Article(id=1320883651500421847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883558764359808, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040212, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744819200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852803349, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1776182400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852803349, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852803349, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852803349, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883558764359808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1776182400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852781239, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852781239, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=100, endPage=108, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320883653136200408, articleId=1320883651500421847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Structural Elucidation and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Neutral Polysaccharide from Orchis chusua D. Don, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To systematically investigate the structural features and anti-inflammatory activity of neutral polysaccharide (USP-N) from Orchis chusua D. Don, a medicinal and edible plant was selected. The structure of USP-N was comprehensively elucidated through partial acid hydrolysis, Smith degradation, methylation analysis, and 2D-NMR spectroscopy. Its anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated using a zebrafish inflammation model. Structural analysis revealed that the main chain of USP-N was composed of alternating β-1,4-linked glucose (38.5%) and mannose (33.8%), forming a glucomannan backbone. The side chains contained small amounts of rhamnose, arabinose, and galactose, with some mannose residues featuring 2-O-acetyl groups. Bioactivity assays demonstrated that USP-N treatment significantly suppressed LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) release (P<0.0001) and inhibited neutrophil migration to the tail injury site in zebrafish (P<0.0001). Furthermore, dose-dependent reductions in neutrophil and macrophage recruitment to the caudal region following mechanical injury were observed. This study provides a theoretical foundation for applying Orchis chusua D. Don polysaccharides in functional foods and pharmaceutical development.

, authors=Zhiyan YANG1, Yufan WANG1, Yasen AYZUKRAM1, 2, Yanli WANG1, Ruijie WEI1, Yulu GU1, Nuerxiati REHEBATI1, 2, *, Inumu HULSIDAN3, *, authorsList=Zhiyan YANG, Yufan WANG, Yasen AYZUKRAM, Yanli WANG, Ruijie WEI, Yulu GU, Nuerxiati REHEBATI, Inumu HULSIDAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Nuerxiati REHEBATI, Inumu HULSIDAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320883657976427241, articleId=1320883651500421847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=中亚白及中性多糖的结构解析及抗炎活性研究, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究以药食同源植物中亚白及为对象,旨在系统研究中亚白及中性多糖(USP-N)的结构特征与抗炎活性。通过部分酸水解、Smith降解、甲基化及二维核磁共振(2D-NMR)技术系统解析其精细结构,并基于斑马鱼炎症模型评价了其抗炎活性。结构分析表明,USP-N主链由β-1,4连接的葡萄糖(38.5%)和甘露糖(33.8%)交替构成,形成葡甘聚糖骨架,侧链含少量鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖及半乳糖,部分甘露糖残基存在2-O-乙酰化基团。生物活性实验显示,USP-N处理抑制了脂多糖(LPS)诱导的相关一氧化氮(NO)的释放(P<0.0001)及斑马鱼体内中性粒细胞向尾部的迁移(P<0.0001)。同时,也减少了机械损伤后中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞向尾部的募集,且呈现剂量依赖性。综上,该研究为中亚白及多糖在功能性食品和药品开发中的应用提供了理论依据。

, authors=杨智艳1, 王宇帆1, 阿依左克拉木·牙森1, 2, 王艳丽1, 魏瑞杰1, 顾雨露1, 热合巴提·努尔夏提1, 2, *, 胡尔西丹·伊麻木3, *, authorsList=杨智艳, 王宇帆, 阿依左克拉木·牙森, 王艳丽, 魏瑞杰, 顾雨露, 热合巴提·努尔夏提, 胡尔西丹·伊麻木, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=热合巴提·努尔夏提, 胡尔西丹·伊麻木, authorNote=

杨智艳(1999−),女,硕士,研究方向:天然药物化学,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
热合巴提·努尔夏提(1993−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:天然药物化学,E-mail:。
胡尔西丹·伊麻木(1971−)女,博士,副教授,研究方向:中药学,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=vkbf/szNz2XZX8ReE7Z0rw==, magXml=xfumxk4RkaNDzkGsIEXGoA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=zx3bs3iA7BsSfhrSWENLfA==, pdfFileSize=1931199, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=BZstWexPb06XoyFs1DHCfw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=58fJr6+3RYay2SX7g1UqEg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320883658903368436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883651500421847, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2908261537@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320883658983060214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883651500421847, authorId=1320883658903368436, language=EN, stringName=Zhiyan YANG, firstName=Zhiyan, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Clean Conversion and High Value Utilization of Biomass Resources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320883659079529207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883651500421847, authorId=1320883658903368436, language=CN, stringName=杨智艳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1伊犁师范大学化学化工学院,新疆生物质资源清洁转化与高值利用重点实验室,新疆伊宁 835000, bio={"content":"

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Food and Fermentation Industries, 2022, 48(3): 130−134.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320883673541489525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883651500421847, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=57, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Shunfeng, XU Fangfang, CUI Guomei, et al. Acetylation modification and antioxidant activity of lentinula edodes stem polysaccharides[J]. 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articleId=1320883651500421847, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=GC chromatogram of partial acid hydrolysis of USP-N, figureFileSmall=mDaxh/g65G4zg09y7fANaQ==, figureFileBig=BZstWexPb06XoyFs1DHCfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883664230134568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883651500421847, language=CN, label=图1, caption=USP-N的部分酸水解气相色谱图, figureFileSmall=mDaxh/g65G4zg09y7fANaQ==, figureFileBig=BZstWexPb06XoyFs1DHCfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883664481792809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883651500421847, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Gas chromatogram of Smith degradation products of USP-N, figureFileSmall=1yEdC8HFAMjcUKEaBBMgrw==, figureFileBig=Q5bkPs95WEF4UMOw0pePJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883664569873194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883651500421847, language=CN, label=图2, caption=USP-N的Smith降解气相色谱图, figureFileSmall=1yEdC8HFAMjcUKEaBBMgrw==, figureFileBig=Q5bkPs95WEF4UMOw0pePJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883666239206188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883651500421847, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=GC chromatogram of USP-N methylation analysis, figureFileSmall=glzkMid3P5KZ2wJraXGq+A==, figureFileBig=d1eabIaLCNcr65V79TF1XQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883666339869485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883651500421847, language=CN, label=图3, caption=USP-N的甲基化分析气相色谱图, figureFileSmall=glzkMid3P5KZ2wJraXGq+A==, figureFileBig=d1eabIaLCNcr65V79TF1XQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883666427949870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883651500421847, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=NMR spectrum of USP-N, figureFileSmall=eDhECPjE8G6WreGq5shCjA==, figureFileBig=qNqsFqjVMXthH6Dc8YZaHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883666482475823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883651500421847, language=CN, label=图4, caption=USP-N的核磁图谱

注:a:1H;b:13C;c:1H1HCOSY;d:1H13C, HSQC-EDITED;e:1H13C, HSQC-TOCSY;f:1H1H, TOCSY;g:1H13C, HMBC。

, figureFileSmall=eDhECPjE8G6WreGq5shCjA==, figureFileBig=qNqsFqjVMXthH6Dc8YZaHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883666562167600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883651500421847, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Possible structural repeats of USP-N, figureFileSmall=Y/ZIRsB6EN/Fsk3JXVLAZg==, figureFileBig=We8QDWoDhFHckU49Cf7xgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883666620887857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883651500421847, language=CN, label=图5, caption=USP-N可能的结构重复片段, figureFileSmall=Y/ZIRsB6EN/Fsk3JXVLAZg==, figureFileBig=We8QDWoDhFHckU49Cf7xgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883666696385330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883651500421847, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Toxicity experiment of USP-N on zebrafish, figureFileSmall=Ufv9S3wf/D4Hd/N1jA5QWw==, figureFileBig=lAb9wGYhARjVEriKOghpTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883666776077107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883651500421847, language=CN, label=图6, caption=USP-N对斑马鱼的毒性实验, figureFileSmall=Ufv9S3wf/D4Hd/N1jA5QWw==, figureFileBig=lAb9wGYhARjVEriKOghpTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883666847380276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883651500421847, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=USP-N migration of neutrophils in zebrafish, figureFileSmall=uuVvRf1fIvIZy13Yr9l/7A==, figureFileBig=b9KI5L47CP3a6qUbLWUFoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883666918683445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883651500421847, language=CN, label=图7, caption=USP-N对斑马鱼体内中性粒细胞的迁移

注:A图代表斑马鱼体内中性粒细胞的迁移;B图是斑马鱼体内中性粒细胞数量迁移后荧光强度的量化;C图是斑马鱼体内NO的释放;高、中、低:1、0.5、0.25 mg/mL;脂多糖:1 μg/mL;#表示与空白组相比,模型组差异显著,P<0.05;####表示P<0.0001;*表示与模型组相比,数据差异显著,P<0.05;****表示P<0.0001、***表示P<0.001、**表示P<0.01;ns表示数据没有显著性差异;图8同。

, figureFileSmall=uuVvRf1fIvIZy13Yr9l/7A==, figureFileBig=b9KI5L47CP3a6qUbLWUFoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883666998375222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883651500421847, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=USP-N migration of neutrophils and macrophages in zebrafish with docked tails, figureFileSmall=RURDSvwF3zVda/CFbucwow==, figureFileBig=ax2XKGWRiWWH542YaIbOvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883667069678391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883651500421847, language=CN, label=图8, caption=USP-N对断尾的斑马鱼体内中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞的迁移

注:A代表斑马鱼断尾后体内中性粒细胞的迁移;B代表斑马鱼断尾后体内巨噬细胞的迁移;C为斑马鱼体内中性粒细胞数量迁移后荧光强度的量化;D为斑马鱼体内巨噬细胞数量迁移后荧光强度的量化;E为USP-N对斑马鱼体内中性粒细胞数量迁移时效关系;F为USP-N对斑马鱼体内巨噬细胞数量迁移时效关系。

, figureFileSmall=RURDSvwF3zVda/CFbucwow==, figureFileBig=ax2XKGWRiWWH542YaIbOvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883667149370168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883651500421847, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

GC-MS analysis results of methylated USP-N

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
糖残基连接方式碎片离子峰面积(%)
1,5-二-O-乙酰基-1-氢-2,3,4,6-四-O-甲基-D-甘露醇T链接的吡喃型甘露糖129,161,117,10111.29
1,5,6-三-O-乙酰基-1-氢-2,3,4-三-O-甲基-D-半乳糖醇1,6链接的吡喃型半乳糖131,117,101,870.89
1,4,5-三-O-乙酰基-1-氢-2,3,6-三-O-甲基-D-甘露醇1,4链接的吡喃型甘露糖233,117,113,10159.23
1,4,5-三-O-乙酰基-1-氢-2,3,6-三-O-甲基-D-葡糖醇1,4链接的吡喃型葡萄糖233,117,113,10123.14
1,2,4,5-四-O-乙酰基-1-氢-3,6-二-O-甲基-D-甘露醇1,2,4链接的吡喃型甘露糖189,129,113,870.41
1,4,5,6-四-O-乙酰基-1-氢-2,3-二-O-甲基-D-葡糖醇1,4,6链接的吡喃型葡萄糖127,117,101,850.66
), ArticleFig(id=1320883667216479033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883651500421847, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

USP-N的甲基化GC-MS分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
糖残基连接方式碎片离子峰面积(%)
1,5-二-O-乙酰基-1-氢-2,3,4,6-四-O-甲基-D-甘露醇T链接的吡喃型甘露糖129,161,117,10111.29
1,5,6-三-O-乙酰基-1-氢-2,3,4-三-O-甲基-D-半乳糖醇1,6链接的吡喃型半乳糖131,117,101,870.89
1,4,5-三-O-乙酰基-1-氢-2,3,6-三-O-甲基-D-甘露醇1,4链接的吡喃型甘露糖233,117,113,10159.23
1,4,5-三-O-乙酰基-1-氢-2,3,6-三-O-甲基-D-葡糖醇1,4链接的吡喃型葡萄糖233,117,113,10123.14
1,2,4,5-四-O-乙酰基-1-氢-3,6-二-O-甲基-D-甘露醇1,2,4链接的吡喃型甘露糖189,129,113,870.41
1,4,5,6-四-O-乙酰基-1-氢-2,3-二-O-甲基-D-葡糖醇1,4,6链接的吡喃型葡萄糖127,117,101,850.66
), ArticleFig(id=1320883667287782202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883651500421847, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Assignment results of major sugar residues in USP-N

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
H1/C1(ppm)H2/C2(ppm)H3/C3(ppm)H4/C4(ppm)H5/C5(ppm)H6/C6(ppm)糖残基
4.53/4.523.363.703.703.633.93/3.76→4)-β-Glcp-(1→
105.3875.6976.7781.4474.4163.27
4.764.133.823.833.573.83/4.02→4)-β-Manp-(1→
103.0172.9474.4179.2678.0263.36
5.415.524.013.853.983.65→4)-α-Manp-(1→2-OAC
102.8474.5073.2379.4976.2660.34
), ArticleFig(id=1320883667359085371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883651500421847, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

USP-N的主要糖残基化学位移归属结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
H1/C1(ppm)H2/C2(ppm)H3/C3(ppm)H4/C4(ppm)H5/C5(ppm)H6/C6(ppm)糖残基
4.53/4.523.363.703.703.633.93/3.76→4)-β-Glcp-(1→
105.3875.6976.7781.4474.4163.27
4.764.133.823.833.573.83/4.02→4)-β-Manp-(1→
103.0172.9474.4179.2678.0263.36
5.415.524.013.853.983.65→4)-α-Manp-(1→2-OAC
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中亚白及中性多糖的结构解析及抗炎活性研究
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杨智艳 1 , 王宇帆 1 , 阿依左克拉木·牙森 1, 2 , 王艳丽 1 , 魏瑞杰 1 , 顾雨露 1 , 热合巴提·努尔夏提 1, 2, * , 胡尔西丹·伊麻木 3, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(8): 100-108
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (8) : 100 -108
中亚白及中性多糖的结构解析及抗炎活性研究
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杨智艳1 , 王宇帆1, 阿依左克拉木·牙森1, 2, 王艳丽1, 魏瑞杰1, 顾雨露1, 热合巴提·努尔夏提1, 2, * , 胡尔西丹·伊麻木3, *
作者信息
  • 1伊犁师范大学化学化工学院,新疆生物质资源清洁转化与高值利用重点实验室,新疆伊宁 835000
  • 2伊犁师范大学化学化工学院,新疆维吾尔自治区教育厅天然产物化学与应用重点实验室,新疆伊宁 835000
  • 3新疆维吾尔自治区新疆医科大学,新疆乌鲁木齐 830017
通讯作者:
热合巴提·努尔夏提(1993−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:天然药物化学,E-mail:。
胡尔西丹·伊麻木(1971−)女,博士,副教授,研究方向:中药学,E-mail:。
作者简介:

杨智艳(1999−),女,硕士,研究方向:天然药物化学,E-mail:

Structural Elucidation and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Neutral Polysaccharide from Orchis chusua D. Don
Zhiyan YANG1 , Yufan WANG1, Yasen AYZUKRAM1, 2, Yanli WANG1, Ruijie WEI1, Yulu GU1, Nuerxiati REHEBATI1, 2, * , Inumu HULSIDAN3, *
Affiliations
  • 1Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Clean Conversion and High Value Utilization of Biomass Resources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry and Application, Department of Education, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
  • 3Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
出版时间: 2026-04-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040212
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本研究以药食同源植物中亚白及为对象,旨在系统研究中亚白及中性多糖(USP-N)的结构特征与抗炎活性。通过部分酸水解、Smith降解、甲基化及二维核磁共振(2D-NMR)技术系统解析其精细结构,并基于斑马鱼炎症模型评价了其抗炎活性。结构分析表明,USP-N主链由β-1,4连接的葡萄糖(38.5%)和甘露糖(33.8%)交替构成,形成葡甘聚糖骨架,侧链含少量鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖及半乳糖,部分甘露糖残基存在2-O-乙酰化基团。生物活性实验显示,USP-N处理抑制了脂多糖(LPS)诱导的相关一氧化氮(NO)的释放(P<0.0001)及斑马鱼体内中性粒细胞向尾部的迁移(P<0.0001)。同时,也减少了机械损伤后中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞向尾部的募集,且呈现剂量依赖性。综上,该研究为中亚白及多糖在功能性食品和药品开发中的应用提供了理论依据。

中亚白及  /  多糖  /  甲基化  /  二维核磁  /  抗炎活性

To systematically investigate the structural features and anti-inflammatory activity of neutral polysaccharide (USP-N) from Orchis chusua D. Don, a medicinal and edible plant was selected. The structure of USP-N was comprehensively elucidated through partial acid hydrolysis, Smith degradation, methylation analysis, and 2D-NMR spectroscopy. Its anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated using a zebrafish inflammation model. Structural analysis revealed that the main chain of USP-N was composed of alternating β-1,4-linked glucose (38.5%) and mannose (33.8%), forming a glucomannan backbone. The side chains contained small amounts of rhamnose, arabinose, and galactose, with some mannose residues featuring 2-O-acetyl groups. Bioactivity assays demonstrated that USP-N treatment significantly suppressed LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) release (P<0.0001) and inhibited neutrophil migration to the tail injury site in zebrafish (P<0.0001). Furthermore, dose-dependent reductions in neutrophil and macrophage recruitment to the caudal region following mechanical injury were observed. This study provides a theoretical foundation for applying Orchis chusua D. Don polysaccharides in functional foods and pharmaceutical development.

Orchis chusua D. Don  /  polysaccharide  /  methylation  /  2D NMR  /  anti-inflammatory activity
杨智艳, 王宇帆, 阿依左克拉木·牙森, 王艳丽, 魏瑞杰, 顾雨露, 热合巴提·努尔夏提, 胡尔西丹·伊麻木. 中亚白及中性多糖的结构解析及抗炎活性研究. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (8) : 100 -108 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040212
Zhiyan YANG, Yufan WANG, Yasen AYZUKRAM, Yanli WANG, Ruijie WEI, Yulu GU, Nuerxiati REHEBATI, Inumu HULSIDAN. Structural Elucidation and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Neutral Polysaccharide from Orchis chusua D. Don[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (8) : 100 -108 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040212
中亚白及为兰科植物广布红门兰(Orchis chusua D. Don),又称欧白及、苏拉普等[1],生长在潮湿地带,在我国主要分布于新疆、吉林、黑龙江,国外分布于中亚、伊朗、埃及、巴尔干等地[1−3]。中亚白及是一种药食同源植物[4],将其加至牛奶或热水中便可作为咖啡和酒的替代饮品[5],此外,还可以作为增稠剂和稳定剂添加到饮料和冰淇淋中[5−7]。《中国药典维吾尔药分册》记载中亚白及具有壮阳生精、养心生血的功效,《维吾尔药志》中记载中亚白及主要功效为强筋骨、去痛止血,《中华本草-维吾尔药卷》记载中亚白及为温肾壮阳、生湿生热。现代医学研究表明中亚白及用于治疗结核病、温肾壮阳、降血脂、免疫调节、胃疾病、关节炎、肿瘤及炎症等[2,8]。主要成分碳水化合物的研究也较多,据Şen等[5]报道,中亚白及碳水化合物占据7%~61%,不同来源的中亚白及碳水化合物中淀粉含量差别较大,其中Orchis和Anacamptis spp属中葡甘聚糖含量较高。但是,中亚白及结构尚未被明确,而白及多糖被鉴定为主要由β-1,4-连接的甘露糖、β-1,4-连接的葡萄糖构成[9−11],且经研究发现,白及多糖具备抗炎、抗氧化、抗病毒、抗内毒素、降血脂、降血糖和改善肠道微生物环境的作用[12]。本课题组前期研究发现,中亚白及中性多糖USP-N具有良好的体外抗炎活性[13],但是其体内抗炎活性及结构尚未被确定。
因此,本研究拟对USP-N开展“部分酸水解-甲基化-二维核磁”为核心手段的结构解析,再经脂多糖(LPS)诱导及机械损伤的斑马鱼双炎症模型评价其抗炎活性,以期为中亚白及的功能性食品及药物的开发与利用提供理论基础。
中亚白及 由新疆恩萨尔药业提供,经中科院新疆生态所冯缨研究员鉴定;透析袋(3500 Da) 北京瑞达恒辉科技发展有限公司;转基因斑马鱼品系Tg(lyz:EGFP/mpeg1:EGFP) 国家斑马鱼资源中心;无水DMSO、碘甲烷 分析纯,北京索莱宝科技有限公司;赤藓醇、丙三醇 北京酷来搏科技有限公司;吲哚美辛、LPS 上海泰坦科技股份有限公司;DEAE-52、Sephadex G-100 北京索拉生物公司;其余试剂均为国产分析纯。
PR124ZH/E电子分析天平 上海舜宇恒平科学仪器有限公司;LC-101干燥箱、CENCE-H1850离心机 上海力辰邦西仪器科技有限公司;D-8PC紫外分光光度计 让奇仪器科技有限公司;GC-2014C气相色谱仪 日本岛津公司;BSZ-100自动收集器 上海嘉鹏科技有限公司;WH240-HT磁力搅拌器 德国海道尔夫公司;JHD-001氮吹仪 上海极恒电机有限公司;Vnmrs 600核磁共振仪 美国Varian医疗系统公司;MSD 体式荧光显微镜 迈时迪(东莞)科技有限公司;7890A-5975C气质 安捷伦科技有限公司;RE-201旋转蒸发仪 郑州科达机械仪器设备有限公司。
USP-N经课题组前期研究方法制备[13],具体如下:中亚白及经石油醚脱脂、乙醇脱色素、水提醇沉、DEAE-52阴离子交换树脂及Sephadex G-100凝胶柱分离纯化获得。
水解:取200 mg USP-N,先用20 mL,0.01 mol/L三氟乙酸于100 ℃水解1 h,透析2 d。透析袋外溶液经浓缩、冷冻干燥得0.01 mol/L外样品;将透析袋内液体冷冻干燥,继续用0.03 mol/L三氟乙酸同等条件下水解,透析袋透析,收集袋外样品,并冷冻干燥得0.03 mol/L袋外样品;袋内样品冷冻干燥后,继续用0.05 mol/L三氟乙酸同等条件下水解,并同上面处理。最终分别得到0.01、0.03、0.05 mol/L袋外样品及0.05 mol/L袋内样品。样品经2 mol/L TFA于115 ℃水解6 h。水解产物溶于甲醇后蒸发除酸,再与盐酸羟胺/吡啶在90 ℃反应30 min进行衍生化。冷却后,加入乙酸酐并于90 ℃反应30 min乙酰化。产物经氮吹浓缩,复溶于二氯甲烷供气相色谱(GC)分析,气相分析参考文献[14]的方法。
取20 mg的多糖样品溶于20 mL,0.015 mol/L高碘酸钠中,在黑暗中氧化反应7 d。随后,加入2 mL乙二醇终止反应,透析48 h。透析液浓缩至5 mL左右,加入50 mg硼氢化钠还原反应4 h,然后用36%的乙酸中和,再次彻底透析,冷冻干燥,得到Smith降解产物。参考文献[14]对所得样品进行气相色谱分析,与单糖标准品、丙三醇、赤藓醇对比,得出降解组分。
甲基化衍生:10 mg多糖样品于湿度为0的防潮柜中干燥7 d,将干燥后样品充分溶解于2 mL无水二甲基亚砜中,加入200 mg NaOH粉,在氮气保护下反应4 h。之后同样在氮气保护下,于冰水浴中缓慢加入1 mL碘甲烷(约35 min内完成),并在黑暗处反应3 h。反应结束后,加少量水停止反应,用旋转蒸发仪除去剩余的碘甲烷。随后,用二氯甲烷萃取3~5次,减压浓缩除去溶剂,加入5 mL三氟乙酸于100 ℃水解6 h。水解液加入甲醇反复蒸干,加入500 μL氨水(2 mol/L)和500 μL硼氢化钠(1 mol/L)还原3 h,用25%乙酸中和反应,再次加入甲醇反复蒸干。最后,加入2.5 mL乙酸酐,充分混匀,于100 ℃反应2.5 h。反应停止后用二氯甲烷萃取3~5次,过滤头,供气相GC-MS分析。GC-MS条件:HP-5 MS柱(30 m×250 μm 0.25 μm)。温度程序:初温140 ℃,保持2 min,然后以3 ℃/min上升到230 ℃,并保持2 min。质谱结果与PMAA数据库及文献[15]对比,归属糖残基,其相对含量之比为GC峰面积之比。
取30 mg多糖样品经弱酸(0.05 mol/L,90 ℃,1 h)水解后溶解在0.5  mL的D2O(纯度为99.9%)中,置于核磁管中,然后加入300 μL TMS内标备用。1H NMR、13C NMR、HSQC、COSY、HSQC-TOCSY、HMBC和NOESY光谱分别在600 MHz和150 MHz的核磁共振仪上分析。
参照文献[16]的方法,实验选用Tg(lyz:EGFP)/Tg(mpeg1:EGFP)转基因斑马鱼成体(Danio rerio),饲养于循环水养殖系统,水质参数严格调控(温度:28±0.5 ℃;pH:6.8±0.5;光周期:14 h光照/10 h黑暗)。选择性成熟健康个体(雌雄比1:2)置于交配缸内,通过分隔板隔离预适应24 h。次日光周期启动时移除分隔板,诱导自然交配行为,并于产卵后1~3 h内收集受精卵至Φ50 mm培养皿中。胚胎经3×E3胚胎培养液(5 mmol/L NaCl,0.17 mmol/L KCl,0.33 mmol/L CaCl2,0.33 mmol/L MgSO4)清洗后,转移至28±0.5 ℃恒温培养箱进行标准化发育培养。
参照文献[17]的方法选取Tg(lyz:EGFP)转基因斑马鱼配对产卵后获得健康胚胎,经无水乙醇预消毒的6孔板中每孔植入30枚同步化至8 hpf(hours post fertilization)的发育正常胚胎,以Danieau's缓冲液为暴露体系,设置空白对照组及5个浓度梯度实验组(4、2、1、0.5、0.25 mg/mL),每组3个平行孔。将母液按预设浓度梯度稀释后加入对应孔中,终体积为3 mL/孔,于28±0.5 ℃恒温培养箱中连续暴露72 h。暴露期间每日观察胚胎存活率、畸形表型及发育阻滞情况,通过死亡终点法统计累积死亡率,采用概率单位回归法计算半数致死浓度(EC50),评估USP-N急性毒性效应。
本研究以3日龄(3 dpf)斑马鱼胚胎为模型,通过LPS诱导构建炎症体系:将1 mg/mL LPS母液稀释至1 μg/mL,处理自然破膜后的正常胚胎(30尾/孔)1 h建立炎症模型,随后分别给予阳性药吲哚美辛(0.5 mmol/L)及USP-N梯度浓度(1、0.5、0.25 mg/mL)干预2 h。通过体式荧光显微成像定量分析斑马鱼尾部中性粒细胞迁移数量,并采用Griess试剂法检测胚胎匀浆上清中一氧化氮(NO)含量。实验全程于28±0.5 ℃恒温条件下进行,每组设置3个生物学重复[18]。
参考文献[19]的试验方法,选用健康Tg(lyz:EGFP)/Tg(mpeg1:EGFP)双转基因斑马鱼(雌雄比1:2交配产卵),筛选3 dpf发育正常幼鱼随机分配至24孔板(10尾/孔)。实验分为空白对照组(未处理)、炎症模型组(尾鳍截断术诱导局部炎症)、阳性对照组(0.5 mmol/L吲哚美辛)及中亚白及中性多糖高、中、低剂量组(高:1 mg/mL、中:0.5 mg/mL、低:0.25 mg/mL)。各组幼鱼经显微操作平台(40×物镜)下实施标准化尾鳍机械损伤后静置2 h,随后分别加入1 mL对应浓度干预溶液,持续暴露2 h。干预后0、1、2 h通过体式荧光显微镜(488 nm激发波长)动态追踪中性粒细胞(lyz:EGFP+)与巨噬细胞(mpeg1:EGFP+)向损伤部位的迁移行为,采用ImageJ软件定量分析荧光强度时空分布特征,构建USP-N抑制免疫细胞趋化的时效关系曲线。实验全程于28±0.5 ℃恒温条件下进行,每组设置3个生物学重复。
本研究使用Excel 2016、Origin 2024和GraphPad Prism 10软件,对平行三组实验数据进行分析和绘图。数据以平均值±标准偏差(x±SD)表示,组间显著性差异采用单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA)结合Tukey事后检验(P<0.05)进行判定。
部分酸水解常被应用于剖析植物多糖骨架以及支链的单糖构成情况。多糖的主链相较于支链而言,具备更高的稳定性;同时,吡喃糖在稳定性方面要优于呋喃糖。基于此特性,本文采用逐级酸水解的方式来展开研究。对水解部分与未水解部分分别实施单糖分析,以此获取关于支链以及主链的单糖组成信息[20]。对USP-N进行部分酸水解实验,来推断出主链及侧链主要的单糖组成,结果如图1(USP-N)。从结果中可以推断出对于中性多糖,当水解浓度为0.01 mol/L时,袋外单糖组成为鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖,推断出鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖和半乳糖分布在侧链上,而当水解浓度为0.03 mol/L和0.05 mol/L时,葡萄糖和甘露糖均存在,且比例变化不大,因此推断出葡萄糖和甘露糖较均匀地分布在主链上,且在0.05 mol/L袋内未发现鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖和半乳糖。综上,鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖只存在于支链中,而主链中只有葡萄糖和甘露糖。
如图2所示,中亚白及中性多糖Smith降解产物均主要含有赤藓醇,表明USP-N主要以1→4连接的方式存在。不同的是,在前期研究中发现酸性中亚白及多糖还检测到了少量的葡萄糖和甘露糖,表明还含有少量的未被高碘酸氧化的糖苷键,如1→3、1→3,6、1→2,3、1→2,4、1→3,4、1→2,3,4连接[21]。
中亚白及中性多糖的甲基化分析结果如图3和表1所示,中亚白及均一中性多糖经甲基化分析共得到6种单糖连接方式,其中主要是1→4连接的葡萄糖(23.14%)和甘露糖(59.23%)。除此之外,还存在少量的T→甘露糖(11.29%)、1→2,4甘露糖(0.41%)、1→4,6葡萄糖(0.66%)。此结果与前期实验,单糖分子,Smith降解结果一致[13]。
核磁共振波谱是复杂多糖结构分析中最有效的技术。USP-N的一维及二维核磁图谱如图4所示,氢谱中化学位移4.79 ppm处出现的强信号是由HDO引起的,可以作为其他峰的参考。13C核磁共振波谱中化学位移在96~103 ppm处的信号与端基碳有关,而化学位移在62~81 ppm附近的密集峰则与糖苷其他碳相对应。端基质子信号分布于4.4~5.5 ppm,提示USP-N既存在α型糖苷键也存在β型糖苷键。在碳谱端基区域主要出现3个端基碳,分别位于102.84、103.01和105.38 ppm处,分别标记为残基A,残基B和残基C。此外,在图4a氢谱中2.19 ppm处和图4b碳谱中23.42 ppm处存在相关6去氧残基,结合单糖分析及甲基化结果,推断可能是由于残留的乙醇造成的[22]。
对于残基A(105.38 ppm),经HSQC找到相对应的端基H的化学位移为4.53 ppm,表明残基C也为β型糖苷键;利用HSQC-TOCSY谱,找到于4.53 ppm相对应的信号分别为75.69、76.77、81.44、74.41 ppm;这些碳信号利用HSQC找到相对应的H的化学位移,结果经TOCSY谱验证。推断出C1-C5的化学位移分别为105.38、75.69、76.77、81.44、74.41、和63.27 ppm。根据四位碳信号的低场移动文献[22–23],推导出残基A为β构型的1→4葡萄糖,归属结果如表2所示。
对于残基B(103.01 ppm),通过HSQC找到异头氢为4.76 ppm,表明为β构型。在HSQC-TOCSY谱中,4.76 ppm对应的相关碳信号为72.94、74.41、78.02、79.49 ppm;经HSQC找到相对应的H的信号分别为4.13、3.82、3.57及3.83 ppm,此结果也得到TOCSY的验证;结果与COSY谱,甲基化结果及文献[22–23]相结合,推断出C1~C6的化学位移分别为103.01、72.94、74.41、79.49、78.02、63.36 ppm。根据4位碳信号的低场移动及文献[22–23],推导出残基B为β构型的1→4甘露糖,归属结果如表2所示。
对于残基C(102.84 ppm),于HSQC上出现交叉峰5.41 ppm,归属为H-1,表明为α构型;利用COSY找到H-2的化学位移信号值为5.52 ppm,在HSQC上对应的C-2为74.50 ppm;5.52在COSY谱上于4.01 ppm处现交叉峰;此结果结合氢谱中2.19 ppm处和碳谱中23.42、176.61 ppm处的乙酰基信号,再结合文献[22],推断出残基A归属为2-O-乙酰化的甘露糖,然后利用TOCSY和COSY推导得H-4、H-5及H-6化学位移信号值分别为3.85、3.98和3.65 ppm并通过HSQC推导出相对应的C-4,C-5和C-6的化学位移信号值,分别为79.49、76.26和60.34 ppm。根据4位碳的低场移动,并结合文献[22–23],推导出残基C为O-2乙酰化的α构型的1→4甘露糖,归属结果如表2所示。
HMBC把H核与长程耦合的C核关联起来,能提供多糖的骨架信息。对于残基A,即对于1→4葡萄糖,其端基质子(4.53 ppm)与79.49 ppm(1→4甘露糖的第四个碳)有较强的交联信号,表明1→4葡萄糖的端基氢连接与1→4甘露糖的四位碳。对于残基B,即对于1→4甘露糖,其端基质子(4.76 ppm)与79.49 ppm(残基B的第四个碳、残基C的第四个碳)和81.38 ppm(残基A的第四个碳)有较强烈的交联信号,表明1→4甘露糖与1→4甘露糖、O-2乙酰化的1→4甘露糖以及1→4葡萄糖均有通过O-4连接。对于残基C,即O-2乙酰化的1→4甘露糖的端基质子在HMBC谱中没有发现交联信号。此结果经借鉴文献[22,24−28],并与单糖分析、Smith降解、部分酸水解及多糖甲基化GC-MS分析等结合,推断出USP-N多糖可能的主要重复片段如图5所示。
如图6所示,实验结果表明,USP-N对斑马鱼胚胎的毒性效应呈现显著浓度依赖性:暴露72 h后,当药物浓度≥2 mg/mL时,胚胎累积死亡率达100%;而浓度≤1 mg/mL时,存活率维持100%,据此确定其安全阈值为≤1 mg/mL。基于此,实验设计以4 mg/mL为最高浓度,按2倍梯度稀释法设置5组浓度梯度(4、2、1、0.5、0.25 mg/mL),每组3个生物学重复(30胚胎/组),半数致死浓度(EC50)为1.90845 mg/mL。
中性粒细胞与巨噬细胞作为固有免疫系统的重要组成部分,参与机体内各种炎症反应、预防和修复,在免疫系统里有着不可或缺的地位[29−32]。二者均是存在于血液里的细胞,人体一旦产生炎症,这两种细胞会随着血液流动到达病灶。作为内源性气体信号分子,一氧化氮(NO)在炎症调控网络中具有双重调节作用[25]。研究表明,NO能够通过抑制炎症细胞的活化和迁移,减少炎症因子的产生,从而有效缓解炎症症状[33]。临床应用中,NO供体药物已被用于治疗多种炎症性疾病,显示出良好的抗炎效果和安全性[34]。
本研究结果显示,LPS刺激可显著诱导斑马鱼中性粒细胞浸润(图7A和图7B),同时伴随体内一氧化氮(NO)水平异常升高(图7C),通过抑制诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)介导的NO过量生成,阻断炎症信号级联反应,证实其系统性炎症模型的有效性。经USP-N干预后,中性粒细胞向损伤部位的趋化行为及NO释放水平呈现显著剂量依赖性抑制:高剂量组(1 mg/mL)可分别减少中性粒细胞募集和降低NO含量,其效应强度与阳性对照药吲哚美辛无统计学差异(P>0.05)。推测USP-N的药理效应可能与其特有的乙酰化修饰分子构象密切相关[35−38],上述结果为阐明中亚白及中性多糖的抗炎作用提供了关键实验基础,并为其在炎症性疾病治疗中的应用提供了科学依据。
通过机械损伤斑马鱼尾鳍构建炎症模型的研究表明,在断尾术后2 h,转基因荧光标记技术(图8A和图8B)可实时示踪中性粒细胞与巨噬细胞向损伤部位的显著聚集现象。在维持斑马鱼存活的前提下,采用间隔1 h的连续影像记录模式进行8 h动态监测(图8C和图8D,进一步建立时效关系。经定量分析(图8E和图8F),USP-N表现出剂量依赖性的抗炎活性,高剂量显著降低炎症细胞浸润水平。结果表明,USP-N的最佳干预时间为给药后2~3 h,超逾3 h后,药效消失并伴随荧光强度反弹,表示其抗炎作用具有严格的时间敏感性。USP-N可通过调节中性粒细胞与巨噬细胞的迁移,有效抑制斑马鱼炎症反应。
乙酰基化在抗炎方面具有多种机制和广泛的临床应用前景,乙酰基化可以有效减轻炎症反应[39], 肖玉立[40]研究发现不同浓度的乙酰化金针菇子实体多糖对高脂饮食诱导的高血脂小鼠的血脂异常、抗炎症、抗氧化和脂肪堆积情况的影响;Tang等[41]研究发现羊肚菌多糖经乙酰化修饰之后,其抗氧化活性及肝癌细胞抑制率增加,此外,研究发现油茶籽粕、香菇柄多糖、松树蕈多糖等经乙酰化修饰后,抗氧化活性均增强[42−44]。为此,USP-N的药理效应可能与其特有的乙酰化基团密切相关。
本研究系统解析了中亚白及中性多糖(USP-N)的精细结构特征,其在斑马鱼双炎症模型(LPS刺激与机械损伤)中展现出显著抗炎活性。结构表征表明,USP-N以1→4-β-D-葡甘聚糖为主链骨架(葡萄糖与甘露糖摩尔比≈1.14:1),侧链含少量鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖及半乳糖;功能研究证实其可剂量依赖性抑制炎症介质NO释放(P<0.0001),并通过双重调控中性粒细胞与巨噬细胞的趋化迁移,显著降低损伤部位炎症细胞浸润密度(P<0.0001)。不同于传统β-葡聚糖或甘露聚糖,USP-N独特的葡-甘露聚糖杂化骨架及高乙酰化构成其创新性结构基础,在斑马鱼模型中揭示乙酰化多糖通过免疫细胞迁移实现抗炎。由此,1→4链接的葡甘聚糖主链与乙酰化基团的协同效应可能是USP-N抗炎活性的核心活性部位。该发现为以后深入研究中亚白及多糖抗炎构效关系提供思路,未来研究还需深入解析USP-N与特定受体的结合模式及下游信号通路,量化乙酰化位点与取代度对抗炎活性的影响,并在哺乳动物模型中验证其转化潜力。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040212
  • 接收时间:2025-04-17
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-04-15
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    1伊犁师范大学化学化工学院,新疆生物质资源清洁转化与高值利用重点实验室,新疆伊宁 835000
    2伊犁师范大学化学化工学院,新疆维吾尔自治区教育厅天然产物化学与应用重点实验室,新疆伊宁 835000
    3新疆维吾尔自治区新疆医科大学,新疆乌鲁木齐 830017

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热合巴提·努尔夏提(1993−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:天然药物化学,E-mail:。
胡尔西丹·伊麻木(1971−)女,博士,副教授,研究方向:中药学,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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