Article(id=1320884137834164793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883923090002610, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040297, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745251200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852919299, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1774972800000, pubDateStr=2026-04-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852919299, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852919299, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852919299, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883923090002610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='510', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774972800000', pubDateStr='2026-04-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852868101, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852868101, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=395, endPage=407, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320884139612549690, articleId=1320884137834164793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Optimization of Processing Technology and Shelf-life Prediction for Ready-to-Eat Tangerine Peel-Flavored Eel, columnId=1261343845820805453, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Storage and Preservation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To improve the edible quality of ready-to-eat tangerine peel-flavored eel, this study optimized key processing parameters and established a shelf-life prediction model. First, single-factor experiments were conducted to optimize frying time, tangerine peel powder content in seasoning, and sterilization method. Then, the quality changes of eel products during storage at different temperatures (37, 25, 10 ℃) were monitored, Finally, the shelf-life prediction models were developed based on the kinetic equations and the Arrhenius equation. Results showed that the optimal frying time was 4 minutes, the content of tangerine peel powder in seasoning was 10%, and the sterilization method was the combination of high-temperature and irradiation sterilization. With the extension of storage time, the total viable count (TVC), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values of eel products gradually increased, while sensory scores gradually decreased. The pH exhibited a trend of direct decrease when samples stored at 37 ℃, while decrease followed by increase when samples stored at both 25 and 10 ℃, indicating progressive quality deterioration. Shelf-life prediction models for TVC, TVB-N, and TBA, respectively, were established. Validation results showed that the prediction model based on TVC had the minimal relative error (all below 5%), therefore, the TVC model was recommended as the suitable shelf-life prediction mode for ready-to-eat tangerine peel-flavored eel.

, authors=Shanyan RUAN1, 2, 3, Jinhui JIANG1, 3, Zhi ZHOU3, Guangquan XIONG1, Liang KE2, Lan WANG1, *, Liu SHI1, *, authorsList=Shanyan RUAN, Jinhui JIANG, Zhi ZHOU, Guangquan XIONG, Liang KE, Lan WANG, Liu SHI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lan WANG, Liu SHI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320884142343041625, articleId=1320884137834164793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=即食陈皮鳝鱼加工工艺优化及货架期预测, columnId=1261343846517059923, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=贮运保鲜, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为改善即食陈皮鳝鱼的食用品质,本研究对即食陈皮鳝鱼的关键加工工艺进行优化并建立货架期预测模型,首先,通过单因素实验对其油炸时间、调味料中陈皮粉添加量和灭菌方式进行优化;然后,分析即食陈皮鳝鱼在不同贮藏温度(37、25、10 ℃)下贮藏品质的变化,最后,利用动力学方程和Arrhenius方程建立即食陈皮鳝鱼的货架期预测模型。结果表明,即食陈皮鳝鱼最佳的油炸时间为4 min,调味料中陈皮粉最优添加量为10%,最优灭菌方式为高温灭菌联合辐照灭菌。随着贮藏时间的延长,菌落总数(total viable count,TVC)、挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N)和硫代巴比妥酸值(thiobarbituric acid,TBA)逐渐增加,感官评分逐渐下降,37 ℃贮藏条件下的pH呈逐渐下降的趋势,25、10 ℃贮藏条件下的pH呈先下降后上升的趋势,产品品质逐渐劣变。分别建立了即食陈皮鳝鱼TVC、TVB-N和TBA的货架期预测模型,经验证TVC预测模型的相对误差较小,均小于5%,因此选择TVC模型作为即食陈皮鳝鱼的货架期预测模型。

, authors=阮珊艳1, 2, 3, 姜金辉1, 3, 周志3, 熊光权1, 柯亮2, 汪兰1, *, 石柳1, *, authorsList=阮珊艳, 姜金辉, 周志, 熊光权, 柯亮, 汪兰, 石柳, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=汪兰, 石柳, authorNote=

阮珊艳(1998−),女,硕士,研究方向:水产品加工,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
汪兰(1981−),女,博士,研究员,研究方向:农产品加工和天然产物化学,E-mail:。
石柳(1988−),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:水产品加工与综合利用,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=wFB0UCVJlamw2qWW2XtF6Q==, magXml=Va5LJrRnmBazLtA8bkKVDg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=XvflURCyhHB0ozB5Y/W5uA==, pdfFileSize=3722127, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=GIkUMIzJRkT6bxBWTD2Z5Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ftrckLa0vh6TM6KQSI1RLw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320884144398250598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=rsy17865562751@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320884144486330986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, authorId=1320884144398250598, language=EN, stringName=Shanyan RUAN, firstName=Shanyan, middleName=null, lastName=RUAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro-product, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agro-product Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Agro-product Processing Research Sub-center of Hubei Innovation Center of Agriculture Science and Technology, Wuhan 430064, China
2Hubei Eel Industry Technology Research Institute Co., Xiantao 433012, China
3College of Biology and Food Engineering, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi 445000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320884144553439851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, authorId=1320884144398250598, language=CN, stringName=阮珊艳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1农业农村部农产品冷链物流技术重点实验室/湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所,湖北省农业科技创新中心农产品加工研究分中心,湖北武汉 430064
2湖北黄鳝产业技术研究院有限公司,湖北仙桃 433012
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Tianjin: Tianjin Agricultural University, 2019.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320884166703559419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=64, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHANG Y N. The research on quality changes of channel catfish seasoned fish during storage[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin Agricultural University, 2019., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320884166779056892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=65, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GUO X, YU L, LU Q, et al. Quality evaluation and shelf-life prediction model establishment of frozen Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)[J]. 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注:不同小写字母表示具有显著差异(P<0.05),图9~图13同。

, figureFileSmall=d59KWyckRpW53kmKA4BRdw==, figureFileBig=Dx6Ql4dyNuczdP8Dp5zf3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884150421271191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Sensory evaluation of ready-to-eat tangerine peel-flavored eel with different frying time, figureFileSmall=tHxvKzXPcijNs667U86RPg==, figureFileBig=qtyf9TLQUJ5bL7Pun1wARA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884150488380056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同油炸时间即食陈皮鳝鱼的感官评价, figureFileSmall=tHxvKzXPcijNs667U86RPg==, figureFileBig=qtyf9TLQUJ5bL7Pun1wARA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884150563877529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Electronic nose radar map (A) and principal component analysis map (B) of ready-to-eat tangerine peel-flavored eel with different tangerine peel additions, figureFileSmall=mrNP7rBuDI4WhSNrFXOd8A==, figureFileBig=kD0CNAvCu+9mLWM/QOSNOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884150635180698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同陈皮添加量即食陈皮鳝鱼的电子鼻雷达图(A)和PCA图(B), figureFileSmall=mrNP7rBuDI4WhSNrFXOd8A==, figureFileBig=kD0CNAvCu+9mLWM/QOSNOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884150714872475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Electronic tongue radar map (A), principal component analysis map (B), two-dimensional bubble plots of astringent aftertaste and richness (C), and two-dimensional bubble plots of bitter aftertaste and richness (D) of ready-to-eat tangerine peel-flavored eel with different tangerine peel additions, figureFileSmall=evsutilNzOjRXnV3WPCxjw==, figureFileBig=MmpHK6cwpLQsW7s5D8Gbxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884150786175644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同陈皮添加量即食陈皮鳝鱼的电子舌雷达图(A)、PCA图(B)、涩味回味与丰富度二维气泡图(C)和苦味回味与丰富度二维气泡图(D), figureFileSmall=evsutilNzOjRXnV3WPCxjw==, figureFileBig=MmpHK6cwpLQsW7s5D8Gbxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884150882644637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Sensory evaluation of ready-to-eat tangerine peel-flavored eel with different tangerine peel additions, figureFileSmall=w7ik7xQRPzmQXIcKxhZd0w==, figureFileBig=+A3Kxx1ONoKLeJ5QHv3n1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884151004279454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同陈皮添加量即食陈皮鳝鱼的感官评价, figureFileSmall=w7ik7xQRPzmQXIcKxhZd0w==, figureFileBig=+A3Kxx1ONoKLeJ5QHv3n1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884151092359839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effect of different sterilization methods on TVC value (A), pH (B), TVB-N value (C) and TBA value (D) of ready-to-eat tangerine peel-flavored eel, figureFileSmall=SlY5rTpDnKieXRvj9A4N0A==, figureFileBig=EHe6McVGQF/cIf7GD4urvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884151155274400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同灭菌方式对即食陈皮鳝鱼TVC值(A)、pH(B)、TVB-N值(C)、TBA值(D)的影响

注:不同大写字母表示不同处理组同一时间具有显著性差异(P<0.05),不同小写字母表示同一处理组不同时间具有显著性差异(P <0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=SlY5rTpDnKieXRvj9A4N0A==, figureFileBig=EHe6McVGQF/cIf7GD4urvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884151247549089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Sensory evaluation of ready-to-eat tangerine peel-flavored eel with different sterilization methods, figureFileSmall=D8svO31LJiBqxHh5Ygts/g==, figureFileBig=HTpIGnF1uIzhkqkp4LikTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884151327240866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同灭菌方式即食陈皮鳝鱼的感官评价, figureFileSmall=D8svO31LJiBqxHh5Ygts/g==, figureFileBig=HTpIGnF1uIzhkqkp4LikTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884153114014372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Changes in TVC of ready-to-eat tangerine peel-flavored eel during storage period, figureFileSmall=HHqHmXSdUqzxIljHV46h9g==, figureFileBig=9nj1MTbNlqCDPiqR/1e+Tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884153181123237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=CN, label=图9, caption=即食陈皮鳝鱼贮藏期间TVC变化, figureFileSmall=HHqHmXSdUqzxIljHV46h9g==, figureFileBig=9nj1MTbNlqCDPiqR/1e+Tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884153273397926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Changes in pH of ready-to-eat tangerine peel-flavored eel during storage period, figureFileSmall=eNZM2nsGH3h5Nx8XKTg8Ww==, figureFileBig=EOhxN8DVvp7cvwL5fmyTHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884153520861863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=CN, label=图10, caption=即食陈皮鳝鱼贮藏期间pH变化, figureFileSmall=eNZM2nsGH3h5Nx8XKTg8Ww==, figureFileBig=EOhxN8DVvp7cvwL5fmyTHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884153604747944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Changes in TVB-N of ready-to-eat tangerine peel-flavored eel during storage period, figureFileSmall=1i/khjWejk3OPdhTMHjLIw==, figureFileBig=uyaBPh+t4rhzcbGR/wG+ng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884153688634025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=CN, label=图11, caption=即食陈皮鳝鱼贮藏期间TVB-N变化, figureFileSmall=1i/khjWejk3OPdhTMHjLIw==, figureFileBig=uyaBPh+t4rhzcbGR/wG+ng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884153764131498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Changes in TBA of ready-to-eat tangerine peel-flavored eel during storage period, figureFileSmall=JuLerkdhbrkHYQ7NMQtLag==, figureFileBig=899eNOZ+Yq5RYvUkvXhKJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884153827046059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=CN, label=图12, caption=即食陈皮鳝鱼贮藏期间TBA变化, figureFileSmall=JuLerkdhbrkHYQ7NMQtLag==, figureFileBig=899eNOZ+Yq5RYvUkvXhKJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884153898349228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Changes in sensory evaluation of ready-to-eat tangerine peel-flavored eel during storage period, figureFileSmall=HlHhTuI86BveSgrK1tclBA==, figureFileBig=uswC2o3YMDCu9eFfIv1o9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884157417370285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=CN, label=图13, caption=即食陈皮鳝鱼贮藏期间感官评价变化, figureFileSmall=HlHhTuI86BveSgrK1tclBA==, figureFileBig=uswC2o3YMDCu9eFfIv1o9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884157501256366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Arrhenius fitting equations for TVB-N (A), TVC (B), and TBA (C) of ready-to-eat tangerine peel-flavored eel, figureFileSmall=61A6qdUtoWyNXrKXqBLTRA==, figureFileBig=BcY+8SPmgL0gN+CoNT535g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884157589336751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=CN, label=图14, caption=即食陈皮鳝鱼TVB-N(A)、TVC(B)、TBA(C)的Arrhenius拟合方程, figureFileSmall=61A6qdUtoWyNXrKXqBLTRA==, figureFileBig=BcY+8SPmgL0gN+CoNT535g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884157652251312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sensory evaluation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
感官指标感官标准评分(分)
外观组织形态形状完整,调味料分布均匀,鱼皮无脱落,边缘无卷曲,肌肉组织致密完整,纹理完整清晰8~9
形状较完整,调味料分布较均匀,鱼皮与鱼肉轻微分离,边缘略微卷曲,肌肉组织紧密度低,鱼肉轻微开裂6~7
形状较不完整,调味料分布较不均匀,鱼皮与鱼肉分离,边缘卷曲明显,肌肉组织松散不紧密,肌肉出现残缺4~5
形状不完整,调味料分布不均匀,鱼皮脱落,边缘卷曲明显,肌肉组织松散,鱼肉开裂明显,残缺掉落严重1~3
色泽颜色均匀诱人,具有典型油炸鱼肉制品色泽,鱼肉表面金黄,鱼皮金黄,无焦糊,内部鱼肉呈浅黄色8~9
颜色较均匀,鱼肉表面焦黄,鱼皮焦黄,边缘略焦糊,或具有轻微油炸鱼肉制品色泽,内部鱼肉呈白色6~7
颜色较不均匀,鱼肉表面棕黄,鱼皮呈棕褐色,有焦糊,内部鱼肉呈焦黄色,或鱼肉表面呈浅黄色,鱼皮微黄,内部鱼肉呈浅白色4~5
颜色不均匀,鱼肉表面呈棕黑色,鱼皮呈焦黑色,内部鱼肉颜色过深,焦糊严重,或鱼肉表面呈浅白色,鱼皮微黄,内部有血色1~3
气味鱼肉香气和油炸香气明显,鲜味浓郁,无明显油脂味,陈皮风味浓郁,有明显柑橘清香,无腥味或其他异味8~9
有较明显鱼肉香气和油炸香气,鲜味明显,有轻微油脂味,陈皮风味平淡,有轻微柑橘清香,无腥味或其他异味6~7
鱼肉香气和油炸香气较弱,鲜味较淡,有明显油脂味,无明显陈皮风味或有较重陈皮味,有轻微腥味,无其他异味4~5
鱼肉香气和油炸香气极弱,鲜味消失,有较重油脂味,或有过重陈皮味,有明显微腥味或其他异味1~3
滋味有醇厚鱼肉香味和油炸滋味,有明显陈皮清甜回味和清凉感,留香久,无油腻感,无异味8~9
有明显鱼肉香味和油炸滋味,有较轻陈皮清甜回味和清凉感,或有轻微陈皮苦涩味,留香短,不油腻,无异味6~7
鱼肉香味和油炸滋味较清淡,无陈皮清甜回味和清凉感,或有明显陈皮苦涩味,有轻微油腻味,无异味4~5
无明显鱼肉香味,有鱼腥味,无陈皮回味,很重油腻味,或有较重陈皮苦涩味,或有异味1~3
质地口感鱼皮酥脆,鱼肉松软有弹性,易咀嚼,不粘牙,不掉渣8~9
鱼皮有韧性,鱼肉较嫩,弹性好,少许粘牙,不掉渣6~7
鱼皮较干,鱼肉略干柴,弹牙感弱,少许粘牙,口感少许粗糙,或鱼皮较软有较强粘弹性,鱼肉软烂,口感较差4~5
鱼皮焦干掉渣,鱼肉干柴生硬,不易咀嚼,调料干燥口感粗糙,或鱼皮较软有较强粘弹性,鱼肉软烂流汁,调料潮湿口感较差1~3
), ArticleFig(id=1320884157727748785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

感官评价

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
感官指标感官标准评分(分)
外观组织形态形状完整,调味料分布均匀,鱼皮无脱落,边缘无卷曲,肌肉组织致密完整,纹理完整清晰8~9
形状较完整,调味料分布较均匀,鱼皮与鱼肉轻微分离,边缘略微卷曲,肌肉组织紧密度低,鱼肉轻微开裂6~7
形状较不完整,调味料分布较不均匀,鱼皮与鱼肉分离,边缘卷曲明显,肌肉组织松散不紧密,肌肉出现残缺4~5
形状不完整,调味料分布不均匀,鱼皮脱落,边缘卷曲明显,肌肉组织松散,鱼肉开裂明显,残缺掉落严重1~3
色泽颜色均匀诱人,具有典型油炸鱼肉制品色泽,鱼肉表面金黄,鱼皮金黄,无焦糊,内部鱼肉呈浅黄色8~9
颜色较均匀,鱼肉表面焦黄,鱼皮焦黄,边缘略焦糊,或具有轻微油炸鱼肉制品色泽,内部鱼肉呈白色6~7
颜色较不均匀,鱼肉表面棕黄,鱼皮呈棕褐色,有焦糊,内部鱼肉呈焦黄色,或鱼肉表面呈浅黄色,鱼皮微黄,内部鱼肉呈浅白色4~5
颜色不均匀,鱼肉表面呈棕黑色,鱼皮呈焦黑色,内部鱼肉颜色过深,焦糊严重,或鱼肉表面呈浅白色,鱼皮微黄,内部有血色1~3
气味鱼肉香气和油炸香气明显,鲜味浓郁,无明显油脂味,陈皮风味浓郁,有明显柑橘清香,无腥味或其他异味8~9
有较明显鱼肉香气和油炸香气,鲜味明显,有轻微油脂味,陈皮风味平淡,有轻微柑橘清香,无腥味或其他异味6~7
鱼肉香气和油炸香气较弱,鲜味较淡,有明显油脂味,无明显陈皮风味或有较重陈皮味,有轻微腥味,无其他异味4~5
鱼肉香气和油炸香气极弱,鲜味消失,有较重油脂味,或有过重陈皮味,有明显微腥味或其他异味1~3
滋味有醇厚鱼肉香味和油炸滋味,有明显陈皮清甜回味和清凉感,留香久,无油腻感,无异味8~9
有明显鱼肉香味和油炸滋味,有较轻陈皮清甜回味和清凉感,或有轻微陈皮苦涩味,留香短,不油腻,无异味6~7
鱼肉香味和油炸滋味较清淡,无陈皮清甜回味和清凉感,或有明显陈皮苦涩味,有轻微油腻味,无异味4~5
无明显鱼肉香味,有鱼腥味,无陈皮回味,很重油腻味,或有较重陈皮苦涩味,或有异味1~3
质地口感鱼皮酥脆,鱼肉松软有弹性,易咀嚼,不粘牙,不掉渣8~9
鱼皮有韧性,鱼肉较嫩,弹性好,少许粘牙,不掉渣6~7
鱼皮较干,鱼肉略干柴,弹牙感弱,少许粘牙,口感少许粗糙,或鱼皮较软有较强粘弹性,鱼肉软烂,口感较差4~5
鱼皮焦干掉渣,鱼肉干柴生硬,不易咀嚼,调料干燥口感粗糙,或鱼皮较软有较强粘弹性,鱼肉软烂流汁,调料潮湿口感较差1~3
), ArticleFig(id=1320884157845189298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Electronic nose sensor performance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阵列序号传感器性能描述
1W1C对芳香成分、苯类敏感
2W5S对氮氧化合物敏感
3W3C对芳香成分、氨类灵敏
4W6S对氢化合物选择性高
5W5C对短链烷烃、芳香成分敏感
6W1S对甲基类物质敏感
7W1W对无机硫化物敏感
8W2S对醇类、醛酮类物质敏感
9W2W芳香成分,对有机硫化物敏感
10W3S对长链烷烃敏感
), ArticleFig(id=1320884157908103859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

电子鼻传感器性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阵列序号传感器性能描述
1W1C对芳香成分、苯类敏感
2W5S对氮氧化合物敏感
3W3C对芳香成分、氨类灵敏
4W6S对氢化合物选择性高
5W5C对短链烷烃、芳香成分敏感
6W1S对甲基类物质敏感
7W1W对无机硫化物敏感
8W2S对醇类、醛酮类物质敏感
9W2W芳香成分,对有机硫化物敏感
10W3S对长链烷烃敏感
), ArticleFig(id=1320884157983601332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Kinetic model parameters for TVB-N, TVC and TBA

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品质指标温度(℃)零级方程一级方程
KR2KR2
TVB-N370.66350.96600.02970.9803
250.27110.88880.01310.8991
100.19040.96890.00830.9830
TVC370.07010.95500.02320.9653
250.16890.94340.05990.9653
100.34100.93130.10910.9708
TBA370.04760.95930.13810.9205
250.02350.87510.08150.9639
100.00890.96260.03000.9036
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TVB-N、TVC和TBA的动力学模型参数

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品质指标温度(℃)零级方程一级方程
KR2KR2
TVB-N370.66350.96600.02970.9803
250.27110.88880.01310.8991
100.19040.96890.00830.9830
TVC370.07010.95500.02320.9653
250.16890.94340.05990.9653
100.34100.93130.10910.9708
TBA370.04760.95930.13810.9205
250.02350.87510.08150.9639
100.00890.96260.03000.9036
), ArticleFig(id=1320884158122013366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Corresponding Ea and K0 values for TVB-N, TVC and TBA

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品质指标Ea(kJ/mol)K0
TVB-N33958.5312531.49
TVC41970.731315859.00
TBA45302.152049282.00
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TVB-N、TVC和TBA的对应的Ea和K0值

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品质指标Ea(kJ/mol)K0
TVB-N33958.5312531.49
TVC41970.731315859.00
TBA45302.152049282.00
), ArticleFig(id=1320884158268814008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Validation of shelf-life prediction model for ready-to-eat tangerine peel-flavored eel

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品质指标温度(℃)预测货架期(d)真实货架期(d)相对误差(%)
TVB-N3721.43207.15
2536.433217.52
1075.336319.57
TVC3711.49114.45
2522.1423-3.75
1054.33540.62
TBA3719.0221-9.43
2538.6742-7.93
10102.1393-9.81
), ArticleFig(id=1320884158377865913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884137834164793, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

即食陈皮鳝鱼货架期预测模型验证

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品质指标温度(℃)预测货架期(d)真实货架期(d)相对误差(%)
TVB-N3721.43207.15
2536.433217.52
1075.336319.57
TVC3711.49114.45
2522.1423-3.75
1054.33540.62
TBA3719.0221-9.43
2538.6742-7.93
10102.1393-9.81
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即食陈皮鳝鱼加工工艺优化及货架期预测
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阮珊艳 1, 2, 3 , 姜金辉 1, 3 , 周志 3 , 熊光权 1 , 柯亮 2 , 汪兰 1, * , 石柳 1, *
食品工业科技 | 贮运保鲜 2026,47(7): 395-407
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食品工业科技 |贮运保鲜 2026 , 47 (7) : 395 -407
即食陈皮鳝鱼加工工艺优化及货架期预测
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阮珊艳1, 2, 3 , 姜金辉1, 3, 周志3, 熊光权1, 柯亮2, 汪兰1, * , 石柳1, *
作者信息
  • 1农业农村部农产品冷链物流技术重点实验室/湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所,湖北省农业科技创新中心农产品加工研究分中心,湖北武汉 430064
  • 2湖北黄鳝产业技术研究院有限公司,湖北仙桃 433012
  • 3湖北民族大学生物与食品工程学院,湖北恩施 445000
通讯作者:
汪兰(1981−),女,博士,研究员,研究方向:农产品加工和天然产物化学,E-mail:。
石柳(1988−),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:水产品加工与综合利用,E-mail:。
作者简介:

阮珊艳(1998−),女,硕士,研究方向:水产品加工,E-mail:

Optimization of Processing Technology and Shelf-life Prediction for Ready-to-Eat Tangerine Peel-Flavored Eel
Shanyan RUAN1, 2, 3 , Jinhui JIANG1, 3, Zhi ZHOU3, Guangquan XIONG1, Liang KE2, Lan WANG1, * , Liu SHI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro-product, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agro-product Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Agro-product Processing Research Sub-center of Hubei Innovation Center of Agriculture Science and Technology, Wuhan 430064, China
  • 2Hubei Eel Industry Technology Research Institute Co., Xiantao 433012, China
  • 3College of Biology and Food Engineering, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi 445000, China
出版时间: 2026-04-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040297
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为改善即食陈皮鳝鱼的食用品质,本研究对即食陈皮鳝鱼的关键加工工艺进行优化并建立货架期预测模型,首先,通过单因素实验对其油炸时间、调味料中陈皮粉添加量和灭菌方式进行优化;然后,分析即食陈皮鳝鱼在不同贮藏温度(37、25、10 ℃)下贮藏品质的变化,最后,利用动力学方程和Arrhenius方程建立即食陈皮鳝鱼的货架期预测模型。结果表明,即食陈皮鳝鱼最佳的油炸时间为4 min,调味料中陈皮粉最优添加量为10%,最优灭菌方式为高温灭菌联合辐照灭菌。随着贮藏时间的延长,菌落总数(total viable count,TVC)、挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N)和硫代巴比妥酸值(thiobarbituric acid,TBA)逐渐增加,感官评分逐渐下降,37 ℃贮藏条件下的pH呈逐渐下降的趋势,25、10 ℃贮藏条件下的pH呈先下降后上升的趋势,产品品质逐渐劣变。分别建立了即食陈皮鳝鱼TVC、TVB-N和TBA的货架期预测模型,经验证TVC预测模型的相对误差较小,均小于5%,因此选择TVC模型作为即食陈皮鳝鱼的货架期预测模型。

即食陈皮鳝鱼  /  工艺优化  /  贮藏品质  /  货架期预测

To improve the edible quality of ready-to-eat tangerine peel-flavored eel, this study optimized key processing parameters and established a shelf-life prediction model. First, single-factor experiments were conducted to optimize frying time, tangerine peel powder content in seasoning, and sterilization method. Then, the quality changes of eel products during storage at different temperatures (37, 25, 10 ℃) were monitored, Finally, the shelf-life prediction models were developed based on the kinetic equations and the Arrhenius equation. Results showed that the optimal frying time was 4 minutes, the content of tangerine peel powder in seasoning was 10%, and the sterilization method was the combination of high-temperature and irradiation sterilization. With the extension of storage time, the total viable count (TVC), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values of eel products gradually increased, while sensory scores gradually decreased. The pH exhibited a trend of direct decrease when samples stored at 37 ℃, while decrease followed by increase when samples stored at both 25 and 10 ℃, indicating progressive quality deterioration. Shelf-life prediction models for TVC, TVB-N, and TBA, respectively, were established. Validation results showed that the prediction model based on TVC had the minimal relative error (all below 5%), therefore, the TVC model was recommended as the suitable shelf-life prediction mode for ready-to-eat tangerine peel-flavored eel.

ready-to-eat tangerine peel-flavored eel  /  optimization of processing technology  /  storage quality  /  shelf-life prediction
阮珊艳, 姜金辉, 周志, 熊光权, 柯亮, 汪兰, 石柳. 即食陈皮鳝鱼加工工艺优化及货架期预测. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (7) : 395 -407 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040297
Shanyan RUAN, Jinhui JIANG, Zhi ZHOU, Guangquan XIONG, Liang KE, Lan WANG, Liu SHI. Optimization of Processing Technology and Shelf-life Prediction for Ready-to-Eat Tangerine Peel-Flavored Eel[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (7) : 395 -407 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040297
鳝鱼(Monopterus albus)又名黄鳝,广泛分布于亚洲淡水水域,是一种重要经济鱼类[1]。2023年我国鳝鱼总产量为35.52万吨,其中湖北省年产量最高(16.98万吨),占全国总产量的47.79%,连续多年居全国第一[2]。鳝鱼以其肉质鲜美、营养丰富而受到人们的喜爱。当今市场上即食鳝鱼休闲制品较少,将营养丰富的鳝鱼加工成即食休闲制品,可以提高它们的附加值。
在现代快节奏的生活方式和消费升级的大背景下,即食水产品作为一类方便、营养且美味的食品,正逐渐成为消费者日常饮食的重要组成部分。即食水产品是指经过预处理、调味、杀菌等一系列加工工序后,可直接食用的水产品,包括即食鱼类、虾类、贝类、藻类等多种产品形式[3]。即食水产制品富含蛋白质、不饱和脂肪酸、维生素和矿物质等营养成分,契合了当下消费者对健康食品的追求[4−5]。目前,即食水产品加工工艺多参考传统加工经验,缺乏科学的理论支撑和系统的工艺优化,导致加工规模小、加工品质不稳定[3]。因此,需要对传统加工工艺进行现代化创新,规范加工过程,促进其产业化生产,提高市场竞争力。
此外,即食水产制品由于化学反应、脂质氧化、内源酶和微生物的共同作用,在贮藏流通环境中很容易品质劣变,货架期缩短[6]。食品货架期是判断食品是否新鲜、安全的重要依据,准确预测水产品的货架期有助于企业优化生产计划、降低库存成本、减少食品浪费,从而提高企业的经济效益和市场竞争力。因此,基于现代化食品生产,优化加工工艺,建立准确的水产品货架期预测模型至关重要[7]。目前基于水产品的物理、化学和微生物特性,结合统计学和机器学习技术,开发了动力学模型和神经网络模型等水产品货架期预测模型。其中,通过Arrhenius方程建立的货架期预测模型在水产制品中应用较多。An等[8]通过化学动力学方程和Arrhenius方程建立了酵母提取物调味的黑鱼片的货架期预测模型。Li等[9]通过加速贮藏试验结合Arrhenius方程预测了热风干燥和冻干凡纳滨对虾的货架期。但目前关于即食鳝鱼制品的货架期预测研究较少,因此亟需开展相关研究为即食鳝鱼制品的生产、贮藏和销售提供科学依据和技术支持。
陈皮鳝鱼风味独特、营养丰富,兼具食疗价值;加工步骤简单,生产流程可模块化,是一种适合转化为工业化生产的即食休闲产品。本文在川菜陈皮鳝段烹饪工艺的基础上,通过单因素实验对即食陈皮鳝鱼加工工艺进行优化;在最佳工艺条件下,监测即食陈皮鳝鱼在贮藏期间的品质变化,并通过化学动力学方程和Arrhenius方程建立货架期预测模型,明确其货架期。本研究的开展为丰富即食类鳝鱼加工产品、提升鳝鱼加工技术水平提供理论基础。
鳝鱼 200±50 g/条,武汉白沙洲水产品批发市场;食盐、葱、姜、料酒、白砂糖、松茸鲜、孜然粉、椒盐、薄荷粉 武汉悦活里超市南湖店;陈皮 广西金凤生态种养合作社,于实验室磨粉并过60目筛;石油醚、冰醋酸、盐酸、液体石蜡、2-硫代巴比妥酸、氯化钠、PCA培养基、轻质氧化镁、硼酸、甲基红、溴甲酚绿等试剂均为分析纯 国药集团化学试剂有限公司。
A01S02型黄鳝宰杀机 荆州市集创机电科技股份有限公司;CF15R高速低温离心机 日本日立公司;L5S紫外可见分光光度计 上海仪电分析仪器有限公司;T18高速分散均质机 德国IKA公司;NMI20-025V-I核磁共振成像分析仪 苏州纽迈分析仪器股份有限公司;PEN3电子鼻 德国AIRSENSE仪器公司;SA402B电子舌 日本INSENT公司。
制作过程如图1所示,具体操作为鲜活鳝鱼经过鳝鱼宰杀机宰杀后去除骨头内脏,用流水清洗干净,去头去尾后切成4 cm×2 cm左右的块状。腌制阶段采用湿腌法在4 ℃下超声辅助腌制1 h后静置腌制1 h。以鱼肉质量计,腌料液配方为葱5%、姜5%、盐2%、料酒10%。腌制后沥干表面水分,然后采用油炸专用棕榈油进行炸制。炸制分为两个阶段,初炸阶段采用150 ℃炸制,复炸阶段采用170 ℃炸制1 min,然后沥干表面油脂。将预先调制好的调味粉和炸制后的鱼肉翻拌均匀,真空包装后进行灭菌处理。调味粉配方为椒盐3%、孜然3%、松茸鲜3%、糖6%、薄荷粉1.5%、芝麻5%以及陈皮粉。
按1.2.1的工艺流程制作样品。研究不同油炸时间(2、4、6、8 min)对即食陈皮鳝鱼的水分含量、油脂含量、出品率、持水持油率和感官评价的影响,筛选出最佳油炸时间;研究陈皮粉添加量(5%、10%、15%)对即食陈皮鳝鱼电子鼻、电子舌和感官评价的影响,筛选出最佳陈皮粉添加量;采用37 ℃快速贮藏实验,研究不同灭菌方式(高温灭菌110 ℃ 10 min、60Co-γ辐照4 kGy和高温灭菌联合60Co-γ辐照),对即食陈皮鳝鱼TVC、TVB-N、TBA、pH和感官评价的影响,筛选出最佳灭菌方式。
根据单因素实验确定的优化工艺制作陈皮鳝鱼样品。将灭菌后的样品分别置于37、25、10 ℃的恒温条件下进行贮藏,其中,每隔3 d对37 ℃贮藏样品取样、每隔5 d对25 ℃贮藏样品取样、每隔10 d对10 ℃贮藏样品取样,取样后检测其TVC值、pH、TVB-N值、TBA值和感官评价。当样品TVC值超出5 lg CFU/g时,判定该温度下样品达到贮藏终点,指标检测终止[10]。
参考GB 5009.3-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中水分的测定》中水分含量测定方法[11],并进行适当改良。称取一定质量(约3 g)陈皮鳝鱼鱼肉,放置于水分仪称量盘内,称量样品和水分仪称量盘总重及水分仪称量盘重量。将称量盘放置于105±2 ℃电热鼓风干燥箱内,干燥6 h后取出,称量干燥后的样品和水分仪称量盘总重,水分含量根据下式计算。
$ \mathrm{Y}=\frac{{\mathrm{m}}_{1}-{\mathrm{m}}_{3}}{{\mathrm{m}}_{1}-{\mathrm{m}}_{2}}\times 100 $
式中:Y为黄鳝鱼肉水分含量(%);m1为干燥前鱼肉和水分仪称量盘总重(g);m2为水分仪称量盘重量(g);m3为干燥后鱼肉和水分仪称量盘总重(g);100为单位换算系数。
参考GB 5009.6-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中脂肪的测定》内索氏抽提法[12],并进行适当改良。称取一定质量(2~5 g)陈皮鳝鱼鱼肉,倒入滤纸筒中并记录质量。将滤纸筒放入抽提筒内,用石油醚在60 ℃不断回流抽提直至抽提筒内液体颜色为无色透明(约4~6 h),抽提结束。取下接收瓶,回收石油醚,取出滤纸筒。将滤纸筒置于103±2 ℃电热鼓风干燥箱内干燥,一段时间后取出,冷却后称重,重复以上操作直至恒重(两次称量差重不超过0.02 g)。完全干燥后称量滤纸筒总重。油脂含量根据下式计算。
$ \mathrm{Y}({\text{%}})=\frac{{\mathrm{m}}_{1}-{\mathrm{m}}_{2}}{{\mathrm{m}}_{3}}\times 100 $
式中:Y为黄鳝鱼肉油脂含量(%);m1为抽提前滤纸筒总重(g);m2为抽提后滤纸筒总重(g);m3为鱼肉重量(g);100为单位换算系数。
参考刘梓意等[13]的方法并加以修改:取适量陈皮鳝鱼鱼肉采用150 ℃油炸,沥干后用吸油纸进一步吸干油分,冷却至室温后称重(精确度到0.1 g),出品率根据下式计算。
$ \mathrm{Y}({\text{%}})=\frac{{\mathrm{m}}_{1}}{{\mathrm{m}}_{2}}\times 100 $
式中:Y为出品率,%;m1为油炸后样品的质量(g);m2为油炸前样品质量(g)。
参考应天昊等[14]的方法并加以修改:准备大小为2 cm×2 cm的纱布,取2 g左右的陈皮鳝鱼鱼肉置于纱布上,并称其质量,使用2层滤纸包裹好样品后置于50 mL的离心管中,4 ℃ 3500 r/min离心10 min后记录离心后质量,持水持油率根据下式计算。
$ \mathrm{Y}({\text{%}})=\frac{{\mathrm{m}}_{2}}{{\mathrm{m}}_{1}}\times 100 $
式中:Y为持水持油率,%;m1为样品质量(g);m2为离心后样品质量(g)。
将陈皮鳝鱼切成1 cm×1 cm的小块,并随机放置,标记三位数字代码。感官评定小组由20名经过专业食品感官评价培训的成员组成,其中包括10名男性和10名女性,年龄范围在23至28岁之间。所有评定员在参与评估之前,均已对陈皮鳝鱼的感官评价表(表1)进行了充分的熟悉和学习。样品评分评价采用9点喜好标度法,根据前期试验制备的陈皮鳝鱼感官评价参照表,要求评定员对样品的喜好度评级进行打分。具体为:1=极度不喜欢,2=非常不喜欢,3=比较不喜欢,4=轻微不喜欢,5=不喜欢也不讨厌,6=轻微喜欢,7=比较喜欢,8=非常喜欢,9=极度喜欢[15]。
参考周明珠等[16]的方法并加以修改。准确称取不同陈皮粉添加量的成品鱼肉3份,每份3.0 g(精确到0.01 g)于100 mL的顶空瓶中,迅速用封口膜封口(3层)后于40 ℃水浴锅加热30 min,室温冷却30 min后上机检测,测定时间120 s;顶空温度25 ℃;内部流量300 mL/min;进样流量300 mL/min。取稳定后第115~117 s间的数据信息做雷达图并进行主成分分析(PCA)。电子鼻10个不同传感器对应物质种类见表2。
参考岳宜静等[17]的方法并加以修改。准确称取25 g不同陈皮粉添加量的成品鱼肉,加入125 mL超纯水,均质1 min后4 ℃以10000 r/min离心10 min,过滤取100 mL滤液在室温下上机分析。测定前对传感器进行活化和校准,每测量一个样品后清洗一次传感器。
根据GB 4789.2-2022《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验 菌落总数测定》[10]。取3 g样品(精确到0.01 g),使用组织剪剪碎,加入27 mL无菌生理盐水,振荡混匀,取上清液进行10倍梯度稀释,选择合适的梯度条件,取1 mL稀释液加入到无菌平皿中,用灭菌的PCA对其进行培养,培养温度为37 ℃,培养时间为48 h,计算菌落总数。
pH根据GB 5009.237-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品pH值的测定》规定方法测定[18]。取2 g陈皮鳝鱼鱼肉,加入18 mL纯水,于4000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液进行测量。
参考GB 5009.228-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中挥发性盐基氮的测定》中的半微量定氮法[19]。
参考周俊鹏等[20]的方法并加以修改。取5 g绞碎的陈皮鳝鱼鱼肉于凯氏蒸馏瓶中,加入10 mL蒸馏水搅拌混合均匀,再加入1 mL盐酸溶液(HCl:H2O=1:2)及1 mL液体石蜡,采用水蒸气蒸馏,收集50 mL蒸馏液。3 mL蒸馏液与3 mL TBA醋酸溶液(0.2883 g硫代巴比妥酸溶解于100 mL 90%冰醋酸)于10 mL比色管中充分混合,100 ℃水浴加热35 min,冷却后在535 nm处测定吸光度A,以蒸馏水取代蒸馏液为空白样,TBA值根据下式计算。
$ \mathrm{Y}=\mathrm{A}\times 7.8 $
式中:Y为试样中的TBA值(mg/kg);A为样品溶液在535 nm处的吸光度值;7.8为换算系数。
采用零级反应动力学和一级反应动力学对TBA、TVB-N和TVC进行分析,并计算出反应常数和回归系数,当回归系数越高时,代表模型的拟合度越高。化学动力学零级和一级方程公式如下:
$ 零级方程: \mathrm{A}={\mathrm{A}}_{0}+\text{Kt} $
$ 一级方程: \mathrm{A}={\mathrm{A}}_{0}\cdot {\mathrm{e}}^{\text{Kt}} $
对一级动力学方程进行化简,两边取对数得:
$ \ln \mathrm{A}=\ln {\mathrm{A}}_{0}+\text{Kt} $
式中:t为食品贮藏时间;K为食品品质变化速率常数;A0为食品的初始品质指标值;A为贮藏至t天时的指标值。
由于反应速率常数K是温度的函数,因此根据Arrhenius方程可以对不同温度下贮藏的即食陈皮鳝鱼进行货架期预测。Arrhenius理论通常可以用三种不同的数学式来表达:
$ 指数式: \mathrm{K}={\mathrm{K}}_{0}\cdot {\mathrm{e}}^{-\tfrac{{\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\text{RT}}} $
$ 对数式: \ln \mathrm{K}=\ln {\mathrm{K}}_{0}-\frac{{\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\text{RT}} $
$ 微分式: \frac{\text{dln} \mathrm{K}}{\text{dT}}=\frac{{\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{R}{\mathrm{T}}^{2}} $
式中:K为反应温度为T(K)时的反应速率常数;R为摩尔气体常数,8.3144 J/(mol·K);K0为变化频率因子;Ea为活化能,kJ/mol;T为贮藏的温度,K。
由对数式可知,对lnK关于1/T进行线性回归分析,由方程的斜率与截距可以计算出活化能Ea和变化频率因子K0。
当货架期到达终点时,根据品质终点的指标值A和贮藏的环境温度T,可得出Arrhenius方程,将方程分别代入化学动力学零级、一级方程,可得到即食陈皮鳝鱼的货架期方程:
$ 零级动力学模型方程: \mathrm{SL}=\frac{\mathrm{A}-{\mathrm{A}}_{0}}{{\mathrm{K}}_{0}\cdot {\mathrm{e}}^{-\tfrac{{\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\text{RT}}}} $
$ 一级动力学模型方程: \mathrm{SL}=\frac{\ln \mathrm{A}-\ln {\mathrm{A}}_{0}}{{\mathrm{K}}_{0}\cdot {\mathrm{e}}^{-\tfrac{{\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\text{RT}}}} $
式中:SL为预测货架期,d;A0为食品的初始品质指标值;A为货架期终点品质指标限值;R为摩尔气体常数,8.3144 J/(mol·K);K0为变化频率因子;Ea为活化能,kJ/mol;T为贮藏的温度,K。
所有数据均进行3次重复,采用Excel进行处理,显著性分析采用SPSS 26进行分析,P<0.05为差异显著,主成分分析(PCA)采用SIMCA 14.1进行分析,绘图采用GraphPad Prism和Origin 2024。
水分含量、油脂含量、持水持油率和出品率常作为衡量油炸制品的主要指标,如图2所示,随油炸时间延长,水分含量、持水持油率、出品率整体呈下降趋势,油脂含量则相反。即食类油炸制品水分含量在40%~50%比较合适,水分含量过高会使油炸产品失去特有风味且不耐贮藏,水分含量过低会严重影响油炸产品口感且出品率过低[21]。油炸时间低于4 min时,即食陈皮鳝鱼的水分含量、油脂含量较适宜,油炸时间高于4 min时,即食陈皮鳝鱼的水分含量显著下降(P<0.05),油炸6 min即食陈皮鳝鱼的水分含量下降到27.82%±1.74%,显著下降了34.61%(P<0.05)。随油炸时间的延长,油脂含量和水分含量呈负相关,这与王钰杰[22]研究熏鱼(草鱼)油炸期间所得粗脂肪与含水率之间关系的结论一致。Fang等[23]研究发现油炸会增加鱼皮的中的油脂含量,且油炸促进脂质氧化,降低产品质量。随油炸时间的延长,持水持油率与出品率降低,持水持油率由2 min的94.33%下降至8 min的86.74%,出品率由2 min的57.73%下降至8 min的37.04%。这与崔宁等[24]研究油炸时间对草鱼块品质影响的规律一致。在高温油炸过程中,鳝鱼肌肉中的肌动蛋白和肌凝蛋白会发生变性,破坏肌肉原有的保水结构,导致持水能力显著下降。在此过程中,肌肉组织内的可溶性物质与水分大量流失,使得食物内部形成多孔结构,随着油炸时间的持续增加,这些孔隙为油脂的渗入提供了通道,致使产品油脂含量上升,而水分和可溶物的流失则直接造成出品率降低[13]。综合考虑水分含量、油脂含量、持水持油率和出品率,油炸4 min可获得较好的产品品质。
产品的感官特性是决定产品是否被消费者接受的首要因素[25]。对不同油炸时间的即食陈皮鳝鱼感官评价绘制南丁格尔玫瑰图,通过品质的轮廓分析油炸时间对陈皮鳝鱼的影响,发现油炸条件的变化会引起感官品质的显著变化,结果如图3所示。随油炸时间的延长,即食陈皮鳝鱼总分呈先上升后下降的趋势,其中4 min的感官评价的总分最高。此外,随油炸时间延长,鳝鱼的颜色由深棕色向浅黄色转变,且风味逐渐变得浓郁,这是由于油炸赋予了鳝鱼肉金黄的色泽、酥脆的质地及诱人的香味。油炸时间较短(2 min)时,鱼肉水分含量较高,鱼肉颜色偏浅,且分布不均匀;鱼肉咀嚼性较差,鱼皮偏软。油炸时间较长(8 min)时,鱼肉脱水严重,变得干、硬,难以咀嚼,适口性较差,鱼皮焦煳,口感较差;鱼肉颜色焦黑,感官较差;且失去了鱼肉油炸的香味,取而代之的是过度油炸后的油焦味,产品的可接受性大大降低。而油炸4 min的鱼肉外表酥脆,鱼肉有韧性,咀嚼性较好,鱼肉完整度较高;鱼皮金黄,鱼肉呈现油炸典型的焦黄色;鱼肉具有明显的油炸油脂香味。
综合考虑理化指标和感官评价的结果,选择最佳油炸时间为4 min。
陈皮粉添加量对即食陈皮鳝鱼风味有显著影响。电子鼻是一种通过模拟哺乳动物鼻子的嗅觉功能以采集样品挥发性成分整体信息来评价样品的方法[26]。通过电子鼻不同传感器的响应值可以直观反映陈皮粉添加量对产品风味的影响。由图4A可知,不同陈皮添加量的产品对W2W、W1W、W1S、W2S、W5S和W1C传感器有显著影响。随着陈皮粉添加量的增加,W5S、W1W和W2W总体呈下降趋势,W1S总体呈上升趋势,而W1C和W2S则先上升后下降。因此,陈皮添加量会引起有机硫化物、无机硫化物、甲基类、醇类、醛酮类、氮氧化合物和芳香成分的变化从而影响产品风味。适量的陈皮粉添加会丰富即食陈皮鳝鱼的风味,当陈皮粉添加量超过10%后,并不会使产品风味突出,反而会掩盖油炸带来的肉香味。由图4B可知,主成分1(PC1)的贡献率为53.9%,主成分2(PC2)的贡献率为28.7%,其总贡献率为82.6%,表示所选样品能够较好地代表整体风味。不同陈皮粉添加量的样品在主成分分析中分布较接近,表明不同的添加量对样品风味影响不显著,同时同一种样品的信号分子较为集中,说明样品的风味相对稳定。
陈皮粉添加量对即食陈皮鳝鱼滋味有显著影响。电子舌采用与人的舌头相似的识味机理,通过对各项味道进行数字化分析,对味觉指标和风味差异进行量化,可明确陈皮添加量对产品滋味产生的影响。由图5A可知,不同陈皮添加量的产品对苦味、涩味、苦味回味、涩味回味、鲜味、丰富度和咸味传感器有显著影响,未达到酸味传感器检测有效限值(−13),所以未检测出酸味。随着陈皮粉添加量的增加,鲜味、丰富度和咸味总体呈下降趋势,涩味和涩味回味总体呈上升趋势,而苦味和苦味回味则先下降后上升。由图5B可知,主成分1(PC1)的贡献率为64.4%,主成分2(PC2)的贡献率为25.8%,其总贡献率为90.2%,贡献率高于85%表示所选样品能够较好地代表整体风味。从二维气泡图5C和图5D中可知,随着陈皮粉添加量增加,产品丰富度下降,涩味回味增加,苦味回味先下降后上升,尤其是15%陈皮粉添加量使产品丰富度显著下降,涩味回味和苦味回味显著增加。因此,适量陈皮粉添加会增加产品滋味,但过量陈皮粉添加会增加苦味、涩味、苦味回味和涩味回味,给产品带来不好的滋味。通过对3种陈皮粉添加量的产品进行滋味评价,发现10%陈皮粉添加量组的滋味更为出色。
不同陈皮粉添加量对即食陈皮鳝鱼感官评价的影响结果如图6所示。随陈皮粉添加量的增加,即食陈皮鳝鱼总分呈先上升后下降的趋势,其中10%陈皮粉添加量的感官评定的总分最高。适量的陈皮粉添加可以增加产品风味,减缓油炸带来的不良油脂风味。但过量的陈皮粉添加会带来苦味和涩味等不良风味,导致产品口感下降,消费者接受度降低。因此,综合考虑电子鼻、电子舌和感官评价的结果,即食陈皮鳝鱼调味料中陈皮粉最佳添加量为10%。
三种灭菌方式的陈皮鳝鱼在37 ℃贮藏条件下的TVC变化如图7A所示,第0 d高温灭菌组、辐照组和联合灭菌组的即食陈皮鳝鱼的TVC值分别为2.78、1.95和1.39 lg CFU/g,随着贮藏时间的延长,所有处理组的TVC值均显著升高(P<0.05),且高温灭菌组在第5 d达到5.62 lg CFU/g,辐照处理组在第10 d达到6.44 lg CFU/g,超出安全限值5 lg CFU/g;而联合处理组在第10 d达到4.48 lg CFU/g,还未达到国家限值5 lg CFU/g[10]。因此,高温联合辐照灭菌能有效延长贮藏期。
三种灭菌方式的陈皮鳝鱼在37 ℃贮藏条件下的pH变化如图7B所示,第0 d样品的pH为6.65~6.68。随着贮藏时间的延长,所有处理组的pH均逐渐降低,高温灭菌组在第10 d降到5.88,下降11.7%,可能是贮藏后期微生物大量繁殖产生酸类代谢产物;而辐照处理组和联合处理组pH在第10 d时下降较为缓慢(5.26%、3.0%),且联合灭菌pH变化最缓慢。徐建宗[27]研究发现辐照杀菌对熏马肉干丝辣椒酱pH影响较小,有利于其贮藏。
TVB-N值常用于反映鱼肉蛋白质降解的程度,TVB-N值越高表示其降解程度越高,被广泛用于确定水产品变质程度[28]。三种灭菌方式的陈皮鳝鱼在37 ℃贮藏条件下的TVB-N值变化如图7C所示,第0 d高温灭菌组、辐照组和联合灭菌组的即食陈皮鳝鱼的TVB-N值分别为16.36、12.21和18.77 mg/100 g,随着贮藏时间的延长,所有处理组的TVB-N值均逐渐升高,高温灭菌组在第10 d达到30.53 mg/100 g,增长86.61%;辐照处理组在第10 d达到26.91 mg/100 g,增长120.39%;而联合处理组在第10 d达到21.92 mg/100 g,仅增长16.78%。参考GB 10136-2015《食品国家安全标准 动物性水产制品》中的规定限量30 mg/100 g[29]。高温灭菌组在第10 d超出限值。TVB-N值增加主要是由于贮藏过程中微生物的生长和蛋白水解酶的分泌促使蛋白质分解产生氨、胺类等含氮化合物[30]。高温灭菌和辐照灭菌都能通过抑制微生物生长繁殖有效减缓TVB-N值的增加。
TBA值可以反映鱼肉脂肪氧化的程度,TBA值越高表示氧化程度越高。三种灭菌方式的陈皮鳝鱼在37 ℃贮藏条件下的TBA值变化如图7D所示,第0 d高温灭菌组、辐照组和联合灭菌组的即食陈皮鳝鱼的TBA值分别为0.065、0.092和0.071 mg/kg。辐照处理组的TBA值较高,这可能是因为辐照处理产生较多自由基,促进了脂肪氧化产生丙二醛[31]。随着贮藏时间的延长,所有处理组的TBA值均逐渐升高,高温灭菌组在第10 d达到0.115 mg/kg,增长76.92%;辐照处理组和联合处理组的TBA值增长速度相对较低(13.04%、22.5%),且在贮藏第10 d联合处理组TBA值显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。
不同灭菌方式对即食陈皮鳝鱼感官评价的影响结果如图8所示。随贮藏时间的增加,即食陈皮鳝鱼感官评分呈逐渐下降的趋势。即食陈皮鳝鱼肉质逐渐松散,咀嚼性下降;汁水流出,表面湿润,感官较差;陈皮味逐渐减弱,肉香逐渐消失,食用品质下降。在贮藏后期,联合灭菌处理组感官评定的总分最高。综合考虑TVC、TVB-N、TBA、pH和感官评价的结果,发现高温联合辐照灭菌处理有利于延缓即食陈皮鳝鱼贮藏过程中微生物繁殖、蛋白质分解和脂质氧化,能有效保持产品品质。因此,选择最适灭菌方式为联合灭菌法。
如图9所示,贮藏0 d时即食陈皮鳝鱼中的菌落总数为1.39 lg CFU/g,随贮藏时间的增加,鱼肉中菌落总数均呈增加趋势,且温度越高增长速率越快。37 ℃条件下贮藏时,在第12 d达到5.08 lg CFU/g,25 ℃条件下贮藏时,在第25 d达到5.51 lg CFU/g,10 ℃条件下贮藏时,在第60 d达到5.72 lg CFU/g,超出国家标准限值。因此,低温能抑制鱼肉中微生物生长,且贮藏温度越低,微生物生长速率越慢,即食油炸陈皮鳝鱼货架期越长。
如图10所示,即食油炸陈皮鳝鱼的pH初始值是6.71,其后在10、25 ℃贮藏温度下的即食油炸陈皮鳝鱼的pH均呈先下降后上升的趋势,而在37 ℃样品的pH呈总体下降的趋势。贮藏前期鱼肉pH下降的原因可能是脂肪氧化水解产生酸性物质,且微生物生长代谢也会产生乳酸、醋酸等酸性物质[32]。在贮藏后期,鱼肉pH上升可能与蛋白质分解产生一系列小分子胺类物质有关。当蛋白质水解产生碱性物质的速率超过脂肪氧化生成有机酸的速率时,即食油炸陈皮鳝鱼的pH会逐渐升高[33]。37 ℃下pH一直呈现下降的趋势也可能是因为在该温度下脂肪分解速率较快,游离脂肪酸积累;此温度下微生物快速繁殖,产生大量酸性代谢产物。甄润英等[34]在即食香辣秋刀鱼产品贮藏期发现pH一直呈现下降趋势,且37 ℃下pH一直低于常温贮藏条件下产品的pH。
如图11所示,在第0 d时,即食油炸陈皮鳝鱼的TVB-N值为18.03 mg/100 g,在37、25、10 ℃贮藏终点分别达到27.99、27.49和29.48 mg/100 g。参考GB 10136-2015《食品国家安全标准 动物性水产制品》中的规定限量30 mg/100 g[29]。三种贮藏温度下的陈皮鳝鱼在贮藏终点都未超过限值。随着贮藏时间的延长,三种贮藏温度下即食油炸陈皮鳝鱼的TVB-N值均呈现逐渐增加的趋势,且贮藏温度越高,增长速率越快。这与柴利[35]的测定结果一致。在10 ℃的贮藏温度下,蛋白质分解酶活性较低,蛋白质的分解速率较慢,故TVB-N值变化较缓慢;但25和37 ℃条件下的TVB-N值变化较快,表明温度对蛋白质氧化具有重要的影响。Cui等[36]研究发现,贮藏温度越高微生物活性越高,也会促进酶的活性,导致蛋白质降解速率的增加,进而加速了TVB-N值的增加。总体来看,低温贮藏可以在一定程度上降低蛋白质的分解速率,延缓TVB-N的增长。
TBA值通过表征水产品中不饱和脂肪酸降解生成的次级氧化产物丙二醛的含量来评估其新鲜度[8]。即食油炸陈皮鳝鱼在贮藏期间的TBA值的变化趋势如图12所示。即食油炸陈皮鳝鱼的TBA值在第0 d时为0.09 mg/kg。在贮藏期间,三种贮藏温度下的TBA值均不断增加。常娅妮[37]研究发现,当TBA值≥1.0 mg/kg时,肉类会产生明显的氧化腐败气味。三种贮藏温度下的即食陈皮鳝鱼在贮藏终点TBA值都未达到1.0 mg/kg,无明显的油脂氧化味。25和10 ℃条件下贮藏的即食油炸陈皮鳝鱼的TBA值的变化速率低于37 ℃下的变化速率。由此可见,温度对即食油炸陈皮鳝鱼的TBA值有较大的影响,温度越高脂质氧化速率越快[35]。
如图13所示,随着贮藏时间延长,即食陈皮鳝鱼肉质松散,汁液渗出,咀嚼性下降,油炸香味、陈皮味逐渐消失,产品品质逐渐劣变。三个温度的感官评价都呈逐渐下降的趋势,且温度越高产品品质劣变越快。根据感官评价表,当感官评分低于20分时达到不可接受范围,37、25和10 ℃分别在第12、25和60 d低于20分,达到不可接受范围。
动力学模型在水产品加工中应用广泛,它包括零级动力学模型和一级动力学模型。零级动力学模型适用于水产品中由大量前体或底物产生少量产物的形成反应,而一级动力学模型更适用于降解反应[38]。将37、25和10 ℃温度下即食陈皮鳝鱼贮藏期间的TVB-N和TVC分别带入化学动力方程零级和一级方程进行拟合分析,得到三种温度下的反应速率常数K及回归系数R2。根据表3可知的TVB-N和TVC一级反应的R2整体高于零级反应,因此,即食陈皮鳝鱼贮藏期间的TVB-N和TVC更符合一级反应方程。TBA零级反应的R2整体高于一级反应,因此,即食陈皮鳝鱼贮藏期间的TBA更符合零级反应方程。
由于反应速率常数K是温度的函数,因此根据Arrhenius方程可以对不同温度下贮藏的即食油炸陈皮鳝鱼进行货架期预测。由Arrhenius方程对数式:$ \ln \mathrm{K}=\ln {\mathrm{K}}_{0}-\dfrac{{\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\text{RT}} $可知以lnK为因变量,1/T为自变量,对以lnK和1/T进行曲线拟合,可计算出Arrhenius方程参数。
将37、25和10 ℃温度下即食陈皮鳝鱼贮藏期间的TVB-N、TVC和TBA分别带入$ \ln \mathrm{K}=\ln {\mathrm{K}}_{0}-\dfrac{{\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\text{RT}} $中,通过SPSS软件进行拟合,得到拟合方程,如图14所示。
由拟合方程可计算得到Ea和K0值,如表4所示。
将Ea和K0值带入Arrhenius方程$ \mathrm{K}={\mathrm{K}}_{0}\cdot {\mathrm{e}}^{-\frac{{\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\text{RT}}} $中得到即食陈皮鳝鱼的TVB-N、TVC和TBA含量变化方程:
$ {\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{TVB}{\text-}\mathrm{N}}=12531.49\cdot {\mathrm{e}}^{\left(-\tfrac{4084.5}{\mathrm{T}}\right)} $
$ {\mathrm{K}}_{\text{TVC}}=1315859\cdot {\mathrm{e}}^{\left(-\tfrac{5048.2}{\mathrm{T}}\right)} $
$ {\mathrm{K}}_{\text{TBA}}=2049282\cdot {\mathrm{e}}^{\left(-\tfrac{5448.9}{\mathrm{T}}\right)} $
将计算得到的TVB-N、TVC所建立的Arrhenius方程中的Ea值与K0值分别代入一级动力学模型方程$ \mathrm{SL}=\dfrac{\ln \mathrm{A}-\ln {\mathrm{A}}_{0}}{{\mathrm{K}}_{0}\cdot {\mathrm{e}}^{-\tfrac{{\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\text{RT}}}} $,得到即食陈皮鳝鱼的货架期方程。
$ {\text{SL}}_{\text{TVB}{\text-} \mathrm{N}}=\frac{\ln \mathrm{TVB }{\text-} \mathrm{N}-\ln {\mathrm{TVB}{\text-} \mathrm{N}}_{0}}{12531.49\cdot {\mathrm{e}}^{\left(-\tfrac{4084.5}{\mathrm{T}}\right)}} $
$ {\text{SL}}_{\text{TVC}}=\frac{\ln \text{TVC}-\ln {\text{TVC}}_{0}}{1315859\cdot {\mathrm{e}}^{\left(-\tfrac{5048.2}{\mathrm{T}}\right)}} $
将计算得到的TBA所建立的Arrhenius方程中的Ea值与K0值代入零级动力学模型方程$\mathrm{SL}= $ $ \dfrac{\mathrm{A}-{\mathrm{A}}_{0}}{{\mathrm{K}}_{0}\cdot {\mathrm{e}}^{-\tfrac{{\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\text{RT}}}} $,得到即食陈皮鳝鱼的货架期方程。
$ {\text{SL}}_{\text{TBA}}=\frac{\mathrm{TBA}-{\text{TBA}}_{0}}{2049282\cdot {\mathrm{e}}^{\left(-\tfrac{5448.9}{\mathrm{T}}\right)}} $
为了验证货架期预测模型是否精准,分别将即食陈皮鳝鱼在37、25和10 ℃条件下的实际货架期与方程计算出的预测货架期做对比。以TVB-N值达到30 mg/100 g、TVC值达到5 lg CFU/g和TBA值达到1 mg/kg为货架期终点。由表5可知在37、25和10 ℃条件下,TVC模型相对误差较小,均小于5%,模型更加精准,因此选择TVC模型作为预测即食陈皮鳝鱼的货架期。此时,即食陈皮鳝鱼37 ℃下货架期为11.49 d、25 ℃下货架期为22.14 d、10 ℃下货架期为54.33 d。
通过工艺优化即食陈皮鳝鱼的最佳油炸时间为4 min、陈皮粉最适添加量为10%、最适灭菌方式为高温灭菌联合辐照灭菌。此时的即食陈皮鳝鱼具有较适宜的水分含量和油脂含量,具有较好的持水持油率,陈皮味与油炸产生的香味为产品带来了丰富的口感。联合灭菌在保持产品品质的同时有效抑制微生物生长,减缓油脂氧化、蛋白质分解,延长其贮藏期。通过监测即食陈皮鳝鱼在37、25和10 ℃贮藏条件下的品质变化,发现随着贮藏时间延长,即食陈皮鳝鱼样品的TVC、TVB-N和TBA都呈逐渐上升的趋势,感官评价呈逐渐下降趋势,且贮藏温度越高,产品品质劣变越快。根据TVC、TVB-N和TBA在不同贮藏温度下的变化,建立了即食陈皮鳝鱼的货架期预测模型,其中TVC货架期预测模型在37 ℃下货架期预测为11.49 d,25 ℃下货架期预测为22.14 d,10 ℃下货架期预测为54.33 d,经验证与真实货架期相对误差为0.62%~4.45%,相对误差最小,模型精准度更高。本研究的开展为丰富即食类鳝鱼加工产品、提升鳝鱼加工技术水平提供了理论基础。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040297
  • 接收时间:2025-04-22
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-04-01
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    1农业农村部农产品冷链物流技术重点实验室/湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所,湖北省农业科技创新中心农产品加工研究分中心,湖北武汉 430064
    2湖北黄鳝产业技术研究院有限公司,湖北仙桃 433012
    3湖北民族大学生物与食品工程学院,湖北恩施 445000

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汪兰(1981−),女,博士,研究员,研究方向:农产品加工和天然产物化学,E-mail:。
石柳(1988−),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:水产品加工与综合利用,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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