Article(id=1320883770262147651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320881884691808691, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060034, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1749052800000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852831664, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1782835200000, pubDateStr=2026-07-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852831664, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852831664, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852831664, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320881884691808691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='13', pageStart='1', pageEnd='522', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782835200000', pubDateStr='2026-07-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852382109, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852382109, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=90, endPage=102, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320883770476057156, articleId=1320883770262147651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Preparation of Swim Bladder Peptides from Basa Catfish and Its Protective Effects on H2O2-induced Premature Senescence, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective: To investigate the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis process for peptides derived from the swim bladder of Basa catfish and to evaluate their protective effects against hydrogen peroxide-induced cellular senescence. Methods: Basa catfish swim bladder peptides (BBP) were prepared through enzymatic hydrolysis. Using the degree of hydrolysis and total reducing power as evaluation indicators, the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were determined via the single-factor experiments combined with response surface methodology. BBP-Ⅰ, BBP-Ⅱ, and BBP-Ⅲ were isolated and purified using Sephadex G-10 gel column chromatography. Their physicochemical properties were characterized in terms of molecular weight distribution, amino acid composition, and in vitro antioxidant activity. A hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cellular senescence model was established using mouse fibroblast (L929) cells to evaluate the effects of BBP-Ⅰ, BBP-Ⅱ, and BBP-Ⅲ on cell viability, β-galactosidase activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, antioxidant enzyme activity, and collagen secretion, thereby assessing their protective effects against H2O2-induced skin senescence. Results: Results demonstrated that when flavor protease was used as the experimental enzyme, the optimal enzymatic conditions were as follows: a substrate concentration of 4%, a pH value of 5.0, a temperature of 50.5 ℃, an enzymatic time of 3.9 hours, and an enzyme dosage of 5000 U/g. Under these conditions, the total reducing power of BBP was determined to be 0.426±0.011. The molecular weights of BBP-Ⅰ, BBP-Ⅱ, and BBP-Ⅲ were 925, 809, and 640 Da, respectively. BBP-Ⅰ exhibited the highest content of aromatic amino acids, whereas BBP-Ⅱ contained a higher proportion of hydrophobic amino acids compared with BBP-Ⅰ and BBP-Ⅲ. All three active peptide fractions demonstrated effective scavenging activity against DPPH·, O2−·, and ·OH radicals. Among them, BBP-Ⅰ exhibited the strongest scavenging capacity at the same concentration. In addition, BBP-Ⅰ, BBP-Ⅱ, and BBP-Ⅲ exhibited no cytotoxic effects. They effectively restored the viability of senescent L929 cells and significantly inhibited cellular senescence (P<0.05). These peptides also significantly reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde (P<0.05), while increasing the levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (P<0.05), thereby inhibited the occurrence of the oxidative stress response. Moreover, the three active peptides were found to upregulate the expression of type I and type Ⅲ collagen (P<0.05), indicating their potential in delaying skin aging. Conclusion: BBP-Ⅰ, BBP-Ⅱ, and BBP-Ⅲ derived from the swim bladder of Basa catfish, exhibited significant antioxidant and anti-cellular senescence activities, thereby providing a theoretical basis and technical support for the high-value utilization of aquatic by-products.

, authors=Wen WENG1, Xu DONG2, Fen DU3, 4, Xueyuan FU3, 4, Changwei WANG3, Xiaomei FENG2, 3, Wanxiu CAO2, 3, Qingjuan TANG1, Lan WANG1, Chuyi LIU2, 3, *, authorsList=Wen WENG, Xu DONG, Fen DU, Xueyuan FU, Changwei WANG, Xiaomei FENG, Wanxiu CAO, Qingjuan TANG, Lan WANG, Chuyi LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chuyi LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320883772501906007, articleId=1320883770262147651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽的制备及其对过氧化氢诱导的细胞衰老的保护作用, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的:探究巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽的最佳酶解工艺及其对过氧化氢诱导的细胞衰老的保护作用。方法:采用酶解法制备巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽(Basa Catfish Swim Bladder Peptides,BBP),以水解度和总还原力为指标,通过单因素结合响应面法确定最佳酶解工艺;采用Sephadex G-10凝胶柱层析对BBP分离纯化得到BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ,并通过分子量分布、氨基酸组成和体外抗氧化活性表征三种组分的性质;利用小鼠成纤维细胞(L929细胞)建立H2O2诱导的应激性细胞衰老模型,检测BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ对细胞活力、β-半乳糖苷酶活力、ROS水平、抗氧化酶活力及胶原蛋白分泌的影响,评价其对H2O2诱导的皮肤衰老的保护作用。结果:以风味蛋白酶为实验用酶,最佳的酶解条件为底物浓度4%,pH5.0,温度50.5 ℃,酶解时间3.9 h,酶添加量5000 U/g,此条件下,BBP的总还原力达0.426±0.011。BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ的分子量分别为925、809和640 Da,BBP-Ⅰ中芳香族氨基酸含量最高,BBP-Ⅱ中疏水氨基酸含量高于BBP-Ⅰ和BBP-Ⅲ,三种活性肽组分都能够有效清除DPPH·、O2−·和·OH,且相同浓度下BBP-Ⅰ的清除能力最强。此外,BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ均无细胞毒性,能够显著恢复L929衰老细胞的细胞活力并延缓细胞衰老(P<0.05);显著降低活性氧水平和丙二醛含量(P<0.05),同时提高超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶含量(P<0.05),抑制了氧化应激反应的发生;同时,三种活性肽能够上调Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型胶原蛋白的含量(P<0.05),具有延缓皮肤衰老的功能。结论:巴沙鱼鱼鳔来源的BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ均具有显著抗氧化和抗细胞衰老活性,为水产副产物高值化利用提供了理论依据与技术支撑。

, authors=翁文1, 董旭2, 杜芬3, 4, 付雪媛3, 4, 王长伟3, 冯晓梅2, 3, 曹婉秀2, 3, 唐庆娟1, 王岚1, 刘楚怡2, 3, *, authorsList=翁文, 董旭, 杜芬, 付雪媛, 王长伟, 冯晓梅, 曹婉秀, 唐庆娟, 王岚, 刘楚怡, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘楚怡, authorNote=

翁文(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:功能蛋白活性肽及其功能制品,E-mail:

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刘楚怡(1986−),女,博士,正高级工程师,研究方向:功能蛋白活性肽及其功能制品,E-mail:。
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Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 1−14 [2026-05-26]. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.4528.ts.20250311.1746.004., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320883788784194300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=55, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHUNG K Y, AGARWAL A, UITTO J, et al. An AP-1 binding sequence is essential for regulation of the human α2(I) collagen (COL1A2) promoter activity by transforming growth factor-β[J]. 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注:(a)蛋白酶种类;(b)底物浓度;(c)pH;(d)酶解温度;(e)加酶量;(f)酶解时间;不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),图2、图4~图9同。

, figureFileSmall=TxUdrsFWsVoy/DDZm63cCQ==, figureFileBig=FNYXkbcRfcXOXjolx9OtWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883778063553191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Free radical scavenging ability in vitro of Basa catfish swim bladder peptide, figureFileSmall=VYsJuFCV+6K7FavjxjT0Ow==, figureFileBig=/NVKaaB5/VAlaG4rrF0xnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883778160022184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, language=CN, label=图2, caption=巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽体外自由基清除能力

注:(a)DPPH自由基清除能力;(b)超氧阴离子自由基清除能力;(c)羟自由基清除能力。

, figureFileSmall=VYsJuFCV+6K7FavjxjT0Ow==, figureFileBig=/NVKaaB5/VAlaG4rrF0xnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883778235519657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Elution profile of BBP on the Sephadex G-10 column, figureFileSmall=yrC6cXXUqemZbXolpAK30g==, figureFileBig=7MTq8IDJAtjgjIoKMjtrgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883778311017130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, language=CN, label=图3, caption=巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽的G-10葡聚糖凝胶层析洗脱曲线, figureFileSmall=yrC6cXXUqemZbXolpAK30g==, figureFileBig=7MTq8IDJAtjgjIoKMjtrgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883778600424107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Free radical scavenging ability in vitro of BBP-Ⅰ, BBP-Ⅱ, and BBP-Ⅲ, figureFileSmall=YwRtUwgk1httPkdbnniANQ==, figureFileBig=rBqNUdlj158ydFtaHSpFRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883778675921580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, language=CN, label=图4, caption=BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ的体外自由基清除能力

注:(a)DPPH自由基清除能力;(b)超氧阴离子自由基清除能力;(c)羟自由基清除能力。

, figureFileSmall=YwRtUwgk1httPkdbnniANQ==, figureFileBig=rBqNUdlj158ydFtaHSpFRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883778747224749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of BBP-Ⅰ, BBP-Ⅱ, and BBP-Ⅲ on proliferation rate of L929 cells, figureFileSmall=u+LTDWTbS0JigJlX4ABRcg==, figureFileBig=kt1frvMyXQBwMIDzf7tD0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883779015660206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, language=CN, label=图5, caption=BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ对L929细胞增殖率的影响, figureFileSmall=u+LTDWTbS0JigJlX4ABRcg==, figureFileBig=kt1frvMyXQBwMIDzf7tD0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883779091157679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of BBP-Ⅰ, BBP-Ⅱ, and BBP-Ⅲ on proliferation rate of L929 cells treated with H2O2, figureFileSmall=JuBmF7SD6//u0gL6UDzKbQ==, figureFileBig=oQq8gVVlViEIKWlTCTKu1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883779179238064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, language=CN, label=图6, caption=BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ对H2O2诱导的L929细胞增殖率的影响, figureFileSmall=JuBmF7SD6//u0gL6UDzKbQ==, figureFileBig=oQq8gVVlViEIKWlTCTKu1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883779246346929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effects of BBP-Ⅰ, BBP-Ⅱ, and BBP-Ⅲ on the positive rate of senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining of L929 cells treated with H2O2, figureFileSmall=uTSJp8DySFl/ZraVewscNg==, figureFileBig=WhVytzIqD8E29/lXqZqk4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883779426702002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, language=CN, label=图7, caption=BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ对H2O2诱导的L929衰老细胞中β-半乳糖苷酶染色阳性率的影响, figureFileSmall=uTSJp8DySFl/ZraVewscNg==, figureFileBig=WhVytzIqD8E29/lXqZqk4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883779489616563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effects of BBP-Ⅰ, BBP-Ⅱ, and BBP-Ⅲ on ROS fluorescence intensity, MDA, SOD, and GSH-Px contents of L929 cells treated with H2O2, figureFileSmall=nXseaLxJIQUZcjZfJ3Db/A==, figureFileBig=nl9xq1q/c6VNHkczwanj4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883779544142516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, language=CN, label=图8, caption=BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ对H2O2诱导的L929细胞中ROS荧光强度,MDA、SOD和GSH-Px含量的影响

注:(a)ROS荧光强度;(b)MDA含量;(c)SOD含量;(d)GSH-Px含量。

, figureFileSmall=nXseaLxJIQUZcjZfJ3Db/A==, figureFileBig=nl9xq1q/c6VNHkczwanj4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883779628028597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Effects of BBP-Ⅰ, BBP-Ⅱ, and BBP-Ⅲ on type I and type III collagen contents of L929 cells treated with H2O2, figureFileSmall=gT5Ly5T991opMjalpQCSgQ==, figureFileBig=3LVfwuahNF/xYhDOYrvM/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883779703526070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, language=CN, label=图9, caption=BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ对H2O2诱导的L929细胞内Ⅰ型胶原和Ⅲ型胶原含量的影响

注:(a)Ⅰ型胶原含量;(b)Ⅲ型胶原含量。

, figureFileSmall=gT5Ly5T991opMjalpQCSgQ==, figureFileBig=3LVfwuahNF/xYhDOYrvM/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883779758052023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Parameters of enzymatic hydrolysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
酶种类pH温度(℃)
胰蛋白酶850
中性蛋白酶6.550
风味蛋白酶750
胃蛋白酶2.8837
木瓜蛋白酶6.550
), ArticleFig(id=1320883779829355192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

蛋白酶酶解条件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
酶种类pH温度(℃)
胰蛋白酶850
中性蛋白酶6.550
风味蛋白酶750
胃蛋白酶2.8837
木瓜蛋白酶6.550
), ArticleFig(id=1320883779904852665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Factors and levels of response surface test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素水平
−101
A:酶解时间(h)345
B:酶解温度(℃)455055
C:加酶量(U/g)300040005000
), ArticleFig(id=1320883779959378618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

响应面因素及水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素水平
−101
A:酶解时间(h)345
B:酶解温度(℃)455055
C:加酶量(U/g)300040005000
), ArticleFig(id=1320883780022293179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Design and results of response surface

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号酶解时间(h)酶解温度(℃)加酶量(U/g)总还原力
155050000.413
245040000.413
344530000.352
445530000.358
545040000.408
655540000.362
745040000.416
845040000.419
954540000.354
1055030000.372
1145040000.397
1235030000.366
1345550000.386
1434540000.346
1535050000.406
1644550000.373
1735540000.359
), ArticleFig(id=1320883780106179260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

响应面设计及结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号酶解时间(h)酶解温度(℃)加酶量(U/g)总还原力
155050000.413
245040000.413
344530000.352
445530000.358
545040000.408
655540000.362
745040000.416
845040000.419
954540000.354
1055030000.372
1145040000.397
1235030000.366
1345550000.386
1434540000.346
1535050000.406
1644550000.373
1735540000.359
), ArticleFig(id=1320883780169093821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

ANOVA of response surface quadratic model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源平方和自由度均方F值P值显著性
模型0.010590.001218.780.0004显著
A-酶解时间0.000110.00011.130.3231
B-酶解温度0.000210.00023.410.1071
C-加酶量0.002210.002234.890.0006***
AB4.202E-0614.202E-060.06760.8023
AC8.100E-0718.100E-070.01300.9123
BC0.000010.00000.21440.6574
A²0.001210.001218.910.0034**
B²0.006310.0063101.12<0.0001****
C²0.000110.00011.600.2468
残差0.000470.0001
失拟项0.000130.00000.51840.6919不显著
纯误差0.000340.0001
总和0.010916
), ArticleFig(id=1320883780248785598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

回归模型方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源平方和自由度均方F值P值显著性
模型0.010590.001218.780.0004显著
A-酶解时间0.000110.00011.130.3231
B-酶解温度0.000210.00023.410.1071
C-加酶量0.002210.002234.890.0006***
AB4.202E-0614.202E-060.06760.8023
AC8.100E-0718.100E-070.01300.9123
BC0.000010.00000.21440.6574
A²0.001210.001218.910.0034**
B²0.006310.0063101.12<0.0001****
C²0.000110.00011.600.2468
残差0.000470.0001
失拟项0.000130.00000.51840.6919不显著
纯误差0.000340.0001
总和0.010916
), ArticleFig(id=1320883780324283071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Molecular weight distribution of BBP

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分子量(kDa)峰面积百分比(%)重均分子量(Da)
>30.694729
1~320.386
0.5~139.897
<0.539.024
), ArticleFig(id=1320883780403974848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽分子量分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分子量(kDa)峰面积百分比(%)重均分子量(Da)
>30.694729
1~320.386
0.5~139.897
<0.539.024
), ArticleFig(id=1320883780479472321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Amino acid composition of BBP-Ⅰ, BBP-Ⅱ and BBP-Ⅲ (g/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸样品BBPBBP-ⅠBBP-ⅡBBP-Ⅲ
天冬氨酸Asp4.289±0.127c6.151±0.132b6.055±0.108b6.476±0.116a
苏氨酸Thr2.355±0.098a2.406±0.127a2.343±0.125a2.239±0.083a
丝氨酸Ser2.664±0.075a2.706±0.066a2.831±0.126a2.604±0.079a
谷氨酸Glu8.524±0.134d10.445±0.156b11.844±0.138a9.459±0.142c
甘氨酸Gly17.087±0.172d18.100±0.156c23.861±0.145a22.014±0.186b
丙氨酸Ala7.931±0.057c8.043±0.084c8.282±0.096b9.020±0.046a
半胱氨酸Cys−−−−
缬氨酸Val2.369±0.078a2.429±0.089a1.638±0.128c1.933±0.059b
甲硫氨酸Met0.758±0.016a0.877±0.039a0.647±0.027c0.735±0.032b
异亮氨酸Ile1.323±0.106a1.374±0.078a0.854±0.038c0.996±0.045b
亮氨酸Leu2.155±0.114a2.251±0.104a1.170±0.086c1.474±0.102b
酪氨酸Tyr0.371±0.016c0.393±0.021c0.857±0.035b1.046±0.066a
苯丙氨酸Phe1.635±0.086a1.686±0.106a0.745±0.046b0.762±0.038b
赖氨酸Lys3.281±0.122b4.096±0.155a2.536±0.127d2.904±0.102c
组氨酸His0.653±0.017a0.646±0.032a0.515±0.028b0.651±0.024a
精氨酸Arg6.438±0.122c6.517±0.134c8.016±0.120b10.695±0.129a
脯氨酸Pro8.650±0.118d11.155±0.146c12.858±0.147a12.292±0.151b
羟脯氨酸Hyp6.055±0.123c8.701±0.097b9.013±0.101a8.851±0.120a
总氨基酸含量76.538±1.581c87.976±1.722b94.065±1.621a94.151±1.520a
), ArticleFig(id=1320883780550775490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ的氨基酸组成(g/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸样品BBPBBP-ⅠBBP-ⅡBBP-Ⅲ
天冬氨酸Asp4.289±0.127c6.151±0.132b6.055±0.108b6.476±0.116a
苏氨酸Thr2.355±0.098a2.406±0.127a2.343±0.125a2.239±0.083a
丝氨酸Ser2.664±0.075a2.706±0.066a2.831±0.126a2.604±0.079a
谷氨酸Glu8.524±0.134d10.445±0.156b11.844±0.138a9.459±0.142c
甘氨酸Gly17.087±0.172d18.100±0.156c23.861±0.145a22.014±0.186b
丙氨酸Ala7.931±0.057c8.043±0.084c8.282±0.096b9.020±0.046a
半胱氨酸Cys−−−−
缬氨酸Val2.369±0.078a2.429±0.089a1.638±0.128c1.933±0.059b
甲硫氨酸Met0.758±0.016a0.877±0.039a0.647±0.027c0.735±0.032b
异亮氨酸Ile1.323±0.106a1.374±0.078a0.854±0.038c0.996±0.045b
亮氨酸Leu2.155±0.114a2.251±0.104a1.170±0.086c1.474±0.102b
酪氨酸Tyr0.371±0.016c0.393±0.021c0.857±0.035b1.046±0.066a
苯丙氨酸Phe1.635±0.086a1.686±0.106a0.745±0.046b0.762±0.038b
赖氨酸Lys3.281±0.122b4.096±0.155a2.536±0.127d2.904±0.102c
组氨酸His0.653±0.017a0.646±0.032a0.515±0.028b0.651±0.024a
精氨酸Arg6.438±0.122c6.517±0.134c8.016±0.120b10.695±0.129a
脯氨酸Pro8.650±0.118d11.155±0.146c12.858±0.147a12.292±0.151b
羟脯氨酸Hyp6.055±0.123c8.701±0.097b9.013±0.101a8.851±0.120a
总氨基酸含量76.538±1.581c87.976±1.722b94.065±1.621a94.151±1.520a
), ArticleFig(id=1320883780617884355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Molecular weight distribution of BBP-Ⅰ, BBP-Ⅱ and BBP-Ⅲ

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样品重均分子量(Da)分子量范围(%)
<500 Da0.5~1 kDa1~3 kDa>3 kDa
BBP-Ⅰ9259.50358.47131.8990.127
BBP-Ⅱ80922.02261.41716.5610
BBP-Ⅲ64042.12849.1798.6930
), ArticleFig(id=1320883782278828740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883770262147651, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ的分子量分布

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样品重均分子量(Da)分子量范围(%)
<500 Da0.5~1 kDa1~3 kDa>3 kDa
BBP-Ⅰ9259.50358.47131.8990.127
BBP-Ⅱ80922.02261.41716.5610
BBP-Ⅲ64042.12849.1798.6930
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巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽的制备及其对过氧化氢诱导的细胞衰老的保护作用
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翁文 1 , 董旭 2 , 杜芬 3, 4 , 付雪媛 3, 4 , 王长伟 3 , 冯晓梅 2, 3 , 曹婉秀 2, 3 , 唐庆娟 1 , 王岚 1 , 刘楚怡 2, 3, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(13): 90-102
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (13) : 90 -102
巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽的制备及其对过氧化氢诱导的细胞衰老的保护作用
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翁文1 , 董旭2, 杜芬3, 4, 付雪媛3, 4, 王长伟3, 冯晓梅2, 3, 曹婉秀2, 3, 唐庆娟1, 王岚1, 刘楚怡2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1中国海洋大学食品科学与工程学院,山东青岛 266000
  • 2中国海洋大学医药学院,山东青岛 266000
  • 3青岛海洋生物医药研究院,山东青岛 266000
  • 4青岛海洋生物医药研究院股份有限公司,山东青岛 266000
通讯作者:
刘楚怡(1986−),女,博士,正高级工程师,研究方向:功能蛋白活性肽及其功能制品,E-mail:。
作者简介:

翁文(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:功能蛋白活性肽及其功能制品,E-mail:

Preparation of Swim Bladder Peptides from Basa Catfish and Its Protective Effects on H2O2-induced Premature Senescence
Wen WENG1 , Xu DONG2, Fen DU3, 4, Xueyuan FU3, 4, Changwei WANG3, Xiaomei FENG2, 3, Wanxiu CAO2, 3, Qingjuan TANG1, Lan WANG1, Chuyi LIU2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
  • 2School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
  • 3Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266000, China
  • 4Qingdao Marine Biomedical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266000, China
出版时间: 2026-07-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060034
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目的:探究巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽的最佳酶解工艺及其对过氧化氢诱导的细胞衰老的保护作用。方法:采用酶解法制备巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽(Basa Catfish Swim Bladder Peptides,BBP),以水解度和总还原力为指标,通过单因素结合响应面法确定最佳酶解工艺;采用Sephadex G-10凝胶柱层析对BBP分离纯化得到BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ,并通过分子量分布、氨基酸组成和体外抗氧化活性表征三种组分的性质;利用小鼠成纤维细胞(L929细胞)建立H2O2诱导的应激性细胞衰老模型,检测BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ对细胞活力、β-半乳糖苷酶活力、ROS水平、抗氧化酶活力及胶原蛋白分泌的影响,评价其对H2O2诱导的皮肤衰老的保护作用。结果:以风味蛋白酶为实验用酶,最佳的酶解条件为底物浓度4%,pH5.0,温度50.5 ℃,酶解时间3.9 h,酶添加量5000 U/g,此条件下,BBP的总还原力达0.426±0.011。BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ的分子量分别为925、809和640 Da,BBP-Ⅰ中芳香族氨基酸含量最高,BBP-Ⅱ中疏水氨基酸含量高于BBP-Ⅰ和BBP-Ⅲ,三种活性肽组分都能够有效清除DPPH·、O2−·和·OH,且相同浓度下BBP-Ⅰ的清除能力最强。此外,BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ均无细胞毒性,能够显著恢复L929衰老细胞的细胞活力并延缓细胞衰老(P<0.05);显著降低活性氧水平和丙二醛含量(P<0.05),同时提高超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶含量(P<0.05),抑制了氧化应激反应的发生;同时,三种活性肽能够上调Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型胶原蛋白的含量(P<0.05),具有延缓皮肤衰老的功能。结论:巴沙鱼鱼鳔来源的BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ均具有显著抗氧化和抗细胞衰老活性,为水产副产物高值化利用提供了理论依据与技术支撑。

巴沙鱼鱼鳔  /  小鼠成纤维细胞(L929)  /  抗氧化  /  氧化应激  /  应激性细胞衰老(SIPS)

Objective: To investigate the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis process for peptides derived from the swim bladder of Basa catfish and to evaluate their protective effects against hydrogen peroxide-induced cellular senescence. Methods: Basa catfish swim bladder peptides (BBP) were prepared through enzymatic hydrolysis. Using the degree of hydrolysis and total reducing power as evaluation indicators, the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were determined via the single-factor experiments combined with response surface methodology. BBP-Ⅰ, BBP-Ⅱ, and BBP-Ⅲ were isolated and purified using Sephadex G-10 gel column chromatography. Their physicochemical properties were characterized in terms of molecular weight distribution, amino acid composition, and in vitro antioxidant activity. A hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cellular senescence model was established using mouse fibroblast (L929) cells to evaluate the effects of BBP-Ⅰ, BBP-Ⅱ, and BBP-Ⅲ on cell viability, β-galactosidase activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, antioxidant enzyme activity, and collagen secretion, thereby assessing their protective effects against H2O2-induced skin senescence. Results: Results demonstrated that when flavor protease was used as the experimental enzyme, the optimal enzymatic conditions were as follows: a substrate concentration of 4%, a pH value of 5.0, a temperature of 50.5 ℃, an enzymatic time of 3.9 hours, and an enzyme dosage of 5000 U/g. Under these conditions, the total reducing power of BBP was determined to be 0.426±0.011. The molecular weights of BBP-Ⅰ, BBP-Ⅱ, and BBP-Ⅲ were 925, 809, and 640 Da, respectively. BBP-Ⅰ exhibited the highest content of aromatic amino acids, whereas BBP-Ⅱ contained a higher proportion of hydrophobic amino acids compared with BBP-Ⅰ and BBP-Ⅲ. All three active peptide fractions demonstrated effective scavenging activity against DPPH·, O2−·, and ·OH radicals. Among them, BBP-Ⅰ exhibited the strongest scavenging capacity at the same concentration. In addition, BBP-Ⅰ, BBP-Ⅱ, and BBP-Ⅲ exhibited no cytotoxic effects. They effectively restored the viability of senescent L929 cells and significantly inhibited cellular senescence (P<0.05). These peptides also significantly reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde (P<0.05), while increasing the levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (P<0.05), thereby inhibited the occurrence of the oxidative stress response. Moreover, the three active peptides were found to upregulate the expression of type I and type Ⅲ collagen (P<0.05), indicating their potential in delaying skin aging. Conclusion: BBP-Ⅰ, BBP-Ⅱ, and BBP-Ⅲ derived from the swim bladder of Basa catfish, exhibited significant antioxidant and anti-cellular senescence activities, thereby providing a theoretical basis and technical support for the high-value utilization of aquatic by-products.

Basa catfish swim bladders  /  mouse fibroblasts (L929)  /  antioxidant  /  oxidative stress  /  stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS)
翁文, 董旭, 杜芬, 付雪媛, 王长伟, 冯晓梅, 曹婉秀, 唐庆娟, 王岚, 刘楚怡. 巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽的制备及其对过氧化氢诱导的细胞衰老的保护作用. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (13) : 90 -102 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060034
Wen WENG, Xu DONG, Fen DU, Xueyuan FU, Changwei WANG, Xiaomei FENG, Wanxiu CAO, Qingjuan TANG, Lan WANG, Chuyi LIU. Preparation of Swim Bladder Peptides from Basa Catfish and Its Protective Effects on H2O2-induced Premature Senescence[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (13) : 90 -102 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060034
鱼鳔,俗称鱼泡、鱼肚,是一种高蛋白、低脂肪且矿物质含量丰富的水产资源[1]。传统医学理论认为,鱼鳔具有很高的滋补作用与药用价值,与鱼翅、海参、燕窝齐名,素有“海洋人参”的美誉[2]。随着现代生物医学技术的发展,鱼鳔的潜在价值被进一步挖掘,研究发现其不仅是优质的天然蛋白质来源,而且在生理调节与健康维护中也展现出显著作用[3]。相关研究表明,鱼鳔中的胶原蛋白及其水解产物具有良好的抗氧化能力,可通过调节机体代谢,发挥降血脂[4−5],延缓衰老[6],提高机体免疫力[7],预防卵巢早衰[8]等功效。近年来,鱼鳔提取物的研究不断聚焦于皮肤健康领域,其在促进胶原合成、改善皮肤屏障功能等方面的积极作用已被逐步证实[9],为该类成分在功能性食品、化妆品及生物医药领域的转化应用提供了科学依据。
细胞衰老是指细胞在生命活动进程中,受内在遗传程序调控与外在环境因素共同作用,逐渐丧失正常生理功能与增殖能力,并伴随一系列表型与功能特征改变的不可逆生理过程[10]。其中,内在遗传因素以端粒磨损导致的复制性衰老和癌基因的激活为主,其进程多随着时间推移而逐步发生;外在环境因素主要包括各种遗传毒性剂如过氧化氢(H2O2)、乙醇、各类细胞抑制剂、紫外线(UV)辐射等,这些因素能够诱发细胞内的氧化应激反应,造成DNA损伤和脂质过氧化,进而加速细胞衰老,并最终导致应激性细胞衰老(Stress-Induced Premature Senescence,SIPS)的发生[11−13]。到目前为止,氧化应激在SIPS中的致病作用已得到充分证实[11,14−15]。在一系列SIPS的公认诱导剂中,过氧化氢(H2O2)因具备能诱导自由基大量生成,从而高度还原衰老过程中细胞内可能出现的氧化环境状态的特性,被认为是诱导应激性细胞衰老的理想物质,常被用于在体外模型中构建氧化应激环境及诱导应激性细胞衰老模型[16−17]。
根据自由基/氧化应激理论,通过抗氧化物抑制生物体过度氧化应激是一种有效延缓或预防衰老的干预策略[18]。近年来,相关研究发现通过酶解鱼鳔制备的多肽具备良好的抗氧化能力,能够抑制ROS的过度产生并维持细胞内的氧化平衡,在延缓应激性细胞衰老中发挥了显著的作用。孙彦庆等[2]从大黄鱼鱼鳔中分离出了抗氧化活性良好的大黄鱼鱼鳔低聚肽(HSBP),发现HSBP能显著促进氧化损伤HaCaT细胞中Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(Type Ⅰ Collagen,COL Ⅰ)、Ⅳ型胶原蛋白(Type Ⅳ Collagen,COL Ⅳ)和透明质酸(Hyaluronic Acid,HA)的分泌,提高超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione Peroxidase,GSH-Px)的酶活力,并降低丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)和β-半乳糖苷酶表达量,表现出显著的皮肤屏障修复活性,延缓了皮肤衰老。Li等[6]的研究表明,通过酶解制备得到的大西洋鳕鱼鱼鳔肽(SWP-Ⅰ和SWP-Ⅱ)能够有效清除O2−·、DPPH·和·OH,具有很强的Fe2+螯合活性,在H2O2诱导的过早衰老2BS细胞模型中,SWP-Ⅰ和SWP-Ⅱ表现出了显著的活性氧(Reactive Oxygen Species,ROS)清除活性,能够显著降低SA-β-gal活性并抑制过早衰老2BS细胞的凋亡率,从而有效保护了过氧化氢诱导的细胞衰老。Sheng等[19]分离出了安康鱼鱼鳔的十八种生物活性肽,发现其具有显著的自由基清除能力、脂质过氧化抑制能力和铁还原能力,能够保护质粒DNA和HepG 2细胞免受H2O2诱导的氧化应激,从而延缓细胞衰老。
巴沙鱼(Pangasius bocourti)是湄公河流域中一种特有的优质经济鱼类,其生产加工中的副产物鱼鳔主要以冷冻品和干制品两种方式进行销售,产品附加值低,资源并未得到有效利用[2,20]。近几年,国内外学者对于巴沙鱼副产物的研究多集中在鱼皮、鱼骨、内脏等,用于制造明胶、壳聚糖、生物活性肽、鱼油或水产养殖饲料[21],对鱼鳔的开发利用程度并不高,关于其抗衰老功效的研究也鲜有报道。因此本研究通过酶解法从巴沙鱼鱼鳔中提取具有良好抗氧化能力的胶原肽,利用单因素实验结合响应面试验筛选制备巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽(Basa Catfish Swim Bladder Petide,BBP)的最佳工艺参数,采用凝胶柱层析对巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽进行分离纯化,并利用H2O2构建氧化应激诱导的L929成纤维细胞衰老模型,从细胞活力、β-半乳糖苷酶活力、ROS含量、抗氧化酶活性和胶原蛋白分泌等角度,探究BBP的三个分离纯化组分在修复氧化损伤和抵抗皮肤衰老方面的作用效果,以期为后续海洋活性肽延缓衰老的研究提供理论依据。
巴沙鱼鱼鳔 正大(CP)食品有限公司;小鼠成纤维细胞(L929细胞) 中国医学科学院基础医学研究所细胞资源中心;胰蛋白酶(酶活>250 U/mg)、木瓜蛋白酶(酶活105 U/g)、中性蛋白酶(酶活2×105 U/g)、风味蛋白酶(酶活1.5×104 U/g)、胃蛋白酶(酶活800~2500 U/mg)、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、抗坏血酸、Sephadex G-10、BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒、DPPH自由基清除能力检测试剂盒、超氧阴离子含量检测试剂盒、羟自由基清除能力检测试剂盒、DMEM高糖培养基、青链霉素混合液(100×)细胞培养专用、0.25%胰蛋白酶消化液、PBS缓冲液、CCK-8细胞增殖及毒性检测试剂盒、β-半乳糖苷酶染色试剂盒、活性氧(ROS)检测试剂盒、丙二醛(MDA)含量检测试剂盒、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性检测试剂盒(WST-1法)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性检测试剂盒 北京索莱宝生物科技有限公司;胎牛血清(Gbico) 美国Life Technologies Corporation公司;谷胱甘肽(L-Glutathione,GSH)、H2O2 美国Sigma-Aldrich公司;小鼠Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(COL Ⅰ)ELISA试剂盒、小鼠Ⅲ型胶原蛋白(COL Ⅲ)ELISA试剂盒 青岛中西生物技术有限公司;若无特指,所用试剂均为分析纯。
SB-800DTD超声波清洗机 宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司;荣华HH-4数显恒温水浴锅 江苏省金坛市荣华仪器制造有限公司;PHS3CW型pH计 上海般特仪器制造有限公司;FC多功能酶标仪 美国赛默尔公司;CR21高速离心机 日立有限公司;Lab-1A-50E型真空冷冻干燥机 北京博医康实验仪器有限公司;E2695液相色谱仪(配备相应型号自动进样器、紫外检测器及工作站)、AccQ-Tag氨基酸分析柱(3.9 mm×150 mm,5μm,柱体积1.8 mL) 美国Waters公司;CCL-170B-8 型CO2培养箱 新加坡艺思高科技有限公司;DHP-9052型恒温培养箱 上海一恒科学仪器有限公司;CKX53型倒置显微镜 奥林巴斯株式会社;Tecan Infinite M200 Pro多功能酶标仪 瑞士Tecan公司。
将巴沙鱼鱼鳔清洗后,去除鱼鳔内部组织和表面脂肪,剪成0.5 cm×0.5 cm的小块,加入20倍体积0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液,于4 ℃下搅拌12 h后用蒸馏水洗至中性;再加入25倍体积的10%异丙醇溶液4 ℃下处理24 h进行脱脂,然后用蒸馏水冲洗干净后备用。
以预处理的巴沙鱼鱼鳔为原料,分别选择胰蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶5种酶进行酶解实验。在5种酶的最适条件下酶解(表1),固定底物浓度5%,加酶量3000 U/g,酶解时间4 h,以酶解液的水解度、总还原能力为主要指标,DPPH自由基清除率为次要指标,确定适用于巴沙鱼鱼鳔酶解的最佳酶制剂。
根据蛋白酶种类的筛选结果确定实验用酶,以底物浓度5%,pH7.0,加酶量3000 U/g,酶解温度50 ℃,酶解时间4 h为基本条件,分别对底物浓度(3%、4%、5%、6%、7%、8%)、pH(5.0、5.5、6.0、6.5、7.0、7.5、8.0、8.5、9.0)、加酶量(1000、2000、3000、4000、5000 U/g)、酶解温度(40、45、50、55、60 ℃)和酶解时间(1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8 h)进行单因素实验,以水解度、总还原力为考察指标,优化蛋白酶的酶解条件。
在单因素实验的基础上,根据Box-behnken试验设计原理,选取酶解时间(A)、酶解温度(B)和加酶量(C)为自变量,以总还原力为响应值,设计3因素3水平的响应面优化试验(表2),探究蛋白酶酶解法制备巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽的最佳酶解工艺参数。
参照周先艳[22]的方法,采用茚三酮法测定巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽的水解度(DH)。取酶解液1 mL定容到50 mL,取1 mL稀释液于试管中并加入1 mL蒸馏水和1.0 mL茚三酮显色剂混匀后置于沸水浴中加热15 min,用冷水迅速冷却至室温,随后加入5 mL 40%乙醇溶液混匀后静置20 min,测定570 nm处的吸光值。利用标准曲线y=0.0061x+0.0002(R2=0.993)计算水解蛋白液中-NH2的含量(mmol/L),采用下式计算水解度的大小。
$\rm \mathrm{DH}(\text{%})=\frac{\dfrac{{\text-}\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{2}含量}{6.25\times \mathrm{N}}-\text{μ} }{{\text{h}}_{\text{tot}}}\times 100 $
式中,-NH2含量根据标准曲线计算得出,μmol/mL;N为凯氏定氮法所测值,mg/mL;μ为原料中游离-NH2含量,μmol/mL;htot为每1 g巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽中肽链当量数,经氨基酸含量测定后计算为9.48 mmol/g。
参照Ahmadi等[23]的方法,测定巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽的总还原力。在离心管中分别加入0.2 mol/L pH6.6的磷酸盐缓冲液2.5 mL,酶解液1 mL,1%铁氰化钾溶液2.5 mL,混合均匀后,在50 ℃下反应20 min,冷却至室温,向混合溶液中加入2.5 mL 10%的三氯乙酸溶液混匀,终止反应,于5000 r/min条件下离心10 min,取上清液2.5 mL,加入2.5 mL蒸馏水和0.5 mL 0.1%的FeCl3溶液,静置10 min后,于700 nm波长处测定吸光度,平行测定3次,以VC溶液做阳性对照。
参考王婉怡[24]的方法并稍作调整,将巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽冻干粉末配制成100 mg/mL的溶液,离心后取上清备用。吸取1 mL巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽溶液加到平衡完全的Sephadex G-10柱(1.5 cm×40 cm)中,用超纯水以0.5 mL/min的流速进行洗脱。每2 min收集一管洗脱液,检测每管样品在280 nm波长处的紫外吸收,同时使用BCA试剂盒检测每管蛋白含量,根据检测结果绘制洗脱曲线,并收集主峰。
按照GB 5009.124-2016中规定的方法鉴定巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽及其分离纯化组分的氨基酸组成[25]。
参考刘楚怡等[26]的研究方法并略作修改,使用高效液相色谱测定巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽及其分离纯化组分的分子量,并用GPC软件进行分析。检测条件为:色谱柱TSKgelG 2000 SWXL (300 mm×7.8 mm),流动相为乙腈/水(3:7,v/v),在柱温30 ℃、流速1.0 mL/min条件下,以检测波长220 nm对样品进行测定。标准品为尿嘧啶(112 Da)、谷胱甘肽(307 Da)、杆菌肽(1422 Da)、抑肽酶(6511 Da)、细胞色素C(12394 Da)、牛血清白蛋白Ⅴ(68000 Da)。将巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽及其分离纯化组分冻干粉和标准品用超纯水配制成3~5 mg/mL的溶液,经0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤后加入进样瓶中,上机进样。
根据DPPH自由基清除能力试剂盒、超氧阴离子清除能力试剂盒以及羟自由基清除能力试剂盒检测巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽及其分离纯化组分对三种自由基的清除能力。设置多肽溶液的浓度分别为0.1、0.25、0.5、1.0、2.0、5.0、10.0、20.0 mg/mL,以相同浓度的抗坏血酸(VC)做阳性对照,蒸馏水做空白对照,评价巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽及其分离纯化组分的体外自由基清除能力。
参考李娜等[27]的方法并略作修改。将L929细胞按1×103个细胞/孔的密度接种到96孔板中,设置空白组、对照组和样品组,空白组不接种细胞(下同),每组设置6个平行,于37 ℃,5% CO2培养箱中培养。24 h后向空白组和对照组中加入DMEM完全培养基,样品组加入含浓度为10、50、100、200、400和600 µg/mL BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ的DMEM完全培养基,置于CO2培养箱中继续培养24 h,使用CCK-8试剂盒测定细胞增殖率,评估不同浓度胶原肽对L929的细胞毒性。
将L929细胞以1×103个细胞/孔的密度接种于96孔板中,设置空白组、正常对照组、模型组(1.0 mmol/L H2O2)和药物干预组(含浓度为100 μg/mL和400 μg/mL BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ的DMEM高糖培养基)。培养至细胞密度增加到50%左右时,向除空白组和正常对照组外的其余各组中加入1.0 mmol/L H2O2进行诱导处理。处理结束后,空白组、正常对照组和模型组加入不含胎牛血清的DMEM高糖培养基,药物干预组加入含浓度为100和400 μg/mL BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ的DMEM完全培养基,于CO2培养箱中继续培养24 h后,以CCK-8法测定细胞增殖率,评估不同浓度胶原肽对H2O2诱导下细胞增殖率变化的影响,确定后续实验的胶原肽浓度。
将细胞以1×104个细胞/孔的密度接种到6孔板中,细胞分组和培养流程同1.2.10。细胞经H2O2诱导后,药物干预组加入浓度为400 μg/mL的三种鱼鳔肽分离纯化组分,继续培养24 h,按照β-半乳糖苷酶染色试剂盒说明书的方法对细胞进行固定和染色。在倒置显微镜下观察计数,阳性细胞显示为蓝色,采用ImageJ软件计算阳性细胞占总细胞比值来表示β-半乳糖苷酶活性。
以5×103个细胞/孔的密度接种细胞于12孔板中,细胞分组和培养流程同1.2.10,加入浓度为400 μg/mL的三种鱼鳔肽分离纯化组分,继续培养24 h。按照ROS活性氧试剂盒说明书中原位装载探针的方法进行实验,以GSH做阳性对照,利用多功能酶标仪检测活性氧(ROS)的荧光强度(激发光488 nm,发射光波长525 nm)。
按1.2.10中的方法培养和处理细胞。细胞内MDA、SOD和GSH-Px含量的测定参照试剂盒说明,分别采用酶标法、WST-1法和双抗体夹心法进行测定。
按1.2.10中的方法培养和处理细胞。细胞内Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型胶原蛋白含量的测定参照试剂盒说明,均采用双抗体夹心法进行测定。
每个实验重复三次或三次以上,结果以平均值±标准差(SD)表示。采用Origin 2024、GraphPad Prism 9.0软件分析实验数据并绘图,采用t检验或单因素分析ANOVA分析两组或多组数据之间的差异性,以P<0.05表示差异显著,以P<0.01表示差异极显著。
酶解法是胶原蛋白肽最常用的提取方法。由于不同蛋白酶的底物特异性及作用位点的差异,不同蛋白酶作用于鱼鳔的水解程度不同,酶解产物的功能性也将有所不同[28]。而根据自由基/氧化应激理论,通过抗氧化物抑制生物体过度氧化应激是一种有效延缓或预防衰老的干预策略[18]。因此本研究以酶解液的水解度和抗氧化能力(总还原力、DPPH自由基清除活性)为指标,筛选制备抗衰老活性肽的酶解条件。蛋白酶筛选结果如图1(a)所示,在所选用的5种蛋白酶中,风味蛋白酶组水解度、总还原力和DPPH自由基清除活性最高,分别为21.70%±1.19%、0.212±0.006和24.54%±1.64%,因此选择风味蛋白酶为实验用酶进行后续实验。
图1(b)显示了不同底物浓度对水解度和总还原力的影响,随着底物浓度的增大,酶解液的水解度和总还原力均先升高,后趋于平稳;在底物浓度4%时,总还原力达到最高值0.225±0.012,水解度为26.91%±1.51%;此时继续升高底物浓度,水解度和总还原力在整体上无明显变化,说明底物浓度已趋于饱和,继续增大底物浓度时酶促反应速率不再增加[29],因此为了避免资源浪费,选择最佳底物浓度为4%。
图1(c)显示酶解产物的水解度随着pH的升高无明显变化,而总还原力逐渐降低,当pH为5.0时,酶解液的总还原力最高,为0.363±0.009,水解度为24.20%±0.92%;继续增大pH时,由于偏离了酶的最适pH,会使酶的活性降低甚至失活,不利于酶解反应进行[30],因此选择pH5.0为最佳酶解pH。
图1(d)显示酶解液的水解度和总还原力均随着酶解温度的提高呈现升高后降低的趋势,当酶解温度为50 ℃时,酶解产物的水解度达到最高值24.41%±1.28%,总还原力也达到最大值0.237±0.008,继续提高温度超过了蛋白酶的最适温度,导致酶解效率降低,因此选择最适的酶解温度为50 ℃。
图1(e)表示随着加酶量的增加,酶解液的水解度和总还原力呈现出先升高后趋于平稳的趋势,当加酶量为4000 U/g时,酶解液的水解度为22.86%±0.80%,总还原力为0.261±0.012;继续提高加酶量,酶解产物的水解度和总还原力无显著变化(P>0.05),推测此时底物基本上已水解完全,因此,综合考虑酶解效果和加酶量成本问题,选择最佳酶添加量为4000 U/g。
图1(f)显示总还原力随着酶解时间的延长呈现先升高后降低的趋势,当酶解时间为4 h时,酶解产物的总还原力最大,为0.245±0.008,此时水解度为24.71%±1.65%,继续延长酶解时间,酶解产物的水解度趋于平稳且无显著变化(P>0.05),而总还原力逐渐降低,推测原因可能为酶解时间过长,部分具有铁离子还原能力的多肽由于反应过度被分解成氨基酸而失去了活性,导致酶解产物的总还原力逐渐降低[31],因此选择最佳酶解时间为4 h。
在单因素实验的基础上,采用Box-Behnken设计响应面试验,以酶解时间(A)、酶解温度(B)和加酶量(C)为试验变量,总还原力(Y)为响应值,进行三因素三水平的响应面试验,得到响应面试验设计及结果见表3。
通过Design-expert 9.1软件对表3的数据进行拟合分析,得到的多元回归方程为:Y=0.4107+0.003A−0.0052B+0.0165C−0.001AB+0.0005AC+0.0018BC−0.0167A2−0.0386B2−0.0049C2。对回归模型进行方差分析,结果如表4所示。模型的F值为18.78,P<0.05,表明该模型显著,方程与实际情况拟合良好,能正确反映巴沙鱼鱼鳔酶解过程中酶解时间、酶解温度和加酶量之间的关系;失拟项P值为0.6919(P>0.05),相对于纯误差不显著,说明模型与实际数据拟合较好,能够很好地反映数据的真实情况;模型决定系数R2=0.9602,说明模型能够有效预测巴沙鱼鱼鳔酶解产物的总还原力。因此,可以利用此模型确定最佳酶解工艺。
经软件分析确定的最佳酶解条件为:酶解时间3.86 h、温度50.45 ℃、酶添加量4964.30 U/g;理论总还原力为0.422,根据实际的制备过程中的可操作性,调整酶解工艺参数为酶解时间3.90 h,酶添加量5000 U/g,温度50.50 ℃,以调整后的条件进行3次平行验证实验,测得实际总还原力为0.426±0.011,测定值稳定、偏差小,证明该结果合理可靠。
按照最佳制备工艺条件获得巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽(Basa Catfish Swim Bladder Petide,BBP),检测其体外自由基清除能力,结果如图2所示。由图2可知,BBP在高浓度时均表现出良好的体外自由基清除能力。其中,BBP对DPPH·的清除能力最好,在浓度为20 mg/mL时,对DPPH·的清除能力达到86.62%,IC50值为2.259 mg/mL;其次对于O2−·的最大清除率可以达到66.64%,IC50值为4.767 mg/mL;对于·OH的清除能力表现较差,在高浓度时才显示出良好的清除能力,与VC对照组的IC50值0.046 mg/mL相比还有一定差距。李娜等[27]采用复合蛋白酶酶解鳕鱼鱼鳔制备抗氧化肽,其在浓度20 mg/mL时对DPPH·与O2−·的清除率分别能达到71.4%和63.6%,IC50值为8.29和5.03 mg/mL;涂宗财等[32]利用风味蛋白酶制备草鱼鱼鳔胶原肽,在浓度30 mg/mL时对DPPH自由基的清除率可达到81.27%,IC50值为8.05 mg/mL。综上,BBP能够有效地清除自由基,效果优于其他鱼鳔来源的鱼鳔肽,是良好的抗氧化肽来源。
表5显示了在最佳酶解条件下得到的巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽的分子量分布情况。由于酶解所用的风味蛋白酶包含了内切与外切两种活性酶,内切酶特异性作用于蛋白质肽链内部的肽键,通过水解作用将长链切割为短肽片段;外切酶则从多肽链的N-端或C-端逐步切断肽键,释放游离氨基酸,这种协同酶解机制使得最终产物呈现出广泛的分子量分布特性[33]。如表5所示,鱼鳔肽的分子量主要分布在3 kDa以下,占比99.307%,其中<1 kDa的寡肽含量为78.921%,说明使用风味蛋白酶能够较为充分地水解巴沙鱼鱼鳔胶原蛋白,酶解产物分子量相对集中在低分子量(<3 kDa)的区间。
由于BBP的分子量主要分布在3 kDa以下,因此本实验采用Sephadex G-10凝胶柱对巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽进行层析分离。在紫外吸收波长280 nm处检测洗脱产物的吸光度,按照检测结果绘制洗脱曲线,结果如图3所示。根据280 nm处的洗脱曲线,BBP被分出两个明显的峰,为了探究巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽中发挥抗衰老功能的具体分子量段,将第二个较大的洗脱峰分成分子量不同的两部分进行研究,依次在第27~30、37~38、39~42 min对洗脱组分进行收集,对收集到的三个高活性肽段依次命名为BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ。
多肽的生物活性与氨基酸的组成密切相关,氨基酸的组成与其R基团有关,如亲核的含硫侧链、含苯环的芳香族侧链、咪唑侧链等[34]。芳香族氨基酸(包括苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸)能够提供电子将自由基转化为稳定的分子,从而发挥抗氧化作用[35]。氨基酸疏水性的增加被证明可以增强其在脂质中的溶解度,从而增加其抗氧化特性[36]。此外,组氨酸被证明能够螯合咪唑环、捕获和分解脂质而具有很强的自由基清除特性[37]。BBP、BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ的氨基酸组成分析结果如表6所示。结果显示,与鳕鱼鱼鳔肽的组成类似[27],BBP及三种分离纯化组分的主要氨基酸组成均为甘氨酸、脯氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸和羟脯氨酸,但四种多肽之间的氨基酸组成仍有一定差异。BBP-Ⅰ中芳香族氨基酸的含量最高,为2.079±0.127 g/100 g。BBP-Ⅱ中疏水氨基酸含量最高,为50.055±0.713 g/100 g,接着依次是BBP-Ⅲ(49.226±0.659 g/100 g)、BBP-Ⅰ(45.915±0.802 g/100 g)和BBP(41.908±0.747 g/100 g)。此外,四种多肽的组氨酸含量类似,除BBP-Ⅱ中组氨酸含量略低外,其余三种多肽均无显著差异(P>0.05)。这些多肽之间氨基酸组成的差异可能正是导致其表现出不同抗氧化活性的主要原因。Li等[20]、李娜等[27]在分析其他鱼鳔肽的氨基酸组成时也得到了类似的结论。
巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽分离纯化得到的三种组分的分子量分布情况如表7所示。BBP中大部分肽段的分子量在3 kDa以下,其中在1~3 kDa的肽段占比20.386%,<1 kDa的肽段占比达78.921%,属于短肽;经分离纯化后,BBP-Ⅰ的肽段分子量主要分布在0.5~3 kDa,约占总量的90%;BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ中肽段分子量主要分布在1 kDa以下,BBP-Ⅱ中多肽分子量在0.5~1 kDa之间占比61.417%,BBP-Ⅲ中<500 Da的多肽占比达到42.128%,表明经Sephadex G-10对巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽进行层析分离后,巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽被分成了三个分子量段不同的多肽。
对BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ的体外自由基清除能力进行比较分析,结果如图4所示。随着浓度的增加,BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ对DPPH·、O2−·和·OH的清除率逐渐升高,均呈现出良好的量效关系。其中,三个组分对自由基清除能力大小排序均为:BBP-Ⅰ>BBP-Ⅱ>BBP-Ⅲ。对于BBP-Ⅰ组分而言,当质量浓度达到20 mg/mL时,DPPH·清除率达到最高80.96%,IC50值为3.049 mg/mL;在相同浓度下,BBP-Ⅱ的自由基清除率为67.77%,IC50值为5.517 mg/mL;BBP-Ⅲ的清除率最低,仅为62.55%,IC50值为9.411 mg/mL。对于O2−·清除能力,BBP-Ⅰ在20 mg/mL时,O2−·清除率最高,可以达到65.16%,IC50值为10.21 mg/mL;该浓度下BPP-II和BBP-Ⅲ的O2−·清除率分别为54.85%和50.39%。三者的超氧阴离子清除能力均显著低于其对DPPH自由基的清除能力,且在低浓度下清除率提升缓慢,高浓度下才呈现显著上升趋势。此外,相较于对DPPH·和O2−·的清除能力,三种组分对羟自由基的清除能力整体较弱。当浓度达到20 mg/mL时,BBP-Ⅰ对·OH的清除率最高仅为37.91%,BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ的清除率则分别为31.97%和27.85%,均未达到50%,说明三者对·OH的清除能力有限。整体来看,BBP-Ⅰ在三种自由基清除能力中均表现出最优活性,BBP-Ⅱ次之,BBP-Ⅲ最弱,这一趋势可能与组分间的极性大小、分子量分布及活性基团含量差异有关。
为评价巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽的三个分离纯化组分BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ的生物安全性,采用CCK-8法检测三种组分对小鼠表皮成纤维细胞(L929细胞)的增殖率的影响,结果如图5所示。与空白对照组相比,在浓度为10~600 μg/mL的区间内,三个组分对L929细胞的增殖率均超过100%,当BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ的浓度在50 μg/mL以上时,三种组分能够显著促进细胞增殖(P<0.05),当BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ的浓度在100 μg/mL以上时,三种组分能够极显著促进细胞增殖(P<0.01),并随浓度的升高呈现出明显的剂量依赖关系。其中BBP-Ⅱ对于细胞增殖的促进作用最明显,最高可超过200%,BBP-Ⅰ与BBP-Ⅲ促进L929细胞的增殖最高也可达到160%以上,说明BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ与BBP-Ⅲ均无细胞毒性,并且对细胞增殖有极显著的促进作用。
为了探究巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽是否能够恢复衰老细胞的细胞活力,利用1.0 mmol/L H2O2建立L929细胞衰老模型[2],考虑到H2O2构建的细胞衰老模型会抑制细胞的增殖,根据2.8节的实验结果,选择能够极显著促进细胞增殖(P<0.01)的最低和最高剂量来探究BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ对衰老L929细胞的保护作用,由于400 mg/mL与600 mg/mL的样品浓度对促进衰老细胞增殖的效果无显著差异(P>0.05),综合考虑选择100 mg/mL与400 mg/mL的样品浓度对细胞进行培养,结果如图6所示。与正常对照组细胞相比,模型组细胞的增殖率显著降低(P<0.05);与模型组相比,加入巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽分离纯化组分培养的药物干预组细胞的增殖率均极显著提升(P<0.01)。其中,BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ与BBP-Ⅲ的低浓度组(100 μg/mL)的细胞增殖率均恢复到了正常对照组的水平,但与正常对照组没有显著差异(P>0.05),而BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ与BBP-Ⅲ的高浓度组(400 μg/mL)相较于正常对照组和模型组均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),故后续以400 μg/mL的药物干预浓度进行细胞实验。相较于2.8节中未造模的100 mg/mL与400 mg/mL药物干预组,本节造模后药物干预组中的细胞增殖率均出现了一定程度的降低,说明造模后部分细胞出现了不可逆的细胞生长停滞,在一定程度上表明H2O2诱导细胞进入了衰老状态。以上结果表明,BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ与BBP-Ⅲ能够显著提高H2O2诱导的L929衰老细胞的细胞活力,对延缓细胞衰老具有一定的保护作用。
β-半乳糖苷酶含量是评估细胞衰老水平的一种普遍的生物标志物。为了探究多肽组分是否对改善细胞衰老发挥作用,对H2O2诱导的衰老L929细胞中的β-半乳糖苷酶染色阳性率进行了检测。结果如图7所示,正常对照组的细胞染色阳性率较低,只占细胞总量的12.5%,与正常对照组相比,模型组细胞经H2O2诱导后染色阳性率极显著升高,达到67.8%(P<0.01),表明H2O2成功诱导L929细胞构建了应激性细胞衰老模型;与模型组相比,经BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ处理后细胞中的β-半乳糖苷酶染色细胞阳性率分别下降至36.8%(P<0.01)、46.6%(P<0.05)和40.7%(P<0.01),均具有统计学意义;其中,BBP-Ⅰ下降程度最大,GSH组能够降低至接近正常对照组水平。上述结果均表明,BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ与BBP-Ⅲ能有效地延缓H2O2诱导的L929细胞衰老。
过氧化氢(H2O2)能够诱导细胞产生自由基(ROS)并导致脂质过氧化,引起氧化应激反应,导致应激性细胞衰老[17]。ROS在细胞信号传导和体内平衡中发挥重要作用,但其水平急剧增加可能会对细胞结构造成严重损害[38−39]。丙二醛(MDA)是脂质过氧化的产物,能够衡量机体氧化损伤的程度[40]。图8显示了各组细胞中ROS(a)、MDA(b)、SOD(c)和GSH-Px(d)的含量。经H2O2诱导后,模型组细胞内的ROS荧光强度较正常对照组提高了4.4倍(P<0.01),MDA含量显著升高(P<0.05),SOD和GSH-Px的含量极显著降低(P<0.01),说明细胞内氧化还原稳态失衡,处于氧化应激状态;加入BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ与BBP-Ⅲ处理后,L929衰老细胞内的ROS荧光强度和MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05),SOD和GSH-Px含量显著升高(P<0.05),细胞的氧化应激状态明显减轻。其中,BBP-Ⅰ组ROS荧光强度降低了59.78%(P<0.01),相对于BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ组的下降趋势更为明显;BBP-Ⅱ能使MDA含量降低到与GSH对照组相近的程度,BBP-Ⅲ提升SOD和GSH-Px的含量的效果最为明显,但和GSH对照组仍有一定差距。上述结果表明,BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ能够通过抑制H2O2诱导的L929细胞中ROS和MDA的生成,提高SOD和GSH-Px的含量,维持细胞内正常的氧化平衡,从而改善H2O2诱导的细胞氧化损伤,延缓细胞衰老。
成纤维细胞是真皮中可以合成胶原蛋白的主要细胞,其分泌的胶原蛋白能够起到延缓细胞衰老,维持和提供皮肤弹性的作用[41]。H2O2诱导L929细胞衰老模型可模拟衰老细胞中的I/Ⅲ型胶原比例失衡,引发皮肤硬化、弹性下降的问题[17]。因此,评估细胞中的胶原蛋白含量变化是探究巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽是否发挥抗细胞衰老作用的一个重要指标。图9显示了BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ对H2O2诱导的L929衰老细胞内Ⅰ型胶原和Ⅲ型胶原含量的影响。结果显示,三种组分对衰老细胞中的Ⅰ型胶原和Ⅲ型胶原含量有着不同程度的提升,其中BBP-Ⅰ对细胞中Ⅰ型胶原含量提升最明显,对比模型组提升了67%(P<0.01),对比正常对照组提升了40%(P<0.05);BBP-Ⅲ处理后的细胞内Ⅲ型胶原含量提升最高,相较于正常对照组提升了54%(P<0.05),相较于模型组提升了228%(P<0.01)。此外,BBP-Ⅱ对于细胞内两种胶原含量提升最小,但与模型组相比仍有提高;但GSH组对细胞中胶原含量的增加没有帮助(P>0.05),说明GSH可能不是通过提高胶原含量改善细胞衰老的。综上,BBP-Ⅰ和BBP-Ⅲ可以显著上调H2O2诱导的L929衰老细胞中的胶原表达,改善了衰老细胞的功能衰退,延缓了细胞衰老。
本研究以水解度和总还原力为指标,对巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽的酶解工艺进行优化,通过G-10葡聚糖凝胶柱层析对巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽进行分离纯化,得到分子量不同的三种鱼鳔肽(BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ)。三种鱼鳔肽均表现出较强的DPPH·、O2−·、·OH清除能力,且在相同浓度下BBP-Ⅰ的自由基清除能力最强;氨基酸组成分析中,BBP-Ⅱ中疏水氨基酸含量高于BBP-Ⅰ和BBP-Ⅲ,BBP-Ⅰ中芳香氨基酸的含量高于BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ,氨基酸组成的不同可能是引起三种鱼鳔肽出现抗氧化活性差异的重要原因之一。对BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ和BBP-Ⅲ进行细胞毒性评价,在10~600 μg/mL的浓度范围内,三种活性肽均无细胞毒性;利用H2O2构建氧化应激诱导的细胞衰老模型,H2O2处理后,模型组细胞中出现细胞活力下降,衰老细胞增多,胶原蛋白分泌减少的现象,且细胞内ROS水平、MDA含量显著升高,SOD和GSH-Px含量降低,说明H2O2诱导细胞产生了氧化应激反应,引起细胞衰老,导致胶原蛋白流失;BBP-Ⅰ、BBP-Ⅱ、BBP-Ⅲ处理后,通过降低衰老细胞中ROS水平和MDA含量,提高SOD和GSH-Px含量,提高了细胞抗氧化水平,减少了氧化应激反应的发生(SIPS诱因减少);同时,三种活性肽能够显著恢复L929衰老细胞的细胞活力,抑制细胞衰老并显著上调Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型胶原蛋白的含量,展现出良好的延缓衰老作用。上述结果表明本研究制得的巴沙鱼鱼鳔肽是良好的抗氧化活性肽资源,在延缓衰老方面表现出良好的功能活性,能够为鱼鳔资源的综合开发与高值化利用提供理论及技术支撑,有望推动水产副产物在功能性食品、护肤品及生物医药领域的应用。

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2026年第47卷第13期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060034
  • 接收时间:2025-06-05
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-07-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-05
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    1中国海洋大学食品科学与工程学院,山东青岛 266000
    2中国海洋大学医药学院,山东青岛 266000
    3青岛海洋生物医药研究院,山东青岛 266000
    4青岛海洋生物医药研究院股份有限公司,山东青岛 266000

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刘楚怡(1986−),女,博士,正高级工程师,研究方向:功能蛋白活性肽及其功能制品,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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