菌发酵,设置四组平行,发酵粪便匀浆来源为MMA人群,测定发酵上清液中的丙酸量。随后,选择使丙酸水平下降最显著的膳食因子,进行后续的组合发酵,组合中单个膳食因子的添加量保持一致,组合膳食因子总添加量与单膳食因子发酵的添加量一致,设置三组平行。
实验动物选择5日龄Wistar大鼠70只(雌、雄各35只,由孕鼠生产获得,后饲养至21日龄后断奶)。本实验全程严格遵守国家标准中实验动物福利伦理学的要求,动物实验方案经江南大学实验动物伦理委员会批准(JN.No20241015W0121204[530])。大鼠饲养于江南大学实验动物中心屏障中,屏障内维持温度在20~26 ℃,湿度控制在40%~70%。光照强度为15~20 LX,采用12 h明暗交替循环,环境噪声不超过60 dB,所有实验组的大鼠均自由进食和饮水。大鼠随机分为5组,21日龄断奶后的大鼠每笼5只。
在孕鼠生产期结束后,随机分为空白组(Control组)、模型组(Model组)、低聚半乳糖+阿拉伯半乳聚糖组(GOS+AG组)、低聚半乳糖+银耳多糖组(GOS+TPs组)、阿拉伯半乳聚糖+银耳多糖组(AG+TPs组),且每组设置雌、雄性别小组。除空白组外,其余四组按照以下方案进行造模[18−19]:将甲基丙二酸溶解于生理盐水中,用6 mmol/L NaOH调节pH至7.4。大鼠从出生后第5~28 d,每天皮下注射2次(注射间隔8 h)甲基丙二酸溶液。大鼠注射溶液剂量为10 μL/g,注射浓度如下:出生后第5~12 d给予0.72 μmol/g;出生后第13~19 d给予0.89 μmol/g;出生后第20~28 d给予1.67 μmol/g。空白组注射同等剂量的生理盐水。实验过程中,在14、21、28 d进行粪便采集。具体分组干预操作与实验流程见表2和图1。
本研究中所有人群粪便样本实验数据及动物实验数据均来源于独立的生物学重复;体外发酵实验数据来源于对独立样本的平行测定,单膳食因子设置4个平行样本,组合膳食因子设置3个平行样本。数据分析使用GraphPad Prism version 8.4.3软件进行统计分析,实验数据均以“平均值±标准差”(Mean±SD)表示。两组间差异采用非配对t检验方法进行统计分析和绘图,多组数据则采用单因素方差分析(one-way variance analysis,ANOVA);当P<0.05时,认为数据存在显著差异,其中*表示P<0.05,**表示P<0.01,***表示P<0.001,****表示P<0.0001。
丙酸是MMA代谢障碍途径中的关键前体物质,为探究MMA人群与健康人群在丙酸生成上的差异,首先对两组人群的粪便样本进行了靶向丙酸含量的测定。结果如图2所示,MMA组粪便中的丙酸含量显著高于对照组(P<0.001)。这一结果表明,MMA患者由于代谢通路的障碍或其特殊的疾病状态以及饮食管理策略导致的患者粪便中丙酸含量较高,还可能造成肠道菌群结构和功能的改变[20]。
肠道菌群的结构和功能与丙酸的生成密切相关,其多样性的变化或者特定菌群丰度的改变均可能导致丙酸生成的增加。本研究通过靶向测定粪便中丙酸含量,发现MMA人群与健康人群的丙酸含量存在显著差异(P<0.001),因此推测两组人群的肠道菌群结构与物种组成可能存在差异,从而影响代谢物丙酸的生成。
本研究采用宏基因组测序的研究方法对两组人群的肠道菌群物种组成进行探究。为量化MMA人群与健康人群肠道微生物群的多样性,本研究采用Shannon指数、Simpson指数和Pielou指数三种alpha多样性指标进行分析。如图3a与图3b所示,与对照组相比,MMA组的Simpson指数显著降低(P<0.05),表明MMA患者的肠道微生物群落的丰富度和均匀度显著低于健康人群。MMA组的Shannon指数虽有下降趋势,但无统计学差异。图3c中Pielou指数显著降低(P<0.05),说明与健康人群相比,MMA人群的肠道微生物群的均匀度显著降低(P<0.05)。综合alpha多样性指数的三个指标可知,MMA人群的肠道微生物群结构在疾病状态下发生一定变化。此外,采用基于Bray-Curtis距离的主坐标分析(principal coordinates analysis,PCoA)对肠道微生物群的beta多样性进行可视化分析。如图3d所示,两组人群的肠道微生物群的结构存在显著差异(P=0.003),表明MMA人群的肠道微生物群结构发生显著偏移。
如图3e所示,两组人群的相对丰度排名前20的物种的丰度堆积图说明两者之间物种丰度存在差异,与对照组相比,MMA组含有较高丰度的Blautia wexlerae、Ruminococcus bromii和Ruminococcus gnavus,而Faecalibacterium prausnitzii和Bifidobacterium breve相对丰度较低。此前研究显示,B. wexlerae的基因组表明其中含有丰富的碳水化合物活性酶,能够分解复杂的碳水化合物代谢产生琥珀酸盐、乳酸和乙酸盐[21]。而R. bromii和R. gnavus同为Ruminococcus属,具有良好的碳水化合物发酵能力[22−23]。MMA组的肠道菌群中利用复杂碳水化合物的物种丰度较高,可能与MMA人群低蛋白高碳水的饮食习惯有关。值得关注的是,R. gnavus是一种疾病潜在生物标志物,已有研究发现它在认知与神经类疾病患者体内增殖[24−26],并且在肝功能障碍状态下它可能会产生持续的神经毒性作用[27],导致苯乙胺在大脑中积累。因此,MMA人群认知障碍与智力发育迟缓的症状可能与R. gnavus相对丰度较高存在一定相关性。
如图3f与图3g所示,通过线性判别分析效应量(linear discriminant analysis effect size,LEfSe)分析,进一步对MMA人群与健康人群的肠道菌群差异物种进行解析。与对照组相比,MMA组Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron、Blautia producta、Eggerthella lenta、Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum相对丰度增加,Bifidobacterium属、Faecalibacterium属相对丰度显著下降(LDA>2)。Reichardt等[3]的研究结果发现,B. thetaiotaomicron具有与甲基丙二酸代谢相关蛋白基因(methylmalonic acid metabolism-related protein gene,mmdA)相似的基因,可以利用琥珀酸盐通过琥珀酸途径产生丙酸,Wang等[28]进一步通过生物学分析确定mutA(甲基丙二酰辅酶A变位酶编码基因)和scpA(ScpA基因,与补体因子C5a裂解相关)基因编码的MCM是B. thetaiotaomicron中产生丙酸的有效基因操纵子。以上研究结果表明B. thetaiotaomicron具有产生丙酸的能力,并且它的相对丰度在MMA组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。同时,在MMA组中具有较高丰度的B. wexlerae可以代谢产生琥珀酸(P<0.05),从而促进B. thetaiotaomicron产生丙酸。此外,研究表明B. producta会产生假钴胺素,并在发酵的过程中将其释放到细胞外供B. thetaiotaomicron使用,促进琥珀酸盐转化为丙酸盐[29]。
根据以上结果推测,由于肠道微生物群结构的变化以及B. wexlerae、B. thetaiotaomicron、B. producta在MMA人群与健康人群中的相对丰度差异,造成了MMA组肠道菌群产生丙酸能力强于对照组,从而使MMA人群粪便中的丙酸含量显著增多,进一步促进甲基丙二酸产生,影响机体健康。
鉴于丙酸可能作为维持MMA人群代谢稳定的潜在干预靶点,且已有研究发现膳食因子能调节丙酸含量[30−32],因此,本研究拟采用膳食因子代替抗生素,旨在降低肠道菌群来源的丙酸含量,同时避免由抗生素引起的菌群紊乱。通过粪便菌群体外发酵模拟肠道菌群的动态变化,以预测不同膳食碳源干预对丙酸生成的影响,从而筛选潜在的干预方案。
利用粪便发酵液的靶向代谢组学分析代谢物丙酸的变化,如图4所示,单一膳食因子的粪菌体外发酵能够调节丙酸的生成。在厌氧发酵6 h后(图4a),膳食因子干预降低了丙酸含量,其中阿拉伯半乳聚糖可以显著降低丙酸含量(P<0.001),而其他膳食因子无显著差异。在厌氧发酵12 h后(图4b),茯苓多糖、低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、阿拉伯半乳聚糖、银耳多糖均可以显著降低丙酸含量,其他膳食因子可以降低丙酸水平但效果不显著。厌氧发酵24 h后(图4c),除了茯苓多糖、低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、阿拉伯半乳聚糖、银耳多糖外,岩藻多糖和魔芋甘露聚糖也能使丙酸含量显著降低,这与前人观察到的岩藻多糖可抑制产丙酸菌生长[13],魔芋甘露聚糖能够改变菌群结构并减少丙酸生成[14]的结果相一致。以上结果显示,在发酵6 h的时间,膳食因子并没有显著影响丙酸的产生,随着时间的推移,在发酵中后期不同膳食因子的干预使丙酸含量呈现不同的变化。同时,通过比较各组的短链脂肪酸(short-chain fatty acids,SCFAs)总量(这里将乙酸、丙酸与丁酸的总量视为SCFAs总量)结果发现,西洋参皂苷干预后发酵液中的SCFAs总量会显著下降(P<0.05,图5),而其他膳食因子不会显著影响SCFAs总量,更有利于维持肠道健康[4]。
以上结果表明,茯苓多糖、低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、阿拉伯半乳聚糖、银耳多糖可以在发酵12 h和24 h均降低丙酸含量且对发酵24 h后SCFAs总量的产生影响较小,因此对以上5种膳食因子进行等质量比复配(组合总添加质量与单一膳食因子添加质量一致),而后进行膳食因子组合的粪菌体外发酵。由表3可知,膳食因子组合干预后,粪菌发酵上清液中的丙酸均显著下降( P<0.001),但低聚半乳糖+阿拉伯半乳聚糖组、低聚半乳糖+银耳多糖组、阿拉伯半乳聚糖+银耳多糖组的效果最佳。此外,相比单膳食因子组发酵结果,膳食因子组合后显示出更优地降低发酵液中丙酸含量的作用。由表3可以看出,多膳食因子组合干预发酵后丙酸含量整体稍高于双膳食因子组合。多种膳食因子同时使用可能引入相互抑制的成分,从而降低干预效果。多项研究表明不同膳食因子干预对肠道菌群具有不同的作用,同时不同肠道菌种也对同一营养物质具有竞争作用[33−34]。
为进一步验证最佳的膳食因子组合在动物体内降低肠道丙酸含量的效果,本研究采用大鼠动物模型,用三组膳食因子组合干预两周,测定干预之前(14 d)、干预中期(21 d)以及干预后期(28 d)大鼠粪便中丙酸含量,结果如图6所示。模型组与各膳食因子干预组的丙酸含量在14 d没有显著差异;21 d时,各膳食因子干预组较模型组均显著降低(P<0.0001);而28 d干预结束后,在雄性大鼠中(图6a),与模型组相比,GOS+AG组(P<0.05)和AG+TPs组(P<0.0001)的干预均显著降低了大鼠粪便中的丙酸,其中AG+TPs组的效果最好。在雌性大鼠中(图6b),三组干预均显著降低了粪便中丙酸含量(P<0.01),整体干预效果优于雄性大鼠,这可能是雌性大鼠受性激素影响对饮食更敏感造成的[35]。综合评估三组膳食因子组合降低MMA模型大鼠粪便中丙酸的效果,GOS+TPs组能够降低粪便中丙酸的含量,但不具有显著性;AG+TPs组在雌、雄大鼠中均能显著降低丙酸的含量,干预效果最好。因此,膳食因子干预降低肠道丙酸在大鼠体内效果较好,为MMA人群的饮食管理与治疗策略提供了有益的参考。
本研究发现,MMA人群粪便中的丙酸含量显著高于健康人群。为进一步探究其原因,采用宏基因测序方法对两组人群的肠道菌群差异进行深度解析。结果表明,与健康人群相比,MMA人群的肠道菌群结构存在显著差异,且能够高效利用复杂碳水化合物的菌群相对丰度较高,这一现象可能与MMA人群的特殊疾病状态以及其低蛋白、高碳水的特殊饮食管理密切相关。同时推测MMA人群粪便中的丙酸含量较高可能与B. wexlerae、B. thetaiotaomicron、B. producta三种菌在两组人群中的差异有关。为探究膳食因子降低肠道丙酸的可行性,本研究通过粪菌体外发酵以及大鼠体内验证实验,发现膳食因子干预能够有效降低肠道丙酸水平。其中,阿拉伯半乳聚糖与银耳多糖组合干预在降低丙酸含量方面展现出最佳效果。这一发现为MMA人群的饮食管理提供了新的科学依据与参考策略。
尽管本研究已初步解析了MMA人群的肠道菌群结构,并探索了膳食因子降低肠道丙酸的潜力,但仍有许多问题值得深入研究。首先,鉴于MMA人群个体的异质性,后续的研究中需要扩大MMA人群的样本量,同时结合代谢组学技术,更系统地解析关键物种在该人群中对丙酸代谢通路的贡献及其分子机制。其次,本研究仅从疾病状态角度对两组人群的肠道菌群进行解析,但还存在年龄、饮食和生活习惯等方面的混杂因素,后续研究将扩大样本量进一步研究以上因素对肠道菌群的影响。最后,现有动物模型在模拟人类病理生理状态及干预反应方面存在固有局限性,不能完全模拟人体的疾病状态及干预后的变化,因此,开展临床试验来验证膳食因子干预的具体效果十分必要。此外,虽然调控菌群代谢可作为辅助治疗手段,但临床管理的核心仍在于通过严格限制前体氨基酸的膳食摄入来维持体内甲基丙二酸浓度的稳态。
总之,本研究不仅为MMA患者的精准营养干预提供了科学依据,同时初步探索了MMA人群的肠道微生物组学特征,对丙酸血症饮食管理的策略优化同样具有启示意义。后续研究将持续深入探究肠道微生物组与疾病的关联机制,通过多组学分析方法开发创新性膳食干预方案,以期实现患者生活质量的实质性改善。

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2026年第47卷第8期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030279
  • 接收时间:2025-03-20
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-20
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    1江南大学食品科学与资源挖掘全国重点实验室,江苏无锡 214122
    2江南大学食品学院,江苏无锡 214122
    3无锡生命科学产业发展有限公司,江苏无锡 214135
    4江南大学国家功能食品工程技术研究中心,江苏无锡 214122
    5无锡特殊食品与营养健康研究院有限公司,江苏无锡 214135

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陆文伟(1986−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:肠道微生态与营养健康,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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