Article(id=1320883689643425941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883558764359808, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743609600000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852812443, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1776182400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852812443, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852812443, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852812443, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883558764359808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1776182400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852781239, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852781239, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=68, endPage=76, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320883689827975318, articleId=1320883689643425941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Physicochemical Properties of β-Conglycinin-Auricularia auricula Polysaccharide Complexes, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To promote the development and utilization of β-conglycinin (7S) in the food industry, this study employed β-conglycinin and Auricularia auricula polysaccharide (AAP) as raw materials to prepare 7S-AAP non-covalent and covalent complexes via physical mixing and glycosylation reactions. The generation of 7S-AAP non-covalent/covalent complexes was verified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of the 7S-AAP non-covalent and covalent complexes were evaluated by assessing their solubility, surface hydrophobicity, emulsifying capacity, foaming capacity, and antioxidant activity. Results demonstrated that there was no significant difference in molecular composition between the 7S-AAP non-covalent complex and the native 7S protein. In contrast, the covalent complex formed a soluble macromolecular structure through the reaction of carbonyl and amino groups, confirming the occurrence of glycosylation and the successful synthesis of 7S-AAP non-covalent and covalent complexes. When the AAP concentration was 1%, the 7S-AAP covalent complex had the highest solubility (69.26%±2.98%), foaming capacity (149.00%±5.57%), foam stability (88.06%±2.59%), emulsifying activity (81.05±1.00 m2/g), emulsifying stability (64.53±0.50 min), DPPH radical scavenging rate (45.83%±1.99%), and ABTS+ radical scavenging rate (50.77%±1.44%). Compared with the 7S group, the surface hydrophobicity of the 7S-AAP covalent complex was significantly reduced (P<0.05). This study revealed that the physicochemical properties of 7S-AAP complexes improved with increasing AAP concentration, and the covalent complex outperformed the non-covalent complex in terms of functional properties. These findings provide theoretical support for the processing of 7S protein and the application of protein-polysaccharide systems in the food industry.

, authors=Qiang ZHANG1, 2, Ying ZHANG1, 2, Bo LÜ1, 2, Zhaohui WANG1, 2, Hansong YU1, 2, *, authorsList=Qiang ZHANG, Ying ZHANG, Bo LÜ, Zhaohui WANG, Hansong YU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hansong YU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320883693216972965, articleId=1320883689643425941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=β-伴大豆球蛋白-黑木耳多糖复合物的理化性质, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为促进β-伴大豆球蛋白(β-conglycinin,7S)在食品工业中的开发与利用,本研究以β-伴大豆球蛋白和黑木耳多糖(Auricularia auricula polysaccharide,AAP)为原料,物理混合和糖基化反应制备7S-AAP非共价/共价复合物,通过十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)验证7S-AAP非共价/共价复合物的生成,测定7S-AAP非共价/共价复合物的溶解性、表面疏水性、乳化性、起泡性及抗氧化性,评价复合物的理化性质。结果表明,7S-AAP非共价复合物与7S在分子组成上无显著差异,共价复合物通过羰基和氨基的结合形成可溶性大分子复合物,证实了糖基化反应的发生,7S-AAP非共价/共价复合物制备成功。当AAP质量浓度为1%时,7S-AAP共价复合物具有最高的溶解性(69.26%±2.98%)、起泡性(149.00%±5.57%)和泡沫稳定性(88.06%±2.59%)、乳化性(81.05±1.00 m2/g)和乳化稳定性(64.53±0.50 min)、DPPH自由基清除率(45.83%±1.99%)和ABTS+自由基清除率(50.77%±1.44%),与7S组相比,7S-AAP共价复合物的表面疏水性显著降低(P<0.05)。本研究结果表明,7S-AAP复合物的理化性质会随着AAP浓度的增大而增强,而共价复合物的作用效果优于非共价复合物。研究结果为7S蛋白的加工及蛋白-多糖体系在食品工业中的应用提供了理论支持。

, authors=张蔷1, 2, 张莹1, 2, 吕博1, 2, 王朝辉1, 2, 于寒松1, 2, *, authorsList=张蔷, 张莹, 吕博, 王朝辉, 于寒松, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=于寒松, authorNote=

张蔷(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:大豆精深加工及副产物的综合利用,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
于寒松(1979−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:大豆精深加工及副产物的综合利用,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=xxfMUPd9pn5ap818pGGwgg==, magXml=a0PcmnSgkEBGb2JpKI9UWA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Gx4a8Cf+YhSOwU5KGiLjaw==, pdfFileSize=1542332, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=OnmO6GZovMLKK4VkdYYFCw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=LKt8pfe1m2qmQuSh3VEKog==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320883693883867309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883689643425941, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhangqiang201220@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320883693997113520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883689643425941, authorId=1320883693883867309, language=EN, stringName=Qiang ZHANG, firstName=Qiang, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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注:M为Marker条带,①、②、③:7S的三组平行条带。N0.25:AAP质量浓度为0.25%的非共价复合物;N0.5:AAP质量浓度为0.5%的非共价复合物;N1:AAP质量浓度为1%的非共价复合物;C0.25:AAP质量浓度为0.25%的共价复合物;C0.5:AAP质量浓度为0.5%的共价复合物;C1:AAP质量浓度为1%的共价复合物。

, figureFileSmall=9qqyUehiCdfGNcaXYzy4kA==, figureFileBig=OnmO6GZovMLKK4VkdYYFCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883697759404246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883689643425941, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=FT-IR spectra of 7S-AAP non-covalent/covalent complexes, figureFileSmall=zs2a6dj2Zr/yagv9EjBFwQ==, figureFileBig=2teWnECt4xBvK5ZwQJbFGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883697860067543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883689643425941, language=CN, label=图2, caption=7S-AAP非共价/共价复合物的傅里叶红外光谱图, figureFileSmall=zs2a6dj2Zr/yagv9EjBFwQ==, figureFileBig=2teWnECt4xBvK5ZwQJbFGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883697922982104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883689643425941, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Solubility analysis of 7S-AAP non-covalent/covalent complexes, figureFileSmall=TxUOCMyXhoShFoJs2hhmhQ==, figureFileBig=GKyRPA4tOrVYR4APMVGWzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883698011062489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883689643425941, language=CN, label=图3, caption=7S-AAP非共价/共价复合物的溶解性分析

注:图中不同大写字母表示7S组与7S-AAP非共价复合物之间存在差异显著性(P<0.05),不同小写字母表示7S组与7S-AAP共价复合物之间存在差异显著性(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=TxUOCMyXhoShFoJs2hhmhQ==, figureFileBig=GKyRPA4tOrVYR4APMVGWzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883698090754266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883689643425941, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Surface hydrophobicity analysis of 7S-AAP non-covalent/ covalent complexes, figureFileSmall=rJYuN8qmhmfxHDkADpvuoQ==, figureFileBig=cKydnv7qnEgEzeI/XgyElg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883698174640347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883689643425941, language=CN, label=图4, caption=7S-AAP非共价/共价复合物的表面疏水性分析

注:图中不同大写字母表示7S组与7S-AAP非共价复合物之间存在差异显著性(P<0.05),不同小写字母表示7S组与7S-AAP共价复合物之间存在差异显著性(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=rJYuN8qmhmfxHDkADpvuoQ==, figureFileBig=cKydnv7qnEgEzeI/XgyElg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883698250137820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883689643425941, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Emulsification (A) and emulsion stability (B) analysis of 7S-AAP non-covalent/covalent complexes, figureFileSmall=86W+/5ek4SJMWUOzIsipmQ==, figureFileBig=dwi6YJgjA+SE5mj5E9UU6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883698321440989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883689643425941, language=CN, label=图5, caption=7S-AAP非共价/共价复合物的乳化活性(A)、乳化稳定性(B)分析

注:图中不同大写字母表示7S组与7S-AAP非共价复合物之间存在差异显著性(P<0.05),不同小写字母表示7S组与7S-AAP共价复合物之间存在差异显著性(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=86W+/5ek4SJMWUOzIsipmQ==, figureFileBig=dwi6YJgjA+SE5mj5E9UU6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883698396938462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883689643425941, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Foaming (A) and foam stability (B) analysis of 7S-AAP non-covalent/covalent complexes, figureFileSmall=/SJK/9bt2577oez+oCQVeQ==, figureFileBig=nTOKhEzJ+/GjWfOwJrvADA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883698489213151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883689643425941, language=CN, label=图6, caption=7S-AAP非共价/共价复合物的起泡性(A)、泡沫稳定性(B)分析

注:图中不同大写字母表示7S组与7S-AAP非共价复合物之间存在差异显著性(P<0.05),不同小写字母表示7S组与7S-AAP共价复合物之间存在差异显著性(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=/SJK/9bt2577oez+oCQVeQ==, figureFileBig=nTOKhEzJ+/GjWfOwJrvADA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883698547933408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883689643425941, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Results of DPPH· (A), ABTS·+ (B) scavenging capacity of 7S-AAP non-covalent/covalent complexes, figureFileSmall=Kt+7RPbJ0wW7KZYWGEig3w==, figureFileBig=GuMDFOuB7PDx2fnSsoGYuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883698615042273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883689643425941, language=CN, label=图7, caption=7S-AAP非共价/共价复合物的DPPH·(A)、ABTS·+(B)清除能力结果

注:图中不同大写字母表示7S组与7S-AAP非共价复合物之间存在差异显著性(P<0.05),不同小写字母表示7S组与7S-AAP共价复合物之间存在差异显著性(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=Kt+7RPbJ0wW7KZYWGEig3w==, figureFileBig=GuMDFOuB7PDx2fnSsoGYuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883698719899874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883689643425941, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Monosaccharide composition and content (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
甘露糖葡萄糖醛酸半乳糖醛酸葡萄糖半乳糖木糖岩藻糖
52.57±2.784.68±1.910.61±0.2534.72±3.711.95±0.314.56±0.890.90±0.84
), ArticleFig(id=1320883698791203043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883689643425941, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

单糖组成及含量(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
甘露糖葡萄糖醛酸半乳糖醛酸葡萄糖半乳糖木糖岩藻糖
52.57±2.784.68±1.910.61±0.2534.72±3.711.95±0.314.56±0.890.90±0.84
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β-伴大豆球蛋白-黑木耳多糖复合物的理化性质
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张蔷 1, 2 , 张莹 1, 2 , 吕博 1, 2 , 王朝辉 1, 2 , 于寒松 1, 2, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(8): 68-76
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (8) : 68 -76
β-伴大豆球蛋白-黑木耳多糖复合物的理化性质
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张蔷1, 2 , 张莹1, 2, 吕博1, 2, 王朝辉1, 2, 于寒松1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1吉林农业大学食品科学与工程学院,吉林长春 130118
  • 2国家大豆产业技术体系加工研究室,吉林长春 130118
通讯作者:
于寒松(1979−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:大豆精深加工及副产物的综合利用,E-mail:。
作者简介:

张蔷(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:大豆精深加工及副产物的综合利用,E-mail:

Physicochemical Properties of β-Conglycinin-Auricularia auricula Polysaccharide Complexes
Qiang ZHANG1, 2 , Ying ZHANG1, 2, Bo LÜ1, 2, Zhaohui WANG1, 2, Hansong YU1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
  • 2Division of Soybean Processing, Soybean Research & Development Center, Chinese Agricul-tural Research System, Changchun 130118, China
出版时间: 2026-04-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040013
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为促进β-伴大豆球蛋白(β-conglycinin,7S)在食品工业中的开发与利用,本研究以β-伴大豆球蛋白和黑木耳多糖(Auricularia auricula polysaccharide,AAP)为原料,物理混合和糖基化反应制备7S-AAP非共价/共价复合物,通过十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)验证7S-AAP非共价/共价复合物的生成,测定7S-AAP非共价/共价复合物的溶解性、表面疏水性、乳化性、起泡性及抗氧化性,评价复合物的理化性质。结果表明,7S-AAP非共价复合物与7S在分子组成上无显著差异,共价复合物通过羰基和氨基的结合形成可溶性大分子复合物,证实了糖基化反应的发生,7S-AAP非共价/共价复合物制备成功。当AAP质量浓度为1%时,7S-AAP共价复合物具有最高的溶解性(69.26%±2.98%)、起泡性(149.00%±5.57%)和泡沫稳定性(88.06%±2.59%)、乳化性(81.05±1.00 m2/g)和乳化稳定性(64.53±0.50 min)、DPPH自由基清除率(45.83%±1.99%)和ABTS+自由基清除率(50.77%±1.44%),与7S组相比,7S-AAP共价复合物的表面疏水性显著降低(P<0.05)。本研究结果表明,7S-AAP复合物的理化性质会随着AAP浓度的增大而增强,而共价复合物的作用效果优于非共价复合物。研究结果为7S蛋白的加工及蛋白-多糖体系在食品工业中的应用提供了理论支持。

β-伴大豆球蛋白  /  黑木耳多糖  /  理化性质  /  物理混合  /  糖基化反应

To promote the development and utilization of β-conglycinin (7S) in the food industry, this study employed β-conglycinin and Auricularia auricula polysaccharide (AAP) as raw materials to prepare 7S-AAP non-covalent and covalent complexes via physical mixing and glycosylation reactions. The generation of 7S-AAP non-covalent/covalent complexes was verified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of the 7S-AAP non-covalent and covalent complexes were evaluated by assessing their solubility, surface hydrophobicity, emulsifying capacity, foaming capacity, and antioxidant activity. Results demonstrated that there was no significant difference in molecular composition between the 7S-AAP non-covalent complex and the native 7S protein. In contrast, the covalent complex formed a soluble macromolecular structure through the reaction of carbonyl and amino groups, confirming the occurrence of glycosylation and the successful synthesis of 7S-AAP non-covalent and covalent complexes. When the AAP concentration was 1%, the 7S-AAP covalent complex had the highest solubility (69.26%±2.98%), foaming capacity (149.00%±5.57%), foam stability (88.06%±2.59%), emulsifying activity (81.05±1.00 m2/g), emulsifying stability (64.53±0.50 min), DPPH radical scavenging rate (45.83%±1.99%), and ABTS+ radical scavenging rate (50.77%±1.44%). Compared with the 7S group, the surface hydrophobicity of the 7S-AAP covalent complex was significantly reduced (P<0.05). This study revealed that the physicochemical properties of 7S-AAP complexes improved with increasing AAP concentration, and the covalent complex outperformed the non-covalent complex in terms of functional properties. These findings provide theoretical support for the processing of 7S protein and the application of protein-polysaccharide systems in the food industry.

β-conglycinin  /  Auricularia auricula polysaccharide  /  physicochemical properties  /  physical mixing  /  glycosylation reaction
张蔷, 张莹, 吕博, 王朝辉, 于寒松. β-伴大豆球蛋白-黑木耳多糖复合物的理化性质. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (8) : 68 -76 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040013
Qiang ZHANG, Ying ZHANG, Bo LÜ, Zhaohui WANG, Hansong YU. Physicochemical Properties of β-Conglycinin-Auricularia auricula Polysaccharide Complexes[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (8) : 68 -76 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040013
蛋白质和多糖是具有良好功能特性的天然活性物质,在食品加工领域得到了广泛应用。β-伴大豆球蛋白(β-conglycinin,7S)是大豆蛋白的重要组分之一,具有良好的营养价值及加工适应性。其两亲性的功能特点,使7S具有良好的界面活性,如起泡性和乳化性[1]。然而其结构和功能特性容易受到环境因素的影响,发生变性或聚集,限制了它们在食品工业中的应用。黑木耳是一种富含丰富的营养元素的真菌,在东北地区被广泛种植。其多糖成分因独特的理化性质与生物活性备受关注[2]。黑木耳多糖(Auricularia auricula polysaccharide,AAP)分子表面富含亲水性侧链基团,这种结构特性赋予其优良的水溶性特征。黑木耳多糖具有独特的粘性,常作为增稠剂和稳定剂添加在食品中改善其加工特性[3]。
多糖可以通过非共价/共价作用修饰蛋白质,从而改变蛋白质的理化性质,如溶解性、乳化性、起泡性等[4]。大量研究表明,多糖和蛋白质之间的相互作用不仅可以改变蛋白质的空间结构,还可以赋予蛋白质更优越的理化及功能特性[5]。包怡红等[6]通过美拉德反应制备黑木耳多糖-大豆蛋白复合物,发现复合物的乳化活性,溶解度和热稳定性均有所提升。Zhang等[7]采用木耳多糖和乳清分离蛋白制备复合凝胶,形成的凝胶表现出优异的持水能力、凝胶硬度、弹性和热稳定性。Xu等[8]通过乳清分离蛋白和海藻酸钠的静电相互作用使复合物的粘度和界面吸附能力提升,显著增加了复合物的泡沫稳定性。Zhang等[9]研究发现乳清分离蛋白与Mesona chinensis多糖通过糖基化反应复合后,复合物表面的羟基数量会增加,从而增强其抗氧化能力。Hu等[10]通过美拉德湿法反应制备出大豆分离蛋白-杏鲍菇多糖复合物,复合物表现出更好的溶解性、乳化性及乳化稳定性。本研究基于非共价及共价修饰共同探究不同质量浓度的AAP对7S蛋白的理化性质的影响,对7S-AAP复合物的溶解度、乳化性、起泡性、抗氧化性指标进行分析,旨在为提高蛋白-多糖复合体系在食品工业中的应用提供理论参考。
‘东农47号’大豆 东北农业大学提供;黑木耳 中国吉林汪清县;SDS-PAGE凝胶试剂盒P0012A 上海碧云天生物技术有限公司;三色预染蛋白Marker WJ103 上海雅酶生物医药科技有限公司;考马斯亮蓝G-250 C8420 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;8-苯氨基-1-奈酚磺酸(ANS)A1028 美国Sigma有限公司;ABTS S19198试剂盒、DPPH B25609试剂盒 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;过硫酸钾P292964 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;其他试剂均为分析纯级别。
GTR320A高速台式冷冻离心机 湖南可成仪器设备有限公司;FDU-7006冷冻干燥器 韩国OPERON公司;iBright CL1000凝胶成像仪、iS20傅里叶变换红外光谱仪 赛默飞世尔科技公司;Alliance e2695高效液相色谱仪 美国沃特斯公司;VICTOR NivoTM荧光酶标仪 珀金埃尔默企业管理有限公司;Tissue-Tearor手持高速剪切机 北京九州晟欣科技有限公司;Q2000差示扫描量热仪 美国TA公司。
将‘东农47号’大豆粉碎过60目筛,按照1:5(g/mL)的比例将大豆粉与丙酮混合,磁力搅拌45 min后静置至大豆粉沉于底部,弃去上清液,重复操作上述流程,到上清液变为无色,将脱脂大豆粉置于通风橱内晾干。按照1:15(g/mL)的比例将脱脂大豆粉与去离子水混匀,将溶液pH调至7.5,9000 r/min离心20 min,加入NaHSO3(0.98 g/L)于上清液中,将溶液pH调至6.4后4 ℃过夜,6500 r/min离心30 min。上清液加入固体NaCl至终浓度0.25 mol/L,调节溶液pH至5.0,搅拌后9000 r/min离心30 min;将上清液用2倍去离子水稀释,将pH调至4.8,再次离心并将沉淀物溶解,4 ℃透析48 h,冷冻干燥得到β-伴大豆球蛋白(7S)[11]。
将黑木耳洗净,干燥粉碎过60目筛。按黑木耳粉与去离子水1:80的固液比,在90 ℃下进行4 h浸提。提取完成后,将混合液在4000 r/min下离心10 min,取上清液中加入3倍体积的95%乙醇溶液,4 ℃静置12 h。采用正丁醇:氯仿=1:4(v/v)配制Savage试剂,与上清液按1:4(v/v)搅拌混合以除去蛋白,直到没有分层。4000 r/min离心10 min后用旋转蒸发器浓缩,4 ℃透析48 h,冷冻干燥获得纯化后的黑木耳多糖(AAP)[12]。
采用苯酚-硫酸比色法检测黑木耳多糖含量[13]。根据样品的吸光度计算多糖含量。
将2 mg AAP在80 ℃下用2 mol/L的盐酸-甲醇溶液水解16 h,用2 mol/L三氯乙酸溶液在120 ℃下水解1 h,得到的水解物用1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)进行衍生处理。然后采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定AAP的单糖组成。液相色谱条件如下:色谱柱为COSMOSIL 5C18-PAQ(4.6 mm×250 mm),流动相为磷酸盐缓冲液:乙腈=82:18,流速为0.5 mL/min,柱温为30 ℃,进样体积为20 μL,检测波长为245 nm[14]。
通过物理混合的方式制备7S-AAP非共价复合物[15]。配制质量浓度为1%(w/v)的7S溶液,室温下搅拌2 h后,将AAP粉末按不同质量浓度0.25%、0.5%、1%(w/v)溶于7S溶液中,室温下搅拌2 h后,4 ℃过夜水合,冷冻干燥得到7S-AAP非共价复合物,分别命名为N0.25、N0.5、N1。
参照王敬怡[16]的方法稍加修改,通过糖基化反应制备7S-AAP共价复合物。配制质量浓度为1%(w/v)的7S溶液,室温下搅拌2 h后,将AAP粉末按不同质量浓度0.25%、0.5%、1%(w/v)溶于7S溶液中,pH调节至10.0,在45 ℃下反应4 h后,立即在冰水浴中冷却以终止反应。然后将所得的7S-AAP共价复合物在4 ℃下透析48 h,冷冻干燥获得7S-AAP共价复合物,分别命名为C0.25、C0.5、C1。
称取10 mg的7S、N0.25、N0.5、N1、C0.25、C0.5、C1 七种样品粉末溶于1 mL上样缓冲液中,加入20 μL β-巯基乙醇,100 ℃下沸水煮10 min后离心(3000 r/min,5 min,4 ℃)。将10 μL样品加入电泳槽中进行电泳,在80 V运行20 min,120 V运行1 h。使用考马斯亮蓝G-250染色液将凝胶染色,用含有40%冰醋酸溶液的脱色液对凝胶进行脱色,最后将凝胶在凝胶成像仪中成像。用Image J软件分析条带灰度值[17]。
将样品粉末与溴化钾按1:100(w/w)的比例混合后压片。以4 cm−1的分辨率在4000~400 cm−1范围内进行扫描,每个样品扫描32次,溴化钾粉末为空白对照。
将样品粉末溶解于磷酸盐缓冲液(0.1 mol/L,pH=7)中制成1 mg/mL的溶液。磁力搅拌1 h使样品充分溶解,离心(10000 r/min,30 min)得到上清液。以牛血清蛋白为标准曲线,取样品上清液,用Lowry法测定蛋白质溶解度[18]。
通过8-苯氨基-1-萘酚磺酸(ANS)荧光探针测量样品的表面疏水性(H0)[19],将样品粉末溶解于磷酸盐缓冲液(0.1 mol/L,pH=7)中制成0.5 mg/mL的样品溶液,磁力搅拌1 h,并梯度稀释以获得浓度为0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5 mg/mL的样品溶液。将20 μL ANS(8 mmol/L)加入4 mL不同浓度的样品溶液中。涡旋混匀溶液,避光静置5 min,用酶标仪测定样品的荧光强度,测定的激发波长为390 nm,发射波长为470 nm,狭缝宽度为5 nm,通过最大荧光强度相对于蛋白质浓度的线性方程得到斜率H0。
将样品粉末溶解于磷酸盐缓冲液(0.1 mol/L,pH=7)中制成2 mg/mL的溶液。取2 mL大豆油与8 mL样品溶液充分混合,采用高速剪切机在10000 r/min下剪切3 min均质化。从容器底部移取50 μL乳液,加入到5 mL浓度为0.1%(w/v)的SDS溶液中。静置10 min,重复相同的取样和处理步骤。利用紫外-可见分光光度计在500 nm波长处测定各样品的吸光度值[20]。乳化活性指数(EAI)和乳化稳定性指数(ESI)的计算公式如下所示:
$ \mathrm{EAI}({\text{m}}^{\text{2}}\text{/g})=\frac{\text{2×2.303×}{\text{A}}_{\text{0}}}{(\text{C×}{\text{10}}^{\text{4}}\text{×}(1-\text{Φ}))\text{×D}} $
$ \mathrm{ESI}(\min )=\frac{{\text{A}}_{\text{0}}\text{×10}}{{\text{A}}_{\text{0}}-{\text{A}}_{\text{10}}} $
式中:A0和A10分别为0和10 min的吸光度;C为蛋白质的浓度,g/mL;Φ为油相的比值(0.2);D为溶液稀释倍数。
将样品粉末溶解于磷酸盐缓冲液(0.1 mol/L,pH=7)中制成2 mg/mL的溶液。将20 mL样品置于50 mL离心管中,使用高速剪切机在10000 r/min下均质3 min使溶液起泡,均质后立即量取泡沫体积V1,静止30 min后量取泡沫体积V30[21]。起泡性(FA)和泡沫稳定性(FS)的计算公式如下:
$ \mathrm{FA}(\text{%})=\frac{{\text{V}}_{\text{1}}-{\text{V}}_{\text{0}}}{{\text{V}}_{\text{0}}} \times 100$
$\mathrm{FS}(\text{%})=\frac{{\text{V}}_{\text{30}}-{\text{V}}_{\text{0}}}{{\text{V}}_{\text{1}}-{\text{V}}_{\text{0}}}\times \mathrm{100} $
式中:V0为溶液体积;V1为初始液面高度;V30为静置30 min后的液面高度。
用无水乙醇配制0.1 mmol/L DPPH溶液,取2 mL浓度为0.5 mg/mL的样品溶液与2 mL的DPPH溶液混合,避光反应40 min后,使用酶标仪在517 nm处检测其吸光度[9]。DPPH自由基清除能力计算公式如下所示:
$ \mathrm{DPPH自由基清除能力}( \text{%}) =\left( \text{1}-\frac{\text{A}}{{\text{A}}_{\text{0}}}\right) \times \mathrm{100} $
式中:A是样品在517 nm处的吸光度;A0是空白组在517 nm处的吸光度。
取7 mmol/L ABTS与2.5 mmol过硫酸钾避光反应16 h。用PBS稀释反应后的ABTS储备液,使溶液在734 nm波长处吸光度为0.70±0.02。将3 mL的ABTS溶液与0.4 mL的样品溶液混合,避光反应40 min。检测溶液在734 nm处的吸光度。ABTS+自由基清除能力计算公式如下所示:
$ {\text{ABTS}}^+\mathrm{自由基清除能力}( \text{%}) =\left( \text{1}-\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{1}}{{\text{A}}_{\text{2}}}\right) \times \mathrm{100} $
式中:A1是样品在734 nm处的吸光度;A2是空白组在734 nm处的吸光度。
所有试验均重复3次,以平均值±标准差表示结果。采用IBM SPSS 24软件分析ANOVA差异显著性,P<0.05为差异显著,使用Origin 2019和Graphpad Prism 8.0.2分析数据并作图。
7S蛋白的SDS-PAGE如图1A所示,可以清楚地看到α'、α和β亚基条带,确定经碱溶酸沉法提取的蛋白为7S。根据Image J的分析结果,α'、α和β亚基分别占样品中总蛋白的25.68%±0.43%、29.75%±0.82%和20.30%±0.79%,提取的7S占总蛋白的75.73%±0.68%。
根据测得的吸光度和葡萄糖浓度绘制葡萄糖标准曲线,线性回归方程为y=0.8604x+0.21,决定系数R2=0.9972。代入方程计算得到经提取纯化后的多糖含量为76.35%±0.64%。
单糖作为构成多糖的基本结构元素,其组成直接决定多糖的分子架构和理化特性。采用液相色谱法测定AAP的单糖组成如表1所示,其中甘露糖和葡萄糖含量最多,相关研究表明黑木耳多糖主要由甘露糖与葡萄糖组成[22],本实验结果与之相一致。
通过SDS-PAGE分析蛋白质分子组成的变化,图1B显示了7S、7S-AAP非共价复合物和共价复合物的SDS-PAGE图。从图1B中可以看出非共价复合物的亚基组成与7S并无显著差别,说明物理混合并未使7S和AAP之间发生共价结合反应[23]。共价复合物条带在250 kDa处出现了比7S和非共价复合物更暗的条带,说明7S与AAP发生共价交联反应生成了更高分子量的复合物,这种现象与之前的研究结果一致[24−25]。同时非共价复合物和共价复合物的亚基条带相比于7S条带颜色变浅,可能是由于AAP覆盖在7S表面导致考马斯亮蓝与7S结合减少。
通过傅里叶变换红外光谱分析7S与AAP分子间的相互作用力及官能团的变化。如图2所示,波数在3200~3500 cm−1处为酰胺A带,对应O-H、N-H的伸缩振动;波数在1600~1700 cm−1处为酰胺I带,对应C=O的伸缩振动,波数在1500~1600 cm−1为酰胺Ⅱ带,对应N-H弯曲和C-N伸缩振动[26]。
非共价复合物在酰胺A带处的吸收峰向低波数处移动,表明多糖的加入引入了羟基,增强了7S与AAP之间氢键的作用。共价复合物在此处吸收峰向低波数处移动,表明7S的氨基与AAP的羰基结合形成C-N共价键发生伸缩振动,说明AAP通过共价键的形式与7S蛋白结合,这种反应使1733 cm−1处AAP中羰基与羧基的C=O伸缩振动受到影响,导致共价复合物在此处的吸收峰消失[15]。共价复合物在酰胺II带处的偏移表明共价交联反应生成C-N共价键。1000~1200 cm−1波数处为多糖分子中糖链的特征峰,该处特征峰的移动是由糖分子中C-O-C糖苷键伸缩振动引起[27],在1076 cm−1处7S与非共价复合物几乎不存在吸收峰,而在共价复合物中出现了吸收峰,这可能是由生成的糖基化反应产物引起的,证实了共价交联反应的发生[28]。
溶解性是蛋白质的主要功能特性,对蛋白质在加工过程中的乳化性,发泡性、凝胶性等都有很大影响。图3显示了添加不同质量浓度AAP的7S、7S-AAP非共价/共价复合物的溶解性。与7S相比,7S-AAP非共价/共价复合物的溶解度都随着多糖浓度的增加显著增大(P<0.05),当AAP添加量为1%时,分别提高了约25.23%和33.97%。可能是由于多糖的加入引入了大量亲水基团(如-OH、-COOH),增强了蛋白质中氢键的作用,促进了蛋白与水分子的相互作用[29]。7S与AAP都带有净负电荷,非共价复合物通过静电排斥及疏水相互作用将羟基引入蛋白质表面,覆盖了疏水区域,减小了疏水基团的数量从而抑制蛋白质的聚集[30]。7S-AAP共价复合发生共价交联反应形成的可溶性大分子复合物结合了更多的亲水性羟基,增加了复合物的水合能力。并且共价交联使蛋白质结构更松散,亲水区域暴露,极性侧链的水合能力增强,从而增大溶解度。
表面疏水性反映了暴露在蛋白质表面的疏水基团数量,表面疏水性的变化影响着蛋白质的结构和界面性质。如图4显示了添加不同质量浓度AAP的7S、7S-AAP非共价/共价复合物的表面疏水性。与7S组相比,AAP的加入显著降低了7S的表面疏水性(P<0.05),随着AAP浓度的增大,更多的亲水性多糖覆盖在复合物表面,使暴露在复合物表面的疏水基团数量减小[31]。并且7S与AAP相互作用产生的空间位阻效应阻碍了ANS荧光探针与蛋白质内疏水基团的结合,降低了表面疏水性[32]。此外,共价复合物的H0显著降低可能是由于7S中的氨基与AAP的羰基通过糖基化反应进行共价相互作用,增加了暴露在复合物表面的亲水性羟基[33],从而降低了表面疏水性。
乳化活性指数(EAI)和乳化稳定性指数(ESI)是表示蛋白质乳化能力的两个重要指标。如图5显示了添加不同质量浓度AAP的7S、7S-AAP非共价/共价复合物的EAI(A)和ESI(B)图。EAI是指蛋白质在油-水界面快速吸附,并形成界面膜的能力,ESI是指维持油水界面的平衡,不被外力条件所分离或絮凝的能力[34]。大豆蛋白由于其两亲性的性质,常被用作乳化剂,可以吸附在油水界面,降低界面张力并促进乳液的形成和稳定。多糖通常具有亲水性,可以增加溶液的粘度,并通过空间位阻使乳液保持稳定。
与7S组相比,7S-AAP非共价/共价复合物的乳化性能均随着多糖的加入而显著增大(P<0.05)。当AAP添加量为1%时,非共价复合物和共价复合物的乳化活性分别提高了约30.67%和48.59%,乳化稳定性分别提高了约23.12%和36.46%,共价复合物的乳化性能更好。7S与AAP复合后,复合物在油-水界面上形成了更稳定的吸附层,降低界面张力,增强了7S-AAP复合物的乳化性,并且多糖的加入使得溶液的粘度增加,减缓了液滴移动速率,也使乳化稳定性增强。蛋白与多糖之间所产生的空间位阻使多糖链向外延伸,并形成一道物理屏障,使7S-AAP非共价复合物的ESI增强[35]。7S与AAP之间的共价交联使得蛋白质的结构展开,变得更加无序,疏松多孔的结构使共价复合物油水界面吸附能力提升,复合物更有效的吸附在油滴表面形成更加紧密的界面膜[36],增强了7S-AAP共价复合物的乳化性。此外,可溶性大分子聚集体的形成可以增加油-水界面处的蛋白质疏水性,从而增强了7S-AAP共价复合物乳化稳定性[37]。
蛋白质的起泡能力在充气食品(如蛋糕、冰淇淋、奶油等)的加工过程中是重要影响因素。起泡性(FA)是表示蛋白质在剪切过程中产生泡沫的能力,泡沫稳定性(FC)是维持泡沫结构不被破坏的能力。图6显示了添加不同质量浓度AAP的7S、7S-AAP非共价/共价复合物的FA(图6A)和FC(图6B)。与7S相比,AAP的加入使非共价复合物和共价复合物的起泡性和泡沫稳定性均显著增大(P<0.05),当AAP添加量为1%时,非共价复合物和共价复合物的起泡性分别提高了约46.18%和57.5%,泡沫稳定性分别提高了约36.53%和45.46%,共价复合物的起泡性与泡沫稳定性更好。
多糖的加入可能增加溶液的粘度,减缓液膜排液,从而增强起泡性能[38]。非共价复合物通过静电排斥作用减少泡沫的合并,促进泡沫形成,从而提高起泡性[25],并且静电排斥和空间位阻作用使复合物形成了多层界面膜,在界面处形成更稳定的吸附层,提高泡沫稳定性。糖基化反应使共价复合物的无序化结构增加,使蛋白质更容易吸附在气-液界面,降低表面张力,从而提高起泡性。同时,糖基化反应增加了更多羟基含量高的复合物,增强了蛋白质分子间的静电力,从而增加了界面强度,提高泡沫稳定性[39]。
DPPH和ABTS+自由基清除率是检测抗氧化性的常用指标。如图7显示了添加不同质量浓度AAP的7S、7S-AAP非共价/共价复合物的DPPH(图7A)和ABTS+(图7B)自由基清除率。与7S组相比,7S-AAP非共价复合物和共价复合物的抗氧化性均随着AAP的加入而显著增大(P<0.05)。当AAP添加量为1%时,7S-AAP非共价复合物的DPPH和ABTS+自由基清除率分别提高了约56.51%和45.38%,7S-AAP共价复合物的DPPH和ABTS+自由基清除率分别提高了约65.04%和54.56%,共价复合物具有更高的抗氧化性。由于AAP具有良好的抗氧化性,AAP分子中含有大量羟基和羧基,可以通过引入H+的方式直接中和自由基,中断自由基链式反应,从而提高7S-AAP复合物的抗氧化性[40]。研究表明糖基化反应的产物和中间体可以通过提供H+的方式破坏自由基链式反应,从而提高7S-AAP共价复合物抗氧化性[41]。
本研究基于非共价及共价修饰共同探究不同质量浓度的AAP对7S的理化性质与功能特性的影响,SDS-PAGE和FT-IR结果显示7S-AAP非共价复合物与7S在分子组成上无显著差异,共价复合物通过羰基和氨基的结合形成可溶性大分子复合物,证实了糖基化反应的发生。相比于7S,7S-AAP复合物的理化特性会随着多糖浓度的增大而增强,当AAP浓度为1%时,7S-AAP复合物的溶解性、乳化性及乳化稳定性、起泡性及泡沫稳定性、抗氧化性均达到最优,表面疏水性降至最低,而共价复合物的作用效果优于非共价复合物。大量研究证实蛋白与多糖形成的复合物不仅在理化性质上有所提升,在功能特性上也具有改善作用,前期已有研究证明7S可以通过激活腺苷酸活化激酶(AMPKα)通路途径发挥其降血脂活性[42],AAP的降血脂活性也已得到大量证实,因此推测7S-AAP具有协同调节脂质代谢的功能特性,需要通过更多的体内或体外试验来验证7S-AAP复合物的降血脂功能特性。研究结果拓宽了7S在食品加工领域的利用率,为开发蛋白-多糖复合型食品奠定了充分的理论依据,并且推测7S-AAP复合物可以作为一种潜在的功能性食品原料应用于食品工业中。

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2026年第47卷第8期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040013
  • 接收时间:2025-04-03
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-04-15
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    1吉林农业大学食品科学与工程学院,吉林长春 130118
    2国家大豆产业技术体系加工研究室,吉林长春 130118

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于寒松(1979−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:大豆精深加工及副产物的综合利用,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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