Article(id=1320884030556455614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883859747615068, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020169, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740326400000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852893723, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1773504000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852893723, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852893723, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852893723, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883859747615068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='505', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773504000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852852999, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852852999, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=359, endPage=368, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320884031013634752, articleId=1320884030556455614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Functional Component Contents, Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of Turnip Roots with Different Peel Colors, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To evaluate the differences in functional component contents as well as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects among turnip roots with different peel colors, colorimetric methods were employed to determine the contents of polysaccharides, flavonoids, saponins, glucosinolates, and polyphenols in extracts from white-, purple-, and yellow-peeled turnips. An LPS-induced inflammatory model was established using RAW264.7 cells to assess the effects of turnip extracts with different peel colors on the viability of RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and on the levels of inflammatory mediators (NO, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β). Meanwhile, the in vitro antioxidant activities (DPPH· and ABTS+· radical scavenging assays) of the three types of turnip peel extracts were preliminarily evaluated. Results showed that polysaccharide contents were 28.35, 9.97, and 7.43 g/100 g in purple-, white-, and yellow-peeled turnips, respectively. Corresponding values of 0.159, 0.156, and 0.201 g/100 g were obtained for flavonoid levels; 3.67, 3.40, and 4.50 g/100 g for saponin contents; 1.14, 2.13, and 1.54 g/100 g for glucosinolate concentrations; and 500.7, 318.05, and 313.3 g/100 g for polyphenol levels. The extracts of purple, white, and yellow-peeled turnips contributed to a significant enhancement of cell viability (P<0.05) and effectively suppressed the levels of inflammatory factors induced by LPS, including NO, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. The DPPH· scavenging rates of extracts were 47.26%, 38.10%, and 63.42%, respectively, whereas those of ABTS+· reached 81.18%, 87.30%, and 99.73%, respectively. This study provides critical experimental evidence for elucidating the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of turnips and the structure-activity relationships of their bioactive components, while also offering scientific references for the diversified development and utilization of turnip resources.

, authors=YIMURANJIANG·Subuhati1, Yuting CHENG2, Miaomiao WANG1, Jiaxin YANG1, He TIAN1, Muchun LI1, *, Jinxi GUO3, *, authorsList=YIMURANJIANG·Subuhati, Yuting CHENG, Miaomiao WANG, Jiaxin YANG, He TIAN, Muchun LI, Jinxi GUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Muchun LI, Jinxi GUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320884034570404566, articleId=1320884030556455614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=不同皮色芜菁块根功能成分含量及抗炎、抗氧化作用, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为评价不同皮色芜菁块根功能成分含量及抗炎、抗氧化作用差异,利用比色法测定白皮、紫皮、黄皮芜菁提取物中多糖、黄酮、皂苷、硫代葡萄糖苷和多酚含量,并通过LPS诱导建立RAW264.7细胞炎症模型,测定不同皮色芜菁提取物对脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharide,LPS)刺激的RAW264.7细胞活性和炎症因子的含量,同时初步评价三种皮色芜菁体外抗氧化作用。结果表明,紫皮、白皮、黄皮芜菁的多糖含量分别为28.35、9.97、7.43 g/100 g;黄酮含量分别为0.159、0.156、0.201 g/100 g,皂苷含量分别为3.67、3.40、4.50 g/100 g,硫代葡萄糖苷含量分别为1.14、2.13、1.54 g/100 g,多酚含量分别为500.7、318.05、313.3 g/100 g;紫皮、白皮、黄皮芜菁提取物均能提升细胞活力(P<0.05),并有效抑制LPS诱导产生的NO、IL-6、TNF-α和IL-1β等炎症因子的水平。白皮、紫皮、黄皮芜菁提取物对DPPH·清除率分别为47.26%、38.10%、63.42%,对ABTS+·清除率分别为81.18%、87.30%、99.73%。本研究为深入探讨芜菁的抗炎机制及其功能成分的构效关系提供了重要的实验依据,同时也为芜菁资源的多元化开发利用提供了科学参考。

, authors=伊木然江·苏布哈提1, 成昱廷2, 王苗苗1, 杨佳欣1, 田合1, 李慕春1, *, 郭金喜3, *, authorsList=伊木然江·苏布哈提, 成昱廷, 王苗苗, 杨佳欣, 田合, 李慕春, 郭金喜, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李慕春, 郭金喜, authorNote=

伊木然江·苏布哈提(1995−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:天然产物提取分离与活性评价,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
李慕春(1978−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:天然产物化学及功能食品研究,E-mail:。
郭金喜(1981−),男,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向:食品检测及监管,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=lVU9dMv4xVhMNq5Iq5ZrdQ==, magXml=S50KwuFjSry3BY6VYYBJTA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=JBopC5y288NRjZxhrSbRhw==, pdfFileSize=5404458, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=koJajJhOQoKsUjCxLA6WIQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=RF4G7/ltAR6HEfgz3FQrpQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320884035023389409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1213195499@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320884035098886883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, authorId=1320884035023389409, language=EN, stringName=YIMURANJIANG·Subuhati, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Science and Technology Resources Sharing Service Centre (SRS), Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety Testing for Characteristic Functional Foods, Urumqi 830011, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320884035165995748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, authorId=1320884035023389409, language=CN, stringName=伊木然江·苏布哈提, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1新疆维吾尔自治区科技资源共享服务中心,新疆特色功能食品营养与安全检测重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011, bio={"content":"

伊木然江·苏布哈提(1995−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:天然产物提取分离与活性评价,E-mail:

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伊木然江·苏布哈提(1995−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:天然产物提取分离与活性评价,E-mail:

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Food Chemistry, 2025, 479: 143778., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320884034767536855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884034775925464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, companyId=1320884034767536855, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Science and Technology Resources Sharing Service Centre (SRS), Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety Testing for Characteristic Functional Foods, Urumqi 830011, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884034784314073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, companyId=1320884034767536855, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1新疆维吾尔自治区科技资源共享服务中心,新疆特色功能食品营养与安全检测重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320884034838840026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884034847228635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, companyId=1320884034838840026, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group Jiangsu HAI-CI Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884034855617244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, companyId=1320884034838840026, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2扬子江药业集团江苏海慈生物药业有限公司,江苏泰州 225300)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320884034939503325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884034947891934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, companyId=1320884034939503325, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Quality Infrastructure Development Research Institute, Urumqi 830011, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884034956280543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, companyId=1320884034939503325, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3新疆维吾尔自治区质量基础发展研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320884039087670029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Images of Xinjiang turnip roots with different skin colors, figureFileSmall=IJq+hQFctH9Gg6vNC0MvFw==, figureFileBig=koJajJhOQoKsUjCxLA6WIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884039154778894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同皮色新疆芜菁块根图片

注:从左至右分别是白皮、紫皮、黄皮芜菁块根。

, figureFileSmall=IJq+hQFctH9Gg6vNC0MvFw==, figureFileBig=koJajJhOQoKsUjCxLA6WIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884039318356751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Results of polysaccharide content, figureFileSmall=FaU4wkPgq++Yv4+Ox2MuYQ==, figureFileBig=eE8CczHwej41bGdIaEUEbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884039389659920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, language=CN, label=图2, caption=多糖含量结果

注:图中*表示两组之间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),**表示两组之间差异显著(P<0.01),***表示两组之间差异较为显著(P<0.001),****表示差异极显著(P<0.0001),ns表示两组之间差异不具有统计学意义,图2~图6同。

, figureFileSmall=FaU4wkPgq++Yv4+Ox2MuYQ==, figureFileBig=eE8CczHwej41bGdIaEUEbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884039465157393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Results of flavonoid content determination, figureFileSmall=2XDManJqIocE2YKfv9fdXA==, figureFileBig=cV5bjqxH3cGr1+tJZKnUTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884039536460562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, language=CN, label=图3, caption=黄酮含量测定结果, figureFileSmall=2XDManJqIocE2YKfv9fdXA==, figureFileBig=cV5bjqxH3cGr1+tJZKnUTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884039599375123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Results of saponin content, figureFileSmall=UuIN473rXzDk08JvFAfD5w==, figureFileBig=0VrxVllcyJ1iqjfWFvq3Iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884039670678292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, language=CN, label=图4, caption=皂苷含量结果, figureFileSmall=UuIN473rXzDk08JvFAfD5w==, figureFileBig=0VrxVllcyJ1iqjfWFvq3Iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884039754564373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Results of glucosinolate content, figureFileSmall=G6q7bIg2/M1nkgU1VtkUwg==, figureFileBig=7vatgoW8UO08kbu13xTILw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884039817478934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, language=CN, label=图5, caption=硫代葡萄糖苷含量结果, figureFileSmall=G6q7bIg2/M1nkgU1VtkUwg==, figureFileBig=7vatgoW8UO08kbu13xTILw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884041470034711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Determination results of polyphenol content, figureFileSmall=VezINCRQhW2k9MN4XHwnyQ==, figureFileBig=4nwOWtP3GZhSBOvbSCOV0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884041570698008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, language=CN, label=图6, caption=多酚含量测定结果, figureFileSmall=VezINCRQhW2k9MN4XHwnyQ==, figureFileBig=4nwOWtP3GZhSBOvbSCOV0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884041646195481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Toxicity of extracts from turnips with different skin colors on RAW264.7 cells, figureFileSmall=M4JNE4IrsVd6lo9GkbcVuw==, figureFileBig=vThcQgOA56+eGWCf5cYtfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884041704915738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同皮色芜菁提取物对RAW264.7细胞的毒性

注:A、B、C分别为白皮、紫皮和黄皮芜菁提取物对RAW264.7细胞的毒性;图中*表示各组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),0 μg/mL即空白对照。

, figureFileSmall=M4JNE4IrsVd6lo9GkbcVuw==, figureFileBig=vThcQgOA56+eGWCf5cYtfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884041772024603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effects of extracts from turnips with different skin colors on the inflammatory model of RAW264.7 cells, figureFileSmall=kEnEeBel32HhN2M6+wmutw==, figureFileBig=nAtzTiOgcdBuxRe/IDmD1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884041855910684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同皮色芜菁提取物对RAW264.7细胞炎症模型的影响

注:A、B、C分别为白皮、紫皮、黄皮芜菁提取物对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症模型中细胞存活率的影响;D. 对照组RAW264.7细胞形态;E. LPS组细胞形态;F、G、H分别为白皮、紫皮、黄皮芜菁提取物处理LPS模型中RAW264.7细胞形态;*表示各组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),**表示各芜菁提取物处理组与LPS组之间具有显著统计学差异(P<0.01),ns表示两组间差异无统计学意义。

, figureFileSmall=kEnEeBel32HhN2M6+wmutw==, figureFileBig=nAtzTiOgcdBuxRe/IDmD1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884041918825245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Effects of extracts from turnips with different skin colors on inflammatory factors, figureFileSmall=177q+6PWhHr/IliPXLEjSg==, figureFileBig=zfxv3FOOHlewSM6nkEOPlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884042002711326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同皮色芜菁提取物对炎症因子的影响

注:A、B、C、D分别为不同皮色芜菁提取物对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症模型中NO、IL-6、TNF-α和IL-1β水平的影响;#表示LPS组与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);*表示地塞米松组和芜菁处理组与LPS组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);**表示给芜菁提取物处理组与LPS组之间具有显著统计学差异(P<0.01),ns表示两组间差异无统计学意义。

, figureFileSmall=177q+6PWhHr/IliPXLEjSg==, figureFileBig=zfxv3FOOHlewSM6nkEOPlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884042065625887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Comparison of the in vitro antioxidant effects of extracts from Turnips with different skin colors, figureFileSmall=SkPDJowTxUjasHtA6Bbcrw==, figureFileBig=V81L8gCxKLYOYR8SCUAMcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884042153706272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884030556455614, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同皮色芜菁提取物体外抗氧化作用的比较

注:**表示两组之间差异显著(P<0.01),****表示两组之间差异极显著(P<0.001)。

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不同皮色芜菁块根功能成分含量及抗炎、抗氧化作用
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伊木然江·苏布哈提 1 , 成昱廷 2 , 王苗苗 1 , 杨佳欣 1 , 田合 1 , 李慕春 1, * , 郭金喜 3, *
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(6): 359-368
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食品工业科技 |营养与保健 2026 , 47 (6) : 359 -368
不同皮色芜菁块根功能成分含量及抗炎、抗氧化作用
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伊木然江·苏布哈提1 , 成昱廷2, 王苗苗1, 杨佳欣1, 田合1, 李慕春1, * , 郭金喜3, *
作者信息
  • 1新疆维吾尔自治区科技资源共享服务中心,新疆特色功能食品营养与安全检测重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
  • 2扬子江药业集团江苏海慈生物药业有限公司,江苏泰州 225300
  • 3新疆维吾尔自治区质量基础发展研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
通讯作者:
李慕春(1978−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:天然产物化学及功能食品研究,E-mail:。
郭金喜(1981−),男,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向:食品检测及监管,E-mail:。
作者简介:

伊木然江·苏布哈提(1995−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:天然产物提取分离与活性评价,E-mail:

Functional Component Contents, Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of Turnip Roots with Different Peel Colors
YIMURANJIANG·Subuhati1 , Yuting CHENG2, Miaomiao WANG1, Jiaxin YANG1, He TIAN1, Muchun LI1, * , Jinxi GUO3, *
Affiliations
  • 1Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Science and Technology Resources Sharing Service Centre (SRS), Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety Testing for Characteristic Functional Foods, Urumqi 830011, China
  • 2Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group Jiangsu HAI-CI Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
  • 3Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Quality Infrastructure Development Research Institute, Urumqi 830011, China
出版时间: 2026-03-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020169
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为评价不同皮色芜菁块根功能成分含量及抗炎、抗氧化作用差异,利用比色法测定白皮、紫皮、黄皮芜菁提取物中多糖、黄酮、皂苷、硫代葡萄糖苷和多酚含量,并通过LPS诱导建立RAW264.7细胞炎症模型,测定不同皮色芜菁提取物对脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharide,LPS)刺激的RAW264.7细胞活性和炎症因子的含量,同时初步评价三种皮色芜菁体外抗氧化作用。结果表明,紫皮、白皮、黄皮芜菁的多糖含量分别为28.35、9.97、7.43 g/100 g;黄酮含量分别为0.159、0.156、0.201 g/100 g,皂苷含量分别为3.67、3.40、4.50 g/100 g,硫代葡萄糖苷含量分别为1.14、2.13、1.54 g/100 g,多酚含量分别为500.7、318.05、313.3 g/100 g;紫皮、白皮、黄皮芜菁提取物均能提升细胞活力(P<0.05),并有效抑制LPS诱导产生的NO、IL-6、TNF-α和IL-1β等炎症因子的水平。白皮、紫皮、黄皮芜菁提取物对DPPH·清除率分别为47.26%、38.10%、63.42%,对ABTS+·清除率分别为81.18%、87.30%、99.73%。本研究为深入探讨芜菁的抗炎机制及其功能成分的构效关系提供了重要的实验依据,同时也为芜菁资源的多元化开发利用提供了科学参考。

芜菁  /  多糖  /  黄酮  /  抗炎  /  抗氧化

To evaluate the differences in functional component contents as well as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects among turnip roots with different peel colors, colorimetric methods were employed to determine the contents of polysaccharides, flavonoids, saponins, glucosinolates, and polyphenols in extracts from white-, purple-, and yellow-peeled turnips. An LPS-induced inflammatory model was established using RAW264.7 cells to assess the effects of turnip extracts with different peel colors on the viability of RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and on the levels of inflammatory mediators (NO, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β). Meanwhile, the in vitro antioxidant activities (DPPH· and ABTS+· radical scavenging assays) of the three types of turnip peel extracts were preliminarily evaluated. Results showed that polysaccharide contents were 28.35, 9.97, and 7.43 g/100 g in purple-, white-, and yellow-peeled turnips, respectively. Corresponding values of 0.159, 0.156, and 0.201 g/100 g were obtained for flavonoid levels; 3.67, 3.40, and 4.50 g/100 g for saponin contents; 1.14, 2.13, and 1.54 g/100 g for glucosinolate concentrations; and 500.7, 318.05, and 313.3 g/100 g for polyphenol levels. The extracts of purple, white, and yellow-peeled turnips contributed to a significant enhancement of cell viability (P<0.05) and effectively suppressed the levels of inflammatory factors induced by LPS, including NO, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. The DPPH· scavenging rates of extracts were 47.26%, 38.10%, and 63.42%, respectively, whereas those of ABTS+· reached 81.18%, 87.30%, and 99.73%, respectively. This study provides critical experimental evidence for elucidating the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of turnips and the structure-activity relationships of their bioactive components, while also offering scientific references for the diversified development and utilization of turnip resources.

Brassica rapa L.  /  polysaccharides  /  flavonoids  /  anti-inflammatory  /  antioxidant
伊木然江·苏布哈提, 成昱廷, 王苗苗, 杨佳欣, 田合, 李慕春, 郭金喜. 不同皮色芜菁块根功能成分含量及抗炎、抗氧化作用. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (6) : 359 -368 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020169
YIMURANJIANG·Subuhati, Yuting CHENG, Miaomiao WANG, Jiaxin YANG, He TIAN, Muchun LI, Jinxi GUO. Functional Component Contents, Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of Turnip Roots with Different Peel Colors[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (6) : 359 -368 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020169
芜菁(Brassica rapa L.)是十字花科芸苔属两年生草本,广泛分布于中国新疆、西藏、青海等高海拔地区[1−3]。在新疆芜菁被叫作恰玛古,主产于新疆的天山西南及塔里木盆地西北地区[4]。作为一种生长在特定环境中的植物,它适应了当地独特的地理和气候条件,展现出顽强的生命力,其貌不扬的外表下却蕴含着丰富的营养价值[5]。
芜菁按照根部皮色可以分为白皮、紫皮和黄皮[6],如图1所示,其外观通常呈球形或扁圆形,表皮颜色呈白色、紫色或黄色。芜菁可以熟食或通过泡酸菜来食用,也可以被加工成各种美食为餐桌增添独特的风味[7]。芜菁根部富含多糖、硫代葡萄糖苷、多酚、黄酮及有机酸类等功能成分[8],具有舒胸顺气、健胃消食、解毒、抑菌等丰富的药用价值,被当地居民用来治疗气管炎、食欲不振、体虚多梦、腹泻和疮疖肿毒等疾病和症状,因此,芜菁被当地人誉为“新疆小人参”[9−10]。
芜菁的现代药理学研究表明,芜菁具有抗癌[11−12]、抗菌[13]、免疫刺激[14],肾脏保护[15],保护肺损伤[16],预防缺氧脑肺水肿[17−18]和预防骨质疏松症[4]等作用。此外,流行病学研究显示,食用芸苔属蔬菜与患慢性病的风险呈负相关,尤其是心血管疾病、癌症、阿尔茨海默病、白内障和与年龄有关的功能衰退[19−20]。
尽管对芜菁的化学成分或生物活性相关已有较多的研究,但以上报道大部分以某一品种的芜菁作为受试对象进行实验研究,尚无文献报道有关不同皮色芜菁块根功能成分含量以及抗炎抗氧化作用相关的研究。岳丽等[21]通过顶空气相-离子迁移色谱对三种皮色芜菁根进行挥发性成分的分析,发现不同颜色芜菁的特征挥发性化合物组成和含量存在明显差异,紫色芜菁中挥发性化合物种类最少,白色芜菁中最多,提示三种皮色芜菁其他功能性成分及活性可能也存在显著差异。
因此,本研究以新疆不同皮色芜菁块根作为研究对象,考察不同皮色芜菁根中多糖、硫代葡萄糖苷、黄酮、皂苷和多酚等功能成分的含量差异,利用脂多糖(LPS)建立RAW264.7细胞验证模型,检测白细胞介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素-1β(Interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor Necrosis Factor-α,TNF-α)和一氧化氮(NO)含量,评价不同皮色芜菁块根多糖成分对体外炎症模型的作用,通过DPPH和ABTS法比较不同皮色芜菁块根体外抗氧化作用差异,筛选出最具抗炎和抗氧化作用的芜菁皮色,为芜菁根在功能保健、食品应用及膳食营养搭配等方面提供参考依据。
芜菁(Brassicarapa L.) 采自中国新疆维吾尔自治区阿克苏地区柯坪县;胎牛血清(FBS)和DMEM高糖培养基 美国Gibco公司;青-链霉素混合液 碧云天公司;PBS 上海Cytiva公司;脂多糖 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;小鼠IL-6 ELISA试剂盒、小鼠TNF-α ELISA试剂盒、小鼠IL-1β ELISA试剂盒、CCK8试剂盒 武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司;一氧化氮(NO)检测试剂盒 碧云天生物科技有限公司;黄芪多糖(纯度≥98.0%) 四川省维克奇生物科技有限公司;芦丁(纯度≥95%) 成都曼思特生物科技有限公司;薯蓣皂苷(纯度≥98.5%) 坛墨质检-标准物质中心;萝卜硫苷(纯度≥98%) 成都健腾生物技术有限公司;没食子酸(纯度≥99%) Stanford analytical chemicals Inc;苯酚(分析纯) 天津市福晨化学试剂厂;浓硫酸(分析纯)、乙醇(分析纯)、甲醇(分析纯)、冰乙酸(分析纯) 天津市致远化学试剂有限公司;D-葡萄糖(纯度≥99.0%) 德国Dr.Ehrenstorfer公司;氢氧化钠(分析纯)、亚硝酸钠(分析纯)、三氯化铝(分析纯)、香草醛(分析纯) 成都市科隆化学品有限公司。
HS-11-1数显恒温水浴锅 上海博迅实业有限公司医疗设备厂;Braotum612-10n电子天平、BSA124A-CW电子天平 赛多利斯科学仪器(北京)有限公司;SpectraMaxi3多功能微孔板检测系统 美谷分子仪器;37XB三目倒置显微镜 上海光学仪器六厂;3311二氧化碳培养箱 赛默飞世尔科技有限公司;SF-TGL-16M高速离心机 上海菲恰尔分析仪器有限公司;RT-02A高速粉碎机 荣聪精密科技有限公司;Alpha2-4 LDplus冷冻干燥机 德国CHRIST公司。
将不同皮色芜菁块根经切块、粉碎至0.1~0.2 cm颗粒,利用冷冻干燥机进行干燥、粉碎,过80目筛制成粉末状待用。
称取10.0 mg黄芪多糖标准品,加蒸馏水定容至10 mL,得到浓度为1 mg/mL的黄芪多糖标准品溶液[22]。分别精密量取黄芪多糖标准品溶液0.0、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8和1.0 mL于7支10 mL具塞试管中加入蒸馏水定容至1 mL。分别加体积分数5%的苯酚试剂0.32 mL和浓硫酸1 mL,充分混匀后,90 ℃水浴反应25 min,用冰水冷却至室温后,在480 nm测吸光度A。随后将浓度C作为横坐标(X,mg/mL),以吸光度A为纵坐标Y,绘制线性回归得标准曲线(Y=2.7184X+0.0731,R2=0.9984)。
分别准确称取0.1 g不同皮色芜菁样品粉末于10 mL离心管中加5 mL蒸馏水,摇匀,用超声提取法提取0.5 h(条件:600 W,25 ℃),摇匀、过滤、蒸馏水定容至5 mL。在滤液中加入冰乙醇20 mL(乙醇终体积分数约为80%)摇匀,进行醇沉。随后样品离心5 min(转速10000 r/min)、弃上清,沉淀中加入15 mL蒸馏水,摇匀溶解(必要时超声助溶)即得不同皮色芜菁多糖供试品溶液。取100 μL多糖供试品溶液,加入体积分数为5%的苯酚溶液0.32 mL和浓硫酸1 mL,充分摇匀后,90 ℃水浴反应25 min,用冰水冷却至室温后,在480 nm处检测吸光度,每个样品重复3次。按照公式(1)计算样品中总多糖的含量,以g/100 g计。
$\rm X(g/100\;g)= \frac{\mathrm{C}\times \mathrm{f}\times \mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{M}\times 1000}\times 100 $
式中:X:试样中多糖含量,g/100 g;C:供试液中多糖浓度,mg/mL;f:供试液稀释因子;V:提取体积,mL;M:样品质量,g。
精密称取芦丁对照品10.0 mg,用甲醇溶解并定容至10 mL,再取一定量稀释成100 μg/mL标准储备液,2~8 ℃保存备用。精密吸取芦丁标准储备液0、2、5、10、20、30、40、60 μL于96孔酶标板上,分别加入质量分数10%的三氯化铝(AlCl3)溶液80 μL,每孔在加入甲醇至200 μL,用移液器吹吸20次使充分混匀。随后样品于45 ℃避光反应20 min后,410 nm波长处测定吸光度值。以芦丁浓度(μg/mL)为横坐标,吸光度值为纵坐标,绘制标准曲线(Y=0.0038X−0.0024,R2=0.9992)。
精密称取不同皮色芜菁粉末各0.1 g,加入5 mL体积分数为70%的乙醇,超声提取0.5 h(条件:600 W,25 ℃),摇匀、过滤,收集滤液作为供试品溶液。精密吸取供试液100 μL于96孔酶标板中,加入80 μL质量分数为10%的AlCl3溶液和20 μL甲醇,用移液器反复吹吸20次充分混匀后,在45 ℃培养箱中反应20 min,于410 nm波长测定吸光度,每个样品重复3次。按式(2)计算供试液中黄酮的含量,以g/100 g计。
$\rm X(g/100\;g)= \frac{\mathrm{C}\times \mathrm{f}\times \mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{M}\times {10}^{6}}\times 100 $
式中:X:试样中总黄酮含量,g/100 g;C:供试液中黄酮浓度,μg/mL;f:供试液稀释因子;V:提取体积,mL;M:样品质量,g。
精密称取薯蓣皂苷标准品10.0 mg,甲醇溶解并定容至10 mL,即得到1.0 mg/mL的薯蓣皂苷标准品溶液。精密吸取薯蓣皂苷标准品溶液0、10、50、100、200、300、400、500、600、700、800 μL置于10 mL离心管中,通风橱中挥干后,加入0.2 mL质量分数5%的香草醛(用质量分数35%的冰乙酸配置)溶液和0.8 mL高氯酸(HClO4)充分混匀后,于60 ℃水浴中反应10 min,待各标准溶液冷却至室温,加入5 mL冰乙酸,充分混匀后精密吸取200 μL加入到96孔酶标板上,于550 nm处测定吸光度。以吸光度为纵坐标、薯蓣皂苷标准品溶液质量(μg)为横坐标绘制标准曲线(Y=0.0008X+0.0591,R2=0.9994)。
精密吸取1.2.3.2中的供试品溶液200 μL至10 mL离心管,在通风处中自然挥干,加入0.2 mL质量分数5%的香草醛冰乙酸溶液和0.8 mL高氯酸(HClO4)充分混匀后,在60 ℃水浴反应10 min,供试品溶液冷却至室温,加入5 mL冰乙酸,充分混匀后精密吸取200 μL加到酶标板上,在550 nm波长下测定吸光度,每个样品重复3次。按公式(3)计算含量,以g/100 g计。
$\rm X(g/100\;g)= \frac{\mathrm{C}\times \mathrm{f}\times \mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{M}\times {10}^{6}}\times 100 $
式中:X:试样中总皂苷含量,g/100 g;C:供试液中皂苷含量,μg;f:供试液稀释因子;V:提取体积,mL;M:样品质量,g。
精密称取萝卜硫苷标准品10.0 mg,加水溶解并定容至10 mL,摇匀,即得质量浓度为1.0 mg/mL的萝卜硫苷标准品溶液。精密吸取萝卜硫苷标准品溶液0、1、2、5、10、20、30、40、50 μL置于96孔酶标板上,每孔分别加水至80 μL,用移液器吹吸混匀,每孔加入质量分数为0.1%的羧甲基纤维素钠溶液80 μL,再加入0.71 g/L氯化钯显色剂40 μL,吹吸混匀20次,室温条件下反应3 h后,于520 nm处测定吸光度。以吸光度为纵坐标、萝卜硫苷标准品溶液质量(μg)为横坐标绘制标准曲线(Y=0.0039X+0.0475,R2=0.9992)。
精密吸取1.2.3.2中的供试品溶液80 μL,置于96孔酶标板上,加入质量分数为0.1%的羧甲基纤维素钠溶液80 μL,再加入0.71 g/L氯化钯显色剂40 μL,吹吸混匀20次,室温条件下反应3 h后,于520 nm处测定吸光度,按照公式(4)计算样品中硫代葡萄糖苷的含量,以g/100 g计。
$\rm X(g/100\;g)= \frac{\mathrm{C}\times \mathrm{f}\times \mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{M}\times {10}^{6}}\times 100 $
式中:X:试样中总硫代葡萄糖苷含量,g/100 g;C:总硫代葡萄糖苷含量,μg;f:供试液稀释因子;V:提取体积,mL;M:样品质量,g。
精密称取没食子酸标准品10.0 mg溶解并定容至10 mL,作为没食子酸标准品溶液。将没食子酸标准溶液分别精密吸取0、2、5、10、20、30、40 μL于96孔酶标板上,依次加入蒸馏水至100 μL,再加入20 μL福林-酚试剂和质量分数10%的碳酸钠(Na2CO3)溶液80 μL,用移液器反复吹吸20次充分混匀,在45 ℃培养箱中反应60 min,冷却至室温后,于765 nm波长条件测定吸光度值。以没食子酸浓度(μg/mL)为横坐标,吸光度值为纵坐标,绘制标准曲线Y=0.0269X+0.0696,R2=0.9978。
精密吸取1.2.3.2中的供试品溶液10 μL至96孔酶标板,依次加入90 μL蒸馏水、20 μL福林-酚试剂和80 μL质量分数10%的 Na2CO3溶液,吹吸20次充分混匀后在45 ℃培养箱中反应60 min,冷却至室温后,于765 nm波长条件下检测吸光度,每组重复3次,按公式(5)计算供试液中多酚含量,以g/100 g计。
$\rm X(g/100\;g)= \frac{\mathrm{C}\times \mathrm{f}\times \mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{M}\times {10}^{6}}\times 100 $
式中:X:试样中总多酚含量,g/100 g;C:供试液中总多酚浓度,μg/mL;f:供试液稀释因子;V:提取体积,mL;M:样品质量,g。
将冻存的RAW 264.7细胞复苏,用含10%胎牛血清和1%青-链霉素的DEME高糖培养基于37 ℃、5% CO2饱和湿度的培养箱中培养,当细胞生长至80%~90%融合率时,以1:2~1:4比例进行传代培养,每隔2~3 d换液一次,待细胞进入对数增长期后方可进行下一步实验。
称取100 mg课题组前期已制备好的不同皮色芜菁根提取物冻干粉末,加入2 mL灭菌水配制成50 mg/mL母液,后续实验将其稀释成目标浓度后用于细胞处理。
为了评估不同皮色芜菁的细胞毒性并确定其后续作用细胞的浓度,将RAW 264.7细胞(5×104个/孔)接种到96孔板中,并在37 ℃、含5% CO2环境中培养16~18 h。然后,加入不同质量浓度的不同皮色芜菁提取物溶液(10、25、50、100、200、400、800、1000 μg/mL)处理24 h。最后,加入CCK-8试剂处理2 h后450 nm处测定吸光度,按公式(6)计算细胞活力。
$\rm \mathrm{细胞存活率(\text{%})=[(As-Ab)/(Ac-Ab)]\times 100} $
式中:As:实验孔吸光度;Ac:对照孔吸光度;Ab:空白孔吸光度。
将RAW 264.7细胞(5×104个/孔)接种于96孔板,设空白组、模型组、阳性对照组和药物组,培养16~18 h。空白组用含0.05% DMSO的完全培养基,模型组用含1 μg/mL的LPS的完全培养基,阳性对照组用共含有1 μg/mL的LPS和10 μg/mL地塞米松的完全培养基处理24 h,药物处理组细胞分别用含1 μg/mL的LPS和100、200、400、800 μg/mL的不同皮色芜菁根提取物的完全培养基共同处理24 h,每组4个复孔。最后,加入CCK-8试剂处理2 h后450 nm处测定吸光度,按公式(6)计算细胞活力。
将RAW 264.7细胞以每孔5×104个细胞密度接种于96孔板,按照1.2.7.3项下描述的方法进行处理后,吸取细胞上清液,按照NO分泌量检测试剂盒说明书进行测定。
将RAW264.7细胞以1×105个/mL细胞密度接种于24孔板,设空白组、模型组、阳性对照组和药物组,每组重复3个复孔,培养16~18 h后按照1.2.7.3方法进行给药处理24 h后,收集细胞上清液,以3000 r/min离心20 min,收集上清液待用。最后,按照ELISA试剂盒说明书方法测定不同处理组细胞上清液中IL-6、TNF-α和IL-1β的含量。
分别取30 μL不同浓度芜菁提取物溶液(0.5、1、2、4、6、8、10 mg/mL),加入180 μL浓度100 μmol/L DPPH-无水乙醇溶液等体积比充分混匀,于酶标板加盖避光,室温静置使其反应40 min,随后在516 nm波长处测定吸光度值,每个样品重复3次,按公式(7)计算DPPH自由基清除率R(%)。
$\rm R(\text{%})=\left(1- \frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{1}-{\mathrm{A}}_{2}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{0}} \right)\times 100 $
式中:A0:空白对照吸光度值;A1:样品组吸光度值;A2:无DPPH的样品液吸光度值
分别取30 μL不同浓度芜菁提取物溶液(0.5、1、2、4、6、8、10 mg/mL),加入180 μL浓度100 μmol/L ABTS溶液混合,于酶标板加盖避光,室温静置使其反应40 min,随后在734 nm波长处测定吸光度值,每个样品重复3次。按公式(8)进行计算ABTS+自由基清除率R(%)。
$\rm R(\text{%})=\left(1- \frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{1}-{\mathrm{A}}_{2}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{0}} \right)\times 100 $
式中:A0:空白对照光度值;A1:样品组的吸光度值;A2:无ABTS的样品的吸光度值。
采用Graphpad Prisim 9.0和Origin 2019软件对实验数据结果进行统计学分析及绘图,每个实验结果至少重复三次,所有数据均用均数±标准差表示,多组间均数比较采用单因素方差(One-way ANOVA),P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
黄芪多糖浓度(mg/mL)与吸光度的线性关系和不同皮色芜菁多糖含量测定的结果见图2。黄芪多糖标准曲线为Y=2.7184X+0.0731(R2=0.9984),通过苯酚-硫酸法测得紫皮、白皮、黄皮芜菁块根多糖平均含量分别为28.35、9.97、7.43 g/100 g,RSD值均小于10%。如图2所示,三种皮色芜菁多糖含量经两两比较,紫皮芜菁块根中多糖含量最高,其差异极显著(P<0.0001),是白皮和黄皮芜菁多糖含量的2.5~3.5倍。白皮和黄皮进行比较,白皮芜菁多糖含量高于黄皮(P<0.05)。
芦丁浓度(μg/mL)与吸光度的线性关系和不同皮色芜菁黄酮含量测定的结果见图3。芦丁标准曲线为Y=0.0038X−0.0024(R2=0.9992),通过AlCl3法测得紫皮、白皮、黄皮芜菁块根黄酮平均含量分别为0.159、0.156、0.201 g/100 g。如图3所示,三种皮色芜菁块根中黄皮芜菁的黄酮含量最高,其差异与紫皮和白皮相比较为显著(P<0.001),紫皮和白皮芜菁黄酮含量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
薯蓣皂苷质量(μg)与吸光度的线性关系和不同皮色芜菁皂苷含量测定的结果见图4。薯蓣皂苷标准曲线为Y=0.0008X+0.0591(R2=0.9994),通过香草醛比色法测得紫皮、白皮、黄皮芜菁块根总皂苷平均含量分别为3.67、3.40、4.50 g/100 g。经两两比较,与紫皮和白皮芜菁相比黄皮芜菁皂苷含量最高(P<0.05),紫皮和白皮之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
萝卜硫苷质量(μg)与吸光度的线性关系和不同皮色芜菁硫代葡萄糖苷含量测定的结果见图5。萝卜硫苷标准曲线为Y=0.0039X+0.0475(R2=0.9992),利用氯化钯显色法测得紫皮、白皮、黄皮芜菁中硫代葡萄糖苷平均含量分别为1.14、2.13、1.54 g/100 g。在三种皮色中白皮芜菁硫代葡萄糖苷含量最高,与其余两组相比差异较显著(P<0.01),黄皮与紫皮芜菁相比具有更高的硫代葡萄糖苷含量,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
没食子酸浓度(μg/mL)与吸光度的线性关系和不同皮色芜菁块根中多酚含量测定的结果见图6。没食子酸标准曲线为Y=0.0269X+0.0696(R2=0.9978),利用福林-酚法测得紫皮、白皮、黄皮芜菁块根中多酚平均含量分别为500.7、318.05、313.3 g/100 g。可以发现,与白皮和黄皮芜菁相比紫皮芜菁中多酚含量最高,其差异较显著(P<0.001),白皮和黄皮芜菁之间多酚含量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
采用CCK-8法测定了不同皮色芜菁提取物对RAW264.7细胞毒性的作用,结果如图7所示。与对照组比较三种皮色芜菁提取物均在10~1000 μg/mL浓度范围内,细胞存活率呈现递增的趋势,没有出现毒性作用。可以发现,从100 μg/mL开始细胞增长率骤增,表现出显著的细胞增值作用,因此选择100、200、400 μg/mL作为后续实验的低、中、高给药剂量。
如图8所示,不同皮芜菁对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症模型中,对细胞存活率的影响。与对照组比较,加入LPS共同处理RAW264.7细胞后,LPS组中细胞存活率有微弱的下降趋势,但是其差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。为了进一步确认建模是否成功,用倒置显微镜对对照组和LPS组的细胞进行了形态观察,发现与对照组相比,LPS组细胞形态发生明显的变化。如图8D和图8E所示,对照组细胞呈圆形、状态饱满和透亮,无伪足,经LPS处理后圆形细胞数量变少,细胞由圆形变成长梭形,伪足明显增多。如图8F~图8H所示,经200 μg/mL白皮、紫皮、黄皮芜菁提取物处理后,与LPS组比较,细胞形态明显改善,圆形、饱满、透亮的活细胞数量明显增多。申文静等[23]评价牧蒿提取物对RAW264.7细胞炎症模型时发现,模型组经LPS处理后RAW264.7细胞发生显著的变化,与对照组相比,大部分细胞由圆形变成长梭形状态,且细胞伪足明显增多,此结果与本研究一致,说明模型建立成功。如图8A、图8B、图8C所示,与LPS组比较,地塞米松阳性对照组细胞活力明显升高(P<0.05),当LPS与100、200、400 μg/mL浓度的不同皮色芜菁提取物共同处理细胞后,均能够使细胞活性显著升高(P<0.05),呈剂量依赖性。
如图9所示,不同皮色芜菁提取物对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症模型中,细胞因子分泌水平的影响。与对照组相比,LPS组中的NO、IL-6、TNF-α和IL-1β水平显著增加(P<0.05)。与LPS组相比,地塞米松阳性对照组和100、200、400 μg/mL浓度不同皮色芜菁提取物能够显著降低NO、IL-6、TNF-α和IL-1β等炎症因子水平(P<0.05),且紫皮和白皮芜菁的抑制炎症因子的作用呈现剂量依赖性。可以发现,与白皮和黄皮比较紫皮芜菁提取物与LPS共同处理时IL-6、TNF-α和IL-1β的水平更低,提示在三种皮色中紫皮芜菁的抑制炎症因子作用最强。
对三种皮色芜菁提取物体外抗氧化能力进行了比较,如图10所示,白皮、紫皮、黄皮芜菁提取物对DPPH·清除率分别为47.26%±0.76%、38.10%±0.27%、63.42%±0.35%,对ABTS+·清除率分别为81.18%、87.30%、99.73%。可以发现,黄皮芜菁提取物的DPPH·和ABTS+·清除率最高,说明黄皮芜菁的抗氧化作用最强。结合含量测定结果,黄皮芜菁表现出更强的抗氧化作用可能与其更高的黄酮和皂苷含量有关。
长期慢性炎症会增加心血管系统、代谢和神经退行性疾病以及癌症的风险[24−25]。脂多糖(LPS)刺激RAW264.7细胞产生的IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α被认为是促进炎症反应最重要的细胞因子,可导致急性炎症性疾病和组织损伤[26],这种过多的促炎细胞因子可导致全身性炎症。因此,抑制促炎细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的表达可以减轻炎症反应,也是预防或治疗炎症相关疾病的重要策略。
芜菁作为一种药食同源类植物,所含的多糖、黄酮、皂苷、硫代葡萄糖苷等功效成分与其多种药理活性有很大关系[6,27]。多糖的抗炎作用已被广泛报道,其可通过抑制NF-κB通路减少NO、IL-6等炎症因子的释放[24,28]。本研究中紫皮芜菁的多糖(28.35 g/100 g)和多酚(500.7 g/100 g)含量显著高于其他两组(P<0.001),同时紫皮芜菁提取物也显著降低LPS诱导的IL-6、TNF-α和IL-1β水平(P<0.05)且呈剂量依赖性,并且考虑到多糖是水溶性较强的成分,因此,推测紫皮芜菁在RAW264.7炎症模型中表现出的最强抗炎活性可能与其富含的多糖和多酚成分密切相关。黄酮类化合物通过提供氢原子中和自由基[29],而皂苷则通过增强抗氧化酶活性发挥作用[30]。本研究中黄皮芜菁的体外抗氧化活性较其余两组高,可能与其更高的黄酮(0.201 g/100 g)和皂苷(4.50 g/100 g)含量有关,这也表明黄皮芜菁在抗氧化功能食品开发中具有潜力。白皮芜菁的硫代葡萄糖苷含量(2.13 g/100 g)显著高于其他两组(P<0.01),硫代葡萄糖苷的降解产物(如异硫氰酸盐)已被证实具有抗癌和抗微生物活性[11,21,31],但其在本研究中的抗炎作用较弱,提示其活性可能依赖于特定代谢途径或与其他成分的协同效应,需进一步研究。
三种皮色中紫皮芜菁提取物对IL-6和TNF-α的抑制效果尤为显著(P<0.05),可能与多糖通过TLR4/MyD88信号通路抑制NF-κB活化有关[24]。值得注意的是,黄皮芜菁虽抗氧化能力最强,但其抗炎活性弱于紫皮芜菁,提示抗氧化与抗炎活性的分子机制可能存在差异,需要进一步研究证实。
本研究结果表明,不同皮色芜菁的功能成分含量及生物活性存在显著差异。紫皮芜菁的多糖和多酚含量最高,其提取物在RAW264.7细胞炎症模型中表现出最强的抗炎活性,黄皮芜菁的黄酮和硫代葡萄糖苷含量较高,并展现出最优的自由基清除能力,白皮芜菁则以硫代葡萄糖苷含量最为突出。基于上述结果,紫皮芜菁可能更适合用于抗炎功能产品的开发,黄皮芜菁可作为抗氧化食品的优选原料,而白皮芜菁在硫代葡萄糖苷相关研究中具有独特价值。本研究为芜菁的功能性成分研究与高值化利用提供了科学依据,未来可进一步探究其功能成分的协同作用及体内代谢机制。

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2026年第47卷第6期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020169
  • 接收时间:2025-02-24
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-03-15
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作者信息
    1新疆维吾尔自治区科技资源共享服务中心,新疆特色功能食品营养与安全检测重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
    2扬子江药业集团江苏海慈生物药业有限公司,江苏泰州 225300
    3新疆维吾尔自治区质量基础发展研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011

通讯作者:

李慕春(1978−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:天然产物化学及功能食品研究,E-mail:。
郭金喜(1981−),男,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向:食品检测及监管,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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