Article(id=1320882381200933205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880138208784845, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080222, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1755792000000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852500486, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1785513600000, pubDateStr=2026-08-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852500486, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852500486, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852500486, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880138208784845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='15', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1785513600000', pubDateStr='2026-08-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792851965715, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792851965715, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=398, endPage=411, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320882381427425622, articleId=1320882381200933205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of Low-voltage Electrostatic Field on the Post-harvest Color and Flavor of Sweet Corn, columnId=1261343845820805453, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Storage and Preservation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the effect of a low-voltage electrostatic field (LVEF) on the post-harvest color and flavor of sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. Nongke Nuo 336), samples were subjected to a 1 kV LVEF treatment during storage for 8 days. Changes in color difference, wrinkling rate, sensory score, the activities of antioxidant enzymes—peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, flavonoid content, organic acids, sugars, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were monitored throughout storage. The results showed that the variation in color difference was significantly smaller in the LVEF-treated group. POD and PAL activities remained relatively stable and at higher levels, while the increases in MDA content and PPO activity were lower, and the decline in flavonoid content was slower, suggesting that LVEF mitigated oxidative damage to cellular structures. During storage, LVEF treatment enhanced the accumulation of antioxidant-related organic acids such as chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, and (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid, while decreasing the levels of sourness-related organic acids such as azelaic acid and trans-/cis-aconitic acid. Moreover, LVEF treatment effectively slowed the reduction in sugar content, promoted the accumulation of desirable VOCs (e.g., methyl acetate, β-ocimene, and 4-hexen-3-one), and suppressed the formation of undesirable VOCs (e.g., 1-butanol and acetoin) associated with musty, sour, and fermented odors. Overall, LVEF treatment delayed post-harvest color darkening, preserved flavor quality, and effectively extended the shelf life of sweet corn.

, authors=Hua CHEN1, 2, Tianyu LI1, 2, Yanyan ZHENG2, Jinhua ZUO2, Yunxiang WANG2, Xinyi FENG2, Lihong WANG1, *, authorsList=Hua CHEN, Tianyu LI, Yanyan ZHENG, Jinhua ZUO, Yunxiang WANG, Xinyi FENG, Lihong WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lihong WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320882385193910635, articleId=1320882381200933205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=低压静电场对鲜食玉米采后色泽和风味的影响, columnId=1261343846517059923, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=贮运保鲜, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为研究低压静电场(low-voltage electrostatic field,LVEF)对鲜食玉米采后色泽和风味的影响,本实验以‘农科糯336’鲜食玉米为实验材料,在1 kV的LVEF条件下贮藏8 d,分析贮藏期间鲜食玉米的色泽、皱缩率、感官评分、抗氧化酶(过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammoniase,PAL)和多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO))活力、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量、类黄酮含量、有机酸含量、糖类含量,以及挥发性有机化合物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)的变化情况。结果表明,经过1 kV LVEF处理的鲜食玉米色泽变化幅度显著减小,处理组中POD和PAL活力相对稳定且维持在较高水平,MDA含量和PPO活力上升幅度较小,而类黄酮含量下降程度较低,反映出LVEF减缓了细胞结构的氧化损伤。在贮藏阶段,LVEF处理提高了鲜食玉米绿原酸、隐绿原酸和(R)-3-羟基丁酸等抗氧化性相关有机酸含量,降低了壬二酸和反式/顺式-乌头酸等酸涩味相关的有机酸含量;同时,LVEF处理可有效减缓糖类的下降速度,促进乙酸甲酯、β-罗勒烯和4-己烯-3-酮等VOCs的积累,抑制正丁醇和乙偶姻等带有霉味、酸腐味及发酵果酒味的不良风味物质的积累,以保持鲜食玉米的良好风味品质。总之,LVEF处理可以延缓鲜食玉米采后色泽转暗,维持鲜食玉米在贮藏期间的风味品质,有效延长其保质期。

, authors=陈华1, 2, 李天宇1, 2, 郑鄢燕2, 左进华2, 王云香2, 冯欣怡2, 王利红1, *, authorsList=陈华, 李天宇, 郑鄢燕, 左进华, 王云香, 冯欣怡, 王利红, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王利红, authorNote=

陈华(1999−),男,硕士,研究方向:农产品采后保鲜与冷链物流,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
王利红(1986−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:农产品贮藏与加工,E-mail:。
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注:相较于CK组,同一贮藏时间内,标记*表示差异显著(P<0.05),**表示差异极显著(P<0.01);图3~图5同。

, figureFileSmall=hMRBrtpgeIxnHAsWioFmLw==, figureFileBig=iO2sv3pwh/vlm7Mn3OcWvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882392491999655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882381200933205, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of LVEF treatment on color difference (A~C) of sweet corn, figureFileSmall=y31nOTHbfSdmUbbYums8RA==, figureFileBig=7rGsxAkaTe2BMLQfU47NGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882392726880680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882381200933205, language=CN, label=图3, caption=LVEF处理对鲜食玉米色泽(A~C)的影响, figureFileSmall=y31nOTHbfSdmUbbYums8RA==, figureFileBig=7rGsxAkaTe2BMLQfU47NGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882392831738281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882381200933205, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of LVEF treatment on MDA content (A) and flavonoid content (B) of sweet corn, figureFileSmall=qdmKe4+nrjMvh29OJ+zkSw==, figureFileBig=5DUPHrmr0XeizIKl0FUBVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882392898847147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882381200933205, language=CN, label=图4, caption=LVEF处理对鲜食玉米丙二醛含量(A)和类黄酮含量(B)的影响, figureFileSmall=qdmKe4+nrjMvh29OJ+zkSw==, figureFileBig=5DUPHrmr0XeizIKl0FUBVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882392986927532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882381200933205, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of LVEF treatment on POD (A), PAL (B), and PPO (C) in sweet corn, figureFileSmall=LNMHIw1JD+fHZuhNMZ5XfQ==, figureFileBig=PqP5aZbRkDNhbHQx+Nk2FA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882393058230701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882381200933205, language=CN, label=图5, caption=LVEF处理对鲜食玉米过氧化物酶(A)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(B)和多酚氧化酶(C)的影响, figureFileSmall=LNMHIw1JD+fHZuhNMZ5XfQ==, figureFileBig=PqP5aZbRkDNhbHQx+Nk2FA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882393112756654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882381200933205, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Principal component analysis of the overall sample (A), correlation analysis of quality control samples (B), bar chart of substance contents (C), and volcano plots of differentially abundant organic acids among different groups (D~E), figureFileSmall=E+AF6kp/sHZgea4SqkZ9wQ==, figureFileBig=uXaOn2YTZh+v/gQuUdQDEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882393179865519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882381200933205, language=CN, label=图6, caption=总体样本主成分分析(A)、质控样本相关性分析(B)、物质含量柱状图(C)和不同分组差异有机酸火山图(D~E), figureFileSmall=E+AF6kp/sHZgea4SqkZ9wQ==, figureFileBig=uXaOn2YTZh+v/gQuUdQDEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882393255362992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882381200933205, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=KEGG enrichment analysis diagrams of different groups (A~B), starch and sucrose metabolic pathway diagram (C), and changes in sugar content among groups (D), figureFileSmall=jZ0GU+rz/Pg4JYMqohr0lw==, figureFileBig=qipOM3k+Yr3cjMzcwHabTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882393351831985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882381200933205, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同组别KEGG富集分析图(A~B)、淀粉与蔗糖代谢通路图(C)和糖类在各组的含量变化(D), figureFileSmall=jZ0GU+rz/Pg4JYMqohr0lw==, figureFileBig=qipOM3k+Yr3cjMzcwHabTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882393452495282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882381200933205, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Distribution plot of CV in each group of samples, figureFileSmall=BtmZtt0t7ms2iLV/t7dFkw==, figureFileBig=jI0vMWpyjMt9Tx4Emj5ARw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882393540575667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882381200933205, language=CN, label=图8, caption=各组样本中CV分布图, figureFileSmall=BtmZtt0t7ms2iLV/t7dFkw==, figureFileBig=jI0vMWpyjMt9Tx4Emj5ARw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882393611878836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882381200933205, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Electronic nose radar chromatogram (A~B), principal component analysis plot (C), and loading analysis plot (D), figureFileSmall=J+csvkcPH84uIOMetaH1Ww==, figureFileBig=7QFk1r5wglokDVGlWZQ7Rg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882393691570613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882381200933205, language=CN, label=图9, caption=电子鼻的雷达图(A~B)、主成分分析图(C)和载荷分析图(D), figureFileSmall=J+csvkcPH84uIOMetaH1Ww==, figureFileBig=7QFk1r5wglokDVGlWZQ7Rg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882393771262390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882381200933205, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Volatile organic compound fingerprint (A), GC-IMS two-dimensional comparative spectra of sweet corn from the treatment group and the control group at different storage periods (B), figureFileSmall=ur+L7rRIH9BPpmlZoVrozg==, figureFileBig=qdp0xvB1eLGRxGIy/dy8FA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882393829982647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882381200933205, language=CN, label=图10, caption=挥发性有机化合物指纹图谱(A)、处理组和对照组的不同贮藏时期鲜食玉米的GC-IMS比对二维谱图(B), figureFileSmall=ur+L7rRIH9BPpmlZoVrozg==, figureFileBig=qdp0xvB1eLGRxGIy/dy8FA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882393897091512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882381200933205, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Evaluation standard for sensory quality of sweet corn

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分值色泽(15%)气味(25%)质地(20%)新鲜度(25%)可接受度(15%)
1~3颜色暗淡有酸败异味籽粒凹陷严重,韧性极差萎蔫、褐变或霉变严重不能接受
4~7色泽较暗淡无香气风味
芳香味道较淡
籽粒有轻微凹陷
柔韧性较差,皮薄
局部稍有霉变或褐变可以接受
8~10色泽均匀且有光泽感具有清新香甜的味道籽粒鲜嫩饱满,柔软皮厚无褐变、霉变接受度高
), ArticleFig(id=1320882393968394681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882381200933205, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

鲜食玉米感官评分标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分值色泽(15%)气味(25%)质地(20%)新鲜度(25%)可接受度(15%)
1~3颜色暗淡有酸败异味籽粒凹陷严重,韧性极差萎蔫、褐变或霉变严重不能接受
4~7色泽较暗淡无香气风味
芳香味道较淡
籽粒有轻微凹陷
柔韧性较差,皮薄
局部稍有霉变或褐变可以接受
8~10色泽均匀且有光泽感具有清新香甜的味道籽粒鲜嫩饱满,柔软皮厚无褐变、霉变接受度高
), ArticleFig(id=1320882394048086458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882381200933205, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effect of LVEF on the organic acid content of sweet corn

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质CK-0 d(ng/g)CK-8 d(ng/g)LVEF-8 d(ng/g)
L-苹果酸1391272.75±71613.06b2072048.07±37892.42a2235872.47±128614.45a
琥珀酸143318.71±2357.36a95990.88±5007.26b133243.38±6452.48a
乙酰丙酸32345.90±936.87a28097.17±460.16b32973.36±1082.36a
戊二酸32021.02±1777.89c37384.78±1294.29b48110.56±1949.01a
泛酸11190.13±500.99c18751.58±650.63b21623.35±579.13a
乳酸9142.46±1127.03b6480.08±1587.17b21491.26±2881.40a
顺式-乌头酸9068.55±443.17c26167.68±904.26a24063.73±1060.13b
4-氨基丁酸8952.56±285.24a2565.83±233.23b2649.15±552.21b
富马酸6060.09±1290.04b15983.50±177.27a19242.02±2397.18a
反式-乌头酸5774.04±377.39b11516.58±1857.02a11195.01±1384.31a
酒石酸5482.63±133.09b6325.94±179.58a6093.65±185.53a
丙酮酸4097.03±220.65b4778.90±331.72ab5657.00±637.13a
α-酮戊二酸2295.89±175.32c3157.48±16.43b4028.38±181.81a
新绿原酸2292.45±257.95a179.15±25.89c1038.86±30.56b
5-羟基吲哚-3-乙酸1617.64±130.67a968.64±132.49c1317.95±35.53b
3-羟基异戊酸1581.79±73.90a700.50±13.48c1140.08±22.54b
L-焦谷氨酸1155.59±100.42a975.09±47.3a1123.28±112.86a
甲基丁二酸893.32±27.94c1534.14±69.27b2246.22±46.03a
阿魏酸807.50±71.43a642.32±53.04b865.77±58.97a
己二酸614.07±13.70a38.45±7.32c139.53±14.41b
吲哚-3-乙酸539.66±29.19a245.01±38.27b262.72±42.78b
3-羟基-3-甲基谷氨酸531.90±18.71b357.43±11.36c675.93±30.23a
DL-3-苯基乳酸483.50±60.19b149.63±36.75c1036.07±168.15a
4-香豆酸462.23±43.72a487.03±41.79a498.04±72.02a
莽草酸433.85±15.91c506.75±25.16b581.40±37.7a
隐绿原酸414.30±18.34a80.64±24.58c192.62±24.48b
(R)-3-羟基丁酸372.63±13.34aNA110.59±30.14b
咖啡酸297.62±9.98a211.18±3.77b276.17±21.79a
3-(4-羟基苯基)乳酸283.03±42.44b276.92±31.89b1146.50±174.14a
牛磺酸250.65±7.03c462.20±25.94a385.44±35.84b
对羟基苯甲酸169.27±10.31a115.73±1.32b125.51±12.12b
2-羟基-3-甲基丁酸148.90±8.97a21.49±4.12c61.07±10.53b
水杨酸108.37±12.75a48.92±0.92c90.12±3.64b
2-羟基-2-甲基丁酸73.08±2.96a50.96±3.00b67.37±3.20a
辛二酸61.40±5.86a51.00±9.53a56.29±1.50a
苯乙酰甘氨酸39.78±8.94c145.00±20.13b432.22±12.66a
3-甲基己二酸38.33±8.17a14.21±3.99b29.16±7.67a
壬二酸35.45±6.94b150.07±22.04a134.14±33.06a
3-吲哚乙酸33.20±3.48a2.72±4.07c17.99±1.93b
肉桂酸28.29±2.93b37.23±10.82b63.35±5.68a
4-羟基马尿酸6.64±0.51NANA
没食子酸1.83±0.49a2.28±0.34a3.13±0.77a
3-(3-羟基苯基)-3-羟基丙酸1.78±0.30NANA
邻氨基苯甲酸1.33±0.28a1.86±0.47a1.93±0.37a
癸二酸1.20±0.23b1.86±0.15a0.60±0.28c
3-羟基马尿酸0.11±0.03a0.14±0.12a0.19±0.17a
齐墩果酸NA3835023.43±142122.31b5056238.57±616831.94a
对羟基苯乙酸NA95.15±10.54b178.92±4.74a
邻羟基苯乙酸NANA0.88±0.13
总计1674802.39±82246.11c6172830.40±193402.04ab7636782.58±765846.38a
), ArticleFig(id=1320882394127778235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882381200933205, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

LVEF对鲜食玉米有机酸含量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质CK-0 d(ng/g)CK-8 d(ng/g)LVEF-8 d(ng/g)
L-苹果酸1391272.75±71613.06b2072048.07±37892.42a2235872.47±128614.45a
琥珀酸143318.71±2357.36a95990.88±5007.26b133243.38±6452.48a
乙酰丙酸32345.90±936.87a28097.17±460.16b32973.36±1082.36a
戊二酸32021.02±1777.89c37384.78±1294.29b48110.56±1949.01a
泛酸11190.13±500.99c18751.58±650.63b21623.35±579.13a
乳酸9142.46±1127.03b6480.08±1587.17b21491.26±2881.40a
顺式-乌头酸9068.55±443.17c26167.68±904.26a24063.73±1060.13b
4-氨基丁酸8952.56±285.24a2565.83±233.23b2649.15±552.21b
富马酸6060.09±1290.04b15983.50±177.27a19242.02±2397.18a
反式-乌头酸5774.04±377.39b11516.58±1857.02a11195.01±1384.31a
酒石酸5482.63±133.09b6325.94±179.58a6093.65±185.53a
丙酮酸4097.03±220.65b4778.90±331.72ab5657.00±637.13a
α-酮戊二酸2295.89±175.32c3157.48±16.43b4028.38±181.81a
新绿原酸2292.45±257.95a179.15±25.89c1038.86±30.56b
5-羟基吲哚-3-乙酸1617.64±130.67a968.64±132.49c1317.95±35.53b
3-羟基异戊酸1581.79±73.90a700.50±13.48c1140.08±22.54b
L-焦谷氨酸1155.59±100.42a975.09±47.3a1123.28±112.86a
甲基丁二酸893.32±27.94c1534.14±69.27b2246.22±46.03a
阿魏酸807.50±71.43a642.32±53.04b865.77±58.97a
己二酸614.07±13.70a38.45±7.32c139.53±14.41b
吲哚-3-乙酸539.66±29.19a245.01±38.27b262.72±42.78b
3-羟基-3-甲基谷氨酸531.90±18.71b357.43±11.36c675.93±30.23a
DL-3-苯基乳酸483.50±60.19b149.63±36.75c1036.07±168.15a
4-香豆酸462.23±43.72a487.03±41.79a498.04±72.02a
莽草酸433.85±15.91c506.75±25.16b581.40±37.7a
隐绿原酸414.30±18.34a80.64±24.58c192.62±24.48b
(R)-3-羟基丁酸372.63±13.34aNA110.59±30.14b
咖啡酸297.62±9.98a211.18±3.77b276.17±21.79a
3-(4-羟基苯基)乳酸283.03±42.44b276.92±31.89b1146.50±174.14a
牛磺酸250.65±7.03c462.20±25.94a385.44±35.84b
对羟基苯甲酸169.27±10.31a115.73±1.32b125.51±12.12b
2-羟基-3-甲基丁酸148.90±8.97a21.49±4.12c61.07±10.53b
水杨酸108.37±12.75a48.92±0.92c90.12±3.64b
2-羟基-2-甲基丁酸73.08±2.96a50.96±3.00b67.37±3.20a
辛二酸61.40±5.86a51.00±9.53a56.29±1.50a
苯乙酰甘氨酸39.78±8.94c145.00±20.13b432.22±12.66a
3-甲基己二酸38.33±8.17a14.21±3.99b29.16±7.67a
壬二酸35.45±6.94b150.07±22.04a134.14±33.06a
3-吲哚乙酸33.20±3.48a2.72±4.07c17.99±1.93b
肉桂酸28.29±2.93b37.23±10.82b63.35±5.68a
4-羟基马尿酸6.64±0.51NANA
没食子酸1.83±0.49a2.28±0.34a3.13±0.77a
3-(3-羟基苯基)-3-羟基丙酸1.78±0.30NANA
邻氨基苯甲酸1.33±0.28a1.86±0.47a1.93±0.37a
癸二酸1.20±0.23b1.86±0.15a0.60±0.28c
3-羟基马尿酸0.11±0.03a0.14±0.12a0.19±0.17a
齐墩果酸NA3835023.43±142122.31b5056238.57±616831.94a
对羟基苯乙酸NA95.15±10.54b178.92±4.74a
邻羟基苯乙酸NANA0.88±0.13
总计1674802.39±82246.11c6172830.40±193402.04ab7636782.58±765846.38a
), ArticleFig(id=1320882394207470012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882381200933205, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effect of LVEF on the sugar content of sweet corn

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质CK-0 d(mg/g)CK-8 d(mg/g)LVEF-8 d(mg/g)
蔗糖205.09±19.98a8.49±2.14c44.49±6.96b
葡萄糖8.30±1.03a2.15±0.26c3.65±0.41b
D-果糖5.27±0.80a0.64±0.09b1.26±0.16b
D-山梨醇1.55±0.20a0.12±0.03c0.49±0.05b
麦芽糖0.55±0.08a0.50±0.25a0.23±0.06a
肌醇0.40±0.02a0.10±0.02c0.24±0.01b
D-半乳糖0.15±0.01b0.16±0.03b0.44±0.04a
1,6-脱水-β-D-葡萄糖0.10±0.01a0.03±0.00c0.06±0.01b
海藻糖0.08±0.01a0.01±0.01b0.01±0.00b
D-纤维二糖0.07±0.01a0.03±0.01b0.03±0.00b
D-甘露糖-6-磷酸钠0.06±0.00b0.05±0.01b0.15±0.01a
棉子糖0.05±0.01c0.24±0.04a0.17±0.02b
D-甘露糖0.05±0.00a0.03±0.00b0.06±0.01a
D-葡萄糖醛酸0.03±0.00b0.04±0.01b0.06±0.01a
D-核糖0.03±0.00a0.01±0.00b0.03±0.00a
D-核糖-5-磷酸钡盐0.03±0.01a0.01±0.00b0.02±0.01a
阿拉伯糖醇0.02±0.00b0.02±0.00b0.04±0.00a
D-阿拉伯糖0.02±0.00b0.02±0.00b0.03±0.00a
N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖0.01±0.00c0.03±0.00a0.02±0.00b
D-半乳糖醛酸0.01±0.00c0.03±0.00b0.05±0.00a
木糖醇0.01±0.00a0.01±0.00a0.02±0.00a
L-鼠李糖0.01±0.00a0.01±0.00a0.01±0.00a
D-木糖0.01±0.00a0.01±0.00a0.01±0.00a
苯基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷0.01±0.00a0.01±0.00a0.02±0.00a
D-木酮糖0.01±0.00aNA0.01±0.00a
总计221.91±22.17a12.72±2.90c51.58±7.76b
), ArticleFig(id=1320882394282967485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882381200933205, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

LVEF对鲜食玉米糖类含量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质CK-0 d(mg/g)CK-8 d(mg/g)LVEF-8 d(mg/g)
蔗糖205.09±19.98a8.49±2.14c44.49±6.96b
葡萄糖8.30±1.03a2.15±0.26c3.65±0.41b
D-果糖5.27±0.80a0.64±0.09b1.26±0.16b
D-山梨醇1.55±0.20a0.12±0.03c0.49±0.05b
麦芽糖0.55±0.08a0.50±0.25a0.23±0.06a
肌醇0.40±0.02a0.10±0.02c0.24±0.01b
D-半乳糖0.15±0.01b0.16±0.03b0.44±0.04a
1,6-脱水-β-D-葡萄糖0.10±0.01a0.03±0.00c0.06±0.01b
海藻糖0.08±0.01a0.01±0.01b0.01±0.00b
D-纤维二糖0.07±0.01a0.03±0.01b0.03±0.00b
D-甘露糖-6-磷酸钠0.06±0.00b0.05±0.01b0.15±0.01a
棉子糖0.05±0.01c0.24±0.04a0.17±0.02b
D-甘露糖0.05±0.00a0.03±0.00b0.06±0.01a
D-葡萄糖醛酸0.03±0.00b0.04±0.01b0.06±0.01a
D-核糖0.03±0.00a0.01±0.00b0.03±0.00a
D-核糖-5-磷酸钡盐0.03±0.01a0.01±0.00b0.02±0.01a
阿拉伯糖醇0.02±0.00b0.02±0.00b0.04±0.00a
D-阿拉伯糖0.02±0.00b0.02±0.00b0.03±0.00a
N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖0.01±0.00c0.03±0.00a0.02±0.00b
D-半乳糖醛酸0.01±0.00c0.03±0.00b0.05±0.00a
木糖醇0.01±0.00a0.01±0.00a0.02±0.00a
L-鼠李糖0.01±0.00a0.01±0.00a0.01±0.00a
D-木糖0.01±0.00a0.01±0.00a0.01±0.00a
苯基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷0.01±0.00a0.01±0.00a0.02±0.00a
D-木酮糖0.01±0.00aNA0.01±0.00a
总计221.91±22.17a12.72±2.90c51.58±7.76b
), ArticleFig(id=1320882394345882046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882381200933205, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effects of LVEF on the identification of volatile components in sweet corn by GC-IMS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CAS#英文名称化合物分子式保留指数保留时间(s)漂移时间(ms)数据库风味描述词
醇类
11-Hexanol正己醇C6H14O1351,0769,602132,873香蕉、花、草、香草
2Pentanol戊醇C5H12O1216,7417,499125,711绿色青草味
32-Propanol2-丙醇C3H8O930,3170,61108,619花卉
4Pentan-1-ol1-戊醇C5H12O1268,0522,04212,479香脂、水果、绿色、辛辣、酵母
51-Butanol1-丁醇C4H10O1176,1353,987117,712发酵、油、果味
62-Methylbutanol2-甲基丁醇C5H12O1174,2351,452147,079鱼油、绿色、麦芽、洋葱、葡萄酒
72-Pentanol2-戊醇C5H12O1124,7292,1111,928杂气油、绿色
83-Octanol3-辛醇C8H18O1002,2200,891140,384柑橘、苔藓、蘑菇、坚果
91-Propanol1-丙醇C3H8O995,9197,742124,344酒精、糖果、辛辣
104-Methyl-2-pentanol4-甲基-2-戊醇C6H14O1168,9344,162127,058−
112-Butanol(dimer)仲丁醇(二聚体)C4H10O1039,3222,128116,583−
122-Butanol(dimer)仲丁醇(二聚体)C4H10O1001,6200,566132,768−
芳香族
13Ethylbenzene乙苯C8H101097,4265,904108,492−
硫化物
142-Methyl-3-furanthiol2-甲基-3-呋喃硫醇C5H6OS1293,0585,35114,703油炸、坚果、土豆、烤肉
15Dimethyl disulfide二甲基二硫化物C2H6S21094,9263,73911,347卷心菜、大蒜、洋葱
16Thiocyanic acid methyl ester硫氰酸甲酯C2H3NS1275,3539,627118,041−
其他
17N,N-DimethylformamideN,N-二甲基甲酰胺C3H7NO1282,0556,51125,153−
醛类
18(E)-2-Octenal(E)-2-辛烯醛C8H14O1376,6868,7381,334蒲公英、脂肪、水果、绿色、香料
19(E)-2-Heptenal(E)-2-庚烯醛C7H12O1302,3611,377125,298杏仁、脂肪、水果
203-Methyl-2-butenal3-甲基-2-丁烯醛C5H8O1204,7397,233135,384杏仁、烤
21(E)-2-Pentenal(E)-2-戊烯醛C5H8O1174,7352,104136,367−
22E-2-HexenalE-2-己烯醛C6H10O1216,6417,354118,241−
酮类
234-Hexen-3-one4-己烯-3-酮C6H10O1206,0399,274110,587水果
243-Pentanone3-戊酮C5H10O970,9186,192133,806薄荷味
252-Octanone2-辛酮C8H16O1320,1664,837133,062脂肪、芳香、霉菌
26Acetoin乙偶姻C4H8O21302,6612,08132,264黄油、奶油、青椒
烯烃类
27(z)-Rose oxide(z)-玫瑰氧化物C10H18O1368,6836,472137,119绿
28β-Ocimeneβ-罗勒烯C10H161249,6481,098166,453花卉
29β-Pineneβ-蒎烯C10H161072,3245,203129,863松木、木材
30β-Myrceneβ-肉桂烯C10H16984,4192,17612,918香脂、水果、天竺葵、香草、葡萄汁
31Styrene苯乙烯C8H81250,5482,979142,497−
杂环化合物
32Thiazole,5-acetyl-2,4-dimethyl噻唑,5-乙酰基-2,4-二甲基C7H9NOS1370,0841,953126,477咸香
332-Ethyl-4-methylthiazole2-乙基-4-甲基噻唑C6H9NS1321,6669,409115,792辛辣
342-Methyl pyrazine2-甲基吡嗪C5H6N21261,4506,918109,043可可、绿色、榛子、爆米花、烤
352-Ethylpyrazine2-乙基吡嗪C6H8N21301,9610,092151,206烧焦、绿色、朗姆酒、木头
362-Ethyl furan2-乙基呋喃C6H8O933,1171,546104,757黄油、焦糖
酯类
37Propanoic acid hexyl ester丙酸己酯C9H18O21338,7726,17142,137水果
38Isopropyl acetate丙酸异丙酯C5H10O2900,4161,254115,516香蕉
39Methyl acetate甲酸甲酯C3H6O2861,6151,275119,792酯类、绿色
40Methyl isobutyrate异丁酸甲酯C5H10O2676,6125,079113,516花、水果
41Ethyl hexanoate己酸乙酯C8H16O21251,2484,409133,135白兰地、果胶、熟透水果、菠萝
42Acetic acid,
(4-methylphenyl)methyl ester
乙酸,(4-甲基苯基)甲酯C10H12O21266,8519,247148,462辛辣、酸
43Propyl butanoate丙基丁酸酯C7H14O21122,9290,219125,713杏、水果、菠萝、溶剂
), ArticleFig(id=1320882394433962431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882381200933205, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

气相色谱-离子迁移谱法鉴定LVEF对鲜食玉米中挥发性成分的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CAS#英文名称化合物分子式保留指数保留时间(s)漂移时间(ms)数据库风味描述词
醇类
11-Hexanol正己醇C6H14O1351,0769,602132,873香蕉、花、草、香草
2Pentanol戊醇C5H12O1216,7417,499125,711绿色青草味
32-Propanol2-丙醇C3H8O930,3170,61108,619花卉
4Pentan-1-ol1-戊醇C5H12O1268,0522,04212,479香脂、水果、绿色、辛辣、酵母
51-Butanol1-丁醇C4H10O1176,1353,987117,712发酵、油、果味
62-Methylbutanol2-甲基丁醇C5H12O1174,2351,452147,079鱼油、绿色、麦芽、洋葱、葡萄酒
72-Pentanol2-戊醇C5H12O1124,7292,1111,928杂气油、绿色
83-Octanol3-辛醇C8H18O1002,2200,891140,384柑橘、苔藓、蘑菇、坚果
91-Propanol1-丙醇C3H8O995,9197,742124,344酒精、糖果、辛辣
104-Methyl-2-pentanol4-甲基-2-戊醇C6H14O1168,9344,162127,058−
112-Butanol(dimer)仲丁醇(二聚体)C4H10O1039,3222,128116,583−
122-Butanol(dimer)仲丁醇(二聚体)C4H10O1001,6200,566132,768−
芳香族
13Ethylbenzene乙苯C8H101097,4265,904108,492−
硫化物
142-Methyl-3-furanthiol2-甲基-3-呋喃硫醇C5H6OS1293,0585,35114,703油炸、坚果、土豆、烤肉
15Dimethyl disulfide二甲基二硫化物C2H6S21094,9263,73911,347卷心菜、大蒜、洋葱
16Thiocyanic acid methyl ester硫氰酸甲酯C2H3NS1275,3539,627118,041−
其他
17N,N-DimethylformamideN,N-二甲基甲酰胺C3H7NO1282,0556,51125,153−
醛类
18(E)-2-Octenal(E)-2-辛烯醛C8H14O1376,6868,7381,334蒲公英、脂肪、水果、绿色、香料
19(E)-2-Heptenal(E)-2-庚烯醛C7H12O1302,3611,377125,298杏仁、脂肪、水果
203-Methyl-2-butenal3-甲基-2-丁烯醛C5H8O1204,7397,233135,384杏仁、烤
21(E)-2-Pentenal(E)-2-戊烯醛C5H8O1174,7352,104136,367−
22E-2-HexenalE-2-己烯醛C6H10O1216,6417,354118,241−
酮类
234-Hexen-3-one4-己烯-3-酮C6H10O1206,0399,274110,587水果
243-Pentanone3-戊酮C5H10O970,9186,192133,806薄荷味
252-Octanone2-辛酮C8H16O1320,1664,837133,062脂肪、芳香、霉菌
26Acetoin乙偶姻C4H8O21302,6612,08132,264黄油、奶油、青椒
烯烃类
27(z)-Rose oxide(z)-玫瑰氧化物C10H18O1368,6836,472137,119绿
28β-Ocimeneβ-罗勒烯C10H161249,6481,098166,453花卉
29β-Pineneβ-蒎烯C10H161072,3245,203129,863松木、木材
30β-Myrceneβ-肉桂烯C10H16984,4192,17612,918香脂、水果、天竺葵、香草、葡萄汁
31Styrene苯乙烯C8H81250,5482,979142,497−
杂环化合物
32Thiazole,5-acetyl-2,4-dimethyl噻唑,5-乙酰基-2,4-二甲基C7H9NOS1370,0841,953126,477咸香
332-Ethyl-4-methylthiazole2-乙基-4-甲基噻唑C6H9NS1321,6669,409115,792辛辣
342-Methyl pyrazine2-甲基吡嗪C5H6N21261,4506,918109,043可可、绿色、榛子、爆米花、烤
352-Ethylpyrazine2-乙基吡嗪C6H8N21301,9610,092151,206烧焦、绿色、朗姆酒、木头
362-Ethyl furan2-乙基呋喃C6H8O933,1171,546104,757黄油、焦糖
酯类
37Propanoic acid hexyl ester丙酸己酯C9H18O21338,7726,17142,137水果
38Isopropyl acetate丙酸异丙酯C5H10O2900,4161,254115,516香蕉
39Methyl acetate甲酸甲酯C3H6O2861,6151,275119,792酯类、绿色
40Methyl isobutyrate异丁酸甲酯C5H10O2676,6125,079113,516花、水果
41Ethyl hexanoate己酸乙酯C8H16O21251,2484,409133,135白兰地、果胶、熟透水果、菠萝
42Acetic acid,
(4-methylphenyl)methyl ester
乙酸,(4-甲基苯基)甲酯C10H12O21266,8519,247148,462辛辣、酸
43Propyl butanoate丙基丁酸酯C7H14O21122,9290,219125,713杏、水果、菠萝、溶剂
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低压静电场对鲜食玉米采后色泽和风味的影响
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陈华 1, 2 , 李天宇 1, 2 , 郑鄢燕 2 , 左进华 2 , 王云香 2 , 冯欣怡 2 , 王利红 1, *
食品工业科技 | 贮运保鲜 2026,47(15): 398-411
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食品工业科技 |贮运保鲜 2026 , 47 (15) : 398 -411
低压静电场对鲜食玉米采后色泽和风味的影响
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2北京市农林科学院农产品加工与食品营养研究所,北京 100097, bio={"content":"

陈华(1999−),男,硕士,研究方向:农产品采后保鲜与冷链物流,E-mail:

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陈华1, 2 , 李天宇1, 2, 郑鄢燕2, 左进华2, 王云香2, 冯欣怡2, 王利红1, *
作者信息
  • 1河北工程大学生命科学与食品工程学院,河北邯郸 056107
  • 2北京市农林科学院农产品加工与食品营养研究所,北京 100097
通讯作者:
王利红(1986−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:农产品贮藏与加工,E-mail:。
作者简介:

陈华(1999−),男,硕士,研究方向:农产品采后保鲜与冷链物流,E-mail:

Effect of Low-voltage Electrostatic Field on the Post-harvest Color and Flavor of Sweet Corn
Hua CHEN1, 2 , Tianyu LI1, 2, Yanyan ZHENG2, Jinhua ZUO2, Yunxiang WANG2, Xinyi FENG2, Lihong WANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056107, China
  • 2Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
出版时间: 2026-08-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080222
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为研究低压静电场(low-voltage electrostatic field,LVEF)对鲜食玉米采后色泽和风味的影响,本实验以‘农科糯336’鲜食玉米为实验材料,在1 kV的LVEF条件下贮藏8 d,分析贮藏期间鲜食玉米的色泽、皱缩率、感官评分、抗氧化酶(过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammoniase,PAL)和多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO))活力、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量、类黄酮含量、有机酸含量、糖类含量,以及挥发性有机化合物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)的变化情况。结果表明,经过1 kV LVEF处理的鲜食玉米色泽变化幅度显著减小,处理组中POD和PAL活力相对稳定且维持在较高水平,MDA含量和PPO活力上升幅度较小,而类黄酮含量下降程度较低,反映出LVEF减缓了细胞结构的氧化损伤。在贮藏阶段,LVEF处理提高了鲜食玉米绿原酸、隐绿原酸和(R)-3-羟基丁酸等抗氧化性相关有机酸含量,降低了壬二酸和反式/顺式-乌头酸等酸涩味相关的有机酸含量;同时,LVEF处理可有效减缓糖类的下降速度,促进乙酸甲酯、β-罗勒烯和4-己烯-3-酮等VOCs的积累,抑制正丁醇和乙偶姻等带有霉味、酸腐味及发酵果酒味的不良风味物质的积累,以保持鲜食玉米的良好风味品质。总之,LVEF处理可以延缓鲜食玉米采后色泽转暗,维持鲜食玉米在贮藏期间的风味品质,有效延长其保质期。

低压静电场  /  鲜食玉米  /  色泽  /  有机酸  /  糖类  /  风味

To investigate the effect of a low-voltage electrostatic field (LVEF) on the post-harvest color and flavor of sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. Nongke Nuo 336), samples were subjected to a 1 kV LVEF treatment during storage for 8 days. Changes in color difference, wrinkling rate, sensory score, the activities of antioxidant enzymes—peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, flavonoid content, organic acids, sugars, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were monitored throughout storage. The results showed that the variation in color difference was significantly smaller in the LVEF-treated group. POD and PAL activities remained relatively stable and at higher levels, while the increases in MDA content and PPO activity were lower, and the decline in flavonoid content was slower, suggesting that LVEF mitigated oxidative damage to cellular structures. During storage, LVEF treatment enhanced the accumulation of antioxidant-related organic acids such as chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, and (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid, while decreasing the levels of sourness-related organic acids such as azelaic acid and trans-/cis-aconitic acid. Moreover, LVEF treatment effectively slowed the reduction in sugar content, promoted the accumulation of desirable VOCs (e.g., methyl acetate, β-ocimene, and 4-hexen-3-one), and suppressed the formation of undesirable VOCs (e.g., 1-butanol and acetoin) associated with musty, sour, and fermented odors. Overall, LVEF treatment delayed post-harvest color darkening, preserved flavor quality, and effectively extended the shelf life of sweet corn.

low-voltage electrostatic field  /  sweet corn  /  color  /  organic acid  /  sugar  /  flavor
陈华, 李天宇, 郑鄢燕, 左进华, 王云香, 冯欣怡, 王利红. 低压静电场对鲜食玉米采后色泽和风味的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (15) : 398 -411 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080222
Hua CHEN, Tianyu LI, Yanyan ZHENG, Jinhua ZUO, Yunxiang WANG, Xinyi FENG, Lihong WANG. Effect of Low-voltage Electrostatic Field on the Post-harvest Color and Flavor of Sweet Corn[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (15) : 398 -411 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080222
鲜食玉米(Zea mays L.)是指在乳熟期采收,如同水果与蔬菜那般直接食用其鲜嫩果穗的一类特用玉米,因其丰富的营养价值和独特的风味特征,已成为全球重要的果蔬消费品[1]。然而,其采后呼吸代谢旺盛[2],易发生色泽劣变[3]、糖分降解及香气物质挥发[4],严重制约产业链可持续发展。传统低温贮藏虽能延缓衰老,但存在能耗高,部分酶在低温下仍具有活性等问题,持续催化糖类等成分分解,加速挥发性风味物质的损失,造成风味品质下降[5−6];而化学保鲜则存在潜在的安全风险。因此,开发绿色、高效的物理保鲜技术,精细调控采后代谢路径,已成为产业亟待突破的瓶颈。
低压静电场(Low voltage electrostatic field,LVEF)作为一种非热物理场技术,不仅可通过微电流效应影响细胞膜通透性和酶活性,还具备低能耗、无残留及操作简便等优势,在果蔬采后品质维持方面展现出良好的应用前景[7−8]。研究表明,静电场处理不仅能抑制微生物增殖、延缓水分流失,还有助于维持果蔬的抗氧化能力[9]。近年来,LVEF在多种易腐果蔬的保鲜中取得积极效果,例如可降低樱桃番茄的质量损失率与腐烂发生率,并维持其质地[9];在草莓中能够抑制丙二醛和超氧阴离子的积累,诱导超氧化物歧化酶的活性增加,并保留抗坏血酸和还原型谷胱甘肽的含量[10];在鲜嫩方竹笋中提高了香豆酸、己醇和壬二酸的水平,抑制了DL-苹果酸等的还原,也表现出对果实硬度、酶活性及香气组成的显著调控作用[11]。这些研究表明,LVEF在调节果实糖酸组成与挥发性风味方面具有潜力。然而,LVEF对含糖量高、代谢活跃的鲜食玉米采后“色、香、味”等多维感官评价,尤其是糖酸代谢平衡与挥发性风味物质动态变化的调控机制,尚缺乏系统研究。目前相关的研究多聚焦于果实失重率、硬度等宏观品质的调控[4],或基于多组学测序技术探讨生理及遗传基础[4,12−13],而对糖类、有机酸等关键风味因子的变化及其与感官评价的关联机制仍解析不足。
因此,本研究选取甜加糯型鲜食玉米作为研究对象,探究LVEF处理对其采后贮藏期间理化指标及挥发性风味物质的影响,旨在揭示LVEF延缓品质劣变的生理生化机制。研究结果有望为鲜食玉米采后保鲜提供新的技术思路,并为LVEF在鲜食农产品绿色保鲜中的进一步应用提供理论依据和技术支撑。
鲜食玉米 来自北京泰民同丰农业科技有限公司,当雄穗长度生长至3~4 cm时对植株进行挂牌标记,挂牌23 d后进行采收,并在2 h内运到实验室。挑选大小一致,无机械损伤,无病虫害,且成熟度一致的玉米进行试验;甲醇(色谱纯)、异丙醇(色谱纯) 德国默克集团(Merck KGaA);乙腈(色谱纯) 上海星可高纯溶剂有限公司;甲酸(色谱纯)、甲氧胺盐(99 %)、吡啶(99 %) 西格玛奥德里奇(上海)贸易有限公司;有机酸标准品(甲醇配制,1 mg/mL,>99%) 西格玛奥德里奇(上海)贸易有限公司/上海甄准生物科技有限公司;正己烷(色谱纯)、糖类标准品(色谱纯,甲醇配制,2 mg/mL) 上海安谱实验科技股份有限公司和东京化成工业株式会社等公司;BSTFA(with 1% TMCS,99%)、2-丁酮、2-戊酮、2-己酮、2-庚酮、2-辛酮、2-壬酮、丙酮(均为分析纯) 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;过氧化物酶(POD)测定试剂盒、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)测定试剂盒、多酚氧化酶(PPO)测定试剂盒 北京盒子生工有限公司。
低压静电场装置 自主研发(图1);HGF-1500保鲜盒 湖北盒工坊包装制品有限公司;FlavourSpec GC-IMS分析仪 德国G.A.S.公司;PEN3电子鼻 德国AIRSENSE Analytics公司;QTRAP 6500+LC-MS/MS 荷兰SCIEX公司;5424R离心机 德国Eppendorf公司;AS 60/220.R2电子天平 波兰RADWAG公司;MIX-200多管涡旋振荡器 上海净信实业发展有限公司;KQ5200E超声清洗仪 昆山市超声仪器有限公司;8890-5977B GC-MS 美国Agilent公司;MM400球磨仪 德国Retsch公司;CentriVap冷冻干燥机 美国LABCONCO公司;DHG-9055A烘箱 上海合恒仪器设备有限公司;XD-DCY-24Y氮吹仪 上海析达仪器有限公司;Varioskan LUX多功能酶标仪 美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司。
剥除玉米苞叶,并清理其表面附着的玉米须,采用HGF-1500保鲜盒盛放(规格:25×15 cm)。置于25 ℃、相对湿度为80%的环境中贮藏。处理组(LVEF)施加1 kV静电场,设置1 kV电压时,板件距离55 cm(预实验:将包装好的鲜食玉米,随机分为5组,每组3盒,于25 ℃相对湿度为80%~85%恒温库中贮藏,分别施加0、0.5、1、1.5、2 kV五种不同电场强度的静电场,每2 d进行一次感官评价,以确定最适宜电场强度);对照组(CK)不施加静电场。在贮藏期间,每隔2 d进行一次样本采集,直至第8 d结束采样。每次采样均将玉米籽粒浸泡于液氮中,随后使用研磨器将玉米籽粒研磨成均匀的粉末状,保存于−80 ℃的冰箱中待测。每组实验样本均设置3个生物学重复。
参考时文林等[14]的方法并加以修改,感官评估团队由10名经过公司专业培训的鉴评人员组成,其中包括5位男生与5位女生。感官鉴评小组将分别从每组鲜食玉米中随机抽取9棒,根据表1评估标准,逐一进行感官评分,总分为10.0,低于6.0被视为失去商品价值。
参考Li等[15]的方法,先对色差仪进行校准,每组选取3棒玉米,然后在玉米籽粒表面中心位置选取3个不同位点进行测定,并同时记录L*、a*值和b*值。L*值代表亮度,a*值代表红绿程度,b*值代表黄蓝程度。玉米皱缩率为单棒皱缩籽粒数与总籽粒数的比值。
依照试剂盒说明,分别称取0.1 g玉米样本,制备成待测液后,进行POD、PAL和PPO测定。MDA和类黄酮含量的测定参照Bai等[16]的方法,类黄酮称取0.1 g玉米籽粒粉末,加入1 mL体积分数为1%的盐酸-甲醇溶液进行溶解提取,在4 ℃的离心机中9000×g离心20 min,然后取上清液。以提取液为对照组,用通用标准石英微孔板测定325 nm波长下两组的吸光度。MDA称取0.2 g鲜食玉米粉末,加入1 mL浓度为6.7 g/L的TBA溶液进行提取。离心机4 ℃预冷30 min后,以8000×g离心20 min,取上清液,用1.2 mL浓度为100 g/L的TCA溶液作参考,分别加入TBA溶液1.2 mL,煮制20 min后冷却放凉。用酶标仪测定其在450、532和600 nm处的吸光值。
称取50 mg玉米粉末,迅速加入500 μL −20 ℃预冷的70%甲醇水提取液,涡旋3 min混匀。于4 ℃、12000 r/min离心10 min,取300 μL上清液至新管。−20 ℃静置30 min后,再次相同条件离心10 min。移取200 μL上清液至进样小瓶,−20 ℃保存待测。采用UPLC(ExionLC™ AD)与MS/MS(QTRAP® 6500+)联用[17]。液相:ACQUITY HSS T3柱(1.8 µm,100 mm×2.1 mm i.d.),A相为含0.05%甲酸的超纯水,B相为含0.05%甲酸的乙腈,梯度洗脱(0 min:A/B 95:5;8~9.5 min:5:95;9.6~12 min:95:5),流速0.35 mL/min,柱温40 ℃,进样量2 μL。
质谱:ESI温度550 ℃,正离子模式电压5500 V,负离子模式电压−4500 V,气帘气压力35 psi,按优化DP和CE扫描检测离子对。定性:基于MWDB数据库,比对质谱数据与标准谱图识别代谢物。定量:用MRM模式,四级杆筛选前体离子,经碰撞室电离形成碎片离子,再过滤选择特征碎片离子,排除干扰。对色谱峰积分,用标准曲线定量分析样本中有机酸代谢物含量[18]。样本有机酸含量计算公式如下:
$ \text{有机酸含量}( \text{ng/g})=\rm {c\times V/1000/m} $
式中:c:样本中积分峰面积代入标准曲线得到的浓度值(ng/mL);V:提取时所用溶液的体积(μL);m:称取的样本质量(g)。
称20 mg玉米粉末置于离心管,加500 μL甲醇:异丙醇:水(3:3:2,v/v/v)提取液,涡旋3 min、4 ℃水浴超声30 min。4 ℃、12000 r/min 离心3 min,取50 μL上清液,加20 μL 1000 μg/mL内标溶液,氮吹后冻干。接着加100 μL甲氧铵盐吡啶(15 mg/mL)37 ℃孵育2 h,再加100 μL BSTFA 37 ℃孵育30 min得衍生化溶液。取50 μL衍生化溶液,用正己烷稀释至1 mL,0.22 μm滤膜过滤,滤液保存于棕色进样瓶待GC-MS分析[19]。
参考Gómez-González等[20]的方法并稍作修改。进样量1 μL,分流模式5:1;载气Helium,色谱柱DB-5MS(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm),柱流速1 mL/min;柱箱升温:160 ℃保持1 min,6 ℃/min升至200 ℃,10 ℃/min 升至270 ℃,20 ℃/min升至320 ℃并保持5.5 min;传输线温度280 ℃,离子源温度230 ℃,四级杆温度150 ℃;电离电压70 eV,质谱扫描模式选择离子监测模式(SIM),溶剂延迟4 min。样本糖类含量计算公式如下:
$ \rm 糖含量(mg/g)=c\times{\text{V}}_{1}\times {\text{V}}_{2}/{\text{V}}_{3}\text{/m/1000000} $
式中:c:样本中积分峰面积比值代入标准曲线得到的浓度值(μg/mL);V1:定容所用溶液的体积(μL);V2:样品提取过程中加入样本提取液的体积(μL);V3:样品提取过程中收集上清液的体积(μL);m:称取的样本质量(g)。
参考Tao等[21]的方法,并稍作调整。样品处理:准确称取6 g冷冻玉米粉末置于20 mL顶空瓶中,在60 ℃下孵育20 min。检测参数:间隔1 s采集数据、检测前空白时间120 s、零点微调时间10 s、预采样时间5 s、测量时间120 s、注射流速350 mL/min。测得数据所代表的传感对象物质与电子鼻的10个金属氧化传感器一一对应,对第117~119 s采集到的数据进行分析。
参考Tao等[21]的方法,并稍作调整。将3 g冷冻玉米粉置于20 mL顶空瓶中,并在80 ℃下孵育25 min后进行进样。顶空采样针的温度保持在85 ℃,进样体积为500 μL。使用MXT-5色谱柱(15 m×0.53 mm,1 μm)。气相色谱条件包括:色谱柱温度为60 ℃,初始柱流速为2 mL/min,保持2 min,然后在8 min内线性增加至10 mL/min;随后在10 min内增加至100 mL/min,最后在最后的10 min内增加至150 mL/min。载气为高纯度氮气(≥99.999%)。漂移气流速设定为150 mL/min,IMS检测器温度为45 ℃,总运行时间为30 min。
GC-IMS标准曲线的建立:各取10 μL的2-丁酮至2-壬酮及丙酮的分析纯标准品溶液,在相同GC-IMS参数下进行测定。将保留时间与GC-IMS内置的酮类化合物数据库进行匹配,并以保留指数(RI)的对数值为横坐标、实际保留时间为纵坐标进行线性拟合,建立标准曲线(R2>0.99),该曲线仅用于计算保留指数以进行挥发性风味物质的定性鉴别,而非用于精确量化。VOCs相关描述性词汇,从以下数据库中获取:National Center for Biotechnology Information、Food Flavor Laboratory以及Flavor Extract Manufacturers Association[22]。
所有指标均重复测定3次,取平均值作为结果。利用WPS Office Excel软件进行数据处理,利用IBM SPSS Statistics 27软件进行单因素方差分析(one-way analysis of variance,ANOVA),最小显著差异法(least significant difference,LSD)进行显著性比较,P<0.05表示差异显著,P<0.01表示差异极显著。采用WPS office、Metware Cloud和Origin 2022软件进行绘图。
贮藏期间,LVEF组鲜食玉米的感官评分均极显著高于CK组,且随贮藏时间延长,两组间差值呈逐渐增大趋势(图2A)。评分低于6.0被认为是失去商品价值的临界点,CK组的鲜食玉米仅能维持4 d的良好品质状态,而LVEF组却能将这一状态延长至第8 d。在贮藏期间,CK组籽粒的皱缩率一直高于LVEF组,并且自第4 d起,两组间的差距进一步扩大,第8 d CK组的皱缩率比LVEF组高8%(图2B)。说明LVEF处理能够较好地维持鲜食玉米在贮藏期间的感官评分,有效延缓鲜食玉米的品质下降。
鲜食玉米采后贮藏期间依然进行着生命活动,会使组织氧化,进而导致颜色发生较大变化[13]。两组L*(明亮度)均随贮藏时间的延长呈下降趋势,但LVEF组的L*始终高于CK组(图3A)。a*表示红绿色调,从−a*到+a*表明产品的颜色随着时间由绿转为红色。两组的a*随贮藏时间增加而降低且为负值,意味着绿色调逐渐增强(图3B)。但LVEF组的a*值一直高于CK组,这表明LVEF处理能够延缓鲜食玉米变绿。b*表示黄蓝色调,从−b*到+b*表明产品的颜色随着时间由蓝转为黄色(图3C)。CK组和LVEF组的值均随时间延长而上升,即黄色调逐渐增加,但CK组上升幅度更大。总体而言,LVEF处理能够保持鲜食玉米原有色泽,延缓了因贮藏时间延长而导致的发黄变暗。
丙二醛(MDA)是膜脂过氧化的最终产物,其含量增加会促进玉米颜色加深[23]。在贮藏过程中,CK组的MDA含量的积累速度高于LVEF组,且从第2 d开始差异更显著(图4A)。同时,类黄酮是一类广泛存在于植物中的天然黄色色素,具有多种生物活性的化合物,在抗氧化、抗炎等方面发挥着重要作用[24]。随着贮藏时间的延长,两组的类黄酮含量均呈现出先上升后下降的趋势。然而,LVEF组的类黄酮含量在各个时间点均高于CK组(图4B)。贮藏至第4 d,两组鲜食玉米的类黄酮含量出现峰值,此时CK组和LVEF组的含量分别为2.36和2.59 mg/g。结果表明,LVEF处理通过增强鲜食玉米的抗氧化能力,有效缓解了膜脂过氧化,有助于维持细胞结构的完整性和玉米的良好色泽。
苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)是苯丙烷代谢途径中的三类关键氧化酶。它们参与果蔬的酶促褐变反应,能够催化氧化果蔬内源的酚类物质,进而生成褐色物质,对果蔬的外观品质和商品价值产生重要影响。在贮藏期间,两组POD酶活力呈现先升高后降低的趋势,0~2 d时,两组的变化趋势较为相近(图5A)。自第4 d开始差异极显著(P<0.01),第6 d两组的POD酶活力出现峰值,这可能与LVEF处理诱导了鲜食玉米的抗胁迫能力有关。PAL作为酚类物质合成的关键酶,其酶活力的变化与类黄酮的积累模式存在关联,CK组第4 d出现谷值(1.21 U/g),而LVEF组第6 d才出现谷值(0.81 U/g)(图5B),两组不同的变化轨迹揭示LVEF可能影响了酚类底物的供应。PPO是催化褐变反应的关键酶,本研究中CK组的PPO酶活力始终高于LVEF组且持续上升(图5C),表明其褐变趋势更为强烈。而LVEF处理显著抑制了PPO活性,这是其能够有效延缓鲜食玉米褐变、保持外观品质的核心原因。
有机酸积累量是评估果实风味品质的关键指标。在鲜食玉米中,有机酸多以与钾、钠、钙等离子结合形成的盐或酯形式存在,仅少数呈游离态。这些有机酸具备抗氧化、抗菌抗炎、调节酸碱平衡及改善食品风味等多重功效。本研究基于LC-MS/MS平台的有机酸定量分析方法,检测了65种有机酸含量,其中达到检出限的有机酸共49种(表2)。对QC样本进行皮尔逊(Pearson)相关性分析,|r|≥0.9995,说明检测过程稳定性好,数据质量高(图6B)。对QC样本进行PCA分析以显示样品之间的物质含量差异(图6A)。前三个主成分占总数据方差的87.39%(PC1=52.34%,PC2=28.17%,PC3=6.88%),较好地反映了原始数据的主要信息。以采收当日鲜食玉米的有机酸谱作为基准,将在自然贮藏条件或特定处理条件下所引发的有机酸谱显著性变化,作为评判其质量品质保持状况优劣的依据。刚采收的鲜食玉米含量最高的有机酸是L-苹果酸、琥珀酸、乙酰丙酸、戊二酸和泛酸,其含量分别为1391272.75、143318.71、32345.90、32021.02和11190.13 ng/g。
在CK-8 d vs CK-0 d中,显著上调的有机酸包括顺式-乌头酸、对羟基苯乙酸和富马酸等6种,显著下调的包括(R)-3-羟基丁酸、己二酸和隐绿原酸等14种(图6D)。具有潜在鲜味和健康功能的4-氨基丁酸较CK-0 d下降71%。与抗氧化相关的有机酸含量大幅下降,如新绿原酸、隐绿原酸、(R)-3-羟基丁酸、DL-3-苯基乳酸和己二酸含量分别降低了92%、81%、69%、99%和94%(图6C)。此外,主要酸味物质L-苹果酸含量相较于CK-0 d增加了49 %,柠檬酸循环中间体顺式-乌头酸增加了188%,富马酸也增加了164%。在LVEF-8 d vs CK-8 d中差异表达的有机酸,除了癸二酸外,其余均上调(图6E)。此外,反式/顺式-乌头酸在LVEF-8 d中的积累量低于CK-8 d。对羟基苯乙酸和齐墩果酸在CK-0 d未检出,却在CK-8 d和LVEF-8 d出现大量积累,这或许是玉米品质劣变的关键参考指标。结果表明,LVEF处理通过提高抗氧化性相关的有机酸含量延缓果实颜色转暗,还能降低壬二酸和反式/顺式-乌头酸的含量以减少贮藏过程中因品质劣变而导致的酸涩味。
糖类是多羟基醛或酮类及水解后能生成多羟基醛或酮的一类化合物,由碳氢氧三种元素组成。鲜食玉米的风味特性与其所含糖分的种类和含量密切相关,因此本文建立了一种基于GC-MS平台的糖分析方法,对32种常见的糖类物质进行了靶向检测分析,涵盖木糖醇、阿拉伯糖醇、D-阿拉伯糖等25种单糖,蔗糖、海藻糖、麦芽糖等6种二糖以及棉子糖(三糖)。结果显示,达到检出限的糖类物质有25种,包括20种单糖、4种二糖和1种三糖(图7D)。
变异系数(CV)是原始数据标准差与原始数据平均数的比,可反映数据离散程度。CK-0 d和LVEF-8 d的CV值超过80%的低于0.2,CK-8 d的CV值超过80%的低于0.3,说明3组样本的实验数据稳定,经过LVEF处理的样本能更好地维持数据的稳定性(图8)。采后鲜食玉米的糖类代谢呈现出下降趋势,总体表现为甜度降低。在新鲜样品中,蔗糖(205.0905 mg/g)占据主导地位,其含量远超其他糖类。常温贮藏8 d后,蔗糖含量降至8.49 mg/g(降幅96%),葡萄糖、果糖及D-山梨醇分别下降74%、88%和92%。绝大多数微量糖/糖醇(如肌醇、海藻糖、D-甘露糖、D-核糖等)也普遍呈现下降趋势。然而,LVEF处理显著延缓了关键糖类的降解。LVEF-8 d组蔗糖含量约为CK-8 d组的5.2倍,葡萄糖与果糖含量也分别提升70%和96%。D-山梨醇在LVEF组保留量达CK-8 d组的4.1倍。同时,LVEF有效维持了多种微量糖/糖醇的水平,并抑制了棉子糖的积累(表3)。上述结果表明,LVEF处理的核心机制在于有效减缓蔗糖等关键甜味物质的降解速率,维持D-山梨醇等风味相关糖醇含量,并抑制棉子糖积累、提升磷酸化中间代谢产物稳态。
KEGG代谢通路图中数字表示注释到该通路的差异代谢物个数,括号内为注释到该条目的差异代谢物数与所有注释到KEGG上差异代谢物的比例。CK-8 d vs CK-0 d反映了玉米在自然贮藏8 d后与贮藏前的代谢差异(图7A)。KEGG富集共分为3个类别,代谢类别中淀粉和蔗糖代谢、半乳糖代谢、次生代谢产物的生物合成等代谢分类富集到较多糖类。细胞过程中的胞葬作用富集到了葡萄糖,说明在自然贮藏过程中,玉米的衰老与糖类组成相关。LVEF-8 d vs CK-8 d体现了LVEF处理与CK处理在贮藏8 d后的代谢差异,与CK-8 d vs CK-0 d相比,该组代谢途径和半乳糖代谢的富集程度依然较高,但数量有所减少(图7B);而ABC转运蛋白的富集程度在LVEF-8 d vs CK-8 d中也很高,说明LVEF处理可能对物质运输相关的代谢活动有显著影响。两组之间淀粉与蔗糖代谢均为富集最显著的通路,其中LVEF处理主要通过减缓蔗糖的损失速率进而维持甜度(图7C)。结果表明,LVEF处理增强了糖类在玉米籽粒中的储存能力,减少了糖类向其他非甜味物质的转化,为维持玉米的甜味和品质提供了代谢支持。
通过对10个传感器的平均响应值进行主成分分析(PCA),以探究鲜食玉米在特征风味上的差异。主轴1(PC1)与主轴2(PC2)的方差分别为89.71%和7.30%,累计贡献率达到97.01%,有效概括了原始数据的主要特征(图9C)。CK组和LVEF组样本在PC1轴上完全分离,无交集。CK组样本在PC1轴上的分布跨度明显大于LVEF组,这表明对照组样本间的风味差异较大,数据离散度高;而LVEF处理组的样本分布相对集中,表明LVEF处理有效减缓了风味变化,组内的风味一致性更好。
载荷分析(Loading,LO)可评估传感器对挥发性气味的贡献度,传感器距坐标轴原点越远,其对香气分析起到的作用越大。供试玉米样本总贡献率为99.25%,其中W1W对PC1的贡献率最大,W1S对PC2的贡献率最大,W2S和W5S也对PC1和PC2有较大贡献率(图9D)。这四个传感器所提取的信息能够有效反映风味特征,具体而言,鲜食玉米的主要风味特征由硫化物、吡嗪、萜烯类物质、甲烷等短链烷烃、氮氧化合物以及醇类共同构成。结合图9A、B分析可知,醇类、吡嗪、萜烯和硫化物等在鲜食玉米贮藏期含量逐步增加,对照组的积累速度大于处理组。氮氧化合物和短链烷烃在处理组仍呈现增长趋势,对照组的积累量减少。
为进一步了解鲜食玉米的风味物质变化,进行了GC-IMS测定,光谱中独立光点代表一种特定的VOCs,扣除背景干扰后,光点的红色与其浓度正相关,蓝色与其浓度负相关。对照组鲜食玉米在贮藏过程中VOCs呈现逐渐累积的趋势,第6 d开始大量累积,第8 d部分VOCs浓度有所降低(图10B)。处理组VOCs浓度累积趋势与对照组一致,但累积速度较缓慢,没有突然激增。这表明LVEF处理能够较好地维持鲜食玉米的风味品质稳定。
通过将VOCs的保留指数(RI)和质谱与参考化合物的RI和质谱进行比较,在样本中初步鉴定了43种VOCs,其中醇类12种、酯类7种、醛类5种、烯烃类5种、杂环化合物5种、酮类4种、硫化物3种、芳香族和酰胺类化合物各1种(表4)。VOCs指纹图谱直观展示了LVEF处理对鲜食玉米风味的影响,Ⅰ区VOCs对鲜食玉米“花”“果”“青草”和“绿色”贡献较大,其中LVEF条件下贮藏的鲜食玉米中甲酸甲酯、β-罗勒烯、(z)-玫瑰氧化物和4-己烯-3-酮等VOCs的浓度总体上大于CK组(图10A)。Ⅱ区VOCs含量随贮藏时间变化,对照组和处理组呈现相反的趋势,它们是对“松木”“坚果”“焦糖”和“咸香”做出贡献的2-甲基-3-呋喃硫醇、3-甲基-2-丁烯醛、(E)-2-庚烯醛和β-蒎烯。Ⅲ区鉴定出的2-乙基-4-甲基噻唑、乙偶姻、丙基丁酸酯、β-肉桂烯和1-丁醇带有霉味、酸腐气息和发酵果酒味,且大多具有刺激性气味,对照组鲜食玉米的浓度高于LVEF处理。Ⅳ区所涉及的物质,未在数据库中检索到与之相关的风味描述词。该区域存在一对用作增味剂的同分异构体仲丁醇,它们在两组样本中的表达趋势呈现出一致性,不过在LVEF组的色谱峰表现更为显著。结果表明,LVEF处理促进了令人愉快的VOCs的产生,较好地维持了鲜食玉米的风味,同时抑制了不良风味化合物的生成。
鲜食玉米采后水分含量高,贮运过程中容易出现籽粒皱缩,甜味下降等现象,严重影响了其市场价值。LVEF通过改变生物细胞膜电位影响代谢活动,可推迟果蔬采后呼吸高峰,降低细胞内氧化反应的发生频率与强度,从而有效保护易因氧化而损失的营养成分和风味物质,最终显著延长果蔬的采后货架期[7,10]。本研究系统解析了LVEF处理下鲜食玉米有机酸、糖类代谢物组成及其与色泽、风味特征的关联,构建了涵盖“色、香、味”多维度品质的数据集,为阐明LVEF调控机制提供了依据。
色泽作为衡量果蔬新鲜度与品质的关键外观指标,显著影响着消费者的购买意愿[25−26]。LVEF处理显著抑制了MDA的积累,降低PAL与PPO活性(分别下降8.33%和3.89%),同时激活抗氧化防御系统,类黄酮含量提升10.94%,POD活性增强16.97%,有效延缓了鲜食玉米的色泽劣变。MDA作为膜脂过氧化产物,其含量上升往往伴随色素降解与组织褐变[27]。本研究中色泽指标变化进一步表明,LVEF处理减轻了脂质氧化对色素的破坏,与Wang等[23]在类似电场处理中的发现一致。此外,类黄酮作为重要的抗氧化与呈色物质,其含量上升对维持外观品质具有积极意义,Lü等[24]在不同色泽大球盖菇中的研究也提示类黄酮与颜色呈现密切相关。Harisha等[28]指出PPO是引起谷物产品褐变的关键酶,本研究中LVEF对PPO活性的抑制与前人结果相契合,进一步支持其在延缓采后褐变中的潜力。
鲜食玉米的气味组成主要受酯类、醛类、醇类、酮类及萜烯等挥发性有机物(VOCs)调控[29]。电子鼻分析显示,LVEF处理组样本风味数据更为集中,特征波动小,有助于维持良好的风味稳定性。GC-IMS结果进一步表明,对照组在常温贮藏下VOCs累积迅速,风味劣变快,与Chen等[3]报道一致;而LVEF处理显著减缓了VOCs的异常累积,抑制不良风味形成,与低温贮存效果相近[30]。通过VOCs指纹图谱分析共鉴定出43种物质,LVEF处理促进了“花”“果”类愉悦风味物质的生成,同时抑制了霉味与酸腐类不良气味,较好地维持了鲜食玉米的典型风味特征。
有机酸和糖类的含量和种类构成是影响水果和蔬菜滋味、口感和风味的关键因素[31]。适当的酸度不仅可提升甜味感知,还能增强果香与花香的清新感[32−33]。本研究以采收当日样品为基准,发现自然贮藏下4-氨基丁酸等具鲜味与功能性的有机酸下降显著[34],而L-苹果酸等酸味物质则上升[35];LVEF处理则通过提高新绿原酸、(R)-3-羟基丁酸等抗氧化相关有机酸含量,延缓色泽转暗,并降低壬二酸与乌头酸等带来酸涩味的组分,从而改善整体风味。此外,LVEF还促进了对酸感知敏感的丙酮酸、戊二酸等物质的积累,增强了果香与花香的释放强度。在糖类代谢方面,糖类降解是鲜食玉米品质劣变的主要表现[36],其中蔗糖、葡萄糖与果糖为主要甜味物质,占总糖98%以上。与采收当日相比,对照组在第8 d糖类总量下降94.27%,而LVEF处理组仅下降76.76%,表明LVEF显著延缓了糖类降解,特别是蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖等关键甜味成分。LVEF对棉子糖(一种与籽粒硬化及风味劣变相关的抗营养因子)的积累具有抑制作用,这与维持甜味稳态和延缓品质劣变密切相关[37]。KEGG富集分析显示,LVEF处理下糖代谢通路如半乳糖代谢仍保持活跃,说明其并非完全抑制代谢,而是通过选择性调控减缓糖类分解速率,与Liu等[9]关于LVEF延缓糖类降解的结论一致。
本研究明确了LVEF在维持鲜食玉米采后色泽、风味与糖酸平衡方面的积极作用,但也存在一定局限。结论主要基于生理指标与代谢物分析,尚未深入揭示LVEF调控糖酸代谢的分子机制。KEGG分析提示ABC转运蛋白及淀粉-蔗糖代谢通路可能参与其中,但相关基因表达模式及电场信号传导路径尚未明确。后续研究如能结合转录组与蛋白组数据,解析LVEF通过ROS信号或钙离子通道调控下游基因表达的级联机制,将有助于构建“电场应激-基因响应-代谢表型”的调控网络,为LVEF在采后保鲜中的应用提供更深层次的理论支撑。
本研究聚焦低电压电场(LVEF)处理对鲜食玉米采后色泽、风味和滋味的影响,首次系统解析其挥发性有机化合物、有机酸与糖类代谢物图谱的变化。研究结果显示,LVEF延缓了色泽劣变,减少MDA积累,降低PAL和PPO等相关酶活力,抑制褐变;电子鼻和GC-IMS分析表明LVEF稳定鲜食玉米的风味特征,明确主要风味物质,减缓不良风味物质生成,促进愉悦风味产生,提升风味品质;LVEF可延缓贮藏过程中鲜食玉米风味劣变,提高抗氧化相关有机酸含量,降低产生酸涩口感有机酸的含量,延缓糖类降解或代谢,抑制棉子糖积累,延长糖类储存期。综上所述,1 kV LVEF处理可以有效延缓鲜食玉米的色泽变暗,延缓糖类代谢或转化速度,减少带酸涩味的有机酸积累量,进而维持良好风味品质,延长其货架期。

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2026年第47卷第15期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080222
  • 接收时间:2025-08-22
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-08-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-22
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    1河北工程大学生命科学与食品工程学院,河北邯郸 056107
    2北京市农林科学院农产品加工与食品营养研究所,北京 100097

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王利红(1986−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:农产品贮藏与加工,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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属数
Number of
genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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