Article(id=1320883698602455040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320881884691808691, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080325, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1756656000000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852814578, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1782835200000, pubDateStr=2026-07-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852814578, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852814578, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852814578, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320881884691808691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='13', pageStart='1', pageEnd='522', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782835200000', pubDateStr='2026-07-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852382109, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852382109, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=21, endPage=33, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320883699281932290, articleId=1320883698602455040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Comprehensive Evaluation of in Vitro Adsorption Capacity and Digestive Properties of Different Mango Powders, columnId=1261336279195726298, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Papers Invited by Guest Editors, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to investigate the in vitro bile salt adsorption capacity and digestive properties of mango powders from different parts to explore their health potential. Powders from the peel, sarcocarp, and kernel of four mango cultivars ('Tainong' 'Jinhuang' 'Xiangya' 'Guiqi') were prepared. Their dietary fiber content, particle morphology, in vitro adsorption capacities for water, oil, cholesterol, and bile salts, along with in vitro digestibility, were studied, followed by correlation and principal component analysis. The results showed that the total dietary fiber content of mango powders ranged from 42.97 to 83.75 g/100 g, with insoluble dietary fiber accounting for over 84%. The kernel powder of 'Tainong' had the highest insoluble dietary fiber content, reaching 81.26 g/100 g. Within the same cultivar, peel powders exhibited good dispersion and the highest water absorption capacity. Among different cultivars, 'Xiangya' powders showed a uniform and concentrated particle size distribution. The 'Xiangya' peel powder had the significantly highest water absorption capacity (3.28 g/g, P < 0.05), while the 'Xiangya' kernel powder also exhibited the significantly highest oil absorption and bile salt adsorption capacities (P<0.05). The in vitro digestibility and estimated glycemic index (eGI) of peel and kernel powders were lower than those of sarcocarp powders across all four cultivars. After 180 minutes of in vitro digestion, the digestibility and eGI of peel and kernel powders were only 6.08%~37.77% and 43.05~60.45, respectively, with the order of in vitro digestibility and eGI for peel and kernel powders being 'Xiangya'>'Guiqi'>'Jinhuang'>'Tainong'. Correlation and principal component analyses indicated that the insoluble dietary fiber content in mango powders, particularly in peel and kernel powders, influenced their in vitro bile salt adsorption capacity and digestive properties. Among the four cultivars, 'Xiangya' mango powder demonstrated superior adsorption capacity and digestive characteristics, ranking first in the comprehensive evaluation of indicators across different parts, while 'Tainong' had the lowest overall score. These findings suggest the potential application of mango powders with varied functional properties in the food industry, thereby expanding the utilization of mango and its by-products.

, authors=Fangyang HU1, 2, 3, Dexiang ZHANG1, 2, 3, Shuyu FENG2, Caihua LIU1, 2, 3, Zhengjie ZHU1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=Fangyang HU, Dexiang ZHANG, Shuyu FENG, Caihua LIU, Zhengjie ZHU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhengjie ZHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320883703828557849, articleId=1320883698602455040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=芒果粉体外吸附能力与消化特性综合评价, columnId=1261336280563069408, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=特邀主编专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探讨不同部位芒果粉体外吸附胆酸盐能力与消化特性,挖掘芒果粉健康潜力。以‘台农’ ‘金煌’ ‘象牙’和‘桂七’芒果为原料分别制备果皮、果肉和果核粉,研究不同部位芒果粉膳食纤维含量、颗粒形态、体外吸附水分、油脂、胆固醇及胆酸盐能力与体外消化特性,并进行相关性与主成分分析。结果表明,芒果粉总膳食纤维含量为42.97~83.75 g/100 g,不溶性膳食纤维占比84%以上,‘台农’核粉的不溶性膳食纤维最高可达81.26 g/100 g。同一品种中芒果皮粉粉体分散,吸水能力相对最高;不同品种中‘象牙’粉粒径分布均匀集中,‘象牙’皮粉的吸水能力显著最高为3.28 g/g(P<0.05),‘象牙’核粉的吸油能力、胆酸盐吸附能力也显著最高(P<0.05)。4种芒果中果皮与果核粉体外消化率与eGI均较果肉粉低。体外消化180 min后,果皮与果核中的消化率和eGI仅为6.08%~37.77%和43.05~60.45;果皮与果核粉体外消化率和eGI均为象牙>桂七>金煌>台农。相关性分析和主成分分析结果表明芒果粉尤其果皮与果核粉中不溶性膳食纤维含量影响其体外吸附胆酸盐能力和消化特性,4个品种中‘象牙’芒果粉具有较好的吸附能力和消化特性,各部位指标综合评分排名第1,而‘台农’综合评分最低。可将芒果粉不同性质特性应用至食品行业中,拓展芒果及其副产物的利用。

, authors=胡方洋1, 2, 3, 张得祥1, 2, 3, 冯淑玉2, 刘彩华1, 2, 3, 朱正杰1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=胡方洋, 张得祥, 冯淑玉, 刘彩华, 朱正杰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=朱正杰, authorNote=

胡方洋(1996−),女,硕士,工程师,研究方向:亚热带果蔬资源综合利用,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
朱正杰(1983−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:土壤环境质量、芒果资源开发利用,E-mail:。
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Zhengzhou: Henan University of Technology, 2024.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320883721922785457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=53, rfOrder=69, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LU Jing. Study on the nutrition and eating quality of γ-aminobutyric acid-rich germinationed highland barley rice[D]. 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注:图中不同小写字母表示差异性显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=2pdWL6E575N0qjJjk6UH3A==, figureFileBig=fLFy27wlKo9x89ctgO8qVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883708249354318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Particle size distribution of mango powder from different parts, figureFileSmall=wHdIV09qwn6fEhp9NJqfKg==, figureFileBig=aY8J+/AFYyHGVYLkY2GNAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883708316463183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同部位芒果粉的粒径分布, figureFileSmall=wHdIV09qwn6fEhp9NJqfKg==, figureFileBig=aY8J+/AFYyHGVYLkY2GNAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883708404543568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=SEM image of mango powder from different parts (1000×), figureFileSmall=YEY2aSGsOV8rkgnfRLyk/g==, figureFileBig=VBawCjRIM8HDPSZ+x4GaAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883708475846737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同部位芒果粉SEM图(1000×), figureFileSmall=YEY2aSGsOV8rkgnfRLyk/g==, figureFileBig=VBawCjRIM8HDPSZ+x4GaAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883708542955602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Water absorption capacity and oil absorption capacity of mango powder from different parts, figureFileSmall=grfzA9R53ntLcHchNv48hg==, figureFileBig=vvsv8wUK19URvQq7Y3z/UA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883708614258771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同部位芒果粉吸水与吸油能力

注:图中不同小写字母表示差异性显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=grfzA9R53ntLcHchNv48hg==, figureFileBig=vvsv8wUK19URvQq7Y3z/UA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883708706533460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Cholesterol adsorption capacity of mango powder from different parts, figureFileSmall=N1qIsY12yMfzaV/NGPZdUQ==, figureFileBig=EBKb4VeiTw9Tw09Q91F/dQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883708773642325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同部位芒果粉胆固醇吸附能力

注:图中不同小写字母表示同部位芒果品种间差异性显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=N1qIsY12yMfzaV/NGPZdUQ==, figureFileBig=EBKb4VeiTw9Tw09Q91F/dQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883708840751190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Adsorption capacity of sodium cholate and sodium taurocholate in mango powder from different parts, figureFileSmall=vR6i6TVJ97uRLlm9kjPohg==, figureFileBig=O/3+K3lxDn6HmBJak0w7NQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883708912054359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同部位芒果粉胆酸钠与牛磺胆酸钠吸附能力

注:图中同指标间不同小写字母表示同部位芒果品种间差异性显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=vR6i6TVJ97uRLlm9kjPohg==, figureFileBig=O/3+K3lxDn6HmBJak0w7NQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883708983357528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=In vitro digestibility of mango powder from different parts, figureFileSmall=imIHEVYEY/58vIuX8LVq2w==, figureFileBig=tkQBM6gT/ixU455pmlyVAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883709067243609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同部位芒果粉体外消化率

注:图中不同小写字母表示差异性显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=imIHEVYEY/58vIuX8LVq2w==, figureFileBig=tkQBM6gT/ixU455pmlyVAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883709146935386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=eGI of mango powder from different parts after in vitro digestion, figureFileSmall=/rZra6joyxvGlnIaA7olsA==, figureFileBig=wBGM+MpIlblFXNHMbx8CkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883709218238555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, language=CN, label=图8, caption=体外消化后不同部位芒果粉eGI

注:图中不同小写字母表示差异性显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=/rZra6joyxvGlnIaA7olsA==, figureFileBig=wBGM+MpIlblFXNHMbx8CkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883709297930332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Correlation among the measurement indicators of mango powder from different parts, figureFileSmall=GBo/4pau+l32KY0Bl4qQMw==, figureFileBig=JCWVC1UWfV33UFpmXqwpmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883710971457629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同部位芒果粉测定指标间的相关性

注:A为芒果粉指标整体相关性,B、C、D分别为果皮、果肉、果核粉指标相关性。

, figureFileSmall=GBo/4pau+l32KY0Bl4qQMw==, figureFileBig=JCWVC1UWfV33UFpmXqwpmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883711063732318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Screen plot for the PCA of mango powder, figureFileSmall=vjxJV4YWA0Vbv0vzTEDbbg==, figureFileBig=t4YfCa/mhRc04PzJeVtVdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883711143424095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, language=CN, label=图10, caption=主成分分析碎石图, figureFileSmall=vjxJV4YWA0Vbv0vzTEDbbg==, figureFileBig=t4YfCa/mhRc04PzJeVtVdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883711206338656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Principal component comprehensive score of mango powder from different parts, figureFileSmall=3W2TuiL/ALrl47/CVwR3fQ==, figureFileBig=4S3U3O6pigXvFG9N35qd9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883711281836129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同部位芒果粉主成分综合得分, figureFileSmall=3W2TuiL/ALrl47/CVwR3fQ==, figureFileBig=4S3U3O6pigXvFG9N35qd9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883711369916514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Particle size parameters of mango powder from different parts

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
部位样品D10(μm)D50(μm)D90(μm)D[4,3](μm)D[3,2](μm)S(m2/kg)SPAN
果皮TN-P3.48±0.00d19.01±0.00d60.19±0.00d26.61±0.00d7.37±0.00d301.70±0.00a2.98±0.00b
JH-P6.11±0.01b38.12±0.14a131.30±0.35a56.37±0.22a12.94±0.04b171.70±0.46c3.29±0.00a
XY-P7.09±0.06a37.34±0.30b115.13±1.58b51.42±0.52b14.96±0.50a146.87±2.11d2.90±0.02d
GQ-P5.40±0.07c28.93±0.55c90.03±2.23c40.06±0.82c11.49±0.12c193.40±2.00b2.92±0.02c
果肉TN-S4.97±0.08b30.93±0.90b106.40±4.00b45.72±1.61b10.47±0.14b212.20±2.80a3.29±0.04b
JH-S13.50±1.18a106.87±11.84a419.80±48.27a168.97±17.82a27.70±2.30a80.61±7.02c3.80±0.02a
XY-S4.75±0.08b25.07±2.85b70.90±2.21b32.09±0.86b10.17±0.16b218.43±3.31a2.79±0.02d
GQ-S6.00±0.07b33.50±0.68b107.67±2.55b47.35±1.05b12.83±0.12b173.13±1.56b3.04±0.02c
果核TN-K3.50±0.32c27.52±9.03b113.70±53.10b46.19±19.76b7.17±0.39c311.20±16.90b3.78±0.68b
JH-K3.13±0.01d14.40±0.07c40.85±0.32c18.88±0.12c6.65±0.02d334.67±1.31a2.62±0.01c
XY-K5.24±0.04a30.99±0.57b102.83±2.87b44.64±1.09b11.08±0.06a200.50±1.10d3.15±0.04bc
GQ-K4.57±0.13b44.37±1.90a204.70±10.60a80.63±4.02a8.87±0.18b250.65±5.05c4.51±0.04a
), ArticleFig(id=1320883711432831075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同部位芒果粉粒径参数

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部位样品D10(μm)D50(μm)D90(μm)D[4,3](μm)D[3,2](μm)S(m2/kg)SPAN
果皮TN-P3.48±0.00d19.01±0.00d60.19±0.00d26.61±0.00d7.37±0.00d301.70±0.00a2.98±0.00b
JH-P6.11±0.01b38.12±0.14a131.30±0.35a56.37±0.22a12.94±0.04b171.70±0.46c3.29±0.00a
XY-P7.09±0.06a37.34±0.30b115.13±1.58b51.42±0.52b14.96±0.50a146.87±2.11d2.90±0.02d
GQ-P5.40±0.07c28.93±0.55c90.03±2.23c40.06±0.82c11.49±0.12c193.40±2.00b2.92±0.02c
果肉TN-S4.97±0.08b30.93±0.90b106.40±4.00b45.72±1.61b10.47±0.14b212.20±2.80a3.29±0.04b
JH-S13.50±1.18a106.87±11.84a419.80±48.27a168.97±17.82a27.70±2.30a80.61±7.02c3.80±0.02a
XY-S4.75±0.08b25.07±2.85b70.90±2.21b32.09±0.86b10.17±0.16b218.43±3.31a2.79±0.02d
GQ-S6.00±0.07b33.50±0.68b107.67±2.55b47.35±1.05b12.83±0.12b173.13±1.56b3.04±0.02c
果核TN-K3.50±0.32c27.52±9.03b113.70±53.10b46.19±19.76b7.17±0.39c311.20±16.90b3.78±0.68b
JH-K3.13±0.01d14.40±0.07c40.85±0.32c18.88±0.12c6.65±0.02d334.67±1.31a2.62±0.01c
XY-K5.24±0.04a30.99±0.57b102.83±2.87b44.64±1.09b11.08±0.06a200.50±1.10d3.15±0.04bc
GQ-K4.57±0.13b44.37±1.90a204.70±10.60a80.63±4.02a8.87±0.18b250.65±5.05c4.51±0.04a
), ArticleFig(id=1320883711520911460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Eigenvalues and variance contribution rates of principal component factor analysis of mango powder from different parts

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部位成分初始特征值
特征值方差贡献率(%)累计方差贡献率(%)
果皮PC17.9260.9160.91
PC23.3926.0486.95
果肉PC16.2448.0248.02
PC25.3741.3089.32
PC31.179.0198.33
果核PC17.4157.0157.01
PC24.2732.8789.87
PC31.068.1698.03
), ArticleFig(id=1320883711613186149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同部位芒果粉主成分因子分析特征值与方差贡献率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
部位成分初始特征值
特征值方差贡献率(%)累计方差贡献率(%)
果皮PC17.9260.9160.91
PC23.3926.0486.95
果肉PC16.2448.0248.02
PC25.3741.3089.32
PC31.179.0198.33
果核PC17.4157.0157.01
PC24.2732.8789.87
PC31.068.1698.03
), ArticleFig(id=1320883711688683622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Load matrix of principal components of mango powder from different parts

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指标编号果皮果肉果核
PC1PC2PC1PC2PC3PC1PC2PC3
IDFX1−0.970−−0.7720.278−0.564−0.952−0.1550.262
SDFX20.838−0.5330.672−0.712−0.1940.8020.571−0.145
D[4,3]X30.7740.6200.2590.927−0.2670.2090.9250.285
D[3,2]X40.9430.2990.3440.915−0.2050.9770.1700.119
SX5−0.962−0.261−0.353−0.933−−0.942−0.298−0.150
SPANX6−0.1330.856−0.1490.959−0.235−0.9010.411
WACX70.908−0.215−0.7010.560.3330.749−0.641−
OACX80.896−0.430.5940.6360.938−0.1590.127
CACX90.4440.1440.978−0.153−0.7580.497−0.403
SCACX10−0.2050.961−0.8160.5470.170−−0.958−0.104
STACX110.2070.899−0.9340.1820.2780.444−0.7250.517
180 min HIX120.984−0.9190.388−0.938−−0.335
180 min eGIX130.984−0.9190.388−0.938−−0.335
), ArticleFig(id=1320883711780958311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同部位芒果粉主成分载荷矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标编号果皮果肉果核
PC1PC2PC1PC2PC3PC1PC2PC3
IDFX1−0.970−−0.7720.278−0.564−0.952−0.1550.262
SDFX20.838−0.5330.672−0.712−0.1940.8020.571−0.145
D[4,3]X30.7740.6200.2590.927−0.2670.2090.9250.285
D[3,2]X40.9430.2990.3440.915−0.2050.9770.1700.119
SX5−0.962−0.261−0.353−0.933−−0.942−0.298−0.150
SPANX6−0.1330.856−0.1490.959−0.235−0.9010.411
WACX70.908−0.215−0.7010.560.3330.749−0.641−
OACX80.896−0.430.5940.6360.938−0.1590.127
CACX90.4440.1440.978−0.153−0.7580.497−0.403
SCACX10−0.2050.961−0.8160.5470.170−−0.958−0.104
STACX110.2070.899−0.9340.1820.2780.444−0.7250.517
180 min HIX120.984−0.9190.388−0.938−−0.335
180 min eGIX130.984−0.9190.388−0.938−−0.335
), ArticleFig(id=1320883711860650088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Principal component score coefficient matrix of mango powder from different parts

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标编号果皮果肉果核
PC1PC2PC1PC2PC3PC1PC2PC3
IDFX1−0.1210.03−0.0690.178−0.462−0.2230.0880.146
SDFX20.100−0.161−0.208−0.032−0.110.1780.052−0.117
D[4,3]X30.1040.179−0.0550.245−0.143−0.0440.3240.114
D[3,2]X40.1220.084−0.0460.228−0.0920.0790.0980.126
SX5−0.124−0.073−0.011−0.183−0.03−0.068−0.138−0.132
SPANX6−0.0080.2530.0120.223−0.152−0.1240.3770.192
AWCX70.112−0.0670.248−0.0350.2040.041−0.0990.154
AOCX80.113−0.0170.205−0.0690.5150.0560.0350.166
CACX90.0580.041−0.077−0.0030.1890.088−0.097−0.389
SACX10−0.0160.2850.2070.0050.076−0.001−0.2420.032
STACX110.0360.2650.231−0.0930.133−0.180.1030.476
180 min HIX120.123−0.032−0.0880.1020.0940.246−0.14−0.19
180 min eGIX130.123−0.032−0.0880.1020.0940.246−0.14−0.19
), ArticleFig(id=1320883711944536169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同部位芒果粉主成分得分系数矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标编号果皮果肉果核
PC1PC2PC1PC2PC3PC1PC2PC3
IDFX1−0.1210.03−0.0690.178−0.462−0.2230.0880.146
SDFX20.100−0.161−0.208−0.032−0.110.1780.052−0.117
D[4,3]X30.1040.179−0.0550.245−0.143−0.0440.3240.114
D[3,2]X40.1220.084−0.0460.228−0.0920.0790.0980.126
SX5−0.124−0.073−0.011−0.183−0.03−0.068−0.138−0.132
SPANX6−0.0080.2530.0120.223−0.152−0.1240.3770.192
AWCX70.112−0.0670.248−0.0350.2040.041−0.0990.154
AOCX80.113−0.0170.205−0.0690.5150.0560.0350.166
CACX90.0580.041−0.077−0.0030.1890.088−0.097−0.389
SACX10−0.0160.2850.2070.0050.076−0.001−0.2420.032
STACX110.0360.2650.231−0.0930.133−0.180.1030.476
180 min HIX120.123−0.032−0.0880.1020.0940.246−0.14−0.19
180 min eGIX130.123−0.032−0.0880.1020.0940.246−0.14−0.19
), ArticleFig(id=1320883712028422250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Principal component score and comprehensive ranking of mango powder from different parts

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
部位样品F1F2F3F排名
果皮TN-P−4.375−0.713−−3.2784
JH-P0.2662.661−0.9832
XY-P2.8540.207−2.0611
GQ-P1.255−2.154−0.2343
果肉TN-S−4.025−0.3210.101−2.0914
JH-S1.397−0.576−0.5150.3933
XY-S2.0210.058−0.0301.0091
GQ-S0.6070.8380.4440.6892
果核TN-K−2.269−0.049−1.549−1.4644
JH-K−2.0090.205−2.123−1.2763
XY-K4.217−0.073−3.0832.1711
GQ-K0.061−0.084−3.146−0.2542
), ArticleFig(id=1320883712095531115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883698602455040, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同部位芒果粉的主成分得分与综合排序

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
部位样品F1F2F3F排名
果皮TN-P−4.375−0.713−−3.2784
JH-P0.2662.661−0.9832
XY-P2.8540.207−2.0611
GQ-P1.255−2.154−0.2343
果肉TN-S−4.025−0.3210.101−2.0914
JH-S1.397−0.576−0.5150.3933
XY-S2.0210.058−0.0301.0091
GQ-S0.6070.8380.4440.6892
果核TN-K−2.269−0.049−1.549−1.4644
JH-K−2.0090.205−2.123−1.2763
XY-K4.217−0.073−3.0832.1711
GQ-K0.061−0.084−3.146−0.2542
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芒果粉体外吸附能力与消化特性综合评价
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胡方洋 1, 2, 3 , 张得祥 1, 2, 3 , 冯淑玉 2 , 刘彩华 1, 2, 3 , 朱正杰 1, 2, 3, *
食品工业科技 | 特邀主编专栏 2026,47(13): 21-33
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食品工业科技 |特邀主编专栏 2026 , 47 (13) : 21 -33
芒果粉体外吸附能力与消化特性综合评价
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胡方洋1, 2, 3 , 张得祥1, 2, 3, 冯淑玉2, 刘彩华1, 2, 3, 朱正杰1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1广西芒果生物学重点实验室,广西百色 533000
  • 2百色学院农业与食品工程学院亚热带特色农产品保鲜及综合利用广西高校工程研究中心,广西百色 533000
  • 3亚热带特色农业产业学院,广西百色 533000
通讯作者:
朱正杰(1983−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:土壤环境质量、芒果资源开发利用,E-mail:。
作者简介:

胡方洋(1996−),女,硕士,工程师,研究方向:亚热带果蔬资源综合利用,E-mail:

Comprehensive Evaluation of in Vitro Adsorption Capacity and Digestive Properties of Different Mango Powders
Fangyang HU1, 2, 3 , Dexiang ZHANG1, 2, 3, Shuyu FENG2, Caihua LIU1, 2, 3, Zhengjie ZHU1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Mango, Baise 533000, China
  • 2University Engineering Research Center for Preservation and Comprehensive Utilization of Subtropical Characteristic Agricultural Products in Guangxi, College of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Baise University, Baise 533000, China
  • 3Industrial College of Subtropical Characteristic Agriculture, Baise 533000, China
出版时间: 2026-07-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080325
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为探讨不同部位芒果粉体外吸附胆酸盐能力与消化特性,挖掘芒果粉健康潜力。以‘台农’ ‘金煌’ ‘象牙’和‘桂七’芒果为原料分别制备果皮、果肉和果核粉,研究不同部位芒果粉膳食纤维含量、颗粒形态、体外吸附水分、油脂、胆固醇及胆酸盐能力与体外消化特性,并进行相关性与主成分分析。结果表明,芒果粉总膳食纤维含量为42.97~83.75 g/100 g,不溶性膳食纤维占比84%以上,‘台农’核粉的不溶性膳食纤维最高可达81.26 g/100 g。同一品种中芒果皮粉粉体分散,吸水能力相对最高;不同品种中‘象牙’粉粒径分布均匀集中,‘象牙’皮粉的吸水能力显著最高为3.28 g/g(P<0.05),‘象牙’核粉的吸油能力、胆酸盐吸附能力也显著最高(P<0.05)。4种芒果中果皮与果核粉体外消化率与eGI均较果肉粉低。体外消化180 min后,果皮与果核中的消化率和eGI仅为6.08%~37.77%和43.05~60.45;果皮与果核粉体外消化率和eGI均为象牙>桂七>金煌>台农。相关性分析和主成分分析结果表明芒果粉尤其果皮与果核粉中不溶性膳食纤维含量影响其体外吸附胆酸盐能力和消化特性,4个品种中‘象牙’芒果粉具有较好的吸附能力和消化特性,各部位指标综合评分排名第1,而‘台农’综合评分最低。可将芒果粉不同性质特性应用至食品行业中,拓展芒果及其副产物的利用。

芒果粉  /  膳食纤维  /  胆酸盐吸附能力  /  体外消化

This study aimed to investigate the in vitro bile salt adsorption capacity and digestive properties of mango powders from different parts to explore their health potential. Powders from the peel, sarcocarp, and kernel of four mango cultivars ('Tainong' 'Jinhuang' 'Xiangya' 'Guiqi') were prepared. Their dietary fiber content, particle morphology, in vitro adsorption capacities for water, oil, cholesterol, and bile salts, along with in vitro digestibility, were studied, followed by correlation and principal component analysis. The results showed that the total dietary fiber content of mango powders ranged from 42.97 to 83.75 g/100 g, with insoluble dietary fiber accounting for over 84%. The kernel powder of 'Tainong' had the highest insoluble dietary fiber content, reaching 81.26 g/100 g. Within the same cultivar, peel powders exhibited good dispersion and the highest water absorption capacity. Among different cultivars, 'Xiangya' powders showed a uniform and concentrated particle size distribution. The 'Xiangya' peel powder had the significantly highest water absorption capacity (3.28 g/g, P < 0.05), while the 'Xiangya' kernel powder also exhibited the significantly highest oil absorption and bile salt adsorption capacities (P<0.05). The in vitro digestibility and estimated glycemic index (eGI) of peel and kernel powders were lower than those of sarcocarp powders across all four cultivars. After 180 minutes of in vitro digestion, the digestibility and eGI of peel and kernel powders were only 6.08%~37.77% and 43.05~60.45, respectively, with the order of in vitro digestibility and eGI for peel and kernel powders being 'Xiangya'>'Guiqi'>'Jinhuang'>'Tainong'. Correlation and principal component analyses indicated that the insoluble dietary fiber content in mango powders, particularly in peel and kernel powders, influenced their in vitro bile salt adsorption capacity and digestive properties. Among the four cultivars, 'Xiangya' mango powder demonstrated superior adsorption capacity and digestive characteristics, ranking first in the comprehensive evaluation of indicators across different parts, while 'Tainong' had the lowest overall score. These findings suggest the potential application of mango powders with varied functional properties in the food industry, thereby expanding the utilization of mango and its by-products.

mango powder  /  dietary fiber  /  bile salts adsorption capacity  /  in vitro digestibility
胡方洋, 张得祥, 冯淑玉, 刘彩华, 朱正杰. 芒果粉体外吸附能力与消化特性综合评价. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (13) : 21 -33 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080325
Fangyang HU, Dexiang ZHANG, Shuyu FENG, Caihua LIU, Zhengjie ZHU. Comprehensive Evaluation of in Vitro Adsorption Capacity and Digestive Properties of Different Mango Powders[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (13) : 21 -33 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080325
芒果(Mangifera indica L.)又名杧果,是漆树科芒果属的热带亚热带常绿果树,具有抗旱耐瘠、速生易长、适应性广泛的特点,与香蕉、柑桔、苹果和葡萄并称为世界五大水果,芒果因其较高的营养价值和独特风味而被称为“热带水果之王”[1−2]。芒果属于呼吸跃变型果实且采收期高温高湿[3−4],采后芒果果实呼吸代谢旺盛,极易发生腐烂变质造成鲜果保质期短。为减少芒果采后因储藏不当造成的资源浪费问题,除鲜食外应不断积极探索芒果精深加工途径。芒果粉是新鲜芒果经干燥脱水、粉碎等工艺制成,具有体积小、水分含量低、运输方便等优势,广泛应用于果汁饮料、面包和冰淇淋等食品加工中赋予食品更为丰富的口感与营养[5]。
目前,对芒果粉的研究主要集中于芒果粉的制备及其粉体特性,且主要以芒果果肉为主。如李丹彤[6]研究了芒果成熟度对其制粉效果的影响发现,低成熟度的芒果果实糖分含量最低,营养成分含量最高,采用真空结合超低温粉碎后得到的芒果粉品质最好。沈乔眉等[7]研究普通粉碎、球磨粉碎和振动粉碎工艺对芒果粉理化性质与结构性质影响发现,不同制粉工艺未破坏芒果粉组成分子的主要结构,但球磨粉碎2 h和振动粉碎7 min处理有效延缓芒果粉吸湿,增加了溶解性和持油性。而芒果皮与芒果核作为芒果加工剩余物,分别占鲜果的15%~20%[8]和30%~45%[9],因含有丰富营养物质如膳食纤维、矿物质、酚类化合物等活性成分而具有抗氧化、促进肠道健康、抗菌消炎等生理功能[2]。目前芒果皮与芒果核多是直接丢弃或用于堆肥和制作饲料,加工利用不足且附加值低。也有少量研究芒果皮添加对芒果粉及产品性质的影响,如许佳林等[10]在芒果果肉超微粉中添加8%~24%芒果皮发现,随着果皮添加的增大,芒果超微粉D50逐渐升高,粒径分布更均匀,且芒果超微粉中的总酚、总黄酮、抗坏血酸等活性成分含量升高。进一步比较芒果香精、市售冻干粉和含果皮超微粉对冰淇淋营养与品质影响发现,含果皮超微粉不仅提高了冰淇淋总酚、总黄酮等活性成分含量和抗氧化能力,且在风味上与添加冻干芒果粉的冰淇淋无明显差异,明显优于香精组[11]。这表明芒果皮粉具有开发功能性食品的潜力。
胆汁酸是胆汁的主要成分,具有促进脂质消化吸收、抑制胆汁中胆固醇析出和调节糖和脂类代谢的功能[12]。大多数胆汁酸会与钠离子或钾离子结合生成胆酸盐如胆酸钠、牛黄胆酸钠等形式存在[13]。研究表明,膳食纤维可吸附胆酸盐减少其重吸收,进而迫使肝脏利用更多的胆固醇合成新的胆汁酸以达到降脂的目的[14]。芒果粉中含有丰富膳食纤维[15],但不同品种与不同部位间芒果粉膳食纤维含量差异如何鲜有报道,直接利用芒果粉能否吸附胆酸盐尚不清楚。此外,食品生物利用率受其消化特性影响,探究芒果果皮与果核粉的消化特性,对充分利用芒果资源、拓展芒果及其副产物的加工利用具有重要意义。
故本文以‘台农’(Tainong,TN)、‘金煌’(Jinhuang,JH)、‘象牙’(Xiangya,XY)和‘桂七’(Guiqi,GQ)芒为原料,分别研究果皮粉、果肉粉与果核粉中膳食纤维含量,体外吸附水分、油脂、胆固醇以及胆酸盐等的能力与体外消化特性,并对测定指标进行综合分析,探究芒果粉体外吸附与消化特性,为芒果粉在食品中的加工与应用提供理论支持。
芒果(TN、JH、XY、GQ) 七成熟,百色市售;SGF人工胃液(模拟液,无菌)、人工唾液(人造唾液唾沫中性)、SIF人工肠液(模拟液,无菌)、牛磺胆酸钠 分析纯,合肥博美生物科技有限责任公司;CLS胆固醇标准品、葡萄糖含量试剂盒 南京建成生物工程研究所有限公司;磷酸缓冲溶液、硫酸、氢氧化钠、邻苯二甲醛、冰乙酸 分析纯,西陇科学股份有限公司。
DHG-9030电热鼓风干燥箱 南京盈鑫实验仪器有限公司;JA2003电子精密分析天平 武汉美睿仪器有限公司;PHS-3C pH计 上海精科仪器有限公司;QL-861振荡器 海门市其林贝尔仪器制造有限公司;HL-6KS小型离心机 上海希言科学仪器有限公司;TMR-100全自动多功能酶标仪 上海测博生物科技发展中心;HH-4数显恒温水浴锅 国华电器有限公司;BT-9300SE激光粒度分析仪 丹东百特仪器有限公司。
以TN为例,取新鲜无明显病害的六至七成熟芒果,将果皮、果肉、果核分离,分别置于电热鼓风干燥箱(70 ℃)中干燥至恒重,粉碎,过60目筛后,得到TN果皮粉、TN果肉粉和TN果核粉,分别记为TN-P、TN-S和TN-K,密封保存备用。同理制得不同品种、不同部位的芒果粉JH-P、JH-S、JH-K,XY-P、XY-S、XY-K和GQ-P、GQ-S、GQ-H。
参照GB 5009.88-2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中膳食纤维的测定》[16]的方法,测定芒果粉中的不溶性膳食纤维(Insoluble Dietary Fiber,IDF)和可溶性膳食纤维(Soluble Dietary Fiber,SDF),含量按下式计算:
$ \operatorname{IDF}(\mathrm{g} / 100 \;\mathrm{g})=\frac{\mathrm{m}_{\text {沉淀 }}}{\mathrm{m}_{\text {样 }}} \times 100$
$\rm {SDF}(g / 100\; g)=\frac{m_{\text {醇沉 }}}{m_{\text {样 }}} \times 100 $
式中:m沉淀为酶解后离心沉淀干燥后质量,g;m样为样品质量,g;m醇沉为酶解后离心上清液醇沉后沉淀干燥质量,g。
采用激光粒度分析仪,以水为介质测定样品粒径。测定参数:超声时间1 min,折射率1.53,转速1600 r/min。3次平行。
取适量样品分散在导电胶上,喷金后置于8.0 kV加速电场1000倍下观察样品的SEM颗粒形态。
参照Ma等[17]的方法,样品按质量比分别与蒸馏水和大豆油以1:10混合均匀后,37 ℃水浴吸附2 h,4000 r/min离心10 min,弃上层液取沉淀称重,按下式计算样品体外吸水能力(Water Absorbing Capacity,WAC)与吸油能力(Oil Absorbing Capacity,OAC):
$\rm W A C(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{g})=\frac{m_{\text {水沉淀 }}- m_{\text {样 }}}{m_{\text {样 }}} $
$\rm O A C(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{g})=\frac{m_{\text {油沉淀 }} -m_{\text {样 }}}{m_{\text {样 }}} $
式中:m水沉淀与m油沉淀分别为离心后弃上层水、油后的沉淀质量,g;m样为样品质量,g。
参考Li等[18]的方法,取新鲜鸡蛋蛋黄,加入9倍体积蒸馏水,搅成乳液状。取25 g稀释后的蛋黄液加入1.0 g芒果粉样品,调节pH7.0后37 ℃水浴2 h,于4000 r/min下离心20 min后取上清液,用胆固醇试剂盒测定上清液中胆固醇的含量。体外吸附胆固醇能力(Cholesterol Absorbing Capacity,CAC)按下式计算:
$\rm C A C(\mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{g})=(C_{0}-C) \times \frac{v}{m} $
式中:C0为空白组上清液胆固醇浓度,mg/mL;C为芒果粉吸附后上清液胆固醇浓度,mg/mL;v为吸附后上清液体积,mL;m为芒果粉质量,g。
参照于美汇等[19]的方法。以0.1 mol/L pH6.3磷酸盐缓冲溶液分别配制0.3 mmol/L和1 mmol/L胆酸钠(Sodium Cholate,SC)和牛磺胆酸钠(Sodium Taurocholate,ST)标准溶液,绘制胆酸钠和牛磺胆酸钠标准曲线的回归方程分别为y=0.0466x+0.0001,R2=0.9994和y=14.3762x+0.0076,R2=0.9993。取样品0.1 g,以0.1 mol/L NaOH调pH6.3后依次加入0.1 mol/L人工胃液和5 mL人工肠液,37 ℃振荡消化1 h。消化后,加入4 mL胆酸盐溶液在37 ℃振荡吸收1 h,吸附后样液移至离心管内,4000 r/min离心20 min,取上清液测定胆酸盐含量,3次平行。体外吸附胆酸钠能力(Sodium Cholate Absorbing Capacity,SCAC)和牛磺胆酸钠能力(Sodium Taurocholate Absorbing Capacity,STAC)按下式计算:
$\rm S C A C(\mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{g})=\frac{m_{S C}-C_{S C} \times V_{S C}}{m_{\text {样 }}} $
$\rm S T A C(\mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{g})=\frac{m_{S T}-C_{S T} \times V_{S T}}{m_{\text {样 }}} $
式中:mSC与mST分别为样品中加入胆酸钠与牛磺胆酸钠的质量,mg;CSC与CST分别为上清液中胆酸钠与牛磺胆酸钠的浓度,mg/mL;VSC与VST分别为吸附胆酸钠与牛磺胆酸钠后上清液体积,mL;m样为样品质量,g。
参照文献的方法[20]修改,取0.1 g芒果粉与蒸馏水进行1:1漩涡混合后加入1 mL无菌人工唾液,37 ℃匀浆20 s后加入5 mL无菌人工胃液,37 ℃振荡水浴30 min,用0.02 mol/L NaOH来中和样液终止胃消化,随后加入25 mL 0.2 mol/L的醋酸钠缓冲溶液后摇匀,加入5 mL含有胰蛋白酶(6 μg/g)的无菌人工肠液继续在37 ℃振荡水浴至3 h模拟肠道消化,分别在0、10、30、60、90、120、180 min时吸取4 mL消化液沸水浴灭酶停止消化。4000 r/min离心10 min后用葡萄糖试剂盒测定上清液中的葡萄糖含量,参照Goñi等[21]的方法计算芒果粉估计血糖生成指数(Estimated Glycemic Index,eGI):
$ \rm H I(\text{%})=\frac{G_{t}}{G_{0}} \times 100 $
$\rm e G I=39.71+0.549 H I $
式中:HI为芒果粉消化率,%;Gt为消化t时刻样品中葡萄糖含量,mmol/L;G0为消化前样品中相当于葡萄糖含量,mmol/L。
采用Excel2019对实验数据进行统计处理,采用IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0进行单因素方差分析和主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA),Origin 2020Pro绘图,相关性分析运用软件Origin 2020Pro中的Correlation Plot应用插件进行。所有数据均进行3次平行,实验数据以平均值±标准差形式体现。
不同部位芒果粉膳食纤维含量及可溶性膳食纤维与不溶性膳食纤维含量占比见图1。图1中,芒果皮、肉、核的IDF含量分别为51.26~70.25、37.87~62.27、65.08~81.26 g/100 g,SDF含量分别为5.50~9.96、3.57~8.25、2.48~3.70 g/100 g。芒果粉可作为膳食纤维丰富来源,在TN、JH、XY和GQ中IDF占总膳食纤维84%以上,SDF占比3%~16%,且果皮与果核中IDF含量高于果肉,这与前期研究结果一致[22]。与其他品种相比,同一部位下TN-P、TN-S、TN-K的IDF含量均显著最高(P<0.05),SDF含量最低,其次是JH-P、JH-S、JH-K。这可能与不同品种芒果成熟时间[23]、成熟度[24]以及产地[25]等综合影响有关。
TN、JH、XY和GQ芒果粉的粒径分布如图2所示。从图2中可看出芒果粉粒径呈单一分布峰,芒果皮、肉、核粉的粒径范围分别为0.27~344.00、0.42~896.10、0.24~896.10 μm,果皮粉粒径分布较集中。芒果粉具体粒径分布参数见表1,不同品种芒果粉的粒径大小存在差异,同一品种不同部位粒径也不同。对于D10、D50和D90,果皮粉中分别为3.48~7.09、19.01~38.12、60.19~131.30 μm,其中JH-P与XY-P的D10、D50和D90均较大,TN-P显著最小(P<0.05);果肉粉中D10、D50和D90分别为4.75~13.50、25.07~106.87、70.90~419.80 μm,JH-S显著最高(P<0.05),XY-S最小,但与TN-S和GQ-S无明显差异;而果核粉中D10、D50和D90分别为3.13~5.24、14.40~44.37、40.85~204.70 μm,4个品种中JH-K的D10、D50和D90均最小(P<0.05)。这表明芒果粉粒径不仅受品种影响还与果实部位有关。体积平均粒径D[4,3]大小主要受大粒子影响,表面积平均粒径D[3,2]大小主要受小粒子影响[6],故有表1中芒果粉D[4,3]大小变化与D50、D90一致,D[3,2]与D10一致的结果。粒径越大,比表面积S越小[22,26],在果实不同部位中TN-P、XY-S、JH-K的S最大分别为301.70、218.43、334.67 m2/kg。SPAN为粉体离散度,SPAN越小则芒果粉分散越均匀[27]。表1中同一部位不同品种间SPAN差异显著,XY-P、XY-S和XY-K在不同部位间相对最小(P<0.05),XY芒果粉粒径分布均匀;同一芒果品种中SPAN整体上为果核>果肉>果皮,芒果皮粉分布更均匀集中,与图2粒径分布一致。这可能是芒果肉粉与芒果核粉中含有小分子糖类物质如蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖等易吸收水分使芒果粉聚集导致分散性较芒果皮差[28−30]。
对不同部位芒果粉进行SEM观察如图3所示。其中图3A~图3C分别为果皮粉、果肉粉、果核粉颗粒形态。从图3A中可知,不同品种芒果皮粉相对分散,芒果粉颗粒表面褶皱呈不规则形状,纤维破碎[11],其中TN-P与GQ-P颗粒形态较分散。图3B中芒果肉粉颗粒为圆形或椭圆形,颗粒形态完整,颗粒之间由于含有糖类物质相互粘连成大小不一的块状[31–32]。这可能是导致图2中芒果肉粉粒径范围分布较宽、粒径较大的原因。图3C中,芒果核粉颗粒形态除破碎纤维和完整圆形或椭圆形颗粒外,还有长条棒状纤维。这可能与图1中芒果核粉膳食纤维含量最高有关,尤其IDF占比95%以上。不同品种间,同一部位芒果粉颗粒形态类似。
WAC与OAC可反映芒果粉受外力作用下吸附水与油脂的能力[33],具体见图4。从图4中可知,芒果皮、肉、核粉的WAC与OHC分别为2.18~3.28、1.05~1.62、1.46~2.48 g/g与0.87~1.35、1.27~1.58、1.02~1.74 g/g。4个芒果品种中,WAC为果皮粉>果核粉>果肉粉,而OAC则与WAC刚好相反为果肉粉>果核粉>果皮粉。这可能与果皮与果核中含有更高含量的膳食纤维有关(图1),膳食纤维具有大量的亲水基团可捕获更多水分[34];且果皮与果核粉颗粒相对分散(图2)、果皮粉颗粒表面褶皱(图3)而暴露出更多的水结合位点,利于水分的保留[35]。同一部位中,不同品种芒果粉间WAC与OAC变化趋势类似,果皮粉中TN-P的WAC与OAC相对最低(P<0.05),XY-P的WAC最高,OAC与GQ-P、JH-P无显著差异(P>0.05);果肉粉中XY-S的WAC与OAC均相对最低(P<0.05);而果核粉中XY-K则是最高(P<0.05)。
体内胆固醇含量过高可能导致高脂血症,造成动脉粥样硬化、静脉血栓、胆石症等[36]。CAC是反映样品体外降血脂能力重要指标,从图5中可知芒果粉在pH7(模拟肠道环境)条件下的CAC为5.62~7.21 mg/g。这表明芒果粉具有吸附胆固醇的能力,可降低机体胆固醇含量进而减少相关并发症的发生[37]。芒果粉CAC可能与其含有膳食纤维有关,膳食纤维可减少过量供给的胆固醇在小肠中的吸收和利用,膳食纤维对胆固醇吸附能力越强,机体对胆固醇的吸收越少,进而降低血胆固醇水平[38–39]。其中TN-P、JH-P、XY-P、GQ-P的CAC无明显差异,TN-S显著低于JH-S、XY-S和GQ-S,TN-K与XY-K明显低于JH-K和GQ-K。除膳食纤维外,CAC可能还受芒果粉颗粒形态与分散程度等的影响。图3B中TN-S颗粒分散未聚集成块状减少了胆固醇束缚在芒果粉间的吸附,且图3C中TN-K与XY-K颗粒中长条棒状IDF破裂成碎片导致IDF多孔基质结构破坏[40]而影响胆固醇吸附。
SC与ST是以肝内胆固醇为原料转变生成的胆汁酸与钠离子的结合物,是胆汁酸的主要存在形式[41]。芒果粉在体外模拟胃肠环境下对SC和ST吸附能力如图6所示。从图6可知芒果粉对SC与ST有明显吸附,芒果粉SCAC为0.84~10.63 mg/g,STAC为3.83~20.80 mg/g,其中JH-P、TN-S、XY-K的SCAC与STAC在不同部位中分别最高,SCAC分别为8.09、9.19、10.63 mg/g,STAC分别为17.46、16.19、20.80 mg/g,而GQ-P、XY-S和GQ-K则最低,芒果粉SCAC与STAC趋势相似,且STAC优于SCAC。芒果粉胆酸盐吸附能力可能与其含有丰富的膳食纤维有关,膳食纤维中的纤维素和果胶等物质可通过疏水相互作用和亲水相互作用结合胆酸盐形成复合物[42–43]。小肠中约95%以上的胆酸盐会经重吸收回血液并循环至肝脏[44],芒果粉对胆酸盐吸附含量越高,在小肠中与胆酸盐结合成复合物后重吸收率降低,阻碍其循环返回肝脏,进而促进肝脏或血液中胆固醇降解生成更多的胆汁酸,达到降脂的目的。另一方面,芒果粉中的多糖物质与水分结合后黏度增加[45]可能束缚了更多的胆酸盐,这与图4中TN-S与XY-K的WAC最高的结果一致。此外,芒果粉IDF与SDF占比,颗粒形态与结构等也会影响胆酸盐吸附能力[46−48]。
芒果粉体外模拟消化情况如图7所示。从图7中可知,在180 min内随着消化时间的延长,芒果粉消化后葡萄糖含量显著升高(P<0.05),在0~30 min时葡萄糖含量升高较快,30~120 min葡萄糖含量逐渐增加接近最高值,120~180 min趋于平缓。TN、JH、XY、GQ芒果粉HI与葡萄糖含量变化趋势一致,HI从0 min时的0.67%~42.49%到180 min时仅升高至6.08~53.29%,消化程度较低。食物消化后会引起餐后血糖升高,血糖升高速度与能力可用血糖生成指数(GI)反映。当GI值低于55时可将该食物称为低GI食物,处于55~75间称为中GI食物,而高于75则是高GI食物[49]。高GI食物在胃肠中消化快、吸收率高,长期食用高GI食物会增加肥胖、糖尿病、高脂血症等一系列代谢疾病的发生[50]。
模拟体外消化的GI值可用eGI表示。TN、JH、XY、GQ芒果粉体外消化后的eGI值见图8。图8中,芒果粉eGI在0~180 min的变化趋势与图7中葡萄糖含量和HI一致,eGI与消化后葡萄糖含量和HI有关。在180 min时,芒果粉eGI达到最大值,不同品种下除XY外,果皮与果核粉的eGI值低于55;其余除JH-S的eGI值为75.26略高于75外,均在55~75间。这表明芒果粉可作为中低GI食物原料,尤其果皮与果核。在果皮与果核粉中,不同品种间芒果粉消化后葡萄糖含量、HI与eGI均为XY>GQ>JH>TN,这与图1中SDF含量趋势一致。同一品种的不同部位中,芒果粉消化后葡萄糖含量、HI与eGI均为果肉>果皮>果核,这与图1中IDF结果一致。IDF不能被人体消化吸收,也不参与糖代谢而无法提供葡萄糖[51]而导致果皮与果核粉中消化后产生葡萄糖含量低。这表明芒果粉消化受品种与果实部位的影响,且与其膳食纤维含量与种类有关。
对芒果粉膳食纤维含量、粒径、吸附能力和消化特性13个指标进行相关性分析,结果如图9所示。由图9A可知,芒果粉中IDF与SDF含量、D[3,2]、OAC、180 min HI、180 min eGI呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与S、SCAC、STAC呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);SDF与S、SPAN呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与SCAC、STAC呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与WAC呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。这表明芒果粉中膳食纤维含量影响其颗粒粒径、吸附能力和消化特性,且IDF与SDF对芒果粉指标的作用相反。芒果粉吸附能力与消化特性除与膳食纤维含量有关外,还与颗粒粒径有关,D[4,3]、D[3,2]越大S越小(P<0.01),OAC与WAC越强(P<0.05),HI与eGI越高(P<0.01)。从图9B~图9D中可知,同一部位芒果粉不同指标之间存在不同的相关性,不同部位间指标相关性也不同。但不论果皮、果肉还是果核中,芒果粉吸附能力与消化特性都与芒果粉中膳食纤维含量和粒径有关,尤其是IDF含量。且IDF含量对芒果粉的影响在果皮粉与果核粉中更明显,果皮与果核中IDF含量与SDF含量、D[3,2]、OAC、180 min HI、180 min eGI的相关系数为−0.99~−0.83,为极显著负相关(P<0.01)。
PCA是一种将多个指标进行降维处理后得到少数保留绝大部分原始信息的主成分(Principal Component,PC)的降维算法,与单一指标评价相比更加全面准确,目前已广泛用于评价果蔬、谷物、茶叶等食品品质[52]。由于芒果粉不同指标之间存在单位与大小的差异会影响结果,利用特征提取思维对芒果粉13个指标进行标准化处理后进行主成分分析,主成分分析碎石图如图10所示。并对特征值>1且累积方差贡献率较大的主成分进行提取见表2。由图10和表2可知,不同部位芒果粉特征值与方差贡献率不同,其中芒果皮粉前2个主成分特征值分别为7.92和3.39,均大于1,且PC1与PC2的方差贡献率分别为60.91%、26.04%,累积方差贡献率86.95%;芒果肉粉与芒果核粉前3个主成分特征值分别为6.24、5.37、1.17与7.41、4.27、1.06,PC1、PC2、PC3的方差贡献率分别为48.02%、41.30%、9.01%与57.01%、32.87%、8.16%,累积方差贡献率分别达到了98.33%和98.03%。说明提取的主成分可以解释芒果粉大部分的原始标量信息。不同部位芒果粉累积贡献率差异与其提取的主成分数量有关,此外每个主成分与变量之间的关系也可能影响贡献率的不同。
主成分与变量之间的相关系数可用载荷表示,载荷绝对值越大主成分与相应变量之间的关系越密切,负值表示负的作用方向[53]。芒果粉主成分载荷矩阵见表3,结合表2与表3可知,芒果皮粉中决定PC1的指标包括IDF与SDF含量、D[4,3]、D[3,2]、S、WAC、OAC、180 min HI和180 min eGI,PC2主要与D[4,3]、SPAN、SCAC和STAC有关;芒果肉粉PC1与IDF和SDF含量、WAC、CAC、SCAC、STAC、180 min HI和180 min eGI有关,PC2与SDF含量和粒径有关,PC3主要与OAC有关;芒果核粉PC1与IDF和SDF含量、D[3,2]、S、WAC、OAC、CAC、180 min HI和180 min eGI有关,PC2主要与D[4,3]和SPAN、SCAC和STAC有关,PC3主要与STAC有关。这说明果皮、果肉、果核提取的主成分均包含了大部分指标信息,且PC1与膳食纤维含量和消化特性相关性高,尤其消化特性载荷为0.919以上。这与图9中相关性分析结果类似。在果皮与果核中,PC2主要代表了芒果粉粒径大小、粉体分散度和胆酸盐吸附能力,果肉粉中PC2则主要代表果肉粉粒径大小与分布。
根据主成分分析结果得到芒果粉主成分得分系数矩阵如表4。根据主成分得分矩阵及其对应的主成分载荷、特征值可得到主成分与各指标对应的得分关系式。用F1、F2、F3分别表示PC1、PC2、PC3得分,X1~X13分别代表芒果粉13个指标,分别得到芒果皮粉主成分得分表达式:
F1=−0.35X1+0.30X2+0.28X3+0.34X4−0.34X5−0.05X6+0.32X7+0.32X8+0.16X9−0.07X10+0.07X11+0.35X12+0.35X13
F2=−0.29X2+0.34X3+0.16X4−0.14X5+0.47X6−0.117X7+0.08 X9+0.52X10+0.49X11
芒果肉粉主成分得分表达式:
F1=−0.31X1+0.27X2+0.10X3+0.14X4−0.14X5−0.06X6−0.28X7+0.17X8+0.39X9−0.33X10−0.37X11+0.37X12+0.37X13
F2=0.12X1−0.31X2+0.40X3+0.40X4−0.40X5+0.41X6+0.24X7+0.26X8+0.24X10+0.08X11+0.17X12+0.17X13
F3=−052X1−0.18X2−0.25X3−0.19X4−0.22X6+0.31X7+0.59X8+0.14X9+0.16X10+0.26X11
芒果核粉主成分得分表达式:
F1=−0.35X1+0.29X2+0.08X3+0.36X4−0.35X5+0.28X7+0.34X8−0.28X9+0.16X11+0.34X12+0.34 X13
F2=−0.07X1+0.28X2+0.45X3+0.08X4−0.14X5+0.44X6−0.31X7−0.08X8+0.24X9−0.46X10−0.35X11
F3=0.25X1−0.14X2+0.28X3+0.12X4−0.15X5+0.40X6+0.12X8−0.39X9−0.1X10+0.5X11−0.33X12−0.33X13
根据PC1、PC2、PC3的方差贡献率权重,定义F为各指标的综合得分,建立芒果皮、肉、核粉的综合评分方程分别为F果皮=(60.91F1+26.04F2)/86.95、F果肉=(48.02F1+41.30F2+9.01F3)/98.327、F果核=(57.01F1+32.87F2+8.16F3)/98.03。
根据综合评分模型可计算出不同品种芒果粉指标的综合得分及排序见表5和图11。从表5中可知,在果皮和果核中F1均有XY>GQ>JH>TN,F1为PC1得分,而PC1与芒果粉消化性高度相关(表3),这与图7、图8中消化特性结果一致。果皮与果核PC2主要代表芒果粉粒径分布和胆酸盐吸附能力,表5中不同品种芒果粉F2有JH最大,GQ最小的结果。这与图6中胆酸盐吸附(尤其STAC)结果一致。结合表5和图11中可知,在TN、JH、XY、GQ这4个芒果品种不同部位的12个样品中,JH-P、XY-P、GQ-P、JH-S、XY-S、GQ-S和XY-K的综合评分F为正值,表明这7个样品的测定指标的综合品质较好,而TN-P、TN-S、TN-K、JH-K、GQ-K的综合评分F为负值则表明测定指标的综合品质较差。在果皮、果肉和果核中,XY-P、XY-S和XY-K的综合排名均为第1,TN-P、TN-S、TN-K的综合排名均为第4。这说明XY胆酸盐吸附能力和消化性综合品质较好,而TN较差。可根据不同芒果品种性质将其应用至不同产品中,如TN消化率与eGI值低可用于低糖产品的开发,XY、JH等胆酸盐吸附能力强可用于开发低脂产品等。
对TN、JH、XY、GQ芒果果皮、果肉和果核分别制粉,研究其膳食纤维含量、粒径分布、吸水吸油能力、吸附胆固醇和胆酸盐能力以及体外消化特性发现,4种芒果粉膳食纤维含量为42.97~83.75 g/100 g,其中IDF占比高于84%,芒果核中IDF含量最高可达81.26 g/100 g,SDF在芒果皮中含量较高为5.50~9.96 g/100 g。4个品种中TN各部位的IDF含量最高,SDF最低;XY各部位中SDF含量最高。芒果粉具有一定的胆酸盐吸附能力,不同部位对胆酸盐吸附能力不同,但均有STAC高于SCAC的结果,STAC吸附最高可达20.80 mg/g。芒果粉经体外消化后,除XY-P、XY-H外,果皮与果核的eGI小于55。相关性与主成分分析表明IDF与SDF含量、组织部位、品种等影响芒果粉体外吸附胆酸盐能力与消化特性。芒果不同部位中IDF含量越高,SDF含量越低,粉碎后越易形成粒径小、比表面积大的粉体颗粒,有利于与其他物质接触而具有较好的吸附能力,但HI与eGI降低。不同品种下,XY各部位芒果粉吸附性与体外消化特性综合评分最高,TN各部位综合评分最低。可根据实际加工中的不同需求,利用芒果皮核资源开发适宜的健康潜力产品,实现皮核资源的高值化利用。

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2026年第47卷第13期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080325
  • 接收时间:2025-09-01
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-07-01
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    1广西芒果生物学重点实验室,广西百色 533000
    2百色学院农业与食品工程学院亚热带特色农产品保鲜及综合利用广西高校工程研究中心,广西百色 533000
    3亚热带特色农业产业学院,广西百色 533000

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朱正杰(1983−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:土壤环境质量、芒果资源开发利用,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
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种数
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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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