Article(id=1320883727341830565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320881884691808691, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1756656000000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852821430, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1782835200000, pubDateStr=2026-07-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852821430, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852821430, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852821430, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320881884691808691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='13', pageStart='1', pageEnd='522', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782835200000', pubDateStr='2026-07-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852382109, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852382109, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1, endPage=10, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320883729367679399, articleId=1320883727341830565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Dynamic Profiling of Aroma in Concentration Peach Puree Processing via Volatilomics and Chemometrics, columnId=1261336279195726298, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Papers Invited by Guest Editors, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The aromatic quality of concentrated peach puree was significantly influenced by different processing stages. To improve product quality, it was vital to elucidate the patterns of aroma evolution at each processing stage. Flavoromics combined with chemometrics were used to clarify the stage and differential aroma-active components of peach puree after commercial crushing, centrifugation, concentration and sterilization. A total of 89 volatile components were determined in the peach puree throughout the four stages. Among them, 15 volatiles, with relative odor activity value (rOAV) ≥ 1, were defined as the key aroma-active components: γ-decalactone, ethyl butyrate, ethyl isovalerate, isoamyl acetate, hexyl acetate, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, hexanal, octanal, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, 1-hexanol, benzyl alcohol, damascenone, isovaleric acid, theaspirane, and 2-acetyl-1-pyrrolidine. Specifically, 11, 8, 4 and 2 key aroma-active components were identified in the crushed, centrifuged, concentrated and sterilised peach puree, respectively. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the concentration step was identified as the crucial stage responsible for the changes and deterioration of the aroma quality in peach purees. Compared to the peach puree after crushing, fruity esters and green alcohols in the peach puree after concentration decreased by 100.00% and 97.95%, respectively. In addition, four differential aroma-active compounds were screened out using variable influence on projection (VIP) analyses to distinguish peach puree across processing stages: leaf acetate (fruity, VIP: 1.16), 1-hexanol (green/floral, VIP: 2.41), benzyl alcohol (floral, VIP: 1.82), and isovaleric acid (rancid, VIP: 1.93). The concentration-induced changes in these compounds contributed significantly to the loss of the characteristic peach aroma at the concentration stage. Hence, concentration is the key step inducing undesirable variations in characteristic aroma compounds during the continuous production of peach puree. This study provides a theoretical basis for peach puree processing enterprises to produce products with highly preserved characteristic aromas through the optimization of concentration technologies.

, authors=Gege LIU, Qinqin CHEN, Jinfeng BI*, authorsList=Gege LIU, Qinqin CHEN, Jinfeng BI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jinfeng BI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320883731225756084, articleId=1320883727341830565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=基于挥发性组学结合化学计量学动态解析浓缩桃浆加工过程中的香气演变, columnId=1261336280563069408, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=特邀主编专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

不同加工阶段对浓缩桃浆的香气品质产生显著影响,明确各加工阶段香气演变规律对于改善产品品质具有重要意义。本研究以商业化浓缩桃浆4个加工阶段(破碎、离心、浓缩和灭菌)的原料为研究对象,通过风味组学结合化学计量学分析,明确浓缩桃浆关键香气发生转变的关键环节及差异香气活性成分。结果表明:4个阶段桃浆中共检测到89种挥发性成分,包含γ-癸内酯、丁酸乙酯、异戊酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯、乙酸己酯、乙酸叶醇酯、己醛、辛醛、(E,Z)-2, 6-壬二烯醛、正己醇、苯甲醇、大马士酮、异戊酸、茶香螺烷和2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉共15种关键香气活性成分(relative odor activity value,rOAV≥1),其中破碎、离心、浓缩和灭菌后的桃浆分别鉴定出11、8、4和2种关键香气活性成分。结合主成分分析,发现浓缩过程是桃浆产品香气劣变的关键环节,与破碎桃浆相比,浓缩桃浆中果香酯和青香醇的相对含量分别减少了100.00%和97.95%。此外,通过变量重要性投影(variable influence on projection,VIP)分析,筛选出4种区分不同加工阶段桃浆的差异香气活性成分,包括果香的乙酸叶醇酯(VIP:1.16)、青香和花香的正己醇(VIP:2.41)和苯甲醇(VIP:1.82)以及酸败味的异戊酸(VIP:1.93),它们的含量变化是造成浓缩阶段桃浆特征香气丧失的关键因素,因此桃浆连续生产过程中的浓缩阶段是导致关键香气发生不良转变的关键步骤。本研究为桃浆加工企业通过优化浓缩技术生产高保留特征风味的桃浆产品提供了理论支撑。

, authors=刘格格, 陈芹芹, 毕金峰*, authorsList=刘格格, 陈芹芹, 毕金峰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=毕金峰, authorNote=

刘格格(1999−)(ORCID:0000−0001−7302−9814),女,博士研究生,研究方向:食品化学与营养,E-mail:

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毕金峰(1970−)(ORCID:0000−0001−8664−8788),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:果蔬加工制造与营养科学,E-mail:。
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Food Science, 2023, 44(8): 194−200., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320883731599049141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883727341830565, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883731628409270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883727341830565, companyId=1320883731599049141, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing and Storage, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883731632603575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883727341830565, companyId=1320883731599049141, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所,农业农村部农产品加工与贮藏重点实验室,北京 100193)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320883734748971473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883727341830565, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Circle clustered heatmap of volatiles of concentrated peach puree during commercial processing, figureFileSmall=YhnqSrqKG4L721CfOo+iDw==, figureFileBig=wye4KPzI1qP3Quby1M0Gng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883734820274642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883727341830565, language=CN, label=图1, caption=浓缩桃浆热加工过程挥发性成分圆形聚类热图, figureFileSmall=YhnqSrqKG4L721CfOo+iDw==, figureFileBig=wye4KPzI1qP3Quby1M0Gng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883735000629715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883727341830565, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Volatiles content in commercial concentrated peach puree during processing, figureFileSmall=Hsn0MdnBHwMeGiliAxRhMg==, figureFileBig=Ihfc0zFLAC2GwGP45N+3nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883735063544276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883727341830565, language=CN, label=图2, caption=浓缩桃浆热加工过程挥发性成分含量

注:不同小写字母表示有显著性差异(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=Hsn0MdnBHwMeGiliAxRhMg==, figureFileBig=Ihfc0zFLAC2GwGP45N+3nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883735139041749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883727341830565, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Volatiles types polar coordinates in commercial concentrated peach puree during processing, figureFileSmall=TytnSIyALtPFhn/fvUs4fw==, figureFileBig=wcI0YRreXfugyGO+0MyYcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883735227122134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883727341830565, language=CN, label=图3, caption=浓缩桃浆热加工过程挥发性成分种类极坐标, figureFileSmall=TytnSIyALtPFhn/fvUs4fw==, figureFileBig=wcI0YRreXfugyGO+0MyYcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883735298425303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883727341830565, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Chord plot of aroma-active components in commercial concentrated peach puree during processing, figureFileSmall=bvWO/RcZtNxW+tCUEOkNmA==, figureFileBig=a4Tkdw8vdD6DEQYqJI5JlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883735369728472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883727341830565, language=CN, label=图4, caption=浓缩桃浆热加工过程香气活性成分弦图, figureFileSmall=bvWO/RcZtNxW+tCUEOkNmA==, figureFileBig=a4Tkdw8vdD6DEQYqJI5JlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883735449420249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883727341830565, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=PCA of aroma-active components in commercial concentrated peach puree during processing, figureFileSmall=eR4Jv1zuBdy3YiB9u4U6rQ==, figureFileBig=fLM4VQn6k8XaiXfcVmkgYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883735512334810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883727341830565, language=CN, label=图5, caption=浓缩桃浆热加工过程香气活性成分PCA, figureFileSmall=eR4Jv1zuBdy3YiB9u4U6rQ==, figureFileBig=fLM4VQn6k8XaiXfcVmkgYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883735575249371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883727341830565, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=PLS-DA model analysis of GC-MS/MS data of concentrated peach puree during processing, figureFileSmall=ADDjN4UWny64Lo3MQXLcAA==, figureFileBig=WTe22uVR80CFzfWoNKvHbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883735642358236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883727341830565, language=CN, label=图6, caption=浓缩桃浆不同加工阶段的GC-MS/MS的PLS-DA模型分析

注:(A)PLS-DA得分图;(B)置换检验图;(C)VIP值。

, figureFileSmall=ADDjN4UWny64Lo3MQXLcAA==, figureFileBig=WTe22uVR80CFzfWoNKvHbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883735713661405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883727341830565, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Relative content of volatiles in concentrated peach puree during different processing stages

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CAS中文名称香气描述RI相对含量(μg/kg 2-辛醇)定性方式
破碎后离心后浓缩后灭菌后
内酯类
695-06-7γ-己内酯甜香,果香171412.13±0.31a11.16±0.19b12.89±0.12a12.75±0.24aMS/RI
104-50-7γ-辛内酯椰子香味1933−−1.07±0.02b1.11±0.01aMS/RI
706-14-9γ-癸内酯桃子味2169−−4.99±0.26a4.22±0.13bMS/RI
698-76-0δ-辛内酯桃子味19860.46±0.04a0.33±0.01b−−MS/RI
104-61-0γ-壬内酯椰子味,桃子味20493.96±0.11a3.26±0.09b−−MS/RI
酯类
141-78-6乙酸乙酯果香,菠萝味831−−27.5±0.49−MS/RI
123-86-4乙酸丁酯梨,果香10671.00±0.08b0.55±0.10c0.76±0.02bc1.72±0.09aMS/RI
97-64-3乳酸乙酯果香13529.12±0.24a0.65±0.03b0.60±0.01b−MS/RI
1114-92-7丁烷-2,3-二乙酸二酯果香153365.11±0.09a47.36±0.26b20.15±0.01c10.25±0.20dMS/RI
115-99-1甲酸芳樟酯柑橘,小茴香1557−−0.55±0.01a0.48±0.01bMS/RI
105-37-3丙酸乙酯果香9332.34±0.22a0.53±0.08b−−MS/RI
109-60-4乙酸丙酯果香95410.92±0.71b10.19±0.81b−18.51±1.47aMS/RI
110-19-0乙酸异丁酯苹果味,香蕉味100413.52±1.09a6.12±0.20b−−MS/RI
105-54-4丁酸乙酯苹果味10294.66±0.35a1.14±0.05b−−MS/RI
108-64-5异戊酸乙酯果香10621.91±0.11a0.20±0.01b−−MS/RI
123-92-2乙酸异戊酯香蕉味112430.51±1.88a6.93±0.22b−−MS/RI
5205-07-23-甲基-3-丁烯-1-醇乙酸酯果香1202−0.36±0.01−−MS/RI
142-92-7乙酸己酯水果味,愉快气味128033.27±0.37a1.80±0.01b−−MS/RI
3681-71-8乙酸叶醇酯香蕉味132724.13±0.98b28.01±0.82a−−MS/RI
56922-75-9(Z)-己-2-烯基乙酸酯果香13448.63±0.17a1.92±0.01b−−MS/RI
106-32-1辛酸乙酯果香14471.18±0.09a0.18±0.01b−−MS/RI
112-32-3甲酸辛酯果香1569−1.49±0.03−−MS/RI
140-11-4乙酸苄酯清新,煮蔬菜味17407.13±0.03a0.85±0.01b−−MS/RI
101-97-3苯乙酸乙酯果香,甜香1797−0.20±0.01−−MS/RI
103-45-7乙酸苯乙酯玫瑰花香,蜂蜜香18348.91±0.09a3.88±0.07b−−MS/RI
102-76-1三乙酸甘油酯特异气味2087−0.12±0.01−−MS/RI
93-58-3苯甲酸甲酯李子味,香料味,甜香16364.52±0.20−−−MS/RI
623-42-7丁酸甲酯果香,甜香9670.32±0.04−−−MS/RI
110-42-9癸酸甲酯酒香16080.30±0.01−−−MS/RI
123-66-0正己酸乙酯苹果皮味,果香12420.74±0.01−−−MS/RI
111-11-5辛酸甲酯橘子味14011.11±0.23−−−MS/RI
104-57-4甲酸苄酯强烈果味1699−−−0.12±0.01MS/RI
醛类
110-62-3戊醛杏仁,麦芽气味959−3.12±0.04c6.61±0.21b9.71±0.05aMS/RI
66-25-1己醛青草,绿色10791.13±0.02b16.37±1.81a3.35±0.02b4.49±0.18bMS/RI
6728-26-3(E)-2-己烯醛苹果,青草,绿色12266.24±0.22d24.82±1.09a8.95±0.01c11.37±0.36bMS/RI
124-19-6壬醛柑橘味,脂肪为,绿色14052.14±0.02b4.13±0.03a1.21±0.02c0.93±0.05dMS/RI
100-52-7苯甲醛苦杏仁味,花香1534173.78±12.41a84.64±2.58b15.17±0.05c10.29±0.06cMS/RI
124-13-0辛醛脂肪味,柠檬,绿色1299−2.19±0.01−−MS/RI
112-31-2癸醛肥皂,橘子皮,牛脂1511−0.36±0.01−−MS/RI
18829-56-6(E)-2-壬烯醛肥皂,脂肪味,杏仁味1547−0.10±0.01−−MS/RI
557-48-2(E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛黄瓜味,绿色15950.65±0.07−−−MS/RI
34246-54-33-乙基苯甲醛/17210.18±0.03−−−MS/RI
醇类
123-51-3异戊醇轻微酒精气味121561.75±3.99a6.99±0.96b0.53±0.01b0.58±0.01bMS/RI
71-41-01-戊醇香脂味1259−1.08±0.17c2.00±0.14b2.65±0.05aMS/RI
111-27-3正己醇愉快气味,花香,绿色1364258.81±12.68a53.31±1.17b5.51±0.10c7.75±0.13cMS/RI
928-96-1叶醇青草气味139618.31±0.55a10.28±0.4b3.11±0.01c3.82±0.12cMS/RI
928-94-9(Z)-2-已烯-1-醇绿叶,绿色气味141822.1±0.68a5.48±0.18b4.91±0.74b−MS/RI
104-76-72-乙基己醇玫瑰花香,绿色气味1502−1.09±0.06a0.39±0.02b−MS/RI
100-51-6苯甲醇甜香,花香1892145.24±1.16a0.32±0.08b0.54±0.01b0.63±0.01bMS/RI
60-12-8苯乙醇蜂蜜香,玫瑰花香192928.49±0.73a3.52±0.34b1.51±0.01c1.47±0.03cMS/RI
64-17-5乙醇甜香908294.61±18.76a58.64±2.77b−−MS/RI
78-83-1异丁醇酒精气味,苦味109310.93±0.71a2.30±0.30b−0.24±0.03cMS/RI
584-02-13-戊醇水果1110−0.56±0.09−−MS/RI
3293-47-8二氢-β-紫罗兰醇琥珀木香味1984−0.12±0.01−−MS/RI
143-08-81-壬醇脂肪味,绿色气味16752.27±0.16−−−MS/RI
111-87-51-辛醇金属味,燃烧气味15691.82±0.01−−−MS/RI
543-49-72-庚醇蘑菇味13302.77±0.13−−−MS/RI
10340-23-5(Z)-3-壬烯-1-醇蘑菇味16995.70±0.03−−−MS/RI
928-95-0(E)-2-己烯-1-醇绿色,绿叶气味1418−−−5.33±0.22MS/RI
29957-43-53,7-二甲基辛-1,5,7-三烯-3-醇发霉气味1621−−−0.12±0.01MS/RI
酮类
110-93-0甲基庚烯酮胡椒,蘑菇,橡胶1348−1.49±0.04a0.70±0.06c0.87±0.04bMS/RI
4906-24-53-乙酰氧基-2-丁酮辛辣、甜腻,奶油味139014.62±0.54a12.43±0.30b13.53±0.14ab7.22±0.05cMS/RI
14309-57-03-壬烯-2-酮果味,辛辣味,甘草气味1524−−1.03±0.01a0.89±0.02bMS/RI
1125-21-9茶香酮发霉木香味1705−−0.84±0.01b1.33±0.08aMS/RI
23726-93-4大马士酮蒸煮味,苹果,玫瑰味1842−−0.16±0.01−MS/RI
17283-81-7β-二氢紫罗兰酮花香,泥土味1853−−0.05±0.01−MS/RI
18402-83-0(3E)-3-壬烯-2-酮/1524−0.41±0.01−−MS/RI
27593-23-36-戊基-2H-吡喃-2-酮椰子味2214−−−0.29±0.03MS/RI
酸类
64-19-7乙酸酸味146563.46±0.05a−14.56±0.02b10.76±0.01cMS/RI
107-92-6丁酸酸臭,奶酪,汗味1668−−1.34±0.02a1.42±0.06aMS/RI
503-74-2异戊酸酸败味169018.27±0.40b−39.56±0.38a7.62±0.04cMS/RI
呋喃类MS/RI
3208-16-02-乙基呋喃坚果味928−−0.7±0.07−MS/RI
3777-69-32-戊基呋喃青豆,黄油味12391.37±0.05c0.98±0.01d2.28±0.09a1.69±0.01bMS/RI
498-60-23-糠醛1473−−11.91±0.21−MS/RI
98-01-1糠醛烤面包味,甜香1473−−−10.08±0.43MS/RI
其他类
108-95-2苯酚酚味20190.51±0.11a0.34±0.02ab0.15±0.01b0.13±0.01bMS/RI
123-07-9对乙基苯酚酚味,香料2192−0.53±0.04a0.16±0.01b0.15±0.01bMS/RI
90-05-1愈创木酚烟味,甜香,药草味18760.09±0.01a0.05±0.01b−−MS/RI
2785-89-94-乙基愈创木酚烟熏味20482.91±0.06a0.73±0.06b−−MS/RI
5912-86-7(Z)-2-甲氧基-4-(丙-1-烯基)苯酚/2188−−−0.08±0.01MS/RI
108-88-3甲苯化学试剂,刺激味道1033−−−1.49±0.02MS/RI
1014-60-41, 3-二叔丁基苯/144030.45±0.47c68.84±0.40a17.01±1.20d52.13±0.45bMS/RI
25155-15-1甲基(1-甲基乙基)-苯/1280−−0.24±0.03−MS/RI
91-20-3萘辛辣味17521.07±0.42−−−MS/RI
100-42-5苯乙烯汽油味12641.25±0.02a0.12±0.01b−−MS/RI
36431-72-8茶香螺烷花香,茶香15188.57±0.43a0.56±0.01b0.10±0.01b−MS/RI
275-51-4甘菊蓝芳香1752−−0.38±0.03b0.70±0.03aMS/RI
2471-84-31-亚甲基茚焦油气味1752−0.60±0.01−−MS/RI
85213-22-52-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉爆米花,熟米饭香气13350.21±0.01−−−MS/RI
), ArticleFig(id=1320883735822713310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883727341830565, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

浓缩桃浆不同加工阶段挥发性成分的相对含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CAS中文名称香气描述RI相对含量(μg/kg 2-辛醇)定性方式
破碎后离心后浓缩后灭菌后
内酯类
695-06-7γ-己内酯甜香,果香171412.13±0.31a11.16±0.19b12.89±0.12a12.75±0.24aMS/RI
104-50-7γ-辛内酯椰子香味1933−−1.07±0.02b1.11±0.01aMS/RI
706-14-9γ-癸内酯桃子味2169−−4.99±0.26a4.22±0.13bMS/RI
698-76-0δ-辛内酯桃子味19860.46±0.04a0.33±0.01b−−MS/RI
104-61-0γ-壬内酯椰子味,桃子味20493.96±0.11a3.26±0.09b−−MS/RI
酯类
141-78-6乙酸乙酯果香,菠萝味831−−27.5±0.49−MS/RI
123-86-4乙酸丁酯梨,果香10671.00±0.08b0.55±0.10c0.76±0.02bc1.72±0.09aMS/RI
97-64-3乳酸乙酯果香13529.12±0.24a0.65±0.03b0.60±0.01b−MS/RI
1114-92-7丁烷-2,3-二乙酸二酯果香153365.11±0.09a47.36±0.26b20.15±0.01c10.25±0.20dMS/RI
115-99-1甲酸芳樟酯柑橘,小茴香1557−−0.55±0.01a0.48±0.01bMS/RI
105-37-3丙酸乙酯果香9332.34±0.22a0.53±0.08b−−MS/RI
109-60-4乙酸丙酯果香95410.92±0.71b10.19±0.81b−18.51±1.47aMS/RI
110-19-0乙酸异丁酯苹果味,香蕉味100413.52±1.09a6.12±0.20b−−MS/RI
105-54-4丁酸乙酯苹果味10294.66±0.35a1.14±0.05b−−MS/RI
108-64-5异戊酸乙酯果香10621.91±0.11a0.20±0.01b−−MS/RI
123-92-2乙酸异戊酯香蕉味112430.51±1.88a6.93±0.22b−−MS/RI
5205-07-23-甲基-3-丁烯-1-醇乙酸酯果香1202−0.36±0.01−−MS/RI
142-92-7乙酸己酯水果味,愉快气味128033.27±0.37a1.80±0.01b−−MS/RI
3681-71-8乙酸叶醇酯香蕉味132724.13±0.98b28.01±0.82a−−MS/RI
56922-75-9(Z)-己-2-烯基乙酸酯果香13448.63±0.17a1.92±0.01b−−MS/RI
106-32-1辛酸乙酯果香14471.18±0.09a0.18±0.01b−−MS/RI
112-32-3甲酸辛酯果香1569−1.49±0.03−−MS/RI
140-11-4乙酸苄酯清新,煮蔬菜味17407.13±0.03a0.85±0.01b−−MS/RI
101-97-3苯乙酸乙酯果香,甜香1797−0.20±0.01−−MS/RI
103-45-7乙酸苯乙酯玫瑰花香,蜂蜜香18348.91±0.09a3.88±0.07b−−MS/RI
102-76-1三乙酸甘油酯特异气味2087−0.12±0.01−−MS/RI
93-58-3苯甲酸甲酯李子味,香料味,甜香16364.52±0.20−−−MS/RI
623-42-7丁酸甲酯果香,甜香9670.32±0.04−−−MS/RI
110-42-9癸酸甲酯酒香16080.30±0.01−−−MS/RI
123-66-0正己酸乙酯苹果皮味,果香12420.74±0.01−−−MS/RI
111-11-5辛酸甲酯橘子味14011.11±0.23−−−MS/RI
104-57-4甲酸苄酯强烈果味1699−−−0.12±0.01MS/RI
醛类
110-62-3戊醛杏仁,麦芽气味959−3.12±0.04c6.61±0.21b9.71±0.05aMS/RI
66-25-1己醛青草,绿色10791.13±0.02b16.37±1.81a3.35±0.02b4.49±0.18bMS/RI
6728-26-3(E)-2-己烯醛苹果,青草,绿色12266.24±0.22d24.82±1.09a8.95±0.01c11.37±0.36bMS/RI
124-19-6壬醛柑橘味,脂肪为,绿色14052.14±0.02b4.13±0.03a1.21±0.02c0.93±0.05dMS/RI
100-52-7苯甲醛苦杏仁味,花香1534173.78±12.41a84.64±2.58b15.17±0.05c10.29±0.06cMS/RI
124-13-0辛醛脂肪味,柠檬,绿色1299−2.19±0.01−−MS/RI
112-31-2癸醛肥皂,橘子皮,牛脂1511−0.36±0.01−−MS/RI
18829-56-6(E)-2-壬烯醛肥皂,脂肪味,杏仁味1547−0.10±0.01−−MS/RI
557-48-2(E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛黄瓜味,绿色15950.65±0.07−−−MS/RI
34246-54-33-乙基苯甲醛/17210.18±0.03−−−MS/RI
醇类
123-51-3异戊醇轻微酒精气味121561.75±3.99a6.99±0.96b0.53±0.01b0.58±0.01bMS/RI
71-41-01-戊醇香脂味1259−1.08±0.17c2.00±0.14b2.65±0.05aMS/RI
111-27-3正己醇愉快气味,花香,绿色1364258.81±12.68a53.31±1.17b5.51±0.10c7.75±0.13cMS/RI
928-96-1叶醇青草气味139618.31±0.55a10.28±0.4b3.11±0.01c3.82±0.12cMS/RI
928-94-9(Z)-2-已烯-1-醇绿叶,绿色气味141822.1±0.68a5.48±0.18b4.91±0.74b−MS/RI
104-76-72-乙基己醇玫瑰花香,绿色气味1502−1.09±0.06a0.39±0.02b−MS/RI
100-51-6苯甲醇甜香,花香1892145.24±1.16a0.32±0.08b0.54±0.01b0.63±0.01bMS/RI
60-12-8苯乙醇蜂蜜香,玫瑰花香192928.49±0.73a3.52±0.34b1.51±0.01c1.47±0.03cMS/RI
64-17-5乙醇甜香908294.61±18.76a58.64±2.77b−−MS/RI
78-83-1异丁醇酒精气味,苦味109310.93±0.71a2.30±0.30b−0.24±0.03cMS/RI
584-02-13-戊醇水果1110−0.56±0.09−−MS/RI
3293-47-8二氢-β-紫罗兰醇琥珀木香味1984−0.12±0.01−−MS/RI
143-08-81-壬醇脂肪味,绿色气味16752.27±0.16−−−MS/RI
111-87-51-辛醇金属味,燃烧气味15691.82±0.01−−−MS/RI
543-49-72-庚醇蘑菇味13302.77±0.13−−−MS/RI
10340-23-5(Z)-3-壬烯-1-醇蘑菇味16995.70±0.03−−−MS/RI
928-95-0(E)-2-己烯-1-醇绿色,绿叶气味1418−−−5.33±0.22MS/RI
29957-43-53,7-二甲基辛-1,5,7-三烯-3-醇发霉气味1621−−−0.12±0.01MS/RI
酮类
110-93-0甲基庚烯酮胡椒,蘑菇,橡胶1348−1.49±0.04a0.70±0.06c0.87±0.04bMS/RI
4906-24-53-乙酰氧基-2-丁酮辛辣、甜腻,奶油味139014.62±0.54a12.43±0.30b13.53±0.14ab7.22±0.05cMS/RI
14309-57-03-壬烯-2-酮果味,辛辣味,甘草气味1524−−1.03±0.01a0.89±0.02bMS/RI
1125-21-9茶香酮发霉木香味1705−−0.84±0.01b1.33±0.08aMS/RI
23726-93-4大马士酮蒸煮味,苹果,玫瑰味1842−−0.16±0.01−MS/RI
17283-81-7β-二氢紫罗兰酮花香,泥土味1853−−0.05±0.01−MS/RI
18402-83-0(3E)-3-壬烯-2-酮/1524−0.41±0.01−−MS/RI
27593-23-36-戊基-2H-吡喃-2-酮椰子味2214−−−0.29±0.03MS/RI
酸类
64-19-7乙酸酸味146563.46±0.05a−14.56±0.02b10.76±0.01cMS/RI
107-92-6丁酸酸臭,奶酪,汗味1668−−1.34±0.02a1.42±0.06aMS/RI
503-74-2异戊酸酸败味169018.27±0.40b−39.56±0.38a7.62±0.04cMS/RI
呋喃类MS/RI
3208-16-02-乙基呋喃坚果味928−−0.7±0.07−MS/RI
3777-69-32-戊基呋喃青豆,黄油味12391.37±0.05c0.98±0.01d2.28±0.09a1.69±0.01bMS/RI
498-60-23-糠醛1473−−11.91±0.21−MS/RI
98-01-1糠醛烤面包味,甜香1473−−−10.08±0.43MS/RI
其他类
108-95-2苯酚酚味20190.51±0.11a0.34±0.02ab0.15±0.01b0.13±0.01bMS/RI
123-07-9对乙基苯酚酚味,香料2192−0.53±0.04a0.16±0.01b0.15±0.01bMS/RI
90-05-1愈创木酚烟味,甜香,药草味18760.09±0.01a0.05±0.01b−−MS/RI
2785-89-94-乙基愈创木酚烟熏味20482.91±0.06a0.73±0.06b−−MS/RI
5912-86-7(Z)-2-甲氧基-4-(丙-1-烯基)苯酚/2188−−−0.08±0.01MS/RI
108-88-3甲苯化学试剂,刺激味道1033−−−1.49±0.02MS/RI
1014-60-41, 3-二叔丁基苯/144030.45±0.47c68.84±0.40a17.01±1.20d52.13±0.45bMS/RI
25155-15-1甲基(1-甲基乙基)-苯/1280−−0.24±0.03−MS/RI
91-20-3萘辛辣味17521.07±0.42−−−MS/RI
100-42-5苯乙烯汽油味12641.25±0.02a0.12±0.01b−−MS/RI
36431-72-8茶香螺烷花香,茶香15188.57±0.43a0.56±0.01b0.10±0.01b−MS/RI
275-51-4甘菊蓝芳香1752−−0.38±0.03b0.70±0.03aMS/RI
2471-84-31-亚甲基茚焦油气味1752−0.60±0.01−−MS/RI
85213-22-52-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉爆米花,熟米饭香气13350.21±0.01−−−MS/RI
), ArticleFig(id=1320883735931765215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883727341830565, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Key aroma-active compounds in concentrated peach puree during different processing stages

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中文名称阈值(mg/kg)相对气味活性值
破碎离心浓缩灭菌
γ-癸内酯0.00179−−2.792.36
丁酸乙酯0.0014.661.14−−
异戊酸乙酯0.000119.092.02−−
乙酸异戊酯0.00215.253.47−−
乙酸己酯0.013.330.18−−
乙酸叶醇酯0.0131.862.15−−
己醛0.00240.476.821.401.87
辛醛0.0008−2.74−−
(E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛0.000144.62−−−
正己醇0.0125.885.330.550.77
苯甲醇0.11.450.000.010.01
大马士酮0.000002−−82.12−
异戊酸0.011.83−3.960.76
茶香螺烷0.000242.862.810.52−
2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉0.00012.13−−−
), ArticleFig(id=1320883736003068384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883727341830565, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

浓缩桃浆不同加工阶段关键香气活性成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中文名称阈值(mg/kg)相对气味活性值
破碎离心浓缩灭菌
γ-癸内酯0.00179−−2.792.36
丁酸乙酯0.0014.661.14−−
异戊酸乙酯0.000119.092.02−−
乙酸异戊酯0.00215.253.47−−
乙酸己酯0.013.330.18−−
乙酸叶醇酯0.0131.862.15−−
己醛0.00240.476.821.401.87
辛醛0.0008−2.74−−
(E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛0.000144.62−−−
正己醇0.0125.885.330.550.77
苯甲醇0.11.450.000.010.01
大马士酮0.000002−−82.12−
异戊酸0.011.83−3.960.76
茶香螺烷0.000242.862.810.52−
2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉0.00012.13−−−
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基于挥发性组学结合化学计量学动态解析浓缩桃浆加工过程中的香气演变
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刘格格 , 陈芹芹 , 毕金峰 *
食品工业科技 | 特邀主编专栏 2026,47(13): 1-10
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食品工业科技 |特邀主编专栏 2026 , 47 (13) : 1 -10
基于挥发性组学结合化学计量学动态解析浓缩桃浆加工过程中的香气演变
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刘格格 , 陈芹芹, 毕金峰*
作者信息
  • 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所,农业农村部农产品加工与贮藏重点实验室,北京 100193
通讯作者:
毕金峰(1970−)(ORCID:0000−0001−8664−8788),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:果蔬加工制造与营养科学,E-mail:。
作者简介:

刘格格(1999−)(ORCID:0000−0001−7302−9814),女,博士研究生,研究方向:食品化学与营养,E-mail:

Dynamic Profiling of Aroma in Concentration Peach Puree Processing via Volatilomics and Chemometrics
Gege LIU , Qinqin CHEN, Jinfeng BI*
Affiliations
  • Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing and Storage, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
出版时间: 2026-07-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090002
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不同加工阶段对浓缩桃浆的香气品质产生显著影响,明确各加工阶段香气演变规律对于改善产品品质具有重要意义。本研究以商业化浓缩桃浆4个加工阶段(破碎、离心、浓缩和灭菌)的原料为研究对象,通过风味组学结合化学计量学分析,明确浓缩桃浆关键香气发生转变的关键环节及差异香气活性成分。结果表明:4个阶段桃浆中共检测到89种挥发性成分,包含γ-癸内酯、丁酸乙酯、异戊酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯、乙酸己酯、乙酸叶醇酯、己醛、辛醛、(E,Z)-2, 6-壬二烯醛、正己醇、苯甲醇、大马士酮、异戊酸、茶香螺烷和2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉共15种关键香气活性成分(relative odor activity value,rOAV≥1),其中破碎、离心、浓缩和灭菌后的桃浆分别鉴定出11、8、4和2种关键香气活性成分。结合主成分分析,发现浓缩过程是桃浆产品香气劣变的关键环节,与破碎桃浆相比,浓缩桃浆中果香酯和青香醇的相对含量分别减少了100.00%和97.95%。此外,通过变量重要性投影(variable influence on projection,VIP)分析,筛选出4种区分不同加工阶段桃浆的差异香气活性成分,包括果香的乙酸叶醇酯(VIP:1.16)、青香和花香的正己醇(VIP:2.41)和苯甲醇(VIP:1.82)以及酸败味的异戊酸(VIP:1.93),它们的含量变化是造成浓缩阶段桃浆特征香气丧失的关键因素,因此桃浆连续生产过程中的浓缩阶段是导致关键香气发生不良转变的关键步骤。本研究为桃浆加工企业通过优化浓缩技术生产高保留特征风味的桃浆产品提供了理论支撑。

商业浓缩桃浆  /  气相色谱-串联质谱法  /  相对气味活性值  /  特征香气  /  差异香气活性成分

The aromatic quality of concentrated peach puree was significantly influenced by different processing stages. To improve product quality, it was vital to elucidate the patterns of aroma evolution at each processing stage. Flavoromics combined with chemometrics were used to clarify the stage and differential aroma-active components of peach puree after commercial crushing, centrifugation, concentration and sterilization. A total of 89 volatile components were determined in the peach puree throughout the four stages. Among them, 15 volatiles, with relative odor activity value (rOAV) ≥ 1, were defined as the key aroma-active components: γ-decalactone, ethyl butyrate, ethyl isovalerate, isoamyl acetate, hexyl acetate, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, hexanal, octanal, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, 1-hexanol, benzyl alcohol, damascenone, isovaleric acid, theaspirane, and 2-acetyl-1-pyrrolidine. Specifically, 11, 8, 4 and 2 key aroma-active components were identified in the crushed, centrifuged, concentrated and sterilised peach puree, respectively. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the concentration step was identified as the crucial stage responsible for the changes and deterioration of the aroma quality in peach purees. Compared to the peach puree after crushing, fruity esters and green alcohols in the peach puree after concentration decreased by 100.00% and 97.95%, respectively. In addition, four differential aroma-active compounds were screened out using variable influence on projection (VIP) analyses to distinguish peach puree across processing stages: leaf acetate (fruity, VIP: 1.16), 1-hexanol (green/floral, VIP: 2.41), benzyl alcohol (floral, VIP: 1.82), and isovaleric acid (rancid, VIP: 1.93). The concentration-induced changes in these compounds contributed significantly to the loss of the characteristic peach aroma at the concentration stage. Hence, concentration is the key step inducing undesirable variations in characteristic aroma compounds during the continuous production of peach puree. This study provides a theoretical basis for peach puree processing enterprises to produce products with highly preserved characteristic aromas through the optimization of concentration technologies.

commercial concentrated peach puree  /  gas chromatography-tandem-mass spectrometry  /  relative odor activity value  /  characteristic aroma  /  differential aroma-active components
刘格格, 陈芹芹, 毕金峰. 基于挥发性组学结合化学计量学动态解析浓缩桃浆加工过程中的香气演变. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (13) : 1 -10 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090002
Gege LIU, Qinqin CHEN, Jinfeng BI. Dynamic Profiling of Aroma in Concentration Peach Puree Processing via Volatilomics and Chemometrics[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (13) : 1 -10 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090002
桃子(Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)因其多汁的口感和独特的香气颇受消费者青睐[1],其香气品质直接影响消费者接受度[2]。鲜桃中富含内酯类、酯类等挥发性成分[3],其中γ-癸内酯、乙酸己酯、芳樟醇等是关键香气物质,共同赋予桃果实独特果香与花香属性[4]。桃浆作为鲜桃的主要加工形式,这些关键香气成分的共同作用赋予了其独一无二的感官属性。
然而,桃子作为呼吸跃变型果实,夏季高温高湿条件成熟的果实易受机械损伤,进而由于微生物的污染出现腐败变质现象,造成了鲜桃品质损失[3,5]。而热处理作为传统的浓缩桃浆加工手段,有效降低了桃采后损失率,还解决了货架期较短的问题[6]。热浓缩作为常用的浓缩手段,是影响香气品质的关键环节,产生以“蒸煮味”为主的热异味现象[7],降低了消费者的购买欲。本团队之前的研究表明,鲜桃浆经50 ℃浓缩1 h后,桃浆的酯类显著减少,且产生了1-辛烯-3-酮、异戊酸、1-戊烯-3-酮等异味成分,赋予了浓缩后桃浆“蒸煮味”“酸败味”等引起香气劣变的不愉快属性[6]。此外,热杀菌桃浆对其特征香气变化产生了一定的影响,如产品的色泽[8]、关键香气成分[9]的变化。具体而言,85 ℃、30 min得到的蟠桃汁中醛类和酯类物质明显下降,造成了样品清香和果香属性的减弱,而β-大马士酮和戊醛成为热杀菌样品中主要的优势成分,增强了蟠桃汁中包括“蒸煮味”在内的异味属性比例,进而导致其香气品质的劣变[10]。与鲜蟠桃汁相比,Wang等[11]发现热杀菌蟠桃汁中的关键酯类降低了26.86%,果香属性减弱。目前的研究仅是针对桃浆热加工的某一个环节或模拟加工企业的条件进行关键香气变化的探索,而对于实际生产全链条中香气动态变化规律尚不明确,因此解析桃浆加工过程中关键香气的演变机制,对提升产品质量具有重要意义。
为了追踪浓缩桃浆实际生产全链条过程中关键香气的演变规律,本研究通过顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱联用(headspace-solid microextraction-gas chromatography-tandem-mass spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS/MS)结合相对气味活性值(relative odor activity value,rOAV),明确浓缩桃浆在破碎、离心、浓缩和灭菌阶段的关键香气活性成分,并通过偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least squares discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)下的变量重要性投影(variable importance in projection,VIP),解析不同加工阶段浓缩桃浆关键香气的动态变化规律。本研究结果可为桃浆加工过程香气品质调控提供理论参考。
商用浓缩桃浆 由北京汇源饮料食品集团公司提供,分别从同一批生产线上随机抽取破碎后、离心后、浓缩后和灭菌后的桃浆样品(各2 kg);2-辛醇(色谱纯,≥98%) 德国Sigma-Aldrich公司;氯化钠(NaCl) 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;甲醇(分析纯) 北京广达恒益科技有限公司。
CTC PAL RSI自动进样机械臂 广州智达实验室科技有限公司;TRACE 1310-TSQ9000气相色谱串联质谱联用仪 美国Thermo Fisher公司;DB-WAX(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)极性毛细管柱 美国Agilent公司;三相萃取纤维头(二乙烯基苯/碳分子筛/聚二甲基硅氧烷,DVB/CAR/PDMS,50/30 μm) 美国Supelco公司。
参考团队研究方法[3],称取2.0 g桃浆样品于20 mL洁净无味的顶空玻璃瓶中,并向瓶中加入0.6 g氯化钠,混合均匀。测试前添加5 μL的2-辛醇(25 μg/mL,溶于超纯水中)于顶空瓶中并密封,样品在40 ℃条件下使用DVB/CAR/PDMS萃取头(50/30 μm)萃取30 min后,再平衡40 min,并在250 ℃进样口处解吸5 min,完成香气成分的萃取。
色谱柱:DB-WAX石英毛细柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25 µm);升温程序:40 ℃保持2 min,以3 ℃/min升至150 ℃,再以10 ℃/min升至230 ℃,保持3 min;载气(He,纯度99.999%)流速1.0 mL/min。
电子轰击离子源;电子能量70 eV;传输线温度230 ℃;离子源温度250 ℃;质量扫描范围m/z 35~500。
基于MS数据库和保留指数(retention index,RI)筛选得到挥发性成分。首先,样品离子流图与NIST数据中的峰图信息进行比对,选择相似度大于75%的成分;其次,基于正构烷烃(C7~C40)的峰图计算挥发性成分的实际RI值(式(1)),并通过查阅文献中该成分的理论RI值[1,6],二者差值≤20的成分即为最后鉴定的挥发性成分。同时,挥发性成分的筛选参照已发表的文献中关于桃浆香气嗅闻的相关结果[6,12]。
$ \rm RI=100 \times n +\frac{\text{100}\times({\text{T}}_{\text{i}}-{\text{T}}_{\text{n}})}{{\text{T}}_{\text{n+1}}-{\text{T}}_{\text{n}}} $
式中:n和n+1表示正构烷烃的碳数;Ti表示某组分的实际保留时间;Tn和Tn+1分别表示正构烷烃Cn和Cn+1的实际保留时间,三者关系为:Tn≤Ti≤Tn+1。
采用内标半定量法(2-辛醇)计算桃浆中挥发性成分的相对含量,具体计算参考Liu等[6]的方法,根据被测成分与内标物峰面积的比值,求得各组分的相对含量,具体公式如下:
$ {\text{C}}_{\text{i}}=\frac{{\text{A}}_{\text{i}}\times{\text{C}}_{\text{内标}}}{{\text{A}}_{\text{内标}}} $
式中:C内标和Ci分别为内标物(2-辛醇)和某组分的相对含量,µg/kg;A内标和Ai分别代表内标峰和某组分的峰面积。
采用rOAV法对桃浆中的香气活性成分进行分析,具体参考陈盛相等[13]的方法。气味活性值用来分析挥发性成分对桃浆香气的贡献程度,rOAV≥1的挥发性成分则认为是浓缩桃浆中的香气活性成分,其值越高,表明该成分对样品最终释放的香气贡献作用越大。
$ \text{rOAV=}\frac{\text{C}}{\text{T}} $
式中:$ \mathrm{C} $为某组分的相对含量,µg/kg;$ \mathrm{T} $为该组分的感觉阈值,mg/kg。
基于1.2.5部分筛选出来的香气活性成分(rOAV≥1),分析其含量在浓缩桃浆破碎、离心、浓缩及灭菌阶段的差异,进一步解析关键香气变化最为显著的或鲜桃特征香气损失最为严重的关键阶段。参考之前的方法[1],使用rOAV≥1香气活性成分的相对含量构建PLS-DA模型,并计算每个成分的VIP值,VIP>1的成分定义为差异香气活性成分。
挥发性成分的相对定量结果以均值(Mean)±标准差(SD)的形式呈现,并使用IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0软件对其进行单因素显著性分析(邓肯检验,Duncan test),P<0.05表示显著性差异。采用TBtools v2.210软件Origin Pro 2021软件分别绘制挥发性成分的圆形聚类热图、柱状图与极性坐标图以及香气活性成分的弦图。另外,通过SIMCA 14.1软件绘制PCA得分图,同时VIP得分图由MetaboAnalyst 6.0平台(https://www.metaboanalyst.ca/)绘制得到。所有样品均重复测定3次。
基于HS-SPME-GC-MS/MS技术,在4个阶段桃浆样品中共检测到89种挥发性成分,包括5种内酯类、27种酯类、10种醛类、18种醇类、8种酮类、3种酸类、4种呋喃类和14种其他类,结果见表1。破碎(二级破碎筛网尺寸:1.5 mm和0.6 mm)、离心(3500 r/min)、浓缩(50 ℃,40 min)和灭菌(108~112 ℃,80 s)桃浆中分别检测到52、54、39和38种挥发性成分,基于各成分的相对含量绘制圆形聚类热图。如图1所示,浓缩后的桃浆在挥发性成分组成与灭菌后的桃浆较为相似,而破碎桃浆和离心桃浆的挥发性成分组成与它们之间存在显著性差异,这表明浓缩桃浆加工过程中总体风味的变化与破碎、离心、浓缩及杀菌等关键工艺参数的差异有关[6,11]。
内酯类物质包括γ-己内酯、γ-辛内酯、γ-癸内酯、δ-辛内酯和γ-壬内酯是桃浆中的特征化合物,是桃子味的主要来源物质[1]。γ-己内酯是在所有样品中均检测到的成分,相对含量分布在11.16(离心)~12.89(浓缩) μg/kg范围内。此外,δ-辛内酯和γ-壬内酯作为破碎和离心桃浆的关键酯类物质在浓缩和灭菌后未检测到,而是由γ-辛内酯和γ-癸内酯所代替,这说明浓缩桃浆离心和浓缩过程桃子味变化较为明显,这主要是由于长时间的热浓缩(50 ℃,40 min)影响了饱和脂肪酸的酯化过程。与离心、浓缩和灭菌后的桃浆相比,破碎后的桃浆具有最高浓度的酯类(229.35 μg/kg)、醛类(184.12 μg/kg)、醇类(852.80 μg/kg)和酸类物质(81.73 μg/kg)(图2),说明其具有突出的果香、青香和酸香属性。但是,这些物质的总含量随着离心、浓缩和灭菌过程的进行呈现逐渐降低的趋势,尤其是与破碎后桃浆相比,灭菌后桃浆中的醇类和酯类物质含量急剧降低,之前的研究表明桃子热杀菌后未检测到正己醇、乙酸己酯和乙酸叶醇酯[14],与该结果趋势保持一致。此外,醇类、醛类和酯类成分在离心到浓缩阶段显著降低(P<0.05),说明长时间的热处理(商业条件:50 ℃、40 min)导致浓缩桃浆的果香和青香属性丧失,而浓缩工艺则成为改变浓缩桃浆总体香气的关键环节。酸类物质如乙酸和异戊酸在破碎后的桃浆相对含量较高(表1),分别为63.46 μg/kg和18.27 μg/kg,而这两种物质在离心桃浆中未被检出。但是,随着热处理工艺的不断进行,乙酸、丁酸和异戊酸均在浓缩和灭菌后的桃浆中检出,这可能是由于加热影响了氨基酸尤其是丝氨酸和异亮氨酸的代谢途径,促使这些酸类物质尤其是丁酸和异戊酸的产生[6]。另外,呋喃类物质在浓缩后的桃浆中总含量最高,为14.88 μg/kg,与破碎桃浆之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。而对于浓缩过程出现的3-糠醛和灭菌工艺出现的糠醛,都表明了在浓缩桃浆加工后期,美拉德反应成为影响挥发性成分的重要因素,同时是浓缩桃浆色泽和风味改变的主要原因之一[15]。
为了进一步分析浓缩桃浆热加工过程挥发性成分种类的变化情况,绘制了浓缩桃浆热加工过程挥发性成分种类柱状图,见图3。破碎和离心后的桃浆在挥发性成分种类上较为相似,同时,浓缩和灭菌后的挥发性物质种类相似,这说明了离心到浓缩的过程,是挥发性成分显著变化的阶段,也是影响脂肪酸、氨基酸、碳水化合物等风味前体代谢的重要步骤[6],进而成为桃浆最终产品风味劣变的关键一环。此外,酯类物质是所有成分中种类最多的挥发性物质,在破碎和离心后的桃浆中高达19种,醇类物质次之(12种)。但是经过长时间的热处理后,浓缩的桃浆和灭菌的桃浆中种类最多的挥发性成分为醇类物质。与离心桃浆相比,酯类物质的种类均显著减少了84%。长时间的热处理对醇类物质的种类影响次于酯类物质,其中破碎和离心的桃浆种类最多,为12种,而在后续的浓缩和灭菌环节分别减少了4种和3种。破碎和离心桃浆的优势挥发性香气种类由酯类物质转变为浓缩和灭菌后的醇类物质,这可能与后期桃浆加工产品果香属性的降低具有紧密联系,这与文献中报道的热处理后桃浆的酯类物质减少的趋势保持一致[6,10]。综上,浓缩环节是引起浓缩桃浆总体风味改变的主要环节,尤其是造成了果香酯类成分的显著减少。
rOAV的计算能够进一步分析挥发性成分对浓缩桃浆总体香气的贡献程度,rOAV≥1的成分被定义为香气活性成分,它们对桃浆的总体香气具有突出的贡献作用[12]。数值越大,表明贡献程度越大[16]。而rOAV<1的挥发性成分则对浓缩桃浆的总体香气具有辅助修饰的作用。这些物质的共同作用下形成了浓缩桃浆的最终香气。
基于rOAV≥1,四种桃浆中共筛选出15种香气活性成分(表2),包括内酯类1种(γ-癸内酯)、酯类5种(丁酸乙酯、异戊酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯、乙酸己酯、乙酸叶醇酯)、醛类3种(己醛、辛醛、(E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛)、醇类2种(正己醇、苯甲醇)、酮类1种(大马士酮)、酸类1种(异戊酸)和其他类2种(茶香螺烷、2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉)。破碎、离心、浓缩和灭菌后的桃浆分别鉴定出11、8、4和2种香气活性成分,随着浓缩桃浆热加工的进行,香气活性成分的数量逐渐降低,桃子中的愉快香气属性(如果香)呈现不断减弱的趋势。破碎桃浆中对总体香气具有优势贡献作用的香气活性物质为茶香螺烷(42.86)、正己醇(25.88)、异戊酸乙酯(19.09)和乙酸异戊酯(15.25),该样品的突出香气属性为果香、花香和青香。且该样品中检出2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉,丰富了破碎桃浆的香气属性如糯米香气[17]。离心后的桃浆优势香气属性为青香和花香,主要与己醛(6.82)和正己醇(5.33)的突出贡献有关。同时酯类物质也对离心桃浆的果香起到一定程度的贡献作用,尤其乙酸己酯被证实为桃子中果香和甜香的关键香气成分[18],其在破碎桃浆中贡献作用较大(3.33),在后续的桃浆中对总体香气没有贡献作用或未被检出。离心桃浆经浓缩后,大马士酮代替酯类、醇类等物质,成为此阶段桃浆的优势香气活性成分,其rOAV高达82.12,在所有香气活性成分中占据最高水平,这可能是由于长时间的热处理促使甲羟戊酸代谢途径产物的积累[19]。浓缩桃浆在破碎、离心、浓缩及灭菌过程中特征香气成分逐步损失,其中浓缩阶段损失尤为显著;而大马士酮的生成对总体香气具有一定贡献,已有研究表明,该物质是热处理桃汁产生不良气味(如“蒸煮味”)的关键标志物[10,20]。然而,在浓缩阶段,异戊酸(3.96)的生成增强了浓缩桃浆的酸败味,同时青香属性由于醛类物质的减少而降低,这些现象促使鲜桃的特征香气发生进一步的劣变,这可能是因为长时间的热处理改变了丝氨酸、亚麻酸和亚油酸代谢途径的产物,新生成了具有不良属性的挥发性成分或原有的特征香气成分转变为其他物质[6,21]。团队前期研究成果表明桃浆经热浓缩处理(50 ℃、1 h)后生成的异戊酸、异丁酸是酸败味的主要来源,与本研究结果保持一致[6],证实了浓缩阶段产生的异戊酸是引起桃浆香气劣变的关键香气活性成分。此时,γ-癸内酯作为桃子味的关键成分之一,在浓缩和灭菌阶段对桃浆的总体香气起到重要的贡献作用,尤其成为灭菌桃浆的优势香气活性成分,相比于其它香气成分,浓缩和灭菌处理对其影响较小,由此可能推断热处理对饱和脂肪酸代谢途径的醇酰基转移酶或脂氧合酶的酯化活性影响相对较小[22]。由图4可知,破碎后的桃浆总体香气较为丰富,且香气活性成分的贡献程度较大,而随着离心、浓缩和灭菌的不断进行,关键香气活性成分对浓缩桃浆总体香气的贡献程度减弱,导致桃子的特征香气浓郁度降低。此外,浓缩过程新生成了大马士酮,此时桃浆的总体香气发生了一定程度的转变,这可能是浓缩桃浆产品总体香气与鲜桃存在显著差异的一个重要因素,该结论与挥发性成分的总体变化趋势一致。
热加工工艺参数(如温度)通过调控前体代谢过程,显著影响浓缩桃浆中香气活性成分的种类和含量,进而改变其总体香气特征。因此,对不同桃浆中香气活性成分的相对含量进行PCA,明确香气活性成分在破碎、离心、浓缩和灭菌四个环节的变化情况,见图5。主成分1和主成分2的贡献率分别为67.20%和26.60%,累计贡献率占总体信息的93.80%,能够代表4个加工阶段桃浆样品香气特征的基本信息[24]。由图5可知,4个阶段后的桃浆之间没有发生重合,这说明基于rOAV≥1筛选的香气活性成分能够较好地区分破碎、离心、浓缩和灭菌后的桃浆。另外,4个桃浆在图中分为三组:破碎桃浆为第1组,位于第2象限;离心桃浆为第2组,位于第4象限;浓缩和灭菌桃浆为第3组,位于第1象限,它们之间的香气活性成分特征存在显著性差异(P<0.05),而浓缩桃浆和灭菌桃浆由于距离较近,在香气特征上具有相似性,与挥发性成分结果一致。这说明,破碎到离心、离心到浓缩的过程是浓缩桃浆样品关键香气改变的重要步骤,是食品企业改善其香气品质的关键突破点。
由图5可知,破碎、离心、浓缩和灭菌后的桃浆在香气活性成分上存在显著性差异,而具体引起差异的关键成分尚不明确。因此,基于浓缩桃浆不同加工阶段的GC-MS/MS数据构建PLS-DA模型(图6A),其中R2Y=0.997,Q2=0.996,接近1.0,说明该模型稳定性和预测能力较好。此外,该模型经过200次置换后,R2=0.0467,Q2=−0.424,Q2与Y轴的交点为负值(图6B),说明该模型未发生过拟合现象。分析各个香气成分的VIP值,能够得到对不同桃浆关键香气差异具有贡献作用的成分。如图6C所示,通过VIP>1,筛选得到正己醇、异戊酸、苯甲醇和乙酸叶醇酯是造成4个阶段香气属性存在差异的关键因子,它们的相对含量变化是区分破碎、离心、浓缩和灭菌桃浆的重要因素。正己醇和苯甲醇在4个桃浆样品中均被检出,它们是浓缩桃浆中青香和花香的主要贡献者。其中,正己醇对破碎(rOAV=25.88)与离心阶段(rOAV=5.33)桃浆的关键香气具有显著贡献,但在浓缩(rOAV=0.55)及灭菌阶段(rOAV=0.77)对其青香或花香特征贡献减弱[25]。这主要归因于热处理通过影响亚麻酸和亚油酸的脂氧合酶途径[26],改变了己醛与正己醇的相互转化。另外,以NADPH为辅助因子,苯乙醛还原酶可以将苯甲醛还原为苯甲醇[27],进而对破碎后的桃浆香气产生一定的贡献作用。桃浆在浓缩与灭菌过程中出现的花香与果香减弱现象[28−29],可归因于热处理对莽草酸代谢途径的影响,该过程改变了其关键风味产物的构成,其可能与热处理改变了莽草酸代谢途径的产物有关[30]。低浓度的乙酸叶醇酯作为果香的贡献者[30−31],主要通过脂肪酸氧化降解产生[32],其在破碎(rOAV=1.86)和离心(rOAV=2.15)后桃浆中鉴定为关键香气的贡献者,但浓缩和灭菌桃浆未检出该物质,这表明果香属性是引起浓缩桃浆热加工过程关键香气变化的另一重要因素。而浓缩后桃浆中异戊酸的生成是其关键香气劣变的标志物之一,赋予桃浆不愉快的气味,影响了其香气品质。综上,果香的乙酸叶醇酯、花香或青香的正己醇和苯甲醇与酸败味的异戊酸是标志4个阶段桃浆关键香气变化的主要因子。因此,在浓缩桃浆连续生产过程中,监测关键特征酯类、醇类及具有不良气味属性的成分的动态变化,可作为后续桃浆加工工艺优化进而调控香气品质的有效策略。
基于风味组学结合多元数据统计分析对商业化加工过程中破碎、离心、浓缩和灭菌后的桃浆样品的关键香气成分进行动态追踪。结果表明,4个样品中共检出89种挥发性成分,其中15种物质鉴定为香气活性成分(rOAV≥1),包括内酯类1种、酯类5种、醛类3种、醇类2种、酮类1种、酸类1种和其他类2种。此外,浓缩是引起桃浆关键香气如果香、花香属性减弱的关键步骤,通过监测果香的乙酸叶醇酯、花香的正己醇和苯甲醇与酸败味的异戊酸水平的变化,成为不断优化浓缩工艺、精准控制香气品质的有效策略。通过工艺调控以保留特征香气酯类、醇类并抑制不良香气成分的生成,是提升桃浆产品风味品质的关键。本研究仅针对一条桃浆生产线进行连续取样进行关键香气的分析,为实现香气品质的精准控制,后续工作可进一步开展香气调控的生产验证,通过实证研究明确桃浆不同加工阶段的调控关键点,从而构建有效的定向调控策略,为高品质桃浆产品的产业化提供核心技术支持。

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2026年第47卷第13期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090002
  • 接收时间:2025-09-01
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-07-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-01
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    中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所,农业农村部农产品加工与贮藏重点实验室,北京 100193

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毕金峰(1970−)(ORCID:0000−0001−8664−8788),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:果蔬加工制造与营养科学,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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