Article(id=1320883789539160939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320881884691808691, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060222, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750262400000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852836260, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1782835200000, pubDateStr=2026-07-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852836260, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852836260, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852836260, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320881884691808691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='13', pageStart='1', pageEnd='522', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782835200000', pubDateStr='2026-07-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852382109, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852382109, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=116, endPage=124, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320883791351100268, articleId=1320883789539160939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation on the Quality and Volatile Flavor Compounds of Chestnut Milk, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study investigated the effects of α-amylase enzymatic hydrolysis, lactic acid bacteria fermentation, and combined enzymatic-fermentation treatments on the nutritional quality, antioxidant activity, bioaccessibility of total phenolics and flavonoids, and volatile flavor compounds of chestnut milk. The results demonstrated that both fermentation and enzymatic-fermentation treatments significantly increased the content of total phenolics and flavonoids in chestnut milk (P<0.05) compared to the control. Enzymatic-fermentation treatment exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, with significant improvements in hydroxyl radical, ABTS+ radical, and DPPH radical scavenging capacities by 15.80%, 14.84% and 29.29%, respectively. Additionally, enzymatic-fermentation significantly enhanced the bioaccessibility of total phenolics and flavonoids in both gastric and intestinal stages, with increases of 45.81% and 78.95% for phenolics, and 59.43% and 91.17% for flavonoids, respectively. The enzymatic-fermentation treatment also had the most profound effect on the volatile flavor compounds in chestnut milk. This combined approach resulted in the detection of 34 different aroma compounds, primarily including 2,3-butanedione, 1,2-butanediol and acetaldehyde, contributing to a creamy and fruity aroma profile. In conclusion, the combination of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation effectively improved the nutritional components and flavor characteristics of chestnut milk, enhancing its nutritional value and antioxidant capacity.

, authors=Xiaobin TANG1, 2, 3, Xiujuan HE1, Fang LUO2, 3, Yong SUI2, Jianbin SHI2, Tian XIONG2, Xin MEI2, *, Wenming QIU1, *, authorsList=Xiaobin TANG, Xiujuan HE, Fang LUO, Yong SUI, Jianbin SHI, Tian XIONG, Xin MEI, Wenming QIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xin MEI, Wenming QIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320883792672306039, articleId=1320883789539160939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=酶解和乳酸菌发酵对板栗乳品质及挥发性风味物质的影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文探究了α-淀粉酶酶解、乳酸菌发酵及酶解发酵联合处理对板栗乳营养品质、抗氧化活性、总酚及总黄酮的生物可及性以及挥发性风味物质含量的影响,结果表明:相比于对照,发酵、酶解发酵处理均可显著提高板栗乳中总酚、总黄酮含量(P<0.05);酶解发酵处理板栗乳抗氧化活性最高,其羟自由基、ABTS+自由基和DPPH自由基清除率分别提高了15.80%、14.84%和29.29%;酶解发酵处理的板栗乳在胃、肠阶段总酚的生物可及性分别提升了45.81%、78.95%,总黄酮的生物可及性分别提升了59.43%、91.17%。酶解发酵处理对板栗乳挥发性风味物质含量及种类影响最大,结合了酶解和发酵的优势,共检测出34种挥发性风味物质,主要有2,3-丁二酮、1,2-丁二醇、乙醛等,呈现奶油果香。综上,酶解发酵联合处理可有效改善板栗乳的营养成分与风味特性,提升其营养价值及抗氧化活性。

, authors=汤晓彬1, 2, 3, 何秀娟1, 罗芳2, 3, 隋勇2, 施建斌2, 熊添2, 梅新2, *, 邱文明1, *, authorsList=汤晓彬, 何秀娟, 罗芳, 隋勇, 施建斌, 熊添, 梅新, 邱文明, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=梅新, 邱文明, authorNote=

汤晓彬(2003−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:粮食加工,E-mail:

何秀娟(1982−),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:板栗品种选育,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
梅新(1978−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:粮食加工及副产物加工利用,E-mail:。
邱文明(1984−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:果树遗传育种,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=N3z5pj7ThokKfy7+6FZRmg==, magXml=MBnyMQq36SCqkZ1RU310Jw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=vDj5l2OexR4mZ/SuCw1W8A==, pdfFileSize=1375114, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=RMUjKHNyqqYcMnYQqOcpYw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=gk1CmCuRTtPgtgK8Mqp+4g==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320883793314034562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=TXB37771@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320883793418892166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, authorId=1320883793314034562, language=EN, stringName=Xiaobin TANG, firstName=Xiaobin, middleName=null, lastName=TANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
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Food Chemistry, 2023, 408: 135155., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320883792915575672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883792923964281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, companyId=1320883792915575672, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883792932352890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, companyId=1320883792915575672, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所,果树种质创新与利用湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉 430064)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320883793003656059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883793012044668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, companyId=1320883793003656059, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro-product, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-product Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883793020433277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, companyId=1320883793003656059, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2农业农村部农产品冷链物流技术重点实验室,湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所,湖北武汉 430064)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320883793225954174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883793234342783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, companyId=1320883793225954174, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, National R & D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Green Se-rich Agricultural Products, Wuhan 430048, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883793246925696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, companyId=1320883793225954174, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3武汉轻工大学硒科学与工程现代产业学院,国家富硒农产品加工技术研发专业中心,湖北省绿色富硒农产品精深加工工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉 430048)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320883798489805750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effects of enzymatic hydrolysis and lactic acid bacteria fermentation on the antioxidant capacity of chestnut milk, figureFileSmall=kWax/koa9UZfSHN2XsCEqw==, figureFileBig=RMUjKHNyqqYcMnYQqOcpYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883800142361527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, language=CN, label=图1, caption=酶解和乳酸菌发酵对板栗乳抗氧化活性的影响

注:不同字母表示样品间差异显著(P<0.05),图2同。

, figureFileSmall=kWax/koa9UZfSHN2XsCEqw==, figureFileBig=RMUjKHNyqqYcMnYQqOcpYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883800331105208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Bioaccessibility of total phenolics and flavonoids in different chestnut milks during in vitro digestion, figureFileSmall=q4HTh8IsNbNH1anT/W6XcQ==, figureFileBig=m54Mf0to0AVbRHE8gAcJsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883800427574201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同板栗乳体外消化总酚、总黄酮生物可及性, figureFileSmall=q4HTh8IsNbNH1anT/W6XcQ==, figureFileBig=m54Mf0to0AVbRHE8gAcJsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883800494683066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Electronic nose radargrams of different chestnut milk, figureFileSmall=bo5Y0XpnnzGbkXDlAZ7mNQ==, figureFileBig=SvriecobTm0UV0nFg/UC0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883800565986235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同板栗乳电子鼻雷达图, figureFileSmall=bo5Y0XpnnzGbkXDlAZ7mNQ==, figureFileBig=SvriecobTm0UV0nFg/UC0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883800905724860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Electronic nose OPLS-DA result of different chestnut milk, figureFileSmall=ZcYUCF+e4HHe0WR7/SDVjw==, figureFileBig=BuowuZAbm/ztFceH+z+Whw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883800972833725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同板栗乳电子鼻OPLS-DA结果, figureFileSmall=ZcYUCF+e4HHe0WR7/SDVjw==, figureFileBig=BuowuZAbm/ztFceH+z+Whw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883801039942590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Clustering heat map of volatile flavor substances in different chestnut milks, figureFileSmall=QaVTKAhG05A6/PJVALJG1g==, figureFileBig=dGTie1mYIxiyOFGu1cw07w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883801111245759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同板栗乳挥发性风味物质的聚类热图, figureFileSmall=QaVTKAhG05A6/PJVALJG1g==, figureFileBig=dGTie1mYIxiyOFGu1cw07w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883801207714752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

PEN3 portable standard sensor array and its performance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号传感器传感器相应特征
1W1C芳香成分苯类
2W5S氮氧化合物灵敏
3W3C氨类,芳香成分灵敏
4W6S主要对氢化物有选择性
5W5C短链烷烃芳香成分
6W1S甲基类灵敏
7W1W无机硫化物灵敏
8W2S醇类、醛酮类灵敏
9W2W芳香成分、有机硫化物灵敏
10W3S长链烷烃灵敏
), ArticleFig(id=1320883801304183745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

PEN3便携式标准传感器阵列及性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号传感器传感器相应特征
1W1C芳香成分苯类
2W5S氮氧化合物灵敏
3W3C氨类,芳香成分灵敏
4W6S主要对氢化物有选择性
5W5C短链烷烃芳香成分
6W1S甲基类灵敏
7W1W无机硫化物灵敏
8W2S醇类、醛酮类灵敏
9W2W芳香成分、有机硫化物灵敏
10W3S长链烷烃灵敏
), ArticleFig(id=1320883801379681218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effects of enzymatic hydrolysis and lacticacid bacteria fermentation on the physicochemical properties of chestnut milk

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称可溶性固形物(°Brix)pH酸度(°T)稳定性(%)
对照板栗乳9.06±0.23a6.75±0.11a8.22±0.61b83.78±0.73b
酶解板栗乳9.13±0.25a6.83±0.02a9.38±0.46b85.54±0.19a
发酵板栗乳8.83±0.15a3.78±0.10b53.71±0.54a64.64±0.55d
酶解发酵板栗乳8.80±0.26a3.85±0.02b54.14±1.16a69.22±2.07c
), ArticleFig(id=1320883801488733123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

酶解和乳酸菌发酵对板栗乳理化特性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称可溶性固形物(°Brix)pH酸度(°T)稳定性(%)
对照板栗乳9.06±0.23a6.75±0.11a8.22±0.61b83.78±0.73b
酶解板栗乳9.13±0.25a6.83±0.02a9.38±0.46b85.54±0.19a
发酵板栗乳8.83±0.15a3.78±0.10b53.71±0.54a64.64±0.55d
酶解发酵板栗乳8.80±0.26a3.85±0.02b54.14±1.16a69.22±2.07c
), ArticleFig(id=1320883801622950852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of enzymatic hydrolysis and lactic acid bacteria fermentation on nutritional quality of chestnut milk

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称蛋白质(g/100 mL)还原糖(μg/mL)总酚(mg/mL)总黄酮(mg/mL)
对照板栗乳11.51±0.16a9.59±0.08c0.20±0.03c0.22±0.02bc
酶解板栗乳11.18±0.21b26.57±0.52a0.19±0.01c0.21±0.01c
发酵板栗乳10.75±0.02c7.00±0.08d0.30±0.02a0.24±0.01b
酶解发酵板栗乳10.04±0.16d23.89±0.41b0.27±0.01b0.26±0.01a
), ArticleFig(id=1320883801685865413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

酶解和乳酸菌发酵对板栗乳的营养品质的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称蛋白质(g/100 mL)还原糖(μg/mL)总酚(mg/mL)总黄酮(mg/mL)
对照板栗乳11.51±0.16a9.59±0.08c0.20±0.03c0.22±0.02bc
酶解板栗乳11.18±0.21b26.57±0.52a0.19±0.01c0.21±0.01c
发酵板栗乳10.75±0.02c7.00±0.08d0.30±0.02a0.24±0.01b
酶解发酵板栗乳10.04±0.16d23.89±0.41b0.27±0.01b0.26±0.01a
), ArticleFig(id=1320883801765557190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Volatile flavor compounds of different chestnut milk

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类CAS挥发性物质分子式相对含量(%)
对照板栗乳酶解板栗乳发酵板栗乳酶解发酵板栗乳
醇类71-36-3正丁醇C4H10O−−0.260.08
3391-86-41-辛烯-3-醇C8H16O−−0.17−
104-76-72-乙基-1-己醇C8H18O0.47−0.130.09
584-03-21,2-丁二醇C4H10O2−−−3.65
111-27-31-己醇C6H14O−−1.220.28
111-27-3正己醇C6H14O−−0.170.25
71-41-01-戊醇C5H12O−0.110.260.23
565-67-32-甲基-3-戊醇C6H14O0.030.051.422.46
64-17-5乙醇C2H6O9.498.593.343.16
597-49-93-乙基-3-戊醇C7H16O0.060.06−0.05
2919-23-5环丁醇C4H8O0.540.41−0.05
67-63-0异丙醇C3H8O−−−1.35
酸类64-19-7乙酸C2H4O2−−3.163.24
142-62-1己酸C6H12O2−−3.001.28
107-92-6丁酸C4H8O2−−0.860.59
503-74-23-甲基丁酸C5H10O2−−0.360.38
591-81-14-羟基丁酸C4H8O30.38−−0.04
酮类513-86-03-羟基-2-丁酮C4H8O2−−3.555.45
600-14-62,3-戊二酮C5H8O2−−0.111.87
431-03-82,3-丁二酮C4H6O2−−8.325.84
67-64-1丙酮C3H6O0.623.220.410.98
4984-85-43-羟基-4-己酮C6H12O2−−−2.90
78-93-32-丁酮C4H8O0.240.080.110.11
107-87-92-戊酮C5H10O0.490.700.111.87
110-43-02-庚酮C7H14O1.272.301.131.23
821-55-62-壬酮C9H18O−0.112.290.10
112-12-92-十一酮C11H22O−−0.23−
589-38-83-己酮C6H12O−−1.091.52
98-86-2苯乙酮C8H8O0.110.10−−
胺类75-31-0异丙胺C3H9N1.480.781.740.13
79-05-0丙酰胺C3H7NO0.020.20−−
75-31-02-丙胺C3H9N0.23−−−
78-90-01,2-丙二胺C3H10N20.010.51−−
107-91-5氰乙酰胺C3H4N2O−1.671.670.25
酯类108-05-4乙酸乙烯酯C4H6O20.05−0.211.11
145747-16-6甲氧基乙酸己酯C9H18O3−−−0.07
108-64-53-甲基丁酸乙酯C7H14O20.05−−−
2524-52-92-吡啶甲酸乙酯C8H9NO20.050.13−−
1000305-90-0异丙氧基氨基甲酸乙酯C6H13NO32.592.841.27
591-81-14-羟基丁酸乙酰酯C4H8O30.38−−−
醛类66-25-1己醛C6H12O−0.252.91−
110-62-3戊醛C5H10O1.31−−−
75-07-0乙醛C2H4O0.020.033.813.88
124-19-6壬醛C9H18O−−0.31−
其他
物质
560-21-42,3,3-三甲基戊烷C8H18−0.38−−
625-54-72-乙氧基丙烷C5H12O−−0.250.05
13952-84-62-氨基丁烷C4H11N−0.16−−
625-54-72-乙氧丙烷C5H12O−−0.210.06
91-20-3环烷C10H80.12−1.823.13
108-95-2苯酚C6H6O0.07−−−
110-85-0哌嗪C4H10N2−0.49−−
3777-69-32-戊基呋喃C9H14O−−0.37−
1020-31-13,5-二叔丁基邻苯二酚C14H22O2−0.05−−
), ArticleFig(id=1320883801862026183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同板栗乳的挥发性成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类CAS挥发性物质分子式相对含量(%)
对照板栗乳酶解板栗乳发酵板栗乳酶解发酵板栗乳
醇类71-36-3正丁醇C4H10O−−0.260.08
3391-86-41-辛烯-3-醇C8H16O−−0.17−
104-76-72-乙基-1-己醇C8H18O0.47−0.130.09
584-03-21,2-丁二醇C4H10O2−−−3.65
111-27-31-己醇C6H14O−−1.220.28
111-27-3正己醇C6H14O−−0.170.25
71-41-01-戊醇C5H12O−0.110.260.23
565-67-32-甲基-3-戊醇C6H14O0.030.051.422.46
64-17-5乙醇C2H6O9.498.593.343.16
597-49-93-乙基-3-戊醇C7H16O0.060.06−0.05
2919-23-5环丁醇C4H8O0.540.41−0.05
67-63-0异丙醇C3H8O−−−1.35
酸类64-19-7乙酸C2H4O2−−3.163.24
142-62-1己酸C6H12O2−−3.001.28
107-92-6丁酸C4H8O2−−0.860.59
503-74-23-甲基丁酸C5H10O2−−0.360.38
591-81-14-羟基丁酸C4H8O30.38−−0.04
酮类513-86-03-羟基-2-丁酮C4H8O2−−3.555.45
600-14-62,3-戊二酮C5H8O2−−0.111.87
431-03-82,3-丁二酮C4H6O2−−8.325.84
67-64-1丙酮C3H6O0.623.220.410.98
4984-85-43-羟基-4-己酮C6H12O2−−−2.90
78-93-32-丁酮C4H8O0.240.080.110.11
107-87-92-戊酮C5H10O0.490.700.111.87
110-43-02-庚酮C7H14O1.272.301.131.23
821-55-62-壬酮C9H18O−0.112.290.10
112-12-92-十一酮C11H22O−−0.23−
589-38-83-己酮C6H12O−−1.091.52
98-86-2苯乙酮C8H8O0.110.10−−
胺类75-31-0异丙胺C3H9N1.480.781.740.13
79-05-0丙酰胺C3H7NO0.020.20−−
75-31-02-丙胺C3H9N0.23−−−
78-90-01,2-丙二胺C3H10N20.010.51−−
107-91-5氰乙酰胺C3H4N2O−1.671.670.25
酯类108-05-4乙酸乙烯酯C4H6O20.05−0.211.11
145747-16-6甲氧基乙酸己酯C9H18O3−−−0.07
108-64-53-甲基丁酸乙酯C7H14O20.05−−−
2524-52-92-吡啶甲酸乙酯C8H9NO20.050.13−−
1000305-90-0异丙氧基氨基甲酸乙酯C6H13NO32.592.841.27
591-81-14-羟基丁酸乙酰酯C4H8O30.38−−−
醛类66-25-1己醛C6H12O−0.252.91−
110-62-3戊醛C5H10O1.31−−−
75-07-0乙醛C2H4O0.020.033.813.88
124-19-6壬醛C9H18O−−0.31−
其他
物质
560-21-42,3,3-三甲基戊烷C8H18−0.38−−
625-54-72-乙氧基丙烷C5H12O−−0.250.05
13952-84-62-氨基丁烷C4H11N−0.16−−
625-54-72-乙氧丙烷C5H12O−−0.210.06
91-20-3环烷C10H80.12−1.823.13
108-95-2苯酚C6H6O0.07−−−
110-85-0哌嗪C4H10N2−0.49−−
3777-69-32-戊基呋喃C9H14O−−0.37−
1020-31-13,5-二叔丁基邻苯二酚C14H22O2−0.05−−
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酶解和乳酸菌发酵对板栗乳品质及挥发性风味物质的影响
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汤晓彬 1, 2, 3 , 何秀娟 1 , 罗芳 2, 3 , 隋勇 2 , 施建斌 2 , 熊添 2 , 梅新 2, * , 邱文明 1, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(13): 116-124
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (13) : 116 -124
酶解和乳酸菌发酵对板栗乳品质及挥发性风味物质的影响
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suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320883797600613291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, authorId=1320883797428646824, language=CN, stringName=邱文明, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所,果树种质创新与利用湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉 430064, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320883792915575672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883792923964281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, companyId=1320883792915575672, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883792932352890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883789539160939, companyId=1320883792915575672, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所,果树种质创新与利用湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉 430064)])])]
汤晓彬1, 2, 3 , 何秀娟1 , 罗芳2, 3, 隋勇2, 施建斌2, 熊添2, 梅新2, * , 邱文明1, *
作者信息
  • 1湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所,果树种质创新与利用湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉 430064
  • 2农业农村部农产品冷链物流技术重点实验室,湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所,湖北武汉 430064
  • 3武汉轻工大学硒科学与工程现代产业学院,国家富硒农产品加工技术研发专业中心,湖北省绿色富硒农产品精深加工工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉 430048
通讯作者:
梅新(1978−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:粮食加工及副产物加工利用,E-mail:。
邱文明(1984−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:果树遗传育种,E-mail:。
作者简介:

汤晓彬(2003−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:粮食加工,E-mail:

何秀娟(1982−),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:板栗品种选育,E-mail:

Effects of Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation on the Quality and Volatile Flavor Compounds of Chestnut Milk
Xiaobin TANG1, 2, 3 , Xiujuan HE1 , Fang LUO2, 3, Yong SUI2, Jianbin SHI2, Tian XIONG2, Xin MEI2, * , Wenming QIU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro-product, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-product Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
  • 3School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, National R & D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Green Se-rich Agricultural Products, Wuhan 430048, China
出版时间: 2026-07-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060222
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本文探究了α-淀粉酶酶解、乳酸菌发酵及酶解发酵联合处理对板栗乳营养品质、抗氧化活性、总酚及总黄酮的生物可及性以及挥发性风味物质含量的影响,结果表明:相比于对照,发酵、酶解发酵处理均可显著提高板栗乳中总酚、总黄酮含量(P<0.05);酶解发酵处理板栗乳抗氧化活性最高,其羟自由基、ABTS+自由基和DPPH自由基清除率分别提高了15.80%、14.84%和29.29%;酶解发酵处理的板栗乳在胃、肠阶段总酚的生物可及性分别提升了45.81%、78.95%,总黄酮的生物可及性分别提升了59.43%、91.17%。酶解发酵处理对板栗乳挥发性风味物质含量及种类影响最大,结合了酶解和发酵的优势,共检测出34种挥发性风味物质,主要有2,3-丁二酮、1,2-丁二醇、乙醛等,呈现奶油果香。综上,酶解发酵联合处理可有效改善板栗乳的营养成分与风味特性,提升其营养价值及抗氧化活性。

板栗乳  /  酶解  /  乳酸菌发酵  /  品质  /  挥发性风味

This study investigated the effects of α-amylase enzymatic hydrolysis, lactic acid bacteria fermentation, and combined enzymatic-fermentation treatments on the nutritional quality, antioxidant activity, bioaccessibility of total phenolics and flavonoids, and volatile flavor compounds of chestnut milk. The results demonstrated that both fermentation and enzymatic-fermentation treatments significantly increased the content of total phenolics and flavonoids in chestnut milk (P<0.05) compared to the control. Enzymatic-fermentation treatment exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, with significant improvements in hydroxyl radical, ABTS+ radical, and DPPH radical scavenging capacities by 15.80%, 14.84% and 29.29%, respectively. Additionally, enzymatic-fermentation significantly enhanced the bioaccessibility of total phenolics and flavonoids in both gastric and intestinal stages, with increases of 45.81% and 78.95% for phenolics, and 59.43% and 91.17% for flavonoids, respectively. The enzymatic-fermentation treatment also had the most profound effect on the volatile flavor compounds in chestnut milk. This combined approach resulted in the detection of 34 different aroma compounds, primarily including 2,3-butanedione, 1,2-butanediol and acetaldehyde, contributing to a creamy and fruity aroma profile. In conclusion, the combination of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation effectively improved the nutritional components and flavor characteristics of chestnut milk, enhancing its nutritional value and antioxidant capacity.

chestnut milk  /  enzymatic hydrolysis  /  lactic acid bacteria fermentation  /  quality  /  volatile flavor
汤晓彬, 何秀娟, 罗芳, 隋勇, 施建斌, 熊添, 梅新, 邱文明. 酶解和乳酸菌发酵对板栗乳品质及挥发性风味物质的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (13) : 116 -124 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060222
Xiaobin TANG, Xiujuan HE, Fang LUO, Yong SUI, Jianbin SHI, Tian XIONG, Xin MEI, Wenming QIU. Effects of Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation on the Quality and Volatile Flavor Compounds of Chestnut Milk[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (13) : 116 -124 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060222
板栗(Castanea mollissima)是壳斗科栗属坚果类植物。作为中国古代五大名果之一,板栗中含有丰富的营养物质,可供人体吸收利用的营养组分高达98%[1]。中医认为板栗有养胃健脾、补肾强筋、活血止血之功效,并有益于高血压、冠心病的防治。在临床上,板栗还可用于治疗反胃、腰腿软弱、吐血、金疮等症[2−3]。目前,板栗加工食用方式主要是烹饪和糖炒,市售产品多为糖炒板栗和板栗饼,商业化的板栗饮品及相关产品较为缺乏[4]。
发酵植物乳饮料具有营养丰富、口感独特等特点,深受消费者喜爱。乳酸菌已广泛应用于食品发酵,在发酵过程中,产生的乳酸降低了食品体系的pH,一定程度上抑制了病原微生物生长,延长产品的保质期[5]。此外,乳酸菌发酵还可赋予产品独特的风味,改善产品质地,提高产品营养价值和功能特性[6],乳酸菌发酵乳制品具有缓解乳糖不耐症、降低血清胆固醇、预防胃肠道感染、抗癌等作用;乳酸菌发酵富含淀粉类原料还可产生维生素B族、K族、赖氨酸、叶酸和微量营养素,提高食品的营养价值[7]。淀粉约占板栗仁干物质的38%~80%,在以板栗仁为原料制作饮料过程中,易出现分层和沉淀等问题[8],α-淀粉酶可将板栗浆中的淀粉分解为糊精和葡萄糖等小分子物质,提升饮料稳定性,且淀粉酶解产物可作为乳酸菌发酵碳源。顾海华等[9]以板栗淀粉酶解物和牛乳为原料,利用乳酸菌发酵,制备了一款板栗淀粉酶解物发酵饮料,汪睿等[10]以集安板栗为主要原料,通过正交试验确定集安板栗乳的最佳配方。现有关于板栗饮品的研究主要聚焦于板栗乳的制作配方和工艺优化,然而对于乳酸菌发酵和酶解工艺在板栗乳品质及风味方面的研究仍显不足。因此,深入探究酶解工艺与乳酸菌发酵对板栗乳品质和挥发性风味的影响,具有重要意义。
基于此,本研究以板栗为主要原料,纯牛奶、白砂糖为辅料,分别采用α-淀粉酶酶解、添加直投式乳酸菌发酵剂发酵及酶解-发酵联合处理方式制备不同的板栗乳,比较分析不同板栗乳理化指标、营养成分含量、抗氧化活性和挥发性风味物质含量的差异,并建立体外消化模型,探究板栗乳中总酚、黄酮在胃肠消化阶段的生物可及性,为开发营养板栗乳提供理论依据。
板栗、纯牛奶、白砂糖 市购;直投式酸奶发酵菌 北京川秀科技有限公司;海藻酸钠、瓜尔豆胶 潍坊英轩实业有限公司;中温α-淀粉酶(酶活:15万U/mL) 沧州夏盛酶生物技术有限公司;2,2'-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼、胃蛋白酶(酶活:250 U/mg) 美国Sigma公司;羟自由基清除能力检测试剂盒、胰酶(酶活:4000 U/mg)、猪胆盐 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;其他试剂均为国产分析纯。
CF-100A发酵箱 中山卡士电器有限公司;ATC手持式糖度计 济宁国龙物资有限公司;K9840自动凯氏定氮仪 济南海能仪器有限公司;XHF-DY型高速分散器 宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司;PEN3电子鼻 德国AIRSENSE公司;722N可见分光光度计 上海仪电仪器有限公司;7890A/5975C气相色谱质谱联用仪 安捷伦科技有限公司;S210 pH 计 梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海)有限公司。
对照板栗乳:参考王尚玉等[11]的方法并加以修改,板栗去壳清洗后于蒸锅中蒸25 min,后按料液比1:8 g/mL与蒸馏水混合打浆,浆液过200目筛。取70 g过筛板栗浆液与30 g牛奶、2 g蔗糖混合,充分混匀后,加入0.2 g海藻酸钠、0.2 g瓜尔豆胶,混合液于13000 r/min下均质5 min后于65 ℃下巴氏灭菌30 min,得板栗乳。
酶解板栗乳:参照对照板栗乳制作步骤制作过筛板栗浆,取70 g板栗浆,加入0.2 g α-淀粉酶充分混匀后于65 ℃下酶解30 min后100 ℃灭酶10 min,酶解板栗浆再参照对照板栗乳制作配方工艺添加辅料,均质得酶解板栗乳。
发酵板栗乳:参照对照板栗乳制作步骤制作过筛板栗浆,取70 g板栗浆,接种0.2 g直投式酸奶发酵菌,于43 ℃下发酵20 h后65 ℃下灭菌30 min,发酵板栗浆再参照对照板栗乳制作配方工艺,添加辅料,均质得发酵板栗乳。
酶解发酵板栗乳:参照对照板栗乳制作步骤制作过筛板栗浆,参照上述方法,先后经酶解、发酵等步骤处理后,再参照对照板栗乳制作配方工艺,添加辅料,均质得酶解发酵板栗乳。
板栗乳可溶性固形物含量采用手持糖度计测定;酸度参照GB 5009.239-2016中相关方法测定;pH采用pH计测定;稳定性参照万景瑞等[12]的方法测定:取一定质量板栗乳w,装入50 mL的离心管,以转速4000 r/min,离心10 min,弃去上层清液,测定剩余质量w0,计算公式如下:
$ \mathrm{稳定性}({\text{%}})=\left(1-\frac{{\mathrm{w}}_{0}}{\mathrm{w}}\right)\times 100 $
式中:w0,剩余固形物的质量,g;w,所取板栗浆液的总质量,g。
板栗乳蛋白质含量参照GB 5009.5-2016中相关方法测定;还原糖含量测定采用DNS法[13],以葡萄糖为标品制作标准曲线,y=1.471x+0.0872(R2=0.9919);板栗乳总酚、总黄酮含量测定:参照Trigueros等[14]的方法稍作修改,取10.00 g板栗乳,与15 mL含有50 µL浓盐酸的酸化甲醇混合,充分混匀后于8000 r/min,离心10 min,于−20 ℃下静置过夜,再于5000 r/min下离心10 min,取上清液4 ℃冷藏备用,用于测定总酚、总黄酮含量。总酚含量测定参照刘静等[15]方法,以没食子酸为标品制作标准曲线,y=8.8231x+0.0283(R2=0.9919);总黄酮含量测定采用NaNO2-Al(NO3)3比色法[16],以芦丁为标品制作标准曲线,y=1.204x+0.0013(R2=0.9992)。
取1.2.3中上清液测定板栗乳抗氧化活性。
参照Li等[17]的方法,将2 mL样品溶液和2 mL DPPH溶液(0.2 mmol/mL 95%乙醇)涡旋混匀,在黑暗中静置30 min后于517 nm处测定吸光度,按公式计算DPPH自由基清除率:
$ \text{DPPH自由基清除率}\left({\text{%}} \right) =\left(1-\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{2}-{\mathrm{A}}_{1}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{0}}\right)\times 100 $
式中:A0为空白样品的吸光度,A2为样品的吸光度,A1为空白试剂的吸光度。
参照Zhao等[18]的方法,将0.15 mL样品溶液与2 mL ABTS工作液混匀,室温避光反应6 min后,在734 nm处测定吸光度。ABTS+自由基清除率用以下公式计算:
$ {\text{ABTS}}^+\text{自由基清除率}\left({\text{%}} \right) =\frac{{{{\mathrm{A}}_{0}}-(\mathrm{A}}_{2}-{\mathrm{A}}_{1})}{{\mathrm{A}}_{0}}\times 100 $
式中:A0为加入2 mL ABTS溶液与0.15 mL蒸馏水;A2为2 mL ABTS溶液与0.15 mL样品溶液;A1为0.15 mL样品溶液与2 mL蒸馏水。
按试剂盒说明书测定,将样品与试剂涡旋混匀,置于37 ℃水浴60 min后常温离心(10000 r/min)10 min,取各上清分别测定536 nm处的吸光度。羟自由基清除率计算公式如下:
$ \text{羟自由基清除率}\left({\text{%}} \right) =\frac{{{{\mathrm{A}}_{\text{测定}}}-\mathrm{A}}_{\text{对照}}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{\text{空白}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\text{对照}}}\times 100 $
式中:A测定、A对照与A空白分别代表测定管、对照管与空白管的吸光度值。
参照Janhavi等[19]方法对板栗乳进行体外模拟消化,消化结束后,分别收集胃、肠阶段消化产物,离心,取上清液用于测定胃、肠消化阶段总酚、总黄酮含量,并按如下公式计算总酚、总黄酮生物可及性。
$ \text{B}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{c}}\times 100 $
式中:B表示生物可及性,%;d表示消化后总酚或总黄酮含量,mg/g;c表示消化前总酚或总黄酮含量,mg/g。
参照周元等[20]的方法并略加修改。取10 mL板栗乳置于样品瓶中,于40 ℃下孵育20 min后采用电子鼻分析检测。检测程序:准备5 s,清洗120 s,检测120 s。电子鼻传感器的性能参数如表1所示。
参照陈臣等[21]的方法并稍作修改。样品前处理:称取5 g发酵乳样品置于20 mL顶空瓶中,用聚四氟乙烯硅胶隔垫封口后,300 r/min、60 ℃条件下平衡10 min。萃取头老化(270 ℃,5 min)后插入气相瓶萃取发酵乳,于65 ℃条件下萃取30 min,在270 ℃下解吸附5 min。GC条件:初始柱温40 ℃,恒温4 min后以3 ℃/min升至100 ℃,恒温2 min,再以4 ℃/min升至150 ℃恒温2 min,最后以10 ℃/min升至220 ℃;载气为He,流速1.0 mL/min,汽化室温度250 ℃,不分流。MS参数:电子电离源(70 eV),电压350 V,扫描范围50~450 m/z;传输线、离子源和四极杆温度分别为280、230和150 ℃。筛选匹配度(Qual)≥70的化合物,通过与NIST 08谱库对物质进行定性,采用峰面积归一化法计算挥发性风味物质的相对含量。
所有实验均重复三次,实验结果以平均值±标准差(Mean±SD)表示,SPSS 19.0进行数据分析,P<0.05水平上进行差异显著分析,Origin 2019绘图。
如表2所示,不同板栗乳可溶性固形物含量无显著差异,相比于对照,发酵及酶解发酵处理可显著降低板栗乳pH,提高其酸度(P<0.05),酶解对板栗乳pH和酸度无显著影响。发酵、酶解发酵板栗乳pH、酸度无显著差异。乳酸菌发酵过程中,产生淀粉酶和脂肪酶酶解板栗乳中碳水化合物和脂肪生成有机酸、脂肪酸等物质,导致体系pH降低,酸度升高[22]。此外,相比于对照板栗乳,酶解、发酵及酶解发酵处理均对板栗乳稳定性有显著影响(P<0.05),对照、酶解、发酵、酶解发酵板栗乳稳定性分别为83.78%、85.54%、64.64%、69.22%,由此可见,单纯酶解提升了板栗乳稳定性,发酵及酶解发酵处理降低了板栗乳稳定性。板栗浆含有大量淀粉,酶解降低淀粉分子尺寸,使其结构松散,暴露出羧基、羟基等亲水基团,提高其水合能力[23],提升板栗乳稳定性,而发酵后的酸性环境导致乳液中蛋白质疏水性基团暴露,蛋白质分子间相互作用形成聚集体,降低了板栗乳稳定性[24]。
如表3所示,相比于对照,酶解、发酵、酶解发酵处理均显著降低了板栗乳中蛋白质含量(P<0.05),其中酶解发酵板栗乳蛋白质含量下降幅度最大,达12.77%;酶解及酶解发酵处理可显著提升板栗乳中还原糖含量(P<0.05),发酵处理显著降低板栗乳中还原糖含量(P<0.05),酶解处理后板栗乳中还原糖含量上升幅度最大,达177.06%。乳酸菌以板栗乳中还原糖为碳源[25],故发酵处理降低了板栗乳中还原糖含量,酶解处理提升了板栗乳中还原糖含量,促进了乳酸菌增殖,而乳酸菌具有一定蛋白酶活性,可降蛋白质分解为小分子肽、游离氨基酸等[26],由此,酶解发酵处理板栗乳蛋白质含量最低。相比于对照,酶解板栗乳总酚略有下降,王宁雅等[27]研究发现黑米饮料酶解处理后总酚含量下降,与本文结果一致;发酵和酶解发酵处理板栗乳的总酚含量分别提升了50.00%和35.00%,总黄酮含量分别提高了9.09%和18.18%,可能是乳酸菌发酵产生了β-葡萄糖苷酶、酚酸脱羧酶,这些酶可将结合态黄酮和多酚分解为游离型[28]。
如图1所示,相比对照,酶解、发酵、酶解发酵处理均可提升板栗乳抗氧化活性,酶解发酵板栗乳抗氧化活性最强,其羟自由基、ABTS+自由基和DPPH自由基清除率分别达83.63%、50.15%、62.95%,均显著高于对照(P<0.05)。酶解处理在降低淀粉分子尺寸同时,暴露出被淀粉颗粒包裹的具有抗氧化活性的基团,如酚羟基、羧基等,提升了板栗乳抗氧化活性[29],陈东方[30]的研究也表明,酶解处理可提升燕麦粉抗氧化活性;而乳酸菌发酵过程中,可转化利用底物中蛋白质,将其分解为具有抗氧化活性小分子肽和氨基酸,也可代谢产生抗氧化肽、活性苷元等具有抗氧化活性化合物[31]。
不同板栗乳在体外模拟消化阶段总酚、总黄酮的生物可及性如图2所示。相同处理下,总酚、总黄酮在胃阶段生物可及性明显高于肠阶段,可能是因为酚类物质在胃阶段酸性条件下稳定性明显高于肠阶段中性或弱碱性条件[32];而总黄酮在肠道环境条件下,不仅易发生结构修饰,还可与胆汁盐相互作用,导致其生物可及性降低[33]。相比于对照板栗乳,酶解处理对板栗乳中总酚、总黄酮在胃、肠阶段生物可及性影响较小;发酵显著提升了板栗乳中总酚、总黄酮在胃、肠阶段生物可及性。可能是微生物代谢产生的有机酸、酶促进游离的总酚和总黄酮的释放,增加其与肠道吸收位点的接触机会,且发酵的酸性环境可抑制酚类和黄酮类的氧化聚合,维持其结构稳定性,减少活性损失[34]。其中,酶解发酵板栗乳中总酚、总黄酮在胃、肠阶段生物可及性均最高,相较于对照板栗乳,总酚在胃、肠阶段生物可及性分别提升了45.81%、78.95%,黄酮在胃、肠阶段生物可及性分别提升了59.43%、91.17%。
不同板栗乳的电子鼻雷达图如图3所示,从图中可以看出,对照、酶解、发酵、酶解发酵处理板栗乳的风味轮廓间存在明显差异。在10个传感器中,W1S、W2S、W5S、W1W、W2W等传感器响应显著,表明电子鼻传感器对板栗乳中甲基类、醇类、醛酮类、氮氧化合物、芳香族及硫化物这些挥发性成分具有较高的灵敏度。从不同处理板栗乳在W5S、W1W和W2W传感器上响应值变化可以看出,酶解发酵板栗乳响应值最高,乳酸菌发酵后板栗乳中硫化物、芳香成分、氮氧化合物增加,而板栗乳经酶解处理后,作为底物促进了乳酸菌增殖,产生了更丰富的风味物质。
以电子鼻的10个传感器为x变量,不同处理的板栗乳为y变量,建立OPLS-DA模型,结果显示R2x=0.949,R2y=0.802,Q2=0.526,当R2和Q2超过0.5表示拟合结果可接受[35]。根据OPLS-DA判别模型可知(图4),发酵板栗乳与酶解发酵板栗乳在置信区间内分界明显,酶解板栗乳和对照板栗乳在置信区间内分界不明显,与电子鼻结果相符。
表4结果表明,不同处理板栗乳中共检测出53种挥发性风味物质,乳酸菌发酵处理提高了板栗乳中挥发性风味物质数量,对照、酶解、发酵、酶解发酵板栗乳中检出挥发性风味物质分别为24种、23种、33种、34种。发酵、酶解发酵板栗乳风味物质显著提升与乳酸菌的代谢密切相关,有研究表明,乳酸菌发酵在利用碳水化合物合成有机酸同时,还可利用蛋白质、氨基酸,产生酸类、酮类、醛类、醇类等风味物质[36]。四种板栗乳具有丰富的支链酮醇类,对应电子鼻结果中高灵敏度W1S、W2S信号。
对照板栗乳中以乙醇、丙酮、2-庚酮(青草/奶酪味)为主要挥发性风味物质,与对照板栗乳相比,酶解板栗乳挥发性物质无显著变化,虽释放果香前体(如己醛)但风味单薄;发酵板栗乳中酸类、醛类、酮类物质显著增加,乙醇含量下降。其中,乙酸、己酸是发酵板栗乳中主要酸类物质,相对含量分别是3.16%、3.00%,主要来源于乳糖和氨基酸的降解、脂肪分解以及参与发酵过程的细菌的代谢[37−38]。醛类物质中乙醛贡献值远高于对照板栗乳,相对含量由0.02%增至3.81%,其作为发酵乳中重要的抑臭活性化合物之一,主要由苏氨酸分解产生,赋予板栗乳清新果香[39]。2,3-丁二酮和3-羟基-2-丁酮的相对含量分别是8.32%、3.55%,作为发酵板栗乳含量较高的风味物质,二者不仅具有强烈的奶油香气,还伴有淡淡的甜香[40]。整体而言,发酵板栗乳风味偏酸且带发酵香;酶解发酵板栗乳则结合了酶解和发酵的优势,挥发性物质种类最丰富,既有发酵产生的酸类、醛类,还通过前体富集与微生物代谢协同,生成焦甜酮类物质(如3-羟基-2-丁酮5.45%、3-羟基-4-己酮2.90%)和具有清甜风味的醇类(如1,2-丁二醇3.65%),提升了奶油香、果香等愉悦风味物质的复杂度与强度,抑制了胺类等不良气味,较发酵板栗乳酸类风味物质含量减少了1.94%,整体风味更丰富协调。
从图5可以看出,不同处理板栗乳的挥发性风味物质存在明显差异。热图中颜色(蓝-红渐变对应物质相对含量高-低)和聚类分支直观呈现差异,将对照、酶解板栗乳归为一类,发酵、酶解发酵板栗乳归为一类。对照板栗乳和酶解板栗乳风味物质少且多为低含量(红/黄色),风味单调;发酵板栗乳和酶解发酵板栗乳蓝色区域(高含量物质)覆盖更广,风味物质增多且风味浓郁。因此,相较于仅酶解处理,发酵处理对板栗乳风味挥发性风味物质影响更大,乳酸菌发酵提升了板栗乳中风味物质含量与多样性。
酶解、乳酸菌发酵及酶解发酵联合处理对板栗乳品质与风味均产生影响。其中,酶解处理后板栗乳的总酚与总黄酮含量略有降低,而发酵处理及酶解发酵联合处理则显著提升了这两类物质的含量。三种处理方式均能增强板栗乳的抗氧化活性,同时提高总酚、黄酮在胃肠消化阶段的生物可及性,尤以酶解发酵联合处理的效果最为突出。从风味变化来看,酶解与乳酸菌发酵均会改变板栗乳的挥发性风味物质组成,酶解虽释放果香前体,但风味变化不够显著,发酵板栗乳的酸类、酮类、醛类物质显著增加(如乙酸、2,3-丁二酮、乙醛),风味偏酸、带发酵香;酶解发酵板栗乳结合了酶解和发酵的优势,呈现奶油香与果香,挥发性物质种类最丰富,共检测出34种挥发性风味物质,主要有2,3-丁二酮、1,2-丁二醇、乙醛等。综合而言,酶解发酵联合处理可有效改善板栗乳的营养成分与风味特性,提升其营养价值及抗氧化活性。

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2026年第47卷第13期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060222
  • 接收时间:2025-06-19
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-07-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-19
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    1湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所,果树种质创新与利用湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉 430064
    2农业农村部农产品冷链物流技术重点实验室,湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所,湖北武汉 430064
    3武汉轻工大学硒科学与工程现代产业学院,国家富硒农产品加工技术研发专业中心,湖北省绿色富硒农产品精深加工工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉 430048

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梅新(1978−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:粮食加工及副产物加工利用,E-mail:。
邱文明(1984−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:果树遗传育种,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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