Article(id=1320883605379858981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883558764359808, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030385, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743436800000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852792353, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1776182400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852792353, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852792353, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852792353, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883558764359808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1776182400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852781239, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852781239, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=232, endPage=239, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320883605627322918, articleId=1320883605379858981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Influence of Stage Moisture Reduction on the Hot Air Drying Characteristics and Quality of Ginger Slices, columnId=1261343843090313538, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Processing Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective: To investigate the effect of adjusting the relative humidity of drying medium on the drying characteristics and quality of ginger slices during hot air drying. Methods: To study the drying characteristics, color, shrinkage, rehydration, effective diffusion coefficient of moisture, gingerol content and total flavonoid content under the drying conditions of 60 ℃, 3.0 m/s air velocity, constant humidity (RH of 15%, 25%, 35%, 45%) and phase humidity reduction (RH45% was kept at 15% for 10, 20, 30 and 60 min, respectively). Results: Under the condition of constant humidity, the drying time of ginger slices was prolonged with the increase of relative humidity; Under the condition of stage humidity reduction, the drying time of ginger slices showed a tendency of decreasing and then increasing with the prolongation of the holding time of high relative humidity, and the drying time was shortened by 0.5 h when the RH was kept at 45% for 20 min and then reduced to 15% after 30 min compared with that of the constant humidity (RH of 15%). The drying process of ginger slices was divided into ascending and descending. The drying process of ginger slices was divided into two phases of ascending and descending, and the moisture Deff varied in the range of 5.21×10−10~6.66×10−10 m2/s. The rehydration of ginger slices was the best, and the color difference value and shrinkage were the smallest when RH45% was kept at 20 min and then decreased to 15%, and the difference was significant compared with that of constant humidity (P<0.05); After RH45% was kept for 30 min and then decreased to 15%, the content of gingerol and total flavonoids in ginger slices was significantly higher than that of constant humidity. Considering the drying time, color difference, shrinkage, rehydration, gingerol and total flavonoids content of ginger slices, it was concluded that the highest comprehensive score of ginger slices was 0.76±0.08 when RH45% was kept at 15% for 30 min, which was the optimal drying process. Conclusion: In the initial stage of hot air drying of ginger slices, keeping higher humidity of drying medium and maintaining it for a suitable time can accelerate the drying rate, shorten the drying time, and have better quality. The application of the phase humidity reduction and regulation strategy to the hot air drying process of ginger slices provides important theoretical support and technical guidance for the ginger processing industry.

, authors=Liyuan HOU, Yahui GENG, Huan MIAO, Xinhan LIU, Haoyu JU*, authorsList=Liyuan HOU, Yahui GENG, Huan MIAO, Xinhan LIU, Haoyu JU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Haoyu JU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320883607707697711, articleId=1320883605379858981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=阶段降湿对生姜片热风干燥特性与品质的影响, columnId=1261343845481066826, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=工艺技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的:探究在热风干燥过程中调节干燥介质的相对湿度对生姜片干燥特性与品质的影响。方法:研究在温度60 ℃,风速3.0 m/s,恒定湿度(RH为15%、25%、35%、45%)和阶段降湿(RH45%分别保持10、20、30与60 min后降为15%)的干燥条件下,生姜片的干燥特性、色泽、收缩率、复水性、水分有效扩散系数、姜辣素含量与总黄酮含量。结果:在恒定湿度条件下,生姜片的干燥时间随着相对湿度的升高而延长;阶段降湿条件下,生姜片干燥时间随着高相对湿度保持时间的延长呈先减小后增大的趋势,RH45%保持20 min与30 min后降为15%时,干燥完成所需要的时间比恒定湿度(RH为15%)时缩短了0.5 h。生姜片的干燥过程分为升速和降速两个阶段,水分Deff变化范围为5.21×10−10~6.66×10−10 m2/s。RH45%保持20 min后降为15%,生姜片的复水性最好,色差值与收缩率最小,与恒定湿度相比差异显著(P<0.05);RH45%保持30 min后降为15%,生姜片中姜辣素含量与总黄酮含量显著高于恒定湿度。综合考虑生姜片的干燥时间、色差、收缩性、复水性、姜辣素含量与总黄酮含量,得出RH45%保持30 min后降为15%,此时生姜片的综合评分最高为0.76±0.08,是最优的干燥工艺。结论:在生姜片的热风干燥初期,保持较高的干燥介质湿度并维持适宜的时间,可以加快干燥速率,缩短干燥时间且品质较好。阶段降湿调控策略应用于生姜片的热风干燥过程中,为生姜加工产业提供了重要的理论支撑和技术指导。

, authors=侯丽媛, 耿亚慧, 苗欢, 刘鑫汉, 巨浩羽*, authorsList=侯丽媛, 耿亚慧, 苗欢, 刘鑫汉, 巨浩羽, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=巨浩羽, authorNote=

侯丽媛(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品工程,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
巨浩羽(1989−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:农产品干燥技术和装备,E-mail:。
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侯丽媛(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品工程,E-mail:

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侯丽媛(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品工程,E-mail:

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注:不同小写字母表示数据差异显著,P<0.05;图4同。

, figureFileSmall=c7PfVxWgYgse8SWiQFSYZg==, figureFileBig=C1maCT2OsZGO7vnOaUl3OA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883610517881436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883605379858981, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Flavonoid content in ginger slices under different drying process conditions, figureFileSmall=R0rUxOLqH9w2YnUopNMyBA==, figureFileBig=bsSt/ZKM6zM7fibCr2F2lA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883610593378909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883605379858981, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同干燥工艺条件下生姜片中黄酮含量, figureFileSmall=R0rUxOLqH9w2YnUopNMyBA==, figureFileBig=bsSt/ZKM6zM7fibCr2F2lA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883610668876382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883605379858981, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Experimental design and parameters

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工艺编号温度(℃)相对湿度(%)分段时间
恒定湿度16015至结束
26025至结束
36035至结束
46045至结束
阶段降湿5604510 min
15至结束
6604520 min
15至结束
7604530 min
15至结束
8604560 min
15至结束
), ArticleFig(id=1320883610731790943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883605379858981, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验设计与参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工艺编号温度(℃)相对湿度(%)分段时间
恒定湿度16015至结束
26025至结束
36035至结束
46045至结束
阶段降湿5604510 min
15至结束
6604520 min
15至结束
7604530 min
15至结束
8604560 min
15至结束
), ArticleFig(id=1320883610803094112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883605379858981, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Water Deff for different drying processes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
干燥工艺线性回归方程r2水分有效扩散系数
(m2/s)
1lnMR=−1.47×10−4t+0.40210.90176.35×10−10
2lnMR=−1.36×10−4t+035350.9546.28×10−10
3lnMR=−1.27×10−4t+030700.96415.72×10−10
4lnMR=−0.97×10−4t+0.08240.99125.49×10−10
5lnMR=−1.05×10−4t+0.11600.98965.61×10−10
6lnMR=−1.37×10−4t+0.22960.96976.66×10−10
7lnMR=−1.33×10−4t+0.27340.93725.87×10−10
8lnMR=−1.19×10−4t+0.26320.94945.21×10−10
), ArticleFig(id=1320883610886980193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883605379858981, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同干燥工艺下生姜片的水分Deff

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干燥工艺线性回归方程r2水分有效扩散系数
(m2/s)
1lnMR=−1.47×10−4t+0.40210.90176.35×10−10
2lnMR=−1.36×10−4t+035350.9546.28×10−10
3lnMR=−1.27×10−4t+030700.96415.72×10−10
4lnMR=−0.97×10−4t+0.08240.99125.49×10−10
5lnMR=−1.05×10−4t+0.11600.98965.61×10−10
6lnMR=−1.37×10−4t+0.22960.96976.66×10−10
7lnMR=−1.33×10−4t+0.27340.93725.87×10−10
8lnMR=−1.19×10−4t+0.26320.94945.21×10−10
), ArticleFig(id=1320883610975060578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883605379858981, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Color, rewaterbernation and contractility of ginger slices under different drying process conditions

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干燥工艺L*a*b* $ \Delta E $复水性(g/g)收缩率(%)
149.05±2.46bc14.59±0.54a44.80±0.48b5.21±0.74d2.38±0.10bc35.20±1.70a
248.03±3.96c10.61±1.47c38.43±3.56d6.94±0.77bcd2.24±0.09cd34.94±2.69a
346.01±3.26c12.22±0.73b41.51±1.19c8.71±1.25ab2.11±0.02de32.06±1.45ab
449.82±3.06bc10.80±0.97c39.24±2.12cd9.38±1.59a2.00±0.12ef30.34±1.00abc
548.77±4.77bc15.14±0.94a48.14±3.37a6.01±0.41cd1.93±0.01f30.52±1.70abc
649.27±0.80bc15.05±0.73a48.51±0.33a4.97±0.58d2.58±0.09a23.27±1.21d
755.37±1.78ab5.22±0.48d40.20±1.27cd6.34±0.08cd2.54±0.03ab26.89±2.68cd
858.75±3.19a6.13±1.04d41.76±2.04c7.71±0.18abc2.39±0.10bc27.27±3.56bcd
), ArticleFig(id=1320883612661170787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883605379858981, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同干燥工艺条件下生姜片的色泽、复水性与收缩性

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干燥工艺L*a*b* $ \Delta E $复水性(g/g)收缩率(%)
149.05±2.46bc14.59±0.54a44.80±0.48b5.21±0.74d2.38±0.10bc35.20±1.70a
248.03±3.96c10.61±1.47c38.43±3.56d6.94±0.77bcd2.24±0.09cd34.94±2.69a
346.01±3.26c12.22±0.73b41.51±1.19c8.71±1.25ab2.11±0.02de32.06±1.45ab
449.82±3.06bc10.80±0.97c39.24±2.12cd9.38±1.59a2.00±0.12ef30.34±1.00abc
548.77±4.77bc15.14±0.94a48.14±3.37a6.01±0.41cd1.93±0.01f30.52±1.70abc
649.27±0.80bc15.05±0.73a48.51±0.33a4.97±0.58d2.58±0.09a23.27±1.21d
755.37±1.78ab5.22±0.48d40.20±1.27cd6.34±0.08cd2.54±0.03ab26.89±2.68cd
858.75±3.19a6.13±1.04d41.76±2.04c7.71±0.18abc2.39±0.10bc27.27±3.56bcd
), ArticleFig(id=1320883612740862564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883605379858981, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Drying quality and comprehensive score of ginger slices under different drying conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
干燥条件综合评分
10.57±0.08b
20.40±0.04cd
30.36±0.03cd
40.25±0.03e
50.31±0.02cde
60.68±0.01a
70.76±0.08a
80.49±0.01bc
), ArticleFig(id=1320883612824748645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883605379858981, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同干燥条件下生姜片的干燥品质与综合评分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
干燥条件综合评分
10.57±0.08b
20.40±0.04cd
30.36±0.03cd
40.25±0.03e
50.31±0.02cde
60.68±0.01a
70.76±0.08a
80.49±0.01bc
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阶段降湿对生姜片热风干燥特性与品质的影响
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侯丽媛 , 耿亚慧 , 苗欢 , 刘鑫汉 , 巨浩羽 *
食品工业科技 | 工艺技术 2026,47(8): 232-239
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食品工业科技 |工艺技术 2026 , 47 (8) : 232 -239
阶段降湿对生姜片热风干燥特性与品质的影响
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侯丽媛 , 耿亚慧, 苗欢, 刘鑫汉, 巨浩羽*
作者信息
  • 河北经贸大学生物科学与工程学院,河北石家庄 050061
通讯作者:
巨浩羽(1989−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:农产品干燥技术和装备,E-mail:。
作者简介:

侯丽媛(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品工程,E-mail:

Influence of Stage Moisture Reduction on the Hot Air Drying Characteristics and Quality of Ginger Slices
Liyuan HOU , Yahui GENG, Huan MIAO, Xinhan LIU, Haoyu JU*
Affiliations
  • College of Biological Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
出版时间: 2026-04-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030385
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目的:探究在热风干燥过程中调节干燥介质的相对湿度对生姜片干燥特性与品质的影响。方法:研究在温度60 ℃,风速3.0 m/s,恒定湿度(RH为15%、25%、35%、45%)和阶段降湿(RH45%分别保持10、20、30与60 min后降为15%)的干燥条件下,生姜片的干燥特性、色泽、收缩率、复水性、水分有效扩散系数、姜辣素含量与总黄酮含量。结果:在恒定湿度条件下,生姜片的干燥时间随着相对湿度的升高而延长;阶段降湿条件下,生姜片干燥时间随着高相对湿度保持时间的延长呈先减小后增大的趋势,RH45%保持20 min与30 min后降为15%时,干燥完成所需要的时间比恒定湿度(RH为15%)时缩短了0.5 h。生姜片的干燥过程分为升速和降速两个阶段,水分Deff变化范围为5.21×10−10~6.66×10−10 m2/s。RH45%保持20 min后降为15%,生姜片的复水性最好,色差值与收缩率最小,与恒定湿度相比差异显著(P<0.05);RH45%保持30 min后降为15%,生姜片中姜辣素含量与总黄酮含量显著高于恒定湿度。综合考虑生姜片的干燥时间、色差、收缩性、复水性、姜辣素含量与总黄酮含量,得出RH45%保持30 min后降为15%,此时生姜片的综合评分最高为0.76±0.08,是最优的干燥工艺。结论:在生姜片的热风干燥初期,保持较高的干燥介质湿度并维持适宜的时间,可以加快干燥速率,缩短干燥时间且品质较好。阶段降湿调控策略应用于生姜片的热风干燥过程中,为生姜加工产业提供了重要的理论支撑和技术指导。

生姜片  /  热风干燥  /  阶段降湿  /  姜辣素  /  复水比

Objective: To investigate the effect of adjusting the relative humidity of drying medium on the drying characteristics and quality of ginger slices during hot air drying. Methods: To study the drying characteristics, color, shrinkage, rehydration, effective diffusion coefficient of moisture, gingerol content and total flavonoid content under the drying conditions of 60 ℃, 3.0 m/s air velocity, constant humidity (RH of 15%, 25%, 35%, 45%) and phase humidity reduction (RH45% was kept at 15% for 10, 20, 30 and 60 min, respectively). Results: Under the condition of constant humidity, the drying time of ginger slices was prolonged with the increase of relative humidity; Under the condition of stage humidity reduction, the drying time of ginger slices showed a tendency of decreasing and then increasing with the prolongation of the holding time of high relative humidity, and the drying time was shortened by 0.5 h when the RH was kept at 45% for 20 min and then reduced to 15% after 30 min compared with that of the constant humidity (RH of 15%). The drying process of ginger slices was divided into ascending and descending. The drying process of ginger slices was divided into two phases of ascending and descending, and the moisture Deff varied in the range of 5.21×10−10~6.66×10−10 m2/s. The rehydration of ginger slices was the best, and the color difference value and shrinkage were the smallest when RH45% was kept at 20 min and then decreased to 15%, and the difference was significant compared with that of constant humidity (P<0.05); After RH45% was kept for 30 min and then decreased to 15%, the content of gingerol and total flavonoids in ginger slices was significantly higher than that of constant humidity. Considering the drying time, color difference, shrinkage, rehydration, gingerol and total flavonoids content of ginger slices, it was concluded that the highest comprehensive score of ginger slices was 0.76±0.08 when RH45% was kept at 15% for 30 min, which was the optimal drying process. Conclusion: In the initial stage of hot air drying of ginger slices, keeping higher humidity of drying medium and maintaining it for a suitable time can accelerate the drying rate, shorten the drying time, and have better quality. The application of the phase humidity reduction and regulation strategy to the hot air drying process of ginger slices provides important theoretical support and technical guidance for the ginger processing industry.

ginger slices  /  hot air drying  /  stage moisture reduction  /  ginger  /  rehydration ratio
侯丽媛, 耿亚慧, 苗欢, 刘鑫汉, 巨浩羽. 阶段降湿对生姜片热风干燥特性与品质的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (8) : 232 -239 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030385
Liyuan HOU, Yahui GENG, Huan MIAO, Xinhan LIU, Haoyu JU. Influence of Stage Moisture Reduction on the Hot Air Drying Characteristics and Quality of Ginger Slices[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (8) : 232 -239 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030385
生姜为姜科多年生草本植物姜的新鲜根茎,中国是全球最大的生姜生产国家,2023年中国的生姜总产量达到约210万吨[1]。生姜能杀菌解毒,促进血液循环,提高脑部供氧,预防心血管疾病[2-3],其特有的姜辣素能刺激唾液和胃液的分泌、促进消化[4-5]、促进血液循环、缓解疼痛,具有抗炎、抗氧化、增强身体代谢的作用[6-7]。新鲜生姜的含水率一般在85%以上,其质地比较鲜嫩,表皮很薄,易受损伤,容易腐烂变质,不易长期保存。因此将新鲜的生姜制成干制品,不仅可以延长其货架期,而且干燥后的生姜体积减小,便于携带,有利于丰富生姜在食品领域的市场。
目前生姜片的干燥方式有自然晾晒、微波干燥[8]、真空冷冻干燥[9]、远红外干燥[10]方式等,而热风干燥因其操作简便,仍然是一种应用最普遍的干燥方式。任祥瑞等[11]利用热风干燥生姜片,研究发现热风干燥温度在55~65 ℃最佳,在该温度下,干燥后的生姜片中活性成分保存较好。葛玉全等[12]对生姜热风干燥动力学进行了研究,研究表明选择厚度小、温度高的干燥环境,节省能源,减少成本;进一步拟合了能较好地描述水分含量随干燥时间的变化关系的方程模型,表明当切片厚度为2 mm,干燥温度为60 ℃时,适合实际生产。热风干燥操作简单,但热风干燥效率低,湿度调控不精准,易导致物料表面结壳,内部水分迁移较缓慢,从而延长了干燥时间。长时间受热还会造成有效成分损失,并引发褐变和变形,降低产品品质。
相对湿度(relative humidity,RH)是热风干燥中的一个重要参数,对物料的干燥特性与品质有重要影响。基于温湿度控制的热风干燥技术已被应用于山药片、西洋参、香菇[13]、胡萝卜[14-15]和杏子[16]等果蔬物料的干燥研究中,效果良好,其能很好地改善物料的干燥品质并且减少干燥时间。例如,张卫鹏等[17]研究表明,相对湿度45%保持20 min后降为15%时,相较于恒定湿度,山药片干燥完成所需的时间缩短了8.3%,复水性也比较好。巨浩羽等[18]在西洋参的干燥过程中发现,RH在20%~40%时,RH越低,干燥速率越快,而在高湿保持5 h后降为低湿,与连续排湿条件相比,西洋参干燥时间缩短了3.4%,水分有效扩散系数也显著大于连续排湿条件,并且品质较好。目前,热风干燥技术应用于生姜片的干燥相关的研究很多,而关于调控介质湿度对生姜片干燥速率及品质影响的研究较少,本研究拟对比恒定湿度和阶段降湿条件对生姜干燥特性及品质的影响,比较在不同干燥条件下生姜片的收缩率、复水比、姜辣素提取含量与总黄酮含量,通过调控干燥介质相对湿度优化生姜片的热风干燥工艺,为生姜加工产业提供了重要的理论支撑和技术指导。
新鲜生姜 购买于当地农贸市场,挑选无机械损伤,无病虫害损伤的新鲜生姜作为实验材料,初始含水率为90.35%±0.64%;无水乙醇 天津市百世化工有限公司;香草醛标准品 西陇科学股份有限公司;芦丁标准品 成都曼思特生物科技有限公司;亚硝酸钠 分析纯,天津市大茂化学试剂厂;氢氧化钠 分析纯,天津益力化学试剂有限公司。
AHRD010-DX基于温湿度控制的箱式热风干燥试验装置 广东奥伯特节能设备有限公司;UV765紫外分光光度计 上海佑科仪器仪表有限公司;HZK-FA220电子天平 福州华志科学仪器有限公司;SC-10色差仪 广东三恩时科技有限公司;LK-600A型万能粉碎机 上海新诺仪器设备有限公司。
将新鲜的生姜洗净后,沿横向切成1~2 mm厚的薄片;取5片切好的姜片,均匀平铺于网状吊篮内,记录初始重量。将样品放入105 ℃电热鼓风干燥箱中;烘干3 h后开始称重,之后每30 min称重1次,当连续两次称重差值≤0.05 g时停止干燥[19]。得到生姜的初始含水率为90.35%±0.64%。
将生姜洗净后,沿横向切成1 cm厚的薄片,将处理后的200 g的生姜片一层均匀铺在网状吊盘内,根据表1进行试验,首先对干燥箱内进行预热,使温度达到设定的温度值,每隔10 min称其质量并记录时间,1 h后每隔30 min称量一次,以当干基含水率低于8%,或前后两次称重相差不超过0.5 g作为干燥终点。每组200 g,两组平行试验,每组试验重复三次,结果取均值。干燥后样品密封于聚乙烯袋,冷藏保存。
水分比(moisture ratio,MR)是干燥过程中用于表征物料剩余水分变化程度的参数,可以反映物料干燥的快慢。不同时刻水分比的计算公式可简化为公式(1)计算[20]:
$\rm MR={M}_{\text{t}}/{M}_{0} $
式中:MR为水分比,g/g;Mt为干燥t时刻的干基含水率,g/g;M0为初始干基含水率,g/g。
其中,干基含水率的计算公式为:
$\rm {M}_{\text{t}}=({W}_{t}-G)/G $
式中:Wt为干燥任意时刻的总质量,g;G为绝干物质质量,g。
干燥速率(drying rate,DR)按公式(3)计算:
$\rm DR=({M}_{{{\text{t}}_{1}}}-{M}_{{{t}_{2}}})/({t}_{1}-{t}_{2}) $
式中:DR为生姜片的干燥速率,g/(g·h);Mt1为t1时的干基含水率,g/g;Mt2为t2时的干基含水率,g/g。
按公式(4)计算水分有效扩散系数[21]。
$\rm lnMR=ln\frac{\text{8}}{{\text{π}}^{\text{2}}}-\frac{{\text{π}}^{\text{2}}{\text{D}}_{\text{eff}}}{{\text{L}}^{ \text{2}}}\text{t} $
式中:Deff为水分有效扩散系数;L为物料的厚度,m;t为干燥时间,s。
称取5 g干姜片(精确至0.01 g),将样品置于150 mL烧杯中,加入100 mL蒸馏水,烧杯移入恒温水浴锅,60±1 ℃静置复水60 min。复水结束后,用标准网吊篮缓慢捞出样品,沥水30 min后称重[22],按公式(5)计算。
$\rm RR(g/g)={\text{m}}_{2}/{m}_{1} $
式中:RR为生姜片的复水性,g/g;m2 生姜片复水后的质量,g;m1 生姜片复水前的质量,g。
本研究采用体积排除法测定生姜片的干燥收缩率[23]。将细沙倒入量筒,轻摇至表面平整,避免压实。将干燥前后生姜片埋入细沙,轻摇量筒使沙粒自然填充空隙,记录体积。收缩率按公式(6)计算:
$\rm SR(\text{%})=({V}_{0}-{V}_{\text{g}})/{V}_{g} $
式中:SR为收缩率,%;V0为生姜片的初始体积,mL;Vg为干燥后生姜片的体积,mL。
采用色差仪测量[24]干燥前后生姜片的绿红值a*、蓝黄值b*、明亮度L*,根据公式计算出生姜片干燥前后的色差值ΔE,其中,ΔE的计算公式如下:
$ \Delta E=\sqrt{[{({{L}_{0}}{{}^{\text{*}}}-{{L}^\text{*}})}^{2}+{({{\textit{a}}_{\text{0}}}{^\text{*}}-{{\mathrm{a}}^\text{*}})}^{2}+{({{b}_{0}}{^\text{*}}-{{b}^\text{*}})}^{2}]} $
式中:L*、a*、b*为干燥后生姜片的色泽值;$ L_{0}^{*} $、$ a_{0}^{*} $、$ b_{0}^{*} $为干燥前新鲜生姜片的色泽值。
标准曲线的制作:利用香草醛标准曲线法测定姜辣素的得率,制作标准曲线参照朱恩俊[25]的方法,以香草醛浓度为横坐标,吸光度值为纵坐标,由标准曲线所得到的线性回归方程为:y=0.024x−0.007,R2=0.998。将干燥完成的生姜片用粉碎机粉碎,过60目筛,得到姜粉。精确称量0.1 g姜粉(过60目筛),将其放入15 mL具塞试管中,加入一定浓度的乙醇溶液,在设定温度的水浴锅中浸提一定时间,冷却、定容、过滤,得到姜辣素样品。
姜辣素含量计算:准确移取4.0 mL提取液于25 mL容量瓶中,用95%乙醇定容至刻度,摇匀,得待测液。以95%乙醇作为空白参比,使用紫外分光光度计,在280 nm波长下测定吸光度(3次平行,取平均值)。根据公式(8)计算待测液姜辣素含量。
$ \rm{姜}辣素含量(\text{%})=\frac{2.001\times V_0\times V_1\times C}{V_2\times W\times10^6}\times100 $
式中:C为由标准曲线计算得到的香草醛浓度,μg/mL;V1为样品供试液的最终定容体积,mL;V0为提取液的总体积,mL;V2为吸取提取液的体积,mL;W为干燥后生姜粉的质量,g。
干燥后生姜片中总黄酮含量的测定参照许庆陵等[26]的方法。以芦丁浓度为横坐标,吸光度值为纵坐标制作成标准曲线。回归分析得到的方程为:y=11.993x+0.017,R2=0.968。其中x为芦丁浓度(mg/mL),y为样品吸光值。总黄酮含量按公式(9)计算。
$ \rm{黄酮含量}(\text{%})=\frac{a\times\text{c}\times\text{v}}{\text{W}}\times100$
其中,a为稀释倍数;c为黄酮浓度,mg/mL;v为提取液体积,mL;W为干燥后姜片质量,g。
正向指标(复水性、姜辣素含量、总黄酮含量),负向指标(收缩性、干燥时间、色差)归一化公式分别为[27]:
$\rm {\text{y}}_{i}=({x}_{i}-{x}_{\max })/({x}_{\max }-{\mathrm{x}}_{\min }) $
$\rm {\text{y}}_{i}=({x}_{\max }-{x}_{i})/({x}_{\max }-{x}_{\min }) $
式中:yi为归一值;xi为指标实际值;xmax和xmin分别为指标最大值和最小值
按照式(10)、式(11)进行加权,得到不同干燥条件下的综合评分(Y)。
$\rm Y={\text{y}}_{1}{l}_{1}+{y}_{2}{l}_{2}+{y}_{3}{l}_{3}+{y}_{4}{l}_{4}+{y}_{5}{l}_{5}+{y}_{6}{l}_{6} $
式中:y1~y6分别为(复水性、姜辣素含量、总黄酮含量、收缩性、干燥时间与色差)归一化后的结果,l1~l6分别对应其权重。
保证干燥时间较小与姜辣素含量较好的条件下,使复水性、色差、收缩性、总黄酮含量较好。采用层次分析法[27],得出复水性、姜辣素含量、总黄酮含量、收缩性、干燥时间与色差的权重分别为0.1、0.3、0.1、0.1、0.3与0.1。
所有试验重复三次,利用Excel对试验数据进行初步的整理,试验结果以平均值±标准差表示,利用SPSS27.0进行单因素方差分析,应用Origin2021软件作图,P<0.05表示差异显著。
不同恒定湿度条件下,生姜片的热风干燥特性曲线与干燥速率曲线变化如图1所示,由图1可知,恒定湿度15%、25%、35%、45%条件下,生姜片干燥完成所需要的时间分别为9.5、10.5、10.5、11 h,相对湿度15%相较于45%时,干燥时间缩短了13.6%。表明降低干燥介质的相对湿度有助于提高干燥速率,缩短干燥时间,推测降低RH可增大物料表面与介质间蒸汽压差,促进水分外迁,从而缩短干燥时间,这与Ogawa等[28]研究所得结果一致。由图1(b)可知,生姜片的干燥过程分为先升速后降速两个阶段,相对湿度越低,干燥速率越快。降低干燥室湿度可增大物料表面与介质间蒸汽压差,强化水分蒸发,当表面水分蒸发量减少,内部水分需要迁移至物料表面,内部迁移速率成为限制因素,导致干燥曲线进入降速阶段,从而干燥速率下降[29]。
阶段降湿条件下生姜片的干燥特性与干燥速率曲线如图2所示,由图2可知,RH45%分别保持10 min、20 min、30 min、60 min后降为15%,生姜片干燥完成所需的时间分别为11、9、9、10 h。生姜片的干燥时间随着高相对湿度保持时间的延长呈现先减小后增大的趋势。RH45%保持20 min与30 min后降为15%,生姜片的干燥时间无显著差异,相较于RH15%的恒定湿度条件,干燥时间缩短了0.5 h。这是因为对于高相对湿度阶段预热物料,降低其相对湿度后,会促进后续物料内部水分的散失,致使干燥时间缩短。RH45%保持10 min与60 min后降为15%,总干燥时间延长,可能是由于高相对湿度保持较短时间后,直接降为低相对湿度,会导致物料表面结壳现象较早出现,所以干燥时间会延长;而高相对湿度保持时间过长时,物料表面与干燥介质之间的水蒸气分压差会减小,不利于水分的蒸发[30]。因此在阶段降湿前期保持适当时间的高相对湿度有利于提高姜片的干燥速率、缩短干燥时间,但高相对湿度保持时间过长或过短会延长干燥时间。
Deff是表征物料内部水分迁移能力的核心参数,其值越大,说明水分从内部向表面扩散的速率越快,干燥效率越高。通过线性回归计算得出生姜片的水分Deff。表2数据显示,不同干燥工艺下生姜片的Deff值范围为5.21×10−10~6.66×10−10 m2/s。在恒定湿度条件下,Deff随着相对湿度的增大而增大,阶段降湿条件下,Deff随着高相对湿度保持时间的增大先增大后减小。说明热风干燥过程前期保持适当时间的高RH,可以提高水分Deff,减少干燥时间。
不同干燥条件下生姜的色差、复水性与收缩率如表3所示。干燥过程会对物料内部结构造成破坏,提高干燥后物料的复水性对物料的品质有重要影响,干制品的复水性越高,干制品品质越好[31]。由表3可知,不同恒定湿度条件下,生姜片的复水性没有显著差异;阶段降湿条件下,RH45%保持20 min与30 min后降为15%,生姜片的复水性显著高于其他干燥条件(P<0.05),可能是由于物料内部充分预热,内部多孔结构保持完整,复水性较好。而相对湿度45%保持10 min后降为15%,此时生姜片的复水性最差,可能是由于相对湿度降幅很大,物料表面水分迅速蒸发,内部多孔结构被破坏[18],因此复水性最差。
由表3可知,恒定湿度为15%时,收缩率最大,为35.20%±1.70%;阶段降湿条件下,生姜片的收缩率随着高相对湿度保持时间的延长呈现先缩小后增大的趋势,其中相对湿度45%保持20 min后降为15%,在该条件下生姜片的收缩率最小,为23.27%±1.21%。造成该现象的原因可能是由于在低相对湿度条件的干燥过程中,物料表面较快发生结壳现象,导致收缩率较大,而在高相对湿度保持一定时间下,物料发生结壳现象较晚,并且干燥时间较短,干燥速率较快,因此收缩率较小。
b*正值表示生姜片的黄色程度,可以看到工艺6即RH45%保持20 min后降为15%,该条件下干燥后生姜片的黄色程度显著(P<0.05)大于其他条件。在恒定湿度条件下,生姜片的$ \Delta E $随着相对湿度的升高而增大;阶段降湿条件下,$ \Delta E $随着高相对湿度保持时间的延长先减小后增大。高相对湿度保持20 min后降为15%,该条件下生姜片干燥前后$ \Delta {E} $最小为4.97±0.58;而在恒定湿度45%的条件下,生姜片干燥前后$ \Delta E $最大为9.38±1.59。原因可能是由于高相对湿度保持20 min后降为15%时,生姜片的干燥速率较快,干燥时间短,有利于生姜片颜色的保存。而恒定湿度45%条件下,生姜片的干燥时间长,增加了姜片与外界环境的接触,从而使得生姜片氧化褐变[32]。
姜辣素是生姜重要的特征成分,因此干燥结束后姜辣素的含量是判断生姜片干制品品质的重要依据。由图3可知,在恒定湿度条件下,姜辣素的含量随着相对湿度的增大而减小;在阶段降湿的条件下,姜辣素的含量随着高相对湿度保持时间的延长呈现先增大后减小趋势,工艺7即高相对湿度保持30 min后降为15%,在该条件下姜辣素的含量最高为2.47%±0.16%。可能是由于该条件下干燥时间最短且物料内部充分预热,从而减少了酚类化合物的氧化和降解,所以姜辣素含量较高[33]。
黄酮类化合物有清除自由基的作用[34]。不同干燥条件下生姜片中黄酮含量如图4所示,由图4可知,阶段降湿条件与恒定湿度相比,阶段降湿条件下的总黄酮含量较高。在恒定湿度条件下,随着相对湿度的升高,生姜片中的总黄酮含量也随之减少,减少的趋势较缓慢。而在阶段降湿条件下,随着高湿保持时间的延长,生姜片中的总黄酮含量呈现先增加后减少的趋势,并且趋势较明显。相对湿度45%保持30 min后降为15%条件下,生姜片的总黄酮含量显著(P<0.05)高于其他条件,为21.74%±2.10%。原因可能是由于在该条件下,生姜片的干燥时间短,减短了黄酮流失的时间[11],所以该条件下的黄酮含量最高。
综合考虑复水性、色差、姜辣素含量、收缩性、干燥时间与总黄酮含量,得出当相对湿度45%保持30 min后降为15%,在该条件下生姜片的干燥效率与干燥品质较好,是最优的干燥工艺。在此条件下,生姜片的复水性为2.54±0.03 g/g、色差为6.34±0.08、姜辣素含量为2.47%±0.16%、收缩性为26.89%±2.68%、干燥时间为9 h、总黄酮含量为21.74%±2.10%、综合评分为0.76±0.08。
本试验将阶段降湿工艺应用于生姜片的热风干燥中,系统的分析了其干燥特性与干燥品质。结果表明在恒定湿度条件下生姜片的干燥时间随着相对湿度的升高而延长;阶段降湿条件下,生姜片的干燥时间随着高相对湿度保持时间的延长呈现先缩短后延长的趋势,水分有效扩散系数为5.21×10−10~6.66×10−10 m2/s。其中相对湿度45%分别保持20 min与30 min后降为15%时生姜的干燥时间最短,为9 h。相对湿度保持30 min后降为15%,该条件下生姜片的姜辣素含量与总黄酮含量显著高于恒定湿度条件。对复水性、姜辣素含量、总黄酮含量、收缩性、干燥时间与色差进行综合评价,相对湿度45%保持30 min后降为15%,该条件下综合评分最高,为0.76±0.08。
该试验研究了生姜片在恒定湿度与阶段降湿条件下的干燥特性与品质,结果表明阶段降湿工艺应用于生姜片的热风干燥过程中,可以提高生姜片的干燥速率,缩短其干燥时间。但高相对湿度保持时间过长或者过短都会影响其干燥品质,因此在干燥前期保持适宜时长的高相对湿度有利于生姜片的干燥。本文将阶段降湿技术应用于生姜片的干燥,为加快生姜片的干燥速率和品质提供理论基础与技术支持。

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2026年第47卷第8期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030385
  • 接收时间:2025-04-01
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-01
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    河北经贸大学生物科学与工程学院,河北石家庄 050061

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巨浩羽(1989−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:农产品干燥技术和装备,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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