Article(id=1320883759554085591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320881884691808691, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070297, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753372800000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852829111, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1782835200000, pubDateStr=2026-07-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852829111, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852829111, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852829111, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320881884691808691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='13', pageStart='1', pageEnd='522', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782835200000', pubDateStr='2026-07-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852382109, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852382109, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=170, endPage=176, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320883759906407128, articleId=1320883759554085591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Components in the Muscles of Decapterus macarellus from the South China Sea, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to investigate the nutritional quality of the muscle tissues of Decapterus macarellus from the South China Sea, the general nutritional composition, mineral elements, amino acid profile and fatty acid profile in both dorsal and ventral muscles were analyzed, and the nutritional value was evaluated. The results showed that no significant difference (P>0.05) was observed between the dorsal and ventral muscles in the content of moisture (69.35%~70.48%), protein (23.59%~24.60%) and ash (1.65%~1.79%). However, the fat content in the ventral muscles (0.94%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that in the dorsal muscles (0.74%). The contents of potassium (4599.9~4661.1 mg/kg) and magnesium (412.2~424.6 mg/kg) in the dorsal and ventral muscles did not differ significantly (P>0.05), while there were significant (P<0.05) differences in the contents of sodium (905.2~996.9 mg/kg), calcium (271.6~360.5 mg/kg), iron (11.1~13.1 mg/kg) and zinc (7.3~10.3 mg/kg). Specifically, the dorsal muscles exhibited higher zinc content, and the ventral muscles contained higher levels of sodium, calcium, and iron. The amino acid composition was similar between the dorsal and ventral muscles, with a high lysine content (2.1~2.2 g/100 g). The ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids was 0.41, and the ratio of essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids was 0.69, meeting the criteria for high-quality protein. The essential amino acid index ranged from 0.75 to 0.86, indicating that Decapterus macarellus was an available protein source. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the DHA+EPA content (48.59%~50.00%) and the ratio of total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids to total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, the ratio of total polyunsaturated fatty acids to total saturated fatty acids in the ventral muscles (1.51) was significantly higher than that in the dorsal muscles (1.44) (P<0.05). These results suggest that the muscle tissues of Decapterus macarellus, especially the ventral muscles, possess high nutritional value and represent a high-quality resource with potential for high-value processing and utilization in the South China Sea.

, authors=Yifeng RANG1, Shengjun CHEN1, 2, *, Yongqiang ZHAO1, Hui HUANG1, Yanyan WU1, Xiao HU1, Chunsheng LI1, authorsList=Yifeng RANG, Shengjun CHEN, Yongqiang ZHAO, Hui HUANG, Yanyan WU, Xiao HU, Chunsheng LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shengjun CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320883760732685019, articleId=1320883759554085591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=南海细鳞圆鲹肌肉的营养成分分析与评价, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究南海细鳞圆鲹(Decapterus macarellus)肌肉的营养品质,测定了背侧肌肉与腹侧肌肉一般营养成分、矿物质元素、氨基酸组成和脂肪酸组成,并进行了营养价值评价。结果显示,细鳞圆鲹背腹侧肌肉的水分含量(69.35%~70.48%)、蛋白质含量(23.59%~24.60%)、灰分含量(1.65%~1.79%)均无显著差异(P>0.05),但腹侧肌肉脂肪含量(0.94%)显著高于(P<0.05)背侧肌肉(0.74%)。背腹侧肌肉中K含量(4599.9~4661.1 mg/kg)、Mg含量(412.2~424.6 mg/kg)无显著差异(P>0.05),Na含量(905.2~996.9 mg/kg)、Ca含量(271.6~360.5 mg/kg)、Fe含量(11.1~13.1 mg/kg)、Zn含量(7.3~10.3 mg/kg)则存在显著(P<0.05)差异,背侧肌肉中Zn含量较高,而腹侧肌肉中Na、Ca、Fe含量较高。背腹侧肌肉氨基酸组成一致,赖氨酸含量(2.1~2.2 g/100 g)高,必需氨基酸总量与氨基酸总量之比为0.41,必需氨基酸总量与非必需氨基酸总量之比为0.69,符合优质蛋白质标准;必需氨基酸指数在0.75~0.86之间,属于可用蛋白源。背腹侧肌肉脂肪酸中DHA+EPA含量(48.59%~50.00%)、n-6系多不饱和脂肪酸总量与n-3系多不饱和脂肪酸总量之比(0.08)无显著差异(P>0.05),但腹侧肌肉脂肪酸中多不饱和脂肪酸总量与饱和脂肪酸总量之比(1.51)显著高于背侧肌肉(1.44)(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,细鳞圆鲹肌肉尤其是腹侧肌肉营养价值高,是南海中具有高值化加工利用前景的优质资源。

, authors=让一峰1, 陈胜军1, 2, *, 赵永强1, 黄卉1, 吴燕燕1, 胡晓1, 李春生1, authorsList=让一峰, 陈胜军, 赵永强, 黄卉, 吴燕燕, 胡晓, 李春生, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=陈胜军, authorNote=

让一峰(1991−),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:水产品加工,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
陈胜军(1973−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:水产品加工与质量安全控制,E-mail:。
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注:(A)AAS;(B)CS。相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=qTvZS2/LiCj5/zc1Qh0n0w==, figureFileBig=03M5G71Mq2zyUuYqoOX5xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883764176208656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883759554085591, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Nutrimental components in dorsal muscles and abdominal muscles of Decapterus macarellus (fresh weight)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
部位水分(%)粗蛋白(%)粗脂肪(%)灰分(%)
背侧肌肉69.35±1.78a24.60±0.28a0.74±0.04b1.65±0.12a
腹侧肌肉70.48±0.03a23.59±1.08a0.94±0.03a1.79±0.21a
), ArticleFig(id=1320883764260094737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883759554085591, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

细鳞圆鲹背侧肌肉和腹侧肌肉的基本营养成分(鲜重)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
部位水分(%)粗蛋白(%)粗脂肪(%)灰分(%)
背侧肌肉69.35±1.78a24.60±0.28a0.74±0.04b1.65±0.12a
腹侧肌肉70.48±0.03a23.59±1.08a0.94±0.03a1.79±0.21a
), ArticleFig(id=1320883764335592210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883759554085591, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Content of minerals in dorsal muscles and abdominal muscles of Decapterus macarellus (mg/kg, fresh weight)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
部位KNaMgCaFeZn
背侧肌肉4661.1±168.1a905.2±31.4b412.2±10.9a271.6±7.2b11.1±0.2b10.3±0.1a
腹侧肌肉4599.9±46.0a996.9±35.9a424.6±14.7a360.5±9.5a13.1±0.5a7.3±0.2b
), ArticleFig(id=1320883764398506771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883759554085591, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

细鳞圆鲹背侧肌肉和腹侧肌肉矿物质元素含量(mg/kg,鲜重)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
部位KNaMgCaFeZn
背侧肌肉4661.1±168.1a905.2±31.4b412.2±10.9a271.6±7.2b11.1±0.2b10.3±0.1a
腹侧肌肉4599.9±46.0a996.9±35.9a424.6±14.7a360.5±9.5a13.1±0.5a7.3±0.2b
), ArticleFig(id=1320883764465615636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883759554085591, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Composition and content of amino acids in dorsal muscles and abdominal muscles of Decapterus macarellus (g/100 g, fresh weight)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类背侧肌肉腹侧肌肉
天冬氨酸Asp#2.28±0.08a2.24±0.08a
苏氨酸Thr1.05±0.02a1.04±0.01a
丝氨酸Ser0.87±0.02a0.87±0.03a
谷氨酸Glu#3.25±0.06a3.19±0.11a
甘氨酸Pro#1.10±0.03a1.09±0.04a
丙氨酸Ala#1.36±0.05a1.35±0.04a
缬氨酸Val1.27±0.04a1.26±0.03a
蛋氨酸Met0.77±0.01a0.76±0.01a
异亮氨酸Ile1.12±0.04a1.11±0.03a
亮氨酸Leu1.86±0.05a1.83±0.07a
酪氨酸Tyr0.79±0.02a0.77±0.03a
苯丙氨酸Phe0.95±0.03a0.93±0.01a
赖氨酸Lys2.17±0.08a2.13±0.06a
组氨酸His1.77±0.05a1.64±0.07a
精氨酸Arg1.41±0.04a1.39±0.03a
脯氨酸Pro0.77±0.01a0.79±0.01a
胱氨酸Cys0.21±0.01a0.20±0.01a
色氨酸Trp0.31±0.01a0.31±0.01a
氨基酸总量∑AA23.31±0.60a22.90±0.62a
必需氨基酸总量∑EAA9.50±0.26a9.37±0.21a
非必需氨基酸总量∑NEAA13.81±0.34a13.53±0.41a
∑EAA/∑AA0.41±0.01a0.41±0.01a
∑EAA/∑NEAA0.69±0.01a0.69±0.01a
支链氨基酸总量/芳香族氨基酸总量(支/芳值)2.07±0.03a2.09±0.01a
呈味氨基酸总量∑DAA7.99±0.19a7.87±0.24a
∑DAA/∑AA(%)34.28±0.08a34.36±0.13a
), ArticleFig(id=1320883764536918805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883759554085591, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

细鳞圆鲹背侧肌肉和腹侧肌肉的氨基酸组成及含量(g/100 g,鲜重)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类背侧肌肉腹侧肌肉
天冬氨酸Asp#2.28±0.08a2.24±0.08a
苏氨酸Thr1.05±0.02a1.04±0.01a
丝氨酸Ser0.87±0.02a0.87±0.03a
谷氨酸Glu#3.25±0.06a3.19±0.11a
甘氨酸Pro#1.10±0.03a1.09±0.04a
丙氨酸Ala#1.36±0.05a1.35±0.04a
缬氨酸Val1.27±0.04a1.26±0.03a
蛋氨酸Met0.77±0.01a0.76±0.01a
异亮氨酸Ile1.12±0.04a1.11±0.03a
亮氨酸Leu1.86±0.05a1.83±0.07a
酪氨酸Tyr0.79±0.02a0.77±0.03a
苯丙氨酸Phe0.95±0.03a0.93±0.01a
赖氨酸Lys2.17±0.08a2.13±0.06a
组氨酸His1.77±0.05a1.64±0.07a
精氨酸Arg1.41±0.04a1.39±0.03a
脯氨酸Pro0.77±0.01a0.79±0.01a
胱氨酸Cys0.21±0.01a0.20±0.01a
色氨酸Trp0.31±0.01a0.31±0.01a
氨基酸总量∑AA23.31±0.60a22.90±0.62a
必需氨基酸总量∑EAA9.50±0.26a9.37±0.21a
非必需氨基酸总量∑NEAA13.81±0.34a13.53±0.41a
∑EAA/∑AA0.41±0.01a0.41±0.01a
∑EAA/∑NEAA0.69±0.01a0.69±0.01a
支链氨基酸总量/芳香族氨基酸总量(支/芳值)2.07±0.03a2.09±0.01a
呈味氨基酸总量∑DAA7.99±0.19a7.87±0.24a
∑DAA/∑AA(%)34.28±0.08a34.36±0.13a
), ArticleFig(id=1320883764629193494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883759554085591, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Content of essential amino acids in dorsal muscles and abdominal muscles of Decapterus macarellus (mg/g protein)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
必需氨基酸种类IleLeuLysThrValTrpMet+CysPhe+TyrTEAA
背侧肌肉46±2a76±2a88±3a43±1a52±2a13±1a40±1a71±2a427±12a
腹侧肌肉47±1a78±3a90±2a44±1a53±1a13±1a41±1a72±2a438±10a
FAO/WHO模式[27]4070554050103560360
鸡蛋蛋白[27]66886451731655100513
), ArticleFig(id=1320883764725662487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883759554085591, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

细鳞圆鲹背侧肌肉和腹侧肌肉中必需氨基酸含量(mg/g protein)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
必需氨基酸种类IleLeuLysThrValTrpMet+CysPhe+TyrTEAA
背侧肌肉46±2a76±2a88±3a43±1a52±2a13±1a40±1a71±2a427±12a
腹侧肌肉47±1a78±3a90±2a44±1a53±1a13±1a41±1a72±2a438±10a
FAO/WHO模式[27]4070554050103560360
鸡蛋蛋白[27]66886451731655100513
), ArticleFig(id=1320883764813742872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883759554085591, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Composition and content of fatty acids in dorsal muscles and abdominal muscles of Decapterus macarellus (%, total fatty acids)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
脂肪酸组成背侧肌肉质量
分数(%)
腹侧肌肉质量
分数(%)
十四碳烷酸(C14:0)2.48±0.04a2.29±0.07b
十五碳烷酸(C15:0)1.04±0.04a0.83±0.01b
十六碳烷酸(C16:0)20.19±0.20a19.91±0.53a
十七碳烷酸(C17:0)ND1.45±0.04
十八碳烷酸(C18:0)11.37±0.30a11.22±0.30a
二十碳烷酸(C20:0)NDND
二十三碳烷酸(C23:0)NDND
二十四碳烷酸(C24:0)NDND
9-十六碳一烯酸(C16:1 n-7)1.93±0.07a1.93±0.07a
10-十七碳一烯酸(C17:1 n-7)NDND
9-十八碳一烯酸(C18:1 n-9)5.57±0.06a5.25±0.19b
11-二十碳一烯酸(C20:1 n-9)NDND
13-二十二碳一烯酸(C22:1 n-9)NDND
15-二十四碳一烯酸(C24:1 n-9)0.78±0.02b0.86±0.01a
9,12-十八碳二烯酸(C18:2 n-6)1.32±0.05a1.27±0.03a
11,14-二十碳二烯酸(C20:2 n-6)NDND
13,16-二十二碳二烯酸(C22:2 n-6)NDND
9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸(C18:3 n-3)NDND
6,9,12-十八碳三烯酸(C18:3 n-6)NDND
11,14,17-二十碳三烯酸(C20:3 n-3)NDND
5,8,11,14-二十碳四烯酸(C20:4 n-6)2.45±0.09a2.51±0.09a
5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯酸
(C20:5 n-3,EPA)
7.55±0.20a7.52±0.27a
4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯酸(C22:6 n-3,DHA)41.04±1.42a42.48±1.53a
DHA+EPA48.59±0.20a50.00±1.90a
总饱和脂肪酸∑SFA37.26±0.90a36.38±0.99a
总单不饱和脂肪酸∑MUFA8.73±0.20a8.39±0.31a
总多不饱和脂肪酸∑PUFA53.54±0.23a54.90±1.88a
总不饱和脂肪酸∑UFA62.27±0.41a63.29±2.19a
∑PUFA/∑SFA1.44±0.03b1.51±0.01a
n-3系∑PUFA48.59±0.20a50.00±1.90a
n-6系∑PUFA3.77±0.04a3.78±0.03a
n-6系∑PUFA/n-3系∑PUFA0.08±0.01a0.08±0.01a
), ArticleFig(id=1320883764897628953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883759554085591, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

细鳞圆鲹背侧肌肉和腹侧肌肉脂肪酸组成及含量(%,占总脂肪酸)

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脂肪酸组成背侧肌肉质量
分数(%)
腹侧肌肉质量
分数(%)
十四碳烷酸(C14:0)2.48±0.04a2.29±0.07b
十五碳烷酸(C15:0)1.04±0.04a0.83±0.01b
十六碳烷酸(C16:0)20.19±0.20a19.91±0.53a
十七碳烷酸(C17:0)ND1.45±0.04
十八碳烷酸(C18:0)11.37±0.30a11.22±0.30a
二十碳烷酸(C20:0)NDND
二十三碳烷酸(C23:0)NDND
二十四碳烷酸(C24:0)NDND
9-十六碳一烯酸(C16:1 n-7)1.93±0.07a1.93±0.07a
10-十七碳一烯酸(C17:1 n-7)NDND
9-十八碳一烯酸(C18:1 n-9)5.57±0.06a5.25±0.19b
11-二十碳一烯酸(C20:1 n-9)NDND
13-二十二碳一烯酸(C22:1 n-9)NDND
15-二十四碳一烯酸(C24:1 n-9)0.78±0.02b0.86±0.01a
9,12-十八碳二烯酸(C18:2 n-6)1.32±0.05a1.27±0.03a
11,14-二十碳二烯酸(C20:2 n-6)NDND
13,16-二十二碳二烯酸(C22:2 n-6)NDND
9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸(C18:3 n-3)NDND
6,9,12-十八碳三烯酸(C18:3 n-6)NDND
11,14,17-二十碳三烯酸(C20:3 n-3)NDND
5,8,11,14-二十碳四烯酸(C20:4 n-6)2.45±0.09a2.51±0.09a
5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯酸
(C20:5 n-3,EPA)
7.55±0.20a7.52±0.27a
4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯酸(C22:6 n-3,DHA)41.04±1.42a42.48±1.53a
DHA+EPA48.59±0.20a50.00±1.90a
总饱和脂肪酸∑SFA37.26±0.90a36.38±0.99a
总单不饱和脂肪酸∑MUFA8.73±0.20a8.39±0.31a
总多不饱和脂肪酸∑PUFA53.54±0.23a54.90±1.88a
总不饱和脂肪酸∑UFA62.27±0.41a63.29±2.19a
∑PUFA/∑SFA1.44±0.03b1.51±0.01a
n-3系∑PUFA48.59±0.20a50.00±1.90a
n-6系∑PUFA3.77±0.04a3.78±0.03a
n-6系∑PUFA/n-3系∑PUFA0.08±0.01a0.08±0.01a
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南海细鳞圆鲹肌肉的营养成分分析与评价
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让一峰 1 , 陈胜军 1, 2, * , 赵永强 1 , 黄卉 1 , 吴燕燕 1 , 胡晓 1 , 李春生 1
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(13): 170-176
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (13) : 170 -176
南海细鳞圆鲹肌肉的营养成分分析与评价
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让一峰1 , 陈胜军1, 2, * , 赵永强1, 黄卉1, 吴燕燕1, 胡晓1, 李春生1
作者信息
  • 1中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,国家水产品加工技术研发中心,农业农村部水产品加工重点实验室,广东广州 510300
  • 2三亚热带水产研究院,海南省深远海渔业资源高效利用与加工重点实验室,海南三亚 572018
通讯作者:
陈胜军(1973−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:水产品加工与质量安全控制,E-mail:。
作者简介:

让一峰(1991−),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:水产品加工,E-mail:

Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Components in the Muscles of Decapterus macarellus from the South China Sea
Yifeng RANG1 , Shengjun CHEN1, 2, * , Yongqiang ZHAO1, Hui HUANG1, Yanyan WU1, Xiao HU1, Chunsheng LI1
Affiliations
  • 1South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, National Research and Development Center for Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572018, China
出版时间: 2026-07-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070297
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为探究南海细鳞圆鲹(Decapterus macarellus)肌肉的营养品质,测定了背侧肌肉与腹侧肌肉一般营养成分、矿物质元素、氨基酸组成和脂肪酸组成,并进行了营养价值评价。结果显示,细鳞圆鲹背腹侧肌肉的水分含量(69.35%~70.48%)、蛋白质含量(23.59%~24.60%)、灰分含量(1.65%~1.79%)均无显著差异(P>0.05),但腹侧肌肉脂肪含量(0.94%)显著高于(P<0.05)背侧肌肉(0.74%)。背腹侧肌肉中K含量(4599.9~4661.1 mg/kg)、Mg含量(412.2~424.6 mg/kg)无显著差异(P>0.05),Na含量(905.2~996.9 mg/kg)、Ca含量(271.6~360.5 mg/kg)、Fe含量(11.1~13.1 mg/kg)、Zn含量(7.3~10.3 mg/kg)则存在显著(P<0.05)差异,背侧肌肉中Zn含量较高,而腹侧肌肉中Na、Ca、Fe含量较高。背腹侧肌肉氨基酸组成一致,赖氨酸含量(2.1~2.2 g/100 g)高,必需氨基酸总量与氨基酸总量之比为0.41,必需氨基酸总量与非必需氨基酸总量之比为0.69,符合优质蛋白质标准;必需氨基酸指数在0.75~0.86之间,属于可用蛋白源。背腹侧肌肉脂肪酸中DHA+EPA含量(48.59%~50.00%)、n-6系多不饱和脂肪酸总量与n-3系多不饱和脂肪酸总量之比(0.08)无显著差异(P>0.05),但腹侧肌肉脂肪酸中多不饱和脂肪酸总量与饱和脂肪酸总量之比(1.51)显著高于背侧肌肉(1.44)(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,细鳞圆鲹肌肉尤其是腹侧肌肉营养价值高,是南海中具有高值化加工利用前景的优质资源。

细鳞圆鲹  /  肌肉  /  营养成分  /  营养评价

In order to investigate the nutritional quality of the muscle tissues of Decapterus macarellus from the South China Sea, the general nutritional composition, mineral elements, amino acid profile and fatty acid profile in both dorsal and ventral muscles were analyzed, and the nutritional value was evaluated. The results showed that no significant difference (P>0.05) was observed between the dorsal and ventral muscles in the content of moisture (69.35%~70.48%), protein (23.59%~24.60%) and ash (1.65%~1.79%). However, the fat content in the ventral muscles (0.94%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that in the dorsal muscles (0.74%). The contents of potassium (4599.9~4661.1 mg/kg) and magnesium (412.2~424.6 mg/kg) in the dorsal and ventral muscles did not differ significantly (P>0.05), while there were significant (P<0.05) differences in the contents of sodium (905.2~996.9 mg/kg), calcium (271.6~360.5 mg/kg), iron (11.1~13.1 mg/kg) and zinc (7.3~10.3 mg/kg). Specifically, the dorsal muscles exhibited higher zinc content, and the ventral muscles contained higher levels of sodium, calcium, and iron. The amino acid composition was similar between the dorsal and ventral muscles, with a high lysine content (2.1~2.2 g/100 g). The ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids was 0.41, and the ratio of essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids was 0.69, meeting the criteria for high-quality protein. The essential amino acid index ranged from 0.75 to 0.86, indicating that Decapterus macarellus was an available protein source. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the DHA+EPA content (48.59%~50.00%) and the ratio of total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids to total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, the ratio of total polyunsaturated fatty acids to total saturated fatty acids in the ventral muscles (1.51) was significantly higher than that in the dorsal muscles (1.44) (P<0.05). These results suggest that the muscle tissues of Decapterus macarellus, especially the ventral muscles, possess high nutritional value and represent a high-quality resource with potential for high-value processing and utilization in the South China Sea.

Decapterus macarellus  /  muscle  /  nutritional composition  /  nutrition evaluation
让一峰, 陈胜军, 赵永强, 黄卉, 吴燕燕, 胡晓, 李春生. 南海细鳞圆鲹肌肉的营养成分分析与评价. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (13) : 170 -176 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070297
Yifeng RANG, Shengjun CHEN, Yongqiang ZHAO, Hui HUANG, Yanyan WU, Xiao HU, Chunsheng LI. Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Components in the Muscles of Decapterus macarellus from the South China Sea[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (13) : 170 -176 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070297
鲹科(Decapterus spp.)鱼类广泛分布于全球热带、亚热带和温带海域,在海洋渔业经济和生态系统中占据着重要地位。2020年,全球鲹科鱼类的捕捞量达1.265×109 t,位居海洋渔业捕捞量第10位。鲹科鱼类以浮游生物为食,具有生命周期短、性成熟早等特点,常被视为海洋生态系统环境变化的有效生物指标[1]。南海是我国重要的渔业资源宝库,其中最主要的圆鲹属为细鳞圆鲹(Decapterus macarellus)[1]。作为一种重要的经济鱼类,细鳞圆鲹广泛栖息于南海热带和亚热带水域,水深范围通常在40~200 m[2],偏好温暖且相对较浅的海域,以浮游生物为主要食物来源[3]。
目前,关于细鳞圆鲹的研究主要集中在资源分布[3]、资源评估[1,4]和生物学特性[5−6]等方面。近年来,细鳞圆鲹中生理活性成分及其生理功效逐渐受到关注。Shoda等[7]研究发现,从细鳞圆鲹肌肉中提取的水溶性小分子成分能够抑制缺氧诱导因子活性,并在小鼠实验中有效缓解血管性视网膜病变。Herawati等[8]研究显示,细鳞圆鲹鱼皮胶原蛋白具有良好的体外抗氧化活性和酪氨酸酶抑制活性。尽管对细鳞圆鲹功能成分的研究已经取得了一定进展,但细鳞圆鲹营养成分分析和评价研究仍鲜有报道。
本研究以南海细鳞圆鲹为对象,分析、比较其背侧肌肉和腹侧肌肉的营养成分,包括基本营养成分、矿物质元素、氨基酸组成和脂肪酸组成,并评价营养价值,为南海细鳞圆鲹资源的高值化加工利用提供理论依据。
细鳞圆鲹 来源于南海水产研究所“中渔科301”科考船,2025年4~5月捕捞于南海南沙海域,挑选大小相近的细鳞圆鲹(体长17~19 cm,体重55~75 g),剔除鱼皮,沿侧线分离背侧肌肉和腹侧肌肉,绞碎、分装后于−20 ℃保存备用;氢氧化钠(分析纯)、95%乙醇(分析纯)、硫酸钾(分析纯)、石油醚(分析纯)、苯酚(分析纯)、18种氨基酸标准品、23种混合脂肪酸甲酯标准品、多元素混合标准溶液 上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;硫酸铜 分析纯,上海阿拉丁生化科技有限公司;甲醇 色谱纯,赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司;盐酸、硫酸、硝酸 均为优级纯,广州化学试剂厂;氢氧化锂 分析纯,上海吉至生化科技有限公司;实验用水 一级水;其他试剂均为国产分析纯。
QSJ-E03C8型绞肉机 小熊电器股份有限公司;DKN612C型电热恒温干燥箱 广州德菲科学仪器有限公司;BS224S型分析天平 德国赛多利斯公司;SH220F型石墨消解仪 海能未来技术集团股份有限公司;3-550A型高温马弗炉 美国NEY VULCAAN敦克电子公司;K1100型自动凯氏定氮仪 济南海能仪器有限公司;SZC-101型脂肪测定仪 上海纤检仪器有限公司;L-8900型氨基酸分析仪 日本日立公司;AGILENT1100型液相色谱仪、6890N型气相色谱仪、Agilent7900型电感耦合等离子体质谱 美国安捷伦仪器公司。
参考GB 5009.3-2016采用直接干燥法测定水分含量;参考GB 5009.4-2016采用灼烧称重法测定粗灰分含量;参考GB 5009.5-2016采用凯氏定氮法测定粗蛋白含量;参考GB 5009.6-2016采用索氏抽提法测定粗脂肪含量。
参考GB 5009.268-2016采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定钾(K)、钠(Na)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、锌(Zn)、铁(Fe)含量。
参考GB 5009.124-2016采用酸水解法测定天冬氨酸(Asp)、苏氨酸(Thr)、丝氨酸(Ser)、谷氨酸(Glu)、脯氨酸(Pro)、甘氨酸(Gly)、丙氨酸(Ala)、缬氨酸(Val)、蛋氨酸(Met)、异亮氨酸(Ile)、亮氨酸(Leu)、酪氨酸(Tyr)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)、组氨酸(His)、赖氨酸(Lys)、精氨酸(Arg)和半胱氨酸(Cys)含量;参考GB/T 15400-2018采用碱水解法测定色氨酸(Trp)含量。
参考GB 5009.168-2016采用内标法测定脂肪酸含量。
按照FAO/WHO氨基酸标准模式和鸡蛋蛋白质模式,采用标准蛋白分析程序评价细鳞圆鲹肌肉蛋白质的营养价值[9]。氨基酸评分(Amino Acid Score,AAS)、化学评分(Chemical Score,CS)和必需氨基酸指数(Essential Amino Acid Index,EAAI)分别按公式(1)(2)和(3)计算。
$ {\mathrm{AAS}=\dfrac{\mathrm{样品蛋白质中某必需氨基酸的质量分数}(\mathrm{mg}/\mathrm{g})}{\mathrm{FAO}/\text{WHO}{氨基酸标准模式中相应必需氨基酸的质量分数({\rm{mg}}/{\rm g}) }}} $
$ \mathrm{CS}=\frac{\mathrm{样品蛋白质中某必需氨基酸的质量分数}(\mathrm{mg}/\mathrm{g})}{\mathrm{鸡蛋蛋白质中相应必需氨基酸的质量分数}(\mathrm{mg}/\mathrm{g})} $
$ \mathrm{EAAI}=\sqrt[\mathrm{n}]{\frac{{\text{aa}}_{1}\times {\text{aa}}_{2}\times \cdots \times {\text{aa}}_{\mathrm{n}}}{{\text{AA}}_{1}\times {\text{AA}}_{2}\times \cdots \times {\text{AA}}_{\mathrm{n}}}} $
式中,aan为样品蛋白质中某必需氨基酸的质量分数(mg/g);AAn为鸡蛋蛋白质中相应必需氨基酸的质量分数(mg/g);n为参评必需氨基酸的种类数。
每个样品平行测定3次,检测结果表示为平均值±标准差(Mean±SD)。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计学分析。两组间的数据比较采用Student’s t检验。P<0.05时认为存在显著性差异。
如表1所示,细鳞圆鲹背侧肌肉和腹侧肌肉的水分、粗蛋白和灰分含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。细鳞圆鲹肌肉的水分含量为69%~71%,低于鲢鱼、草鱼等淡水鱼肉(77%~80%)[10−11],与蓝圆鲹、黄花鱼、金鲳鱼等海水鱼(64%~75%)相近[12−13]。粗蛋白含量(23%~25%)高于鲫鱼、草鱼、鳙鱼等淡水鱼(14%~19%)[14]以及小黄鱼、鳀鱼、大菱鲆、黄花鱼、金鲳鱼、蓝圆鲹等海水鱼(15%~23%)[12−13],与鲢鱼、青鱼、鳊鱼等淡水鱼(22%~27%)相近[14]。灰分含量(1.6%~1.8%)高于青鱼、草鱼、鳙鱼等淡水鱼(0.9%~1.2%)和金鲳鱼、石斑鱼等海水鱼(1.2%~1.3%)[15−16],与鲫鱼、鳊鱼、鲢鱼等淡水鱼(1.6%~1.7%)[14]以及蓝圆鲹、鲣鱼、三文鱼等海水鱼(1.4~1.7%)[12,17]相近。细鳞圆鲹腹侧肌肉脂肪含量显著高于背侧肌肉(P<0.05),其肌肉脂肪含量分布与高体鰤相似,而与三文鱼相反[17]。细鳞圆鲹肌肉的粗脂肪含量(0.7%~1.0%)低于青鱼、草鱼、鲢鱼、鳙鱼等淡水鱼(1.2%~3.6%)[14]以及蓝圆鲹、小带鱼、鲅鱼、黄花鱼等海水鱼(1.3%~16.8%)[12,18]。因此,细鳞圆鲹肌肉,尤其是背侧肌肉,具有“高蛋白、低脂肪”的营养特点,符合现代健康饮食需求。
本研究测定了细鳞圆鲹背侧肌肉和腹侧肌肉中4种常量元素(K、Na、Ca、Mg)和2种微量元素(Fe、Zn)含量(表2)。在常量元素中,K含量最高,其次为Na、Mg、Ca,此排序与高体鰤、三文鱼一致[17]。背侧肌肉Na、Ca含量显著低于腹侧肌肉(P<0.05),而K、Mg含量与腹侧肌肉无显著差异(P>0.05)。在微量元素中,背侧肌肉Zn含量显著高于腹侧肌肉(P<0.05),而Fe含量显著低于腹侧肌肉(P<0.05)。因此,细鳞圆鲹腹侧肌肉可能具有更高的矿物质营养价值。
如表2所示,细鳞圆鲹肌肉K含量(4599.9~4661.1 mg/kg)低于小黄鱼(9667.9 mg/kg)、大黄鱼(9848.0 mg/kg),高于蓝圆鲹(2163.3 mg/kg),与青鱼(3548.0 mg/kg)、草鱼(4026.0 mg/kg)相近;Na含量(905.2~996.9 mg/kg)高于青鱼(235.0 mg/kg)、草鱼(489.6 mg/kg)、蓝圆鲹(444.1 mg/kg),与小黄鱼(885.6 mg/kg)、大黄鱼(879.1 mg/kg)相近[19−21],这可能与细鳞圆鲹栖息海域的盐度有关。细鳞圆鲹肌肉的Mg含量(412.2~424.6 mg/kg)低于小黄鱼(911.2 mg/kg)、大黄鱼(884.9 mg/kg),与青鱼(373.6 mg/kg)、草鱼(336.6 mg/kg)、蓝圆鲹(329.6 mg/kg)相近[19−21]。同样地,Ca含量(271.6~360.5 mg/kg)低于小黄鱼(855.4 mg/kg)、大黄鱼(981.1 mg/kg)、蓝圆鲹(1222.1 mg/kg),与青鱼(520.3 mg/kg)、草鱼(355.0 mg/kg)相近[19−21]。细鳞圆鲹肌肉中K、Na、Mg、Ca含量丰富,是常量矿物质元素的良好来源。
微量元素在机体生长发育、疾病预防等方面发挥着关键作用[22]。如表2所示,细鳞圆鲹肌肉中Fe含量(11.1~13.1 mg/kg)低于蓝圆鲹(22.3 mg/kg)、小黄鱼(23.1 mg/kg)、大黄鱼(23.7 mg/kg),但高于青鱼(4.9 mg/kg)、草鱼(6.4 mg/kg)[19−21]。Zn含量(7.3~10.3 mg/kg)亦低于蓝圆鲹(12.7 mg/kg)、小黄鱼(19.0 mg/kg)、大黄鱼(19.4 mg/kg),但高于青鱼(4.7 mg/kg)、草鱼(7.4 mg/kg)[19−21]。细鳞圆鲹肌肉中Fe、Zn含量较为丰富,有助于补充膳食营养所需的Fe、Zn微量元素。
氨基酸组成与蛋白质营养价值密切相关。如表3所示,细鳞圆鲹背侧肌肉和腹侧肌肉在18种氨基酸含量、氨基酸总量(∑AA)、必需氨基酸总量(∑EAA)、非必需氨基酸总量(∑NEAA)、∑EAA/∑AA、∑EAA/∑NEAA、支链氨基酸总量/芳香族氨基酸总量(支/芳值)、呈味氨基酸总量(∑DAA)、∑DAA/∑AA等指标上均无显著差异(P>0.05),表明细鳞圆鲹背腹侧肌肉的氨基酸组成一致,这与三文鱼、金枪鱼相似[17]。细鳞圆鲹肌肉中含量最高的氨基酸为Glu(3.1~3.3 g/100 g),含量最低的氨基酸为Cys(0.2~0.3 g/100 g);必需氨基酸中Lys含量(2.1~2.2 g/100 g)最高,Trp含量(0.3~0.4 g/100 g)最低。Lys不仅能够弥补以谷物为主食人群Lys摄入的不足,还可以促进Ca的吸收[23]。根据FAO/WHO推荐的蛋白质营养评价标准,优质蛋白质的∑EAA/∑AA约为0.4,∑EAA/∑NEAA不低于0.6。本研究中细鳞圆鲹肌肉的∑EAA/∑AA为0.41,∑EAA/∑NEAA为0.69,表明细鳞圆鲹是优质蛋白质的良好来源[16]。支/芳值即支链氨基酸(Val、Ile和Leu)含量与芳香族氨基酸(Phe和Tyr)含量之比,在健康人群血清中为3.0~3.5,肝脏受损时降至1.0~1.5[24−25]。细鳞圆鲹肌肉的支/芳值为2.07~2.09,高于肝脏受损时的支/芳值,因而可能具有一定的护肝作用。细鳞圆鲹肌肉的∑DAA为7.87~7.99,高于鲤鱼、鲫鱼、草鱼等淡水鱼(6.63~6.99)以及蓝圆鲹、带鱼、黄花鱼等海水鱼(6.66~6.76)[18−19,21]。然而,细鳞圆鲹肌肉的∑DAA/∑AA为34.28%~34.36%,低于鲤鱼、鲫鱼、草鱼等淡水鱼(37.69%~38.47%)以及蓝圆鲹、带鱼、黄花鱼等海水鱼(35.94%~38.93%)[18−19,21],这是由于细鳞圆鲹肌肉中氨基酸含量较高。因此,细鳞圆鲹是一种营养美味的食物资源。
将蛋白质中必需氨基酸与FAO/WHO氨基酸标准模式、鸡蛋蛋白质模式进行比较是评价蛋白质营养价值的常用方法[26]。如表4所示,细鳞圆鲹背腹侧肌肉的必需氨基酸含量、总必需氨基酸含量(TEAA)无显著差异(P>0.05),且均高于FAO/WHO氨基酸标准模式。除Lys外,细鳞圆鲹背腹侧肌肉的必需氨基酸含量、TEAA均低于鸡蛋蛋白质模式。这些结果表明,细鳞圆鲹背侧肌肉和腹侧肌肉蛋白质的营养价值相同,低于鸡蛋蛋白质,但高于FAO/WHO标准。细鳞圆鲹肌肉中Lys含量分别是FAO/WHO氨基酸标准模式和鸡蛋蛋白质模式中Lys含量的1.6~1.7倍和1.3~1.4倍,进一步表明细鳞圆鲹是Lys的丰富来源。
图1A~图1B为基于FAO/WHO氨基酸标准模式、鸡蛋蛋白质模式计算的细鳞圆鲹背侧肌肉和腹侧肌肉必需氨基酸的AAS和CS,能够反映蛋白质的构成和利用率。细鳞圆鲹背侧肌肉和腹侧肌肉的AAS、CS均无显著差异(P>0.05)。Lys的AAS(1.60~1.64)和CS(1.38~1.41)均最高。第一限制性氨基酸为Val(AAS:1.04~1.06;CS:0.71~0.73),第二限制性氨基酸为Thr(AAS:1.08~1.10;CS:0.84~0.86)。EAAI是评价蛋白质营养价值的另一常用指标[28]。细鳞圆鲹背侧肌肉和腹侧肌肉的EAAI分别为0.8152±0.0228、0.8390±0.0196,无显著差异(P>0.05)。细鳞圆鲹肌肉的EAAI值在0.75~0.86之间,属于可用蛋白源,营养价值较好[29]。
脂肪酸组成直接影响着脂肪酸的营养价值[30]。如表5所示,本研究共检测了23种脂肪酸,在细鳞圆鲹背侧肌肉和腹侧肌肉中分别检测出11种、12种脂肪酸。背侧肌肉含有4种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、3种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和4种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA);腹侧肌肉含有5种SFA、3种MUFA和4种PUFA。除了C17:0仅在腹侧肌肉中检出外,背侧肌肉与腹侧肌肉的脂肪酸种类一致。在脂肪酸含量方面,背侧肌肉的C14:0、C15:0、C18:1 n-9显著高于腹侧肌肉(P<0.05),C24:1 n-9显著低于腹侧肌肉(P<0.05)。细鳞圆鲹肌肉脂肪酸中含量最高的SFA为C16:0(19.91%~20.19%),其次为C18:0(11.22%~11.37%);含量最高的MUFA为C18:1 n-9(5.25%~5.57%);含量最高的PUFA为DHA(41.04%~42.48%),其次为EPA(7.52%~7.55%)。背侧肌肉和腹侧肌肉脂肪酸中DHA+EPA含量、∑SFA、∑MUFA、∑PUFA、∑UFA、n-3系∑PUFA、n-6系∑PUFA、n-6系∑PUFA/n-3系∑PUFA均无显著差异(P>0.05),但腹侧肌肉脂肪酸中∑PUFA/∑SFA显著高于背侧肌肉(P<0.05)。
DHA、EPA具有促进大脑发育、维持心脏健康等生理功效[31−32]。细鳞圆鲹肌肉脂肪酸中DHA+EPA含量(48.59%~50.00%)远高于三文鱼(18.12%~26.21%)和金枪鱼(29.27%~29.45%)[17],具有较高的营养价值。由于PUFA具有降血脂、抗炎和预防动脉粥样硬化等作用,联合国健康部门推荐∑PUFA/∑SFA的最低安全限值为0.4[33]。此外,在摄入大量n-6系PUFA的同时摄入少量n-3系PUFA可能存在健康风险[34],因而我国推荐n-6系∑PUFA/n-3系∑PUFA的最大安全上限为4.0。细鳞圆鲹肌肉脂肪酸中∑PUFA/∑SFA为1.44~1.51,n-6系∑PUFA/n-3系∑PUFA为0.08,均在安全范围内。因此,细鳞圆鲹肌肉脂肪酸,尤其是腹侧肌肉脂肪酸,能够很好地满足营养与健康需求。
南海细鳞圆鲹背侧肌肉和腹侧肌肉均具有“高蛋白、低脂肪”的营养特性,且富含多种矿物质元素。背腹侧肌肉氨基酸组成一致,Lys含量高,符合优质蛋白质标准,属于可用蛋白源。背腹侧肌肉脂肪酸中DHA+EPA含量高,具有潜在的健康益处。背腹侧肌肉营养成分差异在于矿物质元素、粗脂肪和脂肪酸组成。腹侧肌肉的常量矿物质元素Na、Ca含量、微量元素Fe含量、粗脂肪含量以及∑PUFA/∑SFA更高,因而可能具有更高的营养价值。总体而言,细鳞圆鲹肌肉中矿物质元素丰富,蛋白质和脂肪酸的营养价值高,是南海中极具开发利用潜力的经济鱼类资源。本研究有助于准确评价细鳞圆鲹背腹侧肌肉的营养价值,能够为其日常膳食和高值化加工等提供理论依据。

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2026年第47卷第13期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070297
  • 接收时间:2025-07-25
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-07-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-25
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    1中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,国家水产品加工技术研发中心,农业农村部水产品加工重点实验室,广东广州 510300
    2三亚热带水产研究院,海南省深远海渔业资源高效利用与加工重点实验室,海南三亚 572018

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陈胜军(1973−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:水产品加工与质量安全控制,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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