Article(id=1320884048420000356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883558764359808, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030252, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1742227200000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852897982, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1776182400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852897982, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852897982, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852897982, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883558764359808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1776182400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852781239, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852781239, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=389, endPage=397, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320884048860402277, articleId=1320884048420000356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=In Vitro Simulated Digestion Evaluation of Full Nutrition Formula Powder for Sarcopenia in the Elderly, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This paper innovatively designed a full-nutrition formula powder based on the physiological characteristics of sarcopenia in the elderly. According to the digestive features of the elderly, an in vitro simulation of the oral-gastric-intestinal digestion system was conducted to evaluate the digestive properties of the full-nutrition formula powder for the elderly. The experiment adjusted the pH value and enzyme activity (α-amylase, pepsin, trypsin) of the digestive fluid, and measured the protein content, solid content, fatty acid release kinetics, rheological properties and microstructure changes after simulated digestion. The results showed that the protein content of the formula powder decreased significantly during the simulated digestion process. After digestion in the stomach and intestinal stages, the digestion rate of the formula powder reached 97.22%. The solid content of the formula powder decreased significantly (about 50%) in the stomach stage, remained stable in the intestinal stage, and reached the lowest level. The release of fatty acids conformed to the first-order kinetic model, and the release rate increased significantly in the first 40 minutes of the simulated intestinal digestion stage. Rheological properties showed that the apparent viscosity gradually decreased with the progress of digestion, and particle size analysis indicated that macromolecular substances were effectively decomposed (P<0.05), demonstrating better digestive properties of the formula powder. Microscopic structure showed that macromolecular substances were gradually degraded, and lipids were mainly digested in the small intestine stage. The study revealed the effective digestion and absorption characteristics of the formula powder in the simulated gastrointestinal environment of the elderly, providing a scientific basis for the optimization of full-nutrition formula powder for the elderly.

, authors=Wenjian ZHENG1, 2, Yu GUO1, 3, Qiancheng ZHAO3, *, Bin QIU1, *, authorsList=Wenjian ZHENG, Yu GUO, Qiancheng ZHAO, Bin QIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qiancheng ZHAO, Bin QIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320884051829969528, articleId=1320884048420000356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=老年肌肉减少症全营养配方粉的体外模拟消化评价, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文针对老年肌肉减少症生理特点创新设计了一款全营养配方粉,并根据老年人胃肠消化特点,通过体外模拟口腔-胃-肠消化系统,评估老年全营养配方粉的消化特性。实验调整消化液pH及酶活性(α-淀粉酶、胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶),测定模拟消化后蛋白质含量、固形物含量、脂肪酸释放动力学、流变学特性及微观结构变化。结果表明,配方粉在模拟消化过程中蛋白质含量显著下降,经胃肠阶段消化后,配方粉消化率达到97.22%;配方粉固形物含量在胃阶段显著降低(约50%),肠阶段保持稳定且配方粉固形物含量最低;脂肪酸释放符合一级动力学模型,前40 min模拟肠消化阶段释放率显著升高;流变特性显示表观黏度随消化进程逐渐下降,粒径分析表明大分子物质被有效分解(P<0.05),配方粉表现出更好地消化特性;微观结构显示大分子物质逐步降解,脂质主要在小肠阶段被消化。研究揭示了该配方粉在老年模拟胃肠环境中的有效消化吸收特性,为老年营养配方粉优化提供科学依据。

, authors=郑文建1, 2, 郭宇1, 3, 赵前程3, *, 邱斌1, *, authorsList=郑文建, 郭宇, 赵前程, 邱斌, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=赵前程, 邱斌, authorNote=

郑文建(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品质量与安全,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
赵前程(1966−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品营养与安全,E-mail:。
邱斌(1982−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:营养感知与食品创制,E-mail:。
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Food Research International, 2025, 209: 116256., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320884052064850553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884052073239162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, companyId=1320884052064850553, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Institute of Food Processing and Nutrition, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan 250000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884052081627771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, companyId=1320884052064850553, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1山东省农业科学院农产品加工与营养研究所,山东济南 250000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320884052152930940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884052161319549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, companyId=1320884052152930940, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884052165513854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, companyId=1320884052152930940, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2南昌大学食品学院,江西南昌 330000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320884052224234111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884052228428416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, companyId=1320884052224234111, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884052236817025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, companyId=1320884052224234111, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3大连海洋大学食品科学与工程学院,辽宁大连 116023)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320884054011007648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Simulate changes in protein content during digestion, figureFileSmall=3JkNgAi0xKQlQaAP9XHN8w==, figureFileBig=6csKta+Uqn8v7Eo6rDTZTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884054065533601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, language=CN, label=图1, caption=模拟消化过程中蛋白质含量变化, figureFileSmall=3JkNgAi0xKQlQaAP9XHN8w==, figureFileBig=6csKta+Uqn8v7Eo6rDTZTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884054325580450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Protein digestibility in protein content during digestion, figureFileSmall=Poah+l82W5brBtgmqjZUoQ==, figureFileBig=w7kEY0cIQIkUeyJMk8yA7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884054396883619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, language=CN, label=图2, caption=模拟消化过程中蛋白质消化率, figureFileSmall=Poah+l82W5brBtgmqjZUoQ==, figureFileBig=w7kEY0cIQIkUeyJMk8yA7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884054455603876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Simulate changes in solids content during digestion, figureFileSmall=beFnOu4YN95lF9KffxWzmw==, figureFileBig=geCyYNH8SHgH3Ug60j3lUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884054568850085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, language=CN, label=图3, caption=模拟消化过程中固形物含量变化, figureFileSmall=beFnOu4YN95lF9KffxWzmw==, figureFileBig=geCyYNH8SHgH3Ug60j3lUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884054635958950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Release rate of free fatty acids in samples during the simulated gastric digestion stage, figureFileSmall=Iu7ayk2OWbFcq4N1pwJeGQ==, figureFileBig=RBDZQm3VQGi/0oFXDs3gCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884054707262119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, language=CN, label=图4, caption=模拟胃消化阶段样品游离脂肪酸释放率

注:不同小写字母表示同一组不同消化时间存在显著差异,P<0.05,图5同。

, figureFileSmall=Iu7ayk2OWbFcq4N1pwJeGQ==, figureFileBig=RBDZQm3VQGi/0oFXDs3gCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884054795342504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Simulate the release rate of free fatty acids in the sample during the intestinal digestion stage, figureFileSmall=NR4c4dOj9feykujl73VmFg==, figureFileBig=HtDr2VBKUTT6ugITjhMaGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884054875034281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, language=CN, label=图5, caption=模拟肠消化阶段样品游离脂肪酸释放率, figureFileSmall=NR4c4dOj9feykujl73VmFg==, figureFileBig=HtDr2VBKUTT6ugITjhMaGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884054996669098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Simulate the apparent viscosity of the sample during digestion, figureFileSmall=YwdRFFr+ue6MA/0AIce+sQ==, figureFileBig=tUMqMJuuR7RPKK7+qM3FMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884055193801387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, language=CN, label=图6, caption=模拟消化过程中的样品表观黏度

注:A.消化过程中配方粉的表观黏度;B.消化过程中配方粉+PEC的表观黏度;C.消化过程中产品1的表观黏度;D.消化过程中产品2的表观黏度。

, figureFileSmall=YwdRFFr+ue6MA/0AIce+sQ==, figureFileBig=tUMqMJuuR7RPKK7+qM3FMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884055256715948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Simulate changes in sample particle size during digestion, figureFileSmall=C6tZws0R3HmnwH51fbWRDw==, figureFileBig=DvbSppg9f4yEOHqZjtEeQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884055319630509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, language=CN, label=图7, caption=模拟消化过程中样品粒径变化

注:不同字母表示同一类别组间具有显著差异(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=C6tZws0R3HmnwH51fbWRDw==, figureFileBig=DvbSppg9f4yEOHqZjtEeQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884055407710894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Simulate the microscopic morphological changes of the sample during digestion, figureFileSmall=+9jI0uQbMpZKTXnBYkVeBQ==, figureFileBig=tIx5fG60hl1rLaYCEWeAOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884055474819759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, language=CN, label=图8, caption=模拟消化过程中样品微观形态变化, figureFileSmall=+9jI0uQbMpZKTXnBYkVeBQ==, figureFileBig=tIx5fG60hl1rLaYCEWeAOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884055533540016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Simulate the morphological changes of the sample during digestion, figureFileSmall=b7KJlkJoIjvXEhGd3yTyFA==, figureFileBig=V2VRernSSQW3Kp4/IJi+KA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884055596454577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, language=CN, label=图9, caption=模拟消化过程中样品形态变化

注:A.配方粉模拟消化过程中的形态变化;B. 配方粉+PEC模拟消化过程中的形态变化; C.产品1模拟消化过程中的形态变化;D.产品2模拟消化过程中的形态变化。

, figureFileSmall=b7KJlkJoIjvXEhGd3yTyFA==, figureFileBig=V2VRernSSQW3Kp4/IJi+KA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884055663563442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Design of sarcopenia total nutrient formula

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
营养素添加量(/100 g)
乳清蛋白(g)21.34
大豆蛋白(g)13.23
HMB(g)1.00
亚麻籽油(g)2.00
葵花籽油(g)8.00
MCT(g)6.00
麦芽糊精(g)35.89
低聚果糖(g)9.00
维生素A(μg RE)378.00
维生素C(mg)100.00
维生素E(mg α-TE)11.00
维生素D(μg)12.50
维生素B1(mg)0.82
维生素B2(mg)0.82
维生素B6(mg)0.96
维生素B12(μg)3.00
烟酸(mg)7.00
叶酸(μg)150.00
泛酸(mg)3.12
生物(μg)19.00
铁(mg)20.00
钙(mg)720.00
锌(mg)4.32
硒(μg)28.00
镁(mg)110.00
铜(mg)0.36
锰(mg)0.43
磷(mg)270.00
钾(mg)1410.00
碘(μg)54.00
氯(mg)400.00
钠(mg)480.00
), ArticleFig(id=1320884055730672307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

老年肌少症全营养配方粉设计配方

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
营养素添加量(/100 g)
乳清蛋白(g)21.34
大豆蛋白(g)13.23
HMB(g)1.00
亚麻籽油(g)2.00
葵花籽油(g)8.00
MCT(g)6.00
麦芽糊精(g)35.89
低聚果糖(g)9.00
维生素A(μg RE)378.00
维生素C(mg)100.00
维生素E(mg α-TE)11.00
维生素D(μg)12.50
维生素B1(mg)0.82
维生素B2(mg)0.82
维生素B6(mg)0.96
维生素B12(μg)3.00
烟酸(mg)7.00
叶酸(μg)150.00
泛酸(mg)3.12
生物(μg)19.00
铁(mg)20.00
钙(mg)720.00
锌(mg)4.32
硒(μg)28.00
镁(mg)110.00
铜(mg)0.36
锰(mg)0.43
磷(mg)270.00
钾(mg)1410.00
碘(μg)54.00
氯(mg)400.00
钠(mg)480.00
), ArticleFig(id=1320884055827141300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Simulated oral digestive juice, simulated gastric digestive juice, and simulated intestinal digestive juice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目摩尔浓度(mol/L)SSF(mL)SGF(mL)SIF(mL)
KCl0.623105610.8
KH2PO40.500101.81.6
NaHCO31.00021385
NaCl2.0530.52016
MgCl2(H2O)60.1480.542.2
NH4Cl0.5102
Urea0.3752.50.64.8
CaCl2(H2O)20.3000.750.0750.3
pH6.82.06.5
), ArticleFig(id=1320884055898444469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

模拟口腔消化液(SSF)、模拟胃消化液(SGF)和模拟肠消化液(SIF)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目摩尔浓度(mol/L)SSF(mL)SGF(mL)SIF(mL)
KCl0.623105610.8
KH2PO40.500101.81.6
NaHCO31.00021385
NaCl2.0530.52016
MgCl2(H2O)60.1480.542.2
NH4Cl0.5102
Urea0.3752.50.64.8
CaCl2(H2O)20.3000.750.0750.3
pH6.82.06.5
), ArticleFig(id=1320884055961359030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Simulate the kinetics of free fatty acid release during digestion

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样品动力学模型R2拟合方程
零级0.612y=−0.2717x+1.3419
配方粉一级0.8441y=−0.9343x−0.52
Higuchi0.9129y=0.3196x+12.574
零级0.5456y=−0.2182x+1.1935
配方粉+PEC一级0.8181y=−1.0624x−0.1
Higuchi0.9527y=0.3533x+12.131
零级0.0873y=−0.0208x+0.2622
产品1一级0.9431y=−0.5757x−1.4217
Higuchi0.971y=0.1371x+8.704
零级0.2679y=−0.0262x+0.2642
产品2一级0.8558y=−0.6979x−1.3233
Higuchi0.981y=0.1267x+9.4685
), ArticleFig(id=1320884056036856503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884048420000356, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

模拟消化过程中游离脂肪酸释放动力学

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品动力学模型R2拟合方程
零级0.612y=−0.2717x+1.3419
配方粉一级0.8441y=−0.9343x−0.52
Higuchi0.9129y=0.3196x+12.574
零级0.5456y=−0.2182x+1.1935
配方粉+PEC一级0.8181y=−1.0624x−0.1
Higuchi0.9527y=0.3533x+12.131
零级0.0873y=−0.0208x+0.2622
产品1一级0.9431y=−0.5757x−1.4217
Higuchi0.971y=0.1371x+8.704
零级0.2679y=−0.0262x+0.2642
产品2一级0.8558y=−0.6979x−1.3233
Higuchi0.981y=0.1267x+9.4685
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老年肌肉减少症全营养配方粉的体外模拟消化评价
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郑文建 1, 2 , 郭宇 1, 3 , 赵前程 3, * , 邱斌 1, *
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(8): 389-397
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食品工业科技 |营养与保健 2026 , 47 (8) : 389 -397
老年肌肉减少症全营养配方粉的体外模拟消化评价
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郑文建1, 2 , 郭宇1, 3, 赵前程3, * , 邱斌1, *
作者信息
  • 1山东省农业科学院农产品加工与营养研究所,山东济南 250000
  • 2南昌大学食品学院,江西南昌 330000
  • 3大连海洋大学食品科学与工程学院,辽宁大连 116023
通讯作者:
赵前程(1966−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品营养与安全,E-mail:。
邱斌(1982−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:营养感知与食品创制,E-mail:。
作者简介:

郑文建(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品质量与安全,E-mail:

In Vitro Simulated Digestion Evaluation of Full Nutrition Formula Powder for Sarcopenia in the Elderly
Wenjian ZHENG1, 2 , Yu GUO1, 3, Qiancheng ZHAO3, * , Bin QIU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Institute of Food Processing and Nutrition, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan 250000, China
  • 2College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
  • 3College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
出版时间: 2026-04-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030252
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本文针对老年肌肉减少症生理特点创新设计了一款全营养配方粉,并根据老年人胃肠消化特点,通过体外模拟口腔-胃-肠消化系统,评估老年全营养配方粉的消化特性。实验调整消化液pH及酶活性(α-淀粉酶、胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶),测定模拟消化后蛋白质含量、固形物含量、脂肪酸释放动力学、流变学特性及微观结构变化。结果表明,配方粉在模拟消化过程中蛋白质含量显著下降,经胃肠阶段消化后,配方粉消化率达到97.22%;配方粉固形物含量在胃阶段显著降低(约50%),肠阶段保持稳定且配方粉固形物含量最低;脂肪酸释放符合一级动力学模型,前40 min模拟肠消化阶段释放率显著升高;流变特性显示表观黏度随消化进程逐渐下降,粒径分析表明大分子物质被有效分解(P<0.05),配方粉表现出更好地消化特性;微观结构显示大分子物质逐步降解,脂质主要在小肠阶段被消化。研究揭示了该配方粉在老年模拟胃肠环境中的有效消化吸收特性,为老年营养配方粉优化提供科学依据。

老年  /  肌肉减少症  /  全营养配方粉  /  体外模拟消化

This paper innovatively designed a full-nutrition formula powder based on the physiological characteristics of sarcopenia in the elderly. According to the digestive features of the elderly, an in vitro simulation of the oral-gastric-intestinal digestion system was conducted to evaluate the digestive properties of the full-nutrition formula powder for the elderly. The experiment adjusted the pH value and enzyme activity (α-amylase, pepsin, trypsin) of the digestive fluid, and measured the protein content, solid content, fatty acid release kinetics, rheological properties and microstructure changes after simulated digestion. The results showed that the protein content of the formula powder decreased significantly during the simulated digestion process. After digestion in the stomach and intestinal stages, the digestion rate of the formula powder reached 97.22%. The solid content of the formula powder decreased significantly (about 50%) in the stomach stage, remained stable in the intestinal stage, and reached the lowest level. The release of fatty acids conformed to the first-order kinetic model, and the release rate increased significantly in the first 40 minutes of the simulated intestinal digestion stage. Rheological properties showed that the apparent viscosity gradually decreased with the progress of digestion, and particle size analysis indicated that macromolecular substances were effectively decomposed (P<0.05), demonstrating better digestive properties of the formula powder. Microscopic structure showed that macromolecular substances were gradually degraded, and lipids were mainly digested in the small intestine stage. The study revealed the effective digestion and absorption characteristics of the formula powder in the simulated gastrointestinal environment of the elderly, providing a scientific basis for the optimization of full-nutrition formula powder for the elderly.

elderly  /  sarcopenia  /  complete nutritional formula powder  /  in vitro simulated digestion
郑文建, 郭宇, 赵前程, 邱斌. 老年肌肉减少症全营养配方粉的体外模拟消化评价. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (8) : 389 -397 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030252
Wenjian ZHENG, Yu GUO, Qiancheng ZHAO, Bin QIU. In Vitro Simulated Digestion Evaluation of Full Nutrition Formula Powder for Sarcopenia in the Elderly[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (8) : 389 -397 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030252
随着全球老龄化进程加速,老年人群的营养健康问题已成为公共卫生领域的重要挑战。肌少症是一种与年龄相关的肌肉质量和功能下降疾病,主要引起老年人运动功能障碍,生活质量下降,并增加家庭及社会的经济负担[1]。有研究发现衰老过程中消化通道特性受损、慢性萎缩性胃炎和神经系统功能障碍可能会延迟蛋白质消化[2],从而导致老年人肌少症的增加[3]。蛋白质摄入不足是肌少症患者营养不良的首要因素。张林英等[4]在文章中指出蛋白质的有效摄取,对肌肉蛋白的增加及肌肉流失的减少有积极影响,长期蛋白质缺乏会导致免疫功能低下、肌少症以及骨质疏松等疾病发生概率的增加[5]。此外,氨基酸如谷氨酰胺[6]、瓜氨酸[7]等也对肌少症有不同程度的积极影响。HMB作为亮氨酸的代谢产物,被国内外研究有力证实可以改善肌肉质量[8−9],更有专家共识建议补充HMB对肌少症具有有效的防治作用[10]。此外,多种维生素如维生素E[11]、维生素K[12]和维生素C[13]等可在不同方面参与肌少症的防治。因此开发适用于老年肌少症患者的营养补充产品进行相关的营养补充,对老年人生活质量的提升和社会负担的减轻至关重要。
目前,人们针对老年人健康,设计了各种营养配方粉,如针对老年人肠道健康设计了一款营养配方粉[14]。但此类研究主要聚焦于配方粉的功能特性,对胃肠道消化实验部分研究较少,无法更好地评估配方粉在体内的消化和吸收效率。在过去的几十年里,人们对胃肠道消化过程的研究兴趣激增,且有几种体外消化模型可以作为临床试验的替代品,但大多数都集中于健康年轻人的消化条件[15]。虽然老年人的胃肠道特征与年轻人没有显著差异,但其消化系统呈现功能退化特征,具体表现为:咀嚼功能减弱、酶解消化功能衰退(基础胃蛋白酶分泌和胰酶分泌减少)、肠道动力减弱以及肠道微生物菌群发生改变[16]。针对老年人群消化吸收特点的产品评价研究报道较少。在老年营养产品的开发中,亟需建立符合老年生理特点的消化评价体系,以科学评估营养素的消化吸收效率,从而为产品设计优化和实际应用效果提供理论依据。
本文旨在开发针对老年肌少症的全营养配方粉,并重点突出强化亮氨酸、HMB、维生素D及MCT等营养素的补充,并针对老年人胃肠消化环境,调整消化液pH及消化酶活力,进行体外消化模拟实验。评价产品配方粉模拟消化后蛋白质含量变化、固形物含量变化、脂肪酸释放和流变学特性等指标,科学评估老年人群对配方粉的消化效率,为制定营养配方粉提供理论依据。
乳清蛋白粉 郑州金诺生物科技有限公司;大豆蛋白粉 万德福食品有限股份公司;亚麻籽油 西安拓丰生物科技有限公司;葵花籽油 西安百川生物科技有限公司;麦芽糊精 山东西王生物食品有限公司;低聚果糖 山东百龙创园生物科技股份有限公司;佳膳优选特殊医学用途全营养粉 雀巢健康科学(中国)有限公司;特爱启瑞特殊医学用途全营养配方粉 青岛圣桐营养食品有限公司;低脂果胶LA-S10 广州健科生物科技有限公司;中碳链甘油三酯(MCT) 广州汇龙生物科技有限公司;β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸钙(HMB) 上海申凯生物科技有限公司;复合维生素、复合矿物质 山东豫之兴生物科技有限公司;氯化钾、磷酸二氢钾、碳酸氢钠、氯化钠、氯化镁、氯化铵、尿素、氯化钙、氯化氢、氢氧化钠 分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司;α-淀粉酶(酶活性≥40000 U/g) 索莱宝生物科技有限公司;胃蛋白酶(酶活性≥250 U/mg) 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;胰蛋白酶(酶活性>250 USP U/mg) 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;胆盐(胆酸含量>75%) 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司。
HH-21-8电热恒温水浴锅 常州诺基仪器有限公司;HZK-FA210分析天平 华志电子科技有限公司;SHA-B恒温振荡器 南汉麟仪器设备有限公司;SynergyH1M酶标仪 美国伯腾仪器有限公司;V型干粉混合机 上海天阖机械设备有限公司;WYT-15手持折射仪 山东济泰机械制造有限公司;Waters-HR20流变仪 美国TA仪器沃特斯公司;BT-2001激光粒度仪 丹东百特仪器有限公司;DHG-92435-Ⅲ 电热恒温鼓风干燥箱 上海新苗医疗器械制造有限公司;EVOS M700 智能荧光纤维成像系统 Thermo Fisher Scientific。
2022年《老年肌少症患者营养管理的最佳证据总结》[17]推荐肌少症患者的目标能量摄入为83.72~125.58 kJ/(kg·d)。《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)》[18]推荐三大营养素供能比的范围为:蛋白质10%~15%;脂肪20%~30%;碳水化合物50%~65%。《特殊医学用途配方食品通则》[19]指出,蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物各自相应的能量系数为17、37、17 kJ/g(膳食纤维的能量系数,按照碳水化合物能量系数的50%计算)。本配方总能量设计为1943.5 kJ/100 g,每日摄入300 g便可达到患者目标能量。
蛋白质在防治老年肌少症中有至关重要的地位。《中国老年患者肠外肠内营养应用指南(2020)》[20]推荐老年人蛋白质供给量为1.2~1.5 g·kg−1·d−1,且结合LUIKING等[21]的随机试验,推荐老年肌少症的营养配方中乳清蛋白的比例应占60%或以上。研究表明,动植物蛋白联合摄入更容易达到较高的氨基酸评分[22],所以本配方选择乳清蛋白和大豆蛋白联合提供于肌少症有益的氨基酸。《中国老年人肌少症诊疗专家共识(2021)》[23]推荐亮氨酸的最低摄入量是55 mg·kg−1·d−1,乳清蛋白中亮氨酸含量约为10%,因此在满足功能要求的基础上,乳清蛋白占总蛋白60%以上足以满足患者每天亮氨酸的摄取。且有研究提出存在肌肉损失或营养风险的老年人,一般HMB剂量以每天3 g多见[24],因此本配方粉中HMB用量设计为1 g/100 g。
我国特医食品通则对10岁以上全营养配方食品要求亚油酸供能比应不低于2.0%;ɑ-亚麻酸供能比应不低于0.5%[25]。中国营养学会对多不饱和脂肪酸n-6/n-3的合理比例建议为(4~6):1[20]。n-3对肌少症有着积极影响,在中国营养学会提出的观点基础上,本配方设计多不饱和脂肪酸n-6/n-3比值为4:1。结合亚麻籽油和葵花籽油中多不饱和脂肪酸的含量,最终设计配方中葵花籽油和亚麻籽油的用量比为4:1。研究表明,MCT可促使大量的脂肪酸被用于骨骼肌的能量生产[26],日常饮食中,晚餐额外摄取6 g MCT,可使身体虚弱的老年患者肌肉状况得到改善。在满足脂肪酸需求的前提下,设计MCT用量为6 g/100 g。
碳水化合物是主要的供能来源。世界卫生组织推荐膳食纤维摄入量为25~35 g/d。本研究的碳水化合物部分采用麦芽糊精和低聚果糖,添加量分别为35.89 g/100 g和9.00 g/100 g。
《老年人肌少症口服营养补充中国专家共识(2019)》[27]建议肌少症患者维生素D补充剂量为15~20 μg/d(600~800 U/d)。根据《特殊医学用途配方食品通则》[25]对10岁以上人群的全营养配方食品能量、供能比和营养素用量的规定,结合近年来老年肌少症指南、共识的推荐[10,20,27],在满足老年肌少症营养需求的基础上,设计原料用量,并在此基础上根据实际情况进行调整。最终确定各原料添加量如表1所示。
综合产品原料形态及工艺流程考虑,本研究选取干法工艺对配方粉进行混合。参考麻开香等[28]的特殊医学用途配方食品干法混合工艺,选用预混料工艺,将微量元素和主料分别进行预混,再将两种预混料进行干混得到成品全营养配方粉。具体干混参数为:转速24 r/m,混合时间40 min。具体操作步骤如下:首先将主要营养素来源原料乳清蛋白粉、大豆蛋白粉、HMB、亚麻籽油、葵花籽油、麦芽糊精、低聚果糖和MCT粉混合均匀得到预混料1;然后将复合维生素和复合矿物质混合均匀得到预混料2;最后将主要营养素 和矿物质维生素混合均匀,得到成品全营养配方粉。
全营养配方粉原料中由于大豆蛋白难溶于水,脂肪冲调后容易上浮,矿物质容易沉降等因素,造成粉剂冲调后出现分层现象,且冲调后的产品黏度较低。因此本实验对比考察了添加低酯果胶(pectin,PEC 2%)作为增稠剂与不添加PEC配方粉体外模拟消化情况,并以市售产品特爱启瑞特殊医学用途全营养配方粉(产品1)、佳膳优选特殊医学用途全营养粉(产品2)作为对照。
参考邓雷雨[29]的方法,稍作修改,模拟老年人口腔消化液(SSF)、胃消化液(SGF)和肠道消化液(SIF),制备方法如表2所示。
按照表2进行配制模拟老年人口腔消化液(SSF),将20 mL冲调后配方粉(配方粉:水=1:3)与20 mL SSF(α-淀粉酶活性为300 U/mL)混合,在37 ℃条件下按100 r/min搅拌30 s。
按照表2配制老年人模拟胃消化液(SGF)。将从1.2.2.3制得的口腔消化产物与SGF(胃蛋白酶活性为750 U/mL)以1:1的体积混合,该比例设计旨在模拟人体消化道中食糜与消化液的生理混合比例,将混合液固定在恒温振荡器,37 ℃条件下按20 r/min振荡120 min。在30、60、90、120 min进行取样进行后续指标测定,并分别命名为G30、G60、G90、G120。
按照表2配制老年人模拟肠消化液(SIF)。将从1.2.2.4制得的胃消化产物与SIF(胰蛋白酶活性为46 U/mL,胆盐浓度为2.67 mmol/L)以1:1的体积混合,固定在恒温振荡器,37 ℃条件下按20 r/min振荡180 min。在30、60、90、120、150、180 min进行取样进行后续指标测定,并分别命名为I30、I60、I90、I120、I150、I180。
参考SN/T 3926-2014《出口乳、蛋、豆类食品中蛋白质含量的测定 考马斯亮蓝法》中蛋白含量测定方法,稍作修改。在此基础上计算蛋白质消化率,计算公式如下所示:
$ 蛋白质消化率(\text{%})=100\times \frac{{\text{c}}_{\text{1}}-{\text{c}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{c}}_{\text{1}}} $
式中:c1表示未消化时的蛋白质含量,mg;c2表示消化结束后的蛋白质含量,mg。
将收集到的消化产物利用手持折射仪测定其中固形物含量。
参考MAREFATI等[30]的方法,稍作修改。在体外模拟胃消化过程中,以0、5、10、15、20、30、40、60、80、100和120 min为时间间隔;在体外模拟肠消化过程中,以0、5、10、15、20、30、40、60、80、100、120、150和180 min为时间间隔,从模拟胃和肠期取等分试样。使用NaOH将每个样品的pH滴定至7.0,并记录所用NaOH的浓度和体积,可得到游离脂肪酸释放率(free fatty acids,FFAs),计算如公式所示:
$\rm FFAS(\text{%})=100\times \frac{{\text{V}}_{\text{NaOH}}\text{×}{\text{c}}_{\text{NaOH}}\text{×}{\text{W}}_{\text{脂肪}}}{\text{2×}{\text{m}}_{\text{脂肪}}} $
式中:VNaOH表示消耗掉NaOH的体积,L;cNaOH表示NaOH的浓度,mol/L;W脂肪表示油脂的摩尔质量,g/mol;m脂肪表示2 g配方粉中油脂的质量,g。
参考TAMNAK等[31]的方法,稍作修改。采用流变仪对冲调后的配方粉流变特性进行了测试,实验夹具:锥形板;直径:40 mm;角度:2°;间距:0.7 mm;测试温度:25 ℃;平衡时间:3 min。当剪切速率从0.1增加到100 s−1时,测量样品的表观剪切黏度(N=3)。
采用激光粒度仪测量,得到中位径大小结果。每个样品设置三组平行实验。
将消化后样品进行尼罗红染色后,置于荧光显微成像系统显微镜下进行形态变化观察。
每个实验分别对四种样品进行三组以上平行测量,并以平均值±标准偏差(X±SD)表示实验结果;用IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0软件,对实验数据进行单因素方差分析;使用Astra 8.0工作站软件进行蛋白分子量数据分析;利用Origin Pro 2021针对数据分析结果绘制相应图表。
在模拟老年人口腔-胃-肠消化过程中,蛋白质含量的变化是评估食品消化特性和营养保留能力的重要指标。蛋白质含量的降低反映了蛋白质在消化过程中的分解程度,而消化率则表示蛋白质被分解为可吸收形式的比例。较高的消化率通常意味着蛋白质在消化过程中被更有效地分解和吸收,这对于老年人的营养摄入尤为重要[15]。图1显示了四种样品在模拟老年人口腔-胃-肠消化过程中蛋白质含量的变化。由图可知,随着模拟消化的进行,配方粉、配方粉+PEC、产品1和产品2中蛋白质含量均明显下降,由原始样品到模拟口腔消化阶段,蛋白含量降低最显著(P<0.05),四种产品中蛋白质含量分别降低了68.43%、76.42%、45.74%和74.98%。在模拟胃消化阶段,蛋白含量降至最低,直到模拟肠消化阶段,蛋白含量无显著变化(P>0.05),由图2显示在模拟肠消化阶段四种样品消化率分别达到了97.22%、91.80%、97.36%和98.71%。
蛋白质在消化过程中的降解主要依赖于消化酶的作用,如唾液中的唾液淀粉酶、胃中的胃蛋白酶和肠中的胰蛋白酶等。这些酶在不同的消化阶段被激活,逐步将蛋白质分解为小肽和氨基酸,从而提高其生物利用率。在胃模拟阶段蛋白质含量降至最低,这可能与胃酸刺激有关,胃壁细胞分泌的胃蛋白酶原经胃酸激活成胃蛋白酶后,在胃中对蛋白质大分子进行消化[32]。肠模拟阶段蛋白质含量变化不明显,可能是因为随着蛋白质大分子逐渐被分解后,在肠道内以小分子蛋白、多肽及游离氨基酸为主,且根据老年体外模拟消化配方推测,随着年龄增长胰腺退化[33],胰蛋白酶分泌量下降。四种样品中配方粉、产品1、产品2均表现出较好的消化率,有利于老年人的消化吸收。
固形物含量的动态变化是评估食品基质消化特性和营养生物利用度的关键指标。研究表明,固形物含量的降低直接反映了食物基质在消化过程中的结构解离程度和营养物质的释放效率,这一过程在胃和肠阶段表现尤为显著[34]。
图3显示了模拟老年人口腔-胃-肠消化过程中样品固形物含量的变化,配方粉、配方粉+PEC、产品1和产品2均在胃消化30 min时的固形物含量均显著降低(P<0.05),且配方粉和添加PEC后的配方粉表现出更低的固形物含量,分别降低了50.00%和48.65%。说明样品中蛋白质在胃阶段被大量消化,这与2.1中蛋白质的结果一致。随着消化进一步进行,可以看出在肠道消化阶段,由于胰酶的出现,固形物含量变化基本保持稳定[29],并且配方粉和配方粉+PEC固形物含量均小于产品1和产品2,配方粉固形物含量为最低,这说明经过胰酶的作用蛋白质等物质被进一步消化,配方粉表现出了较好的消化性。
游离脂肪酸释放率是评估脂质消化效率的关键参数,以下为样品中游离脂肪酸分别在模拟胃消化阶段(图4)和肠消化阶段(图5)的释放情况。由图4可知,在模拟胃消化阶段,游离脂肪酸释放率主要在前30 min显著升高(P<0.05),而后达到平衡;由图5可知,在模拟肠消化阶段,游离脂肪酸释放率随消化时间显著升高(P<0.05),前40 min脂肪被迅速分解,且2 h内未达到平衡,可能是因为胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶的水解作用增加了脂肪分子的暴露和聚集,进而延长了胰酶的作用时间[35−36],这也利于脂质的进一步消化吸收[37]。
表3为配方粉、配方粉+PEC、产品1和产品2在模拟老年人口腔-胃-肠消化过程中游离脂肪酸释放的动力学模型、拟合方程及其决定系数R2。本实验结合了零级动力学模型、一级动力学模型和Higuchi模型进行拟合分析,由表可知,4个样品游离脂肪酸的释放百分比与3种模型的吻合趋势一致。本实验配方粉零级方程模型的决定系数最低,R2=0.612;一级模型方程为y=−0.9343x−0.52,R2=0.8441,与数据百分比吻合良好;Higuchi模型的决定系数最高,R2=0.9129,以上表明冲调后产品是缓释体系[38]。
在老年消化模型中,流变特性的变化可反映食物组分(如蛋白质、多糖)在消化酶作用下的结构解离程度及营养释放效率。配方粉、配方粉+PEC、产品1和产品2在模拟老年人口腔-胃-肠消化过程中的流变学特性如图6所示。四种样品在不同消化阶段中的表观黏度均随着剪切速率的增大而降低,这一结果与曹宸瑀等[39]的实验结果较为相同。这表明样品在经过消化后仍保存非牛顿行为下切稀流体(假塑性)的特性[40],且随着消化时间的增长,样品表观黏度逐渐下降,这可能是由于在消化过程中,蛋白质以及脂肪的降解导致固形物含量的降低进而造成黏度的降低[29]。
在老年消化模型中,粒径的减小直接反映大分子物质(如蛋白质、脂质)在酶作用下的水解程度,其变化趋势与营养物质的生物可及性密切相关。配方粉、配方粉+PEC、产品1和产品2在模拟老年人口腔-胃-肠消化过程中的粒径变化如图7所示。由图可知,配方粉和配方粉+PEC的粒径相较于产品1和产品2较大,可能是在加工过程中混合不充分,导致某些营养成分如蛋白质发生大颗粒富集。随着消化进行,配方粉和配方粉+PEC在口腔、胃和肠中消化后的粒径均显著性减小(P<0.05),而产品1和产品2在口腔阶段和胃阶段消化后未呈现较明显的变化,直至肠阶段消化后粒径减小的程度最大。在口腔阶段主要是唾液酶作用导致初始颗粒破碎,进入胃消化阶段后胃酸和胃蛋白酶协同破坏蛋白质网络,导致蛋白质基质降解,粒径进一步降低,最后在肠消化阶段胰酶和胆汁酸盐乳化作用进一步减小颗粒尺寸。由此可见,配方粉和配方粉+PEC在模拟口腔阶段到肠消化阶段均能够和各类酶反应,促进蛋白质、脂质等大分子物质的消化降解,具有较好的消化特性。
微观结构变化是评估食品基质在消化过程中物理形态演变的关键指标,配方粉、配方粉+PEC、产品1和产品2在模拟消化过程中的微观结构变化如图8所示。相比两个对照产品,本实验配方粉的初始形态存在较大颗粒,添加了PEC的配方粉则表现出更为复杂的微观结构。进入口腔消化阶段(Oral)后,微观形态发生明显改变,直到胃消化阶段(Stomach),由于胃蛋白酶的作用,大分子蛋白被水解,暴露出油滴发生聚集[41],这一类似现象在Zhu等[42]的体外消化研究中也有出现;而图中小肠消化阶段(Intestine)显示被染色脂质明显减少,说明脂质主要在小肠阶段被消化。
配方粉、配方粉+PEC、产品1和产品2在模拟老年人体外消化过程中的形态变化如图9所示。在原始状态,配方粉呈现均匀悬浮状态,说明其分散性较好。在口腔阶段各组的浊度上升,可能与唾液黏蛋白聚集作用有关。在胃阶段(G30→G120)配方粉出现明显浊度下降和底部沉淀,说明由于胃蛋白酶的作用,蛋白质水解引发油滴聚集。添加了胶体的配方粉表现出更少的沉淀,具有更好的稳定性,在肠阶段始终保持颜色均匀,也能够说明其具有更良好的稳定性。
本研究针对老年肌肉减少症人群的生理特点,创新性地开发了一款全营养配方粉。该产品通过科学搭配关键营养素,在满足全面营养需求的同时,特别优化了消化吸收特性:选用快速消化的乳清蛋白与植物蛋白复合配方以提高蛋白质利用率;添加中链甘油三酯(MCT)促进脂肪吸收;采用低能量易分解碳水化合物及PEC低酯果胶等特殊膳食纤维,在保障肠道健康的同时减轻消化负担。这一设计不仅针对性地强化了与肌肉合成代谢相关的营养素补充,更通过优化营养素的形态与配比,显著提升了老年人群对营养素的吸收效率,为改善肌肉减少症提供了创新的营养解决方案。本研究通过体外模拟老年人消化环境,系统分析了配方粉、配方粉+PEC、对照产品1及产品2的消化特性。
实验结果显示:消化过程中各样品蛋白质含量均呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05),经胃肠阶段消化后,四组样品蛋白质消化率分别达到97.22%、91.80%、97.36%和98.71%;固形物含量在模拟胃消化阶段出现明显下降,而在模拟肠消化阶段趋于稳定,且配方粉和添加PEC后的配方粉表现出更低的固形物含量,分别降低了50.00%和48.65%;游离脂肪酸释放动力学显示,脂肪在模拟肠消化阶段前40 min内快速分解,其释放规律与一级动力学模型高度吻合;流变学特性与粒径分析表明,样品表观黏度随消化进程逐渐下降,平均粒径显著减小;微观结构观察进一步证实,样品形态随消化时间推移发生显著改变,配方粉表现出更好的稳定性。
综上所述,老年肌肉减少症全营养配方粉可被高效分解并具备良好的消化特性,且其消化特性达到与市售2款全营养特医产品的水平。然而影响老年人消化吸收作用的因素较为复杂,且配方粉中的营养素在被摄入后能否被吸收、转化并能发挥所期望的效果是本研究后续需要重点关注的研究方向。本研究将通过细胞、动物及临床相关研究重点关注营养素对老年肌肉减少症的改善效果及肠道菌群对营养素吸收的调控机制等并开展相关研究,为老年肌肉减少症提供科学依据和营养支持。

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2026年第47卷第8期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030252
  • 接收时间:2025-03-18
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-18
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    1山东省农业科学院农产品加工与营养研究所,山东济南 250000
    2南昌大学食品学院,江西南昌 330000
    3大连海洋大学食品科学与工程学院,辽宁大连 116023

通讯作者:

赵前程(1966−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品营养与安全,E-mail:。
邱斌(1982−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:营养感知与食品创制,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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