Article(id=1320883758509707677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320881884691808691, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060189, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750176000000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852828862, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1782835200000, pubDateStr=2026-07-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852828862, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852828862, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852828862, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320881884691808691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='13', pageStart='1', pageEnd='522', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782835200000', pubDateStr='2026-07-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852382109, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852382109, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=103, endPage=115, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320883758757171614, articleId=1320883758509707677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Influence and Kinetic Study of Mango Peel Pectin with Different Esterification Degrees on the Stability of Mango Juice, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Pectin was extracted from the peels of Tainong No.1 mango via ultrasound-assisted acid hydrolysis, and four types of pectins with different degrees of esterification (DE) were prepared by alkaline deesterification, namely DEMP1, DEMP2, DEMP3, and DEMP4, with DE values of 66.26%, 55.32%, 47.19%, and 33.67%, respectively. These pectins were added to mango cloudy juice to evaluate their effects on the stability of the juice. Based on Stokes' theory, the gravitational sedimentation time was predicted, and the shelf life of mango cloudy juice was estimated through accelerated storage experiments conducted at 25~45 ℃. The results showed that the addition of low-ester mango peel pectins (DEMP3/DEMP4) effectively improved the stability of mango cloudy juice. Specifically, the juice added with DEMP4 exhibited a centrifugal precipitation rate of 44.46%, with the suspension stability increased by 26.76% and the instability index reduced by 25.47%. Moreover, the gravitational sedimentation time was extended from 0.79 months (control group) to 6.30 months. The sedimentation kinetics were fitted using the Boltzmann and Logistic models, and it was found that DEMP4 significantly prolonged the time of the sedimentation inflection point. The Zeta potential and water-holding capacity of DEMP4 reached −36.09 mV and 14.72 g/g, respectively, and the particle size increase was the lowest during accelerated storage. These physicochemical properties were significantly positively correlated with the improved stability of the cloudy juice. Regression equations were established between the Gibbs free energy of centrifugal precipitation rate and temperature, as well as between sensory scores and centrifugal precipitation rate, yielding kinetic and thermodynamic models for juice stability. Based on the models, the stability time of the mango cloudy juice at different temperatures was predicted. At 25 ℃, compared with the control group (without pectin addition) which had a stability duration of 21 days, the stability durations of the juices added with DEMP1, DEMP2, DEMP3, and DEMP4 were extended to 30, 60, 185 and 195 days, respectively. Except for mango juice, the residual coefficients of variation for the prediction models were all below 15%, confirming their high predictive accuracy.

, authors=Ya LI1, 2, Xixiang SHUAI1, 2, *, Ming ZHANG1, 2, Liqing DU1, 2, *, Lingdong LI1, 2, Yuhan ZHANG1, 2, Xinchuan ZHONG1, 3, Xinrui PAN1, 3, authorsList=Ya LI, Xixiang SHUAI, Ming ZHANG, Liqing DU, Lingdong LI, Yuhan ZHANG, Xinchuan ZHONG, Xinrui PAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xixiang SHUAI, Liqing DU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320883760237760939, articleId=1320883758509707677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=不同酯化度的芒果皮果胶对芒果浊汁稳定性的影响及动力学研究, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

以台农1号芒果为原料,通过超声辅助酸解法提取芒果皮果胶,经碱法脱酯制备得到四种酯化度的果胶(DEMP1~DEMP4,酯化度分别为66.26%、55.32%、47.19%、33.67%)。将果胶添加到芒果浊汁中,评价果胶对浊汁稳定性的影响,并根据Stokes理论预测重力沉降时间,通过25~45 ℃加速贮藏实验预测芒果浊汁的货架期。结果表明,添加低酯芒果皮果胶(DEMP3/DEMP4)能有效地提高芒果浊汁的稳定性。其中添加DEMP4的芒果浊汁离心沉淀率达44.46%,悬浮稳定性提升26.76%,不稳定性指数降低25.47%,重力沉降时间从对照组的0.79个月延长至6.30个月;采用Boltzmann与Logistic模型拟合沉降动力学,发现DEMP4能够显著延长沉降反弯点时间;DEMP4的Zeta电位达−36.09 mV,持水性达14.72 g/g,在加速贮藏中粒径增幅最低,这些理化特性与浊汁稳定性提升呈显著正相关。建立了离心沉淀率的吉布斯自由能与温度之间、感官值与离心沉淀率之间的回归方程,获得了浊汁稳定动力学及热力学模型,根据模型推测了芒果浊汁在不同温度下的稳定性时间。25 ℃下,与未添加果胶的芒果浊汁相比,添加了DEMP1、DEMP2、DEMP3、DEMP4的芒果浊汁的稳定时间从21 d分别延长至30、60、185、195 d。除芒果汁外,预测模型残差变异系数均小于15%,表明该模型具有高预测精度。

, authors=李娅1, 2, 帅希祥1, 2, *, 张明1, 2, 杜丽清1, 2, *, 李铃东1, 2, 张宇晗1, 2, 钟新传1, 3, 潘欣瑞1, 3, authorsList=李娅, 帅希祥, 张明, 杜丽清, 李铃东, 张宇晗, 钟新传, 潘欣瑞, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=帅希祥, 杜丽清, authorNote=

李娅(1995−),女,硕士,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
帅希祥(1989−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:。
杜丽清(1975−),男,硕士,研究员,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=li+WIiWjvNeNcCeBnJdBKg==, magXml=yE1EEW9B1cMqZVlT4NThxQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ISwIAlvB87D8cbPzhU0r6A==, pdfFileSize=7925692, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=YtU5QzSyFG+loOInh7JM5Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ZtTfRSndOx2gGFh6HVJ9bQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320883760753660342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=895130350@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320883760850129337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, authorId=1320883760753660342, language=EN, stringName=Ya LI, firstName=Ya, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products of Hainan Province, Zhanjiang 524091, China
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transmittance of mango turbid juice incorporated with pectins of different degrees of esterification, figureFileSmall=WktiudLeCxuaRDHhxGi5FQ==, figureFileBig=YtU5QzSyFG+loOInh7JM5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883763538678256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=CN, label=图1, caption=添加不同酯化度果胶的芒果浊汁透光特性的变化, figureFileSmall=WktiudLeCxuaRDHhxGi5FQ==, figureFileBig=YtU5QzSyFG+loOInh7JM5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883763748393457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Sedimentation kinetic modeling of mango turbid juice incorporated with pectins of different degrees of esterification, figureFileSmall=UMpUz1shvBJp1WygZsh7gQ==, figureFileBig=C7YegT/edqGRbU2rR0WVuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883763828085234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=CN, label=图2, caption=添加不同酯化度果胶的芒果浊汁沉降动力学拟合, figureFileSmall=UMpUz1shvBJp1WygZsh7gQ==, figureFileBig=C7YegT/edqGRbU2rR0WVuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883763903582707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Centrifugal precipitation rate of mango turbid juice during storage, figureFileSmall=kWKQn4bnr1gLEp6qD1u7LQ==, figureFileBig=Tlg0+W/vRlWvVyE9WEclwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883763974885876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=CN, label=图3, caption=芒果浊汁在储存期间产品离心沉淀率, figureFileSmall=kWKQn4bnr1gLEp6qD1u7LQ==, figureFileBig=Tlg0+W/vRlWvVyE9WEclwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883764071354869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Particle size of mango turbid juice during storage, figureFileSmall=+pVhX5+kBuyc83vxqE1BdA==, figureFileBig=ZfJZ6FZieHwdXGlOYKuaew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883764159435254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=CN, label=图4, caption=芒果浊汁在储存期间产品粒径, figureFileSmall=+pVhX5+kBuyc83vxqE1BdA==, figureFileBig=ZfJZ6FZieHwdXGlOYKuaew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883764264292855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Sensory evaluation of mango turbid juice during storage, figureFileSmall=qxV81aOBoc9n1gfE3vAdhA==, figureFileBig=OfJkpeLJJVua2FmCM8pOzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883764339790328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=CN, label=图5, caption=芒果浊汁在储存期间的感官评价结果, figureFileSmall=qxV81aOBoc9n1gfE3vAdhA==, figureFileBig=OfJkpeLJJVua2FmCM8pOzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883764419482105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Heat map of the correlation analysis between pectin properties and stabilization time, figureFileSmall=DsmzLu0TiS4aUMJYhu+rzw==, figureFileBig=Gcr5jev9Sk8+hptj47OAFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883764499173882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=CN, label=图6, caption=果胶性质与稳定时间之间的相关性分析热图, figureFileSmall=DsmzLu0TiS4aUMJYhu+rzw==, figureFileBig=Gcr5jev9Sk8+hptj47OAFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883764570477051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sensory evaluation criteria of mango turbid juice during storage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价标准现象说明分值(分)
没有差别,无可见变化无沉淀,均匀无分层0
非常细微的差别,极轻微沉淀(≤1 mm层厚)倾倒后杯底可见轻微颗粒1
细微的差别,轻微沉淀(1~3 mm层厚)倾倒后颗粒分散,无结块2
中等的差别,明显沉淀(3~5 mm层厚)轻微结块,摇动后部分分散3
中等偏大的差别,严重沉淀(>5 mm层厚)结块紧实,摇动不分散4
很大的差别,分层(沉淀+清液层)清液层高度≥1 cm5
非常大的差别,完全分层(沉淀硬化+清液层)清液层高度≥2 cm6
), ArticleFig(id=1320883764654363132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

芒果浊汁储存期间感官值评价标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价标准现象说明分值(分)
没有差别,无可见变化无沉淀,均匀无分层0
非常细微的差别,极轻微沉淀(≤1 mm层厚)倾倒后杯底可见轻微颗粒1
细微的差别,轻微沉淀(1~3 mm层厚)倾倒后颗粒分散,无结块2
中等的差别,明显沉淀(3~5 mm层厚)轻微结块,摇动后部分分散3
中等偏大的差别,严重沉淀(>5 mm层厚)结块紧实,摇动不分散4
很大的差别,分层(沉淀+清液层)清液层高度≥1 cm5
非常大的差别,完全分层(沉淀硬化+清液层)清液层高度≥2 cm6
), ArticleFig(id=1320883764742443517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Physicochemical properties of mango peel pectin with different degrees of esterification

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品半乳糖醛酸(GalA)含量(%)酯化度DE(%)溶解性S(%)持水性WHC(g/g)分子量Mw(kDa)粒径(μm)电位(mV)黏度(mPa·s)
DEMP169.22±0.12d66.26±1.42a95.76±0.08b12.77±0.45c616.311602±63.10a−25.83±1.30a134.35±1.77a
DEMP285.05±0.81a55.32±1.37b96.98±0.15a13.78±0.36b535.841593.67±38.48a−29.56±0.55b128.15±2.76b
DEMP376.28±0.05c47.19±2.01c96.21±0.08ab13.91±0.16b393.791598±57.19a−30.72±0.37c125.45±1.91b
DEMP481.81±0.75b33.67±1.16d96.59±0.08a14.72±0.31a342.371278.67±27.65b−36.09±1.52d109.35±1.63c
), ArticleFig(id=1320883764826329598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同酯化度芒果皮果胶的理化性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品半乳糖醛酸(GalA)含量(%)酯化度DE(%)溶解性S(%)持水性WHC(g/g)分子量Mw(kDa)粒径(μm)电位(mV)黏度(mPa·s)
DEMP169.22±0.12d66.26±1.42a95.76±0.08b12.77±0.45c616.311602±63.10a−25.83±1.30a134.35±1.77a
DEMP285.05±0.81a55.32±1.37b96.98±0.15a13.78±0.36b535.841593.67±38.48a−29.56±0.55b128.15±2.76b
DEMP376.28±0.05c47.19±2.01c96.21±0.08ab13.91±0.16b393.791598±57.19a−30.72±0.37c125.45±1.91b
DEMP481.81±0.75b33.67±1.16d96.59±0.08a14.72±0.31a342.371278.67±27.65b−36.09±1.52d109.35±1.63c
), ArticleFig(id=1320883764914409983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Centrifugal sedimentation rate, suspension stability and shelf life prediction of mango turbid juice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品离心沉淀率SR(%)悬浮稳定性R(%)不稳定性指数离心机实测t(min)据t预测的θ(月)货架期观察现象
芒果汁30.67±0.23e41.81±0.50e0.860±0.020a50.79三周后颗粒上浮和下沉
芒果汁+DEMP134.32±0.11d44.10±0.39d0.821±0.004b60.95一个月后果肉大量下沉
芒果汁+DEMP237.22±0.18c48.54±0.21c0.792±0.004c132.05两个月后果肉大量上浮和下沉
芒果汁+DEMP340.71±0.03b51.06±0.74b0.704±0.007d385.99半年内无颗粒上浮和下沉
芒果汁+DEMP444.46±0.31a53.00±0.32a0.641±0.021e406.30半年内无颗粒上浮和下沉
), ArticleFig(id=1320883764994101760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

芒果浊汁离心沉淀率、悬浮稳定性及货架期预测

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品离心沉淀率SR(%)悬浮稳定性R(%)不稳定性指数离心机实测t(min)据t预测的θ(月)货架期观察现象
芒果汁30.67±0.23e41.81±0.50e0.860±0.020a50.79三周后颗粒上浮和下沉
芒果汁+DEMP134.32±0.11d44.10±0.39d0.821±0.004b60.95一个月后果肉大量下沉
芒果汁+DEMP237.22±0.18c48.54±0.21c0.792±0.004c132.05两个月后果肉大量上浮和下沉
芒果汁+DEMP340.71±0.03b51.06±0.74b0.704±0.007d385.99半年内无颗粒上浮和下沉
芒果汁+DEMP444.46±0.31a53.00±0.32a0.641±0.021e406.30半年内无颗粒上浮和下沉
), ArticleFig(id=1320883765065404929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Fitting parameters of the Boltzmann model for mango turbid juice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品A1A2t0dtR2拟合方程
芒果汁1288.916636.4900.7679.1260.987 $ \text{V}=\dfrac{652.426}{1+{\text{e}}^{\text{(t}-0.767)/9.126}}+636.490 $
芒果汁+DEMP11275.823652.8271.0429.9330.984 $ \text{V}=\dfrac{622.996}{1+{\text{e}}^{\text{(t}-1.042)/9.933}}+652.827 $
芒果汁+DEMP21121.594766.51010.12114.0340.998 $ \text{V}=\dfrac{355.084}{1+{\text{e}}^{\text{(t}-10.121)/14.034}}+766.510 $
芒果汁+DEMP31000.0001000.00020.0003.000−−
芒果汁+DEMP41000.0001000.00020.0003.000−−
), ArticleFig(id=1320883765132513794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

芒果浊汁的Boltzmann模型拟合参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品A1A2t0dtR2拟合方程
芒果汁1288.916636.4900.7679.1260.987 $ \text{V}=\dfrac{652.426}{1+{\text{e}}^{\text{(t}-0.767)/9.126}}+636.490 $
芒果汁+DEMP11275.823652.8271.0429.9330.984 $ \text{V}=\dfrac{622.996}{1+{\text{e}}^{\text{(t}-1.042)/9.933}}+652.827 $
芒果汁+DEMP21121.594766.51010.12114.0340.998 $ \text{V}=\dfrac{355.084}{1+{\text{e}}^{\text{(t}-10.121)/14.034}}+766.510 $
芒果汁+DEMP31000.0001000.00020.0003.000−−
芒果汁+DEMP41000.0001000.00020.0003.000−−
), ArticleFig(id=1320883765203816963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Fitting parameters of the Logistic model for mango turbid juice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品A1A2t0pR2拟合方程
芒果汁1003.047581.7669.2881.1030.999 $ \text{V}=\dfrac{421.281}{1+{\Bigg(\dfrac{\text{t}}{9.288}\Bigg)}^{1.103}}+581.766 $
芒果汁+DEMP11004.990616.9679.2451.2080.999 $ \text{V}=\dfrac{388.022}{1+{\Bigg(\dfrac{\text{t}}{9.245}\Bigg)}^{1.208}}+616.967 $
芒果汁+DEMP21001.878717.32524.2951.5660.998 $ \text{V}=\dfrac{284.552}{1+{\Bigg(\dfrac{\text{t}}{24.295}\Bigg)}^{1.566}}+717.325 $
芒果汁+DEMP31000.0001000.00020.0003.000−−
芒果汁+DEMP41000.0001000.00020.0003.000−−
), ArticleFig(id=1320883765283508740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

芒果浊汁的Logistic模型拟合参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品A1A2t0pR2拟合方程
芒果汁1003.047581.7669.2881.1030.999 $ \text{V}=\dfrac{421.281}{1+{\Bigg(\dfrac{\text{t}}{9.288}\Bigg)}^{1.103}}+581.766 $
芒果汁+DEMP11004.990616.9679.2451.2080.999 $ \text{V}=\dfrac{388.022}{1+{\Bigg(\dfrac{\text{t}}{9.245}\Bigg)}^{1.208}}+616.967 $
芒果汁+DEMP21001.878717.32524.2951.5660.998 $ \text{V}=\dfrac{284.552}{1+{\Bigg(\dfrac{\text{t}}{24.295}\Bigg)}^{1.566}}+717.325 $
芒果汁+DEMP31000.0001000.00020.0003.000−−
芒果汁+DEMP41000.0001000.00020.0003.000−−
), ArticleFig(id=1320883765371589125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of mango turbid juice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
理化参数样品温度(K)K(d−1)Ea(kJ/mol)∆H*(kJ/mol)∆S*(J/mol·K)∆G*(kJ/mol)
离心沉淀率SR芒果汁298.150.0019710.748.26−269.0188.46
308.150.0021310.748.17−269.8091.31
318.150.0025910.748.09−269.5393.84
芒果汁+DEMP1298.150.001679.406.93−274.8588.87
308.150.001889.406.84−275.1691.63
318.150.002129.406.76−275.3994.37
芒果汁+DEMP2298.150.001727.474.99−281.0888.80
308.150.001857.474.91−281.5691.67
318.150.002087.474.83−281.6294.42
芒果汁+DEMP3298.150.0014110.488.00−272.6689.29
308.150.0015810.487.91−273.1392.08
318.150.0018410.487.83−273.2094.75
芒果汁+DEMP4298.150.001269.396.91−277.2389.57
308.150.001389.396.83−277.7792.42
318.150.001609.396.75−277.7695.12
粒径芒果汁298.150.005604.001.52−282.9185.87
308.150.005824.001.44−283.3088.74
318.150.006204.001.36−283.4491.53
芒果汁+DEMP1298.150.004554.912.43−281.6086.39
308.150.004974.912.34−281.6889.14
318.150.005154.912.26−282.1592.03
芒果汁+DEMP2298.150.002269.987.50−270.4088.12
308.150.002619.987.42−270.5790.79
318.150.002919.987.33−270.9493.54
芒果汁+DEMP3298.150.002559.346.86−271.5687.82
308.150.002939.346.77−271.6990.50
318.150.003239.346.69−272.1093.26
芒果汁+DEMP4298.150.002127.895.41−277.9388.28
308.150.002347.895.33−278.2591.07
318.150.002597.895.25−278.4793.84
), ArticleFig(id=1320883765447086598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

芒果浊汁动力学与热力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
理化参数样品温度(K)K(d−1)Ea(kJ/mol)∆H*(kJ/mol)∆S*(J/mol·K)∆G*(kJ/mol)
离心沉淀率SR芒果汁298.150.0019710.748.26−269.0188.46
308.150.0021310.748.17−269.8091.31
318.150.0025910.748.09−269.5393.84
芒果汁+DEMP1298.150.001679.406.93−274.8588.87
308.150.001889.406.84−275.1691.63
318.150.002129.406.76−275.3994.37
芒果汁+DEMP2298.150.001727.474.99−281.0888.80
308.150.001857.474.91−281.5691.67
318.150.002087.474.83−281.6294.42
芒果汁+DEMP3298.150.0014110.488.00−272.6689.29
308.150.0015810.487.91−273.1392.08
318.150.0018410.487.83−273.2094.75
芒果汁+DEMP4298.150.001269.396.91−277.2389.57
308.150.001389.396.83−277.7792.42
318.150.001609.396.75−277.7695.12
粒径芒果汁298.150.005604.001.52−282.9185.87
308.150.005824.001.44−283.3088.74
318.150.006204.001.36−283.4491.53
芒果汁+DEMP1298.150.004554.912.43−281.6086.39
308.150.004974.912.34−281.6889.14
318.150.005154.912.26−282.1592.03
芒果汁+DEMP2298.150.002269.987.50−270.4088.12
308.150.002619.987.42−270.5790.79
318.150.002919.987.33−270.9493.54
芒果汁+DEMP3298.150.002559.346.86−271.5687.82
308.150.002939.346.77−271.6990.50
318.150.003239.346.69−272.1093.26
芒果汁+DEMP4298.150.002127.895.41−277.9388.28
308.150.002347.895.33−278.2591.07
318.150.002597.895.25−278.4793.84
), ArticleFig(id=1320883765526778375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Regression equation of Gibbs free energy versus temperature for physicochemical parameters of mango turbid juice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
理化参数样品回归方程∆G*(kJ/mol)=f(T)R2
离心沉淀率SR芒果汁y=0.2691x+8.28280.9988
芒果汁+DEMP1y=0.2751x+6.85161.0000
芒果汁+DEMP2y=0.2813x+4.95470.9998
芒果汁+DEMP3y=0.2729x+7.95530.9998
芒果汁+DEMP4y=0.2774x+6.88700.9997
粒径芒果汁y=0.2831x+1.46481.0000
芒果汁+DEMP1y=0.2819x+2.30300.9998
芒果汁+DEMP2y=0.2707x+7.39580.9999
芒果汁+DEMP3y=0.2719x+6.74620.9999
芒果汁+DEMP4y=0.2782x+5.33921.0000
), ArticleFig(id=1320883765589692936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

芒果浊汁理化参数吉布斯自由能与温度的回归方程

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
理化参数样品回归方程∆G*(kJ/mol)=f(T)R2
离心沉淀率SR芒果汁y=0.2691x+8.28280.9988
芒果汁+DEMP1y=0.2751x+6.85161.0000
芒果汁+DEMP2y=0.2813x+4.95470.9998
芒果汁+DEMP3y=0.2729x+7.95530.9998
芒果汁+DEMP4y=0.2774x+6.88700.9997
粒径芒果汁y=0.2831x+1.46481.0000
芒果汁+DEMP1y=0.2819x+2.30300.9998
芒果汁+DEMP2y=0.2707x+7.39580.9999
芒果汁+DEMP3y=0.2719x+6.74620.9999
芒果汁+DEMP4y=0.2782x+5.33921.0000
), ArticleFig(id=1320883765648413193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Correlation and regression equation between centrifugal sedimentation rate and sensory evaluation value of mango turbid juice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
理化参数样品回归方程R2
离心沉淀率SR芒果汁ss=1.3847SR−42.0590.9834
芒果汁+DEMP1ss=1.3505SR−46.1610.9906
芒果汁+DEMP2ss=0.6178SR−22.9600.9959
芒果汁+DEMP3ss=0.2163SR−8.81550.9974
芒果汁+DEMP4ss=0.2092SR−9.30030.9931
), ArticleFig(id=1320883765723910666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

芒果浊汁离心沉淀率和感官评价值的相关性与回归方程

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
理化参数样品回归方程R2
离心沉淀率SR芒果汁ss=1.3847SR−42.0590.9834
芒果汁+DEMP1ss=1.3505SR−46.1610.9906
芒果汁+DEMP2ss=0.6178SR−22.9600.9959
芒果汁+DEMP3ss=0.2163SR−8.81550.9974
芒果汁+DEMP4ss=0.2092SR−9.30030.9931
), ArticleFig(id=1320883765791019531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Stability models of kinetics and thermodynamics of mango turbid juice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
理化参数样品动力学和热力学的稳定性模型
离心沉淀率SR芒果汁 $ \text{ss = 1.3847}\left\{{\text{SR}}_{0}\text{exp}\left[\text{t}\dfrac{{\text{k}}_{\text{b}}\text{T}}{\text{h}}\text{exp}\dfrac{-(269.1\times \text{T}+8282.8)}{\text{RT}}\right]\right\}- 42.059 $
芒果汁+DEMP1 $ \text{ss = 1.3505}\left\{{\text{SR}}_{0}\text{exp}\left[\text{t}\dfrac{{\text{k}}_{\text{b}}\text{T}}{\text{h}}\text{exp}\dfrac{-(275.1\times \text{T}+6851.6)}{\text{RT}}\right]\right\}- 46.161 $
芒果汁+DEMP2 $ \text{ss = 0.6178}\left\{{\text{SR}}_{0}\text{exp}\left[\text{t}\dfrac{{\text{k}}_{\text{b}}\text{T}}{\text{h}}\text{exp}\dfrac{-(281.3\times \text{T}+4954.7)}{\text{RT}}\right]\right\}- 22.960 $
芒果汁+DEMP3 $ \text{ss = 0.2163}\left\{{\text{SR}}_{0}\text{exp}\left[\text{t}\dfrac{{\text{k}}_{\text{b}}\text{T}}{\text{h}}\text{exp}\dfrac{-(272.9\times \text{T}+7955.3)}{\text{RT}}\right]\right\}- 8.8155 $
芒果汁+DEMP4 $ \text{ss = 0.2092}\left\{{\text{SR}}_{0}\text{exp}\left[\text{t}\dfrac{{\text{k}}_{\text{b}}\text{T}}{\text{h}}\text{exp}\dfrac{-(277.4\times \text{T}+6887)}{\text{RT}}\right]\right\}- 9.3003 $
), ArticleFig(id=1320883765862322700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

芒果浊汁的动力学和热力学的稳定性模型

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
理化参数样品动力学和热力学的稳定性模型
离心沉淀率SR芒果汁 $ \text{ss = 1.3847}\left\{{\text{SR}}_{0}\text{exp}\left[\text{t}\dfrac{{\text{k}}_{\text{b}}\text{T}}{\text{h}}\text{exp}\dfrac{-(269.1\times \text{T}+8282.8)}{\text{RT}}\right]\right\}- 42.059 $
芒果汁+DEMP1 $ \text{ss = 1.3505}\left\{{\text{SR}}_{0}\text{exp}\left[\text{t}\dfrac{{\text{k}}_{\text{b}}\text{T}}{\text{h}}\text{exp}\dfrac{-(275.1\times \text{T}+6851.6)}{\text{RT}}\right]\right\}- 46.161 $
芒果汁+DEMP2 $ \text{ss = 0.6178}\left\{{\text{SR}}_{0}\text{exp}\left[\text{t}\dfrac{{\text{k}}_{\text{b}}\text{T}}{\text{h}}\text{exp}\dfrac{-(281.3\times \text{T}+4954.7)}{\text{RT}}\right]\right\}- 22.960 $
芒果汁+DEMP3 $ \text{ss = 0.2163}\left\{{\text{SR}}_{0}\text{exp}\left[\text{t}\dfrac{{\text{k}}_{\text{b}}\text{T}}{\text{h}}\text{exp}\dfrac{-(272.9\times \text{T}+7955.3)}{\text{RT}}\right]\right\}- 8.8155 $
芒果汁+DEMP4 $ \text{ss = 0.2092}\left\{{\text{SR}}_{0}\text{exp}\left[\text{t}\dfrac{{\text{k}}_{\text{b}}\text{T}}{\text{h}}\text{exp}\dfrac{-(277.4\times \text{T}+6887)}{\text{RT}}\right]\right\}- 9.3003 $
), ArticleFig(id=1320883765929431565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Residual coefficient of variation of the stability prediction model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品温度(K)稳定时间观察值(d)稳定时间预测值(d)预测标准误差ε模型的残差变异系数(%)
芒果汁298.152124.983.1415.94
308.152021.69
318.151818.98
芒果汁+DEMP1298.153029.181.636.42
308.152525.81
318.152122.99
芒果汁+DEMP2298.156059.780.711.30
308.155554.21
318.155049.41
芒果汁+DEMP3298.15185180.054.592.87
308.15160156.98
318.15135137.91
芒果汁+DEMP4298.15195190.864.572.64
308.15170168.74
318.15155150.20
), ArticleFig(id=1320883766013317646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

稳定性预测模型的残差变异系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品温度(K)稳定时间观察值(d)稳定时间预测值(d)预测标准误差ε模型的残差变异系数(%)
芒果汁298.152124.983.1415.94
308.152021.69
318.151818.98
芒果汁+DEMP1298.153029.181.636.42
308.152525.81
318.152122.99
芒果汁+DEMP2298.156059.780.711.30
308.155554.21
318.155049.41
芒果汁+DEMP3298.15185180.054.592.87
308.15160156.98
318.15135137.91
芒果汁+DEMP4298.15195190.864.572.64
308.15170168.74
318.15155150.20
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不同酯化度的芒果皮果胶对芒果浊汁稳定性的影响及动力学研究
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李娅 1, 2 , 帅希祥 1, 2, * , 张明 1, 2 , 杜丽清 1, 2, * , 李铃东 1, 2 , 张宇晗 1, 2 , 钟新传 1, 3 , 潘欣瑞 1, 3
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(13): 103-115
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (13) : 103 -115
不同酯化度的芒果皮果胶对芒果浊汁稳定性的影响及动力学研究
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2Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang 524091, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320883760913043898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883758509707677, authorId=1320883760753660342, language=CN, stringName=李娅, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所,海南省热带园艺产品采后生理与保鲜重点实验室,广东湛江 524091
2农业农村部热带果树生物学重点实验室,广东湛江 524091, bio={"content":"

李娅(1995−),女,硕士,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:

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李娅(1995−),女,硕士,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:

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李娅1, 2 , 帅希祥1, 2, * , 张明1, 2, 杜丽清1, 2, * , 李铃东1, 2, 张宇晗1, 2, 钟新传1, 3, 潘欣瑞1, 3
作者信息
  • 1中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所,海南省热带园艺产品采后生理与保鲜重点实验室,广东湛江 524091
  • 2农业农村部热带果树生物学重点实验室,广东湛江 524091
  • 3云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南昆明 650500
通讯作者:
帅希祥(1989−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:。
杜丽清(1975−),男,硕士,研究员,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:。
作者简介:

李娅(1995−),女,硕士,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:

Influence and Kinetic Study of Mango Peel Pectin with Different Esterification Degrees on the Stability of Mango Juice
Ya LI1, 2 , Xixiang SHUAI1, 2, * , Ming ZHANG1, 2, Liqing DU1, 2, * , Lingdong LI1, 2, Yuhan ZHANG1, 2, Xinchuan ZHONG1, 3, Xinrui PAN1, 3
Affiliations
  • 1South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products of Hainan Province, Zhanjiang 524091, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang 524091, China
  • 3College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, China
出版时间: 2026-07-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060189
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以台农1号芒果为原料,通过超声辅助酸解法提取芒果皮果胶,经碱法脱酯制备得到四种酯化度的果胶(DEMP1~DEMP4,酯化度分别为66.26%、55.32%、47.19%、33.67%)。将果胶添加到芒果浊汁中,评价果胶对浊汁稳定性的影响,并根据Stokes理论预测重力沉降时间,通过25~45 ℃加速贮藏实验预测芒果浊汁的货架期。结果表明,添加低酯芒果皮果胶(DEMP3/DEMP4)能有效地提高芒果浊汁的稳定性。其中添加DEMP4的芒果浊汁离心沉淀率达44.46%,悬浮稳定性提升26.76%,不稳定性指数降低25.47%,重力沉降时间从对照组的0.79个月延长至6.30个月;采用Boltzmann与Logistic模型拟合沉降动力学,发现DEMP4能够显著延长沉降反弯点时间;DEMP4的Zeta电位达−36.09 mV,持水性达14.72 g/g,在加速贮藏中粒径增幅最低,这些理化特性与浊汁稳定性提升呈显著正相关。建立了离心沉淀率的吉布斯自由能与温度之间、感官值与离心沉淀率之间的回归方程,获得了浊汁稳定动力学及热力学模型,根据模型推测了芒果浊汁在不同温度下的稳定性时间。25 ℃下,与未添加果胶的芒果浊汁相比,添加了DEMP1、DEMP2、DEMP3、DEMP4的芒果浊汁的稳定时间从21 d分别延长至30、60、185、195 d。除芒果汁外,预测模型残差变异系数均小于15%,表明该模型具有高预测精度。

芒果皮果胶  /  酯化度  /  芒果浊汁  /  稳定性  /  动力学

Pectin was extracted from the peels of Tainong No.1 mango via ultrasound-assisted acid hydrolysis, and four types of pectins with different degrees of esterification (DE) were prepared by alkaline deesterification, namely DEMP1, DEMP2, DEMP3, and DEMP4, with DE values of 66.26%, 55.32%, 47.19%, and 33.67%, respectively. These pectins were added to mango cloudy juice to evaluate their effects on the stability of the juice. Based on Stokes' theory, the gravitational sedimentation time was predicted, and the shelf life of mango cloudy juice was estimated through accelerated storage experiments conducted at 25~45 ℃. The results showed that the addition of low-ester mango peel pectins (DEMP3/DEMP4) effectively improved the stability of mango cloudy juice. Specifically, the juice added with DEMP4 exhibited a centrifugal precipitation rate of 44.46%, with the suspension stability increased by 26.76% and the instability index reduced by 25.47%. Moreover, the gravitational sedimentation time was extended from 0.79 months (control group) to 6.30 months. The sedimentation kinetics were fitted using the Boltzmann and Logistic models, and it was found that DEMP4 significantly prolonged the time of the sedimentation inflection point. The Zeta potential and water-holding capacity of DEMP4 reached −36.09 mV and 14.72 g/g, respectively, and the particle size increase was the lowest during accelerated storage. These physicochemical properties were significantly positively correlated with the improved stability of the cloudy juice. Regression equations were established between the Gibbs free energy of centrifugal precipitation rate and temperature, as well as between sensory scores and centrifugal precipitation rate, yielding kinetic and thermodynamic models for juice stability. Based on the models, the stability time of the mango cloudy juice at different temperatures was predicted. At 25 ℃, compared with the control group (without pectin addition) which had a stability duration of 21 days, the stability durations of the juices added with DEMP1, DEMP2, DEMP3, and DEMP4 were extended to 30, 60, 185 and 195 days, respectively. Except for mango juice, the residual coefficients of variation for the prediction models were all below 15%, confirming their high predictive accuracy.

mango peel pectin  /  degree of esterification  /  mango cloudy juice  /  stability  /  kinetics
李娅, 帅希祥, 张明, 杜丽清, 李铃东, 张宇晗, 钟新传, 潘欣瑞. 不同酯化度的芒果皮果胶对芒果浊汁稳定性的影响及动力学研究. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (13) : 103 -115 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060189
Ya LI, Xixiang SHUAI, Ming ZHANG, Liqing DU, Lingdong LI, Yuhan ZHANG, Xinchuan ZHONG, Xinrui PAN. Influence and Kinetic Study of Mango Peel Pectin with Different Esterification Degrees on the Stability of Mango Juice[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (13) : 103 -115 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060189
芒果采收期短、储运困难、采后损耗大,因此除供鲜食外,还被加工成各种产品。芒果果汁饮料是目前国内外最大的芒果加工类产品之一[1−2]。由于芒果的肉质和营养特性,适宜加工成浑浊型中高浓度芒果浊汁饮料。但芒果浊汁因颗粒易沉降、粒径增长快等问题严重影响了饮料的外观、口感和组织状态,缩短了饮料的货架期[3]。解决浊汁稳定性问题的核心策略是添加稳定剂。尽管传统稳定剂(如羧甲基纤维素钠、黄原胶等)被广泛应用,但它们往往存在成本较高或可能带来不良口感等缺陷。因此,开发高效、安全、天然且来源可持续的新型稳定剂具有重要的产业需求。
果胶作为一种由D-半乳糖醛酸和中性糖组成的天然酸性杂多糖,因其优异的增稠性、凝胶性和安全性,被公认为一种理想的食品稳定剂[4−6]。值得注意的是,芒果加工过程中产生大量果皮(约占果实重量的15%~25%),这些果皮富含果胶资源,但目前常被作为废弃物处理,造成环境污染和资源浪费[7−8]。从芒果皮中提取果胶用于稳定芒果汁,具有显著的“变废为宝”和“同源匹配”双重优势。来源于芒果本身的果胶,其分子结构(如中性糖侧链组成)可能更契合芒果汁体系中的颗粒成分[3],理论上能提供更好的稳定性和更天然的风味兼容性,满足消费者对“清洁标签”和纯天然健康食品的需求。大量研究表明果胶在维持果汁浊度稳定性方面效果显著。例如,黄珣洋[9]发现不同来源的果胶对枸杞浊汁的稳定效果存在差异;付劭杰等[10]指出果胶是影响NFC苹果汁混浊稳定性的关键因素,其组分、结构及变化直接影响颗粒稳定性;Lin等[11]则证明通过水动力空化改变胡柚浊汁中果胶的结构(分子量、线性度、酯化度)可有效提升其贮藏稳定性。
在果胶的诸多结构参数中,酯化度(DE)是调控其功能性质(特别是胶体稳定性)的核心因素[12−13]。高酯果胶(DE>50%)主要在高糖酸条件下通过氢键和疏水作用形成凝胶网络来包裹固定颗粒,但在中低糖含量的浊汁体系中稳定颗粒的能力通常较弱;而低酯果胶(DE<50%)依赖游离羧基与金属离子交联作用,在低糖、低酸环境中表现出更强的悬浮能力[14]。然而现有研究对果胶“DE-体系稳定性”构效关系的阐释不够系统和深入。一方面,果胶在复杂果汁体系中稳定颗粒的具体作用机制尚未完全明确;另一方面,沉降动力学模型(如温度依赖性)的构建尚未结合热力学参数,导致货架期预测精度有限。更关键的是,在芒果皮果胶的提取与脱酯改性过程中,果胶关键结构参数(DE值)的变化是如何影响果胶Zeta电位、持水性等理化特性,进而实现对浊汁稳定性的调控,仍需深入探讨。
因此,本研究聚焦芒果皮果胶DE值的调控及其对芒果浊汁稳定性的优化作用,以台农1号芒果皮为原料,通过超声辅助酸解法提取果胶,并经碱法脱酯制备不同DE值的果胶样品,系统评估其对芒果浊汁离心沉淀率、悬浮稳定性、物理稳定性、感官变化、粒径等指标的影响。创新性引入Boltzmann/Logistic模型拟合沉降动力学,结合Stokes理论预测重力沉降时间,并通过25~45 ℃加速贮藏实验构建热力学模型,根据模型推测芒果浊汁在不同温度下的稳定性时间。本研究首次阐明芒果皮果胶DE值与浊汁稳定性的构效关系,为果胶资源的分级利用提供理论依据。同时,基于动力学与热力学参数构建稳定性预测模型,为热带水果加工中的货架期评估提供标准化工具,推动芒果皮从农业废弃物向高附加值功能配料的转化,具有显著的环境效益与产业升级价值。
‘台农1号’芒果(成熟度一致,商业成熟期果实) 购自海南当地市场;芒果原浆 广东源丰食品有限公司;维生素C、白砂糖、柠檬酸 江苏科伦多食品配料有限公司;半乳糖醛酸(GalA)、间羟基二苯 Sigma-Aldrich公司;所有其他试剂或溶剂(分析级) Macklin生化有限公司;所有超纯水溶液 均由Millipore系统(Millipore,Billerica,USA,18.2 MΩ cm电阻)制备。
SPX/APV-2000高压均质机 北京同和友德科技有限公司;Multifuge X1 R Pro冷冻离心机 美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司;LUMiFuge稳定性分析仪 德国LUM仪器公司;Mastersizer 3000激光衍射粒度分析仪 英国Malvern仪器公司;UV-6100紫外/可见分光光度计 上海元析仪器有限公司;SY-2000A旋转蒸发仪 上海亚荣生化仪器公司;RI-10A示差折光检测器 岛津仪器有限公司;Zetasizer Nano S90动态光散射设备 英国Malvern仪器公司;HAAKE™ MARS 60旋转流变仪 德国哈克公司。
采用超声辅助酸解法从芒果皮中提取果胶[15]。用锋利的不锈钢刀将芒果皮削去,收集好的芒果皮立即进行5 min的漂烫,用蒸馏水冲洗两次,并在40 ℃的烘箱中干燥2~3 d,用机械电动研磨机研磨成粉末。称取适量处理过的芒果皮粉置于烧杯中,按照料液比1:20加入pH2.0的HCl溶液(若原料批次间成分波动较大,在混合后复测并调节pH至2.0),在200 W超声功率和90 ℃超声温度下提取2 h,溶液用四层纱布过滤,用旋转蒸发仪在60 ℃下浓缩。然后向浓缩的果胶提取物中加入两倍体积浓度为95%的乙醇,于4 ℃下静置过夜。用65%乙醇和无水丙酮洗涤三次沉淀的絮状果胶,40 ℃烘干得到芒果皮果胶。
参照Wan等[16]的方法进行了一定的修改,采用碱法制备低酯果胶:称取3 g芒果皮果胶,加入100 mL浓度为0.1 mol/L的Na2CO3/NaHCO3缓冲溶液。将果胶液置于10 ℃水浴中,用1 mol/L的NaOH调节pH(10.0~11.0),并保持pH恒定,进行脱酯反应,脱酯时间30、60、90、120 min。加入2.7 mol/L的HCl调节pH到3.0终止脱酯反应,再加95%的乙醇沉淀果胶。抽滤分离沉淀,并用95%乙醇洗涤2~3次。将所得沉淀40 ℃烘干,得到不同DE值的芒果皮果胶样品(DEMPs),分别记为DEMP1、DEMP2、DEMP3、DEMP4。
果胶的GalA的含量根据Chaaiwarit等[17]的方法进行测定,用紫外/可见分光光度计在537 nm下测定GalA含量,用D-半乳糖醛酸当量的百分比表示。
果胶的DE值通过氢氧化钠滴定法来确定[18]。配制浓度为0.1%的果胶溶液。以酚酞为指示剂,用0.1 mol/L的NaOH溶液进行滴定至溶液出现微红色(V1),接着加入20 mL 0.1 mol/L的NaOH溶液,充分摇匀。随后加入20 mL 0.1 mol/L的HCl,摇匀直至粉红色消失。再次加入酚酞后,用0.1 mol/L的NaOH溶液滴定样品至溶液再次出现微红色(V2)。
$ \text{DE}({\text{%}})=\frac{{\text{V}}_{2}}{{\text{V}}_{1}+{\text{V}}_{2}}\times 100 $
果胶的分子量采用高效凝胶渗透色谱法测定[19]。精确称取5 mg样品与不同分子量的普鲁兰糖标准品,用流动相溶解并定容至5 mg/mL,经12000 r/min离心10 min后,取上清液过0.22 μm微孔滤膜,采用示差折光检测器进行分析。
果胶Zeta电位和粒径根据Chen等[8]的方法,在动态光散射设备上测定。设置折光率在10%~15%之间,介质折射率为1.33。
果胶的黏度根据Méndez等[20]的方法,采用旋转流变仪及其配套计算机软件进行测定。配制2%(w/v)的果胶溶液,测试条件为:平板夹具直径60 mm,间隙1000 μm,温度25±1 ℃。在稳态剪切模式下,测定剪切速率为50 s−1时的样品黏度。
果胶的溶解性(Solubility,S)和持水性(Water holding capacity,WHC)依据Nguyen等[21]报道的离心法进行测定,但略作修改。将0.5 g左右的果胶样品浸泡在20 mL的超纯水中,于25 ℃下浸泡1 h,然后在6000 r/min下离心15 min。离心后,弃去上清液,将沉淀物进行称重,烘干至恒重后再次称重。计算果胶样品的S和WHC。
$ \text{S}({\text{%}})=\frac{{\text{m}}_{\text{i}}-{\text{m}}_{\text{d}}}{{\text{m}}_{\text{i}}}\times 100 $
$ \text{WHC(g/g)}=\frac{{\text{m}}_{\text{w}}-{\text{m}}_{\text{d}}}{{\text{m}}_{\text{d}}} $
式中,mi为测S前果胶干样的起始质量(g);mw为沉淀物(果胶湿样)的质量(g);md为干燥后果胶干样的质量(g)。
芒果原浆→调配(按照原浆:水≈1:4的比例添加饮用水,调节可溶性固形物至13°Brix~15°Brix,用柠檬酸溶液调节pH至3.8~4.2)→加胶(按体系总量加入0.2%不同DE值的芒果皮果胶)→搅拌溶解(50 ℃,15 min)→均质(12000 r/min下高速剪切5 min,然后在温度为50 ℃、压力为30 MPa下进行均质处理2个循环)→杀菌(在85~90 ℃条件下,维持30 min进行常压杀菌)。
离心沉淀率(SR)表示体系的稳定性。取40 mL已制备好的芒果果汁于50 mL离心管中,以4000 r/min的转速离心30 min,将上清液分离后倒置30 min,测定SR。
$ \rm SR({\text{%}})=\frac{m_1}{m_2} \times 100 $
式中,m1为样品离心后沉淀物质量(g);m2为样品离心前的质量(g)。
果汁悬浮稳定性(R)的测定[22]:取芒果果汁20 mL,在4000 r/min下离心15 min,测定果汁在660 nm处离心前吸光度A0和离心后上清液吸光度A1,以蒸馏水做空白,计算R。
$ \rm {R}({\text{%}})=\frac{A_{1}} {A_0} \times 100 $
参照Ke等[3]的方法采用稳定性分析仪进行稳定性扫描,测定所用的参数如下:旋转速度,1320×g;进行时间,3000 s;时间间隔,10 s;温度,25 ℃。不同时间的光透过率曲线作为离心管位置的函数绘制。不稳定性指数由仪器软件计算。
根据Stokes沉降理论,应用分离因数的概念,把重力沉降与离心沉降相结合,推出了饮料产品中颗粒的沉降时间与预测实验中颗粒的离心沉降时间的关系式[23],即:
$ {\theta } =2.5\times 10^{-8} \rm {n}^{2} {rt} $
式中,θ为饮料产品的重力沉降时间(月);t为饮料产品在预测实验中的离心沉降时间(min);n为离心机的转速(r/min);r为离心机的旋转半径(m)。
通过目测法评估芒果浊汁在贮藏过程中的稳定性,重点关注由果肉颗粒上浮或下沉导致的相分离现象。
将果汁倒入1000 mL量筒中,在不同时间点(1、2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、60 d)记录沉淀物体积。以时间为横坐标,以上清液体积为纵坐标,利用Origin软件建立沉降动力学方程。选用Boltzmann模型和Logistic模型对果汁沉降动力学方程进行拟合[24−25]。
Boltzmann模型的基本方程为:
$\rm {V}=\frac{{{A}}_{1}-{{A}}_{2}}{1+{{e}}^{{(t}-{{{t}}_{0}}{{{)/d}}_{{t}}}}}+{{A}}_{2} $
式中,t0≥0,dt>0,A1−A2>0;V为t时刻的沉降体积;A1、A2、t0、dt为待定参数。
Logistic模型的基本方程为:
$ \rm {V}=\frac{{{A}}_{1}{{-A}}_{2}}{1+{\Bigg(\dfrac{{t}}{{{t}}_{0}}\Bigg)}^{{p}}}+{{A}}_{2} $
式中,t0≥0,p>0,A1−A2>0;V为t时刻的沉降体积;A1、A2、t0、p为待定参数。
将果汁贮藏在不同温度(25、35、45 ℃)条件下,每隔10 d(于0、10、20、30、40、50、60 d)取样测定其离心沉淀率。
使用激光衍射粒度分析仪测定芒果浊汁的粒径。粒子折射率为1.52,吸收率为0.1。分散剂为去离子水,设置折光率在10%~15%之间,介质折射率为1.33。粒径测定范围0.1~1000 μm,表示为D[3,2]。
将果汁贮藏在不同温度(25、35、45 ℃)条件下,每隔10 d(于0、10、20、30、40、50、60 d)取样进行感官评价分析。将样品分装至透明塑料杯中,随机编码。让10个感官评价员使用数据化表格记录感官评价分值,评价员依据表1标准对果汁外观稳定性进行评分(重点评估沉淀/分层程度)。样品间用清水漱口,间隔1 min。计算10人评分的算术平均值,当平均分≥2.5分时判定为不可接受。
将果汁贮藏在不同温度(25、35、45 ℃)条件下,每隔10 d取样分析贮藏过程中SR、粒径分布的变化规律。采用零级、一级、二级动力学公式计算反应速率常数[26],运用Arrhenius方程建立果汁稳定动力学及热力学模型[27]。
芒果浊汁储存期间物理化学参数的变化可以用式(9)表示:
$ \frac{\text{dC}}{\text{dt}}=\pm {\text{kC}}^{\text{n}} $
式中,C为t时的物化参数值;k为反应速率常数;n为反应级数。
若为零级反应,则可用式(10)计算其反应速率常数:
$ \mathrm{C}_{ \mathrm{0}} \mathrm{-C=kt} $
若为一级反应,则可用式(11)计算其反应速率常数:
$ \text{ln}\frac{{\text{C}}_{0}}{\text{C}}=\text{kt} $
若为二级反应,则可以用公式(12)计算反应速率常数:
$ \frac{1}{{\text{C}}_{0}}-\frac{1}{\text{C}}=\text{kt} $
式中,C0为物理化学参数浓度数值最初值。
贮藏时间与反应温度有关的变化用Arrhenius方程计算:
$ \text{k}={\text{A}}_{0}\text{exp}\left(-\frac{{\text{E}}_{\text{a}}}{\text{RT}}\right) $
式中,A0为阿仑尼乌斯常数;Ea为活化能;R为绝对气体常数8.314(J/mol·K);T为绝对温度(K)。
取对数:
$ \text{lnk}=-\frac{{\text{E}}_{\text{a}}}{\text{R}}\times \frac{1}{\text{T}}+\text{B} $
在求得不同温度下的反应速度常数后,取温度自然对数对热力学温度的倒数(1/T)作图,可获得斜率为−Ea/R的直线。
为了更进一步了解反应机理,根据绝对反应速率理论可以计算反应热力学参数:∆H*、∆S*、∆G*。
∆H*(kJ/mol)可以通过式(15)计算:
$ {\text{ΔH}}^{*}={\text{E}}_{\text{a}}-\text{RT} $
∆S*(J/mol·k)可以通过式(16)计算:
$ \text{k}=\frac{{\text{K}}_{\text{b}}}{\text{h}}\text{exp}\left(\frac{{\text{ΔS}}^{*}}{\text{R}}\right)\text{exp}\left(\frac{-{\text{ΔH}}^{*}}{\text{RT}}\right) $
式中,Kb为玻尔兹曼常数(1.38×10−23 J/K);h为普朗克常数(6.626×10−34 Js)。
∆G*(kJ/mol)可以通过式(17)计算:
$ \rm{\Delta G}^{*} = \Delta H^{*} -T\Delta S^{*} $
芒果浊汁稳定性预测模型是否精确,可通过模型的预测值和实际值之间的标准误差(ε)以及预测模型的残差变异系数(CV)来检验。
$ \varepsilon = \sqrt{\frac{\displaystyle\sum \nolimits_{\text{i}=1}^{\text{n}}{{{{(\rm y}}_{\rm{i}}}-{{\hat{\rm y}}_{\rm {i}}})}^{2}}{\rm {n}-1}} $
式中,ε为预测标准误差;yi为模型实测值;$ \hat{\rm y} $i为模型预测值;n为样本大小。
$ \text{CV}({\text{%}})=\frac{\varepsilon }{\overline{\rm y}}\times 100 $
式中,CV为残差变异系数;ε为预测标准误差;$ \overline{\rm y} $为平均实测值。
每次实验重复3次以上,结果用平均值±标准差表示;采用SPSS 25.0的Ducan检验差异性(P<0.05为差异性显著);采用Origin 2022绘图。
如表2所示,DEMPs的DE随着碱处理时间的增加而降低,从30~120 min,DE值从66.26%下降到33.67%,其中所得DEMP3和DEMP4均为低酯果胶。所有DEMPs中GalA的含量都超过了商业食品级果胶65%的限制。然而,GalA含量与DE值呈非线性关系,DEMP2的GalA最高(85.05%),可能是脱酯过程中β-消除反应选择性降解中性糖,导致GalA相对占比上升,DEMP4的GalA降至81.81%,可能是脱酯引发了部分主链断裂。在碱法脱酯梯度下(DE由66.26%降低至33.67%),随着DE降低,DEMPs的S和WHC也有所提高。这种改善可能是由于果胶中甲氧基含量的减少,从而增加了游离羧基的数量。这些羧基可以与水分子形成氢键,从而提高果胶的S和WHC。此结果与韦鑫等[28]的研究结果相同,低酯化后的菠萝蜜果皮果胶也具有更好的S。碱性脱酯化后,随着DE降低,DEMPs的分子量、粒径和黏度都有所降低,这可能是因为随着脱酯化反应的进行,还伴随着β-消除反应[29],导致了部分果胶的降解,果胶的分子量降低,粒径变小,黏度降低[30]。DE值与果胶溶液的Zeta电位绝对值呈负相关,这是由于脱酯化反应导致游离羧基(带负电荷)增加所致[19,31]。DE值每降低10%,Zeta电位绝对值增加约2.5 mV,DEMP4的Zeta电位绝对值最高(−36.09 mV),高Zeta电位表示胶体颗粒之间的静电排斥作用强,胶体体系越稳定。
SR表示体系的稳定性,一般来说,SR值越小,稳定性越好[9]。然而由表3可见,加入果胶后,芒果汁的SR值反而增大。这可能是由于果胶增强了芒果汁体系中的凝胶网络,在更强的网络下沉淀中会保留更多的水,从而使得SR增大。另一方面,较强的WHC可以提高果汁的物理稳定性。这一现象与Ke等[3]研究报道保持一致,经工业规模的微流体均质机系统处理的全组分芒果浊汁通过强化纤维网络,使沉淀相中保留更多水分,导致沉淀重量比升高,WHC增强,进而提升了果汁的物理稳定性。
果汁的R值也是衡量果汁稳定性的一个标准,由表3可见,加入果胶后,R值增大。添加DEMP1、DEMP2、DEMP3、DEMP4的芒果汁与无添加的芒果汁相比,R值分别提高了5.47%、16.08%、22.11%、26.76%。说明果汁浊度的变化率较小,颗粒悬浮更持久,整体稳定性高。
为了表征不同DE值果胶的添加对芒果汁物理稳定性的影响,使用了LUMiFuge分散分析仪进行分析。芒果汁在离心过程中透光曲线的变化和不稳定性指数分别如图1和表3所示。从图1中可以看出,在离心管底部的透射值随着时间的推移而减小,说明沉淀是逐渐形成的。在离心过程中,无添加的芒果汁表现出明显的非重叠透射曲线和透射值的变化,表明发生了相分离和严重的沉淀[3]。添加了不同DE值的芒果皮果胶之后,随着果胶DE值的减小,芒果汁的透射值变化越小,剖面越重叠。如表3所示,随着添加果胶DE值的减小,芒果汁的不稳定性指数显著降低(P<0.05)。添加DEMP1、DEMP2、DEMP3、DEMP4的芒果汁与无添加的芒果汁相比,分别降低了4.53%、7.91%、18.14%、25.47%。结果表明,果胶的添加提高了芒果汁的物理稳定性,并随着果胶DE值的减小而增加。
如表3所示,当n=6000 r/min,r=0.175 m,芒果汁、芒果汁+DEMP1、芒果汁+DEMP2、芒果汁+DEMP3、芒果汁+DEMP4分别在离心5、6、13、38、40 min时达到最大沉淀率,预测重力沉降时间分别为0.79、0.95、2.05、5.99、6.30个月,并且实测重力沉降时间与货架期观察结果较一致。
如图2所示,Boltzmann曲线和Logistic曲线可以较好地反映沉降历时曲线与其呈S形变化的数学特征。
根据Boltzmann模型,t0≥0、dt>0、A1−A2>0,V为t时刻对应的沉降体积。当t→+∞时,V=A2,即A2为预测最终沉降体积。由表4可见,芒果汁、芒果汁+DEMP1、芒果汁+DEMP2的最终沉降体积分别为636.490、652.827、766.510 mL,而芒果汁+DEMP3、芒果汁+DEMP4始终未发生沉降。
将式(7)对时间t求导,得:
$\rm {V'}=-\frac{{{(A}}_{1}{{-A}}_{2})}{{{d}}_{{t}}}{{e}}^{\frac{{t}-{{t}}_{0}}{{{d}}_{{t}}}}{(1+{{{e}}^{\frac{{t}-{{t}}_{0}}{{{d}}_{{t}}}}})}^{-2} $
将式(7)对时间t求二阶导,得:
$ \rm {V''}=\frac{{{(A}}_{1}{{-A}}_{2})}{{{d}}_{{t}}{}^{2}}{{e}}^{\frac{{t}-{{t}}_{0}}{{{d}}_{{t}}}}\frac{{{(e}}^{\frac{{t}-{{t}}_{0}}{{{d}}_{{t}}}}-1)}{{(1+{{{e}}^{\frac{{t}-{{t}}_{0}}{{{d}}_{{t}}}}})}^{3}} $
其中:a.当t=t0时V″=0,V'最大,反弯点出现;b.当t<t0 时V'<0,V″<0,即在区间(0,t0)内V图形表现为凸形,在此区间内V'递增,初期V'增加较快,达到峰值后逐渐减小;c.当t>t0 时V'<0,V″>0,即在区间(t0,∞)内V图形表现为凹形,在此区间内V'递减降低,最终趋于零。dt值的大小影响沉降曲线收敛速度,反映沉降曲线的加载速率[32]。dt值越小表示在较短时间内完成大的沉降。芒果汁、芒果汁+DEMP1、芒果汁+DEMP2的t0、dt值逐渐增大,说明不添加果胶的芒果汁在短时间内即完成大的沉降,物理稳定性较差,而添加果胶提高了芒果汁的物理稳定性,并随着果胶DE值的减小稳定性增加。
根据Logistic模型,当t→+∞时,V=A2,A2为预测最终沉降体积。由表5可见,芒果汁、芒果汁+DEMP1、芒果汁+DEMP2的最终沉降体积分别为581.766、616.967、717.325 mL。Logistic模型与Boltzmann模型相比,R2值更高,可能精度更准。
芒果汁在不同的贮藏温度下(25、35、45 ℃)的SR变化曲线见图3,由图可知,在同一温度下,样品的SR随时间延长而增加,不同温度储存条件下,温度越高,样品的SR越大。由于温度高,分子运动越剧烈,样品中大分子物质在布朗运动时,碰撞的机会越高[33]。添加果胶的芒果汁的SR比纯芒果汁高,且随着DE值的降低,SR不断增大,这可能是由于果胶增强了芒果汁体系中的凝胶网络,在更强的网络下沉淀中会保留更多的水。
芒果汁在不同的贮藏温度下(25、35、45 ℃)粒径的变化曲线见图4,由图可知,在同一温度下,样品的粒径随时间延长而增加,不同温度储存条件下,温度越高,样品的粒径越大。与纯芒果汁相比,添加果胶后,粒径随时间增长的速率发生变化。在相同时间跨度内,添加了果胶的芒果汁体系粒径增长幅度小于纯芒果汁,说明果胶能在一定程度上减缓粒径的增长。低酯果胶在溶液中带有较多负电荷,颗粒间的静电排斥作用较强,阻止了颗粒的靠近和聚集,有效减缓粒径增长[34]。低酯果胶羧基含量较高,在芒果汁体系中,这些羧基可能与果汁中的金属离子(如钙离子)发生交联作用,形成相对稳定的网络结构。这种网络结构可以限制颗粒的自由移动和碰撞,从而减缓颗粒的聚集,抑制粒径增长。
芒果汁在不同的贮藏温度下(25、35、45 ℃)感官评价值的变化曲线见图5,在不同温度储存条件下,芒果汁感官值随贮藏时间的增加而递增,在贮藏时间相同时,感官值随贮藏温度升高而上升。感官值越大,果汁的稳定性越差。从图中可以看出,添加了果胶的芒果汁体系感官值上升较慢,添加DEMP3/DEMP4组的芒果汁在储存期间60 d内,感官值均未超过2.5。
按照化学动力学反应级数的计算方法。计算芒果汁贮藏期间SR、粒径的反应级数,符合一级反应化学动力学。用对不同温度下的SR、粒径数据进行回归分析,该拟合指数均大于0.9,反应拟合程度良好。对指数方程求导,确定SR、粒径的反应速率常数。根据式(14)求出反应活化能。根据式(15)(16)(17)计算反应的热力学参数∆H*、∆S*、∆G*,见表6。
活化能(Ea)表明化学反应需要的能量,活化能越低,化学反应越容易发生。焓变值(∆H*)大于零,表明反应为吸热过程,温度越高,越能促进络合物的形成,体系的稳定性越差。根据热力学原理,吉布斯自由能(∆G*)表征反应物基态与过渡态之间的能垒变化,是判定过程自发性的关键参数。本研究中∆G*值在85.87~95.12 kJ/mol范围内窄幅波动,表明其受温度影响较小。该正值特征(∆G*>0)证实反应需外界能量驱动,属于非自发过程[35]。
Gibbs自由能∆G*随温度增加而递增,建立Gibbs自由能∆G*与温度回归函数,表明化学反应与宏观物理变化之间的相关性关系,SR和粒径的Gibbs自由能与温度之间的回归方程相关性都很高,见表7。
通常判断饮料稳定性的标准是消费者的感官接受程度,因此,将感官评价值作为芒果汁的稳定性变化标准。感官评价相关程度较高的理化参数—SR、粒径都可作为建立芒果汁稳定性动力学的模型指标。在储存期间,芒果汁SR和感官值的回归方程见表8。由表可见,SR和感官值线性回归方程的决定系数(R2)均大于0.98,表明两者间的相关性较强。
将SR作为样品的动力学和热力学模型指示值,可获得芒果汁的动力学和热力学的稳定性模型如表9所示。
因此,由初始的沉淀率(SR0),就可用动力学和热力学的稳定性模型推测芒果汁在不同温度下的稳定性时间。
根据实验数据,得到不同样品组在不同温度条件下观察的稳定时间,计算预测标准误差、模型残差变异系数如表10所示,模型残差变异系数(除芒果汁外)均小于15%,则表明该模型能够比较精确地预测芒果汁的货架期。25 ℃下,与未添加果胶的芒果浊汁相比,添加了DEMP1、DEMP2、DEMP3、DEMP4的芒果浊汁的稳定时间从21 d分别延长至30、60、185、195 d。
对果胶的理化性质与芒果浊汁稳定时间进行相关性分析,分析结果如图6所示。芒果浊汁稳定时间与果胶DE值、分子量、粒径、电位、黏度之间的相关系数分别为−0.91、−0.99、−0.61、−0.84、−0.81,呈现出负相关关系。其中,稳定时间与果胶分子量呈显著负相关(P<0.05),稳定时间与果胶DE值、电位、黏度呈较强的负相关,但统计学上不显著。芒果浊汁稳定时间与果胶GalA含量、溶解性、持水性之间的相关系数分别为0.31、0.19、0.84,呈现出正相关关系。其中,稳定时间与果胶的持水性呈较强的正相关,但统计上不显著。
低酯芒果皮果胶(DEMP3/DEMP4)可能通过多机制协同提升芒果浊汁的稳定性。其一,脱酯化显著增加游离羧基数量,提高体系Zeta电位绝对值(如DEMP4Zeta电位达−36.09 mV),增强胶体颗粒间静电排斥作用,有效抑制果胶与颗粒聚集。霍璟怡[36]的研究也表明,随着果胶添加量的增加,柠檬汁的Zeta电位的绝对值逐渐增加,体系稳定性不断增强,高Zeta电位值表明粒子间存在较强的静电排斥力,有助于防止粒子聚集,从而增强体系的稳定性。其二,低DE果胶的羧基数量多,促进其与果汁中钙离子通过“蛋盒模型”交联,形成三维网络结构[37−38],该网络包裹悬浮颗粒,显著降低粒径增长速率(DEMP3/DEMP4组粒径增幅最低),延缓沉降进程。其三,其强WHC形成稳定水化层,阻隔分子直接接触,减少聚集的可能性,防止分层或相分离[3,36]。三重效应共同延长芒果浊汁稳定时间,其中DEMP4稳定期达195 d。
本实验提取并制备了四种不同DE值的芒果皮果胶(DEMP1~DEMP4),将其添加到芒果浊汁中,系统揭示了果胶DE值对芒果浊汁稳定性的调控机制,并构建了基于动力学与热力学参数的货架期预测模型。结果表明,低酯果胶(DEMP3/DEMP4)显著提升了芒果浊汁的稳定性。其中添加DEMP4的芒果浊汁离心沉淀率达44.46%,悬浮稳定性提升26.76%,不稳定性指数降低25.47%,重力沉降时间从对照组的0.79个月延长至6.30个月;采用Boltzmann与Logistic模型拟合沉降动力学,发现低酯果胶能够显著延长沉降反弯点时间;基于Arrhenius方程获得了果汁稳定动力学及热力学模型,模型推测芒果浊汁在不同温度下的稳定性时间具有高预测精度,25 ℃下添加DEMP1~DEMP4的芒果浊汁稳定时间较未添加果胶组的21 d分别延长至30、60、185、195 d,预测模型残差变异系数均小于15%。本研究揭示了低酯果胶对芒果浊汁的稳定机制,构建了精准的稳定性预测模型,但受限于原料单一性与机制表征手段,未来需融合多尺度表征技术阐明稳定机制本质,并综合评估果胶添加对果汁风味、口感等属性的长期影响。本文为芒果皮果胶资源的高值化利用及热带水果浊汁稳定化技术提供了理论依据与实践指导:建议优先选用DE值低于50%的低酯果胶作为浊汁稳定剂;建议利用本研究建立的稳定性预测模型快速评估和预测产品货架期。这对推动食品工业的可持续发展与产业升级具有积极意义。

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2026年第47卷第13期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060189
  • 接收时间:2025-06-18
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-07-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-18
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    1中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所,海南省热带园艺产品采后生理与保鲜重点实验室,广东湛江 524091
    2农业农村部热带果树生物学重点实验室,广东湛江 524091
    3云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南昆明 650500

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帅希祥(1989−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:。
杜丽清(1975−),男,硕士,研究员,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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