Article(id=1320883810519072920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320881884691808691, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070136, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752076800000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852841261, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1782835200000, pubDateStr=2026-07-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852841261, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852841261, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852841261, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320881884691808691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='13', pageStart='1', pageEnd='522', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782835200000', pubDateStr='2026-07-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852382109, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852382109, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=145, endPage=151, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320883810888171673, articleId=1320883810519072920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Structure, Physicochemical Properties and Cooking Quality of Proso Millet, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the effect of electron beam irradiation (EBI) on the structure, physicochemical properties, and cooking quality, this study applied electron beam irradiation at different doses (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 kGy) to proso millet. The crystalline structure, short-range ordered structure, amylose content, damaged starch content, pasting properties, thermal properties, solubility, swelling power, cooking characteristics, and textural properties of proso millet were measured. The results showed that EBI destroyed the crystalline structure of proso millet. As the irradiation dose increased, the relative crystallinity significantly decreased from 19.46% to 11.76% (P<0.05), accompanied by a reduction in amylose content from 4.93% to 2.25% and an increase in the amylose index from 75.86% to 76.53%. Consistent with these structural alterations, EBI led to a substantial decline in the pasting properties, thermodynamic transition temperature, and swelling power (P<0.05). In contrast, the solubility increased considerably (P<0.05). These changes collectively contributed to an improvement in cooking quality, after 12 kGy irradiation, manifested by a reduction in the hardness and chewiness of the cooked proso millet by 54.93% and 81.02%, respectively, and an 285.44% increase in soluble solid content. EBI effectively improved the processability of proso millet, making it more suitable for making porridge with a thick texture and soft taste. The results revealed the influence of EBI on the quality of proso millet. It provides a scientific basis for the application of EBI in the efficient preservation and high-value processing of grain. Besides, this study is of great practical significance to promote the sustainable development of the proso millet industry.

, authors=Huishan SHEN1, 2, 3, Guoshuai MA1, Zan CUI1, Jiahang YAO1, 3, Hongwei WANG1, 2, Naiwei PENG4, Xingli LIU1, 2, Hua ZHANG1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=Huishan SHEN, Guoshuai MA, Zan CUI, Jiahang YAO, Hongwei WANG, Naiwei PENG, Xingli LIU, Hua ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hua ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320883813551554718, articleId=1320883810519072920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=电子束辐照对大黄米结构、理化性质和蒸煮品质的影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了探究电子束辐照对大黄米结构、理化性质及蒸煮品质的影响,本研究采用不同剂量的电子束(0、3、6、9、12 kGy)对大黄米进行辐照处理,系统分析了大黄米的结晶结构、短程有序结构、直链淀粉含量、破损淀粉含量、糊化特性、热力学特性、溶解度、膨胀力、蒸煮特性以及质构特性的变化。结果表明,电子束辐照破坏了大黄米的结晶结构,随着辐照剂量的增加,大黄米的相对结晶度从19.46%显著降低至11.76%(P<0.05),直链淀粉含量由4.93%降至2.25%,而淀粉酶指数则由75.86%增加至76.53%。经过电子束辐照处理,大黄米的峰值黏度、谷值黏度、最终黏度等黏度参数、热力学转变温度和膨胀力显著降低(P<0.05),而溶解度显著增加(P<0.05)。最终,这些变化改善了大黄米的蒸煮品质,经12 kGy辐照处理后,熟制米样的硬度和咀嚼性分别降低了54.93%和81.02%,可溶性固形物含量增加了285.44%。电子束辐照有效改善了大黄米的加工特性,使其更适合制作具有黏稠质地和柔软口感的粥类食品。研究结果揭示了电子束辐照对大黄米品质的影响规律,为该技术在粮食高效保鲜与高值化加工中的应用提供了科学依据,对推动大黄米产业可持续发展具有重要实践意义。

, authors=申慧珊1, 2, 3, 马国帅1, 崔赞1, 姚佳杭1, 3, 王宏伟1, 2, 彭乃卫4, 刘兴丽1, 2, 张华1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=申慧珊, 马国帅, 崔赞, 姚佳杭, 王宏伟, 彭乃卫, 刘兴丽, 张华, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张华, authorNote=

申慧珊(1994−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:淀粉结构修饰和功能化调控,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
张华(1975−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:速冻食品加工与安全控制,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=CGiFM7wS9DYXQak4g76+YA==, magXml=EBGF9/08p+4SL3Yc88odBw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=L+c+b1tdJuApbsLnJ/LiJQ==, pdfFileSize=956418, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=JLAFvIdEUeo1c9F7lOwfqw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=OnkbQId+O1xINFBkyHoHFQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320883814260392108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883810519072920, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=shen1685778117@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320883814390415536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883810519072920, authorId=1320883814260392108, language=EN, stringName=Huishan SHEN, firstName=Huishan, middleName=null, lastName=SHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
2National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Wheat Flour Food, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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申慧珊(1994−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:淀粉结构修饰和功能化调控,E-mail:

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Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320883822456062196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883810519072920, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DAS S, KHOUND R, SANTRA M, et al. Beyond bird feed: Proso millet for human health and environment[J]. Agriculture, 2019, 9(3): 64., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320883822531559669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883810519072920, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YUAN Qiuyan, YANG Miao, YUE Xiaofeng, et al. Effects of electron beam irradiation on cooking quality and volatile components of waxy and non-waxy proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.)[J]. Journal of Cereal Science, 2024, 119: 103997., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320883822586085622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883810519072920, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=原秋艳, 简磊, 贾明月, 等. 超声波处理对发芽糜子品质及抗氧化活性的影响[J]. 食品研究与开发, 2024, 45(13): 25−31. [YUAN Qiuyan, JIAN Lei, JIA Mingyue, et al. Effect of ultrasonic treatment on quality and antioxidant activity of germinated proso millet[J]. Food Research and Development, 2024, 45(13): 25−31.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320883822644805879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883810519072920, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YUAN Qiuyan, JIAN Lei, JIA Mingyue, et al. Effect of ultrasonic treatment on quality and antioxidant activity of germinated proso millet[J]. 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International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 2009, 44(12): 2335−2341., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320883827656999199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883810519072920, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Ruolin, SHEN Heyu, BAI Junqing, et al. Electron beam and X-ray irradiation promote extraction of bioactive compounds from walnut green husk: Structural, physicochemical, and functional properties[J]. 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Rice Science, 2017, 24(1): 48−55., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320883827812188449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883810519072920, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DING Chao, CHANG Le, LUO Yao, et al. Influence of cooking and texture attributes of far infrared radiated Japonica rice during storage[J]. 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注:图中不同小写字母表示差异显著P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=fG/dYB8kyAxzkU8maz9tsA==, figureFileBig=x/OdfC0xPoPeAZLU4VsN5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883819708793064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883810519072920, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effect of electron beam irradiation on the relative crystallinity, R1047/1022, amylose content, and damaged starch content of proso millet

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
辐照剂量
(kGy)
相对结晶度
(%)
R1047/1022直链淀粉含量
(%)
淀粉酶指数
(%)
019.46±0.13a0.826±0.006d4.93±0.13a75.86±0.03d
318.42±0.09b0.836±0.001cd3.28±0.07b76.17±0.02c
616.91±0.28c0.846±0.007bc3.36±0.08b76.23±0.07c
914.60±0.06d0.852±0.000ab2.21±0.13c77.05±0.14a
1211.76±0.28e0.859±0.004a2.25±0.07c76.53±0.04b
), ArticleFig(id=1320883819792679145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883810519072920, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

电子束辐照对大黄米相对结晶度、R1047/1022、直链淀粉含量和破损淀粉含量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
辐照剂量
(kGy)
相对结晶度
(%)
R1047/1022直链淀粉含量
(%)
淀粉酶指数
(%)
019.46±0.13a0.826±0.006d4.93±0.13a75.86±0.03d
318.42±0.09b0.836±0.001cd3.28±0.07b76.17±0.02c
616.91±0.28c0.846±0.007bc3.36±0.08b76.23±0.07c
914.60±0.06d0.852±0.000ab2.21±0.13c77.05±0.14a
1211.76±0.28e0.859±0.004a2.25±0.07c76.53±0.04b
), ArticleFig(id=1320883819880759530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883810519072920, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effect of electron beam irradiation on particle size of proso millet

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
辐照剂量(kGy)D(4,3)(μm)比表面积(m2/g)D10(μm)D50(μm)D90(μm)
075.49±2.82bc4666.54±81.82a6.64±0.10c62.17±3.16b169.19±4.85b
378.60±4.75bc4215.83±74.29ab7.86±0.19bc69.14±7.38ab165.47±5.84b
671.43±1.17c4093.62±214.91ab8.99±1.03b64.52±0.39b144.84±1.90c
985.12±12.01ab3678.55±566.28bc10.64±2.59ab77.28±16.34ab170.66±13.85b
1294.30±6.23a3364.61±363.41c11.73±2.07a86.76±10.51a187.05±2.52a
), ArticleFig(id=1320883819952062699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883810519072920, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

电子束辐照对大黄米粒径的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
辐照剂量(kGy)D(4,3)(μm)比表面积(m2/g)D10(μm)D50(μm)D90(μm)
075.49±2.82bc4666.54±81.82a6.64±0.10c62.17±3.16b169.19±4.85b
378.60±4.75bc4215.83±74.29ab7.86±0.19bc69.14±7.38ab165.47±5.84b
671.43±1.17c4093.62±214.91ab8.99±1.03b64.52±0.39b144.84±1.90c
985.12±12.01ab3678.55±566.28bc10.64±2.59ab77.28±16.34ab170.66±13.85b
1294.30±6.23a3364.61±363.41c11.73±2.07a86.76±10.51a187.05±2.52a
), ArticleFig(id=1320883820035948780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883810519072920, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effect of electron beam irradiation on pasting properties of proso millet

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
辐照剂量(kGy)峰值黏度(cP)谷值黏度(cP)崩解值(cP)最终黏度(cP)回生值(cP)糊化温度(℃)
0868.57±16.07a438.67±8.62a430.00±4.51a742.33±14.01a303.37±5.51a77.10±0.05a
3553.00±6.93b296.00±5.57b257.00±4.36b469.67±6.11b173.67±0.58b77.08±0.03a
6433.67±11.85c197.33±2.08c236.33±9.81c298.00±2.65c100.67±1.15c77.10±0.05a
9242.00±7.00d85.67±1.53d156.33±5.51d138.33±2.89d52.67±1.53d77.07±0.12a
12167.33±3.51e50.67±0.58e116.67±3.06e85.33±1.53e34.67±1.15e77.07±0.07a
), ArticleFig(id=1320883820128223469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883810519072920, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

电子束辐照对大黄米糊化特性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
辐照剂量(kGy)峰值黏度(cP)谷值黏度(cP)崩解值(cP)最终黏度(cP)回生值(cP)糊化温度(℃)
0868.57±16.07a438.67±8.62a430.00±4.51a742.33±14.01a303.37±5.51a77.10±0.05a
3553.00±6.93b296.00±5.57b257.00±4.36b469.67±6.11b173.67±0.58b77.08±0.03a
6433.67±11.85c197.33±2.08c236.33±9.81c298.00±2.65c100.67±1.15c77.10±0.05a
9242.00±7.00d85.67±1.53d156.33±5.51d138.33±2.89d52.67±1.53d77.07±0.12a
12167.33±3.51e50.67±0.58e116.67±3.06e85.33±1.53e34.67±1.15e77.07±0.07a
), ArticleFig(id=1320883820207915246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883810519072920, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effect of electron beam irradiation on thermal properties of proso millet

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
辐照剂量(kGy)To(℃)Tp(℃)Tc(℃)ΔH(J/g)
070.12±0.05a75.50±0.14a86.53±0.14a8.11±0.07a
369.62±0.29ab74.79±0.24b83.40±0.46b7.85±0.01b
669.55±0.59ab74.57±0.34bc83.39±1.26b7.60±0.83c
969.50±0.17b74.36±0.37bc81.91±0.84c7.28±0.10d
1268.72±0.14c74.16±0.22c81.71±0.27c6.87±0.02e
), ArticleFig(id=1320883820270829807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883810519072920, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

电子束辐照对大黄米热力学特性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
辐照剂量(kGy)To(℃)Tp(℃)Tc(℃)ΔH(J/g)
070.12±0.05a75.50±0.14a86.53±0.14a8.11±0.07a
369.62±0.29ab74.79±0.24b83.40±0.46b7.85±0.01b
669.55±0.59ab74.57±0.34bc83.39±1.26b7.60±0.83c
969.50±0.17b74.36±0.37bc81.91±0.84c7.28±0.10d
1268.72±0.14c74.16±0.22c81.71±0.27c6.87±0.02e
), ArticleFig(id=1320883820392464624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883810519072920, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effect of electron beam irradiation on cooking characteristics and textural properties of proso millet

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
辐照剂量(kGy)吸水率(%)可溶性固形物含量(%)硬度(g)咀嚼性弹性胶着度黏聚性回复性
0211.37±0.01a4.74±0.17d5241.87±61.01a350.55±16.79b0.25±0.00c1410.19±78.48a0.27±0.02b0.13±0.01a
3190.75±6.34b8.42±0.35c3855.69±41.04b401.26±29.17a0.34±0.24a1169.69±3.79b0.30±0.00a0.12±0.00a
6175.815±0.11c12.79±1.34b3113.98±43.84c249.00±13.22c0.29±0.29b847.39±12.14c0.27±0.00b0.10±0.02b
9165.32±2.46d15.06±1.32b3022.59±28.83c133.81±1.04d0.23±0.23c578.59±11.73d0.19±0.01c0.08±0.00c
12140.14±0.54e18.27±0.99a2362.50±104.61d66.55±4.16e0.18±0.18d379.59±19.33e0.16±0.02d0.07±0.00d
), ArticleFig(id=1320883820505710833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883810519072920, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

电子束辐照对大黄米蒸煮特性和质构特性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
辐照剂量(kGy)吸水率(%)可溶性固形物含量(%)硬度(g)咀嚼性弹性胶着度黏聚性回复性
0211.37±0.01a4.74±0.17d5241.87±61.01a350.55±16.79b0.25±0.00c1410.19±78.48a0.27±0.02b0.13±0.01a
3190.75±6.34b8.42±0.35c3855.69±41.04b401.26±29.17a0.34±0.24a1169.69±3.79b0.30±0.00a0.12±0.00a
6175.815±0.11c12.79±1.34b3113.98±43.84c249.00±13.22c0.29±0.29b847.39±12.14c0.27±0.00b0.10±0.02b
9165.32±2.46d15.06±1.32b3022.59±28.83c133.81±1.04d0.23±0.23c578.59±11.73d0.19±0.01c0.08±0.00c
12140.14±0.54e18.27±0.99a2362.50±104.61d66.55±4.16e0.18±0.18d379.59±19.33e0.16±0.02d0.07±0.00d
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电子束辐照对大黄米结构、理化性质和蒸煮品质的影响
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申慧珊 1, 2, 3 , 马国帅 1 , 崔赞 1 , 姚佳杭 1, 3 , 王宏伟 1, 2 , 彭乃卫 4 , 刘兴丽 1, 2 , 张华 1, 2, 3, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(13): 145-151
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (13) : 145 -151
电子束辐照对大黄米结构、理化性质和蒸煮品质的影响
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申慧珊1, 2, 3 , 马国帅1, 崔赞1, 姚佳杭1, 3, 王宏伟1, 2, 彭乃卫4, 刘兴丽1, 2, 张华1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1郑州轻工业大学食品与生物工程学院,河南郑州 450001
  • 2面制食品国家地方联合工程研究中心(河南),河南郑州 450001
  • 3中原食品实验室,河南漯河 462300
  • 4郑州宏源生物工程有限公司,河南郑州 450000
通讯作者:
张华(1975−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:速冻食品加工与安全控制,E-mail:。
作者简介:

申慧珊(1994−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:淀粉结构修饰和功能化调控,E-mail:

Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Structure, Physicochemical Properties and Cooking Quality of Proso Millet
Huishan SHEN1, 2, 3 , Guoshuai MA1, Zan CUI1, Jiahang YAO1, 3, Hongwei WANG1, 2, Naiwei PENG4, Xingli LIU1, 2, Hua ZHANG1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
  • 2National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Wheat Flour Food, Zhengzhou 450001, China
  • 3Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China
  • 4Zhengzhou Hongyuan Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450000, China
出版时间: 2026-07-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070136
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为了探究电子束辐照对大黄米结构、理化性质及蒸煮品质的影响,本研究采用不同剂量的电子束(0、3、6、9、12 kGy)对大黄米进行辐照处理,系统分析了大黄米的结晶结构、短程有序结构、直链淀粉含量、破损淀粉含量、糊化特性、热力学特性、溶解度、膨胀力、蒸煮特性以及质构特性的变化。结果表明,电子束辐照破坏了大黄米的结晶结构,随着辐照剂量的增加,大黄米的相对结晶度从19.46%显著降低至11.76%(P<0.05),直链淀粉含量由4.93%降至2.25%,而淀粉酶指数则由75.86%增加至76.53%。经过电子束辐照处理,大黄米的峰值黏度、谷值黏度、最终黏度等黏度参数、热力学转变温度和膨胀力显著降低(P<0.05),而溶解度显著增加(P<0.05)。最终,这些变化改善了大黄米的蒸煮品质,经12 kGy辐照处理后,熟制米样的硬度和咀嚼性分别降低了54.93%和81.02%,可溶性固形物含量增加了285.44%。电子束辐照有效改善了大黄米的加工特性,使其更适合制作具有黏稠质地和柔软口感的粥类食品。研究结果揭示了电子束辐照对大黄米品质的影响规律,为该技术在粮食高效保鲜与高值化加工中的应用提供了科学依据,对推动大黄米产业可持续发展具有重要实践意义。

大黄米  /  电子束辐照  /  结构  /  理化性质  /  蒸煮品质

To investigate the effect of electron beam irradiation (EBI) on the structure, physicochemical properties, and cooking quality, this study applied electron beam irradiation at different doses (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 kGy) to proso millet. The crystalline structure, short-range ordered structure, amylose content, damaged starch content, pasting properties, thermal properties, solubility, swelling power, cooking characteristics, and textural properties of proso millet were measured. The results showed that EBI destroyed the crystalline structure of proso millet. As the irradiation dose increased, the relative crystallinity significantly decreased from 19.46% to 11.76% (P<0.05), accompanied by a reduction in amylose content from 4.93% to 2.25% and an increase in the amylose index from 75.86% to 76.53%. Consistent with these structural alterations, EBI led to a substantial decline in the pasting properties, thermodynamic transition temperature, and swelling power (P<0.05). In contrast, the solubility increased considerably (P<0.05). These changes collectively contributed to an improvement in cooking quality, after 12 kGy irradiation, manifested by a reduction in the hardness and chewiness of the cooked proso millet by 54.93% and 81.02%, respectively, and an 285.44% increase in soluble solid content. EBI effectively improved the processability of proso millet, making it more suitable for making porridge with a thick texture and soft taste. The results revealed the influence of EBI on the quality of proso millet. It provides a scientific basis for the application of EBI in the efficient preservation and high-value processing of grain. Besides, this study is of great practical significance to promote the sustainable development of the proso millet industry.

proso millet  /  electron beam irradiation  /  structure  /  physicochemical properties  /  cooking quality
申慧珊, 马国帅, 崔赞, 姚佳杭, 王宏伟, 彭乃卫, 刘兴丽, 张华. 电子束辐照对大黄米结构、理化性质和蒸煮品质的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (13) : 145 -151 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070136
Huishan SHEN, Guoshuai MA, Zan CUI, Jiahang YAO, Hongwei WANG, Naiwei PENG, Xingli LIU, Hua ZHANG. Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Structure, Physicochemical Properties and Cooking Quality of Proso Millet[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (13) : 145 -151 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070136
大黄米由禾本科黍属一年生草本植物的籽粒经脱壳加工而成,其适应性广,具有耐旱、耐热、耐盐碱、喜光、生育期短等特性,在非洲、北美洲及我国西北、华北及西南等地的山区广泛种植[1−2]。大黄米的营养价值丰富,含有蛋白质、碳水化合物、膳食纤维、维生素、活性成分、微量元素等多种营养物质[3−4]。大黄米蛋白中含有17种氨基酸,其中人体必需的8种氨基酸含量均高于玉米、小麦和大米,且其蛋白质中必需氨基酸构成比例较平衡,可作为人体优质蛋白的补充来源[5];更重要的是,大黄米蛋白质组成与小麦类似,但不含致敏性麸质蛋白,是乳糜泻患者和麸质过敏人群的理想食物[6]。大黄米常见的食用方式主要包括直接煮粥、制作粽子等传统食品,或经粉碎加工后用于制作各类糕点,如大黄米汤圆、黄米年糕、黄米锅巴及饼类食品,还常用于酿造药食两用的黄酒。但是,大黄米在储存和加工过程中易受到微生物污染和虫害侵扰,造成资源浪费,同时,天然大黄米的功能特性有限,我国对大黄米的利用率较低,精深加工产品种类较少[7−9]。因此,研究兼具杀虫灭菌功效以提升储存稳定性,并能有效改善大黄米品质的新型加工技术,对于推动大黄米加工产业提质升级、持续发展具有重要意义。
电子束辐照是一种新型非热加工技术,因效率高、耗能少、操作简单和灭菌彻底等优点而被广泛用于食品工业生产中[10−11]。电子束辐照不仅可以杀灭粮食和食品中的害虫和微生物,改善其储藏品质,同时也会对粮食中淀粉、蛋白质等成分产生影响,改善食品品质[12]。目前的研究揭示了电子束辐照在小麦粉、玉米、高粱、稻谷、青稞等谷物中的应用,Pan等[13]、赵军轻[14]报道电子束辐照处理能有效抑制稻谷和小麦中微生物生长,增强稻谷和小麦的储藏稳定性,延缓稻谷和小麦品质劣变。李克等[15]发现电子束辐照可以降解玉米中的玉米赤霉烯酮和呕吐毒素,为电子束辐照在粮食真菌毒素降解中的应用提供了理论参考。陈雪从等[16]发现在0~1.5 kGy剂量内,电子束辐照处理不仅能够有效杀菌,还能保持青稞米的氨基酸组成和含量,确保其蛋白质营养价值不受影响。但是,不同谷物因其组分和结构特性的差异,在品质改良和货架期延长等方面对电子束辐照剂量的响应存在显著区别。杨苗等[17]发现电子束辐照能显著提升大黄米的酚类物质含量并增强其抗氧化活性。然而,目前关于电子束辐照对大黄米结构和理化特性影响的研究仍显不足,这在一定程度上制约了大黄米在食品工业中的深度开发和广泛应用。
因此,本研究使用不同剂量电子束辐照处理大黄米,研究电子束辐照对大黄米的结晶结构、短程有序结构、糊化特性、溶解度、膨胀力、热力学特性等结构和理化性质的影响,为大黄米精深加工产品的开发提供理论参考,推动大黄米产业转型升级与提质增效。
糯性大黄米 张家口惠康食品有限公司;溴化钾(KBr) 天津市光复科技发展有限公司;硼酸 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;碘化钾 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;所有化学试剂均为分析纯。
10 MeV高能电子加速器 郑州宏源生物工程有限公司;XA-3高速粉碎机 常州苏瑞仪器有限公司;ULTIMA IV型X射线衍射仪 日本理学公司;Vertex 70傅里叶变换红外光谱仪 德国Bruker公司;UV-1100紫外分光光度计 上海佑科仪器仪表有限公司;SD Matic-2破损淀粉测定仪 法国Sdmatic公司;S3500激光衍射粒度分析仪 美国贝克曼库尔特有限公司;RVA 4500型快速黏度分析仪 瑞典Perten仪器公司;DSC Q20差示扫描量热仪 美国Waters公司;TA-XT plus质构分析仪 英国Stable Micro Systems公司。
称量500 g大黄米装进透明聚乙烯塑料袋并密封,轻轻按压使其厚度大概为1 cm。使用10 MeV/20 kW高能电子加速器对大黄米样品进行3、6、9、12 kGy剂量的辐照处理,未辐照大黄米(0 kGy)作为对照组。借助高速粉碎机将大黄米研磨成粉末,过100目筛,备用。
使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)测定大黄米的结晶结构,使用Cu靶作为辐射源,衍射角范围为5°~50°之间,工作电压和电流分别为40 kV和40 mA,步长为0.02°,扫描速度为5°/min。
使用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)测定大黄米的短程有序结构。将大黄米样品与干燥的KBr按照1:100的质量比例混合研磨之后压片。条件参数:KBr薄片作背景,扫描范围4000~400 cm−1,分辨率4 cm−1。
参照GB/T 15683-2008《大米直链淀粉含量的测定》。
称量3.0 g的硼酸和3.0 g的碘化钾放入反应杯中,加入120 mL的蒸馏水,滴加1滴0.1 mol/L的硫代硫酸钠溶液配制试剂,然后准确称取1 g的大黄米加入到反应杯中,并放到破损淀粉测定仪中进行测试。
取少量大黄米放入去离子水中,充分振荡,超声2 min充分分散大黄米粉,形成折射率在10%~15%的悬浮液,用粒度分析仪对样品进行测定。
称取3 g大黄米于专用铝盒内,加入25 mL蒸馏水,混匀后放入快速黏度分析仪中进行测定。程序参数设置为:初始温度50 ℃,搅拌速率960 r/min,保持1 min;以12 ℃/min的速度升温至95 ℃,搅拌速率160 r/min,保持2.5 min;最后以12 ℃/min的速度降温至50 ℃,保持2 min。
称取3 mg大黄米于铝制坩埚中,加入9 μL去离子水,加盖密封,4 ℃平衡12 h。参数设置为:空坩埚作对照,加热温度范围20~120 ℃,升温速率10 ℃/min,N2作保护气,流速为50 mL/min。
称取0.5 g(W)大黄米,加入25 mL蒸馏水配制成质量分数为2%的乳液,将其涡旋混匀后置于90 ℃水浴锅中加热30 min,期间保持120 r/min持续振荡。然后以3500 r/min离心15 min,上清液倒入已恒重的铝盒中烘干至恒重,得到被溶解样品量A(g);称量沉淀物质量记为B(g)。按照下列公式计算溶解度(S)和膨胀力(P):
$ \text{溶解度}\mathrm{S}( \text{%}) =\frac{\mathrm{A}}{\mathrm{W}}\times 100 $
$ \text{膨胀力}\mathrm{P}( \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{g}) =\frac{\mathrm{B}}{\mathrm{W}\times (100-\mathrm{S})} $
称取7 g(W1)大黄米放入装有120 mL沸水的烧杯中,然后置于电炉上煮20 min。然后通过双层纱布过滤,将煮熟的大黄米从米汤中分离出来。随后测定吸水率、可溶性固形物含量。
将从米汤中分离出来的大黄米置于滤纸上30 min,去除表面水分后称重,记为W2(g)。按照下列公式计算吸水率:
$ \mathrm{吸水率}(\text{%})=\frac{{\mathrm{W}}_{2}-{\mathrm{W}}_{1}}{{\mathrm{W}}_{1}}\times 100 $
将分离出大黄米的米汤转移至100 mL容量瓶,定容,吸取20 mL至50 mL离心管中,并以4000 r/min的速度离心15 min,将10 mL上清液转移至已经恒重(M1)的铝盒中,然后在105 ℃的烘箱中干燥至恒重(M2)。按照下列公式计算可溶性固形物含量:
$ \mathrm{可溶性固形物含量}(\text{%})=\frac{{10\times (\mathrm{M}}_{2}-{\mathrm{M}}_{1})}{{\mathrm{W}}_{1}}\times 100 $
称取3 g大黄米放置在铝制容器中,按照水米比1.3:1加入蒸馏水浸泡30 min,将铝制容器置于电饭煲中蒸30 min,然后保温10 min。使用配备P/36R探头的质构分析仪对蒸熟的大黄米进行质构分析。采用TPA测试模式,参数设置为:应变50%,测前、测中和测后速度分别设定为2、1和10 mm/s。
所有实验均重复测定3次,结果以平均值±标准差呈现。采用SPSS 19.0软件进行ANOVA方差分析,P<0.05表示具有显著性差异,并利用Origin 8.2软件绘图。
X射线衍射是反映淀粉结晶结构的有效指标。如图1所示,未辐照大黄米在衍射角(2θ)为15°、17°、18°和23°处显示出较强的衍射峰,表明大黄米中淀粉为A型结晶结构。电子束辐照处理后,大黄米的衍射峰位置未发生明显变化,表明电子束辐照没有改变大黄米中淀粉的晶型。电子束辐照对大黄米相对结晶度的影响见表1,未辐照大黄米(0 kGy)的相对结晶度为19.46%,经过3、6、9、12 kGy电子束辐照处理后,大黄米的相对结晶度分别降低至18.42%、16.91%、14.60%和11.76%。电子束辐照处理的水稻[13]和藜麦[18]中也发现相似的结果。这可能是电子束辐照产生的自由基打断了淀粉分子间的糖苷键,支链淀粉侧链断裂,淀粉的有序结构被破坏,最终导致相对结晶度下降。
傅里叶变换红外光谱是分析淀粉分子结构的有效方法。FT-IR图谱中1047 cm−1处的吸收峰强度与淀粉结晶有序结构有关,1022 cm−1处的吸收峰强度反映无定形区淀粉分子的数量,1047/1022 cm−1峰强度比(R1047/1022)可评估淀粉的短程有序性[19]。如图1B所示,所有大黄米样品的FT-IR光谱在特征峰方面没有差异,表明电子束辐照处理没有使大黄米产生新的官能团。电子束辐照对大黄米R1047/1022值的影响见表1,未辐照大黄米(0 kGy)的R1047/1022值为0.826,随着辐照剂量的增加,R1047/1022值逐渐增加,表明电子束辐照处理导致大黄米重新组合形成稳定的最终产物,从而增强了淀粉的短程有序性。Lei等[20]报告了电子束辐照导致马铃薯淀粉的R1047/1022值呈现先上升后下降的趋势,辐照处理过程中小淀粉分子重新组合形成稳定的最终产物,从而加强了淀粉的短程有序性。
直链淀粉含量影响大黄米的许多理化和功能性质,如水合特性、糊化特性、消化特性等。由表1可知,未辐照大黄米(0 kGy)的直链淀粉含量为4.93%,与杨清华[9]的研究中报道的糯性大黄米直链淀粉含量在2.24%~5.55%之间相符。电子束辐照处理显著降低了大黄米的直链淀粉含量(P<0.05),经3、6、9和12 kGy剂量辐照,大黄米的直链淀粉含量分别降低为3.28%、3.36%、2.21%和2.25%。这是因为电子束辐照引起直链淀粉链的降解,导致直链淀粉和碘分子之间的络合能力降低。Wang等[21]也发现山药粉的直链淀粉含量随电子束辐照剂量的增加而降低,未辐照山药粉的直链淀粉含量为25.09%,在14.97 kGy剂量处理下降低至17.00%。
破损淀粉是评价大黄米品质的重要指标,淀粉酶指数表示破损淀粉含量在样品中所占的比例,淀粉酶指数越高,表示样品中破损淀粉含量越高。如表1所示,经电子束辐照处理后,大黄米的淀粉酶指数显著上升(P<0.05)。原因可能是电子束辐照产生的高能电子束轰击大黄米,导致其中的淀粉颗粒表面及内部结构产生破裂,从而提高了破损淀粉含量。同样的结果在魏会惠等[22]的研究中观察到,随着电子束辐照剂量的增加,小麦粉的破损淀粉含量随之增加。
表2为电子束辐照处理后大黄米的粒径分布。D(4,3)为体积平均直径,反映样品颗粒的总体体积分布;D10、D50和D90为累积分布百分数达到10%、50%和90%时所对应的粒径值。由表2可知,电子束辐照剂量增加到12 kGy时,大黄米的D(4,3)、D10、D50和D90分别从75.49、6.64、62.17和169.19 μm增加至94.30、11.73、86.76和187.05 μm,而比表面积由4666.54 m2/g减小至3364.61 m2/g,表明电子束辐照处理后,大黄米的粒径显著增加。这可能是因为在电子束辐照的作用下,大黄米颗粒发生聚集和膨胀,导致粒径的增加。这与张捷[23]采用γ射线辐照处理面粉的粒径分布结果一致,经25 kGy的γ射线辐照处理,面粉中淀粉的D(4,3)、D10、D50和D90增加到23.54、7.44、21.81和38.40 μm。
电子束辐照对大黄米糊化特性参数的影响见表3。电子束辐照处理显著降低了大黄米的峰值黏度、谷值黏度、崩解值、最终黏度和回生值(P<0.05),且降低幅度与电子束辐照剂量正相关,但对糊化温度无显著影响(P>0.05)。类似的糊化黏度降低现象也在电子束辐照处理的高粱、大米和小米中观察到[24−26]。电子束辐照使大黄米中的淀粉和蛋白质分子链断裂,产生更多小分子片段并暴露更多极性基团,从而增加了大黄米中的可溶性固形物含量,导致糊化黏度降低[17]。此外,根据Xue等[27]的研究报道,电子束辐照处理会使谷物粉表面诱导带相同电荷,由于相同电荷之间的排斥效应,淀粉分子间的相互作用力被削弱,从而进一步降低了体系的糊化黏度。崩解值表示大黄米在加热过程中黏度的下降程度,反映了大黄米的热稳定性。经电子束辐照处理后,大黄米的崩解值显著降低(P<0.05),表明辐照处理后的大黄米在受热过程中能够更好地维持其结构稳定性,表现出更高的热稳定性。回生值是表征大黄米老化能力的重要参数。辐照大黄米的回生值显著低于未辐照大黄米(P<0.05),表明电子束辐照能够有效延缓大黄米的短期老化过程,对维持其品质稳定性具有积极作用。
电子束辐照对大黄米热力学特性的影响见表4。未辐照大黄米(0 kGy)的起始温度(To)、峰值温度(Tp)和终值温度(Tc)分别为70.12、75.50和86.53 ℃,电子束辐照处理显著降低了大黄米的To、Tp和Tc(P<0.05),且降低幅度与电子束辐照剂量正相关。电子束辐照处理后,大黄米中淀粉多尺度结构的变化包括分子量的降低、支链淀粉链的断裂、结晶结构的改变,直链淀粉的浸出及无定形区域的减少,这些因素都可能导致大黄米热力学性质的变化。糊化焓(ΔH)代表淀粉颗粒糊化过程中双螺旋有序结构解旋和熔融所需的能量。随着电子束辐照剂量的增加,大黄米的∆H呈逐渐下降趋势,表明电子束辐照处理的大黄米加热糊化所需的能量更少,更容易糊化。这可能是因为电子束辐照引起支链淀粉侧链断裂,双螺旋和结晶结构破坏,导致热力学温度和糊化焓降低[28]。
溶解度和膨胀力是反映淀粉与水分子相互作用的重要指标。如图2(A)所示,未辐照大黄米(0 kGy)的溶解度较低(6.81%),经电子束辐照处理后,大黄米的溶解度显著增加(P<0.05),12 kGy辐照处理的大黄米的溶解度高达37.21%。一方面,电子束辐照打断了大黄米中淀粉分子之间的糖苷键,导致淀粉分子解聚、支链淀粉长链断裂,形成更多短链糊精和小分子物质,从而提高了大黄米的溶解度[29];另一方面,电子束辐照破坏了淀粉的结晶结构,使大黄米更易糊化和溶解。另外,电子束辐照产生的自由基破坏了大黄米中蛋白质分子的结构,使多肽链断裂,提高蛋白质的水合能力,增强大黄米的溶解度。
如图2(B)所示,未辐照大黄米(0 kGy)的膨胀力为8.11 g/g,经电子束辐照处理后,大黄米的膨胀力显著降低(P<0.05),12 kGy辐照处理的大黄米的膨胀力降低至4.73 g/g。一方面,电子束辐照破坏了淀粉颗粒的无定形和结晶结构,促使直链淀粉浸出,并推动颗粒膨胀;另一方面,电子束辐照产生了自由基,自由基的作用对支链淀粉链的破坏程度更高[30]。Sudheesh等[31]发现电子束辐照棕榈淀粉之后,其膨胀力随着辐照剂量的增加逐渐降低。
电子束辐照对大黄米蒸煮特性的影响见表5。吸水率代表了大黄米在烹饪过程中吸收水分的能力,未辐照大黄米的吸水率最高(211.37%),经电子束辐照处理后大黄米的吸水率显著降低(P<0.05),12 kGy电子束辐照处理后的大黄米的吸水率降低至140.14%。这可能是因为辐照会解聚大黄米中的淀粉分子,导致支链淀粉链断裂,晶体结构破坏,从而使淀粉颗粒的吸水性能下降。同样的结果在Li等[25]的研究中观察到,随着电子束辐照剂量的增加,小米的吸水率呈逐渐下降趋势。
可溶性固形物是指大黄米加热时溶解在水中的物质。电子束辐照处理显著提高了大黄米的可溶性固形物含量(P<0.05)。这种现象可能是因为辐照破坏了大黄米中淀粉的分子结构,使直链淀粉和支链淀粉解聚,形成更易溶于水的小分子片段[32]。此外,电子束辐照导致大黄米的细胞壁结构部分破裂,减少了对可溶性物质的束缚作用,从而促进其在煮制过程中的释放[33]。类似的现象在辐照后的水稻中发现,其可溶性固形物含量随辐照剂量增加呈上升趋势[34]。
电子束辐照对大黄米质构特性的影响见表5。未辐照大黄米的硬度为5241.87 g,随着电子束辐照剂量的增加,煮后大黄米的硬度呈逐渐下降趋势,12 kGy辐照后大黄米的硬度降低至2362.50 g,表明电子束辐照使大黄米煮后变软。电子束辐照降解了大黄米中的淀粉分子,增强了淀粉颗粒的吸水膨胀能力,使糊化过程更充分,从而显著降低煮后米粒的硬度。熟制大黄米的硬度与其咀嚼性密切相关,硬度越大则咀嚼感越强[3],电子束辐照处理后大黄米的咀嚼性整体变化趋势与硬度一致,在以前的研究中也观察到了类似的现象[35]。此外,电子束辐照处理降低了煮后大黄米的黏聚性,这可能是由于辐照处理破坏了分子间作用力(如分子链断裂)并促进可溶性固形物溶出,进而导致黏聚性下降。辐照后的大黄米由于较高的可溶性固形物含量和较低的硬度、咀嚼性和黏聚性,适合用于制作口感黏稠柔软的粥类食品。
本文研究了电子束辐照对大黄米结构、理化特性及蒸煮品质的影响。结果表明,电子束辐照未改变大黄米的晶型,但相对结晶度显著降低,同时增强了短程有序性。经过电子束辐照处理后,大黄米的直链淀粉含量显著降低,破损淀粉含量和粒径显著增加。随着辐照剂量的增加,大黄米的糊化黏度(峰值黏度、谷值黏度、崩解值、最终黏度和回生值)、热力学参数(起始温度、峰值温度、最终温度)和膨胀力显著降低,而溶解度显著增加。此外,电子束辐照处理不仅显著降低了大黄米煮制后的硬度和咀嚼性,还提高了其可溶性固形物含量,使大黄米更适合制作口感黏稠柔软的粥类食品。电子束辐照作为一种有效的杀菌技术,可以杀灭粮食和食品中的害虫和微生物,但其对大黄米储藏品质的影响尚不清楚,后续将继续探究电子束辐照对大黄米储藏品质的影响。

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2026年第47卷第13期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070136
  • 接收时间:2025-07-10
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-07-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-10
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    1郑州轻工业大学食品与生物工程学院,河南郑州 450001
    2面制食品国家地方联合工程研究中心(河南),河南郑州 450001
    3中原食品实验室,河南漯河 462300
    4郑州宏源生物工程有限公司,河南郑州 450000

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张华(1975−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:速冻食品加工与安全控制,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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