Article(id=1320883989154484389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883558764359808, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743609600000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852883852, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1776182400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852883852, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852883852, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852883852, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883558764359808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1776182400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852781239, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852781239, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=417, endPage=426, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320883989397754022, articleId=1320883989154484389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Preparation of Wheat Germ Extract and Its Proliferative Activity on Cells, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To achieve deep processing and high-value utilization of wheat germ, this study prepared wheat germ extract (WGE) and analyzed its effects on cell proliferation activity. This study prepared WGE using a wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system. The major components of WGE were further analyzed by LC-MS/MS and HPGPC. Additionally, the growth-promoting effects of WGE on RAW264.7 cells and PC12 cells were investigated. The molecular mechanism underlying its pro-proliferative effect was explored using low-serum cell culture conditions and Western blotting. The results indicated that WGE is rich in proteins and polysaccharides. Among the proteins, those involved in protein synthesis regulation and exhibiting oxidoreductase activity were predominant. The primary monosaccharide components of the polysaccharides were galactose and glucose. WGE exhibited pro-proliferative effects on both RAW264.7 and PC12 cells. Under extremely low serum concentrations, WGE effectively ameliorated growth arrest in both cell types. Treatment with 160 µg/mL WGE increased the proliferation activity of RAW264.7 cells by 29.26% and PC12 cells by 29.05%. Additionally, WGE promoted cell proliferation by upregulating the expression of Ki67 and Cyclin-D1 proteins in both cell lines. These findings demonstrated that WGE can function as a natural, functional cell growth promoter. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the nutraceutical and functional applications of wheat germ.

, authors=Luanfeng WANG, Jiayu WANG, Wanyue ZHOU, Fang WANG, Haizhao SONG, Ling XIONG, Xinchun SHEN*, authorsList=Luanfeng WANG, Jiayu WANG, Wanyue ZHOU, Fang WANG, Haizhao SONG, Ling XIONG, Xinchun SHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xinchun SHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320883992925163709, articleId=1320883989154484389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=麦胚提取物的制备及其对细胞的增殖活性, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为实现小麦胚芽的精深加工与高值化利用,本研究制备了麦胚提取物(WGE)并分析了其对细胞增殖活性的影响,利用麦胚无细胞蛋白合成系统制备WGE,进一步采用液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS/MS)和高效凝胶渗透色谱法(HPGPC)分析了其中的主要组分,探究了WGE对RAW 264.7细胞和PC12细胞的生长促进作用,并采用低浓度血清细胞培养和Western blotting挖掘了其促增殖作用的分子机制。结果显示,WGE富含蛋白质与多糖,其中具有蛋白合成调节以及氧化还原酶活性的功能蛋白较多,且主要单糖组成为半乳糖和葡萄糖。WGE对RAW 264.7和PC12细胞均具有促增殖作用。在极低浓度血清条件下,能够有效改善RAW 264.7细胞和PC12细胞的生长阻滞,其中160 µg/mL的WGE干预可使RAW 264.7细胞增殖活性提高了29.26%,PC12细胞增殖活性提高了29.05%。此外,WGE通过增加两种细胞中Ki67与Cyclin-D1蛋白的表达,从而发挥促细胞增殖的作用。WGE可作为天然的功能性细胞生长促进剂,这为小麦胚芽的营养化和功能化应用提供了理论依据。

, authors=王銮凤, 王佳雨, 周婉玥, 汪芳, 宋海昭, 熊玲, 沈新春*, authorsList=王銮凤, 王佳雨, 周婉玥, 汪芳, 宋海昭, 熊玲, 沈新春, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=沈新春, authorNote=

王銮凤(1993−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:食品营养与健康,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
沈新春(1966−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品营养与健康,E-mail:。
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Nature, 2021, 592(7856): 799−803., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320883993122295998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989154484389, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883993130684607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989154484389, companyId=1320883993122295998, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883993139073216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989154484389, companyId=1320883993122295998, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=南京财经大学食品科学与工程学院,江苏省现代粮食流通与安全协同创新中心,江苏南京 210023)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320883997270462702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989154484389, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Results of SDS-PAGE, figureFileSmall=xgvt2j+kfQUQY0HKNcyJTQ==, figureFileBig=s+Aq0b110Ol0GC8dSJcVMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883997371125999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989154484389, language=CN, label=图1, caption=聚丙烯酰胺蛋白电泳结果, figureFileSmall=xgvt2j+kfQUQY0HKNcyJTQ==, figureFileBig=s+Aq0b110Ol0GC8dSJcVMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883997635367152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989154484389, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Protein total ion flow chromatogram, figureFileSmall=aaMtUCcfS1F4kvNAWQ1eMA==, figureFileBig=O6znrcP3Fq9RHCAK6kAzzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883997702476018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989154484389, language=CN, label=图2, caption=蛋白总离子流色谱图, figureFileSmall=aaMtUCcfS1F4kvNAWQ1eMA==, figureFileBig=O6znrcP3Fq9RHCAK6kAzzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883997773779187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989154484389, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Summary of protein functions, figureFileSmall=ExwV/3CMXFtjFTf6h9VzEA==, figureFileBig=FRC2zw0NTSy1yi15jXYpFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883997853470964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989154484389, language=CN, label=图3, caption=蛋白功能预测, figureFileSmall=ExwV/3CMXFtjFTf6h9VzEA==, figureFileBig=FRC2zw0NTSy1yi15jXYpFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883997928968437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989154484389, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=HPGPC chromatogram of WGE, figureFileSmall=buR0Tbsj6ZYDB8BRkQ4BjQ==, figureFileBig=MQcA4tu3zJYEevBnaHInsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883997996077302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989154484389, language=CN, label=图4, caption=WGE高效凝胶渗透色谱图, figureFileSmall=buR0Tbsj6ZYDB8BRkQ4BjQ==, figureFileBig=MQcA4tu3zJYEevBnaHInsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883998054797559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989154484389, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of WGE addition on cell viability of RAW 264.7 and PC12 cells, figureFileSmall=NjBxuF5G/+zFhZhFVdcCDQ==, figureFileBig=LaN2Tsludvadvf2HNmERcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883998117712120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989154484389, language=CN, label=图5, caption=小麦胚芽提取物对RAW 264.7和PC12细胞增殖活性的影响

注:A:RAW 264.7;B:PC12;-为对照组;#表示该组与对照组相比,具有显著差异P<0.05;##表示具有极显著差异P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=NjBxuF5G/+zFhZhFVdcCDQ==, figureFileBig=LaN2Tsludvadvf2HNmERcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883998214181113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989154484389, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of WGE on cell viability of RAW 264.7 cells cultured in culture medium with 5% FBS, figureFileSmall=/UcVGERrgEdBsIt8YHYUog==, figureFileBig=mobE9niCizS/J6kKFrW1kA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883998285484282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989154484389, language=CN, label=图6, caption=小麦胚芽提取物对5% FBS培养RAW 264.7细胞增殖活性的影响

注:A:24 h;B:48 h;C:72 h;-为对照组;#表示与只加入10% FBS的空白组相比,具有显著差异P<0.05;##表示具有极显著差异P<0.01;*表示与5% FBS对照组相比,具有显著差异P<0.05;**表示具有极显著差异P<0.01,图7同。

, figureFileSmall=/UcVGERrgEdBsIt8YHYUog==, figureFileBig=mobE9niCizS/J6kKFrW1kA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883998360981755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989154484389, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effects of WGE on cell viability of PC12 cells cultured in culture medium with 5% FBS, figureFileSmall=nYgi3jIZn1Gl6Og2EJ70bg==, figureFileBig=Wni0A9dCxfCUUX0shJBh4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883998453256444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989154484389, language=CN, label=图7, caption=小麦胚芽提取物对5% FBS培养PC12细胞增殖活性的影响, figureFileSmall=nYgi3jIZn1Gl6Og2EJ70bg==, figureFileBig=Wni0A9dCxfCUUX0shJBh4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883998524559613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989154484389, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effects of WGE on the protein expression of Ki67 and Cyclin D1 in RAW 264.7 cells cultured in culture medium with 5% FBS, figureFileSmall=2goxycfTUejTXKgpQ2a9Sw==, figureFileBig=a9eqZxSFiJl8nMSOfa5PBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883998587474174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989154484389, language=CN, label=图8, caption=小麦胚芽提取物对5% FBS培养的RAW 264.7细胞Ki67、Cyclin D1蛋白表达的影响

注:A:SDS-PAGE;B:RAW 264.7细胞中Ki67相对表达定量;C:RAW 264.7细胞中Cyclin D1相对表达定量。-为对照组;#表示与空白组相比,具有显著差异P<0.05;##表示具有极显著差异P<0.01;*表示与5% FBS对照组相比,具有显著差异P<0.05;**表示具有极显著差异P<0.01,图9同。

, figureFileSmall=2goxycfTUejTXKgpQ2a9Sw==, figureFileBig=a9eqZxSFiJl8nMSOfa5PBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883998679748863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989154484389, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Effects of WGE on the protein expression of Ki67 and Cyclin D1 in PC12 cells cultured in culture medium with 5% FBS, figureFileSmall=lCpmJA07Md5VDzNYylEqjA==, figureFileBig=eMh6WSMP3P2XtGIeCcZLVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883998751052032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989154484389, language=CN, label=图9, caption=小麦胚芽提取物对5% FBS培养的PC12细胞Ki67、Cyclin D1蛋白表达的影响

注:A:SDS-PAGE;B:PC12细胞中Ki67相对表达定量;C:PC12细胞中Cyclin D1相对表达定量。

, figureFileSmall=lCpmJA07Md5VDzNYylEqjA==, figureFileBig=eMh6WSMP3P2XtGIeCcZLVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883998851715329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989154484389, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Effects of WGE on cell viability of RAW 264.7 cells cultured in culture medium with 2% FBS, figureFileSmall=Il2sDDFap/9xSXxOgFE0Jw==, figureFileBig=Rpak4gpU7qL32VElRIGSxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883998935601410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989154484389, language=CN, label=图10, caption=小麦胚芽提取物对2% FBS培养RAW 264.7细胞增殖活性的影响

注:A. 24 h;B. 48 h;C. 72 h;-为对照组;#表示与空白组相比,具有显著差异P<0.05;##表示具有极显著差异P<0.01;*表示与2% FBS对照组相比,具有显著差异P<0.05;**表示具有极显著差异P<0.01,图11同。

, figureFileSmall=Il2sDDFap/9xSXxOgFE0Jw==, figureFileBig=Rpak4gpU7qL32VElRIGSxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883999015293187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989154484389, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Effects of WGE on cell viability of PC12 cells cultured in culture medium with 2% FBS, figureFileSmall=uIEe1sNgd5gc5i9mtoicGw==, figureFileBig=ALomHJHP1lLlNfVxSesFhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883999082402052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989154484389, language=CN, label=图11, caption=小麦胚芽提取物对2% FBS培养PC12细胞增殖活性的影响, figureFileSmall=uIEe1sNgd5gc5i9mtoicGw==, figureFileBig=ALomHJHP1lLlNfVxSesFhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883999174676741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989154484389, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Top 10 proteins by evaluation score

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
蛋白评分蛋白ID蛋白名称分子量 (kDa)氨基酸数
1A0A3B6A0K5embryonic protein DC-8-like73.121728
2P04568Em protein9.96393
3A0A3B5ZT54Low-temperature-induced protein61.331600
4A0A3B6NS49STI1 domain-containing protein65.023581
5F8RP11Hsp70-Hsp90 organizing protein65.097581
6W5D4Q6Phospholipase D92.048812
7A0A3B6GVC0embryonic protein DC-8-like43.199407
8A0A3B6HPZ5Heat shock cognate 70 kDa protein71.847657
9A0A3B6MJZ25methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate--homocysteine S-methyltransferase85.179770
10A0A0F7GA49WSI18 protein22.757225
), ArticleFig(id=1320883999237591302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989154484389, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

评分排序的前10种蛋白质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
蛋白评分蛋白ID蛋白名称分子量 (kDa)氨基酸数
1A0A3B6A0K5embryonic protein DC-8-like73.121728
2P04568Em protein9.96393
3A0A3B5ZT54Low-temperature-induced protein61.331600
4A0A3B6NS49STI1 domain-containing protein65.023581
5F8RP11Hsp70-Hsp90 organizing protein65.097581
6W5D4Q6Phospholipase D92.048812
7A0A3B6GVC0embryonic protein DC-8-like43.199407
8A0A3B6HPZ5Heat shock cognate 70 kDa protein71.847657
9A0A3B6MJZ25methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate--homocysteine S-methyltransferase85.179770
10A0A0F7GA49WSI18 protein22.757225
), ArticleFig(id=1320883999313088775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989154484389, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Top 10 proteins by peptide intensity

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
蛋白ID蛋白名称分子量 (kDa)氨基酸数蛋白丰度
A0A3B6KDG8NB-ARC domain-containing protein99.2788881.7417×1010
A0A3B6LH90RxN-terminal domain-containing protein111.3599891.7417×1010
A0A3B6MKK2disease resistance protein PIK6-NP-like136.70112141.7417×1010
A0A3B6RNW5Beta-1,2-xylosyltransferase XYXT1-like53.7294808.1559×109
A0A3B6KNF4Cupin type-1 domain-containing protein56.2425002.7578×109
A0A3B5YSB4Protein kinase domain-containing protein53.7292351.5613×109
W5BFB7Ribosomal protein uS1717.8021591.0557×109
A0A3B6MYZ0Cupin type-1 domain-containing protein55.1014929.149×108
W5FEX7Ribosomal protein L1524.4252049.0512×108
), ArticleFig(id=1320883999388586248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989154484389, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

按肽段强度排序的前10种蛋白质

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蛋白ID蛋白名称分子量 (kDa)氨基酸数蛋白丰度
A0A3B6KDG8NB-ARC domain-containing protein99.2788881.7417×1010
A0A3B6LH90RxN-terminal domain-containing protein111.3599891.7417×1010
A0A3B6MKK2disease resistance protein PIK6-NP-like136.70112141.7417×1010
A0A3B6RNW5Beta-1,2-xylosyltransferase XYXT1-like53.7294808.1559×109
A0A3B6KNF4Cupin type-1 domain-containing protein56.2425002.7578×109
A0A3B5YSB4Protein kinase domain-containing protein53.7292351.5613×109
W5BFB7Ribosomal protein uS1717.8021591.0557×109
A0A3B6MYZ0Cupin type-1 domain-containing protein55.1014929.149×108
W5FEX7Ribosomal protein L1524.4252049.0512×108
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麦胚提取物的制备及其对细胞的增殖活性
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王銮凤 , 王佳雨 , 周婉玥 , 汪芳 , 宋海昭 , 熊玲 , 沈新春 *
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(8): 417-426
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食品工业科技 |营养与保健 2026 , 47 (8) : 417 -426
麦胚提取物的制备及其对细胞的增殖活性
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王銮凤 , 王佳雨, 周婉玥, 汪芳, 宋海昭, 熊玲, 沈新春*
作者信息
  • 南京财经大学食品科学与工程学院,江苏省现代粮食流通与安全协同创新中心,江苏南京 210023
通讯作者:
沈新春(1966−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品营养与健康,E-mail:。
作者简介:

王銮凤(1993−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:食品营养与健康,E-mail:

Preparation of Wheat Germ Extract and Its Proliferative Activity on Cells
Luanfeng WANG , Jiayu WANG, Wanyue ZHOU, Fang WANG, Haizhao SONG, Ling XIONG, Xinchun SHEN*
Affiliations
  • College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
出版时间: 2026-04-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040009
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为实现小麦胚芽的精深加工与高值化利用,本研究制备了麦胚提取物(WGE)并分析了其对细胞增殖活性的影响,利用麦胚无细胞蛋白合成系统制备WGE,进一步采用液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS/MS)和高效凝胶渗透色谱法(HPGPC)分析了其中的主要组分,探究了WGE对RAW 264.7细胞和PC12细胞的生长促进作用,并采用低浓度血清细胞培养和Western blotting挖掘了其促增殖作用的分子机制。结果显示,WGE富含蛋白质与多糖,其中具有蛋白合成调节以及氧化还原酶活性的功能蛋白较多,且主要单糖组成为半乳糖和葡萄糖。WGE对RAW 264.7和PC12细胞均具有促增殖作用。在极低浓度血清条件下,能够有效改善RAW 264.7细胞和PC12细胞的生长阻滞,其中160 µg/mL的WGE干预可使RAW 264.7细胞增殖活性提高了29.26%,PC12细胞增殖活性提高了29.05%。此外,WGE通过增加两种细胞中Ki67与Cyclin-D1蛋白的表达,从而发挥促细胞增殖的作用。WGE可作为天然的功能性细胞生长促进剂,这为小麦胚芽的营养化和功能化应用提供了理论依据。

小麦胚芽提取物  /  细胞增殖  /  RAW 264.7细胞  /  PC12细胞  /  功能活性

To achieve deep processing and high-value utilization of wheat germ, this study prepared wheat germ extract (WGE) and analyzed its effects on cell proliferation activity. This study prepared WGE using a wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system. The major components of WGE were further analyzed by LC-MS/MS and HPGPC. Additionally, the growth-promoting effects of WGE on RAW264.7 cells and PC12 cells were investigated. The molecular mechanism underlying its pro-proliferative effect was explored using low-serum cell culture conditions and Western blotting. The results indicated that WGE is rich in proteins and polysaccharides. Among the proteins, those involved in protein synthesis regulation and exhibiting oxidoreductase activity were predominant. The primary monosaccharide components of the polysaccharides were galactose and glucose. WGE exhibited pro-proliferative effects on both RAW264.7 and PC12 cells. Under extremely low serum concentrations, WGE effectively ameliorated growth arrest in both cell types. Treatment with 160 µg/mL WGE increased the proliferation activity of RAW264.7 cells by 29.26% and PC12 cells by 29.05%. Additionally, WGE promoted cell proliferation by upregulating the expression of Ki67 and Cyclin-D1 proteins in both cell lines. These findings demonstrated that WGE can function as a natural, functional cell growth promoter. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the nutraceutical and functional applications of wheat germ.

wheat germ extracts  /  cell proliferation  /  RAW 264.7 cell  /  PC12 cell  /  functional activity
王銮凤, 王佳雨, 周婉玥, 汪芳, 宋海昭, 熊玲, 沈新春. 麦胚提取物的制备及其对细胞的增殖活性. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (8) : 417 -426 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040009
Luanfeng WANG, Jiayu WANG, Wanyue ZHOU, Fang WANG, Haizhao SONG, Ling XIONG, Xinchun SHEN. Preparation of Wheat Germ Extract and Its Proliferative Activity on Cells[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (8) : 417 -426 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040009
小麦胚芽是小麦制粉过程中产生的重要副产物,约占小麦总重量的2.5%~3.8%[1]。作为小麦的生命之源,小麦胚芽富含多种促生长因子,具有促进植物幼芽生长的作用。同时,它更被誉为“天然营养宝库”,其营养价值极高,含有丰富的蛋白质(质量分数高达约30.2%)、不饱和脂肪酸、维生素、矿物质和膳食纤维。在蛋白质组成中,清蛋白约占18.9%,麦醇溶蛋白约占14.0%,麦谷蛋白约占0.3%~0.37%,水不溶性蛋白占比显著[2]。相较于其他谷物,小麦胚芽的氨基酸组成全面且平衡,易于被人体吸收,能有效补充赖氨酸和苏氨酸[3]。此外,小麦胚芽还含有谷胱甘肽、凝集素、二十八烷醇、黄酮等多种具有特殊生理功能的生物活性成分[4],这些成分极大地提升了其附加值。鉴于我国小麦胚芽资源极其丰富,对其进行精深加工与高值化利用,开发具有促生长或抗衰老功能性的麦胚食品,具有广阔前景。
作为“功能性食品”的代表,麦胚已经被证实具有良好的抗氧化、降糖降脂、抗癌等作用[5−9]。此外,补充麦胚还可以改善肥胖小鼠的心肌线粒体功能障碍[10]。近期研究还发现,麦胚可能对神经系统产生有益影响,接受含有小麦胚芽的饮食干预可以有效减轻II型糖尿病患者的精神应激和抑郁状态,并增加其血清中BDNF的浓度[11]。本课题组前期针对麦胚的功能活性开展了大量研究,发现麦胚及其生物活性肽可以促进成纤维细胞和角质形成细胞的增殖,进而促进大鼠创伤伤口愈合;其可以有效延缓糖尿病并发症的发生发展,改善老年性大鼠的骨质疏松及肝脏衰老损伤,重塑肠道菌群组成[5,12−14]。目前,麦胚在食品工业和医药领域均具有广阔的应用前景,其精深加工不仅可以开发出多种营养丰富的产品,如麦胚油、麦胚代餐粉等;并且,从麦胚中提取的生物活性物质可用于研制改善疾病的药物或促进健康的功能性食品。
动物细胞在体外的生长需要使用丰富的培养基,这些培养基是通过将胎牛血清(Fetal bovine serum,FBS)与特定的营养制剂结合制备的。并且,FBS提供了细胞所需要的生长因子和各种营养素[15]。目前,可以支持体外细胞生长并消除或减少使用血清需求的植物源水解物已被用作促细胞生长因子或替代部分FBS用于细胞培养[16−17]。早期研究发现,使用两种食品级蛋白酶来生产鹰嘴豆蛋白水解物,将该蛋白水解物已添加到细胞培养基中,发现其可以使悬浮生长的单核THP-1细胞系良好生长。大豆蛋白水解物的添加可以促进SP20细胞、CHO细胞的生长增殖[18]。此外,研究发现用蜂王浆主蛋白部分代替FBS培养仓鼠卵巢CHO-K1细胞,可显著促进细胞的增殖[19]。近期研究发现,核小球藻提取物在低血清条件下替代部分FBS可以促进鲫鱼肌肉细胞增殖和MyoD和Myf5的表达,并且,在长期培养中细胞会表现出更好的活力和传代稳定性。利用细胞内代谢组学和蛋白质组学融合分析了其潜在机制,发现核小球藻提取物的补充调节了细胞特定的代谢和信号通路。进一步的分析表明,核小球藻提取物中的生物活性因子是蛋白质成分,与血清成分相似。在含有提取物、L-抗坏血酸、胰岛素、转铁蛋白、硒和乙醇胺的重建无血清培养基中培养的鲫鱼肌肉细胞在扩大培养中表现出显著加速的生长[20−21]。
已有研究表明,植物源水解物富含潜在的生长因子类似物或抗细胞凋亡生物活性物质,可在低血清培养基中有效促进细胞生长[22]。因此,在低血清培养技术中添加植物源提取物作为细胞生长促进剂,已成为连接细胞工程技术与功能性食品开发的关键纽带。麦胚作为植物生长核心区,含有丰富的营养物质,可以在细胞培养中提供碳源、氨基酸、多肽、微量元素以及一些低分子量的生物活性物质。本课题组前期研究发现麦胚活性肽具有促进皮肤细胞增殖的作用。然而,目前关于麦胚提取物(Wheat germ extract,WGE)在细胞培养方面的研究尚显不足。基于其营养组分及前期发现,推测WGE可能具有潜在的促细胞生长增殖作用。为此,本研究旨在综合表征与评价WGE的主要活性成分及其对细胞的促增殖作用,以期为小麦胚芽的功能化应用和营养化产品开发提供新的思路和坚实的理论基础。
小麦胚芽 来源于江苏省泰州;Hepes、DTT、噻唑蓝、Tween-20、ST825、彩虹180广谱蛋白Marker(11~180 kDa) 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;ECL化学发光试剂盒 南京诺唯赞生物科技有限公司;Sephedex-G-25 美国GE Healthcare公司;SDS 北京康为世纪生物科技有限公司;过硫酸铵、芸香叶苷(芦丁)标准品 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司;福林酚试剂、牛血清白蛋白 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;没食子酸标准品 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;RPIM-1640培养液、PBS磷酸盐缓冲液(1×,pH7.2) 上海源培生物科技股份有限公司;胎牛血清(FBS) 武汉百迪生物工程有限公司;Trypsin EDTA(0.05%) 美国Gibco公司;BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒、Cyclin-D1(AF1183)、二抗 上海碧云天生物技术有限公司;抗体Ki67(ab66155) 英国Abcam公司;β-actin(A5441) 美国Sigma公司;其余试剂均为国产分析纯。
Easy-nLC 1200纳升级高效液相色谱仪、Q Exactive™ Plus Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap™ Mass Spectrometer(电喷雾-组合型离子阱Orbitrap质谱仪)、ICS5000离子色谱仪 美国Thermo Fisher公司;MB-48L高通量冷冻组织研磨仪 浙江美壁仪器有限公司;Tanon 5200全自动数码凝胶图像分析系统 上海天能科技有限公司; H1850高速冷冻离心机 湖南湘仪仪器有限公司; JY92-II超声波细胞粉碎仪 宁波新艺超声设备有限公司; Turbo转膜仪与PP Basic电泳仪 美国Bio-Rad公司。
小麦胚芽提取物参考Anderson等[19]和Shen等[21]的方法,将4 g麦胚研磨粉与15 mL预冷提取液(含20 mmol/L HEPES-KOH、100 mmol/L KOAc、1 mmol/L Mg(OAc)2、2 mmol/L CaCl2、1 mmol/L DTT,pH7.6)混合,于4 ℃、13300 r/min离心15 min,收集上清液后经Sephadex G-25葡聚糖凝胶柱层析纯化。
在预制胶中统一每孔上样10 μL,在第一条泳道中加入预染 Marker作为标记。调整电压为80 V后进行电泳,跑过浓缩胶后切换至120 V,溴酚蓝条带迁移至凝胶底部时停止电泳。电泳结束后,取出胶片用考马斯亮蓝染色1 h (100 mL染色液含有0.25 g考马斯亮蓝R250,甲醇45 mL,冰醋酸10 mL),然后用甲醇/冰醋酸脱色液脱至透明(脱色液中含有5%的甲醇和7.5%的冰醋酸)[22]。
蛋白含量测定采用碧云天BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒;多糖含量采用SN/T 4260-2015《出口植物源食品中粗多糖的测定:苯酚-硫酸法》测定;总黄酮含量采用NY/T 1295-2007《禾谷类、豆类作物籽粒中黄酮含量的测定》测定;总酚含量采用T/AHFIA 005-2018《植物源性食品中总酚的测定:福林-酚比色法》测定;灰分含量采用GB/T 5009.4-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中灰分的测定》测定。
细胞经EDTA-胰酶消化后配制成8×103个/mL的细胞悬浮液于96孔板中,每孔100 μL,另设置无细胞孔作为空白对照组。细胞贴壁后除去培养液,加入含麦胚提取物的不同浓度FBS的完全培养液(提取物过0.22 μm孔径的水系滤膜),培养24、48和72 h后每孔加入25 μL的MTT溶液(5 mg/mL),继续培养4 h除去96孔板中上清液,加入150 μL的DMSO溶液以溶解结晶。振荡15 min后于酶标仪490 nm单波长下测吸光度,计算细胞存活率。
$\rm 细胞增殖活力(\text{%})= \frac{O{D}_{2}-O{D}_{0}}{O{D}_{1}-O{D}_{0}}\times 100 $
式中:OD0表示空白组吸光值;OD1为对照组吸光值;OD2为样品组吸光值。
为准确地定性凝胶上条带,将凝胶上电泳条带切下置于EP管中,送北京维洛信生物科技有限公司进行串联质谱鉴定。主要过程包括凝胶的脱色和凝胶中蛋白质的还原、烷化与酶解等处理,即在凝胶中加入终浓度10 mmol/L的二硫苏糖醇还原蛋白质,再加入55 mmol/L碘乙酸铵烷基化,最后加入10 mg/mL的胰蛋白酶过夜酶解;酶解肽段经自填脱盐柱脱盐、45 ℃真空离心浓缩干燥,最终复溶于含0.1%甲酸的样品溶解液,涡旋振荡后13200 r/min、4 ℃离心10 min,取上清进行 LC-MS/MS 分析。以0.1%甲酸为流动相A;0.1%甲酸,80%乙腈为流动相B,将流速调整为600 nL/min,每个组分60 min。流动梯度为6%~95%。一级质谱参数设置为分辨率70000,AGC目标3×106,Maximum IT:60 ms,扫描范围:300~1500 m/z。二级质谱参数设置为分辨率17500,AGC目标1×105,Maximum IT:45 ms,TopN:20,NCE/stepped NCE:28。质谱原始文件使用Maxquant(2.1.4.0)检索目标蛋白数据库。
HPGPC进行多糖的纯度鉴定和分子量测定。采用BRT105-104-102串联凝胶柱(8×300 mm);柱温:40 ℃;流动相:0.2 mol/L NaCl溶液;流速:0.8 mL/min,进样量:25 μL;检测器:示差检测器RID-10A;分析时间:60 min。精密称取待测样品配制成浓度为2 mg/mL的溶液,超声10 min,12000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液,0.22 μm滤膜过滤备用。进样,根据标准曲线计算多糖分子量(Mp、Mw、Mw)[23]。
采用离子色谱仪(ICS 5000)进行单糖组成测定。色谱条件:色谱柱:DionexCarbopacTMPA20(3×150 mm);流动相:A:H2O; B:15 mmol/L NaOH;C: 15 mmol/L NaOH 和100 mmol/L NaOAc;流速:0.3 mL/min;进样量:5 µL;将样本处理后进IC分析,根据标品得出其单糖组成及摩尔比。
将不同浓度提取物加入到细胞培养液中培养细胞,培养24、48、72 h后提取细胞中的总蛋白。利用SDS-PAGE电泳对得到的蛋白提取物进行分离并转移至PVDF膜上。将PVDF膜置于含有5%脱脂奶粉的孵育盒中封闭3 h,封闭结束后用TBST溶液洗膜。将PVDF膜置于一抗(稀释比例1:1000)中,于4 ℃冰箱摇床振摇过夜,完成后用TBST溶液洗膜。再将PVDF膜置于相应的二抗(1:5000)中,摇床振摇孵育后再用TBST溶液洗膜。将膜置于图像分析系统中对印迹进行扫描显影成像。蛋白条带定量采用Image J软件分析条带灰度值[13]。
所有实验重复3次,以平均值±标准差表示,实验数据使用Graphad prism 9.0、Origin 2022及Hiplot pro软件做数据统计分析及绘制图表,单因素方差分析比较组间的差异,P<0.05代表差异显著,P<0.01代表差异极显著。
Sephedex G-25葡聚糖凝胶柱层析也叫分子筛层析,其分离范围在1~5 kDa,主要起到脱盐作用。该麦胚提取物过柱前混合物蛋白浓度约为42 mg/mL,得率约在9.2%~9.5%,故洗脱过柱时主要参考蛋白洗脱曲线,选用280 nm波长下洗脱曲线作为参考。对所得收集液进行BCA蛋白浓度测定,测得WGE蛋白浓度约为2.65±0.2 mg/mL。
目前,已有研究证实麦胚提取物中主要含有蛋白合成必要的活性成分,但对于其除蛋白外含有哪些主要成分仍尚不明确[24]。研究表明,小麦胚芽中基本营养物质蛋白质占26.0%~31.5%、碳水化合物占42.0%~47.0%、脂肪占9.5%~13.5%、灰分占4.0%~5.0%,生物活性物质总酚类占1.4%~1.7%,总黄酮约占0.02%[24]。测定结果显示,麦胚提取物中蛋白质和多糖含量较高,分别占比达35.43%±1.15%和32.32%±2.73%。其次,灰分占比达7.13%±1.03%,总酚占比达1.22%±0.1%,总黄酮占比达0.12%±0.01%。因此,本研究主要针对麦胚提取物中含量较高的前两种物质进行进一步分析,即挖掘所含蛋白质和多糖的功能特性。
本研究选取Sephedex G-25葡聚糖凝胶柱层析分离所得麦胚提取物组分进行蛋白组学分析。SDS-PAGE电泳结果如图1所示,结果显示麦胚提取物组分中,蛋白质主要集中分布在48~63、35 kDa附近和分子量小于17 kDa的区间,并且,在30~63 kDa区间的蛋白条带较多。
本研究对麦胚提取物中30~63 kDa区间的两个主要蛋白组分进行了LC-MS/MS测定,鉴定其中所含主要蛋白的种类与功能。LC-MS/MS结果如图2~图3所示,经过软件MaxQuant(2.1.4.0)数据库检索,得到对应鉴定蛋白,选取各样评分及丰度前10(含并列)的蛋白进行整合(表1、表2)。其中,麦胚提取物中的主要蛋白组分共具有11种不同功能,包括氧化还原酶活性、过氧化物酶活性、ATP结合(水解酶活性)、GTP结合(GTP酶活性)、RNA/mRNA结合(RNA解旋酶活性)、参与DNA复制与重组、核糖体结构组成、蛋白合成调节、蛋白分解调节、糖代谢调节及金属离子结合。总体而言,具有蛋白合成调节以及氧化还原酶活性的功能蛋白较多,其次为水解酶活性蛋白,参与蛋白分解调节的功能蛋白含量最少。这些功能蛋白都与细胞蛋白的合成以及细胞生长关系紧密。
由图4可得,麦胚提取物组分经高效凝胶渗透色谱检测得双峰,表明麦胚提取物的多糖可能由纯度较高的两种组分组成。其数均分子量(Mn)分别为2153、1300 Da;重均分子量(Mw)分别为2238、1355 Da;峰位分子量(Mp)分别为2307、1393 Da。进一步对提取物中的单糖组成进行分析,发现麦胚提取物组分主要单糖组成为半乳糖和葡萄糖,二者对应的摩尔比分别为0.264与0.736,峰面积比为7.35:33.943,其中葡萄糖的峰面积为半乳糖的4.62倍,相较半乳糖而言占比更多。
本研究选用与衰老方面研究相关的PC12以及RAW 264.7两种细胞进行麦胚提取物干预,探究其是否对细胞具有一定的促增殖活性。分别选用0、20、40、80、160 µg/mL的浓度干预细胞24 h,如图5 MTT结果所示,各浓度麦胚提取物对RAW 264.7和PC12细胞均有一定的促增殖作用且呈剂量依赖关系。其中,在160 µg/mL的麦胚提取物组分干预情况下,RAW 264.7细胞增殖活性可达123.58%±3.25%,PC12细胞增殖活性可达131.6%±2.32%。并且,根据所得结果可以看出,随着WGE浓度增加,细胞活力逐渐增大,其原因可能是由于WGE浓度高会促进培养基中营养成分的增多,细胞生长所需的多肽、游离氨基酸、糖类等物质增多,可以有效促进细胞的增长。但随着浓度的过量增加,会导致培养基中营养成分过剩,进而抑制细胞的生长。以上结果表明,麦胚提取物对于这两种细胞均有促生长增殖的作用。
FBS对维持细胞正常生长和功能有重要作用,不同浓度的FBS对细胞培养有不同影响,低浓度和极低浓度(1%~5%)可能导致细胞增殖减缓和形态改变[25]。因此,本研究选用5%浓度FBS研究麦胚提取物对细胞的生长与增殖影响。MTT实验结果如图6、图7所示,当FBS浓度降至5%时,细胞生长活力极显著下降,相较于10%血清空白对照组,降低了约10%~15%(P<0.01)。麦胚提取物干预的5% FBS培养细胞各时间段整体生长趋势与正常浓度FBS培养细胞的生长趋势大致相似,且麦胚提取物对5%浓度FBS培养导致的细胞生长缓慢具有一定的改善作用。但随着培养时间的延长,其缓解作用能力有下降趋势。对于RAW 264.7细胞来说,培养24、48 h时,麦胚提取物组分在40、80、160 µg/mL浓度时均表现出极显著性促增殖效果(P<0.01)。并且,在160 µg/mL浓度时,相较于5%血清空白对照组,细胞活力分别增加了30.5%和26.6%。与RAW 264.7细胞一致,麦胚提取物组分在40、80、160 µg/mL浓度时均有效促进了PC12细胞的生长(P<0.01)。在160 µg/mL浓度时,相较于5%血清空白对照组,PC12细胞活力分别增加了26.9%和25.1%。并且,将两种细胞的培养时间延长至72 h时,麦胚提取物组分的加入仍可使细胞保持极显著增殖活性。从两种细胞实验结果可以看出,麦胚提取物组分具有较好、较稳定的促增殖作用,能够缓解由低浓度FBS所导致的细胞生长活力较低现象,这可能是由于麦胚提取物中所含蛋白其中的特定序列及特定多糖组分可以在细胞培养过程中提供功能性的生长因子或保护因子,显著提高细胞培养基的质量水平。
本研究选取Ki67与细胞周期蛋白D1(Cyclin-D1)两种增殖相关蛋白来进行辅助验证麦胚蛋白的促增殖活性。根据图8、图9结果所得,低浓度血清培养细胞较正常浓度(10%)血清培养细胞的胞内Ki67与Cyclin D1蛋白表达显著降低,不同浓度麦胚提取物干预低血清培养细胞后,细胞胞内Ki67与Cyclin D1蛋白相对表达量显著提升(P<0.05),其中,在160 µg/mL浓度时,相较于5%血清空白对照组,RAW 264.7细胞中Ki67与Cyclin D1蛋白的相对表达量分别增加了0.57%和0.40%;而PC12细胞中Ki67与Cyclin D1蛋白的相对表达量分别增加了0.97%和0.71%。这表明麦胚提取物确实可以促进细胞增殖活性,并且在低浓度血清培养条件下能够促进细胞从G0/G1期向S期的转化过程,促进细胞从静止期向DNA合成期转变,这与先前所得的麦胚提取物具有促细胞增殖活性结果相吻合。
为了进一步探究麦胚提取物是否对极低浓度血清培养细胞具有显著的促增殖活性,本研究选取2%浓度FBS进行细胞的培养与干预。麦胚提取物对2%浓度血清培养细胞的MTT实验结果如图10、图11所示,2%浓度血清条件下细胞生长的活力减弱更为显著(P<0.01),培养72 h后,RAW 264.7细胞增殖活性仅为66.33%±4.32%,PC12细胞增殖活性仅为69.55%±2.18%。在2%低血清条件下,细胞生长受到显著抑制;但不同浓度(20、40、80、160 µg/mL)的麦胚提取物均能有效缓解这种生长抑制。对于RAW 264.7细胞来说,培养24、48、72 h时,在160 µg/mL浓度条件下,相较于2%血清空白对照组,细胞活力分别增加了23.97%、28.93%和29.26%。结果与RAW 264.7细胞一致,对于PC12细胞来说,在160 µg/mL浓度时培养24、48、72 h,相较于2%血清空白对照组,PC12细胞活力分别增加了24.76%、23.13%和29.05%。
相较于传统的提取方法,本研究采用麦胚无细胞蛋白合成系统制备WGE,即提取液中含有HEPES-KOH、KOAc、Mg(OAc)2、CaCl2和DTT,此提取方法能高效促进功能性蛋白质的提取率。已有研究发现,WGE中主要含有蛋白合成必要的活性成分,如蛋白质合成场所、蛋白因子及其他相关酶系等,但对于其除蛋白外含有哪些主要成分尚不明确[24]。因此,本研究对WGE的主要成分进行了分析,发现其蛋白质和多糖占比较高。其中,WGE中具有蛋白合成调节以及氧化还原酶活性的功能蛋白较多,这些功能蛋白都与细胞蛋白的合成以及细胞生长关系紧密。此外,多糖作为生物必需的大分子广泛存在于植物、动物和微生物中,具有多种生理活性,如抗炎、抗氧化、调节免疫等[26−28]。研究发现,灵芝多糖具有良好的促细胞增殖和伤口愈合活性,且抗氧化活性较强。其对THP-1细胞的促增殖能力最强,可将细胞生长率提高至178.7%[29]。并且,与本文结果相似,灵芝多糖由葡萄糖、半乳糖和甘露糖组成。在碳水化合物的成分中,分子中含有游离醛或酮基团的单糖,如葡萄糖和乳糖,会显示出良好的抗氧化活性[30]。结果显示,WGE有效促进了RAW 264.7细胞和PC12细胞的生长,因此,推测WGE可能通过潜在的抗氧化活性来发挥这一作用。此外,已有研究表明,麦胚多糖可以改善油酸诱导的HepG2细胞氧化损伤[31]。然而,由于尚缺乏关于麦胚无细胞合成系统所得提取物的糖类组成方面的研究,本研究结果解析了通过此方法制得的麦胚提取物的单糖组成,提供了新的理论基础。
在挖掘了WGE的主要成分构成之外,本研究进一步明确了其促进细胞增殖的作用与机制,选取两种经典的与细胞衰老密切相关的体外模型,其中PC12细胞已被广泛用作与年龄相关的神经退行性疾病的神经分化模型[20]。此外,巨噬细胞是调控炎症反应的中心细胞,其主要通过抗原呈递、吞噬和产生各种细胞因子进行免疫调节,是最常用的炎症研究体外模型[32]。作为衰老十二大标识之一,慢性炎症与衰老密不可分[33]。因此,本研究选用PC12以及RAW 264.7两种细胞,探究了WGE对这两种细胞的促增殖作用。前期研究表明,一些植物蛋白水解物含有潜在的促生长因子或其类似物,能够促进无蛋白培养基中的细胞生长。小麦水解物可以显著促进CHO320细胞的生长,使细胞增长率提高30%[34]。与正常培养细胞的含有10%血清浓度的培养基相比,随着添加WGE浓度的增加,细胞活力也随之增长。值得注意的是,在低血清细胞培养条件下,WGE仍可以在5%和2%浓度FBS条件下显著促进PC12以及RAW 264.7两种细胞的生长,这可能是由于其除了提供蛋白质、糖类等细胞所需的基本营养物质外,还提供了生长激素和潜在的生长因子类似物,在未来的研究中还有待深入挖掘。
Ki67蛋白是与细胞增殖相关的一种核蛋白,只在增殖细胞核中表达,与细胞周期与增殖密切相关,可作为细胞增殖的标记物,Ki67表达的增加可表明增殖活力的增强[35]。Cyclin-D1是调节细胞周期由G0/G1期向S期转变的重要调控蛋白,能与细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶相互作用。在细胞周期中,Cyclin-D1的表达呈周期性变化,其最早出现在G1期,在G0/G1向S期转化过程中含量最高,S期中期被完全降解[36]。因此,本研究探究了WGE的促增殖机制,结果发现,WGE干预可以增加PC12和RAW 264.7两种细胞内Ki67与Cyclin-D1蛋白的表达。然而,WGE在无FBS的极端条件下对细胞增殖的影响还尚不明确,在后续的研究将进一步探究在此条件下,麦胚提取物对细胞的促增殖作用,并明确具体的分子机制。
本研究基于麦胚无细胞蛋白合成系统的提取方法制备了WGE并分析了其主要成分含量。研究发现,WGE中具有蛋白合成调节以及氧化还原酶活性的功能蛋白,并富含半乳糖和葡萄糖。通过将WGE作为植物源细胞生长促进培养细胞发现,其对RAW 264.7和PC12细胞均具有良好的促增殖作用。并且,在低浓度血清条件下,WGE在中、高浓度添加时均能够改善两种细胞的生长阻滞。机制上,WGE可以提高细胞中Ki67与Cyclin-D1蛋白的表达,从而发挥促细胞增殖的作用。该研究结果为小麦胚芽的营养化和功能化应用提供了坚实的理论依据,在开发与促生长、抗衰老相关的麦胚功能性食品方面具有广阔的应用前景。

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2026年第47卷第8期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040009
  • 接收时间:2025-04-03
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-03
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    南京财经大学食品科学与工程学院,江苏省现代粮食流通与安全协同创新中心,江苏南京 210023

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沈新春(1966−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品营养与健康,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Percentage of
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属
Genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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